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</a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_settlement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_settlement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Early settlement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resort_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resort_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Resort development </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resort_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amusement_park_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amusement_park_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Amusement park era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amusement_park_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 19th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2 Early 20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Residential_development_and_decline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Residential_development_and_decline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Residential development and decline </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Residential_development_and_decline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Robert_Moses_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Robert_Moses_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.1 Robert Moses era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Robert_Moses_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fred_Trump_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fred_Trump_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.2 Fred Trump era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fred_Trump_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late-1970s_attempts_at_restoration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late-1970s_attempts_at_restoration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.3 Late-1970s attempts at restoration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late-1970s_attempts_at_restoration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Revival </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bullard_deal,_Sportsplex,_and_KeySpan_Park" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bullard_deal,_Sportsplex,_and_KeySpan_Park"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.1 Bullard deal, Sportsplex, and KeySpan Park </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bullard_deal,_Sportsplex,_and_KeySpan_Park-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thor_Equities_ownership_and_rezoning_proposals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thor_Equities_ownership_and_rezoning_proposals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.2 Thor Equities ownership and rezoning proposals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thor_Equities_ownership_and_rezoning_proposals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Progress_on_expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Progress_on_expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.3 Progress on expansion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Progress_on_expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casino_proposal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casino_proposal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.4 Casino proposal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casino_proposal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oral_history_archive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oral_history_archive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Oral history archive </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oral_history_archive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amusement_parks_and_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amusement_parks_and_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Amusement parks and attractions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Amusement_parks_and_attractions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Amusement parks and attractions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Amusement_parks_and_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Rides </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_rides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_rides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Current rides </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_rides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_rides" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_rides"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.2 Former rides </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_rides-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beaches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beaches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Beaches </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beaches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Public parks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Other attractions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Demographics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Political representation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Police_and_crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Police_and_crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Police and crime </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Police_and_crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fire_safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fire_safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Fire safety </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fire_safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post_offices_and_ZIP_Codes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post_offices_and_ZIP_Codes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Post offices and ZIP Codes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post_offices_and_ZIP_Codes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elementary,_middle,_and_high_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elementary,_middle,_and_high_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Elementary, middle, and high schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elementary,_middle,_and_high_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_library" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_library"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Public library </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_library-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.2 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.3 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Coney Island</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" > 40 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Coney Island" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A2%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="كوني آيلاند – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوني آيلاند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island_(Nova_York)" title="Coney Island (Nova York) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Coney Island (Nova York)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island_(lungsod)" title="Coney Island (lungsod) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Coney Island (lungsod)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Coney Island" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Coney Island" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Coney Island" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Coney Island" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Coney Island" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Coney Island" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Coney Island" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulo_Coney" title="Insulo Coney – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Insulo Coney" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Coney Island" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="کنی آیلند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کنی آیلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Coney Island" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Coney Island" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84%EC%9D%BC%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C" title="코니아일랜드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코니아일랜드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island,_Brooklyn" title="Coney Island, Brooklyn – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Coney Island, Brooklyn" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Coney Island" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="קוני איילנד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוני איילנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98-%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="კონი-აილენდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კონი-აილენდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island_(Brooklyn)" title="Coney Island (Brooklyn) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Coney Island (Brooklyn)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98-%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="კონი-აილენდი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კონი-აილენდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="كونى ايلاند – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كونى ايلاند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island_(New_York)" title="Coney Island (New York) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Coney Island (New York)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="コニーアイランド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コニーアイランド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Coney Island" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Coney Island" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Coney Island" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Coney Island" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD)" title="Кони-Айленд (Бруклин) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кони-Айленд (Бруклин)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Coney Island" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Coney Island" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Coney Island" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Coney Island" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coney_Adas%C4%B1" title="Coney Adası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Coney Adası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96-%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4_(%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD)" 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coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coney_Island&params=40.575_N_73.9825_W_type:city(24711)">40°34′30″N 73°58′57″W / 40.5750°N 73.9825°W / 40.5750; -73.9825</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. 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.ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Coney Island</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_of_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Neighborhoods of Brooklyn">Neighborhood</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Coney_Island_beach_and_amusement_parks_(June_2016).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coney Island beach, amusement parks, and high-rises, as seen from the pier in June 2016"><img alt="Coney Island beach, amusement parks, and high-rises, as seen from the pier in June 2016" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Coney_Island_beach_and_amusement_parks_%28June_2016%29.jpg/300px-Coney_Island_beach_and_amusement_parks_%28June_2016%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Coney_Island_beach_and_amusement_parks_%28June_2016%29.jpg/450px-Coney_Island_beach_and_amusement_parks_%28June_2016%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Coney_Island_beach_and_amusement_parks_%28June_2016%29.jpg/600px-Coney_Island_beach_and_amusement_parks_%28June_2016%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Coney Island beach, amusement parks, and high-rises, as seen from the pier in June 2016</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">"Playground of the World"<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="12" data-overlays="["_e41da5de1f5e23f90bf153d5d22307a660897920"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,a,a,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Coney_Island&revid=1248447170&groups=_e41da5de1f5e23f90bf153d5d22307a660897920" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,a,a,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Coney_Island&revid=1248447170&groups=_e41da5de1f5e23f90bf153d5d22307a660897920 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location in New York City Note: red area overlaps with Sea Gate.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coney_Island&params=40.575_N_73.9825_W_type:city(24711)">40°34′30″N 73°58′57″W / 40.5750°N 73.9825°W / 40.5750; -73.9825</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Borough_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough (New York City)">Borough</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_Brooklyn" title="Community boards of Brooklyn">Community District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_13" title="Brooklyn Community Board 13">Brooklyn 13</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCPlanning-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settled</th><td class="infobox-data">17th century</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Dutch settlers</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1.790 km2 (0.691 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2010)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">24,711</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">14,000/km2 (36,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">Eastern</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%924" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−4">UTC−4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">11224</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_718,_347,_and_929" title="Area codes 718, 347, and 929">718, 347, 929</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Area_code_917" title="Area code 917">917</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Coney Island is a neighborhood and entertainment area in the southwestern section of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_borough" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City borough">New York City borough</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>. The neighborhood is bounded by <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Beach" title="Brighton Beach">Brighton Beach</a> to its east, <a href="/wiki/Lower_New_York_Bay" title="Lower New York Bay">Lower New York Bay</a> to the south and west, and <a href="/wiki/Gravesend,_Brooklyn" title="Gravesend, Brooklyn">Gravesend</a> to the north and includes the subsection of <a href="/wiki/Sea_Gate,_Brooklyn" title="Sea Gate, Brooklyn">Sea Gate</a> on its west. More broadly, the Coney Island peninsula consists of Coney Island proper, Brighton Beach, and Manhattan Beach. This was formerly the westernmost of the <a href="/wiki/Outer_Barrier" title="Outer Barrier">Outer Barrier</a> islands on the southern shore of <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, but in the early 20th century it became connected to the rest of Long Island by <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">land fill</a>. The origin of Coney Island's name is disputed, but the area was originally part of the colonial town of Gravesend. By the mid-19th century it had become a <a href="/wiki/Seaside_resort" title="Seaside resort">seaside resort</a>, and by the late 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Amusement_park" title="Amusement park">amusement parks</a> had also been built at the location. The attractions reached a historical peak during the first half of the 20th century. However, they declined in popularity after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and, following years of neglect, several structures were torn down. Various redevelopment projects were proposed for Coney Island in the 1970s through the 2000s, though most of these were not carried out.<a href="#cite_note-Denson_2011-3">[3]</a> The area was revitalized with the opening of the venue now known as <a href="/wiki/Maimonides_Park" title="Maimonides Park">Maimonides Park</a> in 2001 and several amusement rides starting in the 2010s. Coney Island had around 32,000 residents as of the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010 United States Census</a>. The neighborhood is ethnically diverse, and the neighborhood's poverty rate of 27% is slightly higher than that of the city as a whole. Coney Island is part of <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_13" title="Brooklyn Community Board 13">Brooklyn Community District 13</a>, and its primary <a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Code</a> is 11224.<a href="#cite_note-NYCPlanning-2">[2]</a> It is patrolled by the 60th Precinct of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">New York City Police Department</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYPD_60th_Precinct-4">[4]</a> Fire services are provided by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department" title="New York City Fire Department">New York City Fire Department</a>'s Engine 245/Ladder 161/Battalion 43 and Engine 318/Ladder 166.<a href="#cite_note-fdny-locs-5">[5]</a> Politically, Coney Island is represented by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Council" title="New York City Council">New York City Council</a>'s 47th District. The area is well served by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a> and local bus routes, and contains several public elementary and middle schools. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_climate">Geography and climate</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography and climate">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ConeyIslandAerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/ConeyIslandAerial.jpg/250px-ConeyIslandAerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/ConeyIslandAerial.jpg/375px-ConeyIslandAerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/ConeyIslandAerial.jpg/500px-ConeyIslandAerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2155" data-file-height="1460" /></a><figcaption>Viewed from the air; the Coney Island neighborhood occupies the western end of the Coney Island peninsula.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia of New York City">Encyclopedia of New York City</a> considers the area west of Ocean Parkway (including Sea Gate and <a href="/wiki/Nortons_Point_Light" class="mw-redirect" title="Nortons Point Light">Nortons Point Light</a>) to be part of the Coney Island neighborhood.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> The neighborhood is situated on the western portion of the Coney Island <a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">peninsula</a>, located on the western end of <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> lying to the west of the <a href="/wiki/Outer_Barrier" title="Outer Barrier">Outer Barrier</a> islands along Long Island's southern shore. The peninsula is about 4 miles (6.4 km) long and 0.5 miles (0.80 km) wide. It extends into <a href="/wiki/Lower_New_York_Bay" title="Lower New York Bay">Lower New York Bay</a> with <a href="/wiki/Sheepshead_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheepshead Bay">Sheepshead Bay</a> to its northeast, Gravesend Bay and <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Creek" title="Coney Island Creek">Coney Island Creek</a> to its northwest, and the main part of Brooklyn to its north. At its highest it is 7 feet (2.1 m) above sea level. Coney Island was formerly an actual island, separated from greater Brooklyn by Coney Island Creek, and was the westernmost of the Outer Barrier islands. A large section of the creek was filled in the 1920s and 1930s, turning the island into a peninsula.<a href="#cite_note-Kadinsky2016-7">[7]</a>: 200  The perimeter of Coney Island features manmade structures designed to maintain its current shape. The beaches are currently not a natural feature; the sand that is naturally supposed to replenish Coney Island is cut off by the <a href="/wiki/Jetty" title="Jetty">jetty</a> at <a href="/wiki/Breezy_Point,_Queens" title="Breezy Point, Queens">Breezy Point, Queens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYC.gov-ResilientNY-Ch17-9">[9]</a>: 337  Sand has been redeposited on the beaches via <a href="/wiki/Beach_nourishment" title="Beach nourishment">beach nourishment</a> since the construction of <a href="/wiki/Riegelmann_Boardwalk" title="Riegelmann Boardwalk">Riegelmann Boardwalk</a> in 1922–1923,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> and is held in place by around two dozen <a href="/wiki/Groyne" title="Groyne">groynes</a>. A large sand-replenishing project along Coney Island and Brighton Beach took place in the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-NYC.gov-ResilientNY-Ch17-9">[9]</a>: 337  Sheepshead Bay at the peninsula's northeast corner is, for the most part, enclosed in <a href="/wiki/Bulkhead_(barrier)" title="Bulkhead (barrier)">bulkheads</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYC.gov-ResilientNY-Ch17-9">[9]</a> Two major parks, <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Park" title="Kaiser Park">Kaiser Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Creek_Park" title="Coney Island Creek Park">Coney Island Creek Park</a>, are located on the northwest side of the peninsula along Coney Island Creek.<a href="#cite_note-NYC_Parks_Kaiser-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYC_Parks_CIC-12">[12]</a> A 2023 study found that Coney Island was sinking at a rate of about 2.6 ± 0.8 millimeters (0.102 ± 0.031 in) per year, making it among the fastest-sinking locations in New York City;<a href="#cite_note-Delaney_2024_f435-13">[13]</a> this is mainly because parts of the neighborhood were created by <a href="/wiki/Land_reclamation" title="Land reclamation">land reclamation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Delaney_2024_f435-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Coney Island has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (Cfa) and the <a href="/wiki/Hardiness_zone" title="Hardiness zone">hardiness zone</a> is 7b.<a href="#cite_note-plantmaps-15">[15]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:50%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Coney Island, Brooklyn </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70 (21) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73 (23) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83 (28) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93 (34) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98 (37) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99 (37) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">105 (41) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">101 (38) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98 (37) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91 (33) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80 (27) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75 (24) </td> <td style="background: #FF0300; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">105 (41) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 (4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42 (6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 (10) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60 (16) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70 (21) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79 (26) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84 (29) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83 (28) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76 (24) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65 (18) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 (12) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44 (7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">62 (17) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25 (−4) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27 (−3) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34 (1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43 (6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 (12) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63 (17) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69 (21) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67 (19) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60 (16) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 (9) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40 (4) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31 (−1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">47 (8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4 (−20) </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2 (−19) </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 (−14) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 (−7) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35 (2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44 (7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51 (11) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 (10) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 (4) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29 (−2) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17 (−8) </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1 (−18) </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−4 (−20) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #6CFF6C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.86 (98) </td> <td style="background: #82FF82; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.99 (76) </td> <td style="background: #65FF65; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.07 (103) </td> <td style="background: #61FF61; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.03 (102) </td> <td style="background: #58FF58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.40 (112) </td> <td style="background: #71FF71; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.61 (92) </td> <td style="background: #56FF56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.45 (113) </td> <td style="background: #61FF61; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.16 (106) </td> <td style="background: #5DFF5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.12 (105) </td> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.41 (87) </td> <td style="background: #68FF68; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.86 (98) </td> <td style="background: #75FF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.63 (92) </td> <td style="background: #69FF69; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46.56 (1,183) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #0101FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">6.7 (17) </td> <td style="background: #0000C7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">7.5 (19) </td> <td style="background: #6B6BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">3.9 (9.9) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 (1.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 (0.76) </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 (9.1) </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.7 (58) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="#cite_note-plantmaps-15">[15]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Name">edit</a>]</div> The original <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> inhabitants of the region, the <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a>, called this area Narrioch, possibly meaning "land without shadows"<a href="#cite_note-Solomon_1999-16">[16]</a> or "always in light"<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> in reference to its sunlit south-facing beaches. A second possible meaning is "point" or "corner of land".<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The "island" was originally several smaller historical islands, each being given a name by Dutch settlers, with the westernmost <a href="/wiki/Sand_spit" class="mw-redirect" title="Sand spit">sand spit</a> or point being given named Conyne Eylandt in early-17th-century Dutch maps, starting with the 1639 <a href="/wiki/Manatus_Map" title="Manatus Map">Manatus Map</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hunter-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> There is no clear historical consensus on how the island got the name "Coney Island", in regular use in the first half of the 19th century with the advent of regular ferry service to the island, but several theories have been put forward.<a href="#cite_note-Solomon_1999-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Name-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Henin-22">[22]</a>: 27  One possible etymology is from a <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native American</a> tribe, the Konoh or Konoi (the "Bear Band"), who once inhabited the island.<a href="#cite_note-Solomon_1999-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Name-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Henin-22">[22]</a>: 27  A second theory suggests that it was distortion of the name of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Henry Hudson</a>'s second mate on the <a href="/wiki/Halve_Maen" title="Halve Maen">Halve Maen</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Colman" title="John Colman">John Colman</a>, who was slain by natives on the 1609 expedition.<a href="#cite_note-Name-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-hunter-19">[19]</a> A third posits that late 18th century Irish captain Peter O'Connor named it after <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island,_County_Sligo" title="Coney Island, County Sligo">Coney Island in County Sligo</a>, Ireland, which has a rabbit population. In Irish 'coinín' (kun een) is the word used for a rabbit.<a href="#cite_note-Name-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Yet other theories suggest a Dutch etymology: one theory holds that the name had come from Conyn, the surname of a family of Dutch settlers who lived there,<a href="#cite_note-Name-21">[21]</a> and another suggests that it came from the Dutch word for <a href="/wiki/Rabbit" title="Rabbit">rabbit</a>, "konijn", derived from a purported large population of wild rabbits on the island".<a href="#cite_note-Name-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-van_der_Sijs_2009-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dutch_place_names-25">[25]</a> There is little evidence for each origin theory, and there are conflicts between the pieces of evidence that do exist.<a href="#cite_note-Name-21">[21]</a> The most popular idea is the translation of the Dutch word for "rabbit" into the English word <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coney#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:coney">coney</a>, but that has its detractors and counter explanations. In 1816 politician and U.S. Founding Father <a href="/wiki/Egbert_Benson" title="Egbert Benson">Egbert Benson</a> presented a treatise on New York place names and said it was "Conyn's Island", after the Dutch surname, and noted "there are already symptoms of the beginning of a tradition that it once abounded in Rabbits".<a href="#cite_note-Name-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Other historians claim that rabbits were introduced to the island only after it was settled.<a href="#cite_note-Henin-22">[22]</a>: 27–28  The 19th century also saw the heavily Irish New York <a href="/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall">Tammany Hall</a> political machine controlling development of the island, and they may have gotten the name from the island in County Sligo rather than any tale of a rabbit population.<a href="#cite_note-Name-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_settlement">Early settlement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early settlement">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_da_Verrazzano" title="Giovanni da Verrazzano">Giovanni da Verrazzano</a> was the first European explorer to sight the island of Narrioch during his expeditions to the area in 1527 and 1529. He was subsequently followed by Henry Hudson.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated34-28">[28]</a>: 34  <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Janszoon_van_Salee" title="Anthony Janszoon van Salee">Anthony Janszoon van Salee</a> was the first New Netherland settler to acquire land adjacent to Coney Island, in 1639.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The Native American population in the area dwindled as the Dutch settlement grew and the entire southern tier of present-day Brooklyn, from <a href="/wiki/Gowanus_Creek" class="mw-redirect" title="Gowanus Creek">Gowanus Creek</a> to Coney Island to <a href="/wiki/Gerritsen_Creek" title="Gerritsen Creek">Gerritsen Creek</a>, was purchased in 1645 from the Native Americans in exchange for goods.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The goods were not recorded in the deed, but later accounts mention a gun, a blanket, and a kettle.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> In 1644, a colonist named Guysbert Op Dyck was given a <a href="/wiki/Land_patent" title="Land patent">land patent</a> for 88 acres of land in what became the town of <a href="/wiki/Gravesend,_Brooklyn" title="Gravesend, Brooklyn">Gravesend</a>, on the southwestern shore of Brooklyn.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> The land patent included Conyne Island, an island just off the southwestern shore of the town of Gravesend, as well as Conyne Hook, a peninsula just east of the island. Both became part of Gravesend when its first town charter was granted a year later, in 1645.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated34-28">[28]</a>: 4 <a href="#cite_note-bde19360810-34">[34]</a> East of Conyne Hook was the largest section of island called Gysbert's, Guysbert's, or Guisbert's Island (also called Johnson Island), containing most of the arable land and extending east through today's <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Beach" title="Brighton Beach">Brighton Beach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Beach,_Brooklyn" title="Manhattan Beach, Brooklyn">Manhattan Beach</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated34-28">[28]</a>: 34 <a href="#cite_note-Ierardi-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-heartofconeyisland1-36">[36]</a> This was officially the first official real estate transaction for the island.<a href="#cite_note-bde19360810-34">[34]</a> Op Dyck never occupied his land, and in 1661 he sold it off to Dick De Wolf. The land's new owner banned Gravesend residents from using Guisbert's Island and built a salt-works on the land, provoking outrage among Gravesend livestock herders. New Amsterdam was transferred to the English in 1664, and four years later, the English Governor created a new charter for Gravesend that excluded Coney Island. Subsequently, Guisbert's Island was divided into plots meted out to several dozen settlers. However, in 1685, the island became part of Gravesend again as a result of a new charter with the Native Americans.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated34-28">[28]</a>: 36  <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coney_Island_(Detail)_Chart_of_the_entrance_of_Hudson%27s_River,_from_Sandy_Hook_to_New_York_-_with_the_banks,_depths_of_water,_sailing-marks,_%26ca_(NYPL_b14099970-1222740).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Coney_Island_%28Detail%29_Chart_of_the_entrance_of_Hudson%27s_River%2C_from_Sandy_Hook_to_New_York_-_with_the_banks%2C_depths_of_water%2C_sailing-marks%2C_%26ca_%28NYPL_b14099970-1222740%29.png/600px-thumbnail.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Coney_Island_%28Detail%29_Chart_of_the_entrance_of_Hudson%27s_River%2C_from_Sandy_Hook_to_New_York_-_with_the_banks%2C_depths_of_water%2C_sailing-marks%2C_%26ca_%28NYPL_b14099970-1222740%29.png/900px-thumbnail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Coney_Island_%28Detail%29_Chart_of_the_entrance_of_Hudson%27s_River%2C_from_Sandy_Hook_to_New_York_-_with_the_banks%2C_depths_of_water%2C_sailing-marks%2C_%26ca_%28NYPL_b14099970-1222740%29.png/1200px-thumbnail.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="875" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Detail of a 1776 nautical chart showing the collection of islands and shifting sand that eventually became present-day Coney Island</div></figcaption></figure> At the time of European settlement, the land that makes up the present-day Coney Island was divided across several separate islands. All of these islands were part of the <a href="/wiki/Outer_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Outer barrier">outer barrier</a> on the southern shore of Long Island, and their land areas and boundaries changed frequently.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated34-28">[28]</a>: 34  Only the westernmost island was called Coney Island; it currently makes up part of <a href="/wiki/Sea_Gate,_Brooklyn" title="Sea Gate, Brooklyn">Sea Gate</a>. At the time, it was a 1.25-mile shifting <a href="/wiki/Spit_(landform)" title="Spit (landform)">sandspit</a> with a detached island at its western end extending into Lower New York Bay.<a href="#cite_note-hunter-19">[19]</a> In a 1679–1680 journal, <a href="/wiki/Jasper_Danckaerts" title="Jasper Danckaerts">Jasper Danckaerts</a> and Peter Sluyter noted that "Conijnen Eylandt" was fully separated from the rest of Brooklyn. The explorers observed that "Nobody lives upon it, but it is used in winter for keeping cattle, horses, oxen, hogs and others."<a href="#cite_note-hunter-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated34-28">[28]</a>: 36  By the early 18th century, the town of Gravesend was periodically granting seven-year-long leases to freeholders, who would then have the exclusive use of Coney Hook and Coney Island. In 1734, a road to Coney Hook was laid out.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated34-28">[28]</a>: 37  Thomas Stillwell, a prominent Gravesend resident who was the freeholder for Coney Island and Coney Hook at the time, proposed to build a ditch through Coney Hook so it would be easier for his cattle to graze. He convinced several friends in the nearby town of <a href="/wiki/Jamaica,_Queens" title="Jamaica, Queens">Jamaica</a> to help him in this effort, telling them that the creation of such a ditch would allow them to ship goods from <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Bay" title="Jamaica Bay">Jamaica Bay</a> to <a href="/wiki/New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">New York Harbor</a> without having to venture out into the ocean.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated34-28">[28]</a>: 37  In 1750, the "Jamaica Ditch" was dug through Coney Hook from Brown's Creek in the west to Hubbard's Creek in the east.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated34-28">[28]</a>: 34 <a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> The creation of the canal turned Coney Hook into a detached 0.5-mile-long (0.80 km) island called Pine Island, so named due to the woods on it.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated34-28">[28]</a>: 34  Each island was separated by an <a href="/wiki/Inlet" title="Inlet">inlet</a> that could only be crossed at low tide. By the end of the 18th century, the ongoing shifting of sand along the barrier islands had closed up the inlets to the point that residents began filling them in and joining them as one island. Development of Coney Island was slow until the 19th century due to land disputes, the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>.<a href="#cite_note-heartofconeyisland1-36">[36]</a> Coney Island was so remote that <a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a> wrote <a href="/wiki/Moby-Dick" title="Moby-Dick">Moby-Dick</a> on the island in 1849, and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Daniel Webster</a> discussed the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a> at the island the next year.<a href="#cite_note-bn19570601-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resort_development">Resort development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Resort development">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Railroad_Station,_Coney_Island,_Brooklyn,_ca._1872-1887._(5832942813)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Railroad_Station%2C_Coney_Island%2C_Brooklyn%2C_ca._1872-1887._%285832942813%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Railroad_Station%2C_Coney_Island%2C_Brooklyn%2C_ca._1872-1887._%285832942813%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Railroad_Station%2C_Coney_Island%2C_Brooklyn%2C_ca._1872-1887._%285832942813%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Railroad_Station%2C_Coney_Island%2C_Brooklyn%2C_ca._1872-1887._%285832942813%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Railroad_Station%2C_Coney_Island%2C_Brooklyn%2C_ca._1872-1887._%285832942813%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Railroad_Station%2C_Coney_Island%2C_Brooklyn%2C_ca._1872-1887._%285832942813%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1063" data-file-height="559" /></a><figcaption>Railroad station in Coney Island, Brooklyn, c. 1872–1887</figcaption></figure> In 1824, the Gravesend and Coney Island Road and Bridge Company built the first bridge across Jamaica Ditch (by now known as Coney Island Creek), connecting the island with the mainland. The company also built a shell road across the island to the beaches.<a href="#cite_note-heartofconeyisland1-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-bde19390305-39">[39]</a> In 1829, the company also built the first hotel on the island: the Coney Island House, near present-day Sea Gate.<a href="#cite_note-bde19390305-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Phalen2016-40">[40]</a>: 8 <a href="#cite_note-PBS-41">[41]</a> Due to Coney Island's proximity to <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> and other boroughs, and its simultaneous relative distance from the city of Brooklyn to provide the illusion of a proper vacation, it began attracting vacationers in the 1830s and 1840s, assisted by carriage roads and steamship service that reduced travel time from a formerly half-day journey to two hours.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a>: 15  Most of the vacationers were wealthy and went by carriage. Inventor <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Colt" title="Samuel Colt">Samuel Colt</a> built an observation tower on the peninsula in 1845, but he abandoned the project soon after.<a href="#cite_note-PBS-41">[41]</a> In 1847, the middle class started going to Coney Island upon the introduction of a ferry line to Norton's Point—named during the mid-1870s after hotel owner <a href="/wiki/Michael_Norton_(New_York_state_senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Norton (New York state senator)">Michael Norton</a>—at the western portion of the peninsula. Gang activity started as well, with one 1870s writer noting that going to Coney Island could result in losing money and even lives.<a href="#cite_note-PBS-41">[41]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn,_Bath_and_Coney_Island_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn, Bath and Coney Island Railroad">Brooklyn, Bath and Coney Island Railroad</a> became the first railroad to reach Coney Island when it opened in 1864,<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-Our_Brooklyn_1936-44">[44]</a> and it was completed in 1867.<a href="#cite_note-Cudahy_2009-45">[45]</a>: 71  Over the next 13 years, four more railroads were built specifically to transport visitors to Coney Island; this was part of a larger national trend toward <a href="/wiki/Trolley_park" title="Trolley park">trolley park</a> development.<a href="#cite_note-Cross_Walton_2005-46">[46]</a>: 14  In 1868, William A. Engeman built a resort in the area.<a href="#cite_note-Coney_Island_Hotels-47">[47]</a> The resort was given the name "<a href="/wiki/Brighton_Beach" title="Brighton Beach">Brighton Beach</a>" in 1878 by <a href="/wiki/Henry_C._Murphy" title="Henry C. Murphy">Henry C. Murphy</a> and a group of businessmen, who chose the name as an allusion to the English resort city of <a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Our_Brooklyn_1936-44">[44]</a> With the help of Gravesend's surveyor <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Stillwell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Stillwell (page does not exist)">William Stillwell</a>, Engeman acquired all 39 lots for the relatively low cost of $20,000.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Phalen2016-40">[40]</a>: 38  This 460-by-210-foot (140 by 64 m) hotel, with rooms for up to 5,000 people nightly and meals for up to 20,000 people daily, was close to the then-rundown western Coney Island, so it was mostly the upper middle class that went to this hotel.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The 400-foot (120 m), double-decker Brighton Beach Bathing Pavilion was also built nearby and opened in 1878, with the capacity for 1,200 bathers.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Phalen2016-40">[40]</a>: 38 <a href="#cite_note-Our_Brooklyn_1936-44">[44]</a> Hotel Brighton, also known as the Brighton Beach Hotel, was situated on the beach at what is now the foot of <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Avenue" title="Coney Island Avenue">Coney Island Avenue</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Coney_Island_Hotels-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-NY1900-52">[52]</a>: 248  The <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn,_Flatbush,_and_Coney_Island_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn, Flatbush, and Coney Island Railway">Brooklyn, Flatbush, and Coney Island Railway</a>, the predecessor to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a>'s present-day <a href="/wiki/BMT_Brighton_Line" title="BMT Brighton Line">Brighton Line</a>, opened on July 2, 1878, and provided access to the hotel.<a href="#cite_note-NYCS_2001-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-Phalen2016-40">[40]</a>: 38 <a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Simultaneously, wealthy banker <a href="/wiki/Austin_Corbin" title="Austin Corbin">Austin Corbin</a> was developing adjacent <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Beach,_Brooklyn" title="Manhattan Beach, Brooklyn">Manhattan Beach</a> after being interested in the area during a trip to the beach to heal his sick son.<a href="#cite_note-Coney_Island_Hotels-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Features_2013-55">[55]</a> Corbin, who worked on <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a> and had many <a href="/wiki/Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Railroad">railroad</a> investments, built the <a href="/wiki/New_York_and_Manhattan_Beach_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="New York and Manhattan Beach Railway">New York and Manhattan Beach Railway</a> for his two luxury shoreline hotels. These hotels were used by the wealthy upper class, who would not go to Brighton Beach because of its proximity to Coney Island.<a href="#cite_note-Coney_Island_Hotels-47">[47]</a> The 150-room Manhattan Beach Hotel—which was designed by <a href="/wiki/J._Pickering_Putnam" title="J. Pickering Putnam">J. Pickering Putnam</a> and contained restaurants, ballrooms, and shops—was opened for business in July 1877 at a ceremony presided over by President <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Features_2013-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> The similarly prodigal Oriental Hotel, which hosted rooms for wealthy families staying for extended periods, was opened in August 1880.<a href="#cite_note-Features_2013-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_R._Culver" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew R. Culver">Andrew R. Culver</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/Prospect_Park_and_Coney_Island_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Prospect Park and Coney Island Railroad">Prospect Park and Coney Island Railroad</a>,<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> had built the <a href="/wiki/Culver_Line_(surface)" title="Culver Line (surface)">Culver Line</a> steam railway to West Brighton in 1875,<a href="#cite_note-NY1900-52">[52]</a>: 248  before Corbin and Engeman had even built their railroads. For 35 cents, one could ride the Prospect Park & Coney Island Railroad to the <a href="/wiki/Culver_Depot" title="Culver Depot">Culver Depot</a> terminal at Surf Avenue.<a href="#cite_note-Coney_Island_Hotels-47">[47]</a> Across the street from the terminal, the 300-foot (91 m) Iron Tower (also known as the Centennial Observatory), bought from the <a href="/wiki/1876_Philadelphia_Exposition" class="mw-redirect" title="1876 Philadelphia Exposition">1876 Philadelphia Exposition</a>, provided patrons with a bird's-eye view of the coast. The nearby "Camera Obscura" similarly used mirrors and lens to provide a panoramic view of the area.<a href="#cite_note-Coney_Island_Hotels-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Immerso2002-59">[59]</a>: 22–23  Coney Island became a major resort destination after the Civil War as excursion <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">railroads</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_%26_Brooklyn_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Coney Island & Brooklyn Railroad">Coney Island & Brooklyn Railroad</a> <a href="/wiki/Streetcar_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Streetcar line">streetcar line</a> reached the area in the 1860s and 1870s, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Steamboat_Company" title="Iron Steamboat Company">Iron Steamboat Company</a> ferry to Manhattan in 1881.<a href="#cite_note-Phalen2016-40">[40]</a>: 29 <a href="#cite_note-Cudahy_2009-45">[45]</a>: 64  The 150-suite Cable Hotel was built nearby in 1875.<a href="#cite_note-NYCS_2001-53">[53]</a> Next to it, on a 12-acre (4.9 ha) piece of land leased by James Voorhies, <a href="/wiki/Maitre_d%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Maitre d'">maitre d'</a> Paul Bauer built the western peninsula's largest hotel, which opened in 1876.<a href="#cite_note-Coney_Island_Hotels-47">[47]</a> By the turn of the century, Victorian hotels, private bathhouses, and <a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville</a> theaters were a common sight on Coney Island.<a href="#cite_note-DeSenaShortell2012-60">[60]</a>: 147  The three resort areas—Brighton Beach, Manhattan Beach and West Brighton—competed with each other for clientele. By the early 1900s, West Brighton had gradually become the most popular destination, and as such, became associated with the lively amusement area of Coney Island.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cross_Walton_2005-46">[46]</a>: 14–15  In the 1890s, Norton's Point on the western side of Coney Island was developed into <a href="/wiki/Sea_Gate,_Brooklyn" title="Sea Gate, Brooklyn">Sea Gate</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Gated_community" title="Gated community">gated</a> summer community that catered mainly to the wealthy.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> A private yacht carried visitors directly from <a href="/wiki/The_Battery_(Manhattan)" title="The Battery (Manhattan)">the Battery</a> at the southern tip of Manhattan Island. Notable tenants within the community included the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Yacht_Club" title="Atlantic Yacht Club">Atlantic Yacht Club</a>, which built a <a href="/wiki/Colonial_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial style">colonial style</a> house along the waterfront.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amusement_park_era">Amusement park era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Amusement park era">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_Lagoon_at_Foot_of_Chutes,_Luna_Park,_Coney_Island,_NY.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Main_Lagoon_at_Foot_of_Chutes%2C_Luna_Park%2C_Coney_Island%2C_NY.jpg/220px-Main_Lagoon_at_Foot_of_Chutes%2C_Luna_Park%2C_Coney_Island%2C_NY.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Main_Lagoon_at_Foot_of_Chutes%2C_Luna_Park%2C_Coney_Island%2C_NY.jpg/330px-Main_Lagoon_at_Foot_of_Chutes%2C_Luna_Park%2C_Coney_Island%2C_NY.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Main_Lagoon_at_Foot_of_Chutes%2C_Luna_Park%2C_Coney_Island%2C_NY.jpg/440px-Main_Lagoon_at_Foot_of_Chutes%2C_Luna_Park%2C_Coney_Island%2C_NY.jpg 2x" data-file-width="822" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>One of the large parks, Luna Park, Main Lagoon, 1907</figcaption></figure> Between about 1880 and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Coney Island was the largest amusement area in the United States, attracting several million visitors per year. Its development as an amusement area was concurrent with the erection of urban amusement parks elsewhere in the United States, which changed amusement from a passive to an active concept.<a href="#cite_note-Kasson_2011-65">[65]</a>: 7, 8  Of these amusement areas, Coney Island was the largest. At its height, it contained three competing major amusement parks—<a href="/wiki/Luna_Park_(Coney_Island,_1903)" title="Luna Park (Coney Island, 1903)">Luna Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dreamland_(Coney_Island,_1904)" title="Dreamland (Coney Island, 1904)">Dreamland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Steeplechase_Park" title="Steeplechase Park">Steeplechase Park</a>—as well as many independent amusements.<a href="#cite_note-DeSenaShortell2012-60">[60]</a>: 147–150 <a href="#cite_note-Parascandola_2014-66">[66]</a>: 11 <a href="#cite_note-Kasson_2011-65">[65]</a>: 4  The area was also the center of new technological events and innovations including electric lights, roller coasters, and <a href="/wiki/Baby_incubator" class="mw-redirect" title="Baby incubator">baby incubators</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DeSenaShortell2012-60">[60]</a>: 147  By the first decade of the 20th century, Coney Island was seen as a top getaway and "a symbol of Americans' increasing pride".<a href="#cite_note-Parascandola_2014-66">[66]</a>: 21–22  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="19th_century">19th century</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 19th century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_first_carousel_and_amusement_ride_at_Coney_Island_was_hand-carved_and_built_by_Danish_carver,_Charles_I._D._Looff_and_installed_at_Mrs._Lucy_Vanderveer%27s_Bathing_Pavilion_in_1876.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/The_first_carousel_and_amusement_ride_at_Coney_Island_was_hand-carved_and_built_by_Danish_carver%2C_Charles_I._D._Looff_and_installed_at_Mrs._Lucy_Vanderveer%27s_Bathing_Pavilion_in_1876.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/The_first_carousel_and_amusement_ride_at_Coney_Island_was_hand-carved_and_built_by_Danish_carver%2C_Charles_I._D._Looff_and_installed_at_Mrs._Lucy_Vanderveer%27s_Bathing_Pavilion_in_1876.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/The_first_carousel_and_amusement_ride_at_Coney_Island_was_hand-carved_and_built_by_Danish_carver%2C_Charles_I._D._Looff_and_installed_at_Mrs._Lucy_Vanderveer%27s_Bathing_Pavilion_in_1876.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1265" data-file-height="826" /></a><figcaption>First Coney Island Charles Looff carousel</figcaption></figure> By the late 1870s, Coney Island's hotels had drawn people from many different social classes, and attractions were being built.<a href="#cite_note-Immerso2002-59">[59]</a>: 30  When the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Rapid_Transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooklyn Rapid Transit">Brooklyn Rapid Transit</a> Company electrified the steam railroads and connected Brooklyn to <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Brooklyn Bridge</a> at the beginning of the 20th century, Coney Island turned rapidly from a resort to an accessible location for day-trippers seeking to escape the summer heat in New York City's <a href="/wiki/Apartment_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Apartment building">tenements</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYCS_2001-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-Matus,_Paul-67">[67]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_I._D._Looff" title="Charles I. D. Looff">Charles I. D. Looff</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Danish</a> <a href="/wiki/Wood_carving" title="Wood carving">woodcarver</a>, built the first carousel and amusement ride at Coney Island in 1876, at Lucy Vandeveer's bath-house complex at West 6th Street and Surf Avenue. Looff personally hand-carved the designs into the carousel.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Looff subsequently commissioned another carousel at Feltman's Ocean Pavilion in 1880.<a href="#cite_note-Immerso2002-59">[59]</a>: 88  Another early attraction was the Seaside Aquarium, which operated from 1877 to 1887 and included aquatic exhibits, aviaries, zoo attractions, and various sideshows.<a href="#cite_note-Immerso2002-59">[59]</a>: 31 <a href="#cite_note-Cross_Walton_2005-46">[46]</a>: 15  The earliest rides, including Looff's first carousel and the Seaside Aquarium, were located at the Centennial Observatory's site.<a href="#cite_note-Immerso2002-59">[59]</a>: 32  The first sideshows and fireworks displays came to Coney Island in 1883, and combined with constant musical performances, brought increased excitement to the area.<a href="#cite_note-Immerso2002-59">[59]</a>: 34–37  The very first <a href="/wiki/Roller_coaster" title="Roller coaster">roller coaster</a> at Coney Island was the <a href="/wiki/Switchback_Railway" title="Switchback Railway">Switchback Railway</a>, a gravity coaster installed by <a href="/wiki/LaMarcus_Adna_Thompson" title="LaMarcus Adna Thompson">LaMarcus Adna Thompson</a> at West 10th Street in 1884. Nearby was the <a href="/wiki/Elephantine_Colossus" title="Elephantine Colossus">Elephantine Colossus</a>, a seven-story building (including a <a href="/wiki/Brothel" title="Brothel">brothel</a>) in the shape of an elephant, which opened the following year.<a href="#cite_note-Immerso2002-59">[59]</a>: 38–39  Until its demolition in 1896, the elephant was the first sight to greet immigrants arriving in New York, who would see it before they saw the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Immerso2002-59">[59]</a>: 40–42 <a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Next to be developed were horse-racing tracks, and by 1890, Coney Island had three tracks: <a href="/wiki/Sheepshead_Bay_Race_Track" title="Sheepshead Bay Race Track">Sheepshead Bay Race Track</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Beach_Race_Course" title="Brighton Beach Race Course">Brighton Beach Race Course</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gravesend_Race_Track" title="Gravesend Race Track">Gravesend Race Track</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Immerso2002-59">[59]</a>: 46 <a href="#cite_note-NY1900-52">[52]</a>: 248  <a href="/wiki/Julian_Ralph" title="Julian Ralph">Julian Ralph</a> described Coney Island in 1896 as "the first made-to-order resort in America", with many businesses having "leaped from nothing into full fledged perfection".<a href="#cite_note-NY1900-52">[52]</a>: 248  However, crime and corruption in Coney Island were prevalent. The main leader of this corruption was John Y. McKane, who ran prizefighting rings behind the elephant until he was arrested and sentenced in 1894.<a href="#cite_note-Immerso2002-59">[59]</a>: 48–51 <a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> The development of amusement rides in Coney Island intensified in the 1890s with the opening of amusement parks. The first such park was <a href="/wiki/Sea_Lion_Park" title="Sea Lion Park">Sea Lion Park</a>, which operated from 1895 to 1902 and was the first amusement park to charge entry fees. Sea Lion Park's opening spurred the construction of <a href="/wiki/George_C._Tilyou" title="George C. Tilyou">George C. Tilyou</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Steeplechase_Park" title="Steeplechase Park">Steeplechase Park</a>, which opened in 1897.<a href="#cite_note-Parascandola_2014-66">[66]</a>: 12 <a href="#cite_note-NY1900-52">[52]</a>: 249 <a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> The Coney Island "Funny Face" logo, which is still extant, dates to the early days of Steeplechase Park.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1879_Coney_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/1879_Coney_Island.jpg/800px-1879_Coney_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/1879_Coney_Island.jpg/1200px-1879_Coney_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/1879_Coney_Island.jpg/1600px-1879_Coney_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4434" data-file-height="930" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Map of Coney Island in 1879</div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_20th_century">Early 20th century</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Early 20th century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dreamland_Park_at_Coney_Island,_c._1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Dreamland_Park_at_Coney_Island%2C_c._1905.jpg/220px-Dreamland_Park_at_Coney_Island%2C_c._1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Dreamland_Park_at_Coney_Island%2C_c._1905.jpg/330px-Dreamland_Park_at_Coney_Island%2C_c._1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Dreamland_Park_at_Coney_Island%2C_c._1905.jpg/440px-Dreamland_Park_at_Coney_Island%2C_c._1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2885" /></a><figcaption>Dreamland, one of the three large parks, c. 1905</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Potthast-coney-island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Potthast-coney-island.jpg/220px-Potthast-coney-island.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Potthast-coney-island.jpg/330px-Potthast-coney-island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Potthast-coney-island.jpg/440px-Potthast-coney-island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1249" data-file-height="863" /></a><figcaption>Coney Island, c. 1914, by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Henry_Potthast" title="Edward Henry Potthast">Edward Henry Potthast</a></figcaption></figure> The first decade of the 20th century saw two more large amusement parks. <a href="/wiki/Luna_Park_(Coney_Island,_1903)" title="Luna Park (Coney Island, 1903)">Luna Park</a> opened in 1903 on the site of Sea Lion Park, which had closed the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-NY1900-52">[52]</a>: 249 <a href="#cite_note-Immerso2002-59">[59]</a>: 60–61  The park contained a variety of attractions and exotic landscaping, lit by electricity at night;<a href="#cite_note-NY1900-52">[52]</a>: 249–250  its flagship ride was <a href="/wiki/A_Trip_to_the_Moon_(attraction)" title="A Trip to the Moon (attraction)">A Trip to the Moon</a>, an attraction based on <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a>'s novel <a href="/wiki/From_the_Earth_to_the_Moon" title="From the Earth to the Moon">From the Earth to the Moon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Immerso2002-59">[59]</a>: 62  The following year saw the opening of <a href="/wiki/Dreamland_(Coney_Island,_1904)" title="Dreamland (Coney Island, 1904)">Dreamland</a>, which reproduced many attractions at Luna Park, but at a grander scale, with a large central tower and lagoon, a sunken plaza, and one million electric lights.<a href="#cite_note-NY1900-52">[52]</a>: 250 <a href="#cite_note-Immerso2002-59">[59]</a>: 68–69 <a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Additionally, the City of New York made efforts to condemn all buildings and piers built south of Surf Avenue in an effort to reclaim the beach and create a boardwalk, though the local amusement community opposed the move.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Eventually, the city government and the community reached an agreement mandating that the beach did not begin until 1,000 feet (300 m) south of Surf Avenue and that the territory would be marked by a city-owned boardwalk. In return, the city would demolish any structures built upon public streets to reclaim beach access.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> The original resorts lost patronage after horse racing in New York state was outlawed in 1909, but the amusement areas still saw significant patronage.<a href="#cite_note-NY1900-52">[52]</a>: 249  In 1915, the <a href="/wiki/BMT_Sea_Beach_Line" title="BMT Sea Beach Line">Sea Beach Line</a> was upgraded to a <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">subway</a> line, followed by the other former excursion roads, and the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island%E2%80%93Stillwell_Avenue_(New_York_City_Subway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue (New York City Subway)">Stillwell Avenue</a> station in 1919 ushered in Coney Island's busiest era.<a href="#cite_note-NYCS_2001-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-Matus,_Paul-67">[67]</a> On the busiest summer days, over a million people would travel to Coney Island. This created tensions between longtime New York City residents and more recent immigrants who liked to patronize Coney Island.<a href="#cite_note-Parascandola_2014-66">[66]</a>: 23  One of the entrepreneurs who took advantage of the increased visitor counts was <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Handwerker" title="Nathan Handwerker">Nathan Handwerker</a>, who in 1916 started selling hot dogs at Coney Island for a nickel each, and eventually expanded his enterprise into the <a href="/wiki/Nathan%27s_Famous" title="Nathan's Famous">Nathan's Famous</a> hot dog chain.<a href="#cite_note-bn19570601-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-Parascandola_2014-66">[66]</a>: 22–23  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_-_Coney_Island_-_NARA_-_68145925.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/New_York_-_Coney_Island_-_NARA_-_68145925.jpg/220px-New_York_-_Coney_Island_-_NARA_-_68145925.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/New_York_-_Coney_Island_-_NARA_-_68145925.jpg/330px-New_York_-_Coney_Island_-_NARA_-_68145925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/New_York_-_Coney_Island_-_NARA_-_68145925.jpg/440px-New_York_-_Coney_Island_-_NARA_-_68145925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7036" data-file-height="5467" /></a><figcaption>Coney Island in 1920</figcaption></figure> Coney Island's development as an amusement area continued through the end of World War II. The opening of the <a href="/wiki/Wonder_Wheel" title="Wonder Wheel">Wonder Wheel</a> in 1920; the <a href="/wiki/Riegelmann_Boardwalk" title="Riegelmann Boardwalk">Riegelmann Boardwalk</a> in 1923; the <a href="/wiki/Shore_Theater" title="Shore Theater">Shore Theater</a> in 1925; several roller coasters in the 1920s including the <a href="/wiki/Tornado_(Coney_Island)" title="Tornado (Coney Island)">Tornado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(1925_roller_coaster)" title="Thunderbolt (1925 roller coaster)">Thunderbolt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Cyclone" title="Coney Island Cyclone">Coney Island Cyclone</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Parachute_Jump" title="Parachute Jump">Parachute Jump</a> in 1941 contributed to the area's quality as an amusement destination. In particular, the Riegelmann Boardwalk enabled the crowds to be dispersed away from Surf Avenue, the main west–east avenue in the area.<a href="#cite_note-DeSenaShortell2012-60">[60]</a>: 147 <a href="#cite_note-Parascandola_2014-66">[66]</a>: 23–24  Despite staff shortages during World War II, Coney Island retained its popularity and was frequented by <a href="/wiki/Military_personnel" title="Military personnel">military personnel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steeplechase_Park_Coney_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Steeplechase_Park_Coney_Island.jpg/220px-Steeplechase_Park_Coney_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Steeplechase_Park_Coney_Island.jpg/330px-Steeplechase_Park_Coney_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Steeplechase_Park_Coney_Island.jpg/440px-Steeplechase_Park_Coney_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="674" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption>Steeplechase Park, 1905</figcaption></figure> The era was also marked by frequent fires, and those at the beginning of the 20th century were particularly destructive.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19320714-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-esg19320714-79">[79]</a> A 1907 fire at Steeplechase Park<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> resulted in the park having to be completely rebuilt.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Dreamland burned down in 1911<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> and was never rebuilt.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19320714-78">[78]</a> One of the largest conflagrations at Coney Island, which occurred in 1932,<a href="#cite_note-nyt19320714-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-esg19320714-79">[79]</a> left at least a thousand people homeless.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> The early 20th century additionally saw the infilling of a portion of the 3-mile-long (4.8 km) <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Creek" title="Coney Island Creek">Coney Island Creek</a>, thereby connecting Coney Island to the rest of Brooklyn. In the previous decades, there had been plans to dredge and straighten the creek as a <a href="/wiki/Ship_canal" title="Ship canal">ship canal</a>, which were later abandoned. By 1924, local landowners and the city had filled a portion of the creek.<a href="#cite_note-NYC.gov-ResilientNY-Ch17-9">[9]</a>: 337 <a href="#cite_note-Kadinsky2016-7">[7]</a>: 200  A major section of the creek was further filled in to allow construction of the <a href="/wiki/Belt_Parkway" title="Belt Parkway">Belt Parkway</a> in the 1930s, and the western and eastern ends of the island became peninsulas.<a href="#cite_note-Kadinsky2016-7">[7]</a>: 200  More fill was added in 1962 during the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Verrazzano-Narrows_Bridge" title="Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge">Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Residential_development_and_decline">Residential development and decline</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Residential development and decline">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Robert_Moses_era">Robert Moses era</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Robert Moses era">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Coney_Island_%28ca._1940s%29.ogv/220px-seek%3D44-Coney_Island_%28ca._1940s%29.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="560" data-mwtitle="Coney_Island_(ca._1940s).ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Coney_Island_(ca._1940s).ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Coney_Island_%28ca._1940s%29.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="400" data-height="300" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/Coney_Island_%28ca._1940s%29.ogv/Coney_Island_%28ca._1940s%29.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="400" data-height="300" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/Coney_Island_%28ca._1940s%29.ogv/Coney_Island_%28ca._1940s%29.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/Coney_Island_%28ca._1940s%29.ogv/Coney_Island_%28ca._1940s%29.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AConey_Island_%28ca._1940s%29.ogv&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption>Coney Island, c. 1940</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Coney_Island_Bathers_-_Irving_Underhill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Coney_Island_Bathers_-_Irving_Underhill.jpg/220px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Coney_Island_Bathers_-_Irving_Underhill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Coney_Island_Bathers_-_Irving_Underhill.jpg/330px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Coney_Island_Bathers_-_Irving_Underhill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Brooklyn_Museum_-_Coney_Island_Bathers_-_Irving_Underhill.jpg/440px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_Coney_Island_Bathers_-_Irving_Underhill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption>Bathers in Coney Island, by Irving Underhill, in the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a> collection</figcaption></figure> In 1937, New York City parks commissioner <a href="/wiki/Robert_Moses" title="Robert Moses">Robert Moses</a> published a report about the possible redevelopment of Coney Island, which would have entailed the addition of parking lots and reconstruction of part of the boardwalk.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> The city purchased a 400-foot-wide (120 m) strip of land along the shoreline, which would allow the boardwalk to be moved 300 feet (91 m) inland.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> At this point, Coney Island was so crowded on summer weekends that, according to Moses, a coffin would provide more space per person.<a href="#cite_note-bn19570601-38">[38]</a> Though ride construction was delayed due to material shortages caused by the onset of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, two new rides were constructed in 1946 at the end of the war.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> In August 1944, <a href="/wiki/Luna_Park_(Coney_Island,_1903)" title="Luna Park (Coney Island, 1903)">Luna Park</a> was destroyed by a fire.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Two years later, it was closed permanently and sold to a company who wanted to tear down the park's remnants and build <a href="/wiki/Quonset_hut" title="Quonset hut">Quonset huts</a> for military veterans and their families.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Moses asked the city to transfer Luna Park's land along the Coney Island waterfront to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_and_Recreation" title="New York City Department of Parks and Recreation">Parks Department</a>, a request that was granted in 1949.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Moses then had the land rezoned for residential use, with plans to demolish "about a third" of attractions along Surf Avenue, one block north of the beach, and replace these with housing.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19491006-92">[92]</a> Moses moved the boardwalk back from the beach several yards, demolishing many structures, including the city's municipal bath house, as well as several blocks of amusements.<a href="#cite_note-DeSenaShortell2012-60">[60]</a>: 149  He claimed that fewer amusement-seekers were going to Coney Island every year, because they preferred places where they could bathe outdoors, such as <a href="/wiki/Jones_Beach_State_Park" title="Jones Beach State Park">Jones Beach State Park</a> on Long Island, rather than the "mechanical gadget" attractions of Coney Island.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19491006-92">[92]</a> Moses also announced that the Steeplechase Pier would be closed for a year so it could be renovated.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In 1953, Moses proposed that most of the peninsula be rezoned for various uses, claiming that it would be an "upgrade" over the various business and unrestricted zones that existed at the time. Steeplechase Park would be allowed to remain open, but much of the shorefront amusements and concessions would be replaced by residential developments.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-bde19541024-95">[95]</a> After many complaints from the public and from concession operators, the Estimate Board reinstated the area between West 22nd and West Eighth Streets as an amusement-only zone, with the zone extending 200 to 400 feet (61 to 122 m) inland from the shoreline.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Moses's subsequent proposal to extend the Coney Island boardwalk east to Manhattan Beach was denied in 1955.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> A proposal to make the Quonset hut development into a permanent housing structure was also rejected.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> A new building for the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Aquarium" title="New York Aquarium">New York Aquarium</a> was approved for construction in the neighborhood in 1953.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a>: 687 <a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Construction started on the aquarium in 1954.<a href="#cite_note-bde19541024-95">[95]</a> The development of the new New York Aquarium was expected to revitalize Coney Island.<a href="#cite_note-Billboard-19550129-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-bde19541024-95">[95]</a> By 1955, the area still included four children's amusement areas, five roller coasters, several <a href="/wiki/Flat_ride" class="mw-redirect" title="Flat ride">flat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dark_ride" title="Dark ride">dark rides</a>, and various other attractions such as the Wonder Wheel.<a href="#cite_note-Billboard-19550129-102">[102]</a> The New York Aquarium's new site opened in June 1957.<a href="#cite_note-NYParks-Aquarium-History-103">[103]</a> At this point, there were still several dozen rides in Coney Island.<a href="#cite_note-bn19570601-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fred_Trump_era">Fred Trump era</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Fred Trump era">edit</a>]</div> During the summers of 1964 and 1965, there was a large decrease in the number of visitors to Coney Island because of the <a href="/wiki/1964_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1964 New York World's Fair">1964/1965 World's Fair</a> at <a href="/wiki/Flushing_Meadows%E2%80%93Corona_Park" title="Flushing Meadows–Corona Park">Flushing Meadows–Corona Park</a> in Queens.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19660413-104">[104]</a> Crime increases, insufficient parking facilities, bad weather, and the post-World War II automotive boom were also cited as contributing factors in the visitor decrease. During the summer of 1964, concessionaires saw their lowest profits in a quarter-century. Ride operators reported that they had 30% to 90% fewer visitors in 1964 compared to the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> A small amusement park called <a href="/wiki/Astroland" title="Astroland">Astroland</a> was announced for the boardwalk in 1962, to open the following year.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Steeplechase Park, the last remaining large amusement park in Coney Island, closed permanently after the 1964 season.<a href="#cite_note-nyt20050721-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-Immerso2002-59">[59]</a>: 172  The surrounding blocks were filled with amusement rides and concessions that were closed or about to close.<a href="#cite_note-Immerso2002-59">[59]</a>: 172  The rides at Steeplechase Park were auctioned off, and the property was sold to developer <a href="/wiki/Fred_Trump" title="Fred Trump">Fred Trump</a>, who in 1965 announced that he wanted to build luxury apartments on the old Steeplechase property.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> At the time, residential developments in Coney Island in general were being built at a rapid rate. The peninsula, which had 34,000 residents in 1961, was expected to have more than double that number by the end of 1964. Many of the new residents moved into middle-income <a href="/wiki/Co-operative_housing" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-operative housing">co-operative housing</a> developments such as <a href="/wiki/Trump_Village" title="Trump Village">Trump Village</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warbasse_Houses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warbasse Houses (page does not exist)">Warbasse Houses</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_Park_Apartments&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna Park Apartments (page does not exist)">Luna Park Apartments</a>; these replaced what The New York Times described as "a rundown sprawl of rickety houses".<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Developers were spending millions of dollars on new housing developments, and by 1966, the peninsula housed almost 100,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19660413-104">[104]</a> During 1966, developers tried to revitalize the Coney Island boardwalk as an amusement area.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19660413-104">[104]</a> Trump destroyed Steeplechase Park's Pavilion of Fun during a highly publicized ceremony that September.<a href="#cite_note-Immerso2002-59">[59]</a>: 172 <a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> In its stead, Trump proposed building a 160-foot-high (49 m) enclosed dome with recreational facilities and a convention center, a plan supported by Brooklyn borough president <a href="/wiki/Abe_Stark" title="Abe Stark">Abe Stark</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> The next month, the city announced its plans to acquire the 125 acres (51 ha) of the former Steeplechase Park,<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> a move that many residents supported but that Trump considered to be "wasteful".<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> In January 1968, New York City parks commissioner <a href="/wiki/August_Heckscher_II" title="August Heckscher II">August Heckscher II</a> proposed that the New York state government build an "open-space" state park on the Steeplechase site,<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> and that May, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Estimate" title="New York City Board of Estimate">New York City Board of Estimate</a> voted in favor of funding to buy the land from Trump.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-jn19900902-116">[116]</a> Condemnation of the site started in 1969.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19790603-117">[117]</a> The city ultimately purchased the proposed park's site for $4 million, with a stipulation blocking Trump from developing the site as apartments.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19859895-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-nydn19850602-119">[119]</a> Trump filed a series of court cases related to the proposed residential rezoning, and ultimately won a $1.3 million judgment.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19790603-117">[117]</a> The Steeplechase Park site lay empty for several years. Trump started <a href="/wiki/Lease" title="Lease">subleasing</a> the property to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Kaufman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman Kaufman (page does not exist)">Norman Kaufman</a>, who ran a small collection of fairground amusements called "Steeplechase Park" on part of the site.<a href="#cite_note-Immerso2002-59">[59]</a>: 172 <a href="#cite_note-nyt19790603-117">[117]</a> The city also leased the boardwalk and parking lot sites at extremely low rates, which resulted in a $1 million loss of revenue over the following seven years. Since the city wanted to build the state park on the site of Kaufman's Steeplechase Park, it attempted to evict him by refusing to grant a lease extension.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19770403-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Late-1970s_attempts_at_restoration">Late-1970s attempts at restoration</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Late-1970s attempts at restoration">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abandoned_giant_slide_at_Coney_Island_-_05-1973.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Abandoned_giant_slide_at_Coney_Island_-_05-1973.jpg/220px-Abandoned_giant_slide_at_Coney_Island_-_05-1973.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Abandoned_giant_slide_at_Coney_Island_-_05-1973.jpg/330px-Abandoned_giant_slide_at_Coney_Island_-_05-1973.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Abandoned_giant_slide_at_Coney_Island_-_05-1973.jpg/440px-Abandoned_giant_slide_at_Coney_Island_-_05-1973.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2483" data-file-height="1668" /></a><figcaption>A 1973 photo of an abandoned "Giant Slide" that had been set up for a few years on the old Steeplechase site</figcaption></figure> The 1970s brought along further renewal plans, such as proposals to construct public housing, though the community was beset by social issues such as high crime and a drug epidemic.<a href="#cite_note-jn19900902-116">[116]</a> By 1975, the city was considering demolishing the <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Cyclone" title="Coney Island Cyclone">Coney Island Cyclone</a> in favor of an extension of the adjacent New York Aquarium.<a href="#cite_note-DeSenaShortell2012-60">[60]</a>: 153  The proposed demolition was controversial,<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> and after a refurbishment by <a href="/wiki/Astroland" title="Astroland">Astroland</a>, the Cyclone reopened for the summer 1975 season.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> The abandoned Parachute Jump was left in situ, and the New York City Board of Estimate planned to tear down the structure.<a href="#cite_note-Immerso2002-59">[59]</a>: 174 <a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> In the meanwhile, Coney Island was still affected by a perception of crime and deterioration of old rides, but by the mid-1970s, middle-class families started returning to Coney Island following the implementation of a unified admission ticket to Coney Island's amusement areas.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> The city continued to pursue litigation over the site occupied by Norman Kaufman, but for over a decade, was unsuccessful.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19790603-117">[117]</a> It had no plan for the proposed state park, and in 1975 the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">United States Department of Housing and Urban Development</a> nearly withdrew a proposed grant of $2 million to fund the proposed park.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19770403-120">[120]</a> The city ultimately accepted the grant, though different city agencies still disagreed over whether to return the funds.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Kaufman continued to operate the site until the end of summer 1980. The following June, the city paid Kaufman a million dollars for the rides, effectively evicting him, even though the amusements were estimated to be worth much less.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19810829-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-nydn19850602-119">[119]</a> In 1979, the state announced that it would be conducting a report on the feasibility of legalizing gambling in New York State. Mayor <a href="/wiki/Ed_Koch" title="Ed Koch">Ed Koch</a> proposed that the state open casinos in New York City to revitalize the area's economy.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Residents and politicians supported the idea of building casinos at Coney Island, which they felt would alleviate its poverty, crime, and property vacancy rates.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> However, there was substantial controversy over the plans to place a gambling site in Coney Island.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> The state's interest in legalizing gambling had subsided by 1981, and the New York state legislature failed to take action on such proposal.<a href="#cite_note-nydn19821117-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt19810829-126">[126]</a> In an effort to reduce crime, the city also began demolishing abandoned bungalows in Coney Island.<a href="#cite_note-jn19900902-116">[116]</a> By 1982, the area was filled with vacant lots, though several residential developments were being planned for Coney Island.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Having finally acquired Kaufman's rides, the New York City government began advertising for developers to redevelop the former amusement park area that November.<a href="#cite_note-nydn19821117-130">[130]</a> The Mermaid-Neptune Development Corporation constructed three residential developments at the neighborhood's western edge, with a combined total of 430 units. These developments were completed through the mid-1980s.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Even so, the area still suffered from drug-related killings and other crimes, especially west of West 20th Street. Former amusement structures such as the Parachute Jump lay unused, and prostitutes roamed around the neighborhood at night.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-nydn19850602-119">[119]</a> Through the 1980s, prostitution and drug use in Coney Island increased, as did the area's murder and felony crime rate.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> By the late 1980s, deadly shootings were common, particularly in the low-income housing developments inside Coney Island.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Commercial activity also decreased, and by 1990, storefronts on Mermaid Avenue had decreased by 90%, from over 400 stores before the urban renewal to 39 stores afterward.<a href="#cite_note-jn19900902-116">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revival">Revival</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Revival">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bullard_deal,_Sportsplex,_and_KeySpan_Park">Bullard deal, Sportsplex, and KeySpan Park</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bullard deal, Sportsplex, and KeySpan Park">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CI_BUG_apts_fr_W12_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/CI_BUG_apts_fr_W12_jeh.jpg/280px-CI_BUG_apts_fr_W12_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/CI_BUG_apts_fr_W12_jeh.jpg/420px-CI_BUG_apts_fr_W12_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/CI_BUG_apts_fr_W12_jeh.jpg/560px-CI_BUG_apts_fr_W12_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Co-ops in Coney Island</figcaption></figure> In the mid-1980s, restaurant mogul <a href="/wiki/Horace_Bullard" title="Horace Bullard">Horace Bullard</a> proposed rebuilding Steeplechase Park.<a href="#cite_note-DeSenaShortell2012-60">[60]</a>: 150 <a href="#cite_note-nydn19850602-119">[119]</a> On the site bounded by West 15th and 19th Streets between Surf Avenue and the boardwalk, Bullard wanted to build a $55 million amusement park based on the originals. The city agreed, and the project was approved in 1985.<a href="#cite_note-DeSenaShortell2012-60">[60]</a>: 150 <a href="#cite_note-nyt19859895-118">[118]</a> Bullard planned to open the park by mid-1986 to coincide with the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a>'s centennial.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19859895-118">[118]</a> However, the project was delayed while the New York City Planning Commission compiled an environmental impact report.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19860329-136">[136]</a> By early 1987, the cost of the amusement park nearly doubled, to $100 million.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19870605-137">[137]</a> Concurrently, in December 1986, the New York State Urban Development Corporation formally proposed a 17,000-seat minor-league baseball stadium north of the boardwalk between West 19th and West 22nd Streets as well as 15,000-seat indoor arena north of the Abe Stark Rink. Negotiations were ongoing with the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Mets" title="New York Mets">Mets</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_Yankees" title="New York Yankees">Yankees</a> to ensure their support for the minor-league stadium.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-nydn19870426-139">[139]</a> State senator <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Bartosiewicz" title="Thomas J. Bartosiewicz">Thomas Bartosiewicz</a> attempted to block Bullard's plan, as he was part of a foundation that had promised another developer, Sportsplex, the right to build an amateur sports arena on the site.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19870605-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-nydn19870426-139">[139]</a> Construction was held up for another four years, and by 1989, Bullard and the city were ready to sign a contract that would allow the developer to construct a 60-ride amusement park on a 25-acre (10 ha) waterfront strip, which would be completed by 2002.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Other proposals for the area included a $7.9 million restoration of the boardwalk, as well as a new high-school and college sports stadium.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19860329-136">[136]</a> Some of Coney Island's iconic rides were designated as official city landmarks during the late 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-be20160511-141">[141]</a> In 1988, the Cyclone roller coaster was made a New York City designated landmark.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19870713-142">[142]</a> This was followed by the Parachute Jump and the Wonder Wheel in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-be20160511-141">[141]</a> The neighborhood's high crime rate had reversed slightly by the 1990s. However, Coney Island's relative isolation from the rest of New York City, along with its ethnic diversity, deprived the area of significant political power, and to a greater extent money.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a> took office as New York City mayor in 1994, he negated the Bullard deal by approving the construction of a minor-league baseball stadium on the site allotted for Steeplechase Park.<a href="#cite_note-DeSenaShortell2012-60">[60]</a>: 150  Giuliani had wanted to build Sportsplex in order to improve sports facilities in the area, and to create a professional baseball team in Brooklyn.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> By the late 1990s, some $67 million had been secured for the development of Sportsplex.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19981123-145">[145]</a> In 1997, developer <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Ratner" title="Bruce Ratner">Bruce Ratner</a> proposed constructing a $100 million entertainment complex between West 9th and West 15th Streets, with a "virtual-reality amusement park" as well as a <a href="/wiki/Multiplex_(movie_theater)" title="Multiplex (movie theater)">movie theater multiplex</a>.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Concurrently, a four-phase, 873-unit housing development in Coney Island was completed in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> In 1998, Giuliani canceled Sportsplex and the entertainment complex, and instead unveiled another plan where only the parking lot would be built. The Sports Foundation had prepared another proposal that would allow a scaled-down Sportsplex to be built next to the minor-league baseball stadium.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19981123-145">[145]</a> The minor league team was called the Brooklyn Cyclones, though naming rights to the stadium were sold to <a href="/wiki/Keyspan_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Keyspan Energy">Keyspan Energy</a>. Bullard, now no longer rebuilding Steeplechase Park, had wanted to restore the Thunderbolt as part of a scaled-down amusement park, but it was demolished instead.<a href="#cite_note-DeSenaShortell2012-60">[60]</a>: 150  In 2000, the city approved the $31 million project to construct <a href="/wiki/Maimonides_Park" title="Maimonides Park">Keyspan Park</a> using the funds from the canceled Sportsplex,<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> and the minor-league baseball stadium opened the following year.<a href="#cite_note-nyt20010626-149">[149]</a> Other major projects at the time included the reconstruction of Coney Island's sewers and the refurbishment of the Stillwell Avenue subway station,<a href="#cite_note-nyt19981123-145">[145]</a> the latter of which was completed in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-nyt20050528-150">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Thor_Equities_ownership_and_rezoning_proposals">Thor Equities ownership and rezoning proposals</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Thor Equities ownership and rezoning proposals">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Astroland_Coney_Island_by_David_Shankbone.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Astroland_Coney_Island_by_David_Shankbone.JPG/220px-Astroland_Coney_Island_by_David_Shankbone.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Astroland_Coney_Island_by_David_Shankbone.JPG/330px-Astroland_Coney_Island_by_David_Shankbone.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Astroland_Coney_Island_by_David_Shankbone.JPG/440px-Astroland_Coney_Island_by_David_Shankbone.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>The Wonder Wheel and Astroland Park from a Coney Island beach</figcaption></figure> In 2003, Mayor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a> took an interest in revitalizing Coney Island as a possible site for the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_bid_for_the_2012_Summer_Olympics" title="New York City bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics">New York City bid</a> of the <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics_bids" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Summer Olympics bids">2012 Summer Olympics</a>. A plan was developed by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astella_Development_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astella Development Corporation (page does not exist)">Astella Development Corporation</a>. When the city lost the Olympic bid, the plans were passed to the Coney Island Development Corporation (CIDC), which made modified plans.<a href="#cite_note-nycedc2005-151">[151]</a> Shortly before the CIDC's plans were to be publicly released, a development company named <a href="/wiki/Thor_Equities" title="Thor Equities">Thor Equities</a> purchased all of Bullard's 168,000-square-foot (15,600 m2) western property for $13 million, later selling the property to <a href="/wiki/Taconic_Investment_Partners" title="Taconic Investment Partners">Taconic Investment Partners</a> for over $90 million.<a href="#cite_note-DeSenaShortell2012-60">[60]</a>: 158  Taconic now had 100 acres (40 ha), on which it planned to build 2,000 apartment units.<a href="#cite_note-DeSenaShortell2012-60">[60]</a>: 158–159 <a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> Thor then went about using much of its $77 million profit to purchase property on Stillwell Avenue for well over market value, and offered to buy out every piece of property inside the traditional amusement area.<a href="#cite_note-DeSenaShortell2012-60">[60]</a>: 158–159  In September 2005, Thor's founder, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Sitt" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Sitt">Joe Sitt</a>, unveiled his new plans for a large <a href="/wiki/Bellagio_(resort)" title="Bellagio (resort)">Bellagio</a>-style hotel resort with a <a href="/wiki/Timeshare" title="Timeshare">timeshare</a> development, surrounded by rides and amusements. The CIDC report suggested adding year-round commercial and amusement area, and recommended that property north of Surf Avenue and west of Abe Stark Rink could be rezoned for other uses, including residential.<a href="#cite_note-nycedc2005-151">[151]</a> Sitt, a resident of the area, spent more than $100 million to buy land in Coney Island.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> Astroland owner Carol Hill Albert, whose husband's family had owned the park since its 1962 opening, sold the site to Thor in November 2006. Two months later, Thor released renderings for a $1.5 billion amusement park, entertainment complex, and indoor water park called Coney Island Park.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-ny1-20061114-155">[155]</a> In 2007, the DCP started circulating a rezoning plan that would cover 47 acres (19 ha) of Coney Island. The city would spend $120 million to redevelop 15 acres (6.1 ha) into an amusement park surrounded by around 5,000 new housing units.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt20070109-157">[157]</a> The Aquarium was also planning a renovation in conjunction with the rezoning.<a href="#cite_note-ny1-20061114-155">[155]</a> The city's and Sitt's proposals directly conflicted: Sitt wanted to build housing inside the amusement park, while the city's rezoning would create a special amusement district where residential development was forbidden.<a href="#cite_note-nyt20070109-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt20090217-158">[158]</a> In April 2008, because of objections from land owners, residents, and developers, the city revised its rezoning proposal. Only 9 acres would be used as an amusement park, while private owners and developers could build on the rest of the land as long as they followed the DCP's general master plan.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> While the city negotiated with Thor, Sitt evicted several amusement operators on his land, including Astroland, in the expectation that he would soon be able to redevelop it.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COneyIsland1506.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/COneyIsland1506.jpg/220px-COneyIsland1506.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/COneyIsland1506.jpg/330px-COneyIsland1506.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/COneyIsland1506.jpg/440px-COneyIsland1506.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Senior housing in Coney Island</figcaption></figure> The DCP certified the rezoning plan in January 2009,<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> which allowed the city to create a 9.4-acre (3.8 ha) amusement district.<a href="#cite_note-nyt20091112-162">[162]</a> At the time, Thor Equities said it hoped to complete the project by 2011.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> In June 2009, the city's planning commission approved the construction of 4,500 units of housing, including 900 affordable units, and promised to preserve affordable housing already in the neighborhood.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt20091112-162">[162]</a> Subsequently, the city government paid Sitt $95.6 million for 7 acres (2.8 ha) of land.<a href="#cite_note-nyt20091112-162">[162]</a> The nonprofit civic group <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Art_Society" title="Municipal Art Society">Municipal Art Society</a> wanted the city-operated park to be larger, though the city was reluctant to spend so much money.<a href="#cite_note-nyt20090217-158">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Progress_on_expansion">Progress on expansion</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Progress on expansion">edit</a>]</div> The Zipper and Spider on West 12th Street were closed permanently and dismantled in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> The next year, plans to restore Coney Island's historic <a href="/wiki/B%26B_Carousell" title="B&B Carousell">B&B Carousell</a> were revealed.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> After Astroland closed in 2008,<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> it was replaced by a new <a href="/wiki/Dreamland_(Coney_Island,_2009)" title="Dreamland (Coney Island, 2009)">Dreamland</a> in 2009<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> and by a new <a href="/wiki/Luna_Park_(Coney_Island,_2010)" title="Luna Park (Coney Island, 2010)">Luna Park</a> in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> In April 2011, the first new roller coasters to be built at Coney Island in eighty years were opened as part of efforts to reverse the decline of the amusement area.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> The B&B Carousell reopened in 2013 at Luna Park.<a href="#cite_note-nyt2130524-172">[172]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(2014_roller_coaster)" title="Thunderbolt (2014 roller coaster)">Thunderbolt</a> steel roller coaster, named after the original wooden coaster on the site, was opened in June 2014.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> Furthermore, a live performance venue, the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Amphitheater_at_Coney_Island" title="Ford Amphitheater at Coney Island">Ford Amphitheater at Coney Island</a>, opened on the boardwalk in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coney_Island_Brooklyn_Jul_2019_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Coney_Island_Brooklyn_Jul_2019_03.jpg/220px-Coney_Island_Brooklyn_Jul_2019_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Coney_Island_Brooklyn_Jul_2019_03.jpg/330px-Coney_Island_Brooklyn_Jul_2019_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Coney_Island_Brooklyn_Jul_2019_03.jpg/440px-Coney_Island_Brooklyn_Jul_2019_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Conversion of the <a href="/wiki/Shore_Theater" title="Shore Theater">Shore Theater</a> into a hotel, seen in 2019</figcaption></figure> In 2012, <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy" title="Hurricane Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</a> caused major damage to the Coney Island amusement parks, the Aquarium, and businesses. Despite this, the <a href="/wiki/Nathan%27s_Hot_Dog_Eating_Contest" title="Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest">Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest</a> was held the following summer, as usual.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> Luna Park at Coney Island reopened as scheduled on March 24, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> Rebuilding of the aquarium started in early 2013, and a major expansion of the aquarium opened in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> That August, the NYCEDC and NYC Parks announced that Luna Park would be expanded between West 15th and West 16th Streets, next to the Thunderbolt.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chung_2018-180">[180]</a> There would be 3 public plazas and an <a href="/wiki/Amusement_arcade" title="Amusement arcade">amusement arcade</a> within the newly expanded amusement area.<a href="#cite_note-Chung_2018-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> The same month, it was also announced that a 50-room <a href="/wiki/Boutique_hotel" title="Boutique hotel">boutique hotel</a> was being planned for Coney Island within the former <a href="/wiki/Shore_Theater" title="Shore Theater">Shore Theater</a> on Surf and Stillwell Avenues.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> The city also expressed its intent to demolish the Abe Stark Rink and redevelop the site, as per the 2009 rezoning, though residents wanted NYC Parks to retain control over the site rather than sell it off to a private developer.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> Many of these construction projects were placed on hold in 2020 with the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York City">COVID-19 pandemic in New York City</a>. That year, the businesses and amusement parks at Coney Island either operated in a sharply reduced capacity or did not open at all.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> The parks reopened for the 2021 season,<a href="#cite_note-Yakas_2021-188">[188]</a> and Luna Park's expansion commenced in October 2021.<a href="#cite_note-Brooklyn_Eagle_2021-189">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-ABC7_New_York_2021-190">[190]</a> The addition of new amusements coincided with the development of over 2,000 new residential units on empty lots through the early 2020s.<a href="#cite_note-Maldonado_Pierre-Louis_2022_k260-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> These included a 1,000-unit mega-development<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> and a three-tower, 499-unit mixed-use complex.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> The new housing units were built despite the fact that the neighborhood was among the areas in New York City that were most vulnerable to flooding due to increases in sea levels.<a href="#cite_note-Maldonado_Pierre-Louis_2022_k260-191">[191]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Casino_proposal">Casino proposal</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Casino proposal">edit</a>]</div> In November 2022, Sitt proposed constructing a casino at Coney Island to attract tourists.<a href="#cite_note-Hallum_2022-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> This proposal followed an announcement by New York state officials in April 2022 that they would issue three <a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">casino</a> licenses in <a href="/wiki/Downstate_New_York" title="Downstate New York">Downstate New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-2022-10-21-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-Short_2022-199">[199]</a> Although the nearby <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_11" title="Brooklyn Community Board 11">Brooklyn Community Board 11</a> voted in early 2024 to allow Coney Island to be rezoned for casino use,<a href="#cite_note-Camille_j554-200">[200]</a> some residents opposed the planned casino, which would be known as the Coney.<a href="#cite_note-Paper_q425-201">[201]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thor_Equities" title="Thor Equities">Thor Equities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legends_Hospitality" title="Legends Hospitality">Legends Hospitality</a>, Saratoga Casino Holdings, and the <a href="/wiki/Chickasaw_Nation" title="Chickasaw Nation">Chickasaw Nation</a> would be the developers. If the Coney were built, the structure would include event space, retail, a concert venue, and 500 hotel rooms.<a href="#cite_note-Hallum_2024_w035-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rogers_2024_p242-203">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oral_history_archive">Oral history archive</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Oral history archive">edit</a>]</div> In 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_History_Project" title="Coney Island History Project">Coney Island History Project</a> began collecting stories of Coney Island from longtime residents.<a href="#cite_note-bw20170403-204">[204]</a> The CIHP records, archives, and shares oral history interviews about Coney Island.<a href="#cite_note-bw20170403-204">[204]</a> The organizations conducts interviews in English, Russian, Chinese, and Spanish.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, the CIHP continued to record interviews via phone or Skype.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> As of 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit">[update]</a> over 370 interviews were available online via the Coney Island History Project Oral History Archive.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amusement_parks_and_attractions">Amusement parks and attractions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Amusement parks and attractions">edit</a>]</div> Coney Island has two amusement parks, <a href="/wiki/Luna_Park_(Coney_Island,_2010)" title="Luna Park (Coney Island, 2010)">Luna Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deno%27s_Wonder_Wheel_Amusement_Park" title="Deno's Wonder Wheel Amusement Park">Deno's Wonder Wheel Amusement Park</a>, as well as several rides that are not incorporated into either amusement park. These are owned and managed by several different companies and operate independently of each other. Coney Island also has several other visitor attractions such as <a href="/wiki/Skee_ball" class="mw-redirect" title="Skee ball">skeeball</a> and ball tossing, as well as a <a href="/wiki/Sideshow" title="Sideshow">sideshow</a>, that contains shooting, throwing, and tossing skills. The area hosts renowned events as well. Coney Island's amusement area is one of a few in the United States that is not mostly owned by any one entity.<a href="#cite_note-DeSenaShortell2012-60">[60]</a>: 153  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rides">Rides</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Rides">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Current_rides">Current rides</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Current rides">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more detailed list of rides operating in Coney Island amusement parks, see <a href="/wiki/Luna_Park_(Coney_Island,_2010)#Attractions" title="Luna Park (Coney Island, 2010)">Luna Park (Coney Island, 2010) § Attractions</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Deno%27s_Wonder_Wheel_Amusement_Park#Attractions" title="Deno's Wonder Wheel Amusement Park">Deno's Wonder Wheel Amusement Park § Attractions</a>.</div> Coney Island contains three rides with landmark status. One is a <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City designated landmark</a>, another is <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Brooklyn" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Brooklyn">listed</a> in the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> (NRHP), and a third is both a city landmark and a NRHP-listed landmark.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL-1708-210">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYCL-1636-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Wonder_Wheel" title="Wonder Wheel">Wonder Wheel</a>, opened in 1920, is a steel <a href="/wiki/Ferris_wheel" title="Ferris wheel">Ferris wheel</a> with both stationary cars and rocking cars that slide along a track.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> It holds 144 riders, stands 150 ft (46 m) tall, weighs over 200 short tons (180 long tons; 180 t), and is located at Deno's Wonder Wheel Amusement Park.<a href="#cite_note-Denson_2011-3">[3]</a>: 47  The Wonder Wheel was made a city landmark in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-NYCL-1708-210">[210]</a>: 1  The <a href="/wiki/B%26B_Carousell" title="B&B Carousell">B&B Carousell</a> (as spelled by the frame's builder, <a href="/wiki/William_F._Mangels" title="William F. Mangels">William F. Mangels</a>) is Coney Island's last traditional <a href="/wiki/Carousel" title="Carousel">carousel</a>, near the old entrance to <a href="/wiki/Luna_Park_(Coney_Island,_1903)" title="Luna Park (Coney Island, 1903)">Luna Park</a>. The carousel was built circa 1906–1909 with a traditional roll-operated <a href="/wiki/Fairground_organ" title="Fairground organ">fairground organ</a>. It was relocated multiple times, most recently to Luna Park's Steeplechase Plaza in 2013,<a href="#cite_note-nyt2130524-172">[172]</a> and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Cyclone" title="Coney Island Cyclone">Coney Island Cyclone</a>, opened in 1927, is one of the United States' oldest <a href="/wiki/Wooden_roller_coaster" title="Wooden roller coaster">wooden roller coasters</a> still in operation. The Cyclone includes an 85 ft (26 m), 58-degree drop. It is owned by the City of New York, and is operated by <a href="/wiki/Luna_Park_(Coney_Island,_2010)" title="Luna Park (Coney Island, 2010)">Luna Park</a> under a franchise agreement.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> The Cyclone was made a city landmark in 1988<a href="#cite_note-NYCL-1636-211">[211]</a>: 1 <a href="#cite_note-nyt19870713-142">[142]</a> and was listed on the NRHP in 1991.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> The Cyclone is New York City's only remaining wooden coaster and is considered "irreplaceable", since timber-supported coasters can no longer be built under modern city building codes.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:792px;max-width:792px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:196px;max-width:196px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:139px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Coney-island-cyclone-usgs-photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Coney-island-cyclone-usgs-photo.jpg/194px-Coney-island-cyclone-usgs-photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Coney-island-cyclone-usgs-photo.jpg/291px-Coney-island-cyclone-usgs-photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Coney-island-cyclone-usgs-photo.jpg/388px-Coney-island-cyclone-usgs-photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="288" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Cyclone" title="Coney Island Cyclone">Coney Island Cyclone</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:188px;max-width:188px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:139px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:WonderWheelNewYork.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/WonderWheelNewYork.jpg/186px-WonderWheelNewYork.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/WonderWheelNewYork.jpg/279px-WonderWheelNewYork.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/WonderWheelNewYork.jpg/372px-WonderWheelNewYork.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Wonder_Wheel" title="Wonder Wheel">Wonder Wheel</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:188px;max-width:188px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:139px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Thunderbolt_2014-08-11_view_from_west.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Thunderbolt_2014-08-11_view_from_west.JPG/186px-Thunderbolt_2014-08-11_view_from_west.JPG" decoding="async" width="186" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Thunderbolt_2014-08-11_view_from_west.JPG/279px-Thunderbolt_2014-08-11_view_from_west.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Thunderbolt_2014-08-11_view_from_west.JPG/372px-Thunderbolt_2014-08-11_view_from_west.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(2014_roller_coaster)" title="Thunderbolt (2014 roller coaster)">Thunderbolt</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:212px;max-width:212px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:139px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Coney_Carousel_006.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coney_Carousel_006.JPG/210px-Coney_Carousel_006.JPG" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coney_Carousel_006.JPG/315px-Coney_Carousel_006.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Coney_Carousel_006.JPG/420px-Coney_Carousel_006.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/B%26B_Carousell" title="B&B Carousell">B&B Carousell</a></div></div></div></div></div> There are also multiple other rides in Coney Island. In March 2014, construction started on the new <a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(2014_roller_coaster)" title="Thunderbolt (2014 roller coaster)">Thunderbolt</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Steel_roller_coaster" title="Steel roller coaster">steel roller coaster</a> that was manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Zamperla" title="Zamperla">Zamperla</a> at a cost of $10 million. The ride features 2,000 feet (610 m) of track, a height of 125 feet (38 m), and a top speed of 65 miles per hour (105 km/h), as well as four <a href="/wiki/Roller_coaster_inversions" class="mw-redirect" title="Roller coaster inversions">inversions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> The Thunderbolt opened in June 2014.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> Several <a href="/wiki/Bumper_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Bumper car">bumper car</a> rides in Coney Island are all operated separately. As of 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit">[update]</a>, these include an attraction in Deno's Wonder Wheel Park,<a href="#cite_note-denos-map-221">[221]</a> as well as Eldorado Auto Skooter on Surf Avenue. Historically, the earliest bumper car rides were located in Coney Island.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> Furthermore, two traditional <a href="/wiki/Dark_ride" title="Dark ride">dark ride</a> <a href="/wiki/Haunted_attraction_(simulated)" title="Haunted attraction (simulated)">haunted houses</a> operate at Coney Island: <a href="/wiki/Spook-a-Rama" title="Spook-a-Rama">Spook-a-Rama</a> at Deno's,<a href="#cite_note-denos-map-221">[221]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ghost_Hole" title="Ghost Hole">Ghost Hole</a> on West 12th Street adjacent to Deno's.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Former_rides">Former rides</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Former rides">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ThunderboltConeyIsland1995.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/ThunderboltConeyIsland1995.jpg/250px-ThunderboltConeyIsland1995.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/ThunderboltConeyIsland1995.jpg/375px-ThunderboltConeyIsland1995.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/ThunderboltConeyIsland1995.jpg/500px-ThunderboltConeyIsland1995.jpg 2x" data-file-width="974" data-file-height="513" /></a><figcaption>The original <a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(1925_roller_coaster)" title="Thunderbolt (1925 roller coaster)">Thunderbolt</a> in 1995</figcaption></figure> Coney Island has had three major amusement parks in its past—<a href="/wiki/Steeplechase_Park" title="Steeplechase Park">Steeplechase Park</a> (1897–1964), <a href="/wiki/Luna_Park_(Coney_Island,_1903)" title="Luna Park (Coney Island, 1903)">Luna Park</a> (1903–1944), and <a href="/wiki/Dreamland_(Coney_Island,_1904)" title="Dreamland (Coney Island, 1904)">Dreamland</a> (1904–1911)—as well as several standalone attractions.<a href="#cite_note-Immerso2002-59">[59]</a>: 74 <a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> In addition, <a href="/wiki/Astroland" title="Astroland">Astroland</a> operated at the site of the current Luna Park from 1962 to 2008,<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> while a second <a href="/wiki/Dreamland_(Coney_Island,_2009)" title="Dreamland (Coney Island, 2009)">Dreamland</a> operated at that site for only the 2009 season.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> In addition to the rides in Coney Island's former amusement parks, there were also several dozen roller coasters that are now defunct.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> The Comet, next to the Cyclone's current site, was built in 1921 and destroyed in 1945.<a href="#cite_note-Denson_2011-3">[3]</a>: 46  Another coaster, the Oriental Scenic Railway, was created by <a href="/wiki/LaMarcus_Adna_Thompson" title="LaMarcus Adna Thompson">LaMarcus Adna Thompson</a> in 1887,<a href="#cite_note-Immerso2002-59">[59]</a>: 98–99 <a href="#cite_note-Denson_2011-3">[3]</a>: 41  and was demolished in 1955 to be replaced with a "hot rod" amusement ride.<a href="#cite_note-Billboard-19550129-102">[102]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Steeplechase_roller_coaster" title="Steeplechase roller coaster">steeplechase roller coaster</a>, created by Steeplechase Park operator George C. Tilyou in 1897, consisted of people riding wooden horses around the park on a steel track.<a href="#cite_note-Ierardi-35">[35]</a> The original wooden <a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(1925_roller_coaster)" title="Thunderbolt (1925 roller coaster)">Thunderbolt</a> coaster, located between West 15th and West 16th Streets, was constructed in 1925, closed in 1983, and torn down in 2000 during the construction of nearby Keyspan Park.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> Nearby was <a href="/wiki/Tornado_(Coney_Island)" title="Tornado (Coney Island)">Tornado</a>, a wooden coaster constructed in 1926,<a href="#cite_note-Parascandola_2014-66">[66]</a>: 24 <a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> and destroyed by arson in 1977.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> Coney Island also contains one defunct ride that is still standing, the <a href="/wiki/Parachute_Jump" title="Parachute Jump">Parachute Jump</a>. Originally built as the <a href="/wiki/Life_Savers" title="Life Savers">Life Savers</a> Parachute Jump at the <a href="/wiki/1939_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1939 New York World's Fair">1939 New York World's Fair</a>, this was the first ride of its kind. Patrons were hoisted 262 ft (80 m) in the air before being allowed to drop using guy-wired parachutes. The Parachute Jump was closed in the 1960s, but was officially preserved,<a href="#cite_note-nyt20050721-107">[107]</a> having been listed on the NRHP in 1980<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> and made a city landmark in 1989.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a>: 1  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beaches">Beaches</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Beaches">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coney_Island_beach_(June_2016).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Coney_Island_beach_%28June_2016%29.jpg/240px-Coney_Island_beach_%28June_2016%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Coney_Island_beach_%28June_2016%29.jpg/360px-Coney_Island_beach_%28June_2016%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Coney_Island_beach_%28June_2016%29.jpg/480px-Coney_Island_beach_%28June_2016%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The beach at Coney Island in June 2016, with the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Parkway%E2%80%93Gil_Hodges_Memorial_Bridge" title="Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge">Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge</a> visible on the horizon</figcaption></figure> There is a broad public sand beach that starts at Sea Gate at West 37th Street, through the central Coney Island area and <a href="/wiki/Brighton_Beach" title="Brighton Beach">Brighton Beach</a>, to the beginning of the community of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Beach,_Brooklyn" title="Manhattan Beach, Brooklyn">Manhattan Beach</a>, a distance of approximately 2.7 mi (4.3 km). The beach is continuous and is served for its entire length by the broad <a href="/wiki/Riegelmann_Boardwalk" title="Riegelmann Boardwalk">Riegelmann Boardwalk</a>. Numerous amusements, as well as the aquarium and a variety of food shops and arcades, are directly accessible from the landward side of the boardwalk.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-La_Rocco_2004-236">[236]</a> The boardwalk in Manhattan Beach, located within Manhattan Beach Park, is not connected with the Riegelmann Boardwalk.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> The beaches in Coney Island used to be private until 1923 when the city bought all the land on the waterfront and created the Riegelmann Boardwalk and Beach.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> Today, only the sand beach inside Sea Gate is private; it is accessible solely to residents of that community.<a href="#cite_note-La_Rocco_2004-236">[236]</a> The public beaches are maintained on a regular basis by the city. Because sand no longer naturally deposits on the beach, it is replenished in regular <a href="/wiki/Beach_nourishment" title="Beach nourishment">beach nourishment</a> projects using <a href="/wiki/Dredging" title="Dredging">dredged</a> sand.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-8">[8]</a> The public beaches are open and free to use, though the boardwalk is closed during nights from 1 to 5 a.m.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> The beach area is divided into several sections by rock <a href="/wiki/Groyne" title="Groyne">groynes</a> that were built in the 1920s to prevent erosion.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a>: 15  There are several clubs that host activities on Coney Island's beach. The <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Polar_Bear_Club" title="Coney Island Polar Bear Club">Coney Island Polar Bear Club</a> consists of a group of people who swim at Coney Island throughout the winter months. Their most popular event is an annual swim on <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a>.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-Denson_2011-3">[3]</a>: 50  The beach also serves as the training grounds for the Coney Island Brighton Beach Open Water Swimmers, a group dedicated to promoting <a href="/wiki/Open_water_swimming" title="Open water swimming">open water swimming</a>, which hosts several open water swim races each year.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:908px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Coney_island_board_walk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The boardwalk around sunset"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Coney_island_board_walk.jpg/900px-Coney_island_board_walk.jpg" decoding="async" width="900" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Coney_island_board_walk.jpg/1350px-Coney_island_board_walk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Coney_island_board_walk.jpg/1800px-Coney_island_board_walk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="13632" data-file-height="3050" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Coney_island_board_walk.jpg" title="File:Coney island board walk.jpg"> </a></div>The boardwalk around sunset</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_parks">Public parks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Public parks">edit</a>]</div> There are several public parks in Coney Island, operated by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_and_Recreation" title="New York City Department of Parks and Recreation">New York City Department of Parks and Recreation</a>. Parks within the main Coney Island neighborhood include:<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Abe_Stark#Legacy" title="Abe Stark">Abe Stark</a> Skating Rink, located on the south side of Surf Avenue between West 19th and West 20th Streets, adjacent to the boardwalk. It opened in 1970.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a></li> <li>Coney Island Creek Park, located along the south shore of Coney Island Creek. Opened in 1984, it is composed mostly of plants.<a href="#cite_note-NYC_Parks_CIC-12">[12]</a></li> <li>Leon S. Kaiser Park, located on the northern side of Neptune Avenue between West 24th and West 32nd Streets, and contains playgrounds, athletic facilities, fitness equipment, and open spaces for barbecuing.<a href="#cite_note-NYC_Parks_Kaiser-11">[11]</a></li> <li>Poseidon Playground, located along the beach between West 25th and West 27th Streets, and contains water spray showers, playgrounds, and handball courts.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeplechase_Park#Current_status" title="Steeplechase Park">Steeplechase Park</a>, located along the beach between West 16th and West 19th Streets. It contains a public plaza with seating, as well as <a href="/wiki/MCU_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="MCU Park">MCU Park</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Minor_league_baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor league baseball">minor league baseball</a> stadium.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a></li> <li>Surf Playground, located on the south side of Surf Avenue between West 25th and West 27th Streets, just north of Poseidon Playground. It contains basketball courts, playgrounds, and water spray showers.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_attractions">Other attractions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Other attractions">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Aquarium" title="New York Aquarium">New York Aquarium</a> opened in 1957 on the former site of the Dreamland amusement park.<a href="#cite_note-NYParks-Aquarium-History-103">[103]</a> It is located on 602 Surf Avenue between West 5th and West 10th Streets.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> As of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit">[update]</a>, the New York Aquarium consists of five exhibits: Aquatheater; Conservation Hall; Sea Cliffs; Sharks, Rays & Turtles; and Ocean Wonders: Sharks.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> The original <a href="/wiki/Bathysphere" title="Bathysphere">Bathysphere</a>, a deep-sea submersible that made historic journeys underwater in the 1930s, is on display at the aquarium.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> Maimonides Park is located on the former site of Steeplechase Park. Opened in 2001 as KeySpan Park,<a href="#cite_note-nyt20010626-149">[149]</a> it hosts the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Cyclones" title="Brooklyn Cyclones">Brooklyn Cyclones</a> minor league baseball team.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> In 2010, it was renamed after the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Credit_Union" title="Municipal Credit Union">Municipal Credit Union</a> (MCU), the city's largest credit union, in an eleven-year naming rights deal which ended in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> In June 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Amphitheater_at_Coney_Island" title="Ford Amphitheater at Coney Island">Ford Amphitheater at Coney Island</a> opened on the boardwalk to the west of Maimondies Park, hosting several live musical acts as well as other events.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> It was constructed at the location of the <a href="/wiki/Childs_Restaurants_(Coney_Island_Boardwalk_location)" class="mw-redirect" title="Childs Restaurants (Coney Island Boardwalk location)">Childs Restaurant</a>, which was originally constructed in 1923 and was renovated when the amphitheater was being constructed. The rooftop part of the restaurant reopened in July 2016.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> The nonprofit organization <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_USA" title="Coney Island USA">Coney Island USA</a> also operates the Coney Island Museum, a collection of memorabilia that chronicles the history of the neighborhood. The museum opened in 1980, and is located at 1208 Surf Avenue near the intersection with West 12th Street.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> It charges a $5 admission fee per adult.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> Another nonprofit founded in 2004, the Coney Island History Project, operates a space near the Wonder Wheel.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events">Events</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Events">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:179px;max-width:179px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:235px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Nathan%27s_Coney_Island_July_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Nathan's Famous hot dog restaurant on the Coney Island boardwalk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Nathan%27s_Coney_Island_July_2007.jpg/177px-Nathan%27s_Coney_Island_July_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Nathan%27s_Coney_Island_July_2007.jpg/266px-Nathan%27s_Coney_Island_July_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Nathan%27s_Coney_Island_July_2007.jpg/354px-Nathan%27s_Coney_Island_July_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2136" data-file-height="2848" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Nathan%27s_Famous" title="Nathan's Famous">Nathan's Famous</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:159px;max-width:159px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:235px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Freak_bar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Freak Bar, a Coney Island bar with a Freakshow/Sideshow theme" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Freak_bar.jpg/157px-Freak_bar.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Freak_bar.jpg/236px-Freak_bar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Freak_bar.jpg/314px-Freak_bar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The Freak Bar</div></div></div></div></div> Coney Island USA sponsors various seasonal acts every year. In April, the organization hosts the Noisefest and the Congress of Curious Peoples. This is followed in May or June by the <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Mermaid_Parade" title="Coney Island Mermaid Parade">Coney Island Mermaid Parade</a>, which takes place on Surf Avenue and the boardwalk, and features <a href="/wiki/Float_(parade)" title="Float (parade)">floats</a> and performances. During August or September, Coney Island USA produces the Beard and Moustache Competition; Tattoo and Motorcycle Festival; and Coney Island Film Festival. The organization then hosts the Creepshow at the Freakshow, an interactive <a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a>-themed event, in October.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> The annual Cosme 5K Charity Run/Walk, supported by the Coney Island Sports Foundation, takes place on the Riegelmann Boardwalk toward the end of June.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> A major national <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a> tournament hosted by the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Volleyball_Professionals" title="Association of Volleyball Professionals">Association of Volleyball Professionals</a> (AVP), which is typically hosted on the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a> of the U.S., was held in Coney Island starting in 2006. The AVP built a 4,000-seat stadium and twelve outer courts next to the boardwalk for the event.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> When AVP tournaments resumed in Brooklyn in 2015, they were hosted at <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge_Park" title="Brooklyn Bridge Park">Brooklyn Bridge Park</a> instead.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> In 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Ringling_Bros._and_Barnum_%26_Bailey_Circus" title="Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus">Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus</a> performed in Coney Island for the first time since 1956. The event, titled The Coney Island Boom-A-Ring, was housed in tents that were located between the boardwalk and Surf Avenue.<a href="#cite_note-bp20100604-266">[266]</a> The following year, they returned to the same location with The Coney Island Illuscination.<a href="#cite_note-bp20100604-266">[266]</a> In May 2015, Thor Equities unveiled Coney Art Walls, a public art wall project curated by former <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art,_Los_Angeles" title="Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles">Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles</a> director <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Deitch" title="Jeffrey Deitch">Jeffrey Deitch</a> and Thor CEO Joe Sitt. Located at 3050 Stillwell Avenue, the project featured work from more than 30 artists.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> The exhibition started being held annually through at least 2019.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1508px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Coney_Island_panorama_(June_2016)_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama of Coney Island waterfront as seen from the pier in June 2016"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coney_Island_panorama_%28June_2016%29_2.jpg/1500px-Coney_Island_panorama_%28June_2016%29_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="1500" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coney_Island_panorama_%28June_2016%29_2.jpg/2250px-Coney_Island_panorama_%28June_2016%29_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Coney_Island_panorama_%28June_2016%29_2.jpg/3000px-Coney_Island_panorama_%28June_2016%29_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="21652" data-file-height="3635" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Coney_Island_panorama_(June_2016)_2.jpg" title="File:Coney Island panorama (June 2016) 2.jpg"> </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Panorama of Coney Island waterfront as seen from the pier in June 2016</div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:W15_CI_volunteers_arrive_Sandy_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/W15_CI_volunteers_arrive_Sandy_jeh.jpg/220px-W15_CI_volunteers_arrive_Sandy_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/W15_CI_volunteers_arrive_Sandy_jeh.jpg/330px-W15_CI_volunteers_arrive_Sandy_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/W15_CI_volunteers_arrive_Sandy_jeh.jpg/440px-W15_CI_volunteers_arrive_Sandy_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>Volunteers arrive to clear the boardwalk after <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy" title="Hurricane Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</a>.</figcaption></figure> Based on data from the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 United States Census">2010 United States Census</a>, the combined population of Coney Island and Sea Gate was 31,965, a decrease of 2,302 (6.7%) from the 34,267 counted in <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States Census">2000</a>. Covering an area of 851.49 acres (344.59 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 37.5 inhabitants per acre (24,000/sq mi; 9,300/km2).<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 32.2% (10,307) <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">African American</a>, 30.9% (9,880) <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">White</a>, 8.7% (2,793) <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, 0.2% (78) <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 0.0% (4) <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a>, 0.2% (67) from <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">other races</a>, and 1.5% (467) from two or more races. <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> of any race were 26.2% (8,369) of the population.<a href="#cite_note-PLP3A-270">[270]</a> 82% of the population were <a href="/wiki/High_school" class="mw-redirect" title="High school">high school</a> graduates and 40% had a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a> or higher.<a href="#cite_note-PLP3A-270">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-CHP2018-271">[271]</a>: 2  The entirety of Community Board 13 had 106,459 inhabitants as of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Health_and_Mental_Hygiene" title="New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene">NYC Health</a>'s 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 80.4 years.<a href="#cite_note-CHP2018-271">[271]</a>: 2, 20  This is lower than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.<a href="#cite_note-:21-272">[272]</a>: 53 (PDF p. 84)  Most inhabitants are adults, with 25% between the ages of 25–44, 27% between 45 and 64, and 22% who are at least 65 years old. The ratio of young and college-aged residents was lower, at 19% and 8%, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-CHP2018-271">[271]</a>: 2  Coney Island's elderly population, as a share of the area's total population, is higher than in other New York City neighborhoods.<a href="#cite_note-:14-273">[273]</a>: 6  As of 2016, the median <a href="/wiki/Household_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Household income">household income</a> in Community District 13 was $39,213.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> In 2018, an estimated 24% of Coney Island residents lived in poverty, compared to 21% in all of Brooklyn and 20% in all of New York City. One in eight residents (11%) were unemployed, compared to 9% in the rest of both Brooklyn and New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 55% in Coney Island, slightly higher than the citywide and boroughwide rates of 52% and 51%, respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit">[update]</a>, Coney Island is not considered to be <a href="/wiki/Gentrification" title="Gentrification">gentrifying</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CHP2018-271">[271]</a>: 7  According to the 2020 census data from <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_City_Planning" title="New York City Department of City Planning">New York City Department of City Planning</a>, there were between 20,000 and 29,999 White residents, 10,000 to 19,999 Black residents, 5,000 to 9,999 Hispanic residents, and less than 5000 Asian residents.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_representation">Political representation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Political representation">edit</a>]</div> Politically, Coney Island is in <a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="New York's 8th congressional district">New York's 8th congressional district</a>.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> It is also in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Senate" title="New York State Senate">New York State Senate</a>'s 23rd district,<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly" title="New York State Assembly">New York State Assembly</a>'s 46th district,<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Council" title="New York City Council">New York City Council</a>'s 47th district.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Police_and_crime">Police and crime</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Police and crime">edit</a>]</div> Coney Island is patrolled by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">New York City Police Department</a> (NYPD)'s 60th Precinct, located at 2950 West Eighth Street.<a href="#cite_note-NYPD_60th_Precinct-4">[4]</a> Transit District 34 is located at 1243 Surf Avenue, within the <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island%E2%80%93Stillwell_Avenue_(New_York_City_Subway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue (New York City Subway)">Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue</a> subway station.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> The 60th Precinct ranked 34th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. Between 1993 and 2010, major crimes decreased by 72%, including a 76% decrease in robberies, 71% decrease in felony assaults, and 67% decrease in shootings.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> As of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit">[update]</a>, with a non-fatal assault rate of 51 per 100,000 people, Coney Island's rate of <a href="/wiki/Violent_crime" title="Violent crime">violent crimes</a> per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 168 per 100,000 people is about the same as that of the city as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-CHP2018-271">[271]</a>: 8  The 60th Precinct has a substantially lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 77.5% between 1990 and 2022. The precinct reported five murders, 16 rapes, 179 robberies, 373 felony assaults, 159 burglaries, 527 grand larcenies, and 121 grand larcenies auto in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fire_safety">Fire safety</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Fire safety">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CI_Engine_318_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/CI_Engine_318_jeh.jpg/220px-CI_Engine_318_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/CI_Engine_318_jeh.jpg/330px-CI_Engine_318_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/CI_Engine_318_jeh.jpg/440px-CI_Engine_318_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3031" data-file-height="2698" /></a><figcaption>Engine Co. 318/Ladder Co. 166</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department" title="New York City Fire Department">New York City Fire Department</a> (FDNY) operates two <a href="/wiki/Firehouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Firehouse">firehouses</a> in the area.<a href="#cite_note-fdny-locs-5">[5]</a> Engine Company 318/Ladder Company 166 is located at 2510 Neptune Avenue.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> It contains the <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Fire_Station_Pumping_Station" title="Coney Island Fire Station Pumping Station">Coney Island Fire Station Pumping Station</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Brooklyn" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Brooklyn">listed</a> on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> Engine Company 245/Ladder Company 161/Battalion 43 is located at 2929 West 8th Street.<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a> In addition, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department_Bureau_of_EMS" title="New York City Fire Department Bureau of EMS">FDNY EMS</a> Station 43 is on the grounds of Coney Island Hospital.<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Health">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CIH_@_Shore_%26_Ocean_Pkwys_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/CIH_%40_Shore_%26_Ocean_Pkwys_jeh.jpg/220px-CIH_%40_Shore_%26_Ocean_Pkwys_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/CIH_%40_Shore_%26_Ocean_Pkwys_jeh.jpg/330px-CIH_%40_Shore_%26_Ocean_Pkwys_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/CIH_%40_Shore_%26_Ocean_Pkwys_jeh.jpg/440px-CIH_%40_Shore_%26_Ocean_Pkwys_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Coney Island Hospital</figcaption></figure> As of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit">[update]</a>, <a href="/wiki/Preterm_birth" title="Preterm birth">preterm births</a> and births to teenage mothers are slightly more common in Coney Island than in other places citywide. In Coney Island, there were 95 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide) and 20.2 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide), slightly higher than in the median neighborhood.<a href="#cite_note-CHP2018-271">[271]</a>: 11  Coney Island has a high population of residents who are <a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_coverage_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance coverage in the United States">uninsured</a>, or who receive healthcare through <a href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:14-273">[273]</a> In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 14%, which is higher than the citywide rate of 12%.<a href="#cite_note-CHP2018-271">[271]</a>: 14  The concentration of <a href="/wiki/Particulates" title="Particulates">fine particulate matter</a>, the deadliest type of <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air pollutant</a>, in Coney Island is 0.0067 milligrams per cubic metre (6.7×10−9 oz/cu ft), lower than the citywide and boroughwide averages.<a href="#cite_note-CHP2018-271">[271]</a>: 9  Nineteen percent of Coney Island residents are <a href="/wiki/Smoking" title="Smoking">smokers</a>, which is higher the city average of 14% of residents being smokers.<a href="#cite_note-CHP2018-271">[271]</a>: 13  In Coney Island, 28% of residents are <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obese</a>, 15% are <a href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetes mellitus">diabetic</a>, and 31% have <a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">high blood pressure</a>—higher than the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28%, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-CHP2018-271">[271]</a>: 16  In addition, 18% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.<a href="#cite_note-CHP2018-271">[271]</a>: 12  Ninety-two percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is slightly higher than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 70% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", lower than the city's average of 78%.<a href="#cite_note-CHP2018-271">[271]</a>: 13  For every supermarket in Coney Island, there are 21 <a href="/wiki/Convenience_store" title="Convenience store">bodegas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CHP2018-271">[271]</a>: 10  The primary hospital in the neighborhood is <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Coney Island Hospital">Coney Island Hospital</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:14-273">[273]</a>: 6  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post_offices_and_ZIP_Codes">Post offices and ZIP Codes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Post offices and ZIP Codes">edit</a>]</div> Coney Island's primary <a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Code</a> is 11224,<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> though small portions located east of West 1st Street and <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Parkway_(Brooklyn)" title="Ocean Parkway (Brooklyn)">Ocean Parkway</a> are located in ZIP Code 11235.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> There are two <a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Post Office">United States Post Office</a> branches in Coney Island. The Coney Island Station is located at 2727 Mermaid Avenue,<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> and the Neptune Station is located at 532 Neptune Avenue.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> Coney Island generally has a similar ratio of college-educated residents to the rest of the city as of 2018<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit">[update]</a>. While 45% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 18% have less than a high school education and 37% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 40% of Brooklynites and 38% of city residents have a college education or higher.<a href="#cite_note-CHP2018-271">[271]</a>: 6  The percentage of Coney Island students excelling in math has been increasing, though reading achievement has declined; math achievement rose from 53 percent in 2000 to 72 percent in 2011, but reading achievement fell from 57 to 55 percent within the same time period.<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> Coney Island's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is higher than the rest of New York City. In Coney Island, 26% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per <a href="/wiki/School_year" class="mw-redirect" title="School year">school year</a>, compared to the citywide average of 20% of students.<a href="#cite_note-:21-272">[272]</a>: 24 (PDF p. 55) <a href="#cite_note-CHP2018-271">[271]</a>: 7  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elementary,_middle,_and_high_schools">Elementary, middle, and high schools</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Elementary, middle, and high schools">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abraham_Lincoln_High_School.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Abraham_Lincoln_High_School.jpg/220px-Abraham_Lincoln_High_School.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Abraham_Lincoln_High_School.jpg/330px-Abraham_Lincoln_High_School.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Abraham_Lincoln_High_School.jpg/440px-Abraham_Lincoln_High_School.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Abraham Lincoln High School</figcaption></figure> Coney Island is served by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Education" title="New York City Department of Education">New York City Department of Education</a>, and students in the neighborhood are automatically "zoned" into the nearest public schools. The zoned schools for the main portion of Coney Island include: <ul><li>PS 90 Edna Cohen School (grades K-5)<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a></li> <li>PS 100 Coney Island School (grades K-5)<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt20061119-299">[299]</a></li> <li>PS 188 The Michael E. Berdy School (grades K-4)<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a></li> <li>PS/IS 288 The Shirley Tanyhill School (grades PK-8)<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a></li> <li>IS 303 Herbert S. Eisenberg (grades 6–8)<a href="#cite_note-nyt20061119-299">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a></li> <li>PS 329 (grades PK-5)<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a></li></ul> IS 239, the <a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain_School_for_the_Gifted_and_Talented" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Twain School for the Gifted and Talented">Mark Twain School for the Gifted and Talented</a> (6–8), is a <a href="/wiki/Magnet_school" title="Magnet school">magnet school</a> for gifted students, and it accepts students from around the city.<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a> In 2006, David Scharfenberg of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> said, "Coney Island's elementary schools are a mixed lot, with only some exceeding citywide averages on the state's testing regimen."<a href="#cite_note-nyt20061119-299">[299]</a> All New York City high school students can go to any high school in the city. There are two public high schools in Coney Island: <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_High_School_(Brooklyn)" title="Abraham Lincoln High School (Brooklyn)">Abraham Lincoln High School</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt20061119-299">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson_High_School_for_Coastal_Studies" title="Rachel Carson High School for Coastal Studies">Rachel Carson High School for Coastal Studies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_library">Public library</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Public library">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CI_BPL_1901_Mermaid_Av_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CI_BPL_1901_Mermaid_Av_jeh.jpg/220px-CI_BPL_1901_Mermaid_Av_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CI_BPL_1901_Mermaid_Av_jeh.jpg/330px-CI_BPL_1901_Mermaid_Av_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CI_BPL_1901_Mermaid_Av_jeh.jpg/440px-CI_BPL_1901_Mermaid_Av_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2385" data-file-height="2348" /></a><figcaption>Coney Island library branch</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Public_Library" title="Brooklyn Public Library">Brooklyn Public Library</a> (BPL)'s Coney Island branch is located at 1901 Mermaid Avenue, near the intersection with West 19th Street. It opened in 1911 as an unmanned deposit station. Ten years later, it moved to the former <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island_Times&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coney Island Times (page does not exist)">Coney Island Times</a> offices and became fully staffed. In 1954 another branch was built. According to BPL's website, the library was referred to as "the first-ever library built on stilts over the Atlantic Ocean." The branch was rebuilt in 2013 after being damaged in Hurricane Sandy.<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coney_IslandStillwell.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Coney_IslandStillwell.JPG/220px-Coney_IslandStillwell.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Coney_IslandStillwell.JPG/330px-Coney_IslandStillwell.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Coney_IslandStillwell.JPG/440px-Coney_IslandStillwell.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1952" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Coney_Island%E2%80%93Stillwell_Avenue_station" title="Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue station">Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue station</a></figcaption></figure> Coney Island is served by four <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a> stations.<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-MTA-NameofNeighborhood-2015-310">[310]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island%E2%80%93Stillwell_Avenue_station" title="Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue station">Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue station</a>, the terminal of the <a href="/wiki/D_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="D (New York City Subway service)">D</a>, <a href="/wiki/F_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="F (New York City Subway service)">F</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fd_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fd (New York City Subway service)"><F></a>, <a href="/wiki/N_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="N (New York City Subway service)">N</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Q_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="Q (New York City Subway service)">Q</a> trains, is one of the largest elevated rapid transit stations in the world, with eight tracks serving four platforms.<a href="#cite_note-MTA-Stillwell-2014-311">[311]</a> The entire station, built in 1917–1920 as a replacement for the former surface-level <a href="/wiki/Culver_Depot" title="Culver Depot">Culver Depot</a>,<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a> was rebuilt in 2001–2004.<a href="#cite_note-nyt20050528-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-MTA-Stillwell-2014-311">[311]</a> The other subway stations within Coney Island are <a href="/wiki/West_Eighth_Street%E2%80%93New_York_Aquarium_station" title="West Eighth Street–New York Aquarium station">West Eighth Street–New York Aquarium</a>, served by the F, <F>, and Q trains; <a href="/wiki/Neptune_Avenue_station" title="Neptune Avenue station">Neptune Avenue</a>, served by the F and <F> trains; and <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Parkway_station" title="Ocean Parkway station">Ocean Parkway</a>, served by the Q train.<a href="#cite_note-MTA-NameofNeighborhood-2015-310">[310]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Bus_station" title="Bus station">bus terminal</a> beneath the Stillwell Avenue station serves the <a href="/wiki/B68_(New_York_City_bus)" title="B68 (New York City bus)">B68</a> to <a href="/wiki/Prospect_Park_(Brooklyn)" title="Prospect Park (Brooklyn)">Prospect Park</a>, the <a href="/wiki/B74_(New_York_City_bus)" title="B74 (New York City bus)">B74</a> to Sea Gate, the <a href="/wiki/B64_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="B64 (New York City bus)">B64</a> to <a href="/wiki/Bay_Ridge,_Brooklyn" title="Bay Ridge, Brooklyn">Bay Ridge</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/B82_(New_York_City_bus)" title="B82 (New York City bus)">B82</a> to <a href="/wiki/Starrett_City,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Starrett City, Brooklyn">Starrett City</a>. Additionally, the <a href="/wiki/B36_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="B36 (New York City bus)">B36</a> runs from Sea Gate to <a href="/wiki/Sheepshead_Bay,_Brooklyn" title="Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn">Sheepshead Bay</a>. The <a href="/wiki/X28_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="X28 (New York City bus)">X28</a> and <a href="/wiki/X38_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="X38 (New York City bus)">X38</a> provide express bus service to Manhattan.<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a> The three main west–east arteries in the neighborhood are (from north to south) Neptune Avenue, Mermaid Avenue, and Surf Avenue. Neptune Avenue becomes Emmons Avenue at Sheepshead Bay, while Surf Avenue becomes <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Parkway_(Brooklyn)" title="Ocean Parkway (Brooklyn)">Ocean Parkway</a> and then runs north toward Prospect Park. The north–south cross streets in Coney Island are numbered, with "West" prepended to their numbers. The street numbers run from West 1st Street at Coney Island's eastern border to West 37th Street at the western border, adjacent to Sea Gate.<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a> Coney Island contains several <a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_New_York_City" title="Cycling in New York City">bicycle paths</a>. The Ocean Parkway bicycle path terminates in the neighborhood, while the <a href="/wiki/Shore_Parkway" class="mw-redirect" title="Shore Parkway">Shore Parkway</a> bike path (part of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brooklyn_Waterfront_Greenway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway (page does not exist)">Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway</a>) runs east along <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Bay" title="Jamaica Bay">Jamaica Bay</a> and west and north along New York Harbor. On-street bike lanes are marked on Neptune Avenue and other streets in Coney Island. In addition, the Riegelmann Boardwalk is open to cyclists during the daytime, though bicycling hours are restricted during the summer months.<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a> In 2019, <a href="/wiki/NYC_Ferry" title="NYC Ferry">NYC Ferry</a> announced that the western part of Coney Island would be served by the Coney Island ferry route.<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> The implementation of the Coney Island route was delayed indefinitely in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-The_City_2022-319">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_in_popular_culture" title="Coney Island in popular culture">Coney Island in popular culture</a></div> Coney Island has been featured in many novels, films, television shows, cartoons, and theatrical plays.<a href="#cite_note-Immerso2002-59">[59]</a>: 176 <a href="#cite_note-Rabinovitz_2004-321">[321]</a> This is linked to its iconic status as a vacation destination.<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> Various <a href="/wiki/Slapstick" title="Slapstick">slapstick</a> comedies and films have been set at Coney Island or allude to it. There have also been several television documentaries about the area's history.<a href="#cite_note-Rabinovitz_2004-321">[321]</a>: 137–142 <a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> Notable current and former residents of Coney Island include: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable selfref">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Coney_Island" title="Category:People from Coney Island">Category:People from Coney Island</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bud_Abbott" title="Bud Abbott">Bud Abbott</a> (1897–1974), comedian, actor and producer. He was best known as the straight man half of the comedy duo <a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello" title="Abbott and Costello">Abbott and Costello</a><a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Auletta" title="Ken Auletta">Ken Auletta</a> (born 1942), author, political columnist for the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a> and media critic for <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a><a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Bonomo_(strongman)" title="Joe Bonomo (strongman)">Joe Bonomo (strongman)</a> (1901–1978), weightlifter, strongman, film stunt performer and actor<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Della_Femina" title="Jerry Della Femina">Jerry Della Femina</a> (born 1936), advertising executive and restaurateur<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_E._Dillon" title="Mary E. Dillon">Mary E. Dillon</a> (1886–1983), businesswoman and president of Brooklyn Borough Gas Company<a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Feinstein" title="Harold Feinstein">Harold Feinstein</a> (1931–2015), photographer<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Feist" title="Gene Feist">Gene Feist</a> (1923–2014), playwright, theater director and co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Roundabout_Theater_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Roundabout Theater Company">Roundabout Theater Company</a><a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Feldman" title="Irving Feldman">Irving Feldman</a> (born 1928), poet and professor of English<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Feldman" title="Sandra Feldman">Sandra Feldman</a> (1939–2005), educator and labor leader who served as president of the <a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Teachers" title="American Federation of Teachers">American Federation of Teachers</a><a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Finkelstein" title="Nat Finkelstein">Nat Finkelstein</a> (1933–2009), photographer and photojournalist<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Goad" title="Debbie Goad">Debbie Goad</a> (1954–2000), journalist and assistant editor of the magazine <a href="/wiki/Answer_Me!" title="Answer Me!">Answer Me!</a><a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlene_Gottfried" title="Arlene Gottfried">Arlene Gottfried</a> (1950–2017), street photographer who was known for recording the candid scenes of ordinary daily life<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Gottfried" title="Gilbert Gottfried">Gilbert Gottfried</a> (1955–2022), stand-up comedian and actor, best known for his exaggerated shrill voice<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_Greenbaum" title="Marty Greenbaum">Marty Greenbaum</a> (1934–2020), painter, mixed media assemblage and book artist<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Harris_(politician)" title="Pamela Harris (politician)">Pamela Harris</a>, politician who was a member of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly" title="New York State Assembly">New York State Assembly</a> representing the 46th Assembly District from 2015 to 2018<a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Illions" title="Marcus Illions">Marcus Illions</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1871–1949), master carver of wooden carousel horses in the early 20th century, who was called "the Michelangelo of carousel carvers" by <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a><a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rena_Kanokogi" title="Rena Kanokogi">Rena Kanokogi</a> (1935–2009), judo expert<a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kirsch" title="Robert Kirsch">Robert Kirsch</a> (1922–1980), literary critic and author, who was the literary editor of <a href="/wiki/The_Los_Angeles_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Los Angeles Times">The Los Angeles Times</a> for two decades<a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephon_Marbury" title="Stephon Marbury">Stephon Marbury</a> (born 1977), former professional basketball player<a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellegrino_Morano" title="Pellegrino Morano">Pellegrino Morano</a> (1877–unknown), head of a group of Neapolitan criminals with roots in the <a href="/wiki/Camorra" title="Camorra">Camorra</a><a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikita_Nesterenko" title="Nikita Nesterenko">Nikita Nesterenko</a> (born 2001), professional ice hockey center who currently plays for the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Gulls" title="San Diego Gulls">San Diego Gulls</a><a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_Perlman" title="Rhea Perlman">Rhea Perlman</a> (born 1948), actress<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._J._Perry_(artist)" title="E. J. Perry (artist)">E. J. Perry</a> (1880–1946), early-twentieth-century silhouette artist<a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Rollino" title="Joe Rollino">Joe Rollino</a> (1905–2010), weightlifter and strongman who dubbed himself the world's strongest man in the 1920s<a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Rosenberg" title="Larry Rosenberg">Larry Rosenberg</a> (born 1932), Buddhist teacher<a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Sexter" title="Jay Sexter">Jay Sexter</a>, educator who was the president of <a href="/wiki/Mercy_University" title="Mercy University">Mercy College</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayisha_Siddiqa" title="Ayisha Siddiqa">Ayisha Siddiqa</a> (born 1999), climate justice advocate<a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Snyder" title="Don Snyder">Don Snyder</a> (1934–2010), photographer and multimedia artist<a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Tilyou" title="George C. Tilyou">George C. Tilyou</a> (1862–1914), entrepreneur and showman who founded <a href="/wiki/Steeplechase_Park" title="Steeplechase Park">Steeplechase Park</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burt_Topper" title="Burt Topper">Burt Topper</a> (1928–2007), film director and screenwriter best known for cult films<a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Tress" title="Arthur Tress">Arthur Tress</a> (born 1940), photographer known for his staged surrealism<a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDenson2002" class="citation book cs1">Denson, Charles (2002). Coney Island: Lost and Found. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781580084550" title="Special:BookSources/9781580084550"><bdi>9781580084550</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coney+Island%3A+Lost+and+Found&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pub=Ten+Speed+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781580084550&rft.aulast=Denson&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCPlanning-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCPlanning_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCPlanning_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov/brooklyn/13">"NYC Planning | Community Profiles"</a>. communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov. 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New Haven: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. p. 299. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11465-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11465-2"><bdi>978-0-300-11465-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+New+York+City&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pages=299&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-300-11465-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kadinsky2016-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kadinsky2016_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kadinsky2016_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kadinsky2016_7-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKadinsky2016" class="citation book cs1">Kadinsky, Sergey (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Czw1CgAAQBAJ">Hidden Waters of New York City: A History and Guide to 101 Forgotten Lakes, Ponds, Creeks, and Streams in the Five Boroughs</a>. New York, NY: Countryman Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58157-566-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58157-566-8"><bdi>978-1-58157-566-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hidden+Waters+of+New+York+City%3A+A+History+and+Guide+to+101+Forgotten+Lakes%2C+Ponds%2C+Creeks%2C+and+Streams+in+the+Five+Boroughs&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Countryman+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-58157-566-8&rft.aulast=Kadinsky&rft.aufirst=Sergey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCzw1CgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usgs.gov/science-support/osqi/yes/national-parks/geology-new-york-city-region/">"Geology of the New York City Region"</a>. www.usgs.gov. 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Retrieved July 18, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Coney+Has+a+War+Boom%3B+There+Are+Priorities%2C+Shortages+and+the+Dimout%2C+but+the+Subway+Is+Convenient&rft.date=1943-06-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Lindheim&rft.aufirst=Burton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1943%2F06%2F27%2Farchives%2Fconey-has-a-war-boom-there-are-priorities-shortages-and-the-dimout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt19320714-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19320714_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19320714_78-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19320714_78-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1932/07/14/archives/early-coney-fires-razed-large-areas-dreamland-was-burned-in-1911.html">"Early Coney Fires Razed Large Areas – Dreamland Was Burned in 1911 With Damage Estimated at More Than $5,000,000 – Steeplechase Fire in 1907 – Loss Kept Down to $1,500,000 When Wind Shifted – In 1908 Flames Destroyed Two Hotels"</a>. The New York Times. July 14, 1932. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 12, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Early+Coney+Fires+Razed+Large+Areas+%E2%80%93+Dreamland+Was+Burned+in+1911+With+Damage+Estimated+at+More+Than+%245%2C000%2C000+%E2%80%93+Steeplechase+Fire+in+1907+%E2%80%93+Loss+Kept+Down+to+%241%2C500%2C000+When+Wind+Shifted+%E2%80%93+In+1908+Flames+Destroyed+Two+Hotels&rft.date=1932-07-14&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1932%2F07%2F14%2Farchives%2Fearly-coney-fires-razed-large-areas-dreamland-was-burned-in-1911.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-esg19320714-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-esg19320714_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-esg19320714_79-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/33793308/">"$3,000,000 Fire Sweeps Over Coney Island"</a>. Elmira Star-Gazette. July 14, 1932. p. 1. Retrieved July 12, 2019 – via newspapers.com <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Elmira+Star-Gazette&rft.atitle=%243%2C000%2C000+Fire+Sweeps+Over+Coney+Island&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1932-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F33793308%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1907/07/29/archives/coney-swept-by-1500000-fire-steeplechase-park-and-blocks-of-flimsy.html">"Coney Swept by $1,500,000 Fire – Steeplechase Park and Blocks of Flimsy Bowery Buildings in Ruins – Starts in Cave of Winds – Eats Over 35 Acres of Wooden Structures – Checked at Stauch's Brick Hotel – One May Die; Dozen Hurt – Many Uninsured Business Men Ruined – Tilyou, Chief Loser, Takes It Bravely – Coney's Gayety Is Unchecked"</a>. The New York Times. July 29, 1907. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 11, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Coney+Swept+by+%241%2C500%2C000+Fire+%E2%80%93+Steeplechase+Park+and+Blocks+of+Flimsy+Bowery+Buildings+in+Ruins+%E2%80%93+Starts+in+Cave+of+Winds+%E2%80%93+Eats+Over+35+Acres+of+Wooden+Structures+%E2%80%93+Checked+at+Stauch%27s+Brick+Hotel+%E2%80%93+One+May+Die%3B+Dozen+Hurt+%E2%80%93+Many+Uninsured+Business+Men+Ruined+%E2%80%93+Tilyou%2C+Chief+Loser%2C+Takes+It+Bravely+%E2%80%93+Coney%27s+Gayety+Is+Unchecked&rft.date=1907-07-29&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1907%2F07%2F29%2Farchives%2Fconey-swept-by-1500000-fire-steeplechase-park-and-blocks-of-flimsy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Investigating Fire at Coney; No More Tinsel Buildings". Brooklyn Citizen. July 29, 1907. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/33760417/">1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/33760426/">10</a> – via newspapers.com <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Citizen&rft.atitle=Investigating+Fire+at+Coney%3B+No+More+Tinsel+Buildings&rft.pages=1%2C+10&rft.date=1907-07-29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1909/05/16/archives/the-lambs-gambol-brooklyn-amusements-greater-dreamland-opening.html">"The Lambs' Gambol – Brooklyn Amusements – Greater Dreamland, Opening Steeplechase Park"</a>. The New York Times. May 16, 1909. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 11, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Lambs%27+Gambol+%E2%80%93+Brooklyn+Amusements+%E2%80%93+Greater+Dreamland%2C+Opening+Steeplechase+Park&rft.date=1909-05-16&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1909%2F05%2F16%2Farchives%2Fthe-lambs-gambol-brooklyn-amusements-greater-dreamland-opening.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1911/06/04/archives/rang-two-nines-for-dreamland-fire-first-time-the-call-ever-was.html">"Rang 'Two Nines' for Dreamland Fire – First Time the Call Ever Was Sounded for a Fire in Brooklyn Borough – What the Signal Means – Called Out 33 Companies and 250 Men – Longest Run Was More Than Nine Miles – Great Race to the Sea"</a>. The New York Times. June 4, 1911. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 12, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rang+%27Two+Nines%27+for+Dreamland+Fire+%E2%80%93+First+Time+the+Call+Ever+Was+Sounded+for+a+Fire+in+Brooklyn+Borough+%E2%80%93+What+the+Signal+Means+%E2%80%93+Called+Out+33+Companies+and+250+Men+%E2%80%93+Longest+Run+Was+More+Than+Nine+Miles+%E2%80%93+Great+Race+to+the+Sea&rft.date=1911-06-04&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1911%2F06%2F04%2Farchives%2Frang-two-nines-for-dreamland-fire-first-time-the-call-ever-was.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1932/07/14/archives/1000-are-made-homeless-one-of-resorts-worst-fires-razes-section-of.html">"1,000 Are Made Homeless – One of Resort's Worst Fires Razes Section of Boardwalk – Blaze Starts in Rubbish – Burns District Between 21st and 24th Streets – Shift in 40-Mile Wind Saves Large Area – Flames Visible for Miles – 500 Receive First-Aid – Police Rush Help to the Destitute – Manhattan Sends Apparatus"</a>. The New York Times. July 14, 1932. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 12, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=1%2C000+Are+Made+Homeless+%E2%80%93+One+of+Resort%27s+Worst+Fires+Razes+Section+of+Boardwalk+%E2%80%93+Blaze+Starts+in+Rubbish+%E2%80%93+Burns+District+Between+21st+and+24th+Streets+%E2%80%93+Shift+in+40-Mile+Wind+Saves+Large+Area+%E2%80%93+Flames+Visible+for+Miles+%E2%80%93+500+Receive+First-Aid+%E2%80%93+Police+Rush+Help+to+the+Destitute+%E2%80%93+Manhattan+Sends+Apparatus&rft.date=1932-07-14&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1932%2F07%2F14%2Farchives%2F1000-are-made-homeless-one-of-resorts-worst-fires-razes-section-of.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamb2006" class="citation news cs1">Lamb, Jonah Owen (August 6, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/06/nyregion/thecity/06grav.html">"The Ghost Ships of Coney Island Creek (Published 2006)"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved October 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Ghost+Ships+of+Coney+Island+Creek+%28Published+2006%29&rft.date=2006-08-06&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Lamb&rft.aufirst=Jonah+Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F08%2F06%2Fnyregion%2Fthecity%2F06grav.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoses1937" class="citation book cs1">Moses, Robert (1937). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/improvementofcon00newy/improvementofcon00newy_djvu.txt">Improvement of Coney Island, Rockaway and South Beaches</a>. Retrieved July 26, 2018 – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Improvement+of+Coney+Island%2C+Rockaway+and+South+Beaches&rft.date=1937&rft.aulast=Moses&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fimprovementofcon00newy%2Fimprovementofcon00newy_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1939/06/25/archives/mayor-ready-to-remodel-coney-asks-moses-for-revised-plan-indicates.html">"Mayor Ready to Remodel Coney, Asks Moses for Revised Plan; Indicates He Favors Reconstruction of Resort on Broader Scale Than 1937 Proposal – Says Demand for Recreation Has Changed Mayor for Broad Plan Mayor's Letter to Moses Held Up by Lack of Funds"</a>. The New York Times. June 25, 1939. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mayor+Ready+to+Remodel+Coney%2C+Asks+Moses+for+Revised+Plan%3B+Indicates+He+Favors+Reconstruction+of+Resort+on+Broader+Scale+Than+1937+Proposal+%E2%80%93+Says+Demand+for+Recreation+Has+Changed+Mayor+for+Broad+Plan+Mayor%27s+Letter+to+Moses+Held+Up+by+Lack+of+Funds&rft.date=1939-06-25&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1939%2F06%2F25%2Farchives%2Fmayor-ready-to-remodel-coney-asks-moses-for-revised-plan-indicates.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1946/05/05/archives/face-lifted-coney-awaits-old-gang-amusement-owners-put-paint-on-the.html">"Face Lifted, Coney Awaits Old Gang – Amusement Owners Put Paint on the Rides and Trot Out a Few New Super-Thrillers"</a>. The New York Times. May 5, 1946. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 9, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Face+Lifted%2C+Coney+Awaits+Old+Gang+%E2%80%93+Amusement+Owners+Put+Paint+on+the+Rides+and+Trot+Out+a+Few+New+Super-Thrillers&rft.date=1946-05-05&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1946%2F05%2F05%2Farchives%2Fface-lifted-coney-awaits-old-gang-amusement-owners-put-paint-on-the.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1944/08/13/archives/half-of-luna-park-destroyed-by-fire-as-750000-watch-flames-sweep.html">"Half of Luna Park Destroyed by Fire as 750,000 Watch – Flames Sweep Over 8-Acre Area and Cause $500,000 Loss in 1 1/2-Hour Battle"</a>. The New York Times. August 13, 1944. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 22, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Half+of+Luna+Park+Destroyed+by+Fire+as+750%2C000+Watch+%E2%80%93+Flames+Sweep+Over+8-Acre+Area+and+Cause+%24500%2C000+Loss+in+1+1%2F2-Hour+Battle&rft.date=1944-08-13&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1944%2F08%2F13%2Farchives%2Fhalf-of-luna-park-destroyed-by-fire-as-750000-watch-flames-sweep.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1946/08/18/archives/coneys-oid-luna-park-will-yield-to-new-homes-for-625-gi-families.html">"Coney's Old Luna Park Will Yield To New Homes for 625 GI Families – Luna Park to Bow to Homes for GI's"</a>. The New York Times. August 18, 1946. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 22, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Coney%27s+Old+Luna+Park+Will+Yield+To+New+Homes+for+625+GI+Families+%E2%80%93+Luna+Park+to+Bow+to+Homes+for+GI%27s&rft.date=1946-08-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1946%2F08%2F18%2Farchives%2Fconeys-oid-luna-park-will-yield-to-new-homes-for-625-gi-families.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1949/08/18/archives/new-parking-lots-planned-by-moses-25cent-fee-would-be-charged-for.html">"New Parking Lots Planned by Moses – 25-Cent Fee Would Be Charged for Facilities at Coney Island and Rockaway Beach"</a>. The New York Times. August 18, 1949. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 22, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Parking+Lots+Planned+by+Moses+%E2%80%93+25-Cent+Fee+Would+Be+Charged+for+Facilities+at+Coney+Island+and+Rockaway+Beach&rft.date=1949-08-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1949%2F08%2F18%2Farchives%2Fnew-parking-lots-planned-by-moses-25cent-fee-would-be-charged-for.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt19491006-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19491006_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19491006_92-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1949/10/06/archives/public-seen-tiring-of-coney-gimmicks-moses-says-people-are-turning.html">"Public Seen Tiring of Coney Gimmicks – Moses Says People Are Turning to Places Like Jones Beach as Against 'Gadget' Resorts – Long Beach 'A Warning' – Commissioner Advises Jersey Group Not to Commercialize Sandy Hook Project"</a>. The New York Times. October 6, 1949. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 22, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Public+Seen+Tiring+of+Coney+Gimmicks+%E2%80%93+Moses+Says+People+Are+Turning+to+Places+Like+Jones+Beach+as+Against+%27Gadget%27+Resorts+%E2%80%93+Long+Beach+%27A+Warning%27+%E2%80%93+Commissioner+Advises+Jersey+Group+Not+to+Commercialize+Sandy+Hook+Project&rft.date=1949-10-06&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1949%2F10%2F06%2Farchives%2Fpublic-seen-tiring-of-coney-gimmicks-moses-says-people-are-turning.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1949/04/07/archives/steeplechase-pier-plan-closing-in-summer-slated-for-190000.html">"Steeplechase Pier Plan – Closing in Summer Slated for $190,000 Rebuilding"</a>. The New York Times. April 7, 1949. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 22, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Steeplechase+Pier+Plan+%E2%80%93+Closing+in+Summer+Slated+for+%24190%2C000+Rebuilding&rft.date=1949-04-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1949%2F04%2F07%2Farchives%2Fsteeplechase-pier-plan-closing-in-summer-slated-for-190000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1953/04/02/archives/moses-asks-coney-island-rezoning-to-upgrade-it-as-residential-area.html">"Moses Asks Coney Island Rezoning To 'Upgrade' It as Residential Area – Rezoning Sought for Coney Island"</a>. The New York Times. April 2, 1953. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Moses+Asks+Coney+Island+Rezoning+To+%27Upgrade%27+It+as+Residential+Area+%E2%80%93+Rezoning+Sought+for+Coney+Island&rft.date=1953-04-02&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1953%2F04%2F02%2Farchives%2Fmoses-asks-coney-island-rezoning-to-upgrade-it-as-residential-area.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bde19541024-95">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bde19541024_95-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bde19541024_95-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bde19541024_95-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalerno1954" class="citation news cs1">Salerno, Al (October 24, 1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/54529888/">"Break Ground for World's Greatest Aquarium at Coney Island"</a>. Brooklyn Daily Eagle. pp. 1, 21 – via Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle&rft.atitle=Break+Ground+for+World%27s+Greatest+Aquarium+at+Coney+Island&rft.pages=1%2C+21&rft.date=1954-10-24&rft.aulast=Salerno&rft.aufirst=Al&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbklyn.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F54529888%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1953/06/12/archives/amusement-area-in-coney-exempt-estimate-board-votes-exclusion-from.html">"Amusement Area in Coney Exempt – Estimate Board Votes Exclusion From Rezoning of a Section North of the Boardwalk"</a>. The New York Times. June 12, 1953. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Amusement+Area+in+Coney+Exempt+%E2%80%93+Estimate+Board+Votes+Exclusion+From+Rezoning+of+a+Section+North+of+the+Boardwalk&rft.date=1953-06-12&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1953%2F06%2F12%2Farchives%2Famusement-area-in-coney-exempt-estimate-board-votes-exclusion-from.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenbaum1953" class="citation news cs1">Greenbaum, Clarence (June 12, 1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/53706179/">"That Hot Dog Flavor To Remain at Coney"</a>. Brooklyn Daily Eagle. p. 1. Retrieved July 27, 2018 – via Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle&rft.atitle=That+Hot+Dog+Flavor+To+Remain+at+Coney&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1953-06-12&rft.aulast=Greenbaum&rft.aufirst=Clarence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbklyn.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F53706179%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1955/09/23/archives/coney-extension-denied-to-moses-estimate-board-rejects-his-plan-to.html">"Coney Extension Denied to Moses – Estimate Board Rejects His Plan to Join Boardwalk With Manhattan Beach – Residents Protest It – Their Willingness to Pay for Restoring Own Esplanade Spurs Unanimous Vote"</a>. The New York Times. September 23, 1955. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Coney+Extension+Denied+to+Moses+%E2%80%93+Estimate+Board+Rejects+His+Plan+to+Join+Boardwalk+With+Manhattan+Beach+%E2%80%93+Residents+Protest+It+%E2%80%93+Their+Willingness+to+Pay+for+Restoring+Own+Esplanade+Spurs+Unanimous+Vote&rft.date=1955-09-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1955%2F09%2F23%2Farchives%2Fconey-extension-denied-to-moses-estimate-board-rejects-his-plan-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1953/05/28/archives/planners-oppose-housing-at-beach-reject-proposal-for-municipal.html">"Planners Oppose Housing at Beach – Reject Proposal for Municipal Operation of Ex-G. I. Units – Ask Quick Shift to Park – Weigh Rezoning for TV – N.B.C. Ties Favorable Vote on Flatbush Studio to Location of Its Color Operations"</a>. The New York Times. May 28, 1953. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Planners+Oppose+Housing+at+Beach+%E2%80%93+Reject+Proposal+for+Municipal+Operation+of+Ex-G.+I.+Units+%E2%80%93+Ask+Quick+Shift+to+Park+%E2%80%93+Weigh+Rezoning+for+TV+%E2%80%93+N.B.C.+Ties+Favorable+Vote+on+Flatbush+Studio+to+Location+of+Its+Color+Operations&rft.date=1953-05-28&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1953%2F05%2F28%2Farchives%2Fplanners-oppose-housing-at-beach-reject-proposal-for-municipal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaro1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Caro" title="Robert Caro">Caro, Robert</a> (1974). <a href="/wiki/The_Power_Broker" title="The Power Broker">The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York</a>. New York: Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-48076-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-48076-3"><bdi>978-0-394-48076-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/834874">834874</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Power+Broker%3A+Robert+Moses+and+the+Fall+of+New+York&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F834874&rft.isbn=978-0-394-48076-3&rft.aulast=Caro&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1953/10/23/archives/plan-of-aquarium-at-coney-approved-estimate-board-appropriates.html">"Plan of Aquarium at Coney Island Approved – Estimate Board Appropriates $450,000 for First Stage – Work Starts in Spring"</a>. The New York Times. October 23, 1953. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Plan+of+Aquarium+at+Coney+Island+Approved+%E2%80%93+Estimate+Board+Appropriates+%24450%2C000+for+First+Stage+%E2%80%93+Work+Starts+in+Spring&rft.date=1953-10-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1953%2F10%2F23%2Farchives%2Fplan-of-aquarium-at-coney-approved-estimate-board-appropriates.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Billboard-19550129-102">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Billboard-19550129_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Billboard-19550129_102-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Billboard-19550129_102-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UxkEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA63">"Coney Girds for '55; Aquarium Progressing"</a>. Billboard. January 29, 1955. p. 63. Retrieved July 22, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Coney+Girds+for+%2755%3B+Aquarium+Progressing&rft.pages=63&rft.date=1955-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUxkEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYParks-Aquarium-History-103">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYParks-Aquarium-History_103-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYParks-Aquarium-History_103-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nycgovparks.org/about/history/zoos/ny-aquarium">"History of the New York Aquarium"</a>. New York City Department of Parks & Recreation. May 31, 1934. Retrieved July 22, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+City+Department+of+Parks+%26+Recreation&rft.atitle=History+of+the+New+York+Aquarium&rft.date=1934-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nycgovparks.org%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Fzoos%2Fny-aquarium&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt19660413-104">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19660413_104-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19660413_104-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19660413_104-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips1966" class="citation news cs1">Phillips, McCandlish (April 13, 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1966/04/13/archives/return-of-coney-island-amusement-area-badly-hurt-last-year-is.html">"Return of Coney Island; Amusement Area, Badly Hurt Last Year, Is Attempting to Win Back Customers"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 30, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Return+of+Coney+Island%3B+Amusement+Area%2C+Badly+Hurt+Last+Year%2C+Is+Attempting+to+Win+Back+Customers&rft.date=1966-04-13&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=McCandlish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1966%2F04%2F13%2Farchives%2Freturn-of-coney-island-amusement-area-badly-hurt-last-year-is.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1964/07/02/archives/coney-island-slump-grows-worse-decline-in-business-since-the-war.html">"Coney Island Slump Grows Worse; Decline in Business Since the War Years Has Been Steady"</a>. The New York Times. July 2, 1964. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. 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September 13, 1962. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. 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University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24027-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-24027-8"><bdi>978-0-520-24027-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Coney+Island+Comedies&rft.btitle=American+cinema%27s+transitional+era%3A+audiences%2C+institutions%2C+practices&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-520-24027-8&rft.aulast=Rabinovitz&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcB2MfzmdwYkC%26pg%3DRA1-PA171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrankWadsworth_Atheneum_Museum_of_ArtSan_Diego_Museum_of_ArtBrooklyn_Museum2015" class="citation book cs1">Frank, R.J.; Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art; San Diego Museum of Art; Brooklyn Museum; McNay Art Museum (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pt22oQEACAAJ">Coney Island: Visions of an American Dreamland, 1861–2008</a>. Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-18990-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-18990-2"><bdi>978-0-300-18990-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved February 28, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coney+Island%3A+Visions+of+an+American+Dreamland%2C+1861%E2%80%932008&rft.pub=Wadsworth+Atheneum+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-300-18990-2&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=R.J.&rft.au=Wadsworth+Atheneum+Museum+of+Art&rft.au=San+Diego+Museum+of+Art&rft.au=Brooklyn+Museum&rft.au=McNay+Art+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPt22oQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westland.net/coneyisland/articles/movielist.htm">"Movie Shot at Coney Island List"</a>. Westland. July 10, 2006. Retrieved February 28, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Westland&rft.atitle=Movie+Shot+at+Coney+Island+List&rft.date=2006-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.westland.net%2Fconeyisland%2Farticles%2Fmovielist.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://walkoffame.com/bud-abbott/">Bud Abbott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a>.Accessed January 1, 2024. "His parents worked for the Barnum and Bailey Circus: his mother, Rae, was a bareback rider and his father, Harry, was an advance man. Abbott dropped out of school as a child and began working at Coney Island." </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Maureen_Dowd" title="Maureen Dowd">Dowd, Maureen</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/07/style/ken-auletta-harvey-weinstein-biography.html">"Ken Auletta Finally Wrote the Harvey Weinstein Story He Wanted to Tell"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, July 7, 2022. Accessed January 1, 2024. "He noted that as a teenager growing up in Coney Island, 'I was not quite a juvenile delinquent but I walked around with my sleeves rolled up.'" </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1978/04/01/archives/joe-bonomo-star-of-the-silent-films-began-as-stuntman.html">"Joe Bonomo, Star Of the Silent Films; Began as Stuntman"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, April 4, 1978. Accessed January 1, 2024. "Mr. Bonomo was born in the Coney Island. section of Brooklyn." </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> Della Famina, Jerry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nymag.com/nymetro/news/people/features/2439/">"30th Anniversary Issue / Jerry Della Femina: (M)Adman"</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a>, April 6, 1998. Accessed January 1, 2024. "I came from a poor family in Coney Island. I learned to write by reading the Post." </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> Spellen, Suzanne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brownstoner.com/history/walkabout-miss-dillons-gas-company-part-one/">"Walkabout: Miss Dillon's Gas Company"</a>, Brownstoner, June 24, 2014. Accessed January 1, 2024. "Also in Brooklyn as the new century progressed, lived a young woman named Mary E. Dillon. Miss Dillon was a senior at Erasmus Hall High School in Flatbush. She lived on Coney Island, and was the second oldest of twelve children." </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">^</a> Fox, Killian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/may/05/harold-feinstein-last-stop-coney-island-photography">"Photographer Harold Feinstein, the unsung chronicler of Coney Island"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, May 5, 2019. Accessed January 1, 2024. "It began with a great outpouring of images. At 15, Harold Feinstein borrowed his neighbour's Rolleiflex camera and started shooting scenes of everyday life on the streets and boardwalks of south Brooklyn. The year was 1946 and Coney Island, where Feinstein grew up, was still popular with New Yorkers, who flocked to its amusement parks and beaches in the summertime to let their hair down." </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a> Weber, Bruce. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/23/nyregion/gene-feist-founder-of-the-roundabout-theater-company-is-dead-at-91.html">"Gene Feist, Founder of Roundabout Theater Company, Dies at 91"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, March 22, 2014. Accessed January 1, 2024. "Eugene Feist was born on Jan. 16, 1923, in Brooklyn and grew up in the rugged Coney Island neighborhood, where his father, Henry, who was called Hennie, owned a bar known as the Bucket of Blood and where young Gene was something of an outcast for his interest in books." </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://waywiser-press.com/irving-feldman/">Irving Feldman</a>, The Waywiser Press, July 9, 2019. Accessed January 1, 2024. "Born in Coney Island, New York in 1928 and educated at the College of the City of New York and Columbia University, Irving Feldman taught at the University of Puerto Rico, the University of Lyon and Kenyon College before his appointment to SUNY at Buffalo in 1964 – from which he retired as Distinguished Professor of English in 2004." </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a> Holley, Joe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2005/09/20/teachers-union-chief-sandra-feldman/41d66eb3-88b1-4da2-89fe-a68d6ed64c15/">"Teachers Union Chief Sandra Feldman"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>, September 20, 2005. Accessed January 1, 2024. "Sandra Feldman, 65, a tough and spirited former teacher and labor leader who went from an impoverished childhood in a Coney Island tenement to the presidency of the nation's second-largest teachers union, died of breast cancer Sept. 18 at her home in New York City." </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><a href="#cite_ref-333">^</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Grimes_(journalist)" title="William Grimes (journalist)">Grimes, William</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/13/arts/13finkelstein.html">"Nat Finkelstein, 'Court Photographer' of Andy Warhol's Factory, Dies at 76"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, October 13, 2009. Accessed January 1, 2024. "Nathan Louis Finkelstein was born in Brooklyn on Jan. 16, 1933. He grew up in Coney Island and attended Stuyvesant High School." </li> <li id="cite_note-334"><a href="#cite_ref-334">^</a> Smith, RJ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YG5YubNw1pgC&pg=PA102">"American Psycho"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spin_(magazine)" title="Spin (magazine)">Spin</a>, January 1999. Accessed January 1, 2024. "Debbie Goad lived in Coney Island with her father and two uncles." </li> <li id="cite_note-335"><a href="#cite_ref-335">^</a> Piepenbring, Dan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/photo-booth/arlene-gottfried-new-york-through-the-eyes-of-her-brother-gilbert-gottfried">"Arlene Gottfried's New York, Through the Eyes of Her Brother Gilbert Gottfried"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>, April 1, 2018. Accessed January 1, 2024. "The Gottfrieds were born in Coney Island-five years apart, with their sister Karen between them-where their father ran a hardware store." </li> <li id="cite_note-336"><a href="#cite_ref-336">^</a> Bredderman, Will. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brooklynpaper.com/gilbert-gottfried-shows-his-range/">"Gilbert Gottfried shows his range"</a>, Brooklyn Paper, October 15, 2012. Accessed January 1, 2024. "Will Bredderman: So you're a Brooklyn native, right? Which neighborhood? Gilbert Gottfried: Coney Island, that was where I was born. Then we moved to Crown Heights, then Borough Park." </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><a href="#cite_ref-337">^</a> McCormack, Jeannie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.galleryand.studio/2021/01/03/remembering-artist-marty-greenbaum-1934-2020/">"Remembering Artist Marty Greenbaum (1934–2020)"</a>, Gallery and Studio, January 3, 2021. Accessed January 1, 2024. "On reading Marty's narrative/bio we learn that he grew up in Coney Island where he worked summers in the Penny Arcades, and was inspired by the carnival atmosphere which he reflected in his work throughout his life." </li> <li id="cite_note-338"><a href="#cite_ref-338">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/usao-edny/pr/former-brooklyn-assemblywoman-sentenced-prison-multiple-fraud-schemes-and-witness">"Former Brooklyn Assemblywoman Sentenced to Prison For Multiple Fraud Schemes and Witness Tampering"</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_for_the_Eastern_District_of_New_York" title="United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York">United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York</a>, October 24, 2018. Accessed January 1, 2024. "Between 2012 and 2014, Harris defrauded FEMA out of nearly $25,000 in temporary relocation funds by falsely claiming that she had been forced out of her Coney Island residence because of damage caused by Hurricane Sandy." </li> <li id="cite_note-339"><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/08/14/93543943.html?zoom=16&pageNumber=68">"M.C. Illions Dies; Carousel Maker"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, August 14, 1949. Accessed January 1, 2024. "Marcus Charles Illions of 2836 West Eight Street, Coney Island, a wood carver and maker of carousels, died Thursday in Brooklyn Hospital, after a brief illness." </li> <li id="cite_note-340"><a href="#cite_ref-340">^</a> Tracy, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brooklynpaper.com/rena-kanokogi-judo-pioneer-dies-2/">"Rena Kanokogi, judo pioneer, dies"</a>, Brooklyn Paper, November 30, 2009. Accessed January 1, 2024. "Through it all, however, she never strayed too far from her Brooklyn roots. She ultimately left Coney Island, only to move into nearby Sheepshead Bay, friends recalled." </li> <li id="cite_note-341"><a href="#cite_ref-341">^</a> Thackery, Ted Jr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-obituary-for-rober/113255555/">"Robert Kirsch, Times Literary Editor for 23 Years, Dies in Santa Barbara"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Los_Angeles_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Los Angeles Times">The Los Angeles Times</a>, August 17, 1980. Accessed January 1, 2024, via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>. "Kirsch was born Oct. 18, 1922, on the gaudy, surreal Brooklyn pleasure peninsula of Coney Island. And, in a sense, he never really left there. 'I ran away at 17,' he said. 'But Coney Island didn't leave me.'" </li> <li id="cite_note-342"><a href="#cite_ref-342">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tv.apple.com/us/movie/a-kid-from-coney-island/umc.cmc.1cwashpaik1ysrwd9blvh57bo">A Kid From Coney Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_TV" title="Apple TV">Apple TV</a>. Accessed January 1, 2024. "Coney Island, New York is famous for a few things: Nathan's Hot Dogs, Spike Lee's He Got Game. and a kid from the housing projects named Stephon Marbury." </li> <li id="cite_note-343"><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.harlemworldmagazine.com/giosue-the-king-of-harlems-little-italy-gallucci-1865-1915/">"Giosue 'The King Of (Harlem's) Little Italy' Gallucci, 1865 – 1915"</a>, Harlem World, July 11, 2015. Accessed January 1, 2024. "The money for the hit was probably provided by Coney Island Camorra boss Pellegrino Morano in an effort to take over Gallucci's rackets." </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><a href="#cite_ref-344">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bceagles.com/news/2023/2/22/mens-hockey-nesterenko-named-hockey-east-player-of-the-week">"Nesterenko Named Hockey East Player of the Week"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston_College_Eagles_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Boston College Eagles men's ice hockey">Boston College Eagles men's ice hockey</a>, February 22, 2023. "The Coney Island native has already established new career-highs in goals (10) and points (27) and is one assist away from setting a new career-best." </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a> Myers, Marc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/poms-actress-rhea-perlman-on-her-wild-ride-from-coney-island-to-emmy-winner-11556635741">"'Poms' Actress Rhea Perlman on Her Wild Ride From Coney Island to Emmy Winner"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>, April 30, 2019. Accessed January 1, 2024. "When I tell most people I was born in the Coney Island section of Brooklyn, their first reaction is awe." </li> <li id="cite_note-346"><a href="#cite_ref-346">^</a> Washington, Eric K. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gothamcenter.org/blog/ej-perry-african-american-silhouette-cutter-of-americas-leisure-circuit">The Gotham Center for New York City History</a>.<a href="/wiki/The_Gotham_Center_for_New_York_City_History" class="mw-redirect" title="The Gotham Center for New York City History">The Gotham Center for New York City History</a>, December 17, 2013. Accessed January 1, 2024. "Although ancient Lenape Indians once called it the 'land without shadows,' Coney Island would perfectly suit one artist who made shadows his stock in trade. E.J. Perry was a king of keepsakes." </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a> Fernandez, Manny; Schmidt, Michael S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/12/nyregion/12ironman.html">"At a Mighty 104, Gone While Still Going Strong"</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, January 11, 2010. Accessed January 1, 2024. "He later boxed under the name Kid Dundee, became a Coney Island performer, worked as a longshoreman, fought in World War II and had a bit part in On the Waterfront that never made the film, not necessarily in that order." </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.awecosocial.com/mindfulness-room-design">Mindfulness Room Design 2015 – present</a>, awecosocial.com. Accessed January 1, 2024. "Larry Rosenberg, a renowned scholar mindfulness practice comes from Coney Island, Brooklyn." </li> <li id="cite_note-349"><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.5tjt.com/touro-honors-retiring-officials/">"Touro Honors Retiring Officials"</a>, Five Towns Jewish Times, June 25, 2015. Accessed January 1, 2024. "Originally from Coney Island, Dr. Sexter said that he never planned to specialize in medical programs." </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fossilfreeuniversity.org/faculty/ayisha-siddiqa">Ayisha Siddiqa</a>, Fossil Free University. Accessed January 1, 2024. "Ayisha Siddiqa Ayisha Siddiqa is a 21-year-old Pakistani Climate justice advocate living in Coney Island, NY, a coastal area highly prone to hurricanes and floods." </li> <li id="cite_note-351"><a href="#cite_ref-351">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amny.com/news/don-snyder-76-artistic-photog-shot-coney-leary/">"Don Snyder, 76, artistic photog shot Coney, Leary"</a>, The Villager, September 15, 2010. Accessed January 1, 2024. "Born in Brooklyn in 1934, Snyder began to photograph the raffish world of Coney Island as a teenager and attached himself to photographers whose work he admired." </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="#cite_ref-352">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coneyislandhistory.org/hall-of-fame/george-c-tilyou">George C. Tilyou; Founder of Steeplechase</a>, Coney Island History Project. Accessed January 1, 2024. "Tilyou came with his parents to Coney Island in 1865 at the tender age of three. His father, Peter, opened a small wooden bathhouse and restaurant on the beach, and young George was soon selling bottles of souvenir sand to visitors." </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2007/film/news/burt-topper-78-filmmaker-1117962505/">"Burt Topper, 78, filmmaker"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>, April 4, 2007. Accessed January 1, 2024. "Born in Coney Island, NY, Topper moved to L.A. at the age of 8, and served in the Navy during WWII." </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sohophoto.com/2021/04/22/speaker-series-arthur-tress/">▶️ Video: Arthur Tress Talks About Magic Realism, Wednesday, April 28, 2021</a>, Soho Photo Gallery. Accessed January 1, 2024. "Born in Brooklyn in 1940, Arthur Tress began his first camera work as a teen in the surreal neighborhood of Coney Island." </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rem_Koolhaas" title="Rem Koolhaas">Rem Koolhaas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delirious_New_York:_A_Retroactive_Manifesto_for_Manhattan" class="mw-redirect" title="Delirious New York: A Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan">Delirious New York: A Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan</a> (Academy Editions, London, 1978; republished, The Monacelli Press, 1994 — a large part of the book focuses on Coney Island amusement parks)</li> <li>John F. Kasson, Amusing The Million: Coney Island at the Turn of the Century (Hill and Wang, New York, 1978; Distributed in Canada by Douglas and McIntyre Ltd.)</li> <li>Charles Denson, Coney Island: Lost and Found (Ten Speed Press, 2002)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/coney">Coney Island</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170307115120/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/coney/">Archived</a> March 7, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, a 1991 documentary film by <a href="/wiki/Ric_Burns" title="Ric Burns">Ric Burns</a> for <a href="/wiki/American_Experience" title="American Experience">American Experience</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTownsend_Percy1880" class="citation book cs1">Townsend Percy (1880). Percy's Pocket dictionary of Coney Island. New York: E. Leypoldt. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5926329">5926329</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL6906857M">6906857M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Percy%27s+Pocket+dictionary+of+Coney+Island&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=E.+Leypoldt&rft.date=1880&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5926329&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL6906857M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.au=Townsend+Percy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._Perkins_Tracy1887" class="citation book cs1">J. Perkins Tracy (1887). The tourists companion and guide to Coney Island, Fort Hamilton, Bath Beach, Sheepshead Bay, Rockaway Beach and Far Rockaway. New York: Austin Publishing Co. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL23411073M">23411073M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+tourists+companion+and+guide+to+Coney+Island%2C+Fort+Hamilton%2C+Bath+Beach%2C+Sheepshead+Bay%2C+Rockaway+Beach+and+Far+Rockaway&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Austin+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1887&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL23411073M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.au=J.+Perkins+Tracy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heartofconeyisland.com/">The Comprehensive History of Coney Island</a> at Heart of Coney Island</li> <li>Coney Island <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westland.net/coneyisland/histart.htm">History Articles</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801033827/https://www.westland.net/coneyisland/histart.htm">Archived</a> August 1, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indypendent.org/2005/06/bland-as-sand-developers-stalk-coney-island/">Bland as Sand: Developers Stalk Coney Island</a>, The Indypendent</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indypendent.org/2005/06/gritty-and-trashy-thats-why-i-love-it/">Gritty and Trashy... That's Why I Love It</a>, The Indypendent</li> <li>Bruce, Jeannette. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vault.si.com/vault/1967/08/28/where-the-fun-was">"Where The Fun Was,"</a> Sports Illustrated, August 28, 1967</li> <li>Coney Island <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coneyislandhistory.org/">History Project</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Coney_Island">"Coney Island" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 897.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Coney+Island&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=897&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConey+Island" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Coney_Island&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Brooklyn/Coney_Island_and_Brighton_Beach#Q628201" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Brooklyn/Coney Island and Brighton Beach">Brooklyn/Coney Island and Brighton Beach</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Coney_Island,_Brooklyn" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Coney Island, Brooklyn">Coney Island, Brooklyn</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpMN28gvQ4I">Coney Island HD Footage Restoration Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coneyislandhistory.org/">Coney Island History Project – Oral History Archive of Coney Island</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Coney_Island" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coney_Island" title="Template:Coney Island"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coney_Island" title="Template talk:Coney Island"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coney_Island" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coney Island"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coney_Island" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Coney Island</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deno%27s_Wonder_Wheel_Amusement_Park" title="Deno's Wonder Wheel Amusement Park">Deno's Wonder Wheel Amusement Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_Park_(Coney_Island,_2010)" title="Luna Park (Coney Island, 2010)">Luna Park</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Former" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astroland" title="Astroland">Astroland</a> (1962–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreamland_(Coney_Island,_1904)" title="Dreamland (Coney Island, 1904)">Dreamland</a> (1904–11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreamland_(Coney_Island,_2009)" title="Dreamland (Coney Island, 2009)">Dreamland</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_Park_(Coney_Island,_1903)" title="Luna Park (Coney Island, 1903)">Luna Park</a> (1903–44)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Lion_Park" title="Sea Lion Park">Sea Lion Park</a> (1895–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeplechase_Park" title="Steeplechase Park">Steeplechase Park</a> (1897–1964)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Coney_Island_beach_and_amusement_parks_(June_2016).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coney Island beach and amusement parks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Coney_Island_beach_and_amusement_parks_%28June_2016%29.jpg/80px-Coney_Island_beach_and_amusement_parks_%28June_2016%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Coney_Island_beach_and_amusement_parks_%28June_2016%29.jpg/120px-Coney_Island_beach_and_amusement_parks_%28June_2016%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Coney_Island_beach_and_amusement_parks_%28June_2016%29.jpg/160px-Coney_Island_beach_and_amusement_parks_%28June_2016%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:2010-03-21_at_11-00-57.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Steeplechase Pier and Parachute Jump" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/2010-03-21_at_11-00-57.jpg/80px-2010-03-21_at_11-00-57.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/2010-03-21_at_11-00-57.jpg/120px-2010-03-21_at_11-00-57.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/2010-03-21_at_11-00-57.jpg/160px-2010-03-21_at_11-00-57.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1465" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roller coasters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Circus Coaster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Cyclone" title="Coney Island Cyclone">Cyclone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soarin%27_Eagle" title="Soarin' Eagle">Soarin' Eagle</a></li> <li>Sea Serpent Family Coaster</li> <li>Steeplechase</li> <li>The Tickler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(2014_roller_coaster)" title="Thunderbolt (2014 roller coaster)">Thunderbolt</a> (built 2014)</li> <li>Phoenix</li> <li>Starflyer</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other rides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%26B_Carousell" title="B&B Carousell">B&B Carousell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Hole" title="Ghost Hole">Ghost Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spook-a-Rama" title="Spook-a-Rama">Spook-a-Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Whip_(ride)" title="The Whip (ride)">The Whip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonder_Wheel" title="Wonder Wheel">Wonder Wheel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Amphitheater_at_Coney_Island" title="Ford Amphitheater at Coney Island">Ford Amphitheater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maimonides_Park" title="Maimonides Park">Maimonides Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Aquarium" title="New York Aquarium">New York Aquarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quester_I" title="Quester I">Quester I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riegelmann_Boardwalk" title="Riegelmann Boardwalk">Riegelmann Boardwalk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roller coasters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_Coaster" title="Cannon Coaster">Cannon Coaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop_the_Dip" title="Drop the Dip">Drop the Dip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flip_Flap_Railway" title="Flip Flap Railway">Flip Flap Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loop_the_Loop_(Coney_Island)" title="Loop the Loop (Coney Island)">Loop the Loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough_Riders_(roller_coaster)" title="Rough Riders (roller coaster)">Rough Riders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switchback_Railway" title="Switchback Railway">Switchback Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(1925_roller_coaster)" title="Thunderbolt (1925 roller coaster)">Thunderbolt</a> (1925–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornado_(Coney_Island)" title="Tornado (Coney Island)">Tornado</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other rides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Trip_to_the_Moon_(attraction)" title="A Trip to the Moon (attraction)">A Trip to the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante%27s_Inferno_(ride)" title="Dante's Inferno (ride)">Dante's Inferno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parachute_Jump" title="Parachute Jump">Parachute Jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witching_Waves" title="Witching Waves">Witching Waves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Childs_Restaurants" title="Childs Restaurants">Childs Restaurants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Childs_Restaurant_(Surf_Avenue)" title="Childs Restaurant (Surf Avenue)">Surf Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childs_Restaurant_(Boardwalk)" title="Childs Restaurant (Boardwalk)">Boardwalk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Velodrome" title="Coney Island Velodrome">Coney Island Velodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephantine_Colossus" title="Elephantine Colossus">Elephantine Colossus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoot_the_Freak" title="Shoot the Freak">Shoot the Freak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shore_Theater" title="Shore Theater">Shore Theater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_High_School_(Brooklyn)" title="Abraham Lincoln High School (Brooklyn)">Abraham Lincoln High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Creek_Park" title="Coney Island Creek Park">Coney Island Creek Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Light" title="Coney Island Light">Coney Island Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Fire_Station_Pumping_Station" title="Coney Island Fire Station Pumping Station">Coney Island Fire Station Pumping Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gargiulo%27s_Italian_Restaurant" title="Gargiulo's Italian Restaurant">Gargiulo's Italian Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_Moon_Hotel" title="Half Moon Hotel">Half Moon Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Center_of_Brighton_Beach" title="Jewish Center of Brighton Beach">Jewish Center of Brighton Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Park" title="Kaiser Park">Kaiser Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan%27s_Famous#History" title="Nathan's Famous">Nathan's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson_High_School_for_Coastal_Studies" title="Rachel Carson High School for Coastal Studies">Rachel Carson High School for Coastal Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shore_Theater" title="Shore Theater">Shore Theater Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totonno%27s" title="Totonno's">Totonno's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Village" title="Trump Village">Trump Village</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_History_Project" title="Coney Island History Project">Coney Island History Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_USA" title="Coney Island USA">Coney Island USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Beautification_Project" title="Coney Island Beautification Project">Coney Island Beautification Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neighborhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Beach" title="Brighton Beach">Brighton Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Beach,_Brooklyn" title="Manhattan Beach, Brooklyn">Manhattan Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Gate,_Brooklyn" title="Sea Gate, Brooklyn">Sea Gate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">Subway stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Beach_station_(BMT_Brighton_Line)" title="Brighton Beach station (BMT Brighton Line)">Brighton Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coney_Island%E2%80%93Stillwell_Avenue_station" title="Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue station">Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptune_Avenue_station" title="Neptune Avenue station">Neptune Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Parkway_station" title="Ocean Parkway station">Ocean Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Eighth_Street%E2%80%93New_York_Aquarium_station" title="West Eighth Street–New York Aquarium station">West Eighth Street–New York Aquarium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural impact</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_in_popular_culture" title="Coney Island in popular culture">Coney Island in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coney_Island_Mermaid_Parade" title="Coney Island Mermaid Parade">Coney Island Mermaid Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan%27s_Hot_Dog_Eating_Contest" title="Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest">Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeplechase_Face" title="Steeplechase Face">Steeplechase Face</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_13" title="Brooklyn Community Board 13">Brooklyn Community Board 13</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neighborhoods_in_the_New_York_City_borough_of_Brooklyn" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Brooklyn" title="Template:Brooklyn"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Brooklyn" title="Template talk:Brooklyn"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Brooklyn" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Brooklyn"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neighborhoods_in_the_New_York_City_borough_of_Brooklyn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brooklyn_neighborhoods" title="List of Brooklyn neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> <a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">borough</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barren_Island,_Brooklyn" title="Barren Island, Brooklyn">Barren Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_Beach,_Brooklyn" title="Bath Beach, Brooklyn">Bath Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Ridge,_Brooklyn" title="Bay Ridge, Brooklyn">Bay Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford%E2%80%93Stuyvesant,_Brooklyn" title="Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn">Bedford–Stuyvesant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bensonhurst,_Brooklyn" title="Bensonhurst, Brooklyn">Bensonhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergen_Beach,_Brooklyn" title="Bergen Beach, Brooklyn">Bergen Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverley_Squares" title="Beverley Squares">Beverley Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BoCoCa" title="BoCoCa">BoCoCa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boerum_Hill" title="Boerum Hill">Boerum Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Borough Park, Brooklyn">Borough Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Plaza,_Brooklyn" title="Bridge Plaza, Brooklyn">Bridge Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_Beach" title="Brighton Beach">Brighton Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Heights" title="Brooklyn Heights">Brooklyn Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Brooklyn" title="Brownsville, Brooklyn">Brownsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushwick,_Brooklyn" title="Bushwick, Brooklyn">Bushwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarsie,_Brooklyn" title="Canarsie, Brooklyn">Canarsie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_Gardens,_Brooklyn" title="Carroll Gardens, Brooklyn">Carroll Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinatowns_in_Brooklyn" title="Chinatowns in Brooklyn">Chinatown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Hill,_Brooklyn" title="Clinton Hill, Brooklyn">Clinton Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobble_Hill,_Brooklyn" title="Cobble Hill, Brooklyn">Cobble Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Street_Waterfront_District" title="Columbia Street Waterfront District">Columbia Street Waterfront District</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Coney Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Heights,_Brooklyn" title="Crown Heights, Brooklyn">Crown Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditmas_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Ditmas Park, Brooklyn">Ditmas Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Brooklyn" title="Downtown Brooklyn">Downtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbo,_Brooklyn" title="Dumbo, Brooklyn">Dumbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyker_Heights,_Brooklyn" title="Dyker Heights, Brooklyn">Dyker Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Flatbush,_Brooklyn" title="East Flatbush, Brooklyn">East Flatbush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_New_York,_Brooklyn" title="East New York, Brooklyn">East New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Williamsburg,_Brooklyn" title="East Williamsburg, Brooklyn">East Williamsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farragut_Houses" title="Farragut Houses">Farragut Houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiske_Terrace,_Brooklyn" title="Fiske Terrace, Brooklyn">Fiske Terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatbush" title="Flatbush">Flatbush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatlands,_Brooklyn" title="Flatlands, Brooklyn">Flatlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Greene,_Brooklyn" title="Fort Greene, Brooklyn">Fort Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_Ferry,_Brooklyn" title="Fulton Ferry, Brooklyn">Fulton Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerritsen_Beach,_Brooklyn" title="Gerritsen Beach, Brooklyn">Gerritsen Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gowanus,_Brooklyn" title="Gowanus, Brooklyn">Gowanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravesend,_Brooklyn" title="Gravesend, Brooklyn">Gravesend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenpoint,_Brooklyn" title="Greenpoint, Brooklyn">Greenpoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Heights,_Brooklyn" title="Greenwood Heights, Brooklyn">Greenwood Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homecrest,_Brooklyn" title="Homecrest, Brooklyn">Homecrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington,_Brooklyn" title="Kensington, Brooklyn">Kensington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Beach,_Brooklyn" title="Manhattan Beach, Brooklyn">Manhattan Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapleton,_Brooklyn" title="Mapleton, Brooklyn">Mapleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Park_(neighborhood),_Brooklyn" title="Marine Park (neighborhood), Brooklyn">Marine Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwood,_Brooklyn" title="Midwood, Brooklyn">Midwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Basin,_Brooklyn" title="Mill Basin, Brooklyn">Mill Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Navy_Yard" title="Brooklyn Navy Yard">Navy Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Utrecht,_Brooklyn" title="New Utrecht, Brooklyn">New Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Hill,_Brooklyn" title="Ocean Hill, Brooklyn">Ocean Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Parkway_(Brooklyn)" title="Ocean Parkway (Brooklyn)">Ocean Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Pacific Park, Brooklyn">Pacific Park/Atlantic Yards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Slope" title="Park Slope">Park Slope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Slope_Village" title="Park Slope Village">Park Slope Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumb_Beach,_Brooklyn" title="Plumb Beach, Brooklyn">Plumb Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect_Heights,_Brooklyn" title="Prospect Heights, Brooklyn">Prospect Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect_Lefferts_Gardens" title="Prospect Lefferts Gardens">Prospect Lefferts Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect_Park_South" title="Prospect Park South">Prospect Park South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hook,_Brooklyn" title="Red Hook, Brooklyn">Red Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remsen_Village,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Remsen Village, Brooklyn">Remsen Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Gate,_Brooklyn" title="Sea Gate, Brooklyn">Sea Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheepshead_Bay,_Brooklyn" title="Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn">Sheepshead Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Creek,_Brooklyn" title="Spring Creek, Brooklyn">Spring Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Brooklyn" title="South Brooklyn">South Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starrett_City" title="Starrett City">Starrett City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunset_Park,_Brooklyn" title="Sunset Park, Brooklyn">Sunset Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hole,_New_York_City" title="The Hole, New York City">The Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinegar_Hill,_Brooklyn" title="Vinegar Hill, Brooklyn">Vinegar Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallabout,_Brooklyn" title="Wallabout, Brooklyn">Wallabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weeksville,_Brooklyn" title="Weeksville, Brooklyn">Weeksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midwood,_Brooklyn" title="West Midwood, Brooklyn">West Midwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Sands,_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="White Sands, Brooklyn">White Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamsburg,_Brooklyn" title="Williamsburg, Brooklyn">Williamsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Terrace,_Brooklyn" title="Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn">Windsor Terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingate,_Brooklyn" title="Wingate, Brooklyn">Wingate/Pigtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyckoff_Heights,_New_York_City" title="Wyckoff Heights, New York City">Wyckoff Heights</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Bridge_Postdlf.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Brooklyn Bridge"><img alt="The Brooklyn Bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Brooklyn_Bridge_Postdlf.jpg/90px-Brooklyn_Bridge_Postdlf.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Brooklyn_Bridge_Postdlf.jpg/135px-Brooklyn_Bridge_Postdlf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Brooklyn_Bridge_Postdlf.jpg/180px-Brooklyn_Bridge_Postdlf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2377" data-file-height="1925" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_Brooklyn" title="Community boards of Brooklyn">Community boards</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_1" title="Brooklyn Community Board 1">1</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_2" title="Brooklyn Community Board 2">2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_3" title="Brooklyn Community Board 3">3</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_4" title="Brooklyn Community Board 4">4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_5" title="Brooklyn Community Board 5">5</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_6" title="Brooklyn Community Board 6">6</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_7" title="Brooklyn Community Board 7">7</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_8" title="Brooklyn Community Board 8">8</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_9" title="Brooklyn Community Board 9">9</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_10" title="Brooklyn Community Board 10">10</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_11" title="Brooklyn Community Board 11">11</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_12" title="Brooklyn Community Board 12">12</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_13" title="Brooklyn Community Board 13">13</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_14" title="Brooklyn Community Board 14">14</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_15" title="Brooklyn Community Board 15">15</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_16" title="Brooklyn Community Board 16">16</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_17" title="Brooklyn Community Board 17">17</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Community_Board_18" title="Brooklyn Community Board 18">18</a></dd> <dd>Joint interest areas:</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prospect_Park_(Brooklyn)" title="Prospect Park (Brooklyn)">55</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gateway_National_Recreation_Area" title="Gateway National Recreation Area">56</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brooklyn" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Brooklyn">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Brooklyn" title="Timeline of Brooklyn">Timeline</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Brooklyn" title="Category:Brooklyn">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Brooklyn,_New_York_City" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Brooklyn, New York City">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islands_of_New_York_City" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_York_City_Islands" title="Template:New York City Islands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_York_City_Islands" title="Template talk:New York City Islands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_York_City_Islands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New York City Islands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islands_of_New_York_City" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_smaller_islands_in_New_York_City" title="List of smaller islands in New York City">Islands of New York City</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Governors_Island_from_One_World_Observatory_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Governors_Island_from_One_World_Observatory_2017.jpg/100px-Governors_Island_from_One_World_Observatory_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Governors_Island_from_One_World_Observatory_2017.jpg/150px-Governors_Island_from_One_World_Observatory_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Governors_Island_from_One_World_Observatory_2017.jpg/200px-Governors_Island_from_One_World_Observatory_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pelham_Islands" title="Pelham Islands">Pelham Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Blauzes" title="The Blauzes">The Blauzes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimney_Sweeps_Islands" title="Chimney Sweeps Islands">Chimney Sweeps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Island,_Bronx" title="City Island, Bronx">City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Ledge" title="Cuban Ledge">Cuban Ledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Flats_Reef" title="Green Flats Reef">Green Flats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hart_Island" title="Hart Island">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Island_(Bronx)" title="High Island (Bronx)">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunter_Island_(Bronx)" title="Hunter Island (Bronx)">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rat_Island_(Bronx)" title="Rat Island (Bronx)">Rat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Island_(Bronx)" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin Island (Bronx)">Twin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Bay" title="New York Bay">New York Bay</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Clinton" title="Castle Clinton">Castle Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Defiance_(Brooklyn)" title="Fort Defiance (Brooklyn)">Cypress Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governors_Island" title="Governors Island">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoffman_Island" title="Hoffman Island">Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lafayette" title="Fort Lafayette">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Island" title="Liberty Island">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinburne_Island" title="Swinburne Island">Swinburne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entirely in NJ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Tom_explosion" title="Black Tom explosion">Black Tom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robbins_Reef_Light" title="Robbins Reef Light">Robbins Reef</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Bay" title="Jamaica Bay">Jamaica Bay</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barren_Island,_Brooklyn" title="Barren Island, Brooklyn">Barren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergen_Beach,_Brooklyn" title="Bergen Beach, Brooklyn">Bergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Channel,_Queens" title="Broad Channel, Queens">Broad Channel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Coney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarsie_Pol" title="Canarsie Pol">Canarsie Pol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_Island" title="Mau Mau Island">Mau Mau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Basin,_Brooklyn" title="Mill Basin, Brooklyn">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumb_Beach,_Brooklyn" title="Plumb Beach, Brooklyn">Plumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruffle_Bar" title="Ruffle Bar">Ruffle Bar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kill" title="Arthur Kill">Arthur Kill</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Van_Kull" title="Kill Van Kull">Kill Van Kull</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Meadows" title="Isle of Meadows">Isle of Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prall%27s_Island" title="Prall's Island">Prall's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooters_Island" title="Shooters Island">Shooters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Newtown_Creek" title="Newtown Creek">Newtown Creek</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berrien%27s_Island" title="Berrien's Island">Berrien's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Navy_Yard#Former_structures" title="Brooklyn Navy Yard">Cob Dock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Rock" title="Mill Rock">Mill Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel_Island" title="Mussel Island">Mussel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_and_South_Brother_Islands_(New_York_City)" title="North and South Brother Islands (New York City)">North and South Brother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randalls_and_Wards_Islands" title="Randalls and Wards Islands">Randalls and Wards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rikers_Island" title="Rikers Island">Rikers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Island" title="Roosevelt Island">Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U_Thant_Island" title="U Thant Island">U Thant (Belmont)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_River_(Hudson_River)" title="North River (Hudson River)">North River (Hudson River)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Gansevoort" title="Fort Gansevoort">North Battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibbetts_Brook#Course" title="Tibbetts Brook">Paparinemin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Island_at_Pier_55" title="Little Island at Pier 55">Little Island Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Former_island" title="Former island">Former islands</a> shown in italics</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 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