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id="toc-Effects_of_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Environmental_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Environmental impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animal_welfare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animal_welfare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Animal welfare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animal_welfare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Additives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-food_animal_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-food_animal_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Non-food animal products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-food_animal_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Animal product</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AC_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="منتج حيواني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منتج حيواني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivo%C4%8Di%C5%A1n%C3%BD_produkt" title="Živočišný produkt – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Živočišný produkt" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierisches_Produkt" title="Tierisches Produkt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tierisches Produkt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Producto_de_origen_animal" title="Producto de origen animal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Producto de origen animal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalia_jatorriko_produktu" title="Animalia jatorriko produktu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Animalia jatorriko produktu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="فراورده جانوری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فراورده جانوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produit_d%27origine_animale" title="Produit d'origine animale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Produit d'origine animale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="पशु उत्पाद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पशु उत्पाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produk_hewani" title="Produk hewani – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Produk hewani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sottoprodotti_di_origine_animale" title="Sottoprodotti di origine animale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sottoprodotti di origine animale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%97%D7%99" title="מוצרים מהחי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוצרים מהחי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olahan_k%C3%A9wan" title="Olahan kéwan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Olahan kéwan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz%C4%ABvnieku_izcelsmes_produkti" title="Dzīvnieku izcelsmes produkti – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzīvnieku izcelsmes produkti" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyv%C5%ABnin%C4%97s_kilm%C4%97s_produktai" title="Gyvūninės kilmės produktai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gyvūninės kilmės produktai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dierlijk_product" title="Dierlijk product – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dierlijk product" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਪਸ਼ੂ ਉਤਪਾਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਸ਼ੂ ਉਤਪਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivo%C4%8D%C3%AD%C5%A1ny_produkt" title="Živočíšny produkt – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Živočíšny produkt" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%DA%98%DB%95%DA%B5" title="بەرھەمی ئاژەڵ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەرھەمی ئاژەڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="விலங்குப் பொருள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விலங்குப் பொருள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayvansal_%C3%BCr%C3%BCn" title="Hayvansal ürün – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hayvansal ürün" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BA%A3n_ph%E1%BA%A9m_%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng_v%E1%BA%ADt" title="Sản phẩm động vật – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sản phẩm động vật" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E4%BA%A7%E5%93%81" title="动物产品 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="动物产品" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q629103#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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searchaux" style="display:none">Food product derived from non-human animal body</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%27Duck,_Duck,_Duck%27.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/%27Duck%2C_Duck%2C_Duck%27.png/220px-%27Duck%2C_Duck%2C_Duck%27.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/%27Duck%2C_Duck%2C_Duck%27.png/330px-%27Duck%2C_Duck%2C_Duck%27.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/%27Duck%2C_Duck%2C_Duck%27.png/440px-%27Duck%2C_Duck%2C_Duck%27.png 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="3445" /></a><figcaption>A dish called "Duck, Duck, Duck" because the three parts come from the complex body of the duck: duck eggs, duck <a href="/wiki/Confit" title="Confit">confit</a> and roast duck breast</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dairy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Dairy.jpg/220px-Dairy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Dairy.jpg/330px-Dairy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Dairy.jpg/440px-Dairy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Varieties of goat cheese</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>animal product</b> is any material derived from the body of a non-human <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples are fat, flesh, blood, milk, eggs, and lesser known products, such as <a href="/wiki/Isinglass" title="Isinglass">isinglass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rennet" title="Rennet">rennet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Animal by-products, as defined by the USDA, are products harvested or manufactured from livestock other than muscle meat.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the EU, animal by-products (ABPs) are defined somewhat more broadly, as materials from animals that people do not consume.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, chicken eggs for human consumption are considered by-products in the US but not France; whereas eggs destined for animal feed are classified as animal by-products in both countries. This does not in itself reflect on the condition, safety, or wholesomeness of the product. </p><p>Animal by-products are <a href="/wiki/Carrion" title="Carrion">carcasses</a> and parts of carcasses from slaughterhouses, animal shelters, zoos and veterinarians, and products of animal origin not intended for human consumption, including catering waste. These products may go through a process known as <a href="/wiki/Rendering_(animals)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rendering (animals)">rendering</a> to be made into human and non-human foodstuffs, fats, and other material that can be sold to make commercial products such as cosmetics, paint, cleaners, polishes, glue, soap and ink. The sale of animal by-products allows the <a href="/wiki/Meat_industry" title="Meat industry">meat industry</a> to compete economically with industries selling sources of vegetable protein.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word <b>animals</b> includes all species in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)" title="Kingdom (biology)">biological kingdom</a> <b>Animalia</b>, including, for example, <a href="/wiki/Tetrapods" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrapods">tetrapods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthropods" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropods">arthropods</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mollusks" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusks">mollusks</a>. Generally, products made from fossilized or decomposed animals, such as <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a> <a href="/wiki/Formation_of_petroleum" class="mw-redirect" title="Formation of petroleum">formed</a> from the ancient remains of marine animals are not considered animal products. Crops grown in soil <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer#Organic_fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">fertilized</a> with animal remains are rarely characterized as animal products. Products sourced from humans (ex; hair sold for wigs, donated blood) are not typically classified as animal products even though humans are part of the animal kingdom. </p><p>Increased production and consumption over the past 50 years has led to widespread environmental and <a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">animal welfare</a> impacts. These range from being linked to 80% of <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_of_the_Amazon_rainforest" title="Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest">Amazonian deforestation</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the welfare implications of using <a href="/wiki/Chick_culling" title="Chick culling">chick culling</a> shredders on live day old-chicks for 7 billion of them each year.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several popular diet patterns prohibit the inclusion of some categories of animal products and may also limit the conditions of when other animal products may be permitted. This includes but not limited to <a href="/wiki/List_of_diets#Vegetarian_diets" title="List of diets">secular diets</a>; like, <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pescetarianism" title="Pescetarianism">pescetarian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_diet" title="Paleolithic diet">paleolithic</a> diets, as well as <a href="/wiki/List_of_diets#Belief-based_diets" title="List of diets">religious diets</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">kosher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halal" title="Halal">halal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cuisine#Philosophies_governing_food" title="Buddhist cuisine">mahayana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macrobiotic_diet" title="Macrobiotic diet">macrobiotic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sattvic_diet" title="Sattvic diet">sattvic</a> diets. Other diets, such as <a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">vegan</a>-vegetarian diets and all its subsets exclude any material of animal origin.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholarly, the term <a href="/wiki/Animal_source_foods" title="Animal source foods">animal source foods</a> (ASFs) has been used to refer to these animal products and by-products collectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Science_Direct_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Science_Direct-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In international trade legislation, the terminology <b>products of animal origin</b> (<b>POAO</b>) is used for referring to foods and goods that are derived from animals or have close relation to them.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Slaughterhouse_waste">Slaughterhouse waste</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_product&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Slaughterhouse waste"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Solid_Wastes_from_Slaughterhouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Solid_Wastes_from_Slaughterhouse.jpg/220px-Solid_Wastes_from_Slaughterhouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Solid_Wastes_from_Slaughterhouse.jpg/330px-Solid_Wastes_from_Slaughterhouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Solid_Wastes_from_Slaughterhouse.jpg/440px-Solid_Wastes_from_Slaughterhouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="366" /></a><figcaption>Slaughterhouse waste</figcaption></figure> <p>Slaughterhouse waste is defined as animal body parts cut off in the preparation of carcasses for use as food. This waste can come from several sources, including <a href="/wiki/Slaughterhouse" title="Slaughterhouse">slaughterhouses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">restaurants</a>, stores and <a href="/wiki/Farm" title="Farm">farms</a>. In the UK, slaughterhouse waste is classed as category 3 risk waste in the <a href="/wiki/Animal_By-Products_Regulations" title="Animal By-Products Regulations">Animal By-Products Regulations</a>, with the exception of condemned meat which is classed as category 2 risk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By-products_in_pet_food">By-products in pet food</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_product&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: By-products in pet food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The leftover pieces that come from the process of stripping meat from animals tends to get used for different purposes. One of them is to put these parts into pet food.<sup id="cite_ref-AAFCO_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAFCO-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many large, well-known pet food brands use animal by-products as protein sources in their recipes. This can include animal feet, livers, lungs, heads, spleens, etc or an admixture in the form of <a href="/wiki/Meat_and_bone_meal" title="Meat and bone meal">meat and bone meal</a>. These organs are usually not eaten by humans <a href="/wiki/Offal" title="Offal">depending on culture</a>, but are safe and nutritious for pets regardless. By-products can also include bad-looking pieces. They are always cooked (rendered) to kill pathogens.<sup id="cite_ref-AAFCO_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAFCO-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some pet food makers advertise the lack of by-products to appeal to buyers, a move criticized for contributing to <a href="/wiki/Food_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Food waste">food waste</a> and reducing <a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">sustainability</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects_of_production">Effects of production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_product&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Effects of production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Animal_Husbandry#Effects" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal Husbandry">Animal Husbandry § Effects</a></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Environmental_Impact"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_impact"> Environmental impact</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_husbandry&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: Environmental impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_livestock" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental impact of livestock">Environmental impact of livestock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_meat_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental impact of meat production">Environmental impact of meat production</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bezerros_de_IATF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cattle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Bezerros_de_IATF.jpg/220px-Bezerros_de_IATF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Bezerros_de_IATF.jpg/330px-Bezerros_de_IATF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Bezerros_de_IATF.jpg/440px-Bezerros_de_IATF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Livestock production requires large areas of land.</figcaption></figure> <p>Animal husbandry has a significant impact on the world environment. Both production and consumption of animal products have increased rapidly. Since 1950, meat production has tripled, whereas the production of dairy products doubled and that of eggs almost increased fourfold.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, meat consumption has nearly doubled worldwide. Developing countries had a surge in meat consumption, particularly of monogastric livestock.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Animal husbandry drives climate change, ocean acidification, and biodiversity loss, and kills 60 billion animals annually.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It uses between 20 and 33% of the world's fresh water,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Livestock, and the production of feed for them, occupy about a third of the Earth's ice-free land.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Livestock production contributes to species <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification">desertification</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">habitat destruction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the primary driver of the <a href="/wiki/Holocene_extinction" title="Holocene extinction">Holocene extinction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WorldScientists_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WorldScientists-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBCIPBES2019_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCIPBES2019-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Machovina_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Machovina-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smithers_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smithers-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some 70% of the agricultural land and 30% of Earth's land surface is involved directly or indirectly in animal husbandry.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Habitat is destroyed by clearing forests and converting land to grow feed crops and for grazing, while predators and herbivores are frequently targeted because of a perceived threat to livestock profits; for example, animal husbandry causes up to 91% of the <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_of_the_Amazon_rainforest" title="Deforestation of the Amazon rainforest">deforestation in the Amazon region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, livestock produce <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">greenhouse gases</a>. Cows produce some 570 million cubic metres of methane per day,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that accounts for 35 to 40% of the overall <a href="/wiki/Methane_emissions" title="Methane emissions">methane emissions</a> of the planet.<sup id="cite_ref-FAOshadow_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAOshadow-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, livestock production is responsible for 65% of all human-related emissions of <a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide" title="Nitrous oxide">nitrous oxide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FAOshadow_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAOshadow-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McAfee_McSorley_2010_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McAfee_McSorley_2010-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animal_welfare">Animal welfare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_husbandry&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Animal welfare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">Animal welfare</a></div> <p>Since the 18th century, people have become increasingly concerned about <a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">the welfare of farm animals</a>. Possible measures of welfare include <a href="/wiki/Longevity" title="Longevity">longevity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">behavior</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology">physiology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reproduction" title="Reproduction">reproduction</a>, freedom from <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">disease</a>, and freedom from <a href="/wiki/Immunosuppression" title="Immunosuppression">immunosuppression</a>. Standards and laws for animal welfare have been created worldwide, broadly in line with the most widely held position in the western world, a form of <a href="/wiki/Utilitarianism" title="Utilitarianism">utilitarianism</a>: that it is <a href="/wiki/Moral_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Moral philosophy">morally acceptable</a> for humans to use non-human animals, provided that no unnecessary suffering is caused, and that the benefits to humans outweigh the costs to the livestock. An opposing view is that <a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">animals have rights</a>, should not be regarded as property, are not necessary to use, and should never be used by humans.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Live_export" title="Live export">Live export</a> of animals has risen to meet increased global demand for livestock such as in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>. Animal rights activists have objected to long-distance transport of animals; one result was the banning of live exports from New Zealand in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additives">Additives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_product&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Additives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carmine" title="Carmine">Carmine</a>, derived from crushed <a href="/wiki/Cochineal" title="Cochineal">cochineal</a> beetles, is a red or purple substance commonly used in food products.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is common in food products such as juice, candy, and yogurt.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The presence of carmine in these products has been a source of controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One major source of controversy was the use of carmine in Starbucks frappuccinos.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carmine is an allergen according to the FDA.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It takes about 70,000 female insects to produce a pound of dye.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-cysteine" class="mw-redirect" title="L-cysteine">L-cysteine</a> from <a href="/wiki/Human_hair" class="mw-redirect" title="Human hair">human hair</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">pig bristles</a> (used in the production of <a href="/wiki/Biscuit" title="Biscuit">biscuits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">bread</a> and dietary supplements)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennet" title="Rennet">Rennet</a> (commonly used in the production of cheese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shellac" title="Shellac">Shellac</a> (commonly used for food dye, food <a href="/wiki/Glaze_(cooking_technique)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaze (cooking technique)">glaze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Resinous_glaze" title="Resinous glaze">medicine glaze</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiftlet" title="Swiftlet">Swiftlet</a>'s nest (made of saliva)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Food">Food</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_product&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bee_pollen" title="Bee pollen">Ambrosia</a>, also known as “bee bread” (which is made from both plant pollen and the insect’s secretions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachnids_as_food" title="Arachnids as food">Arachnids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_as_food" title="Blood as food">Blood</a>, especially in the form of <a href="/wiki/Blood_sausage" title="Blood sausage">blood sausage</a> (<i>see also</i> <a href="/wiki/Taboo_food_and_drink#Blood" class="mw-redirect" title="Taboo food and drink">Blood as taboo food</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone" title="Bone">Bone</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Bone_char" title="Bone char">bone char</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bone_meal" title="Bone meal">bone meal</a>, etc.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broth" title="Broth">Broths</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stock_(food)" title="Stock (food)">stocks</a> are often created with animal fat, bone, and connective tissue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caviar" title="Caviar">Caviar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casein" title="Casein">Casein</a> (found in milk and cheese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civet_(perfumery)" title="Civet (perfumery)">Civet</a> oil (food flavoring additive)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_product" title="Dairy product">Dairy products</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">yogurt</a>, etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg (food)">Eggs</a> and egg products (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Mayonnaise" title="Mayonnaise">mayonnaise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eggnog" title="Eggnog">eggnog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Custard" title="Custard">custard</a>, etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snail_caviar" title="Snail caviar">Escargot pearls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_fat" title="Animal fat">Fat</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Lard" title="Lard">lard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lardon" title="Lardon">lardon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schmaltz" title="Schmaltz">schmaltz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suet" title="Suet">suet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tallow" title="Tallow">tallow</a>, etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelatin" title="Gelatin">Gelatin</a> (used to make candy, ice cream, and marshmallows)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roe" title="Roe">Hard roe</a> (as food is used as a raw or cooked ingredient in various dishes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">Honey</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Comb_honey" title="Comb honey">comb honey</a> products)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeydew_(secretion)" title="Honeydew (secretion)">Honeydew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isinglass" title="Isinglass">Isinglass</a> (used in <a href="/wiki/Clarification_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarification (wine)">clarification</a> of beer and wine)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insects_as_food" title="Insects as food">Insects</a> (some edible insects are consumed whole or made into a powder, like <a href="/wiki/Cricket_flour" title="Cricket flour">cricket flour</a>. The flours are then used to make products like insect fitness bars or burger patties.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopi_luwak" title="Kopi luwak">Kopi luwak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_Ivory_Coffee" title="Black Ivory Coffee">Black Ivory Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">Meat</a> (which includes <a href="/wiki/Fish_as_food" title="Fish as food">fish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shellfish" title="Shellfish">shellfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Worcestershire_sauce" title="Worcestershire sauce">sauces</a> made from them, and <a href="/wiki/Poultry" title="Poultry">poultry</a> in addition to <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Game_(hunting)" title="Game (hunting)">game</a>, and "exotic dishes" made from <a href="/wiki/Frog_legs" title="Frog legs">amphibians</a> or <a href="/wiki/Turtle_soup" title="Turtle soup">reptiles</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offal" title="Offal">Offal</a></li> <li>Skins (remaining skin scraps as a by-product of meat production or fat rendering are made profitable by being fried/roasted and sold as snacks, like; <a href="/wiki/Gribenes" title="Gribenes">gribenes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pork_rinds#United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Pork rinds">rinds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pork_rinds#United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pork rinds">scratchings</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Krupuk_kulit" title="Krupuk kulit">rambak</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_wine" title="Snake wine">Snake wine</a> (also used as medicine)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milt#Milt_as_food" title="Milt">Soft roe</a>, also known as “white roe” (commonly fried, used as an ingredient in a larger dish, or used as a condiment in some European and Asian countries)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whey" title="Whey">Whey</a> (found in cheese and added to many other products)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-food_animal_products">Non-food animal products</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_product&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Non-food animal products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_fiber" title="Animal fiber">Animal fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambergris" title="Ambergris">Ambergris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beeswax" title="Beeswax">Beeswax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_bile" class="mw-redirect" title="Bear bile">Bear bile</a> (used to make medicine)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood" title="Blood">Blood</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Blood_substitutes" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood substitutes">blood substitutes</a> (blood used for <a href="/wiki/Blood_transfusion" title="Blood transfusion">transfusions</a> is always human in origin, though some blood substitutes are made from animal sources. Many diagnostic laboratory tests use animal or human sourced reagents)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casein" title="Casein">Casein</a> (used in plastics, clothing, cosmetics, adhesives and paint)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castoreum" title="Castoreum">Castoreum</a> (secretion of the <a href="/wiki/Beaver" title="Beaver">beaver</a> used in perfumes and possibly in food flavoring)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civet_(perfumery)" title="Civet (perfumery)">Civet oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral" title="Coral">Coral</a> rock (<a href="/wiki/Precious_coral" title="Precious coral">Precious coral</a> in particular is beloved for jewelry making)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donkey_milk#Cosmetic_use" title="Donkey milk">Donkey milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_oil" title="Egg oil">Egg oil</a> (used in <a href="/wiki/Skin_care" title="Skin care">skin care</a> products as a preservative and as skin conditioning agent)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emu_oil" title="Emu oil">Emu oil</a> (serves as a <a href="/wiki/Natural_skin_care" title="Natural skin care">”natural”</a> emollient in cosmetic preparations, especially in products that claim it has the ability enhance and <a href="/wiki/Anti-aging_cream" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-aging cream">maintain</a> beauty.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ejaculate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ejaculate">Ejaculate</a> (used in <a href="/wiki/Artificial_insemination" title="Artificial insemination">artificial insemination</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feather" title="Feather">Feathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishmeal" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishmeal">Fishmeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_clothing" title="Fur clothing">Fur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallstones" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallstones">Gallstones</a> (from livestock for <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Chinese Medicine">Traditional Chinese Medicine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guano" title="Guano">Guano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hide_(skin)" title="Hide (skin)">Hide</a></li> <li>Horse oil (used in East Asian skincare masks and creams for similar purposes as emu oil.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keratin" title="Keratin">Horn</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Antlers" class="mw-redirect" title="Antlers">antlers</a> etc.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">Ivory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanolin" title="Lanolin">Lanolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limulus_amebocyte_lysate" title="Limulus amebocyte lysate">Limulus amebocyte lysate</a> (a chemical in <a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_crab" title="Horseshoe crab">horseshoe crab</a> blood used to detect bacterial <a href="/wiki/Lipopolysaccharide" title="Lipopolysaccharide">endotoxin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">Leather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manure" title="Manure">Manure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mink" title="Mink">Mink</a> <a href="/wiki/Eyelash_extensions" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyelash extensions">lashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mink_oil" title="Mink oil">Mink oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musk" title="Musk">Musk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus" title="Nautilus">Nautilus</a> (decorative shell or pearl alternative)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_uses_for_placenta" title="Alternative uses for placenta">Ovine Placenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl" title="Pearl">Pearl</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nacre" title="Nacre">mother of pearl</a> (Treated as a precious gem for making jewelry or adorning clothing & accessories. <a href="/wiki/Pearl_powder" title="Pearl powder">Pearl powder</a> is used as a natural skincare product for hydrating & healing the skin as well as lightening, brightening and maintaining youthfulness of the complexion)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_jelly" title="Royal jelly">Royal jelly</a> (used as a dietary supplement)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scale_(zoology)" title="Scale (zoology)">Scales</a> (fish scales are often used in makeup to impart a refractive & pearlescent finish)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">Silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_sponge_aquaculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea sponge aquaculture">Sponges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skunk_oil" title="Skunk oil">Skunk oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snail_slime" title="Snail slime">Snail Mucin</a> (used in topical medications and skincare products as a treatment for lesions and acne or as an antioxidant to brighten and hydrate the skin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stearin" title="Stearin">Stearin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallow" title="Tallow">Tallow</a>, may be used in food and <a href="/wiki/Soap" title="Soap">soap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tortoiseshell_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Tortoiseshell material">Tortoiseshell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_urine#Other_uses" class="mw-redirect" title="Human urine">Urine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venom" title="Venom">Venom</a> (used to produce human and <a href="/wiki/Veterinary" class="mw-redirect" title="Veterinary">veterinary</a> <a href="/wiki/Antivenin" class="mw-redirect" title="Antivenin">antivenin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_oil" title="Whale oil">Whale oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">Wool</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_product&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_meat_recovery" title="Advanced meat recovery">Advanced meat recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradable_waste" title="Biodegradable waste">Biodegradable waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiling_down" title="Boiling down">Boiling down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_quality" title="Food quality">Food quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety" title="Food safety">Food safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waste_types" title="List of waste types">List of waste types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_extenders" title="Meat extenders">Meat extenders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanically_separated_meat" title="Mechanically separated meat">Mechanically separated meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_slime" title="Pink slime">Pink slime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potted_meat_food_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Potted meat food product">Potted meat food product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spam_(food)" title="Spam (food)">Spam (food)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a> as alternatives to animal products</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_product&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGilmanPeckColby1907" class="citation book cs1">Gilman, Daniel Coit; Peck, Harry Thurston; Colby, Frank Moore (1907). <i>The New International Encyclopædia</i>. <a href="/wiki/Dodd,_Mead_%26_Co." title="Dodd, Mead & Co.">Dodd, Mead & Co.</a> p. 474.</cite><span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Cochineal+and+Starbucks%3A+Actually%2C+this+dye+is+everywhere&rft.date=2012-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fhealth%2Fla-xpm-2012-apr-20-la-heb-cochineal-starbucks-20120420-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+product" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCruz" class="citation web cs1">Cruz, Kim Bhasin, Noelia de la. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-cochineal-insects-color-your-food-and-drinks-2012-3">"Here's what you need to know about the ground-up insects that Starbucks puts in your Frappuccino"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109054133/https://www.businessinsider.com/how-cochineal-insects-color-your-food-and-drinks-2012-3">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Here%27s+what+you+need+to+know+about+the+ground-up+insects+that+Starbucks+puts+in+your+Frappuccino&rft.aulast=Cruz&rft.aufirst=Kim+Bhasin%2C+Noelia+de+la&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fhow-cochineal-insects-color-your-food-and-drinks-2012-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+product" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/carmine-valentine-candy-red_n_4775471">"Why You Should Never, Ever Give Red Candies To Your Valentine"</a>. <i>HuffPost</i>. February 13, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210628235425/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/carmine-valentine-candy-red_n_4775471">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Why+You+Should+Never%2C+Ever+Give+Red+Candies+To+Your+Valentine&rft.date=2014-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffpost.com%2Fentry%2Fcarmine-valentine-candy-red_n_4775471&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+product" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/food-health-history-you-asked/you-asked-it-true-some-candies-are-coloured-insect-extract">"Is it true that some candies are coloured with insect extract?"</a>. <i>Office for Science and Society</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210824092304/https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/food-health-history-you-asked/you-asked-it-true-some-candies-are-coloured-insect-extract">Archived</a> from the original on August 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+for+Science+and+Society&rft.atitle=Is+it+true+that+some+candies+are+coloured+with+insect+extract%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcgill.ca%2Foss%2Farticle%2Ffood-health-history-you-asked%2Fyou-asked-it-true-some-candies-are-coloured-insect-extract&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+product" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_product&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.veganpeace.com/ingredients/ingredients.htm">Extensive list identifying animal-derived and vegan ingredients</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090513105536/http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2001/301_pet.html">FDA Consumer Magazine: The Lowdown on Labels</a></li> <li>Heinz, G. & Hautzinger, P. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ai407e/AI407E16.htm">"Meat Processing Technology"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190207130013/http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ai407e/ai407e16.htm">Archived</a> February 7, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Food and Agriculture Organization, 2007, accessed March 30, 2012.</li> <li>Leoci, R., <i>Animal by-products (ABPs): origins, uses, and European regulations</i>, Mantova (Italy): Universitas Studiorum, 2014. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-97683-47-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-97683-47-6">978-88-97683-47-6</a></li> <li>Mian N Riaz, Riaz N Riaz, Muhammad M Chaudry. <i>Halal Food Production</i>, CRC Press, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58716-029-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-58716-029-3">1-58716-029-3</a></li> <li>Tsai, Michelle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/id/2162164/">"What's in a can of dog food?</a>, <i>Slate</i>, March 19, 2007.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shakahara.com">Earthly Origin of Materials, is a material animal, vegetable, or mineral?</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output 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types">Major types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_wastewater_treatment" title="Agricultural wastewater treatment">Agricultural wastewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradable_waste" title="Biodegradable waste">Biodegradable waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomedical_waste" title="Biomedical waste">Biomedical waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_waste" title="Brown waste">Brown waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_waste" title="Chemical waste">Chemical waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_waste" title="Construction waste">Construction waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_waste" title="Demolition waste">Demolition waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_waste" title="Electronic waste">Electronic waste</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_waste_by_country" title="Electronic waste by country">by country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Food waste">Food waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_waste" title="Green waste">Green waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazardous_waste" title="Hazardous waste">Hazardous waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_heat" title="Waste heat">Heat waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_waste" title="Industrial waste">Industrial waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_wastewater" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial wastewater">Industrial wastewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litter" title="Litter">Litter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_debris" title="Marine debris">Marine debris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailings" title="Tailings">Mining waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_solid_waste" title="Municipal solid waste">Municipal solid waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_defecation" title="Open defecation">Open defecation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_waste" title="Packaging waste">Packaging waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-consumer_waste" title="Post-consumer waste">Post-consumer waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_waste" title="Radioactive waste">Radioactive waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrap" title="Scrap">Scrap metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewage" title="Sewage">Sewage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharps_waste" title="Sharps waste">Sharps waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_runoff" title="Surface runoff">Surface runoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_waste" title="Toxic waste">Toxic waste</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bedrijfsafval.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bedrijfsafval.jpg/120px-Bedrijfsafval.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bedrijfsafval.jpg/180px-Bedrijfsafval.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Bedrijfsafval.jpg/240px-Bedrijfsafval.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaerobic_digestion" title="Anaerobic digestion">Anaerobic digestion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balefill" title="Balefill">Balefill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradation" title="Biodegradation">Biodegradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compost" title="Compost">Composting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durable_good" title="Durable good">Durable good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_design" title="Ecological design">Ecological design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_waste_dumping" title="Garden waste dumping">Garden waste dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_dumping" title="Illegal dumping">Illegal dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incineration" title="Incineration">Incineration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landfill" title="Landfill">Landfill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landfill_mining" title="Landfill mining">Landfill mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_biological_treatment" title="Mechanical biological treatment">Mechanical biological treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materials_recovery_facility" title="Materials recovery facility">Mechanical sorting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photodegradation" title="Photodegradation">Photodegradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaimed_lumber" title="Reclaimed lumber">Reclaimed lumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appliance_recycling" title="Appliance recycling">appliance recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_recycling" title="Battery recycling">battery recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottle_recycling" title="Bottle recycling">bottle recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp_recycling" title="Fluorescent lamp recycling">fluorescent lamp recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_recycling" title="Land recycling">land recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_recycling" title="Plastic recycling">plastic recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_recycling" title="Textile recycling">textile recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_recycling" title="Timber recycling">timber recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire_recycling" title="Tire recycling">tire recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_heat_recycling" title="Water heat recycling">water heat recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_recycling_shower" title="Water recycling shower">water recycling shower</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repurposing" title="Repurposing">Repurposing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_recovery" title="Resource recovery">Resource recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reusable_packaging" title="Reusable packaging">Reusable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_repair" title="Right to repair">Right to repair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewage_treatment" title="Sewage treatment">Sewage treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_mining" title="Urban mining">Urban mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_collection" title="Waste collection">Waste collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_sorting" title="Waste sorting">Waste sorting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_waste_trade" title="Global waste trade">Waste trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_treatment" title="Waste treatment">Waste treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste-to-energy" title="Waste-to-energy">Waste-to-energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Waste_by_country" title="Waste by country">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Armenia" title="Waste management in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Australia" title="Waste management in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Bangladesh" title="Waste management in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Brazil#Waste" title="Environmental issues in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Egypt" title="Waste management in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Hong_Kong" title="Waste management in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_India#Solid_waste_policy" title="Waste management in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Japan" title="Waste management in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Kazakhstan" title="Waste management in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_in_New_Zealand" title="Waste in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Russia" title="Waste management in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_South_Korea" title="Waste management in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Switzerland" title="Waste management in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste management in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Taiwan" title="Waste management in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Thailand" title="Waste management in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Turkey" title="Waste management in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Waste in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_in_the_United_States" title="Waste in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agreements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamako_Convention" title="Bamako Convention">Bamako Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel_Convention" title="Basel Convention">Basel Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directive_(European_Union)" title="Directive (European Union)">EU directives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battery_Directive" title="Battery Directive">batteries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battery_recycling" title="Battery recycling">Recycling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_framework_directive" title="Waste framework directive">framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_Incineration_Directive" title="Waste Incineration Directive">incineration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landfill_Directive" title="Landfill Directive">landfills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restriction_of_Hazardous_Substances_Directive" title="Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive">RoHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_of_Life_Vehicles_Directive" title="End of Life Vehicles Directive">vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Waste_Water_Treatment_Directive" title="Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive">waste water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_Electrical_and_Electronic_Equipment_Directive" title="Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive">WEEE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Convention_on_the_Prevention_of_Marine_Pollution_by_Dumping_of_Wastes_and_Other_Matter" title="London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter">London Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_Dumping_Convention" title="Oslo Dumping Convention">Oslo Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSPAR_Convention" title="OSPAR Convention">OSPAR Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanitation_worker" title="Sanitation worker">Sanitation worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_sweeper" title="Street sweeper">Street sweeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_collector" title="Waste collector">Waste collector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_picker" title="Waste picker">Waste picker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ribbon_Commission_on_America%27s_Nuclear_Future" title="Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future">Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_waste_import_ban" title="China's waste import ban">China's waste import ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleaner_production" title="Cleaner production">Cleaner production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downcycling" title="Downcycling">Downcycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-industrial_park" title="Eco-industrial park">Eco-industrial park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_producer_responsibility" title="Extended producer responsibility">Extended producer responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-level_radioactive_waste_management" title="High-level radioactive waste management">High-level radioactive waste management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_waste_management" title="History of waste management">History of waste management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landfill_fire" title="Landfill fire">Landfill fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewage_regulation_and_administration" title="Sewage regulation and administration">Sewage regulation and administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upcycling" title="Upcycling">Upcycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_hierarchy" title="Waste hierarchy">Waste hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_law" title="Waste management law">Waste legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_minimisation" title="Waste minimisation">Waste minimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_waste" title="Zero waste">Zero waste</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/16px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/24px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/32px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Environment" title="Portal:Environment">Environment portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Waste" title="Category:Waste">Category: Waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_waste_management_articles" title="Index of waste management articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Waste_management_journals" title="Category:Waste management journals">Journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Waste-related_lists" title="Category:Waste-related lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Waste_organizations" title="Category:Waste organizations">Organizations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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