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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Organization that advances cybernetics as a science</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">American Society for Cybernetics (ASC)</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:AmericanSocietyforCyberneticsLogo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/10/AmericanSocietyforCyberneticsLogo.png/220px-AmericanSocietyforCyberneticsLogo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/10/AmericanSocietyforCyberneticsLogo.png/330px-AmericanSocietyforCyberneticsLogo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/10/AmericanSocietyforCyberneticsLogo.png/440px-AmericanSocietyforCyberneticsLogo.png 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">1964</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_J._Ford_(CIA)" title="John J. Ford (CIA)">John J. Ford (CIA)</a>, Paul S. Henshaw (AEC), Douglas E. Knight (IBM), <a href="/wiki/Robert_Livingston_(scientist)" title="Robert Livingston (scientist)">Robert Livingston (scientist)</a>, Donald N. Michael, William C. Moore (lawyer), and Walter N. Munster.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Professional Organization</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Focus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cybernetics" title="Cybernetics">Cybernetics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington DC">Washington DC</a>, United States (membership is now worldwide)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served </div></th><td class="infobox-data">USA, worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Method</th><td class="infobox-data">Conferences, Publications, Website.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Pangaro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Pangaro (page does not exist)">Paul Pangaro</a> (current president)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asc-cybernetics.org/">homepage</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>American Society for Cybernetics</b> (<b>ASC</b>) is an American non-profit <a href="/wiki/School" title="School">scholastic</a> <a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">organization</a> for the advancement of <a href="/wiki/Cybernetics" title="Cybernetics">cybernetics</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>, a discipline, a meta-discipline and the promotion of cybernetics as basis for an interdisciplinary discourse. The society does this by developing and applying cybernetics’ concepts which are presented and published via its conferences and peer-reviewed publications. As a meta-discipline, it creates bridges between disciplines, philosophies, sciences, and arts.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ASC is a full member of the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Systems_Research" title="International Federation for Systems Research">International Federation for Systems Research</a> (IFSR). </p><p>In order to do so it holds conferences and seminars, and maintains contacts with cyberneticians and organizations for cybernetics in other countries. Further activities of the ASC are: </p> <ul><li>ASC Glossary on Cybernetics and Systems Theory<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Disciplinary Matrices in Cybernetics and Systems Science<sup id="cite_ref-gwu.edu_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gwu.edu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Wiener and McCulloch awards</li></ul> <p>The American Society for Cybernetics was founded in 1964 in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a> to encourage new developments in cybernetics as an interdisciplinary field (with <a href="/wiki/Warren_McCulloch" class="mw-redirect" title="Warren McCulloch">Warren McCulloch</a> as first elected president of the ASC).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The society was spearheaded by <a href="/wiki/John_J._Ford_(CIA)" title="John J. Ford (CIA)">John J. Ford</a> of the <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a> to counter growing advancements from the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> in <a href="/wiki/Computing" title="Computing">computing</a> and cybernetics <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Evgeny_Morozov" title="Evgeny Morozov">Evgeny Morozov</a>, it bought together a number of academics, <a href="/wiki/Policy-makers" class="mw-redirect" title="Policy-makers">policy makers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spy" class="mw-redirect" title="Spy">spies</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Business_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Business people">business people</a> to meet this aim.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morozov also notes that international and national pressures during the late 1960s led to increased interest in cybernetics for policy makers and governmental officials as a way to minimise uncertainty domestically and on the world stage.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1980s ASC became a member of the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Systems_Research" title="International Federation for Systems Research">International Federation for Systems Research</a>, and in the 1990s supported the <a href="/wiki/Principia_Cybernetica" title="Principia Cybernetica">Principia Cybernetica</a> Project. </p><p>The ASC has been maintaining an editorial column in the interdisciplinary <i><a href="/wiki/Cybernetics_and_Human_Knowing" title="Cybernetics and Human Knowing">Cybernetics and Human Knowing Journal</a></i> since its first issue in 1992. Rodney Donaldson was the first ASC president to write for the column. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annual_Cybernetics_Symposia">Annual Cybernetics Symposia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Society_for_Cybernetics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Annual Cybernetics Symposia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_Annual_Cybernetics_Symposium">First Annual Cybernetics Symposium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Society_for_Cybernetics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: First Annual Cybernetics Symposium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The First Annual Cybernetics Symposium of the ASC was held on 26–7 October 1967 at the <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Standards" class="mw-redirect" title="National Bureau of Standards">National Bureau of Standards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaithersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaithersburg">Gaithersburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>. The theme was "Purposive Systems: The Edge of Knowledge."<sup id="cite_ref-ASC's_First_Annual_Symposium_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASC's_First_Annual_Symposium-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following people made presentations:<sup id="cite_ref-World_Cat_Purposive_systems_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Cat_Purposive_systems-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Amarel" title="Saul Amarel">Saul Amarel</a>: "Problems of representation in artificial intelligence"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Amosov" title="Nikolai Amosov">Nikolai Amosov</a>: "Simulation of thinking processes"</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Ansch%C3%BCtz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Anschütz (page does not exist)">Herbert Anschütz</a>: "Prospects for the development of the psychocybernetics of intelligent behavior"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehoshua_Bar-Hillel" title="Yehoshua Bar-Hillel">Yehoshua Bar-Hillel</a>: "The future of man-machine languages"</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_S._Fraser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander S. Fraser (page does not exist)">Alexander S. Fraser</a>: "The evolution of purposive behavior"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Gerard" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph Gerard">Ralph Gerard</a>: "The neurophysiology of purposive behavior"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerrier_A._Haddad" title="Jerrier A. Haddad">Jerrier A. Haddad</a>: "Hardware for purposive systems"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hawkins_(philosopher)" title="David Hawkins (philosopher)">David Hawkins</a>: "The nature of purpose"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a>: "Cybernetics of Cybernetics"</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emmanuel_G._Mesthene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emmanuel G. Mesthene (page does not exist)">Emmanuel G. Mesthene</a>: "How technology will shape the future"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talcott_Parsons" title="Talcott Parsons">Talcott Parsons</a>: "Facilitating technological innovation in society"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Seitz" title="Frederick Seitz">Frederick Seitz</a>: "The Challenge"<sup id="cite_ref-ASC's_First_Annual_Symposium_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASC's_First_Annual_Symposium-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">Ivan Sutherland</a>: "Facilitating the man-machine interface"</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ASC_Presidents">ASC Presidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Society_for_Cybernetics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: ASC Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li>2021- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Pangaro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Pangaro (page does not exist)">Paul Pangaro</a></li> <li>2014-2020 <a href="/wiki/Michael_Lissack" title="Michael Lissack">Michael Lissack</a></li> <li>2009-2014 <a href="/wiki/Ranulph_Glanville" title="Ranulph Glanville">Ranulph Glanville</a></li> <li>2005-2008 <a href="/wiki/Louis_Kauffman" title="Louis Kauffman">Louis Kauffman</a></li> <li>2002-2004 <a href="/wiki/Allenna_Leonard" title="Allenna Leonard">Allenna Leonard</a></li> <li>1999-2001 Pille Bunnell</li> <li>1994-1998 Frank Galuszka</li> <li>1992-1993 Rodney Donaldson</li> <li>1989-1991 Fred Steier</li> <li>1986-1988 <a href="/wiki/Larry_Richards" title="Larry Richards">Larry Richards</a></li> <li>1984-1985 Jon Cunnyngham</li> <li>1983-1984 Bill Reckmeyer</li> <li>1980-1982 <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Umpleby" title="Stuart Umpleby">Stuart Umpleby</a></li> <li>1978-1979 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barry_Clemson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barry Clemson (page does not exist)">Barry Clemson</a></li> <li>1976-1977 Mark Ozer</li> <li>1975-1976 Herbert Robinson</li> <li>1972-1974 Roy Hermann</li> <li>1970-1971 Carl Hammer</li> <li>1969-1970 <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_J._Fogel" title="Lawrence J. Fogel">Lawrence J. Fogel</a></li> <li>1967-1968 <a href="/wiki/Warren_McCulloch" class="mw-redirect" title="Warren McCulloch">Warren McCulloch</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wiener_and_McCulloch_awards">Wiener and McCulloch awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Society_for_Cybernetics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Wiener and McCulloch awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The "Wiener Medal in Cybernetics" is an annual award by the American Society for Cybernetics in recognition of outstanding achievements or contributions in the field of cybernetics.<sup id="cite_ref-Awards_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Awards-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2005 the award has been redefined to recognize achievements and contributions from younger scholars and researchers working in cybernetics or with applications of cybernetics.<sup id="cite_ref-Awards_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Awards-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recipients of the Wiener and McCulloch awards: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Wood" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert C. Wood">Robert C. Wood</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Warren_McCulloch" class="mw-redirect" title="Warren McCulloch">Warren McCulloch</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Stuart_A._Kauffman" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuart A. Kauffman">Stuart A. Kauffman</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Grossberg" title="Stephen Grossberg">Stephen Grossberg</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Stafford_Beer" title="Stafford Beer">Stafford Beer</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Natalia_Bechtereva" class="mw-redirect" title="Natalia Bechtereva">Natalia Bechtereva</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Heinz_von_Foerster" title="Heinz von Foerster">Heinz von Foerster</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Bateson" title="Gregory Bateson">Gregory Bateson</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Pask" title="Gordon Pask">Gordon Pask</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Humberto_Maturana" title="Humberto Maturana">Humberto Maturana</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Brun" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Brun">Herbert Brun</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Louis_Kauffman" title="Louis Kauffman">Louis Kauffman</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Krippendorff" title="Klaus Krippendorff">Klaus Krippendorff</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_von_Glasersfeld" title="Ernst von Glasersfeld">Ernst von Glasersfeld</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pille_Bunnell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pille Bunnell (page does not exist)">Pille Bunnell</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fran%C3%A7ois_(systems_scientist)" title="Charles François (systems scientist)">Charles François</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Larry_Richards" title="Larry Richards">Larry Richards</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Umpleby" title="Stuart Umpleby">Stuart Umpleby</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Humberto_Maturana" title="Humberto Maturana">Humberto Maturana</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Varela" title="Francisco Varela">Francisco Varela</a></li> <li>2008: Ricardo Uribe</li> <li>2008: Richard Jung</li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Lars_L%C3%B6fgren" title="Lars Löfgren">Lars Löfgren</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B8ren_Brier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Søren Brier (page does not exist)">Søren Brier</a></li> <li>2008: Alexander Riegler</li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Mary_Catherine_Bateson" title="Mary Catherine Bateson">Mary Catherine Bateson</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Vall%C3%A9e" title="Robert Vallée">Robert Vallée</a></li> <li>2011: Thomas Fischer</li> <li>2012: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_Parenti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan Parenti (page does not exist)">Susan Parenti</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Scott" title="Bernard Scott">Bernard Scott</a></li> <li>2013: Heinz von Foerster Society</li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Louis_H._Kauffman" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis H. Kauffman">Louis H. Kauffman</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Allenna_Leonard" title="Allenna Leonard">Allenna Leonard</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Pangaro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Pangaro (page does not exist)">Paul Pangaro</a></li> <li>2014: Randall Whitaker</li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Wilby" title="Jennifer Wilby">Jennifer Wilby</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Ranulph_Glanville" title="Ranulph Glanville">Ranulph Glanville</a></li> <li>2016: Julia Frazer and John H. Frazer</li> <li>2016: William J. Reckmeyer</li> <li>2018: Paul Weston</li> <li>2019: Mark Enslin</li> <li>2019: Fred Steier</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Society_for_Cybernetics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asc-cybernetics.org/by-laws/">ASC By-Laws</a>. Retrieved 1 January 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASC/ASCGloss.html">ASC Glossary</a>. Retrieved 8 June 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gwu.edu-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gwu.edu_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwu.edu/~asc/people/dpmatrix.html">Disciplinary Matrices in Cybernetics and Systems Science</a>. Retrieved 8 June 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asc-cybernetics.org/organization/history.htm">HISTORY OF THE ASC</a>. Retrieved 8 June 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMorozov2024" class="citation news cs1">Morozov, Evgeny (28 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/c63dae2b-b0d5-4b27-a718-2cce165097b9">"The AI we could have had"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240629061324/https://www.ft.com/content/c63dae2b-b0d5-4b27-a718-2cce165097b9">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=The+AI+we+could+have+had&rft.date=2024-06-28&rft.aulast=Morozov&rft.aufirst=Evgeny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fc63dae2b-b0d5-4b27-a718-2cce165097b9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Society+for+Cybernetics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDechert1966" class="citation book cs1">Dechert, Charles R., ed. (1966). <i>The Social Impact of Cybernetics</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Applying+the+Science+of+Context%3A+Home+of+the+American+Society+for+Cybernetics&rft.atitle=ASC+History&rft.aulast=Umpleby&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasc-cybernetics.org%2Fasc-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Society+for+Cybernetics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ASC's_First_Annual_Symposium-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ASC's_First_Annual_Symposium_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ASC's_First_Annual_Symposium_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.univie.ac.at/aoc/asc/Periodica/I_1_1968.pdf">"ASC's First Annual Symposium ls a Resounding Success"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. 1, no. 1 January 1968. American Society for Cybernetics. ASC News. 1968.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=ASC%27s+First+Annual+Symposium+ls+a+Resounding+Success&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1+January+1968&rft.date=1968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.univie.ac.at%2Faoc%2Fasc%2FPeriodica%2FI_1_1968.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Society+for+Cybernetics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-World_Cat_Purposive_systems-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-World_Cat_Purposive_systems_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Purposive systems; proceedings of the first annual symposium of the American Society for Cybernetics</i>. OCLC. 1969. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/21901">21901</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Purposive+systems%3B+proceedings+of+the+first+annual+symposium+of+the+American+Society+for+Cybernetics.&rft.pub=OCLC&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F21901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmerican+Society+for+Cybernetics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Awards-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Awards_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Awards_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asc-cybernetics.org/organization/awards.htm">ASC Awards</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192011/http://www.asc-cybernetics.org/organization/awards.htm">Archived</a> 2016-03-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 8 June 2008.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Society_for_Cybernetics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asc-cybernetics.org/">ASC website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asc-cybernetics.org/foundations/ASCGlossary.htm">The ASC Glossary of Cybernetics</a> by the American Society for Cybernetics</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chkjournal.com/">Cybernetics and Human Knowing Journal website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifsr.org">International Federation for Systems Research</a></li></ul> <div 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