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<li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Katk%C4%B1lar%C4%B1m" title="Bu IP adresinden yapılmış değişiklikler listesi [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Katkılar</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:MesajSayfam" title="Bu IP adresindeki düzenlemeler hakkında tartışma [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Mesaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="İçindekiler" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">İçindekiler</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Giriş</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Coğrafya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coğrafya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Coğrafya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coğrafya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kuruluşu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kuruluşu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kuruluşu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kuruluşu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ayrıca_bakınız" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ayrıca_bakınız"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ayrıca bakınız</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ayrıca_bakınız-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kaynakça" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kaynakça"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kaynakça</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kaynakça-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dış_bağlantılar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dış_bağlantılar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Dış bağlantılar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dış_bağlantılar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="İçindekiler" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">İçindekiler tablosunu değiştir</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sparta</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Başka bir dildeki sayfaya gidin. 100 dilde mevcut" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-100" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">100 dil</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Afrikaanca" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - İsviçre Almancası" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="İsviçre Almancası" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A9_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="إسبرطة (اليونان) - Arapça" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسبرطة (اليونان)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esparta" title="Esparta - Asturyasça" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Esparta" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturyasça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Azerbaycan dili" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaycan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Samogitçe" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Спарта - Belarusça" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Спарта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Спарта - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Спарта" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Древна Спарта - Bulgarca" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Древна Спарта" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE" title="স্পার্টা - Bengalce" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্পার্টা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta_(k%C3%AAr)" title="Sparta (kêr) - Bretonca" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sparta (kêr)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Boşnakça" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Boşnakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esparta" title="Esparta - Katalanca" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Esparta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A1rti" title="Spárti - Sebuano dili" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Spárti" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Sebuano dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Çekçe" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Çekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D3%91%D1%85)" title="Спарта (патшалӑх) - Çuvaşça" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Спарта (патшалӑх)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Çuvaşça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Galce" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Galce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Danca" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Almanca" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Orta Kadazan" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Orta Kadazan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B7" title="Αρχαία Σπάρτη - Yunanca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρχαία Σπάρτη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - İngilizce" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="İngilizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparto" title="Sparto - Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sparto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esparta" title="Esparta - İspanyolca" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Esparta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="İspanyolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Estonca" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esparta" title="Esparta - Baskça" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Esparta" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esparta" title="Esparta - Ekstremadura Dili" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Esparta" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Ekstremadura Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="اسپارت - Farsça" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسپارت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farsça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Fince" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="kaliteli madde"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparte" title="Sparte - Fransızca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sparte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Fransızca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Batı Frizcesi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Batı Frizcesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - İrlandaca" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="İrlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esparta" title="Esparta - Galiçyaca" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Esparta" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galiçyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%94" title="ספרטה - İbranice" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספרטה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="İbranice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="स्पार्टा - Hintçe" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्पार्टा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hintçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Hırvatça" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hırvatça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A1rta" title="Spárta - Macarca" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Spárta" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Macarca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1" title="Սպարտա - Ermenice" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սպարտա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Ermenice" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - İnterlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="İnterlingua" data-language-local-name="İnterlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İnterlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Endonezce" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Endonezce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - İzlandaca" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="İzlandaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - İtalyanca" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="İtaliano" data-language-local-name="İtalyanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>İtaliano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%91%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BF" title="スパルタ - Japonca" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スパルタ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Cava dili" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Cava dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="სპარტა - Gürcüce" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სპარტა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gürcüce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Спарта - Kazakça" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Спарта" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BE" title="ಸ್ಪಾರ್ಟಾ - Kannada dili" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸ್ಪಾರ್ಟಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8C%8C%EB%A5%B4%ED%83%80" title="스파르타 - Korece" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스파르타" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korece" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Kürtçe" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kürtçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacedaemon" title="Lacedaemon - Latince" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lacedaemon" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Lüksemburgca" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Lüksemburgca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Litvanca" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Letonca" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Спарта - Makedonca" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Спарта" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F" title="സ്പാർട്ട - Malayalam dili" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്പാർട്ട" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Спарта - Moğolca" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Спарта" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Moğolca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Malayca" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC" title="စပါတာ - Birman dili" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စပါတာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birman dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="اسپارت - Mazenderanca" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اسپارت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazenderanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta_(Antike)" title="Sparta (Antike) - Aşağı Almanca" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Sparta (Antike)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Aşağı Almanca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="स्पार्टा - Nepalce" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="स्पार्टा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="स्पार्ता - Nevari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="स्पार्ता" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Nevari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta_(Griekenland)" title="Sparta (Griekenland) - Felemenkçe" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sparta (Griekenland)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Felemenkçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A1rti" title="Spárti - Norveççe Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Spárti" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="kaliteli madde"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Norveççe Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveççe Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="kaliteli madde"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esparta" title="Esparta - Oksitan dili" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Esparta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitan dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE" title="ਸਪਾਰਟਾ - Pencapça" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਪਾਰਟਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pencapça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta_(polis)" title="Sparta (polis) - Lehçe" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sparta (polis)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Lehçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%D8%A7" title="سپارٹا - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سپارٹا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="سپارتا - Peştuca" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سپارتا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Peştuca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esparta" title="Esparta - Portekizce" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Esparta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portekizce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Rumence" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Спарта - Rusça" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спарта" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Sicilyaca" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilyaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - İskoçça" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="İskoçça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Sırp-Hırvat Dili" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Sırp-Hırvat Dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ස්පාර්ටාව - Sinhali dili" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ස්පාර්ටාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhali dili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta_(starovek)" title="Sparta (starovek) - Slovakça" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sparta (starovek)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovakça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti%C4%8Dna_%C5%A0parta" title="Antična Šparta - Slovence" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Antična Šparta" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Arnavutça" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Arnavutça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="seçkin madde"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Спарта - Sırpça" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Спарта" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sırpça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - İsveççe" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="İsveççe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE" title="எசுபார்த்தா - Tamilce" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எசுபார்த்தா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilce" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="สปาร์ตา - Tayca" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สปาร์ตา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tayca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Türkmence" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Türkmence" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isparta" title="Isparta - Tagalogca" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Isparta" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalogca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Спарта - Ukraynaca" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Спарта" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraynaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%D8%A7" title="سپارٹا - Urduca" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سپارٹا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urduca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta_(davlat)" title="Sparta (davlat) - Özbekçe" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sparta (davlat)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Özbekçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Venedikçe" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venedikçe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Vietnamca" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Varay" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Varay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E8%BE%BE" title="斯巴达 - Wu Çincesi" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="斯巴达" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E8%BE%BE" title="斯巴达 - Çince" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="斯巴达" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E9%81%94" title="古斯巴達 - Edebi Çince" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="古斯巴達" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Edebi Çince" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta - Min Nan Çincesi" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sparta" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan Çincesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E9%81%94" title="古斯巴達 - Kantonca" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="古斯巴達" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5690#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Dillerarası bağlantıları değiştir" class="wbc-editpage">Bağlantıları değiştir</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ad alanları"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="İçerik sayfasını göster [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Madde</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Sparta" rel="discussion" title="İçerik ile ilgili tartışma [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Tartışma</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Dil varyantını değiştir" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Türkçe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sparta"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparta&veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfayı değiştir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparta&action=edit" title="Bu sayfanın kaynak kodunu düzenleyin [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kaynağı değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparta&action=history" title="Bu sayfanın geçmiş sürümleri [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geçmişi gör</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Araçlar" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Araçlar</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Araçlar</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">gizle</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Daha fazla seçenek" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Eylemler </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sparta"><span>Oku</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparta&veaction=edit" title="Bu sayfayı değiştir [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparta&action=edit" title="Bu sayfanın kaynak kodunu düzenleyin [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kaynağı değiştir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparta&action=history"><span>Geçmişi gör</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Genel </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:SayfayaBa%C4%9Flant%C4%B1lar/Sparta" title="Bu sayfaya bağlantı vermiş tüm viki sayfalarının listesi [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sayfaya bağlantılar</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:%C4%B0lgiliDe%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fiklikler/Sparta" rel="nofollow" title="Bu sayfadan bağlantı verilen sayfalardaki son değişiklikler [k]" accesskey="k"><span>İlgili değişiklikler</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:%C3%96zelSayfalar" title="Tüm özel sayfaların listesi [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Özel sayfalar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparta&oldid=33729006" title="Bu sayfanın bu revizyonuna kalıcı bağlantı"><span>Kalıcı bağlantı</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparta&action=info" title="Bu sayfa hakkında daha fazla bilgi"><span>Sayfa bilgisi</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:KaynakG%C3%B6ster&page=Sparta&id=33729006&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Bu sayfadan nasıl kaynak göstereceği hakkında bilgi"><span>Bu sayfayı kaynak göster</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DSparta%26oldid%3D33729006"><span>Kısaltılmış URL'yi al</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DSparta%26oldid%3D33729006"><span>Karekodu indir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Yazdır/dışa aktar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:Kitap&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Sparta"><span>Bir kitap oluştur</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sparta&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF olarak indir</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparta&printable=yes" title="Bu sayfanın basılmaya uygun sürümü [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Basılmaya uygun görünüm</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Diğer projelerde </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sparta" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5690" title="Veri havuzundaki ilgili ögeye bağlantı [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Vikiveri ögesi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sayfa araçları"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Görünüm"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Görünüm</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">kenar çubuğuna taşı</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">gizle</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vikipedi, özgür ansiklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info"><b>12.32, 30 Ağustos 2024</b> tarihinde <b><a href="/wiki/Kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1:Madrox" class="mw-userlink" title="Kullanıcı:Madrox" data-mw-revid="33729006"><bdi>Madrox</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/Kullan%C4%B1c%C4%B1_mesaj:Madrox" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="Kullanıcı mesaj:Madrox">mesaj</a> | <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:Katk%C4%B1lar/Madrox" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Özel:Katkılar/Madrox">katkılar</a>)</span></b> tarafından oluşturulmuş <b>33729006</b> numaralı sürüm <span class="comment">(dz.)</span></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparta&diff=prev&oldid=33729006" title="Sparta">fark</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparta&direction=prev&oldid=33729006" title="Sparta">← Önceki hali</a> | Güncel sürüm (fark) | Sonraki hali → (fark)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div id="mw-fr-revision-tag-old" class="cdx-message mw-fr-message-box cdx-message--block cdx-message--notice flaggedrevs_notice plainlinks noprint"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content">Sayfanın <i>30 Ağustos 2024</i> tarihinde <a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zel:G%C3%BCnl%C3%BCk&type=review&page=Sparta">onaylanmış</a> olan <a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sparta&stableid=33729006">kontrol edilmiş bir sürümü</a>, bu revizyonu temel almıştır.</div></div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tr" dir="ltr"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Bu madde Antik Yunan şehir devleti hakkındadır.  Günümüzdeki Sparta için <a href="/wiki/Sparta_(modern)" title="Sparta (modern)">Sparta (modern)</a> sayfasına bakınız.  Diğer kullanımlar için <a href="/wiki/Sparta_(anlam_ayr%C4%B1m%C4%B1)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sparta (anlam ayrımı)">Sparta (anlam ayrımı)</a> sayfasına bakınız.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r28603389">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org country-name">Sparta</div><div style="padding-top:0.25em; font-weight:normal;"><span style="font-size:85%;">Λακεδαίμων  <small>(<a href="/wiki/Grek%C3%A7e" title="Grekçe">Grekçe</a>)</small></span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="fn org country-name">Lakedemonya</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader text-align:center;" style="text-align:center;">MÖ 900'ler – MÖ 192</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0;"><div style="padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Sparta_shield.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sparta Lambda harfi Sparta ordusu tarafından Lakedemonya'nın sembolü olarak kullanılmıştır"><img alt="{{{arma_açıklaması}}}" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Sparta_shield.svg/85px-Sparta_shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Sparta_shield.svg/128px-Sparta_shield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Sparta_shield.svg/170px-Sparta_shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1130" data-file-height="1130" /></a></span></div> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Lambda" class="mw-redirect" title="Lambda">Lambda</a> harfi Sparta ordusu tarafından Lakedemonya'nın sembolü olarak kullanılmıştır</div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div align="center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Sparta_Territory.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Antik Sparta'nın toprakları"><img alt="Antik Sparta'nın toprakları" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Sparta_Territory.svg/250px-Sparta_Territory.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Sparta_Territory.svg/375px-Sparta_Territory.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Sparta_Territory.svg/500px-Sparta_Territory.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="743" data-file-height="681" /></a></span></div><div style="position:relative;top:0.3em;font-size:x-small" align="center">Antik Sparta'nın toprakları</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Başkent</th><td class="infobox-data">Sparta</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Yaygın dil(ler)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dor_Yunancas%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dor Yunancası (sayfa mevcut değil)">Dor Yunancası</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resmî din <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Antik_Yunanistan%27da_din" title="Antik Yunanistan'da din">Yunan politeizmi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Hükûmet</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diar%C5%9Fi" title="Diarşi">Diarşi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparta_krallar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_listesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sparta krallarının listesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kral</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r28603389"><table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• MÖ 1104-1066 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evristenis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evristenis (sayfa mevcut değil)">Evristenis</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• MÖ 1104-1062 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proklis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proklis (sayfa mevcut değil)">Proklis</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• MÖ 489-480 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/I._Leonidas" title="I. Leonidas">I. Leonidas</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• MÖ 192 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakonikos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lakonikos (sayfa mevcut değil)">Lakonikos</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Yasama organı</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Efor" title="Efor">Eforlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerousia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerousia">Gerousia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tarihî dönem</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Klasik_Antik_%C3%87a%C4%9F" title="Klasik Antik Çağ">Klasik Antik Çağ</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r28603389"><table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Kuruluşu </div></th><td class="infobox-data">MÖ 900'ler</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0kinci_Messinya_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="İkinci Messinya Savaşı">Messinya Savaşı</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">MÖ 685-668</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Thermopylae_Muharebesi" title="Thermopylae Muharebesi">Thermopylae Muharebesi</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">MÖ 480</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Peloponez_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Peloponez Savaşı">Peloponez Savaşı</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">MÖ 431-404</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mantinea_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1_(M%C3%96_362)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mantinea Savaşı (MÖ 362) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Mantinea Savaşı</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">MÖ 362</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Akha_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Akha Birliği">Akha</a> tarafından <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lhak" title="İlhak">ilhâkı</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">MÖ 192</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Öncüller</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Ardıllar</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yunan_Karanl%C4%B1k_%C3%87a%C4%9Flar%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunan Karanlık Çağları">Yunan Karanlık Çağları</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Akha_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Akha Birliği">Akha Birliği</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Roma_Cumhuriyeti" title="Roma Cumhuriyeti">Roma Cumhuriyeti</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Spqrstone.jpg/20px-Spqrstone.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Spqrstone.jpg/30px-Spqrstone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Spqrstone.jpg/40px-Spqrstone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="521" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sparta</b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dor_Grek%C3%A7esi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dor Grekçesi (sayfa mevcut değil)">Dor Grekçesi</a>: Σπάρτα, <i>Spártā</i> <a href="/wiki/Attika_leh%C3%A7esi" class="mw-redirect" title="Attika lehçesi">Attika Grekçesi</a>: Σπάρτη, <i>Spártē</i>) <a href="/wiki/Antik_Yunanistan" title="Antik Yunanistan">Antik Yunanistan</a>'ın <a href="/wiki/Lakonya" title="Lakonya">Lakonya</a> bölgesindeki öne çıkan bir <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehir_devleti" title="Şehir devleti">şehir devletiydi</a>. Söz konusu şehir devleti, antik dönemde <b>Lakedemon</b> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%B4%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BC%CF%89%CE%BD" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Λακεδαίμων">Λακεδαίμων</a>, <i>Lakedaímōn</i>) olarak bilinirken, Sparta ismi <a href="/wiki/Peloponez" class="mw-redirect" title="Peloponez">Peloponez</a>'in (diğer adıyla Mora Yarımadası) güneydoğusunda bulunan Lakonya bölgesindeki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evrotas_Nehri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evrotas Nehri (sayfa mevcut değil)">Evrotas Nehri</a>'nin kıyısındaki ana yerleşim bölgesi için kullanılan bir isimdi.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sparta, MÖ 650'lerde <a href="/wiki/Antik_Yunanistan" title="Antik Yunanistan">Antik Yunanistan</a>'daki baskın <a href="/wiki/Askeriye" title="Askeriye">askeri kara kuvveti</a> hâline gelmiştir. </p><p>Sparta, askeri üstünlüğü göz önüne bulundurulduğunda, <a href="/wiki/Pers-Yunan_sava%C5%9Flar%C4%B1" title="Pers-Yunan savaşları">Pers-Yunan Savaşları</a> sırasında birleşik Yunan ordusunun önde gelen gücü olarak tanındı. Bu savaşta Sparta aynı safta çarpıştığı <a href="/wiki/Atina_(%C5%9Fehir_devleti)" title="Atina (şehir devleti)">Atina</a>'nın yükselen deniz gücüyle rekabet halindeydi.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sparta, <a href="/wiki/Peloponez_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Peloponez Savaşı">Peloponez Savaşı</a> sırasında (MÖ 431 ile 404 arası) Atina'nın başlıca düşmanıydı ve bu savaştan <a href="/wiki/Aegospotami_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegospotami Savaşı">zaferle</a> çıktı.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sparta şehir devleti <a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%9F%C4%B1ms%C4%B1zl%C4%B1k" title="Bağımsızlık">siyasi bağımsızlığını</a> <a href="/wiki/Korint_Muharebesi_(M%C3%96_146)" title="Korint Muharebesi (MÖ 146)">MÖ 146</a>'da <a href="/wiki/Roma_Yunanistan%C4%B1" title="Roma Yunanistanı">Roma'nın Yunanistan'ı fethine</a> kadar sürdürmesine rağmen, MÖ 371'de gerçekleşmiş <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuktra_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leuktra Savaşı (sayfa mevcut değil)">Leuktra Savaşı</a>, Sparta hegemonyasını sona erdirdi. Sparta, <a href="/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_Roma_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu%27nun_%C3%A7%C3%B6k%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC" title="Batı Roma İmparatorluğu'nun çöküşü">Roma İmparatorluğu'nun bölünmesinden</a> sonra, özellikle de vatandaşlarının birçoğunun <a href="/wiki/Mistra" title="Mistra">Mistra</a>'ya taşındığı <a href="/wiki/Orta_%C3%87a%C4%9F" title="Orta Çağ">Orta Çağ</a>'da uzun bir gerileme dönemi geçirdi. <a href="/wiki/Sparta_(modern)" title="Sparta (modern)">Modern Sparta</a>, güney Yunanistan bölgesi <a href="/wiki/Lakonya" title="Lakonya">Lakonya</a>'nın başkenti olup, bir <a href="/wiki/Narenciye" title="Narenciye">narenciye</a> ve zeytin işleme merkezidir. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coğrafya"><span id="Co.C4.9Frafya"></span>Coğrafya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparta&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Coğrafya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparta&action=edit&section=1" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Coğrafya"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Antique_Map_of_Classical_City_of_Sparta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Antique_Map_of_Classical_City_of_Sparta.jpg/220px-Antique_Map_of_Classical_City_of_Sparta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Antique_Map_of_Classical_City_of_Sparta.jpg/330px-Antique_Map_of_Classical_City_of_Sparta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Antique_Map_of_Classical_City_of_Sparta.jpg/440px-Antique_Map_of_Classical_City_of_Sparta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2218" data-file-height="2071" /></a><figcaption>Klasik Dönem Sparta Şehri Antik Haritası (arkeolojiye değil antik kaynaklara dayanmaktadır).</figcaption></figure> <p>Sparta, güneydoğuda Peloponnese, Laconia bölgesindedir. Antik Sparta, Laconia'nın en büyük nehri olan Eurotas nehri'nin kıyısına inşa edilmişti ve ona bir tatlı su kaynağı sağlıyordu. Eurotas vadisi, batıda Taygetus dağı (2,407 m) ve doğuda Parnon dağı (1,935 m). Kuzeyde Laconia, <a href="/wiki/Arkadya" title="Arkadya">Arkadya</a>'dan 1000 m yüksekliğe ulaşan tepelik yaylalarla ayrılır. Bu doğal savunmalar Sparta'nın avantajına çalıştı ve onu görevden almaktan ve <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0stila" title="İstila">istiladan</a> korudu. Karayla çevrili olmasına rağmen, Sparta'nın Laconian Körfezi üzerinde bir vasal limanı <a href="/wiki/Yitio" title="Yitio">Gytheio</a> vardı. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kuruluşu"><span id="Kurulu.C5.9Fu"></span>Kuruluşu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparta&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kuruluşu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparta&action=edit&section=2" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kuruluşu"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Dosya:Sparta_territory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Sparta_territory.jpg/220px-Sparta_territory.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Sparta_territory.jpg/330px-Sparta_territory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Sparta_territory.jpg/440px-Sparta_territory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="743" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>Sparta bölgesi</figcaption></figure> <p>MÖ 9. yüzyıl sonunda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pitana (sayfa mevcut değil)">Pitana</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meson (sayfa mevcut değil)">Meson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limnai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limnai (sayfa mevcut değil)">Limnai</a> ve <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kynosura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kynosura (sayfa mevcut değil)">Kynosura</a> isimli dört köy birleşti. Ancak şehir hiçbir zaman sur içine alınmadı. MÖ 8. yüzyılda Eurotas vadisi yakın dağlar ve kıyı ovası da şehrin topraklarına katıldı. Zengin <a href="/wiki/Eyalet" title="Eyalet">eyalet</a> Messinia ele geçirildi. İç savaşlarında yaşandığı dönemde şehirde örgütlenmeler başladı. Kurumlar Lykurgos tarafından kuruldu. Bir tür anayasa ilan edildi. <a href="/wiki/Lakedaimonlar" title="Lakedaimonlar">Lakedaimonların</a> sitesi tüm haklara sahip vatandaşlardan oluşuyor, eşitler olarak adlandırılan bu yurttaşlar devletten, Heiloslar tarafından işlenen toprak hissesi (kleros) alıyorlardı. Heiloslar bazen aşağılanıyor ve ülkede huzuru sağlamak için gerekli görülen terör dönemlerinde öldürülüyorlardı. Perioikoslar ise kendi geleneklerine göre yaşıyorlardı. Orduyu iki kral komuta ediyor, siyasal yaşamı ise Gerusialar yönetiyordu. Sparta'daki yaşam bu dönemde çok parlaktı. Ancak ülkede gerginlik artmaya başladı. Argos ile yapılan savaşta yenildiler. Sistem katılaştı. Katı bir eğitim sistemi kabul edildi. Her türlü lüks yasaklandı. MÖ 550'ye doğru, Khilon'un dönemindeki Sparta, elindekileri korumakla yetinen, kendi içine kapanık bir şehir oldu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ayrıca_bakınız"><span id="Ayr.C4.B1ca_bak.C4.B1n.C4.B1z"></span>Ayrıca bakınız</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparta&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Ayrıca bakınız" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparta&action=edit&section=3" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Ayrıca bakınız"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thermopylae_Muharebesi" title="Thermopylae Muharebesi">Thermopylae Muharebesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._Leonidas" title="I. Leonidas">I. Leonidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helot" class="mw-redirect" title="Helot">Helot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agiad" title="Agiad">Agiad</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kaynakça"><span id="Kaynak.C3.A7a"></span>Kaynakça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparta&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Kaynakça" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparta&action=edit&section=4" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Kaynakça"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Özel</b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r32805677">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style></p><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCartledge2002">Cartledge 2002</a>, s. 91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCartledge2002">Cartledge 2002</a>, s. 174</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><strong><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></strong> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCartledge2002">Cartledge 2002</a>, s. 192</span> </li> </ol></div></div><p><b>Genel</b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24952096">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns dl,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ol,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></p><div class="refbegin reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><cite class="kaynak kitap">Davies, Norman (1997) [1996]. <i>Europe: a History</i>. Random House. <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/0712666338" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/0712666338">0712666338</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europe%3A+a+History&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0712666338&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ASparta" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAdcock1957" class="kaynak">Adcock, F.E. (1957), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greekmacedoniana0000adco"><i>The Greek and Macedonian Art of War</i></a>, Berkeley: University of California Press, <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/0-520-00005-6" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/0-520-00005-6">0-520-00005-6</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greek+and+Macedonian+Art+of+War&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1957&rft.isbn=0-520-00005-6&rft.aulast=Adcock&rft.aufirst=F.E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreekmacedoniana0000adco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ASparta" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="kaynak ansiklopedi">Autenrieth, Georg (1891). <i>A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges</i>. New York: Harper and Brothers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Homeric+Dictionary+for+Schools+and+Colleges&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+and+Brothers&rft.date=1891&rft.aulast=Autenrieth&rft.aufirst=Georg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ASparta" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBradford2004" class="kaynak"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernle_Bradford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernle Bradford (sayfa mevcut değil)">Bradford, Ernle</a> (2004), <i>Thermopylae: The Battle for the West</i>, New York: Da Capo Press, <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/0-306-81360-2" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/0-306-81360-2">0-306-81360-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thermopylae%3A+The+Battle+for+the+West&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-306-81360-2&rft.aulast=Bradford&rft.aufirst=Ernle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ASparta" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBuxton1999" class="kaynak">Buxton, Richard (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whatwillidowitho00grin_0"><i>From Myth to Reason?: Studies in the Development of Greek Thought</i></a>, Oxford: Clarendon Press, <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/0-7534-5110-7" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/0-7534-5110-7">0-7534-5110-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Myth+to+Reason%3F%3A+Studies+in+the+Development+of+Greek+Thought&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-7534-5110-7&rft.aulast=Buxton&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhatwillidowitho00grin_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ASparta" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCartledge2002" class="kaynak"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Cartledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Cartledge (sayfa mevcut değil)">Cartledge, Paul</a> (2002), <i>Sparta and Lakonia: A Regional History 1300 to 362 BC</i>, 2, Oxford: Routledge, <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/0-415-26276-3" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/0-415-26276-3">0-415-26276-3</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sparta+and+Lakonia%3A+A+Regional+History+1300+to+362+BC&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=2&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-415-26276-3&rft.aulast=Cartledge&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ASparta" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCartledge2001" class="kaynak"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Cartledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Cartledge (sayfa mevcut değil)">Cartledge, Paul</a> (2001), <i>Spartan Reflections</i>, Londra: Duckworth, <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/0-7156-2966-2" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/0-7156-2966-2">0-7156-2966-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spartan+Reflections&rft.place=Londra&rft.pub=Duckworth&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7156-2966-2&rft.aulast=Cartledge&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ASparta" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Cartledge, Paul. "What have the Spartans Done for us?: Sparta's Contribution to Western Civilization", <i>Greece & Rome</i>, Vol. 51, Issue 2 (2004), pp. 164–179.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCartledgeSpawforth2001" class="kaynak"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Cartledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Cartledge (sayfa mevcut değil)">Cartledge, Paul</a>; Spawforth, Antony (2001), <i>Hellenistic and Roman Sparta</i>, 2, Oxford: Routledge, <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/0-415-26277-1" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/0-415-26277-1">0-415-26277-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hellenistic+and+Roman+Sparta&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=2&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-415-26277-1&rft.aulast=Cartledge&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Spawforth%2C+Antony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ASparta" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEhrenberg1973" class="kaynak"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Ehrenberg_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor Ehrenberg (historian) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Ehrenberg, Victor</a> (1973), <i>From Solon to Socrates: Greek History and Civilisation between the 6th and 5th centuries BC</i>, 2, Londra: Routledge, <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/0-415-04024-8" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/0-415-04024-8">0-415-04024-8</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Solon+to+Socrates%3A+Greek+History+and+Civilisation+between+the+6th+and+5th+centuries+BC&rft.place=Londra&rft.series=2&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-415-04024-8&rft.aulast=Ehrenberg&rft.aufirst=Victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ASparta" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFForrest1968" class="kaynak">Forrest, W.G. (1968), <i>A History of Sparta, 950–192 B.C.</i>, New York: W. W. Norton & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Sparta%2C+950%E2%80%93192+B.C.&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Co.&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Forrest&rft.aufirst=W.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ASparta" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGreen1998" class="kaynak"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Green_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Green (historian) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Green, Peter</a> (1998), <i>The Greco-Persian Wars</i>, 2, Berkeley: University of California Press, <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/0-520-20313-5" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/0-520-20313-5">0-520-20313-5</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greco-Persian+Wars&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.series=2&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-520-20313-5&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ASparta" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="kaynak ansiklopedi">Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940). Jones, Henry Stuart (Ed.). <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>. Oxford: Clarendon Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Greek-English+Lexicon&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1940&rft.aulast=Liddell&rft.aufirst=Henry+George&rft.au=Scott%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ASparta" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMorris1992" class="kaynak">Morris, Ian (1992), <i>Death-Ritual and Social Structure in Classical Antiquity</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/0-521-37611-4" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/0-521-37611-4">0-521-37611-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Death-Ritual+and+Social+Structure+in+Classical+Antiquity&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-521-37611-4&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ASparta" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPomeroy2002" class="kaynak">Pomeroy, Sarah B. (2002), <i>Spartan Women</i>, Oxford: Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-19-513067-6" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-19-513067-6">978-0-19-513067-6</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spartan+Women&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-19-513067-6&rft.aulast=Pomeroy&rft.aufirst=Sarah+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ASparta" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPowell2001" class="kaynak">Powell, Anton (2001), <i>Athens and Sparta: Constructing Greek Political and Social History from 478 BC</i>, 2, Londra: Routledge, <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/0-415-26280-1" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/0-415-26280-1">0-415-26280-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Athens+and+Sparta%3A+Constructing+Greek+Political+and+Social+History+from+478+BC&rft.place=Londra&rft.series=2&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-415-26280-1&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Anton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ASparta" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="kaynak kitap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pausanias_(geographer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pausanias (geographer) (sayfa mevcut değil)">Pausanias</a> (1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/pausaniasgreece02pausuoft"><i>Description of Greece</i></a>. with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA; London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Description+of+Greece&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA%3B+London&rft.date=1918&rft.au=Pausanias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpausaniasgreece02pausuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ASparta" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPlutarch1874" class="kaynak"><a href="/wiki/Plutarch" class="mw-redirect" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a> (1874), <i>Plutarch's Morals</i>, Plutarch, Translated from the Greek by several hands. Corrected and revised by. William W. Goodwin, PH. D., Boston, Cambridge</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plutarch%27s+Morals&rft.place=Boston%2C+Cambridge&rft.series=Plutarch&rft.date=1874&rft.au=Plutarch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ASparta" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPlutarch1891" class="kaynak">Plutarch (1891), Bernardakis, Gregorius N. (Ed.), <i>Moralia</i>, Plutarch (Yunanca), Leipzig: Teubner</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moralia&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.series=Plutarch&rft.pub=Teubner&rft.date=1891&rft.au=Plutarch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ASparta" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPlutarch2005" class="kaynak">Plutarch (2005), Richard J.A. Talbert (Ed.), <i>On Sparta</i>, 2, Londra: Penguin Books, <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/0-14-044943-4" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/0-14-044943-4">0-14-044943-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Sparta&rft.place=Londra&rft.series=2&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-14-044943-4&rft.au=Plutarch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ASparta" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFPlutarch2004" class="kaynak">Plutarch (2004), Frank Cole Babbitt (Ed.), <i>Moralia Vol. III</i>, Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/0-674-99270-9" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/0-674-99270-9">0-674-99270-9</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moralia+Vol.+III&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.series=Loeb+Classical+Library&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-674-99270-9&rft.au=Plutarch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ASparta" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFThompson2002" class="kaynak">Thompson, F. Hugh (2002), <i>The Archaeology of Greek and Roman Slavery</i>, Londra: Duckworth, <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/0-7156-3195-0" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/0-7156-3195-0">0-7156-3195-0</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Archaeology+of+Greek+and+Roman+Slavery&rft.place=Londra&rft.pub=Duckworth&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7156-3195-0&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=F.+Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ASparta" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFThucydides1974" class="kaynak"><a href="/wiki/Thucydides" class="mw-redirect" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a> (1974), M.I. Finley, Rex Warner (Ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofpelopo000thuc"><i>History of the Peloponnesian War</i></a>, Londra: Penguin Books, <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/0-14-044039-9" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/0-14-044039-9">0-14-044039-9</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Peloponnesian+War&rft.place=Londra&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-14-044039-9&rft.au=Thucydides&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofpelopo000thuc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ASparta" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFWest1999" class="kaynak"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Litchfield_West" title="Martin Litchfield West">West, M.L.</a> (1999), <i>Greek Lyric Poetry</i>, Oxford: Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/Uluslararas%C4%B1_Standart_Kitap_Numaras%C4%B1" title="Uluslararası Standart Kitap Numarası">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96zel:KitapKaynaklar%C4%B1/978-0-19-954039-6" title="Özel:KitapKaynakları/978-0-19-954039-6">978-0-19-954039-6</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+Lyric+Poetry&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-19-954039-6&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=M.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftr.wikipedia.org%3ASparta" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dış_bağlantılar"><span id="D.C4.B1.C5.9F_ba.C4.9Flant.C4.B1lar"></span>Dış bağlantılar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparta&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Değiştirilen bölüm: Dış bağlantılar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparta&action=edit&section=5" title="Bölümün kaynak kodunu değiştir: Dış bağlantılar"><span>kaynağı değiştir</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a>'ta <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sparta?uselang=tr"><b>Sparta</b></a></span> ile ilgili çoklu ortam belgeleri bulunur.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gtp.gr/LocPage.asp?id=9773">GTP—Sparta</a>5 Aralık 2004 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041205053417/http://www.gtp.gr/LocPage.asp?ID=9773">arşivlendi</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gtp.gr/LocPage.asp?id=61562">GTP—Ancient Sparta</a>4 Aralık 2004 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041204161531/http://www.gtp.gr/LocPage.asp?id=61562">arşivlendi</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021005160925/http://www.elysiumgates.com/~helena/">Sparta'nın tekrar gözden geçirilmiş tarihi, Antik Sparta'nın inanaçları ve kültürü</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100211192222/http://www.journaloflaconicstudies.markoulakispublications.org.uk/">Journal of Laconian Studies—A peer-review open source Journal for the study of Laconian history</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sparta.markoulakispublications.org.uk">Sparta & Yunan tarihi</a>21 Ekim 2016 tarihinde <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> sitesinde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161021064543/http://www.sparta.markoulakispublications.org.uk/">arşivlendi</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/eb11-sparta.html">Antik Tarih Kaynak Kitabı: 11. 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