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href="#Praktisk_kredsløbsopbygning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Praktisk kredsløbsopbygning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Praktisk_kredsløbsopbygning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dokumentation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dokumentation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dokumentation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dokumentation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Delkredsløb_og_kredsløbstyper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delkredsløb_og_kredsløbstyper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Delkredsløb og kredsløbstyper</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Delkredsløb_og_kredsløbstyper-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Delkredsløb og kredsløbstyper</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Delkredsløb_og_kredsløbstyper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rent_analoge_kredsløb" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rent_analoge_kredsløb"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Rent analoge kredsløb</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rent_analoge_kredsløb-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rent_digitale_kredsløb" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rent_digitale_kredsløb"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Rent digitale kredsløb</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rent_digitale_kredsløb-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blandede_kredsløb" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blandede_kredsløb"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Blandede kredsløb</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blandede_kredsløb-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_henvisninger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_henvisninger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Eksterne henvisninger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_henvisninger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Elektronisk kredsløb</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikel på et andet sprog. Tilgængelig på 40 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="دارة إلكترونية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دارة إلكترونية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="الکترونیک مداری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="الکترونیک مداری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Електронна схема – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Електронна схема" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="ইলেকট্রনিক বর্তনী – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইলেকট্রনিক বর্তনী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84%DA%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="خولگەی ئەلکترۆنیک – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خولگەی ئەلکترۆنیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronick%C3%BD_obvod" title="Elektronický obvod – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elektronický obvod" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronische_Schaltung" title="Elektronische Schaltung – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elektronische Schaltung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Ηλεκτρονικό κύκλωμα – græsk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηλεκτρονικό κύκλωμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="græsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_circuit" title="Electronic circuit – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Electronic circuit" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronika_cirkvito" title="Elektronika cirkvito – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elektronika cirkvito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektroonikal%C3%BClitus" title="Elektroonikalülitus – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elektroonikalülitus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="مدار الکترونیکی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدار الکترونیکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektroninen_piiri" title="Elektroninen piiri – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elektroninen piiri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_%C3%A9lectronique" title="Circuit électronique – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Circuit électronique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A5" title="इलेक्ट्रानिक परिपथ – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इलेक्ट्रानिक परिपथ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikui_elektwonik" title="Sikui elektwonik – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sikui elektwonik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Էլեկտրոնային միացում – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլեկտրոնային միացում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangkaian_elektronik" title="Rangkaian elektronik – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rangkaian elektronik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafr%C3%A1s" title="Rafrás – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rafrás" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuito_elettronico" title="Circuito elettronico – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Circuito elettronico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%9B%9E%E8%B7%AF" title="電子回路 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電子回路" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%ED%9A%8C%EB%A1%9C" title="전자 회로 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전자 회로" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuitus_electronicus" title="Circuitus electronicus – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Circuitus electronicus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olik%27aratra" title="Olik'aratra – malagassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Olik'aratra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litar_elektronik" title="Litar elektronik – malajisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Litar elektronik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%95%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အီလက်ထရွန်းနစ် ဆားကစ် ပတ်လမ်း – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အီလက်ထရွန်းနစ် ဆားကစ် ပတ်လမ်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schakeling" title="Schakeling – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Schakeling" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_elektroniczny" title="Układ elektroniczny – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Układ elektroniczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuito_eletr%C3%B4nico" title="Circuito eletrônico – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Circuito eletrônico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Электронная схема – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Электронная схема" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronsko_kolo" title="Elektronsko kolo – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Elektronsko kolo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronick%C3%BD_obvod" title="Elektronický obvod – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Elektronický obvod" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Omdirigeret fra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrisk_kredsl%C3%B8b&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektrisk kredsløb">Elektrisk kredsløb</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="da" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Soldering_a_0805.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Soldering_a_0805.jpg/220px-Soldering_a_0805.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Soldering_a_0805.jpg/330px-Soldering_a_0805.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Soldering_a_0805.jpg/440px-Soldering_a_0805.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4064" data-file-height="2704" /></a><figcaption>Et elektronisk kredsløb</figcaption></figure> <p>Et <b>elektrisk kredsløb</b> eller <b>elektrisk netværk</b> er en samling af <a href="/wiki/Elektroniske_komponenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektroniske komponenter">elektroniske komponenter</a> (undtagen <a href="/wiki/Aktiv_komponent" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktiv komponent">aktive komponenter</a>). </p><p>Et <b>elektronisk kredsløb</b> eller <b>elektronisk netværk</b> er en samling af elektroniske komponenter med mindst en aktiv komponent. </p><p>Både elektriske kredsløb og elektroniske kredsløb, er indbyrdes forbundet på en måde, så det samlede kredsløb udnytter elektriske <a href="/wiki/Elektrisk_str%C3%B8m" title="Elektrisk strøm">strømme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elektrisk_sp%C3%A6nding" title="Elektrisk spænding">spændinger</a> og <a href="/wiki/Effekt_(fysik)" title="Effekt (fysik)">effekt</a> med et eller andet nyttigt formål for øje. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Praktisk_kredsløbsopbygning"><span id="Praktisk_kredsl.C3.B8bsopbygning"></span>Praktisk kredsløbsopbygning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektronisk_kredsl%C3%B8b&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Praktisk kredsløbsopbygning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektronisk_kredsl%C3%B8b&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Praktisk kredsløbsopbygning"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I praktisk <a href="/wiki/Elektronik" title="Elektronik">elektronik</a> kan et kredsløb realiseres på flere måder: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Printplade" title="Printplade">Printplade</a> med <a href="/wiki/Kobber" title="Kobber">kobberfoliebaner</a> (evt. overflademonteret) <ul><li>Montage: De involverede komponenter monteres på en <a href="/wiki/Trykt_kredsl%C3%B8b" class="mw-redirect" title="Trykt kredsløb">printplade</a>, der herefter loddes manuelt eller i loddebad. Printpladen monteres i et kabinet; det færdige apparats "ydre skal".</li> <li>Historisk: Printplader begyndte at blive brugt ved transistorenes opblomstring i <a href="/wiki/1960%27erne" title="1960'erne">1960'erne</a>. De ses f.eks. i de første <a href="/wiki/Transistorradio" title="Transistorradio">transistorradioer</a>.</li> <li>Anvendelse: Fra ca. 1970 overalt – selv i fjernsyn med <a href="/wiki/Elektronr%C3%B8r" title="Elektronrør">elektronrør</a>. Det kræver stor omhu at designe en printplade korrekt, men når det er gjort kan printplade masken let anvendes flere gange. I dag (2006) kan man downloade gratis og prøve-software til at designe printplader med.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektronisk_fuglerede" title="Elektronisk fuglerede">fuglerede</a> <ul><li>Montage: Komponenternes ben loddes direkte sammen.</li> <li>Historisk: Altid anvendt.</li> <li>Anvendelse: Prototyper og testkredsløb.</li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Point_to_point_construction.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Point_to_point_construction.jpg/220px-Point_to_point_construction.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Point_to_point_construction.jpg/330px-Point_to_point_construction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Point_to_point_construction.jpg/440px-Point_to_point_construction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3248" data-file-height="1424" /></a><figcaption>Punkt til punkt konstruktion på <a href="/wiki/Pertinax_(materiale)" title="Pertinax (materiale)">pertinax</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punkt-til-punkt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punkt-til-punkt (ikke skrevet endnu)">Punkt-til-punkt</a> – anvendelse af <a href="/wiki/Loddeliste" class="mw-redirect" title="Loddeliste">loddelister</a> i en bukket blikkasse – anvendtes især sammen med elektronrør.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Terminal_strip.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Terminal_strip.jpg/220px-Terminal_strip.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Terminal_strip.jpg/330px-Terminal_strip.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Terminal_strip.jpg/440px-Terminal_strip.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2460" data-file-height="1660" /></a><figcaption>Loddeliste</figcaption></figure></li> <li>Tegning på træplade med søm. Kredsløbet loddes på sømhovederne. Anvendes i undervisning.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tykfilmskredsl%C3%B8b&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tykfilmskredsløb (ikke skrevet endnu)">tykfilmskredsløb</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Wire_Wrapping.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Wire_Wrapping.jpg/220px-Wire_Wrapping.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Wire_Wrapping.jpg/330px-Wire_Wrapping.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Wire_Wrapping.jpg/440px-Wire_Wrapping.jpg 2x" data-file-width="823" data-file-height="597" /></a><figcaption>En ledning der er wirewrappet om et wirewrap-søm.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wire_wrapping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wire wrapping (ikke skrevet endnu)">wire wrapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fumlebr%C3%A6t" class="mw-redirect" title="Fumlebræt">Fumlebræt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integreret_kredsl%C3%B8b" title="Integreret kredsløb">Integreret kredsløb</a> <ul><li>Fremstilling: Mange IC-masker anvendes. En IC prototype er dyr – fra ca. 100.000 kr og opefter. Der skal være et stort marked for ICen, for at prisen bliver attraktiv.</li> <li>Historisk: Fra ca. <a href="/wiki/1959" title="1959">1959</a>-<a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>. Populær fra <a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a> til f.eks. <a href="/wiki/Logisk_kredsl%C3%B8b" class="mw-redirect" title="Logisk kredsløb">logiske kredsløb</a> og <a href="/wiki/Operationsforst%C3%A6rker" title="Operationsforstærker">operationsforstærkere</a>.</li> <li>Anvendelse: Næsten overalt i dag. Anvendes til samling af delkredsløb fra nogle få komponenter til flere hundrede millioner. ICerne kaldes SSI, MSI, LSI, VLSI, ULSI, WSI, SOC afhængig af antallet af komponenter. I ICere er det arealmæssigt billigere at lave halvlederkomponenter end modstande, kondensatorer og spoler – og det bærer IC-diagrammerne i høj grad præg af.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dokumentation">Dokumentation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektronisk_kredsl%C3%B8b&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Dokumentation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektronisk_kredsl%C3%B8b&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Dokumentation"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Et elektronisk kredsløb dokumenteres i et <a href="/wiki/Kredsl%C3%B8bsdiagram" title="Kredsløbsdiagram">diagram</a>, som er en tegning der viser hvilke komponenter kredsløbet omfatter, og hvordan de i elektrisk forstand er forbundet indbyrdes og med "omgivelserne". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Delkredsløb_og_kredsløbstyper"><span id="Delkredsl.C3.B8b_og_kredsl.C3.B8bstyper"></span>Delkredsløb og kredsløbstyper</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektronisk_kredsl%C3%B8b&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Delkredsløb og kredsløbstyper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektronisk_kredsl%C3%B8b&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Delkredsløb og kredsløbstyper"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Indholdet" i de fleste elektroniske apparater kan inddeles i et antal <i>delkredsløb</i>, som hver især varetager sin del af den opgave, som det samlede apparat løser. Disse delkredsløb kan groft inddeles i tre kategorier: De rent <a href="/wiki/Analog_elektronik" title="Analog elektronik">analoge kredsløb</a>, rent <a href="/wiki/Digital_elektronik" title="Digital elektronik">digitale kredsløb</a>, samt hybride kredsløb, der formidler signaler mellem de to førstnævnte kredsløbstyper. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rent_analoge_kredsløb"><span id="Rent_analoge_kredsl.C3.B8b"></span>Rent analoge kredsløb</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektronisk_kredsl%C3%B8b&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Rent analoge kredsløb" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektronisk_kredsl%C3%B8b&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Rent analoge kredsløb"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Analog_elektronik" title="Analog elektronik">Analog elektronik</a> arbejder med signaler (enten som strømme eller spændninger) som kan antage "alle mulige" størrelser indenfor et vist interval. Kredsløb af denne type er f.eks.: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elektronisk_blander" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronisk blander">Blanderkredsløb</a>, som forener to signaler med hver sin <a href="/wiki/Frekvens" title="Frekvens">frekvens</a>, og herved frembringer et tredje signal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektronisk_filter" title="Elektronisk filter">Filtre</a> som fremhæver eller undertrykker signaler, typisk på grundlag af signalernes frekvens.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektronisk_forst%C3%A6rker" title="Elektronisk forstærker">Forstærkere</a> der forøger størrelsen (i form af <a href="/wiki/Elektrisk_str%C3%B8m" title="Elektrisk strøm">strøm</a> og/eller <a href="/wiki/Elektrisk_sp%C3%A6nding" title="Elektrisk spænding">spænding</a>) af et elektrisk signal.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impedanstilpasning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Impedanstilpasning (ikke skrevet endnu)">Impedanstilpasning</a>, som bruges mellem kredsløb der hhv. afleverer og modtager signaler ved forskellig impedans.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektronisk_oscillator" title="Elektronisk oscillator">Oscillatorer</a>, som frembringer ensartede signaler med fast eller variabel frekvens. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A5lesender" title="Målesender">Målesender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonegenerator" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonegenerator">Tonegenerator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Str%C3%B8mforsyning" title="Strømforsyning">Strømforsyning</a>, som f.eks. modtager en høj vekselspænding fra lysnettet, og omformer den elektriske energi til jævnstrøm ved den spænding som de øvrige delkredsløb skal arbejde ved.</li> <li>De fleste <a href="/wiki/Radioforsats" title="Radioforsats">radioforsatser</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rent_digitale_kredsløb"><span id="Rent_digitale_kredsl.C3.B8b"></span>Rent digitale kredsløb</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektronisk_kredsl%C3%B8b&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigér afsnit: Rent digitale kredsløb" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektronisk_kredsl%C3%B8b&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Rent digitale kredsløb"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I den <a href="/wiki/Digital_elektronik" title="Digital elektronik">digitale elektronik</a> bruges principielt kun signaler i to forskellige størrelser (mht. strøm eller spænding), typisk kaldet "lav" og "høj". Eksempler på kredsløb i denne kategori er: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flip-flop_(digital_elektronik)" title="Flip-flop (digital elektronik)">Flip-flops</a> er hukommelseskredsløb bestående af flere gates, som med signaler udefra kan bringes i én af to stabile tilstande.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_(digital_elektronik)" title="Gate (digital elektronik)">Gates</a> er den digitale elektroniks fundamentale byggeelementer: Leverer et enten "højt" eller "lavt" signal afhængigt af kombinationen af høje og lave signaler på gatens indgange.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikroprocessor" title="Mikroprocessor">Mikroprocessorer</a> og <a href="/wiki/Mikrocontroller" title="Mikrocontroller">mikrocontrollere</a> er store komplekse digitale systemer, realiseret som et <a href="/wiki/Integreret_kredsl%C3%B8b" title="Integreret kredsløb">integreret kredsløb</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplekser_(digital_elektronik)" title="Multiplekser (digital elektronik)">Multipleksere</a> er en slags "digital omskifter", som bruges til at udvælge ét af et antal digitale signaler.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skifteregister_(digital_elektronik)" title="Skifteregister (digital elektronik)">Skifteregistre</a> er små hukommelseselementer, som bl.a. kan bruges til at omsætte digital information mellem parallel og seriel form.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A6ller_(digital_elektronik)" title="Tæller (digital elektronik)">Tællere</a> er arrangementer af gates og flip-flops, som tæller digitale impulser og evt. afgiver "mente-impulser".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blandede_kredsløb"><span id="Blandede_kredsl.C3.B8b"></span>Blandede kredsløb</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektronisk_kredsl%C3%B8b&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigér afsnit: Blandede kredsløb" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektronisk_kredsl%C3%B8b&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Blandede kredsløb"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Denne gruppe kaldes også for <i>hybride kredsløb</i>, og omfatter kredsløb der formidler signaler mellem rent analoge hhv. digitale kredsløb. I denne kategori falder f.eks.: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analog-til-digital-konverter" title="Analog-til-digital-konverter">Analog-til-digital-konverter</a>, som tager imod et analogt signal og afleverer det på digital form som et binært tal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DA-konverter" class="mw-redirect" title="DA-konverter">Digital-til-analog-konverter</a>, som leverer en strøm eller spænding, hvis størrelse afhænger af informationer på digital form.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmissionsgate" title="Transmissionsgate">Transmissionsgates</a> kan betragtes som en slags "kontakt" for analoge signaler, styret af et digitalt signal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikrocontroller" title="Mikrocontroller">mikrocontroller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimeter" title="Multimeter">Multimeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLL" class="mw-redirect" title="PLL">PLL</a> (Phase Locked Loop).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switching-mode_power_supply" class="mw-redirect" title="Switching-mode power supply">Switching-mode power supply</a> (en <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A6ndingsforsyning" class="mw-redirect" title="Spændingsforsyning">spændingsforsyningstype</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_Defineret_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Software Defineret Radio">Software Defineret Radio</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_henvisninger">Eksterne henvisninger</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektronisk_kredsl%C3%B8b&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigér afsnit: Eksterne henvisninger" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektronisk_kredsl%C3%B8b&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne henvisninger"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox sisterproject"> <tbody><tr> <td 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