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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Superfamily of birds</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Malaconotoidea </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Helmet_vanga_(Euryceros_prevostii).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Helmet_vanga_%28Euryceros_prevostii%29.jpg/220px-Helmet_vanga_%28Euryceros_prevostii%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Helmet_vanga_%28Euryceros_prevostii%29.jpg/330px-Helmet_vanga_%28Euryceros_prevostii%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Helmet_vanga_%28Euryceros_prevostii%29.jpg/440px-Helmet_vanga_%28Euryceros_prevostii%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="760" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><a href="/wiki/Helmet_vanga" title="Helmet vanga">Helmet vanga</a> (<i>Euryceros prevostii</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Malaconotoidea" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Aves</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">Passeriformes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Infraorder: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Corvides" title="Corvides">Corvides</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Superfamily: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malaconotoidea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Families </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p>See text </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p>Malaconotidea </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>Malaconotoidea</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Taxonomic_rank" title="Taxonomic rank">superfamily</a> of <a href="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">passerine</a> birds. They contain a vast diversity of omnivorous and carnivorous <a href="/wiki/Songbird" title="Songbird">songbirds</a> widespread in Africa and Australia, many of which superficially resemble <a href="/wiki/Shrike" title="Shrike">shrikes</a>. It was defined and named by Cacraft and colleagues in 2004 and contains the <a href="/wiki/Bushshrike" title="Bushshrike">bushshrikes</a> (Malaconotidae), <a href="/wiki/Helmetshrike" title="Helmetshrike">helmetshrikes</a> (Prionopidae), <a href="/wiki/Iora" title="Iora">ioras</a> (Aegithinidae), <a href="/wiki/Vanga" title="Vanga">vangas</a> (Vangidae) and the Australian butcherbirds, magpies, currawongs and woodswallows (<a href="/wiki/Artamidae" title="Artamidae">Artamidae</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Molecular analysis in 2006 added the <a href="/wiki/Bornean_bristlehead" title="Bornean bristlehead">Bornean bristlehead</a> to the group, though its position in the Malconotoidea is unclear. It was initially thought related to the butcherbirds and woodswallows but now is thought to be an early offshoot.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, Jerome Fuchs and colleagues extensively analysed the Malaconotoidea (called by them Malaconotidea), using both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. The resulting tree suggested that the group originated in Australasia and prolifically diversified in Africa after an ancestor crossed to Africa between 45 and 33.7 million years ago during the late <a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene</a>. This is based on the basal position of group comprising the woodswallows and butcherbirds and allies and (most likely) the boatbills. Complicating the picture is that some Malaysian species such as the Bornean bristlehead, flycatcher-shrikes, the <i>Philentoma</i>s, and woodshrikes appear to be more closely related to African species.<sup id="cite_ref-fuchs_2012_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fuchs_2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A cladistic study of the bony characteristics of the skulls of various Malaconotoidea and relatives, and focussing on vangas, published in 2008, found broad agreement in the inclusion of woodswallows, butcherbirds and vangas in Malaconotoidea, but also yielded some results at odds with other studies—the <a href="/wiki/Red-backed_shrike" title="Red-backed shrike">red-backed shrike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crested_drongo" title="Crested drongo">crested drongo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magpie-lark" title="Magpie-lark">magpie-lark</a> were nested within the group. The authors conceded that there were not enough data to conclude these species should be placed here.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The superfamily contains eight families:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Machaerirhynchidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Machaerirhynchidae">Machaerirhynchidae</a> – boatbills</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artamidae" title="Artamidae">Artamidae</a> – woodswallows, butcherbirds, currawongs, and Australian magpie</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhagologidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhagologidae">Rhagologidae</a> – mottled berryhunter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaconotidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaconotidae">Malaconotidae</a> – puffback shrikes, bush shrikes, tchagras, and boubous</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pityriaseidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pityriaseidae">Pityriaseidae</a> – bristlehead</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegithinidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegithinidae">Aegithinidae</a> – ioras</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platysteiridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Platysteiridae">Platysteiridae</a> – wattle-eyes and batises</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vangidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Vangidae">Vangidae</a> – vangas</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaconotoidea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCracraft,_JoelBarker_F._KeithBraun,_MichaelHarshman,_John2004" class="citation book cs1">Cracraft, Joel, Barker F. Keith, Braun, Michael, Harshman, John, Dyke, Gareth J., Feinstein, Julie, Stanley, Scott, Cibois, Alice, Schikler, Peter, Beresford, Pamela, García-Moreno, Jaime, Sorenson, Michael D., Yuri, Tamaki, Mindell, David P. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6lXTP0YU6_kC&q=Malaconotoidea&pg=PA482">"Phylogenetic relationships among modern birds (Neornithes): toward an avian tree of life"</a>. In Cracraft J, Donoghue MJ (eds.). <i>Assembling the tree of life</i>. New York, New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 468–89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-517234-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-517234-5"><bdi>0-19-517234-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+relationships+among+modern+birds+%28Neornithes%29%3A+toward+an+avian+tree+of+life&rft.btitle=Assembling+the+tree+of+life&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=468-89&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-19-517234-5&rft.au=Cracraft%2C+Joel&rft.au=Barker+F.+Keith&rft.au=Braun%2C+Michael&rft.au=Harshman%2C+John&rft.au=Dyke%2C+Gareth+J.&rft.au=Feinstein%2C+Julie&rft.au=Stanley%2C+Scott&rft.au=Cibois%2C+Alice&rft.au=Schikler%2C+Peter&rft.au=Beresford%2C+Pamela&rft.au=Garc%C3%ADa-Moreno%2C+Jaime&rft.au=Sorenson%2C+Michael+D.&rft.au=Yuri%2C+Tamaki&rft.au=Mindell%2C+David+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6lXTP0YU6_kC%26q%3DMalaconotoidea%26pg%3DPA482&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaconotoidea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoyle,_Robert_G.Cracraft,_JoelLakim,_MaklarinNais,_Jamili2006" class="citation journal cs1">Moyle, Robert G.; Cracraft, Joel; Lakim, Maklarin; Nais, Jamili; <a href="/wiki/Fred_Sheldon_(ornithologist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred Sheldon (ornithologist)">Sheldon, Frederick H.</a> (2006). 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(2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6475423">"Earth history and the passerine superradiation"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States</i>. <b>116</b> (16): 7916–7925. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1813206116">10.1073/pnas.1813206116</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6475423">6475423</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30936315">30936315</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States&rft.atitle=Earth+history+and+the+passerine+superradiation&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=7916-7925&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6475423%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30936315&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1813206116&rft.aulast=Oliveros&rft.aufirst=C.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6475423&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaconotoidea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickinsonChristidis2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Dickinson" title="Edward C. 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Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. p. xxxvi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9568611-2-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9568611-2-2"><bdi>978-0-9568611-2-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Howard+%26+Moore+Complete+Checklist+of+the+Birds+of+the+World&rft.place=Eastbourne%2C+UK&rft.pages=xxxvi&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Aves+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-9568611-2-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaconotoidea" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaconotoidea&oldid=1170116003">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaconotoidea&oldid=1170116003</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bird_superfamilies" title="Category:Bird superfamilies">Bird superfamilies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Passeri" title="Category:Passeri">Passeri</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxonbars_without_primary_Wikidata_taxon_IDs" title="Category:Taxonbars without primary Wikidata taxon IDs">Taxonbars without primary Wikidata taxon IDs</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 August 2023, at 07:32<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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