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vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specific_nesting_grounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 Specific nesting grounds </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specific_nesting_grounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galápagos_green_turtle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galápagos_green_turtle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 Galápagos green turtle </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galápagos_green_turtle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Habitat </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology_and_behavior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology_and_behavior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Ecology and behavior </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ecology_and_behavior-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Ecology and behavior subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Ecology_and_behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Diet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Predators_and_parasites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Predators_and_parasites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Predators and parasites </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Predators_and_parasites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_cycle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_cycle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Life cycle </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_cycle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breathing_and_sleep" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breathing_and_sleep"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Breathing and sleep </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breathing_and_sleep-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physiology_and_sensory_modalities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physiology_and_sensory_modalities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Physiology and sensory modalities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physiology_and_sensory_modalities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unique_characteristics_and_features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unique_characteristics_and_features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Unique characteristics and features </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unique_characteristics_and_features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Importance_to_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Importance_to_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Importance to humans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Importance_to_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Conservation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Conservation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Conservation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Threats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Threats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Threats </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Threats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_initiatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_initiatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Global initiatives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_initiatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Country-specific_initiatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Country-specific_initiatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Country-specific initiatives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Country-specific_initiatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Genetics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Green sea turtle</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 68 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" > 68 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A3%D8%A9_%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="لجأة خضراء – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لجأة خضراء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%9D%DC%A1%DC%A1%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%9D%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A9%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܩܪܝܬܐ ܝܡܡܝܬܐ ܝܪܘܩܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܪܝܬܐ ܝܡܡܝܬܐ ܝܪܘܩܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelonia_mydas" title="Chelonia mydas – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Chelonia mydas" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%C5%9F%C4%B1l_t%C4%B1sba%C4%9Fa" title="Yaşıl tısbağa – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yaşıl tısbağa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyu_gadang" title="Penyu gadang – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Penyu gadang" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE" title="সবুজ সাগর কাছিম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সবুজ সাগর কাছিম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%CC%8Dk_h%C3%A1i-ku" title="Le̍k hái-ku – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Le̍k hái-ku" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Зелена морска костенурка – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Зелена морска костенурка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baot_c%27hlas" title="Baot c'hlas – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Baot c'hlas" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortuga_verda" title="Tortuga verda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tortuga verda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katuan" title="Katuan – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Katuan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kareta_obrovsk%C3%A1" title="Kareta obrovská – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kareta obrovská" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crwban_M%C3%B4r_Gwyrdd" title="Crwban Môr Gwyrdd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Crwban Môr Gwyrdd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppeskildpadde" title="Suppeskildpadde – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Suppeskildpadde" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCne_Meeresschildkr%C3%B6te" title="Grüne Meeresschildkröte – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grüne Meeresschildkröte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1%C5%82t%C5%82%CA%BC%C3%A1%C3%A1h_ch%CA%BC%C3%A9%C3%A9h_digh%C3%A1hii_doot%C5%82%CA%BCizh%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Táłtłʼááh chʼééh digháhii dootłʼizhígíí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Táłtłʼááh chʼééh digháhii dootłʼizhígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roheline_merikilpkonn" title="Roheline merikilpkonn – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Roheline merikilpkonn" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Πράσινη χελώνα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πράσινη χελώνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelonia_mydas" title="Chelonia mydas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chelonia mydas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelonio" title="Kelonio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kelonio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dortoka_berde" title="Dortoka berde – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dortoka berde" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="لاک‌پشت سبز دریایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لاک‌پشت سبز دریایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BApanarskjaldb%C3%B8kur" title="Súpanarskjaldbøkur – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Súpanarskjaldbøkur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortue_verte" title="Tortue verte – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tortue verte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtar_glas" title="Turtar glas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Turtar glas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartaruga_mari%C3%B1a_verde" title="Tartaruga mariña verde – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tartaruga mariña verde" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8B_%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%88_%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8B" title="લીલો દરીયાઈ કાચબો – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="લીલો દરીયાઈ કાચબો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%8B%A4%EA%B1%B0%EB%B6%81" title="바다거북 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바다거북" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B9_%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Կանաչ կրիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կանաչ կրիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golema_%C5%BEelva" title="Golema želva – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Golema želva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyu_hijau" title="Penyu hijau – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penyu hijau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A6n_skjaldbaka" title="Græn skjaldbaka – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Græn skjaldbaka" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelonia_mydas" title="Chelonia mydas – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chelonia mydas" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%91_%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7" title="צב ים ירוק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צב ים ירוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulus_Ijem" title="Bulus Ijem – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bulus Ijem" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Жашыл ташбака – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жашыл ташбака" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelonia_mydas" title="Chelonia mydas – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chelonia mydas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDaliasis_v%C4%97%C5%BElys" title="Žaliasis vėžlys – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žaliasis vėžlys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6z%C3%B6ns%C3%A9ges_levestekn%C5%91s" title="Közönséges levesteknős – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Közönséges levesteknős" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Зелена морска желка – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Зелена морска желка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokatra_maitso" title="Sokatra maitso – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sokatra maitso" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE" title="പച്ചക്കടലാമ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പച്ചക്കടലാമ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5" title="हिरवे कासव – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हिरवे कासव" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="سلحفاه بحريه خضراء – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سلحفاه بحريه خضراء" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyu_hijau" title="Penyu hijau – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penyu hijau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="ပြင်သာလိပ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပြင်သာလိပ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soepschildpad" title="Soepschildpad – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Soepschildpad" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%9F%E3%82%AC%E3%83%A1" title="アオウミガメ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アオウミガメ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nn_havskilpadde" title="Grønn havskilpadde – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grønn havskilpadde" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DA%BE%DA%86%D9%88%D9%BE%DA%91%D8%A7" title="ہرا سمندری کھچوپڑا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہرا سمندری کھچوپڑا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BB%C3%B3%C5%82w_jadalny" title="Żółw jadalny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Żółw jadalny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartaruga-verde" title="Tartaruga-verde – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tartaruga-verde" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Зелёная черепаха – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зелёная черепаха" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_sea_turtle" title="Green sea turtle – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Green sea turtle" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kareta_obrovsk%C3%A1" title="Kareta obrovská – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kareta obrovská" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%9A%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Зелена морска корњача – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Зелена морска корњача" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liemikilpikonna" title="Liemikilpikonna – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Liemikilpikonna" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B6n_havssk%C3%B6ldpadda" title="Grön havssköldpadda – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grön havssköldpadda" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="தோணியாமை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தோணியாமை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8" title="เต่าตนุ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เต่าตนุ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelonia_mydas" title="Chelonia mydas – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Chelonia mydas" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Зелена черепаха – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зелена черепаха" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B2_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DA%86%DA%BE%D9%88%D8%A7" title="سبز سمندری کچھوا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سبز سمندری کچھوا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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For the comic book character, see <a href="/wiki/Green_Turtle_(comics)" title="Green Turtle (comics)">Green Turtle (comics)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Chelonia" redirects here. For the synonym of the order Testudines, see <a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">Turtle</a>.</div> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Green sea turtle </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_turtle_swimming_over_coral_reefs_in_Kona.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Green_turtle_swimming_over_coral_reefs_in_Kona.jpg/220px-Green_turtle_swimming_over_coral_reefs_in_Kona.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Green_turtle_swimming_over_coral_reefs_in_Kona.jpg/330px-Green_turtle_swimming_over_coral_reefs_in_Kona.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Green_turtle_swimming_over_coral_reefs_in_Kona.jpg/440px-Green_turtle_swimming_over_coral_reefs_in_Kona.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">A green sea turtle swimming above a <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaiian</a> <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reef</a> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /> <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species_(IUCN_status)" title="Endangered species (IUCN status)">Endangered</a>  (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-1">[1]</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">CITES</a> Appendix I (<a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">CITES</a>)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Chelonia" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">Reptilia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">Testudines</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Suborder: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cryptodira" title="Cryptodira">Cryptodira</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Superfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sea_turtle" title="Sea turtle">Chelonioidea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cheloniidae" title="Cheloniidae">Cheloniidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cheloniinae" title="Cheloniinae">Cheloniinae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chelonia</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Brongniart" title="Alexandre Brongniart">Brongniart</a>, 1800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species">C. mydas</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">Chelonia mydas <div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae" title="10th edition of Systema Naturae">1758</a>)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><a href="#cite_note-Fritz_2007-3">[3]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Species synonymy</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Testudo mydas Linnaeus, 1758 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Testudo macropus <a href="/wiki/Johann_Julius_Walbaum" title="Johann Julius Walbaum">Walbaum</a>, 1782 (<a href="/wiki/Nomen_illegitimum" title="Nomen illegitimum">nomen illegitimum</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Testudo viridis <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlob_Theaenus_Schneider" title="Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider">Schneider</a>, 1783 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Testudo japonica <a href="/wiki/Carl_Peter_Thunberg" title="Carl Peter Thunberg">Thunberg</a>, 1787 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Testudo marina vulgaris <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Germain_de_Lac%C3%A9p%C3%A8de" title="Bernard Germain de Lacépède">Lacépède</a>, 1788 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Testudo viridisquamosa Lacépède, 1788 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Testudo mydas macropus <a href="/wiki/Georg_Adolf_Suckow" title="Georg Adolf Suckow">Suckow</a>, 1798 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia mydas — <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Brongniart" title="Alexandre Brongniart">Brongniart</a>, 1800 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Testudo chloronotos <a href="/wiki/Johann_Matth%C3%A4us_Bechstein" title="Johann Matthäus Bechstein">Bechstein</a>, 1800 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Testudo cepediana <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Marie_Daudin" title="François Marie Daudin">Daudin</a>, 1801 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Testudo rugosa Daudin, 1801 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelone mydas — Brongniart, 1805 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia japonica — <a href="/wiki/August_Friedrich_Schweigger" title="August Friedrich Schweigger">Schweigger</a>, 1812 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia virgata Schweigger, 1812 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Caretta cepedii <a href="/wiki/Blasius_Merrem" title="Blasius Merrem">Merrem</a>, 1820 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Caretta esculenta Merrem, 1820 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Caretta thunbergii Merrem, 1820 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Caretta mydas — <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Fitzinger" title="Leopold Fitzinger">Fitzinger</a>, 1826 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Caretta virgata — Fitzinger, 1826 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia lachrymata <a href="/wiki/Georges_Cuvier" title="Georges Cuvier">Cuvier</a>, 1829 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia maculosa Cuvier, 1829 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia midas [sic] <a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Wagler" title="Johann Georg Wagler">Wagler</a>, 1830 (<a href="/wiki/Ex_errore" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex errore">ex errore</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia mydas var. japonica — <a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Gray" title="John Edward Gray">Gray</a>, 1831 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia esculenta — <a href="/wiki/Arend_Friedrich_August_Wiegmann" title="Arend Friedrich August Wiegmann">Wiegmann</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Fiedrich_Ruthe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Fiedrich Ruthe (page does not exist)">Ruthe</a>, 1832 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia bicarinata <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Primev%C3%A8re_Lesson" class="mw-redirect" title="René Primevère Lesson">Lesson</a>, 1834 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia marmorata <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Marie_Constant_Dum%C3%A9ril" title="André Marie Constant Duméril">A.M.C. Duméril</a> & <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Bibron" title="Gabriel Bibron">Bibron</a>, 1835 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia (Chelonia) cepedeana [sic] Fitzinger, 1835 (ex errore) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia viridis — <a href="/wiki/Coenraad_Jacob_Temminck" title="Coenraad Jacob Temminck">Temminck</a> & <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Schlegel" title="Hermann Schlegel">Schlegel</a>, 1835 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Mydas mydas — <a href="/wiki/Jean_Th%C3%A9odore_Cocteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Théodore Cocteau">Cocteau</a>, 1838 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Mydasea mydas — <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gervais" title="Paul Gervais">Gervais</a>, 1843 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Euchelonia mydas — <a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_von_Tschudi" title="Johann Jakob von Tschudi">Tschudi</a>, 1846 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Megemys mydas — <a href="/wiki/Johannes_von_Nepomuk_Franz_Xaver_Gistel" title="Johannes von Nepomuk Franz Xaver Gistel">Gistel</a>, 1848 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia lacrymata [sic] Agassiz, 1857 (ex errore) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia formosa <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Girard" title="Charles Frédéric Girard">Girard</a>, 1858 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia tenuis Girard, 1858 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Euchelys macropus — Girard, 1858 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelone macropus — <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Strauch" title="Alexander Strauch">Strauch</a>, 1862 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelone maculosa — Strauch, 1862 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelone marmorata — Strauch, 1862 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelone virgata — Strauch, 1862 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelone viridis — Strauch, 1862 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia albiventer <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Domenico_Nardo" title="Giovanni Domenico Nardo">Nardo</a>, 1864 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Thalassiochelys albiventer — <a href="/wiki/Albert_G%C3%BCnther" title="Albert Günther">Günther</a>, 1865 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia agassizii <a href="/wiki/Marie_Firmin_Bocourt" title="Marie Firmin Bocourt">Bocourt</a>, 1868 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Mydas viridis — Gray, 1870 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelone midas — <a href="/wiki/Edward_Drinker_Cope" title="Edward Drinker Cope">Cope</a>, 1871 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia lata <a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Amando_Philippi" title="Rodolfo Amando Philippi">Philippi</a>, 1887 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelone mydas — <a href="/wiki/George_Albert_Boulenger" title="George Albert Boulenger">Boulenger</a>, 1889 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia mydas mydas — <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mertens" title="Robert Mertens">Mertens</a> & <a href="/wiki/Lorenz_M%C3%BCller" title="Lorenz Müller">L. Müller</a>, 1928 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Caretta thunbergi [sic] <a href="/wiki/Hobart_Muir_Smith" title="Hobart Muir Smith">H.M. Smith</a>, 1931 (ex errore) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia mydas agassizii — <a href="/wiki/Archie_Carr" title="Archie Carr">Carr</a>, 1952 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia mydas agassizi [sic] <a href="/wiki/Karl_Patterson_Schmidt" title="Karl Patterson Schmidt">Schmidt</a>, 1953 (ex errore) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia mydas carrinegra <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_K._Caldwell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David K. Caldwell (page does not exist)">Caldwell</a>, 1962 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia agazisii [sic] <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jorge_L._Tamayo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jorge L. Tamayo (page does not exist)">Tamayo</a>, 1962 (ex errore) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Testudo nigrita Tamayo, 1962 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia agassizi — Carr, 1967 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia mydus [sic] <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wirot_Nutaphand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wirot Nutaphand (page does not exist)">Nutaphand</a>, 1979 (ex errore) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia mydas carinegra [sic] Nutaphand, 1979 (ex errore) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Testudo chloronotus [sic] H.M. Smith & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rozella_Pearl_Beverly_Blood_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rozella Pearl Beverly Blood Smith (page does not exist)">R.B. Smith</a>, 1980 (ex errore) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelone albiventer — Márquez, 1990 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Caretta thumbergii [sic] <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramesh_Chandra_Sharma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramesh Chandra Sharma (page does not exist)">Sharma</a>, 1998 (ex errore) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Chelonia mydas viridis — <a href="/w/index.php?title=S.A._Karl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S.A. Karl (page does not exist)">Karl</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=B.W._Bowen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="B.W. Bowen (page does not exist)">Bowen</a>, 1999 </li></ul> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> The green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), also known as the green turtle, black (sea) turtle or Pacific green turtle,<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of large <a href="/wiki/Sea_turtle" title="Sea turtle">sea turtle</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <a href="/wiki/Cheloniidae" title="Cheloniidae">Cheloniidae</a>. It is the only <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> Chelonia.<a href="#cite_note-ITIS-5">[5]</a> Its range extends throughout <a href="/wiki/Tropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical">tropical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical">subtropical</a> seas around the world, with two distinct populations in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Oceans</a>, but it is also found in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NGeo-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-7">[7]</a> The common name refers to the usually green <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a> found beneath its <a href="/wiki/Carapace" title="Carapace">carapace</a>, due to its diet strictly being seagrass,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> not to the color of its carapace, which is olive to black. The <a href="/wiki/Dorsoventral#Dorsal_and_ventral" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorsoventral">dorsoventrally</a> flattened body of C. mydas is covered by a large, teardrop-shaped carapace; it has a pair of large, <a href="/wiki/Paddle" title="Paddle">paddle</a>-like <a href="/wiki/Flipper_(anatomy)" title="Flipper (anatomy)">flippers</a>. It is usually lightly colored, although in the eastern Pacific populations, parts of the carapace can be almost black. Unlike other members of its family, such as the <a href="/wiki/Hawksbill_sea_turtle" title="Hawksbill sea turtle">hawksbill sea turtle</a>, C. mydas is mostly <a href="/wiki/Herbivore" title="Herbivore">herbivorous</a>. The adults usually inhabit shallow <a href="/wiki/Lagoon" title="Lagoon">lagoons</a>, feeding mostly on various species of <a href="/wiki/Seagrass" title="Seagrass">seagrasses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WildlifeofPakistan-9">[9]</a> The turtles bite off the tips of the blades of seagrass, which keeps the grass healthy. Like other sea turtles, green sea turtles <a href="/wiki/Migration_(ecology)" title="Migration (ecology)">migrate</a> long distances between feeding grounds and hatching beaches. Many islands worldwide are known as <a href="/wiki/Turtle_Island_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Turtle Island (disambiguation)">Turtle Island</a> due to green sea turtles nesting on their beaches. Females crawl out on beaches, dig nests, and lay eggs during the night. Later, hatchlings emerge, and scramble into the water. Those that reach <a href="/wiki/Sexual_maturity" title="Sexual maturity">maturity</a> may live to 90 years in the wild.<a href="#cite_note-NGeo-6">[6]</a> C. mydas is listed as <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered</a> by the <a href="/wiki/IUCN" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN">IUCN</a> and <a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">CITES</a> and is protected from exploitation in most countries.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> It is illegal to collect, harm, or kill them. In addition, many countries have laws and ordinances to protect nesting areas. However, turtles are still in danger due to human activity. In some countries, turtles and their eggs are still <a href="/wiki/Turtling_(hunting)" title="Turtling (hunting)">hunted</a> for food. <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">Pollution</a> indirectly harms turtles at both population and individual scales. Many turtles die after being <a href="/wiki/Bycatch" title="Bycatch">caught</a> in fishing nets. In addition, real estate <a href="/wiki/Urban_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban development">development</a> often causes <a href="/wiki/Habitat_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Habitat loss">habitat loss</a> by eliminating nesting beaches. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_sea_turtle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Taxonomy">edit</a>]</div> The green sea turtle is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Tribe_(biology)" title="Tribe (biology)">tribe</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheloniini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cheloniini (page does not exist)">Cheloniini</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> A 1993 study clarified the status of <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> Chelonia with respect to the other marine turtles. The <a href="/wiki/Carnivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnivorous">carnivorous</a> <a href="/wiki/Eretmochelys" class="mw-redirect" title="Eretmochelys">Eretmochelys</a> (hawksbill), <a href="/wiki/Loggerhead_sea_turtle" title="Loggerhead sea turtle">Caretta</a> (loggerhead) and <a href="/wiki/Lepidochelys" class="mw-redirect" title="Lepidochelys">Lepidochelys</a> (ridley) were assigned to the tribe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carettini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carettini (page does not exist)">Carettini</a>. <a href="/wiki/Herbivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbivorous">Herbivorous</a> Chelonia warranted their status as a <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Natator" class="mw-redirect" title="Natator">Natator</a> (flatback) was further removed from the other genera than previously believed.<a href="#cite_note-MolecularPhylogeny-12">[12]</a> The species was originally described by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a> in his landmark 1758 <a href="/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae" title="10th edition of Systema Naturae">10th edition of Systema Naturae</a> as Testudo mydas.<a href="#cite_note-ITISTM-13">[13]</a> In 1868, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Firmin_Bocourt" title="Marie Firmin Bocourt">Marie Firmin Bocourt</a> named a particular species of sea turtle Chelonia agassizii,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-ITISCA1-15">[15]</a> in honor of Swiss-American zoologist <a href="/wiki/Louis_Agassiz" title="Louis Agassiz">Louis Agassiz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> This "species" was referred to as the "black sea turtle".<a href="#cite_note-ITISCA2-17">[17]</a> Later research determined Bocourt's "black sea turtle" was not genetically distinct from C. mydas, and thus <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomically</a> not a separate species.<a href="#cite_note-BlackTurtleTaxonomy-18">[18]</a> These two "species" were then united as Chelonia mydas and populations were given subspecies status: C. mydas mydas referred to the originally described population, while <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_green_turtle" class="mw-redirect" title="Galápagos green turtle">C. mydas agassizi</a> referred only to the Pacific population known as the Galápagos green turtle.<a href="#cite_note-ITISCMA-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-ITISCMM-20">[20]</a> This subdivision was later determined to be invalid and all species members were then designated Chelonia mydas.<a href="#cite_note-ITIS-5">[5]</a> The oft-mentioned name C. agassizi remains an invalid <a href="/wiki/Junior_synonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior synonym">junior synonym</a> of C. mydas. The species' <a href="/wiki/Common_name" title="Common name">common name</a> does not derive from any particular <a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">green</a> external coloration of the turtle. Its name comes from the greenish color of the turtles' fat, which is only found in a layer between their inner organs and their shell.<a href="#cite_note-MCSgreen-21">[21]</a> As a species found worldwide, the green turtle has many local names. In the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_language" title="Hawaiian language">Hawaiian language</a> it is called honu,<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Glick2005Smithsonian-23">[23]</a> and it is locally known as a symbol of good luck and longevity.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Sea_Turtle,_Cura%C3%A7ao.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Green sea turtle swimming over the sand plateau at playa Grandi, Curaçao"><img alt="Green sea turtle swimming over the sand plateau at playa Grandi, Curaçao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Green_Sea_Turtle%2C_Cura%C3%A7ao.jpg/320px-Green_Sea_Turtle%2C_Cura%C3%A7ao.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Green_Sea_Turtle%2C_Cura%C3%A7ao.jpg/480px-Green_Sea_Turtle%2C_Cura%C3%A7ao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Green_Sea_Turtle%2C_Cura%C3%A7ao.jpg/640px-Green_Sea_Turtle%2C_Cura%C3%A7ao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Green sea turtle swimming over the sand plateau at playa Grandi, <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Female_Green_Sea_Turtle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Female returning to the sea after nesting in Redang Island, Malaysia"><img alt="Female returning to the sea after nesting in Redang Island, Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Female_Green_Sea_Turtle.jpg/320px-Female_Green_Sea_Turtle.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Female_Green_Sea_Turtle.jpg/480px-Female_Green_Sea_Turtle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Female_Green_Sea_Turtle.jpg/640px-Female_Green_Sea_Turtle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Female returning to the sea after nesting in <a href="/wiki/Redang_Island" title="Redang Island">Redang Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 173.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 171.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_Honu-Kahala.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Immature Hawaiian C. mydas"><img alt="Photo of two swimming turtles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Young_Honu-Kahala.png/257px-Young_Honu-Kahala.png" decoding="async" width="172" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Young_Honu-Kahala.png/386px-Young_Honu-Kahala.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Young_Honu-Kahala.png/514px-Young_Honu-Kahala.png 2x" data-file-width="1068" data-file-height="997" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Immature <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaiian</a> C. mydas</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 246px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 244px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Karettschildkroete_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Swimming in a Mexican coral reef"><img alt="Photo of swimming turtle at twilight" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Karettschildkroete_01.jpg/366px-Karettschildkroete_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="244" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Karettschildkroete_01.jpg/549px-Karettschildkroete_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Karettschildkroete_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="459" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Swimming in a <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexican</a> coral reef</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Sea_Turtles,_Chelonia_mydas_is_getting_back_to_the_ocean_leaving_a_track.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Heading for the ocean on a beach at the Pu'uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park"><img alt="Photo of turtle walking on beach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Green_Sea_Turtles%2C_Chelonia_mydas_is_getting_back_to_the_ocean_leaving_a_track.jpg/360px-Green_Sea_Turtles%2C_Chelonia_mydas_is_getting_back_to_the_ocean_leaving_a_track.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Green_Sea_Turtles%2C_Chelonia_mydas_is_getting_back_to_the_ocean_leaving_a_track.jpg/540px-Green_Sea_Turtles%2C_Chelonia_mydas_is_getting_back_to_the_ocean_leaving_a_track.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Green_Sea_Turtles%2C_Chelonia_mydas_is_getting_back_to_the_ocean_leaving_a_track.jpg/720px-Green_Sea_Turtles%2C_Chelonia_mydas_is_getting_back_to_the_ocean_leaving_a_track.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1400" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Heading for the ocean on a beach at the <a href="/wiki/Pu%27uhonua_o_Honaunau_National_Historical_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Pu'uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park">Pu'uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_sea_turtle_near_Marsa_Alam.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Green sea turtle near Marsa Alam, Egypt"><img alt="Green sea turtle near Marsa Alam, Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Green_sea_turtle_near_Marsa_Alam.JPG/320px-Green_sea_turtle_near_Marsa_Alam.JPG" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Green_sea_turtle_near_Marsa_Alam.JPG/480px-Green_sea_turtle_near_Marsa_Alam.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Green_sea_turtle_near_Marsa_Alam.JPG/640px-Green_sea_turtle_near_Marsa_Alam.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3754" data-file-height="2816" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Green sea turtle near <a href="/wiki/Marsa_Alam" title="Marsa Alam">Marsa Alam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_sea_turtle_portrait.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Green sea turtle near Marsa Alam, Egypt"><img alt="Green sea turtle near Marsa Alam, Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Green_sea_turtle_portrait.JPG/180px-Green_sea_turtle_portrait.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Green_sea_turtle_portrait.JPG/270px-Green_sea_turtle_portrait.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Green_sea_turtle_portrait.JPG/360px-Green_sea_turtle_portrait.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1730" data-file-height="2307" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Green sea turtle near <a href="/wiki/Marsa_Alam" title="Marsa Alam">Marsa Alam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Total_internal_reflection_of_Chelonia_mydas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Green sea turtle"><img alt="Green sea turtle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Total_internal_reflection_of_Chelonia_mydas.jpg/320px-Total_internal_reflection_of_Chelonia_mydas.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Total_internal_reflection_of_Chelonia_mydas.jpg/480px-Total_internal_reflection_of_Chelonia_mydas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Total_internal_reflection_of_Chelonia_mydas.jpg/640px-Total_internal_reflection_of_Chelonia_mydas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Green sea turtle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 219.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Turtle_taking_a_breath.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coming up for a breath"><img alt="Coming up for a breath" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Green_Turtle_taking_a_breath.jpg/326px-Green_Turtle_taking_a_breath.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Green_Turtle_taking_a_breath.jpg/489px-Green_Turtle_taking_a_breath.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Green_Turtle_taking_a_breath.jpg/652px-Green_Turtle_taking_a_breath.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2096" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coming up for a breath</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 236px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 234px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Sea_Turtle,_Maui.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A green sea turtle at Key West, US"><img alt="A green sea turtle at Key West, US" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Green_Sea_Turtle%2C_Maui.jpg/351px-Green_Sea_Turtle%2C_Maui.jpg" decoding="async" width="234" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Green_Sea_Turtle%2C_Maui.jpg/526px-Green_Sea_Turtle%2C_Maui.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Green_Sea_Turtle%2C_Maui.jpg/701px-Green_Sea_Turtle%2C_Maui.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2088" data-file-height="1430" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A green sea turtle at <a href="/wiki/Key_West" title="Key West">Key West</a>, US</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_sea_turtle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chelonia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Drawing of turtle carapace and plastron showing respectively, vertebral, costal, marginal, and supracaudal and intergular, gular, pectoral, abdominal, humeral, femoral, anal, axillary (anterior inframarginal), and inguinal (posterior inframarginal) shields" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Chelonia.svg/220px-Chelonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Chelonia.svg/330px-Chelonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Chelonia.svg/440px-Chelonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Escalation of <a href="/wiki/Carapace" title="Carapace">carapace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plastron" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastron">plastron</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taxidermy_of_turtle_shell_(Chelonia_mydas).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Taxidermy_of_turtle_shell_%28Chelonia_mydas%29.jpg/220px-Taxidermy_of_turtle_shell_%28Chelonia_mydas%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Taxidermy_of_turtle_shell_%28Chelonia_mydas%29.jpg/330px-Taxidermy_of_turtle_shell_%28Chelonia_mydas%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Taxidermy_of_turtle_shell_%28Chelonia_mydas%29.jpg/440px-Taxidermy_of_turtle_shell_%28Chelonia_mydas%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Taxidermied shell of Chelonia mydas</figcaption></figure> Its appearance is that of a typical <a href="/wiki/Sea_turtle" title="Sea turtle">sea turtle</a>. C. mydas has a dorsoventrally flattened body, a beaked head at the end of a short neck, and paddle-like arms well-adapted for swimming.<a href="#cite_note-FWS-25">[25]</a> Adult green turtles grow to 1.5 metres (5 ft) long.<a href="#cite_note-Animal-26">[26]</a> The average weight of mature individuals is 68–190 kg (150–419 lb) and the average carapace length is 78–112 cm (31–44 in).<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> They are considered the second largest sea turtle in the United States, after the leatherback sea turtle.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Exceptional specimens can weigh 315 kg (694 lb) or even more, with the largest known C. mydas having weighed 395 kg (871 lb) and measured 153 cm (60 in) in carapace length.<a href="#cite_note-CCC-29">[29]</a> Anatomically, a few characteristics distinguish the green turtle from the other members of its family. Unlike its close relative the <a href="/wiki/Hawksbill_turtle" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawksbill turtle">hawksbill turtle</a>, the green turtle's snout is very short and its <a href="/wiki/Beak" title="Beak">beak</a> is unhooked. The neck cannot be pulled into the shell.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The sheath of the turtle's upper jaw possesses a denticulated edge, while its lower jaw has stronger, serrated, more defined denticulation. The dorsal surface of the turtle's head has a single pair of prefrontal scales. Its carapace is composed of five central <a href="/wiki/Scute" title="Scute">scutes</a> flanked by four pairs of lateral scutes. Underneath, the green turtle has four pairs of inframarginal scutes covering the area between the turtle's <a href="/wiki/Plastron" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastron">plastron</a> and its shell. Mature C. mydas front appendages have only a single claw (as opposed to the hawksbill two), although a second claw is sometimes prominent in young specimens.<a href="#cite_note-MarBioCmydas-31">[31]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Carapace" title="Carapace">carapace</a> of the turtle has various color patterns that change over time. Hatchlings of Chelonia mydas, like those of other marine turtles, have mostly black carapaces and light-colored plastrons. Carapaces of juveniles turn dark brown to olive, while those of mature adults are either entirely brown, spotted or marbled with variegated rays. Underneath, the turtle's plastron is hued yellow. C. mydas limbs are dark-colored and lined with yellow, and are usually marked with a large dark brown spot in the center of each appendage.<a href="#cite_note-NGeo-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-FaunaBritIndia-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_sea_turtle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Distribution">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_turtle_nesting_sites.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Green_turtle_nesting_sites.svg/220px-Green_turtle_nesting_sites.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Green_turtle_nesting_sites.svg/330px-Green_turtle_nesting_sites.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Green_turtle_nesting_sites.svg/440px-Green_turtle_nesting_sites.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="2234" /></a><figcaption>Green sea turtle nesting populations (contradicted in article)</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Range_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Range (biology)">range</a> of the green sea turtle extends throughout <a href="/wiki/Tropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical">tropical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical">subtropical</a> oceans worldwide. The two major <a href="/wiki/Subpopulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Subpopulation">subpopulations</a> are the Atlantic and the eastern Pacific subpopulations. Each population is genetically distinct, with its own set of nesting and feeding grounds within the population's known range.<a href="#cite_note-NGeo-6">[6]</a> One of the genetic differences between the two subpopulations is the type of mitochondrial DNA found in individual's cells. Individuals from rookeries in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea have a similar type of mitochondrial DNA, and individuals from the Pacific and Indian Oceans have another type of mitochondrial DNA.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Their native range includes tropical to subtropical waters along continental coasts and islands between 30°N and 30°S. Since green sea turtles are a migrating species, their global distribution spans into the open ocean. The differences in mitochondrial DNA more than likely stems from the populations being isolated from each other by the southern tips of both South America and Africa with no warm waters for the green sea turtles to migrate through. The green sea turtle is estimated to inhabit coastal areas of more than 140 countries, with nesting sites in over 80 countries worldwide throughout the year. In the United States Atlantic coast, green sea turtles can be found from Texas and north to Massachusetts. In the United States Pacific coast, they have been found from southern California north to the southernmost tip of Alaska. The largest populations of green sea turtles within the United States coastline are in the Hawaiian Islands and <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>. Globally, the largest populations of sea turtles are in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef" title="Great Barrier Reef">Great Barrier Reef</a> in Australia, and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atlantic_subpopulation">Atlantic subpopulation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_sea_turtle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Atlantic subpopulation">edit</a>]</div> The green sea turtle can generally be found throughout the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>. Although the species is most abundant in tropical climates, green sea turtles can also be found in <a href="/wiki/Temperate_climate" title="Temperate climate">temperate climates</a>, and individuals have been spotted as far north as <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> in the western Atlantic, and the <a href="/wiki/Jutland" title="Jutland">Cimbrian peninsular</a> in the east. The subpopulation's southern range is known until past the southern tip of Africa in the east and <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> in the western Atlantic. The major nesting sites can be found on various islands in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>, along the Atlantic coast of <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> in the United States, the eastern coast of the <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South American continent</a> and most notably, on isolated <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic">North Atlantic</a> islands. In the Caribbean, major nesting sites have been identified on <a href="/wiki/Aves_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Aves Island">Aves Island</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>. In recent years, there are signs of increased nesting in the Cayman Islands.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> One of the region's most important nesting grounds is in <a href="/wiki/Tortuguero_Conservation_Area" title="Tortuguero Conservation Area">Tortuguero</a> in Costa Rica.<a href="#cite_note-Bjorndal1999CostaRica-36">[36]</a> In fact, the majority of the Caribbean region's C. mydas population hails from a few beaches in Tortuguero.<a href="#cite_note-Lahanas1998-37">[37]</a> Within United States waters, minor nesting sites have been noted in the states of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>. <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>'s east coast is the largest nesting site in the United States. <a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_Island,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutchinson Island, Florida">Hutchinson Island</a> in particular is a major nesting area in Florida waters. Florida has several annual nesting periods when local beaches are closed or cordoned off to protect nesting sites. According to Green Sea Turtle Watch, in 2015 more than 37,000 green sea turtle nests were documented in Florida, a record number. In addition to sporadic distribution of nesting sites, feeding grounds are much more widely distributed throughout <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>. Important feeding grounds in <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> include <a href="/wiki/Indian_River_Lagoon" title="Indian River Lagoon">Indian River Lagoon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Keys" title="Florida Keys">Florida Keys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida_Bay" title="Florida Bay">Florida Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Homosassa" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosassa">Homosassa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crystal_River_(Florida)" title="Crystal River (Florida)">Crystal River</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cedar_Key" class="mw-redirect" title="Cedar Key">Cedar Key</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FWS-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Audubon1897-38">[38]</a> Notable locations in South America include secluded beaches in <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Girondot1996-39">[39]</a> In the Southern Atlantic Ocean, the most notable nesting grounds for Chelonia mydas are found on the island of <a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FWS-25">[25]</a> hosts 6,000–13,000 turtle nests.<a href="#cite_note-Seminoff2002IUCN-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Godley2001-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Broderick2001-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indo-Pacific_subpopulation">Indo-Pacific subpopulation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_sea_turtle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Indo-Pacific subpopulation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chelonia_mydas_is_going_for_the_air_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of turtle swimming towards surface with diver in background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Chelonia_mydas_is_going_for_the_air_edit.jpg/220px-Chelonia_mydas_is_going_for_the_air_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Chelonia_mydas_is_going_for_the_air_edit.jpg/330px-Chelonia_mydas_is_going_for_the_air_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Chelonia_mydas_is_going_for_the_air_edit.jpg/440px-Chelonia_mydas_is_going_for_the_air_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption>About to break the surface for air at <a href="/wiki/Kona_District,_Hawaii" title="Kona District, Hawaii">Kona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></figcaption></figure> In the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific</a>, its range reaches as far north as the southern coast of <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> and as far south as <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> in the east. The turtle's distribution in the western Pacific reaches north to <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> and southern parts of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>'s Pacific coast, and as far south as the northern tip of <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> and a few islands south of <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>. Significant nesting grounds are scattered throughout the entire Pacific region, including <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Hawaiian Islands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">South Pacific</a>, the northern coast of <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. Major Indian Ocean nesting colonies include <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> and other coastal countries.<a href="#cite_note-CCCDistMap-43">[43]</a> The turtles can also be found throughout the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>; the east coast of the <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">African continent</a> hosts a few nesting grounds, including islands in the waters around <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CCCDistMap-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Specific_nesting_grounds">Specific nesting grounds</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_sea_turtle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Specific nesting grounds">edit</a>]</div> Nesting grounds are found all along the Mexican coast. These turtles feed in seagrass pastures in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_California" title="Gulf of California">Gulf of California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Seminoff2002-44">[44]</a> Green turtles belonging to the distinct Hawaiian subpopulation nest at the protected <a href="/wiki/French_Frigate_Shoals" title="French Frigate Shoals">French Frigate Shoals</a> some 800 kilometers (500 mi) west of the Hawaiian Islands.<a href="#cite_note-Glick2005Smithsonian-23">[23]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, green turtles nest in the <a href="/wiki/Turtle_Islands,_Tawi-Tawi" title="Turtle Islands, Tawi-Tawi">Turtle Islands</a> along with closely related <a href="/wiki/Hawksbill_turtle" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawksbill turtle">hawksbill turtles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OneOcean-45">[45]</a> In December 2007, fishermen using a hulbot-hulbot (a type of <a href="/wiki/Fish_net" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish net">fish net</a>) accidentally caught an 80 kg (180 lb), 93 cm (37 in) long and 82 cm (32 in) wide turtle off Barangay Bolong, <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. December is breeding season near the Bolong beach.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> An annual presence is recorded in the Gulf of Panama, on the Isla Parida island. Local activists also moving some turtle nests to the coast, in the vicinity of the small town of Malena, to save and increase the turtle population in the safe place. <a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> has a few nesting beaches, one in the <a href="/wiki/Meru_Betiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Meru Betiri">Meru Betiri</a> National Reserve in <a href="/wiki/East_Java" title="East Java">East Java</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WWFIndonesianCon-48">[48]</a> Off the north-eastern and northern coasts of Australia, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef" title="Great Barrier Reef">Great Barrier Reef</a> has two <a href="/wiki/Population_genetics" title="Population genetics">genetically distinct populations</a>; one north and one south. Within the reef, 20 separate locations consisting of small islands and <a href="/wiki/Cays" class="mw-redirect" title="Cays">cays</a> were identified as nesting sites for either population of C. mydas. Of these, the most important is on <a href="/wiki/Raine_Island" title="Raine Island">Raine Island</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dobbs2007-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tucker2001-50">[50]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait" title="Torres Strait">Torres Strait</a> there is a large rookery on <a href="/wiki/Bramble_Cay" title="Bramble Cay">Bramble Cay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dawe-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ellison-52">[52]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea" title="Coral Sea">Coral Sea</a> has nesting areas of world significance.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Major nesting sites are common on either side of the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>, both in <a href="/wiki/Ash_Sharqiyah_Region_(Oman)" title="Ash Sharqiyah Region (Oman)">Ash Sharqiyah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, and along the coast of <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>. Some specific beaches there, such as <a href="/wiki/Hawke%27s_Bay_(Karachi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawke's Bay (Karachi)">Hawke's Bay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandspit_Beach" title="Sandspit Beach">Sandspit</a>, are common to both C. mydas and <a href="/wiki/Olive_ridley_sea_turtle" title="Olive ridley sea turtle">L. olivacea</a> subpopulation. Sandy beaches along <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balochistan_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balochistan (Pakistan)">Balochistan</a> are nesting sites. Some 25 kilometers (16 mi) off the <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Pakistan" title="Geography of Pakistan">Pakistani coast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astola" class="mw-redirect" title="Astola">Astola island</a> is another nesting beach.<a href="#cite_note-WildlifeofPakistan-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Butler1977-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-MTNGroombridge-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Galápagos_green_turtle">Galápagos green turtle</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_sea_turtle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Galápagos green turtle">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Sea_Turtle_Swimming_in_the_Gal%C3%A1pagos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Green_Sea_Turtle_Swimming_in_the_Gal%C3%A1pagos.jpg/220px-Green_Sea_Turtle_Swimming_in_the_Gal%C3%A1pagos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Green_Sea_Turtle_Swimming_in_the_Gal%C3%A1pagos.jpg/330px-Green_Sea_Turtle_Swimming_in_the_Gal%C3%A1pagos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Green_Sea_Turtle_Swimming_in_the_Gal%C3%A1pagos.jpg/440px-Green_Sea_Turtle_Swimming_in_the_Gal%C3%A1pagos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Green Sea Turtle Swimming in the Galápagos</figcaption></figure> The population that has often been known as the Galápagos green turtle have been recorded and observed in the Galápagos as far back as the 17th century by <a href="/wiki/William_Dampier" title="William Dampier">William Dampier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-green_1993-56">[56]</a> Not much attention has been paid to them due to the overwhelming research done on the <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_giant_tortoise" class="mw-redirect" title="Galápagos giant tortoise">Galápagos giant tortoises</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pritchard_1971-57">[57]</a> Only over the last 30 years have extensive studies been performed covering the behaviors of the Galápagos green turtles. Much of the debate that has surrounded them recently is over the binomial classification of the species.<a href="#cite_note-parham_1996-58">[58]</a> At one point the name Chelonia agassizii was applied to this population as a separate species.<a href="#cite_note-BlackTurtleTaxonomy-18">[18]</a> Analysis of <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA" title="Mitochondrial DNA">mitochondrial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_DNA" title="Nuclear DNA">nuclear DNA</a> of 15 nesting beaches,<a href="#cite_note-parham_1996-58">[58]</a> however, has demonstrated that there is not only no significant distinction of this population but that it would be paraphyletic to recognise it. As such the species name Chelonia agassizzii is considered a junior synonym of Chelonia mydas <a href="#cite_note-parham_1996-58">[58]</a> as such it is considered as a local variant of the populations of the East Pacific waters and those of other nesting areas.<a href="#cite_note-parham_1996-58">[58]</a> The morphological distinctiveness of the Galápagos green turtle has given rise to the debate,<a href="#cite_note-BlackTurtleTaxonomy-18">[18]</a> but evidence of taxonomic distinctiveness is best served using the combination of multiple datasets. The two most notable morphological distinctions are the considerably smaller adult size and the much darker pigmentation of the carapace, plastron, and extremities.<a href="#cite_note-BlackTurtleTaxonomy-18">[18]</a> Other distinctions are the curving of the carapace above each hind flipper, the more dome-shaped carapace, and the very long tail of adult males.<a href="#cite_note-pritchard_1999-59">[59]</a> Three possibilities have arisen from their unique characteristics: agassizii is a separate species from C. mydas, it is a subspecies of green sea turtle, or it is simply a color mutation.<a href="#cite_note-pritchard_1999-59">[59]</a> These facts have led to the debate over binomial separation however due to the significance of the DNA testing results there have been no distinctions made at this time.<a href="#cite_note-parham_1996-58">[58]</a> At a meeting for sea turtle scientists and their collaborators in 2000, the evidence for the taxonomic position of the Galápagos green turtle was reviewed and a majority among the participants supported treating it as a population or subspecies of the green turtle (instead of a separate species).<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> However, this is possibly a case of political taxonomy. As such the three major international checklists that cover turtles of the world <a href="/wiki/Reptile_Database" title="Reptile Database">Reptile Database</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> the checklist of Fritz and Havas (2007)<a href="#cite_note-Fritz_2007-3">[3]</a> and the IUCN Checklist (TTWG 2017)<a href="#cite_note-Rhodin2017-62">[62]</a> all consider this a junior synonym. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Habitat">Habitat</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_sea_turtle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Habitat">edit</a>]</div> Green sea turtles move across three <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a> types, depending on their <a href="/wiki/Biological_life_cycle" title="Biological life cycle">life stage</a>. They lay eggs on beaches. Mature turtles spend most of their time in shallow, coastal waters with lush seagrass beds. Adults frequent inshore bays, lagoons, and shoals with lush <a href="/wiki/Seagrass_meadow" title="Seagrass meadow">seagrass meadows</a>. Entire generations often migrate between one pair of feeding and nesting areas.<a href="#cite_note-FWS-25">[25]</a> Green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, are classified as an aquatic species and are distributed around the globe in warm tropical to subtropical waters. The environmental parameter that limits the distribution of the turtles is ocean temperatures below 7 to 10 degrees Celsius.<a href="#cite_note-:3-63">[63]</a> Within their geographical range, the green sea turtles generally stay near continental and island coastlines. Near the coastlines, the green sea turtles live within shallow bays and protected shores. In these protected shores and bays, the green sea turtle habitats include coral reefs, salt marshes, and nearshore seagrass beds. The coral reefs provide red, brown, and green algae for their diet and give protection from predators and rough storms within the ocean. The salt marshes and seagrass beds contain seaweed and grass vegetation, allowing ample habitat for the sea turtles.<a href="#cite_note-:2-34">[34]</a> Turtles spend most of their first five years in convergence zones within the bare open ocean that surround them.<a href="#cite_note-WildlifeofPakistan-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-NOAAGT-64">[64]</a> These young turtles are rarely seen as they swim in deep, <a href="/wiki/Pelagic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelagic">pelagic</a> waters.<a href="#cite_note-Reich2007-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-LS20070918-66">[66]</a> Green sea turtles typically swim at 2.5–3 km/h (1.6–1.9 mph).<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology_and_behavior">Ecology and behavior</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_sea_turtle&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ecology and behavior">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_turtle_in_Kona_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Turtle swimming toward surface" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Green_turtle_in_Kona_2008.jpg/220px-Green_turtle_in_Kona_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Green_turtle_in_Kona_2008.jpg/330px-Green_turtle_in_Kona_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Green_turtle_in_Kona_2008.jpg/440px-Green_turtle_in_Kona_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1608" /></a><figcaption>Swimming, Hawaii</figcaption></figure> As one of the first sea turtle species studied, much of what is known of sea turtle ecology comes from studies of green turtles. The ecology of C. mydas changes drastically with each stage of its life history. Newly emerged hatchlings are <a href="/wiki/Carnivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnivorous">carnivorous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pelagic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelagic">pelagic</a> organisms, part of the open ocean mini<a href="/wiki/Nekton" title="Nekton">nekton</a>. In contrast, immature juveniles and adults are commonly found in <a href="/wiki/Seagrass" title="Seagrass">seagrass</a> meadows closer inshore as <a href="/wiki/Herbivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbivorous">herbivorous</a> grazers. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diet">Diet</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_sea_turtle&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Diet">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_Sea_Turtle_grazing_seagrass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Green_Sea_Turtle_grazing_seagrass.jpg/220px-Green_Sea_Turtle_grazing_seagrass.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Green_Sea_Turtle_grazing_seagrass.jpg/330px-Green_Sea_Turtle_grazing_seagrass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Green_Sea_Turtle_grazing_seagrass.jpg/440px-Green_Sea_Turtle_grazing_seagrass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3367" data-file-height="2525" /></a><figcaption>Green sea turtle grazing on seagrass</figcaption></figure> The diet of green turtles changes with age.<a href="#cite_note-:1-68">[68]</a> Juveniles are carnivorous, but as they mature they become omnivorous.<a href="#cite_note-:5-69">[69]</a> Young sea turtles eat <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a> and their <a href="/wiki/Egg" title="Egg">eggs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aplysia" title="Aplysia">sea hare</a> eggs, <a href="/wiki/Hydrozoan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrozoan">hydrozoans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bryozoan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bryozoan">bryozoans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molluscs" class="mw-redirect" title="Molluscs">molluscs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jellyfish" title="Jellyfish">jellyfish</a>, small <a href="/wiki/Invertebrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Invertebrates">invertebrates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Echinoderm" title="Echinoderm">echinoderms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunicate" title="Tunicate">tunicates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">insects</a>, <a href="/wiki/Worm" title="Worm">worms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sponge" title="Sponge">sponges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seagrass" title="Seagrass">sea grasses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaves">leaves</a>, tree <a href="/wiki/Bark_(botany)" title="Bark (botany)">bark</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">crustaceans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Green sea turtles have a relatively slow growth rate because of the low nutritional value of their diet. <a href="/wiki/Body_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Body fat">Body fat</a> turns green because of the consumed <a href="/wiki/Vegetation" title="Vegetation">vegetation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-69">[69]</a> This diet shift has an effect on the green turtle's skull morphology.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Their serrated jaw helps them chew green and red algae (such as filamentous red alga (<a href="/wiki/Bostrychia_(alga)" title="Bostrychia (alga)">Bostrychia</a>), red moss (Caloglossa), freshwater red algae (<a href="/wiki/Compsopogon" title="Compsopogon">Compsopogon</a>), lobster horns (<a href="/wiki/Polysiphonia" title="Polysiphonia">Polysiphonia</a>), sea lettuce (<a href="/wiki/Ulva_lactuca" title="Ulva lactuca">Ulva lactuca</a>), green seaweed (<a href="/wiki/Gayralia" title="Gayralia">Gayralia</a>), and crinkle grass (<a href="/wiki/Rhizoclonium" title="Rhizoclonium">Rhizoclonium</a>)) and sea grasses.<a href="#cite_note-auto-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> They also consume large quantities of wetland plants such as <a href="/wiki/Avicennia" title="Avicennia">Avicennia</a> schaueriana and <a href="/wiki/Sporobolus_alterniflorus" title="Sporobolus alterniflorus">Sporobolus alterniflorus</a>, which are commonly found in salt marshes.<a href="#cite_note-auto-71">[71]</a> Most adult sea turtles are strictly herbivorous.<a href="#cite_note-:5-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Predators_and_parasites">Predators and parasites</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_sea_turtle&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Predators and parasites">edit</a>]</div> Only some human beings and the larger <a href="/wiki/Shark" title="Shark">sharks</a> feed on C. mydas adults. Specifically, <a href="/wiki/Tiger_shark" title="Tiger shark">tiger sharks</a> (Galeocerdo cuvier) hunt adults in Hawaiian waters.<a href="#cite_note-MWANWR-75">[75]</a> The tiger shark is the main predator of the green turtle as it will prey on green turtles of all sizes. The tiger shark has often been seen feeding on green turtles near their nesting beaches because they are restricted in the area of their nesting beaches and vulnerable to predation.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Juveniles and new hatchlings have significantly more predators, including <a href="/wiki/Crab" title="Crab">crabs</a>, small <a href="/wiki/Marine_mammal" title="Marine mammal">marine mammals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shorebird" class="mw-redirect" title="Shorebird">shorebirds</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NGeo-6">[6]</a> Additionally, their eggs are vulnerable to predation by scavengers like <a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">red foxes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Golden_jackal" title="Golden jackal">golden jackals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Green sea turtles have a variety of parasites including <a href="/wiki/Barnacle" title="Barnacle">barnacles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leech" title="Leech">leeches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa">protozoans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cestoda" title="Cestoda">cestodes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nematode" title="Nematode">nematodes</a>. Barnacles attach to the carapace, and leeches to the flippers and skin of the turtles, causing damage to the soft tissues and leading to blood loss. Protozoans, cestodes and nematodes lead to many turtle deaths because of the infections in the liver and intestinal tract they cause. The greatest disease threat to the turtle population is <a href="/wiki/Turtle_fibropapillomatosis" title="Turtle fibropapillomatosis">fibropapilloma</a>, which produces lethal tumor growth on scales, lungs, stomach, and kidneys. Fibropapilloma is caused by a herpesvirus that is transmitted by leeches such as <a href="/wiki/Ozobranchus_branchiatus" title="Ozobranchus branchiatus">Ozobranchus branchiatus</a>, a species of leech which feeds almost entirely on green sea turtles.<a href="#cite_note-:3-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-McGowin-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life_cycle">Life cycle</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_sea_turtle&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Life cycle">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baby_Chelonia_mydas_20060319.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of newly hatched turtle held in human hand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Baby_Chelonia_mydas_20060319.jpg/220px-Baby_Chelonia_mydas_20060319.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Baby_Chelonia_mydas_20060319.jpg/330px-Baby_Chelonia_mydas_20060319.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Baby_Chelonia_mydas_20060319.jpg/440px-Baby_Chelonia_mydas_20060319.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1493" data-file-height="1163" /></a><figcaption>Hatchling</figcaption></figure> Green sea turtles migrate long distances between feeding sites and nesting sites; some swim more than 2,600 kilometres (1,600 mi) to reach their spawning grounds. Beaches in Southeast Asia, India, islands in the western Pacific, and Central America are where green sea turtles breed.<a href="#cite_note-:4-7">[7]</a> Mature turtles often return to the exact beach from which they hatched. Females usually mate every two to four years. Males, on the other hand, visit the breeding areas every year, attempting to mate.<a href="#cite_note-AuThreatenedSpecies-79">[79]</a> Mating seasons vary between populations. For most C. mydas in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>, mating season is from June to September.<a href="#cite_note-FWS-25">[25]</a> The <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> nesting subpopulation nests from March to June.<a href="#cite_note-Girondot1996-39">[39]</a> In the tropics, green turtles nest throughout the year, although some subpopulations prefer particular times of the year. In <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> turtles nest year-round, but prefer the months of July to December.<a href="#cite_note-Butler1977-54">[54]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_turtle_nesting_tracks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Returning tracks from a female green sea turtle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Green_turtle_nesting_tracks.jpg/220px-Green_turtle_nesting_tracks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Green_turtle_nesting_tracks.jpg/330px-Green_turtle_nesting_tracks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Green_turtle_nesting_tracks.jpg/440px-Green_turtle_nesting_tracks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4176" data-file-height="5568" /></a><figcaption>Returning tracks from a female green sea turtle that had nested on <a href="/wiki/Ilha_do_Fogo,_Mozambique" title="Ilha do Fogo, Mozambique">Ilha do Fogo, Mozambique</a></figcaption></figure> Sea turtles return to the beaches on which they were born to lay their own eggs. The reason for returning to native beaches may be that it guarantees the turtles an environment that has the necessary components for their nesting to be successful. These include a sandy beach, easy access for the hatchlings to get to the ocean, the right incubation temperatures, and low probability of predators that may feed on their eggs. Over time these turtles have evolved these tendencies to return to an area that has provided reproductive success for many generations. Their ability to return to their birthplace is known as <a href="/wiki/Natal_homing" title="Natal homing">natal homing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wynekey,_J._2013._Pp_59-70-80">[80]</a> The males also return to their birthplaces in order to mate. These males that return to their homes know they will be able to find mates because the females born there also return to breed. By doing this, the green sea turtles are able to improve their reproductive success and is why they are willing to expend the energy to travel thousands of miles across the ocean in order to reproduce. Mating behaviour is similar to other marine turtles. Female turtles control the process. A few populations practice <a href="/wiki/Polyandry_in_animals" title="Polyandry in animals">polyandry</a>, although this does not seem to benefit hatchlings.<a href="#cite_note-Lee2004-81">[81]</a> After mating in the water, the female moves above the beach's high tide line, where she digs a hole 28–56 centimetres (11–22 in) in depth with her hind flippers and deposits her eggs. The hole is then covered up again.<a href="#cite_note-:6-82">[82]</a> Clutch size ranges between 85 and 200, depending on the age of the female. This process takes about an hour to an hour and a half. After the nest is completely covered, she returns to the sea. The female will do this 3 to 5 times in one season.<a href="#cite_note-:4-7">[7]</a> The eggs are round and white, and about 45 mm (1.8 in) in diameter. The hatchlings remain buried for days until they all emerge together at night.<a href="#cite_note-:6-82">[82]</a> The temperature of the nest <a href="/wiki/Temperature-dependent_sex_determination" title="Temperature-dependent sex determination">determines the sex</a> of the turtles at around the 20–40 day mark. Green Sea Turtles are type 1a, meaning males develop at cooler temperatures while females are produced under hot temperatures.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> At around 50 to 70 days,<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> the eggs hatch during the night, and the hatchlings <a href="/wiki/Instinct" title="Instinct">instinctively</a> head directly into the water. This is the most dangerous time in a turtle's life. As they walk, predators, such as <a href="/wiki/Gull" title="Gull">gulls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crab" title="Crab">crabs</a>, feed on them. A significant percentage never make it to the ocean. Little is known of the initial life history of newly hatched sea turtles.<a href="#cite_note-FWS-25">[25]</a> Juveniles spend three to five years in the open ocean before they settle as still-immature juveniles into their permanent shallow-water lifestyle.<a href="#cite_note-Reich2007-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-LS20070918-66">[66]</a> It is speculated that they take twenty to fifty years to reach <a href="/wiki/Sexual_maturity" title="Sexual maturity">sexual maturity</a>. Individuals live up to eighty years in the wild.<a href="#cite_note-NGeo-6">[6]</a> It is estimated that only 1% of hatchlings reach sexual maturity. Each year on <a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="South Atlantic">South Atlantic</a>, C. mydas females create 6,000 to 25,000 nests. They are among the largest green turtles in the world; many are more than 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) in length and weigh up to 300 kilograms (660 lb).<a href="#cite_note-AscensionGT-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breathing_and_sleep">Breathing and sleep</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_sea_turtle&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Breathing and sleep">edit</a>]</div> Sea turtles spend almost all their lives submerged, but must breathe air for the oxygen needed to meet the demands of vigorous activity. With a single explosive exhalation and rapid inhalation, sea turtles can quickly replace the air in their lungs. The lungs permit a rapid exchange of oxygen and prevent gases from being trapped during deep dives. Sea turtle blood can deliver oxygen efficiently to body tissues even at the pressures encountered during diving. During routine activity, green and loggerhead turtles dive for about four to five minutes, and surface to breathe for one to three seconds. Turtles can rest or sleep underwater for several hours at a time, but submergence time is much shorter while diving for food or to escape predators. Breath-holding ability is affected by activity and stress, which is why turtles quickly drown in <a href="/wiki/Shrimp" title="Shrimp">shrimp</a> trawlers and other fishing gear.<a href="#cite_note-MarBioCmydas-31">[31]</a> During the night while sleeping and to protect themselves from potential predators, the adults wedge themselves under rocks below the surface and under ledges in reefs and coastal rocks. Many green sea turtles have been observed in returning to the same sleeping location night after night.<a href="#cite_note-:2-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physiology_and_sensory_modalities">Physiology and sensory modalities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_sea_turtle&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Physiology and sensory modalities">edit</a>]</div> Green sea turtles tend to have good vision, well adapted to a life at sea. The turtles can see many colors, but are most sensitive to light from violet to yellow or wavelengths of 400 to 600 nanometers. They do not see many colors in the orange to red portion of the light spectrum. On land, however, the sea turtles are nearsighted because the lenses in the eyes are spherical and adjusted to refraction underwater.<a href="#cite_note-:2-34">[34]</a> Sea turtles have no external ear and only one ear bone, called the columella. With one ear bone, the turtles can hear only low frequency sounds, from 200 to 700 Hz. Sounds can also be detected through vibrations of the head, backbone, and shell. The nose of the turtle has two external openings and connects to the roof of the mouth through internal openings. The lower surface of the nasal passage has two sets of sensory cells called the Jacobson's organ. The turtle can use this organ to smell by pumping water in and out of its nose.<a href="#cite_note-:3-63">[63]</a> Since green sea turtles migrate long distances during breeding seasons, they have special adaptive systems in order to navigate. In the open ocean, the turtles navigate using wave directions, sun light, and temperatures. The sea turtles also contain an internal magnetic compass. They can detect magnetic information by using magnetic forces acting on the magnetic crystals in their brains. Through these crystals, they can sense the intensity of Earth's magnetic field and are able to make their way back to their nesting grounds or preferred feeding grounds.<a href="#cite_note-:3-63">[63]</a> <a href="/wiki/Natal_homing" title="Natal homing">Natal homing</a> is an animal's ability to return to its birthplace in order to reproduce. Natal homing is found in all species of sea turtles and in other animals such as salmon. How these turtles are able to return to their birthplace is an interesting phenomenon. Many researchers believe that sea turtles use a process called imprinting, which is a special type of learning that occurs when turtles first hatch that allows them to recognize their native beach. There are two types of imprinting that are thought to be the reason turtles can find these beaches. The first is the chemical imprinting hypothesis. This hypothesis states that much like salmon, sea turtles are able to use olfactory cues and senses to smell their way home. However, a problem with this hypothesis is that some turtles travel thousands of miles to return to their native beaches, and the scents from that area are not likely to travel and be distinguishable from that distance. The second hypothesis is the geomagnetic. This hypothesis states that as it hatches, a young turtle will imprint on the magnetic field of the beach they are born on. This hypothesis strongly correlates to the method which sea turtles use to navigate the earth.<a href="#cite_note-Wynekey,_J._2013._Pp_59-70-80">[80]</a> In order to tolerate the constant heat loss in the water, sea turtles have the ability to shunt blood away from tissues that are tolerant of low oxygen levels toward the heart, brain, and central nervous system. Other mechanisms include basking on warm beaches and producing heat through their activity and movements of their muscles. Basking turtles sometimes look like they are crying because behind the turtles eye is the lachrymal gland which stores excess salt from the sea water, which then expels through the turtles eye. In the winter months, turtles living at higher latitudes can hibernate for a short period in the mud.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unique_characteristics_and_features">Unique characteristics and features</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_sea_turtle&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Unique characteristics and features">edit</a>]</div> Green sea turtles can reach up to 40 miles per hour when swimming, making them the fastest sea turtle.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The green sea turtles exhibit sex differences by their development and appearance. As adult turtles, males are easily distinguishable from the females by having a longer tail (visibly extending past the shell) and longer claws on the front flippers. The hatching time and sex of the turtles are determined by the incubation temperature of the nest. Hatchings occur more quickly in nests that are warmer than nests that are in cooler conditions. Warm nesting sites above 30 degrees Celsius favor the development of females, whereas nesting sites below 30 degrees Celsius produce males. The position of the egg in the nest also affects sex-determination. Eggs in the center tend to hatch as females due to the warmer conditions within the nest.<a href="#cite_note-:2-34">[34]</a> Green sea turtles play an essential role in the ecosystem in which they live. In the seagrass beds, the turtles feed on the seagrass by trimming only the top and leaving the roots of the plant. Through their feeding technique, the turtles help to improve the health and growth of the seagrass beds. The healthy seagrass beds that the turtles provide give habitat and feeding grounds for many species of fish and crustaceans. On the nesting beaches, the green sea turtles provide key nutrients for the ecosystem through their hatched egg shells. In their coral reef habitat, the green sea turtles have a <a href="/wiki/Symbiosis" title="Symbiosis">symbiotic interaction</a> with reef fish, including the yellow tang. The yellow tang fish swims along with the turtle and feeds on the algae, barnacles, and parasites on its shell and flippers. This species interaction provides food for the yellow tang and provides a necessary cleaning and smoothing of the turtle's shell. This cleaning helps the turtles swim by reducing the amount of drag and improves their health.<a href="#cite_note-:3-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Importance_to_humans">Importance to humans</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_sea_turtle&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Importance to humans">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NSRW_Turtles.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black-and-white photo of several turtles set on their backs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/NSRW_Turtles.png/220px-NSRW_Turtles.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/NSRW_Turtles.png/330px-NSRW_Turtles.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/NSRW_Turtles.png/440px-NSRW_Turtles.png 2x" data-file-width="1265" data-file-height="947" /></a><figcaption>Harvested green turtles on a wharf at <a href="/wiki/Key_West,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Key West, Florida">Key West</a>, Florida</figcaption></figure> Historically, the turtles' skin was <a href="/wiki/Tanning_(leather)" title="Tanning (leather)">tanned</a> and used to make <a href="/wiki/Handbag" title="Handbag">handbags</a>, especially in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Glick2005Smithsonian-23">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Ancient_China" title="History of China">Ancient Chinese</a> considered the flesh of sea turtles a culinary delicacy, including and especially C. mydas.<a href="#cite_note-EatingTurtlesChina-89">[89]</a> Particularly for this species, the turtle's <a href="/wiki/Body_fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Body fat">fat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cartilage" title="Cartilage">cartilage</a>, and flesh, known as <a href="/wiki/Calipee" class="mw-redirect" title="Calipee">calipee</a>, are sought as ingredients for making <a href="/wiki/Turtle_soup" title="Turtle soup">turtle soup</a>, a popular 19th-century English and American dish.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-MCSgreen-21">[21]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, sea turtle eggs were a popular delicacy. However, the turtle's flesh is regarded as <a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%A4ar%C4%81m" class="mw-redirect" title="Ḥarām">ḥarām</a> or "unclean" under <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Islamic law</a> (<a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> is Java's primary religion). In <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>, turtle meat was a prominent feature at ceremonial and religious feasts. Turtles were harvested in the remotest parts of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Indonesia" title="List of islands of Indonesia">Indonesian archipelago</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EcoJavaBali-92">[92]</a> Bali has been importing sea turtles since the 1950s, as its own turtle supplies became depleted.<a href="#cite_note-Sumertha1974-93">[93]</a> The mostly Hindu <a href="/wiki/Balinese_people" title="Balinese people">Balinese</a> do not eat the eggs, but sell them instead to local <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a>. Commercial farms, such as the <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Turtle_Farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Cayman Turtle Farm">Cayman Turtle Farm</a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>, once bred them for commercial sale of turtle meat, turtle oil (rendered from the fat), turtle shell, and turtle leather made from the skin. The farm's initial stock was in large part from "doomed" eggs removed from nests threatened by erosion, flooding, or in chemically hostile soil.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> The farms held as many as 100,000 turtles at any one time. When the international markets were closed by regulations that did not allow even farm-bred turtle products to be exported internationally, the surviving farm became primarily a tourist attraction, supporting 11,000 turtles.<a href="#cite_note-Morriss-95">[95]</a> Initially started as Mariculture Ltd., then Cayman Turtle Farm Ltd and subsequently branded Boatswain's Beach, in 2010 the farm's brandname was changed to Cayman Turtle Farm: Island Wildlife Encounter.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> Sea turtles are integral to the history and culture of the <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a>. When the islands were first discovered by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> in 1503, he named them "Las Tortugas" because of the abundance of sea turtles in the waters around the islands.<a href="#cite_note-Turtle_release_set-97">[97]</a> Many of the earliest visitors came to the <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a> to capture the turtles as a source of fresh meat during long voyages. The green turtle is a national symbol displayed as part of the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Coat of arms of the Cayman Islands">coat of arms of the Cayman Islands</a>, which also forms part of the national <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Flag of the Cayman Islands">flag of the Cayman Islands</a>. The country's currency uses a turtle as the watermark in its banknotes.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> A stylised sea turtle nicknamed "Sir Turtle" is the mascot of the national airline <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Airways" title="Cayman Airways">Cayman Airways</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> and is part of the livery of its aircraft. A ki'i pōhaku (<a href="/wiki/Petroglyph" title="Petroglyph">petroglyph</a>) of a green sea turtle (or honu) can be found on the <a href="/wiki/Big_Island_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Island of Hawaii">Big Island of Hawaii</a> in the Pu'u Loa lava fields. The green sea turtle has always held a special meaning for <a href="/wiki/Hawaiians" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaiians">Hawaiians</a> and this petroglyph shows its importance; it may date to when the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Hawaiian Islands</a> first became populated. The turtle symbolizes a navigator that can find his way home time after time. This symbol mirrors the real life of the green Hawaiian turtle as it will swim hundreds of miles to lay its eggs at its own place of birth. Though there are other myths as well, some Hawaiian legends say the honu were the first to guide the <a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesians</a> to the Hawaiian Islands. Hawaiians revere the turtle and the legend of Kailua, a turtle who could take the form of a girl at will. In human form, she looked after the children playing on <a href="/wiki/Punalu%27u_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Punalu'u Beach">Punalu'u Beach</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation">Conservation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_sea_turtle&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Conservation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suppenschildkr%C3%B6te.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo from front of swimming turtle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Suppenschildkr%C3%B6te.jpg/220px-Suppenschildkr%C3%B6te.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Suppenschildkr%C3%B6te.jpg/330px-Suppenschildkr%C3%B6te.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Suppenschildkr%C3%B6te.jpg/440px-Suppenschildkr%C3%B6te.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="459" /></a><figcaption>In a <a href="/wiki/Public_aquarium" title="Public aquarium">public aquarium</a></figcaption></figure> In recent <a href="/wiki/Decade" title="Decade">decades</a>, sea turtles have moved from unrestricted exploitation to global protection, with individual countries providing additional protection, although serious threats remain unabated. All populations are considered "threatened".<a href="#cite_note-:0-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-UKBAP-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Threats">Threats</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_sea_turtle&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Threats">edit</a>]</div> Human action presents both intentional and unintentional threats to the species' survival. Intentional threats include continued <a href="/wiki/Turtling_(hunting)" title="Turtling (hunting)">hunting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poaching</a> and egg harvesting. More dangerous are unintentional threats, including boat strikes, fishermen's nets that lack <a href="/wiki/Turtle_excluder_device" title="Turtle excluder device">turtle excluder devices</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">pollution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">habitat destruction</a>. Chemical pollution may create <a href="/wiki/Tumor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor">tumors</a>;<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/Effluent" title="Effluent">effluent</a> from <a href="/wiki/Harbor" title="Harbor">harbors</a> near nesting sites may create disturbances; and <a href="/wiki/Light_pollution" title="Light pollution">light pollution</a> may disorient hatchlings. With chemical pollution present, there is a development of tar balls that is often eaten by green sea turtles in a confusion of their food. Tar balls cause the green sea turtle to ingest toxins that can block their guts and cause swelling of the tissue, displacing the liver and intestines.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Habitat loss usually occurs due to human development of nesting areas. Beach-front construction, land "reclamation" and increased tourism are examples of such development.<a href="#cite_note-NGeo-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-WildlifeofPakistan-9">[9]</a> An infectious <a href="/wiki/Tumor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor">tumor</a>-causing disease, <a href="/wiki/Turtle_fibropapillomatosis" title="Turtle fibropapillomatosis">fibropapillomatosis</a>, is also a problem in some populations. The disease kills a sizeable fraction of those it infects, though some individuals seem to resist the disease.<a href="#cite_note-Glick2005Smithsonian-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Herbst2000-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-Moncade2000-106">[106]</a> In addition, at least in the Southwestern Atlantic (Río de la Plata, Uruguay), exotic invasive species such as the rapa whelk <a href="/wiki/Rapana_venosa" title="Rapana venosa">Rapana venosa</a>, were reported massively bio-fouling immature green turtles, reducing buoyancy, increasing drag, and causing severe injuries to the carapace.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Because of these threats, many populations are in a vulnerable state. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chelonia_mydas_(poached).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Chelonia_mydas_%28poached%29.jpg/220px-Chelonia_mydas_%28poached%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Chelonia_mydas_%28poached%29.jpg/330px-Chelonia_mydas_%28poached%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Chelonia_mydas_%28poached%29.jpg/440px-Chelonia_mydas_%28poached%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3250" data-file-height="2435" /></a><figcaption>A poached green turtle in <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></figcaption></figure> Pacific green turtles' foraging habitats are poorly understood and mostly unknown.<a href="#cite_note-Seminoff_et_al,_2002-108">[108]</a> These foraging grounds are most likely along the coast of Baja California, Mexico and southern California,<a href="#cite_note-National_Marine_Fisheries_Service_and_U.S._Fish_and_Wildlife_Service_(Greens),_1998-109">[109]</a> in which these turtles have a high risk of incidental capture by coastal fisheries. The main mortality factor for these turtles is the shrimp trawlers in Mexico, in which many of these turtles go undocumented.<a href="#cite_note-National_Marine_Fisheries_Service_and_U.S._Fish_and_Wildlife_Service_(Greens),_1998-109">[109]</a> The only foraging area that has been identified is San Diego Bay, but it is heavily polluted with metals and PCBs.<a href="#cite_note-National_Marine_Fisheries_Service_and_U.S._Fish_and_Wildlife_Service_(Greens),_1998-109">[109]</a> These contaminants have a negative effect on the ocean environment, and have been shown to cause lesions and sometimes mortality.<a href="#cite_note-National_Marine_Fisheries_Service_and_U.S._Fish_and_Wildlife_Service_(Greens),_1998-109">[109]</a> Green turtles also are threatened by entanglement and ingestion of plastic.<a href="#cite_note-National_Marine_Fisheries_Service_and_U.S._Fish_and_Wildlife_Service_(Greens),_1998-109">[109]</a> In San Diego Bay, an adult green turtle was found dead with monofilament netting tightly packed in its esophagus.<a href="#cite_note-National_Marine_Fisheries_Service_and_U.S._Fish_and_Wildlife_Service_(Greens),_1998-109">[109]</a> In addition there are indications that global climate change is affecting the ability of green turtle populations in Australia to produce males due to their <a href="/wiki/Temperature-dependent_sex_determination" title="Temperature-dependent sex determination">temperature-dependent sex determination</a> and the rising temperatures in the northern <a href="/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef" title="Great Barrier Reef">Great Barrier Reef</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Construction of new <a href="/wiki/Thermal_power_station" title="Thermal power station">thermal power stations</a> can raise local water temperature, which is also said to be a threat.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Green sea turtles are the most commonly traded species along Java's south coast and are sold in the form of whole, stuffed animals or turtle oil, locally known as "minyak bulus".<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> The geographer James J. Parsons' book titled The Green Turtle and Man played a special role in the conservation movement to save the species from extinction.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_initiatives">Global initiatives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_sea_turtle&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Global initiatives">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Confiscated_musical_instrument_made_from_green_turtle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Confiscated_musical_instrument_made_from_green_turtle.jpg/220px-Confiscated_musical_instrument_made_from_green_turtle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Confiscated_musical_instrument_made_from_green_turtle.jpg/330px-Confiscated_musical_instrument_made_from_green_turtle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Confiscated_musical_instrument_made_from_green_turtle.jpg/440px-Confiscated_musical_instrument_made_from_green_turtle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4048" data-file-height="3036" /></a><figcaption>A confiscated musical instrument made from the shell of a green turtle, on display at <a href="/wiki/Narita_International_Airport" title="Narita International Airport">Narita International Airport</a>.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a> (IUCN) has repeatedly listed green sea turtles in its <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List_of_Threatened_Species" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN Red List of Threatened Species">Red List</a> under differing criteria. In 1982, they officially classified it as an <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered species</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IUCNGroombridge1982-114">[114]</a> The 1986,<a href="#cite_note-IUCN1986-115">[115]</a> 1988,<a href="#cite_note-IUCN1988-116">[116]</a> 1990,<a href="#cite_note-IUCN1990-117">[117]</a> 1994,<a href="#cite_note-IUCN1994-118">[118]</a> and the landmark 1996 edition of the <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List</a>, retained the listing.<a href="#cite_note-IUCN1996-119">[119]</a> In 2001, Nicholas Mrosovsky filed a delisting petition, claiming some green turtle populations were large, stable and in some cases, increasing. At the time, the species was listed under the strict EN A1abd criteria. The IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee ruled that visual counts of nesting females could not be considered "direct observation" and thus downgraded the species' status to EN A1bd—retaining the turtle's endangered status.<a href="#cite_note-IUCNPetition-120">[120]</a> In 2004, the IUCN reclassified C. mydas as endangered under the EN A2bd criteria, which essentially states the wild populations face a high risk of <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinction</a> because of several factors. These factors include a probable population reduction of more than 50% over the past decade as estimated from abundance indices and by projecting exploitation levels.<a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-1">[1]</a> On 3 May 2007, C. mydas was listed on Appendix I of the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_International_Trade_in_Endangered_Species" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species">Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species</a> (CITES) as a member of the family <a href="/wiki/Cheloniidae" title="Cheloniidae">Cheloniidae</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CITESAPP-121">[121]</a> The species was originally listed on Appendix II in 1975. The entire family was moved to Appendix I in 1977, with the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a> population of C. mydas. In 1981, the Australian population joined the rest. The Appendix I listing prohibits commercial international trade in the species (including parts and derivatives).<a href="#cite_note-CITES-122">[122]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Zoological_Society_of_London" title="Zoological Society of London">Zoological Society of London</a> has listed the reptile as an <a href="/wiki/EDGE_species" title="EDGE species">EDGE species</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> population is listed as critically endangered.<a href="#cite_note-NGeo-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-MCSgreen-21">[21]</a> The eastern Pacific, Hawaiian and Southern California subpopulations are designated threatened. Specific Mexican subpopulations are listed as endangered. The Florida population is listed as endangered. The <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature" title="World Wide Fund for Nature">World Wide Fund for Nature</a> has labeled populations in Pakistan as "rare and declining".<a href="#cite_note-MTNGroombridge-55">[55]</a> Since 1999, the <a href="/wiki/Florida_Aquarium" title="Florida Aquarium">Florida Aquarium</a> has led extensive sea turtle rehabilitation efforts and visitor and community education & conservation platforms to advance sea turtle protection. Over a 20-year period, the aquarium received 200 sea turtles, and while not all could be released due to the nature of their injuries or illnesses, 180 were successfully released. In 2019, they opened a state-of-the-art Sea Turtle Rehabilitation Center in <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo Beach">Apollo Beach</a>, Florida. In the first year, The Florida Aquarium Animal Response Team managed the care of 21 sea turtles, initiated new foraging-readiness testing for release candidates in deep-dive tank, and released 14 animals. In 2020, they also initiated a study to better understand how micro-plastics are impacting the sea turtles in their care. In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> enacted extensive protection measures. Florida statutes (F.A.C. Rule 68E-1) restrict the take, possession, disturbance, mutilation, destruction, selling, transference, molestation, and harassment of marine turtles, nests or eggs. Protection is also afforded to marine turtle habitat. A specific authorization from commission staff is required to conduct scientific, conservation, or educational activities that directly involve marine turtles in or collected from <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, their nests, hatchlings or parts thereof, regardless of applicant's possession of any federal permit. In the State of <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, specifically on the Island of Hawai'i (Hawaii County), state representative <a href="/wiki/Faye_Hanohano" title="Faye Hanohano">Faye Hanohano</a>, a Native Hawaiian rights activist, pressed for a measure to delist C. mydas from protected status so that Native Hawaiians could legally harvest the turtles and possibly their eggs as well. The bill, HCR14, was largely overlooked by the media since at that point it was only a local issue. While the bill was passed in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate's</a> Committee on Energy and Environment refused to hear it, which meant that the bill did not go on to be heard by the Senate.<a href="#cite_note-bill-124">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Country-specific_initiatives">Country-specific initiatives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_sea_turtle&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Country-specific initiatives">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OsakaAquarium_SeaTurtle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/OsakaAquarium_SeaTurtle.jpg/220px-OsakaAquarium_SeaTurtle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/OsakaAquarium_SeaTurtle.jpg/330px-OsakaAquarium_SeaTurtle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/OsakaAquarium_SeaTurtle.jpg/440px-OsakaAquarium_SeaTurtle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>At the <a href="/wiki/Osaka_Kaiyukan_Aquarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Osaka Kaiyukan Aquarium">Osaka Aquarium</a>, profile photo of turtle resting on bottom</figcaption></figure> In addition to management by global entities such as the <a href="/wiki/IUCN" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN">IUCN</a> and <a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">CITES</a>, specific countries around the world have undertaken conservation efforts. The <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian</a> island of <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a> has traditional uses that were considered sustainable, but have been questioned considering greater demand from the larger and wealthier human population. The harvest was the most intensive in the world.<a href="#cite_note-EcoJavaBali-92">[92]</a> In 1999, Indonesia restricted turtle trade and consumption because of the decreasing population and threat of a tourist boycott. It rejected a request made by Bali Governor <a href="/wiki/I_Made_Mangku_Pastika" title="I Made Mangku Pastika">I Made Mangku Pastika</a> in November 2009 to set a quota of 1,000 turtles to be killed in <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> religious ceremonies. While conservationists respect the need for turtles in rituals, they wanted a smaller quota.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Multiple <a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_the_Philippines" title="List of protected areas of the Philippines">protected areas of the Philippines</a> have significant green sea turtle nesting and feeding sites. The most notable is <a href="/wiki/Turtle_Islands,_Tawi-Tawi" title="Turtle Islands, Tawi-Tawi">Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary</a>, an <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> tentative site which encompasses an entire municipality and one of Southeast Asia's most important green sea turtle nesting sites.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Other notable sites include the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> tentative site of El Nido-Taytay Management Resource Protected Area and the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> of Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park. The species is protected under Republic Act 9147 or the Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act, while the sites where they live and nest are protected under the National Integrated Protected Areas System Act.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecotourism" title="Ecotourism">Ecotourism</a> is one initiative in <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>. The island of <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Selingan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulau Selingan">Pulau Selingan</a> is home to a turtle <a href="/wiki/Hatchery" title="Hatchery">hatchery</a>. Staff people place some of the eggs laid each night in a hatchery to protect them from predators. Incubation takes around sixty days. When the eggs hatch, <a href="/wiki/Tourists" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourists">tourists</a> assist in the release of the baby turtles into the sea.<a href="#cite_note-SelinganIsland-128">[128]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaiian</a> subpopulation has made a remarkable comeback and is now one focus of ecotourism and has become something of a state <a href="/wiki/Mascot" title="Mascot">mascot</a>. Students of <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Preparatory_Academy" title="Hawaii Preparatory Academy">Hawaii Preparatory Academy</a> on <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_(island)" title="Hawaii (island)">the Big Island</a> have tagged thousands of specimens since the early 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-Glick2005Smithsonian-23">[23]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> the species is protected by a <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_Action_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Biodiversity Action Plan">Biodiversity Action Plan</a>, due to excess harvesting and <a href="/wiki/Marine_pollution" title="Marine pollution">marine pollution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UKBAP2-129">[129]</a> The Pakistani-branch of the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature" title="World Wide Fund for Nature">World Wide Fund for Nature</a> has been initiating projects for secure turtle hatching since the 1980s. However, the population has continued to decline.<a href="#cite_note-WildlifeofPakistan-9">[9]</a> In the Atlantic, conservation initiatives have centered around Caribbean nesting sites. The Tortuguero nesting beaches in <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> have been the subject of egg-collection limits since the 1950s. The <a href="/wiki/Tortuguero_National_Park" title="Tortuguero National Park">Tortuguero National Park</a> was formally established in 1976, in part, to protect that region's nesting grounds.<a href="#cite_note-Bjorndal1999CostaRica-36">[36]</a> On <a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a>, which contains some of the most important nesting beaches, an active conservation program has been implemented.<a href="#cite_note-AscensionConservation-130">[130]</a> Karumbé has been monitoring foraging and developmental areas of juvenile green turtles in Uruguay since 1999.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> In Mozambique, there are a number of initiatives to protect sea turtles. In the <a href="/wiki/Primeiras_and_Segundas_Archipelago" title="Primeiras and Segundas Archipelago">Primeiras e Segundas</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Wildlife_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="World Wildlife Fund">WWF</a> Mozambique has established a turtle tagging and protection program. The archipelago is a vital nesting area for green turtles, including <a href="/wiki/Ilha_do_Fogo,_Mozambique" title="Ilha do Fogo, Mozambique">Ilha do Fogo</a> where Fire Island Conservation<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> manage a turtle monitoring programme, and at Celdeira Island, where several nesting females have been tagged. <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Turtle_Farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Cayman Turtle Farm">Cayman Turtle Farm</a> located in Grand Cayman in the northwest Caribbean Sea is the first farm to have achieved the second generation of green sea turtles bred, laid, hatched, and raised in captivity.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> Since its beginning in 1968, the farm has released over 31,000 turtles into the wild,<a href="#cite_note-Turtle_release_set-97">[97]</a> and each year more captive-bred turtles are released into the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a> from beaches around the island of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Cayman" title="Grand Cayman">Grand Cayman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Captive-bred turtles released from the farm as hatchlings or yearlings with "living tags," have now begun to return to nest on Grand Cayman as adults.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> On February 19, 2012 the farm released the first 2nd-generation captive-bred green sea turtle equipped with a Position Tracking Transponder, or PTT<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> (also known as a satellite tag).<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> In addition, the farm provides turtle meat products to the local population for whom turtle has been part of the traditional cuisine for centuries. In so doing, the farm curtails the incentive to take turtles from the wild,<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> which over the years in addition to the Cayman Turtle Farm's release of captive-bred turtles has enabled an increase in the number of turtles sighted in the waters around the island of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Cayman" title="Grand Cayman">Grand Cayman</a> and nesting on its beaches.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> In the Pacific, green sea turtles nest on the motu (<a href="/wiki/Islets" class="mw-redirect" title="Islets">islets</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/Funafuti_Conservation_Area" title="Funafuti Conservation Area">Funafuti Conservation Area</a>, a marine conservation area covering 33 square kilometers (12.74 square miles) of reef, lagoon and motu on the western side of <a href="/wiki/Funafuti" title="Funafuti">Funafuti</a> atoll in <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TTO-141">[141]</a> On <a href="/wiki/Raine_Island" title="Raine Island">Raine Island</a>, up to 100,000 nesting females have been observed in a season, with the cay producing 90% of the region's green turtles. However, the hatching rate declined in the 1990s, and a further decline in the population was threatened by the deaths of thousands of females as they struggled to climb the small sandy cliffs. In addition, as the shape of the island had changed over time, the spread of the beaches outwards had led to greater risk of inundation of the turtle nests. Between 2011 and 2020, a collaborative project by the <a href="/wiki/Queensland_Government" title="Queensland Government">Queensland Government</a>, <a href="/wiki/BHP" title="BHP">BHP</a> (as corporate sponsor), the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Great Barrier Reef Foundation, and <a href="/wiki/Wuthathi" title="Wuthathi">Wuthathi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meriam_people" title="Meriam people">Meriam</a> <a href="/wiki/Traditional_owners" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional owners">traditional owners</a>, reshaped the island using heavy machinery in a way that gave the female turtles a smoother passage and reduced the risk of nest inundation. A sophisticated monitoring and research system, using <a href="/wiki/3D_modelling" class="mw-redirect" title="3D modelling">3D modelling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">satellite</a> technology and <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">drones</a> was employed, and monitoring continues.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> As of June 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Green_sea_turtle&action=edit">[update]</a>, a project called "The Turtle Cooling Project" is being undertaken by scientists from the <a href="/wiki/World_Wildlife_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="World Wildlife Fund">World Wildlife Fund</a> Australia, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Queensland" title="University of Queensland">University of Queensland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deakin_University" title="Deakin University">Deakin University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Queensland_Government" title="Queensland Government">Queensland Government</a>. It is looking at the effect of <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a> on northern green turtle breeding, in particular the effect of producing more male turtles owing to the higher temperatures. They are working in the area around Raine Island, <a href="/wiki/Heron_Island_(Queensland)" title="Heron Island (Queensland)">Heron Island</a> and Moulter Cay.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_sea_turtle&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Genetics">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a> of Chelonia mydas was sequenced in 2013 to examine the development and evolution of the turtle body plan.<a href="#cite_note-Wang2013-144">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_sea_turtle&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Yellow.tang.arp.jpg/32px-Yellow.tang.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Yellow.tang.arp.jpg/48px-Yellow.tang.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Yellow.tang.arp.jpg/64px-Yellow.tang.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1315" data-file-height="1039" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Marine_life" title="Portal:Marine life">marine life portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Turtle_Association_of_Japan,_Kuroshima_Research_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea Turtle Association of Japan, Kuroshima Research Station">Sea Turtle Association of Japan, Kuroshima Research Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._K._Bellis" title="T. K. Bellis">T.K. Bellis</a> The "Turtle King".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_sea_turtle&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_12_November_2021_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_12_November_2021_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSeminoff,_J.A.2004" class="citation journal cs1">Seminoff, J.A.; et al. (Southwest Fisheries Science Center, U.S.) (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/4615/11037468">"Chelonia mydas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a>. 2004: e.T4615A11037468. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T4615A11037468.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T4615A11037468.en</a>. 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Retrieved February 21, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chelonia+mydas+&rft.pub=Integrated+Taxonomic+Information+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itis.gov%2Fservlet%2FSingleRpt%2FSingleRpt%3Fsearch_topic%3DTSN%26search_value%3D173833&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+sea+turtle" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeminoff2004" class="citation journal cs1">Seminoff (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/4615/11037468">"Chelonia mydas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a>. 2004. Retrieved 9 May 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Chelonia+mydas&rft.volume=2004&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Seminoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F4615%2F11037468&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+sea+turtle" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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title="commons:Category:Chelonia mydas">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Chelonia_mydas" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Chelonia mydas">Chelonia mydas</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060320213011/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/reptiles/Chelonia_mydas/">Images and movies (Chelonia mydas)</a> — ARKive (archived 20 March 2006)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/turtles/green.htm">US National Marine Fisheries Service green sea turtle page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/turtles/green.html">Floridian and Mexican populations</a>—US Fish and Wildlife Service</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fohn.net/green-turtles-facts-pictures/">Desktop wallpaper & fun green turtle facts</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://macaulaylibrary.org/video/59485">Green turtle video</a> – Macaulay Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWZ0KKofPmw">Baby green sea turtles</a> – Open Water 859 (video on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>)</li> <li>Photos of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sealifecollection.org/taxon/137206">Green sea turtle</a> on Sealife Collection</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cheloniidae" title="Template:Cheloniidae"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cheloniidae" title="Template talk:Cheloniidae"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cheloniidae" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cheloniidae"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cheloniidae_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cheloniidae" title="Cheloniidae">Cheloniidae</a> family</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">Reptilia</a></li> <li>Subclass: <a href="/wiki/Anapsid" title="Anapsid">Anapsida</a></li> <li>Order: <a href="/wiki/Testudines" class="mw-redirect" title="Testudines">Testudines</a></li> <li>Suborder: <a href="/wiki/Cryptodira" title="Cryptodira">Cryptodira</a></li> <li>Superfamily: <a href="/wiki/Sea_turtle" title="Sea turtle">Sea turtles</a></li> <li>Family: <a href="/wiki/Cheloniidae" title="Cheloniidae">Cheloniidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genera</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:left"><div id="Species_of_the_Cheloniidae_family">Species of the <a href="/wiki/Cheloniidae" title="Cheloniidae">Cheloniidae</a> family</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="18" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Lepidochelys-olivacea-K%C3%A9lonia-1.JPG/250px-Lepidochelys-olivacea-K%C3%A9lonia-1.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Lepidochelys-olivacea-K%C3%A9lonia-1.JPG/375px-Lepidochelys-olivacea-K%C3%A9lonia-1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Lepidochelys-olivacea-K%C3%A9lonia-1.JPG/500px-Lepidochelys-olivacea-K%C3%A9lonia-1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">†<a href="/wiki/Allopleuron" title="Allopleuron">Allopleuron</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Allopleuron_hofmanni" class="mw-redirect" title="Allopleuron hofmanni">Allopleuron hofmanni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">†<a href="/wiki/Argillochelys" title="Argillochelys">Argillochelys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Argillochelys_africana" class="mw-redirect" title="Argillochelys africana">Argillochelys africana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Loggerhead_sea_turtle" title="Loggerhead sea turtle">Caretta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loggerhead_sea_turtle" title="Loggerhead sea turtle">Loggerhead sea turtle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">†<a href="/wiki/Carolinochelys" title="Carolinochelys">Carolinochelys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Carolinochelys_wilsoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolinochelys wilsoni">Carolinochelys wilsoni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chelonia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Green sea turtle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">†<a href="/wiki/Eochelone" title="Eochelone">Eochelone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eochelone_brabantica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eochelone brabantica (page does not exist)">Eochelone brabantica</a></li> <li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eochelone_voltregana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eochelone voltregana (page does not exist)">Eochelone voltregana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hawksbill_sea_turtle" title="Hawksbill sea turtle">Eretmochelys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawksbill_sea_turtle" title="Hawksbill sea turtle">Hawksbill sea turtle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">†<a href="/wiki/Gigantatypus" title="Gigantatypus">Gigantatypus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Gigantatypus_salahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigantatypus salahi">Gigantatypus salahi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">†<a href="/wiki/Glarichelys" title="Glarichelys">Glarichelys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glarichelys_knorri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glarichelys knorri (page does not exist)">Glarichelys knorri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">†<a href="/wiki/Itilochelys" title="Itilochelys">Itilochelys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Itilochelys_rasstrigin" class="mw-redirect" title="Itilochelys rasstrigin">Itilochelys rasstrigin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ridley_sea_turtle" title="Ridley sea turtle">Lepidochelys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kemp%27s_ridley_sea_turtle" title="Kemp's ridley sea turtle">Kemp's ridley sea turtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_ridley_sea_turtle" title="Olive ridley sea turtle">Olive ridley sea turtle</a></li> <li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lepidochelys_waikatoica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lepidochelys waikatoica (page does not exist)">Lepidochelys waikatoica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">†<a href="/wiki/Mexichelys" title="Mexichelys">Mexichelys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Mexichelys_coahuilaensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexichelys coahuilaensis">Mexichelys coahuilaensis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">†<a href="/wiki/Miocaretta" title="Miocaretta">Miocaretta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Miocaretta_lankae" class="mw-redirect" title="Miocaretta lankae">Miocaretta lankae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flatback_sea_turtle" title="Flatback sea turtle">Natator</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flatback_sea_turtle" title="Flatback sea turtle">Flatback sea turtle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">†<a href="/wiki/Pacifichelys" title="Pacifichelys">Pacifichelys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacifichelys_hutchisoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pacifichelys hutchisoni (page does not exist)">Pacifichelys hutchisoni</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Pacifichelys_urbinai" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacifichelys urbinai">Pacifichelys urbinai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">†<a href="/wiki/Syllomus" title="Syllomus">Syllomus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Syllomus_aegyptiacus" class="mw-redirect" title="Syllomus aegyptiacus">Syllomus aegyptiacus</a></li> <li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Syllomus_crispatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syllomus crispatus (page does not exist)">Syllomus crispatus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">†<a href="/wiki/Tasbacka" title="Tasbacka">Tasbacka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tasbacka_aldabergeni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tasbacka aldabergeni (page does not exist)">Tasbacka aldabergeni</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Tasbacka_danica" class="mw-redirect" title="Tasbacka danica">Tasbacka danica</a></li> <li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tasbacka_ouledabdounensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tasbacka ouledabdounensis (page does not exist)">Tasbacka ouledabdounensis</a></li> <li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tasbacka_ruhoffi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tasbacka ruhoffi (page does not exist)">Tasbacka ruhoffi</a></li> <li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tasbacka_salisburgensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tasbacka salisburgensis (page does not exist)">Tasbacka salisburgensis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.turtleconservancy.org/documents/2017/crm-7-checklist-atlas-v8-2017.pdf">turtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status</a>. †=Extinct.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Testudines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Testudines" title="Template:Testudines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Testudines" title="Template talk:Testudines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Testudines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Testudines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Testudines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">Testudines</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">Reptilia</a></li> <li>Clade: <a href="/wiki/Diapsid" title="Diapsid">Diapsida</a></li> <li>Order: <a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">Testudines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)#Hierarchy_of_ranks" title="Order (biology)">Suborder</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Superfamily" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomic_rank" title="Taxonomic rank">Superfamily</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Family" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Testudines_families" title="List of Testudines families">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><div id="Genus"><a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">Genus</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Cryptodira" title="Cryptodira">Cryptodira</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Sea_turtle" title="Sea turtle">Chelonioidea</a> (Sea turtles)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cheloniidae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Cheloniidae" title="Cheloniidae">Cheloniidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Allopleuron" title="Allopleuron">Allopleuron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loggerhead_sea_turtle" title="Loggerhead sea turtle">Caretta</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Carolinochelys" title="Carolinochelys">Carolinochelys</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chelonia</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Eochelone" title="Eochelone">Eochelone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawksbill_sea_turtle" title="Hawksbill sea turtle">Eretmochelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Gigantatypus" title="Gigantatypus">Gigantatypus</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Glarichelys" title="Glarichelys">Glarichelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Itilochelys" title="Itilochelys">Itilochelys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridley_sea_turtle" title="Ridley sea turtle">Lepidochelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Mexichelys" title="Mexichelys">Mexichelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Miocaretta" title="Miocaretta">Miocaretta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatback_sea_turtle" title="Flatback sea turtle">Natator</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Pacifichelys" title="Pacifichelys">Pacifichelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Syllomus" title="Syllomus">Syllomus</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Tasbacka" title="Tasbacka">Tasbacka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Dermochelyidae" title="Dermochelyidae">Dermochelyidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Arabemys" title="Arabemys">Arabemys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Corsochelys" title="Corsochelys">Corsochelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Cosmochelys" title="Cosmochelys">Cosmochelys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leatherback_sea_turtle" title="Leatherback sea turtle">Dermochelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Eosphargis" title="Eosphargis">Eosphargis</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Mesodermochelys" title="Mesodermochelys">Mesodermochelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Psephophorus" title="Psephophorus">Psephophorus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Euclastes" title="Euclastes">Euclastes</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Peritresius" title="Peritresius">Peritresius</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Procolpochelys" title="Procolpochelys">Procolpochelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Protosphargis" title="Protosphargis">Protosphargis</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Puppigerus" title="Puppigerus">Puppigerus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Kinosternoidea" title="Kinosternoidea">Kinosternoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dermatemydidae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Dermatemydidae" title="Dermatemydidae">Dermatemydidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hickatee" title="Hickatee">Dermatemys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Kinosternidae" title="Kinosternidae">Kinosternidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narrow-bridged_musk_turtle" title="Narrow-bridged musk turtle">Claudius</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Hoplochelys" title="Hoplochelys">Hoplochelys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinosternon" title="Kinosternon">Kinosternon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staurotypus" title="Staurotypus">Staurotypus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sternotherus" title="Sternotherus">Sternotherus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Testudinoidea" title="Testudinoidea">Testudinoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Emydidae" title="Emydidae">Emydidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Acherontemys" title="Acherontemys">Acherontemys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysemys" title="Chrysemys">Chrysemys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemmys" title="Clemmys">Clemmys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deirochelys" title="Deirochelys">Deirochelys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emys" title="Emys">Emys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actinemys" title="Actinemys">Actinemys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emydoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Emydoidea">Emydoidea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyptemys" title="Glyptemys">Glyptemys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graptemys" title="Graptemys">Graptemys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamondback_terrapin" title="Diamondback terrapin">Malaclemys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudemys" title="Pseudemys">Pseudemys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_turtle" title="Box turtle">Terrapene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachemys" title="Trachemys">Trachemys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilburemys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilburemys (page does not exist)">Wilburemys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Geoemydidae" title="Geoemydidae">Geoemydidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batagur" title="Batagur">Batagur</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Banhxeochelys" title="Banhxeochelys">Banhxeochelys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_box_turtle" title="Asian box turtle">Cuora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclemys" title="Cyclemys">Cyclemys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_pond_turtle" title="Black pond turtle">Geoclemys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoemyda" title="Geoemyda">Geoemyda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahminy_river_turtle" title="Brahminy river turtle">Hardella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heosemys" title="Heosemys">Heosemys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulawesi_forest_turtle" title="Sulawesi forest turtle">Leucocephalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayemys" title="Malayemys">Malayemys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauremys" title="Mauremys">Mauremys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanochelys" title="Melanochelys">Melanochelys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morenia" title="Morenia">Morenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_flat-shelled_turtle" title="Malayan flat-shelled turtle">Notochelys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_giant_turtle" title="Malaysian giant turtle">Orlitia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangshura" title="Pangshura">Pangshura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhinoclemmys" title="Rhinoclemmys">Rhinoclemmys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacalia" title="Sacalia">Sacalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siebenrockiella" title="Siebenrockiella">Siebenrockiella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cane_turtle" title="Cane turtle">Vijayachelys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"> <a href="/wiki/Big-headed_turtle" title="Big-headed turtle">Platysternidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big-headed_turtle" title="Big-headed turtle">Platysternon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Tortoise" title="Tortoise">Testudinidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldabrachelys" title="Aldabrachelys">Aldabrachelys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrochelys" title="Astrochelys">Astrochelys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrochelys" title="Centrochelys">Centrochelys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelonoidis" title="Chelonoidis">Chelonoidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angulate_tortoise" title="Angulate tortoise">Chersina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cylindraspis" title="Cylindraspis">Cylindraspis</a></li> <li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymatholcus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymatholcus (page does not exist)">Cymatholcus</a></li> <li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Floridemys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Floridemys (page does not exist)">Floridemys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geochelone" title="Geochelone">Geochelone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopherus" title="Gopherus">Gopherus</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Hadrianus_(turtle)" title="Hadrianus (turtle)">Hadrianus</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Hesperotestudo" title="Hesperotestudo">Hesperotestudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homopus" title="Homopus">Homopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indotestudo" title="Indotestudo">Indotestudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinixys" title="Kinixys">Kinixys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancake_tortoise" title="Pancake tortoise">Malacochersus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manouria" title="Manouria">Manouria</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Megalochelys" title="Megalochelys">Megalochelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Oligopherus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oligopherus (page does not exist)">Oligopherus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psammobates" title="Psammobates">Psammobates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyxis_(turtle)" title="Pyxis (turtle)">Pyxis</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Solitudo" title="Solitudo">Solitudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_tortoise" title="Leopard tortoise">Stigmochelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Stylemys" title="Stylemys">Stylemys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testudo_(genus)" title="Testudo (genus)">Testudo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Trionychia" title="Trionychia">Trionychia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Pig-nosed_turtle" title="Pig-nosed turtle">Carettochelyidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Allaeochelys" title="Allaeochelys">Allaeochelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Anosteira" title="Anosteira">Anosteira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig-nosed_turtle" title="Pig-nosed turtle">Carettochelys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Trionychidae" title="Trionychidae">Trionychidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amyda" title="Amyda">Amyda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apalone" title="Apalone">Apalone</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Axestemys" title="Axestemys">Axestemys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitra_(turtle)" title="Chitra (turtle)">Chitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclanorbis" title="Cyclanorbis">Cyclanorbis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycloderma" title="Cycloderma">Cycloderma</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Drazinderetes" title="Drazinderetes">Drazinderetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_softshell_turtle" title="Malayan softshell turtle">Dogania</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Gilmoremys" title="Gilmoremys">Gilmoremys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Hutchemys" title="Hutchemys">Hutchemys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Khunnuchelys" title="Khunnuchelys">Khunnuchelys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lissemys" title="Lissemys">Lissemys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilssonia_(turtle)" title="Nilssonia (turtle)">Nilssonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattle-necked_softshell_turtle" title="Wattle-necked softshell turtle">Palea</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Palaeoamyda" title="Palaeoamyda">Palaeoamyda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelochelys" title="Pelochelys">Pelochelys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelodiscus" title="Pelodiscus">Pelodiscus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafetus" title="Rafetus">Rafetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trionyx" title="Trionyx">Trionyx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Basilochelys" title="Basilochelys">Basilochelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Sinaspideretes" title="Sinaspideretes">Sinaspideretes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Chelydridae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Chelydridae" title="Chelydridae">Chelydridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelydra" title="Chelydra">Chelydra</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Chelydrops" title="Chelydrops">Chelydrops</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Chelydropsis" title="Chelydropsis">Chelydropsis</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Emarginachelys" title="Emarginachelys">Emarginachelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Macrocephalochelys" title="Macrocephalochelys">Macrocephalochelys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrochelys" title="Macrochelys">Macrochelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Planiplastron" title="Planiplastron">Planiplastron</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Protochelydra" title="Protochelydra">Protochelydra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">†<a href="/wiki/Nanhsiungchelyidae" title="Nanhsiungchelyidae">Nanhsiungchelyidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Anomalochelys" title="Anomalochelys">Anomalochelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Basilemys" title="Basilemys">Basilemys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Jiangxichelys" title="Jiangxichelys">Jiangxichelys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">†<a href="/wiki/Protostegidae" title="Protostegidae">Protostegidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Alienochelys" title="Alienochelys">Alienochelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Archelon" title="Archelon">Archelon</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Atlantochelys" title="Atlantochelys">Atlantochelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Bouliachelys" title="Bouliachelys">Bouliachelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Calcarichelys" title="Calcarichelys">Calcarichelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Cratochelone" title="Cratochelone">Cratochelone</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Desmatochelys" title="Desmatochelys">Desmatochelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Iserosaurus" title="Iserosaurus">Iserosaurus</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Notochelone" title="Notochelone">Notochelone</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Ocepechelon" title="Ocepechelon">Ocepechelon</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Pneumatoarthrus" title="Pneumatoarthrus">Pneumatoarthrus</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Protostega" title="Protostega">Protostega</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Rhinochelys" title="Rhinochelys">Rhinochelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Santanachelys" title="Santanachelys">Santanachelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Terlinguachelys" title="Terlinguachelys">Terlinguachelys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Adocus" title="Adocus">Adocus</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Argillochelys" title="Argillochelys">Argillochelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Bashuchelys" title="Bashuchelys">Bashuchelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Ctenochelys" title="Ctenochelys">Ctenochelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Prionochelys" title="Prionochelys">Prionochelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Toxochelys" title="Toxochelys">Toxochelys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Pleurodira" title="Pleurodira">Pleurodira</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">†<a href="/wiki/Araripemydidae" title="Araripemydidae">Araripemydidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Araripemys" title="Araripemys">Araripemys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">†<a href="/wiki/Bothremydidae" title="Bothremydidae">Bothremydidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Araiochelys" title="Araiochelys">Araiochelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Arenila" title="Arenila">Arenila</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Azabbaremys" title="Azabbaremys">Azabbaremys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Bothremys" title="Bothremys">Bothremys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Cearachelys" title="Cearachelys">Cearachelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Chedighaii" title="Chedighaii">Chedighaii</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Chupacabrachelys" title="Chupacabrachelys">Chupacabrachelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Eotaphrosphys" title="Eotaphrosphys">Eotaphrosphys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Foxemys" title="Foxemys">Foxemys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Galianemys" title="Galianemys">Galianemys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Ilatardia" title="Ilatardia">Ilatardia</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Inaechelys" title="Inaechelys">Inaechelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Itapecuruemys" title="Itapecuruemys">Itapecuruemys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Jainemys" title="Jainemys">Jainemys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Kinkonychelys" title="Kinkonychelys">Kinkonychelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Kurmademys" title="Kurmademys">Kurmademys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Labrostochelys" title="Labrostochelys">Labrostochelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Nigeremys" title="Nigeremys">Nigeremys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Phosphatochelys" title="Phosphatochelys">Phosphatochelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Polysternon" title="Polysternon">Polysternon</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Puentemys" title="Puentemys">Puentemys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Rosasia" title="Rosasia">Rosasia</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Rhothonemys" title="Rhothonemys">Rhothonemys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Sankuchemys" title="Sankuchemys">Sankuchemys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Taphrosphys" title="Taphrosphys">Taphrosphys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Ummulisani" title="Ummulisani">Ummulisani</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Zolhafah" title="Zolhafah">Zolhafah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Chelidae" title="Chelidae">Chelidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acanthochelys" title="Acanthochelys">Acanthochelys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelodina" title="Chelodina">Chelodina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mata_mata" title="Mata mata">Chelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elseya" title="Elseya">Elseya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_River_turtle" title="Mary River turtle">Elusor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emydura" title="Emydura">Emydura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydromedusa" title="Hydromedusa">Hydromedusa</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Lomalatachelys" title="Lomalatachelys">Lomalatachelys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoclemmys" title="Mesoclemmys">Mesoclemmys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myuchelys" title="Myuchelys">Myuchelys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrynops" title="Phrynops">Phrynops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twist-necked_turtle" title="Twist-necked turtle">Platemys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Prochelidella" title="Prochelidella">Prochelidella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_swamp_turtle" title="Western swamp turtle">Pseudemydura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheodytes" title="Rheodytes">Rheodytes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_side-necked_turtle" title="Red side-necked turtle">Rhinemys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Yaminuechelys" title="Yaminuechelys">Yaminuechelys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Pelomedusidae" title="Pelomedusidae">Pelomedusidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_helmeted_turtle" title="African helmeted turtle">Pelomedusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelusios" title="Pelusios">Pelusios</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Podocnemididae" title="Podocnemididae">Podocnemididae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Albertwoodemys" title="Albertwoodemys">Albertwoodemys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Bauruemys" title="Bauruemys">Bauruemys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Brontochelys" title="Brontochelys">Brontochelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Caninemys" title="Caninemys">Caninemys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Carbonemys" title="Carbonemys">Carbonemys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Cerrejonemys" title="Cerrejonemys">Cerrejonemys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Cordichelys" title="Cordichelys">Cordichelys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascan_big-headed_turtle" title="Madagascan big-headed turtle">Erymnochelys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Lapparentemys" title="Lapparentemys">Lapparentemys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Latentemys" title="Latentemys">Latentemys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big-headed_Amazon_River_turtle" title="Big-headed Amazon River turtle">Peltocephalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podocnemis" title="Podocnemis">Podocnemis</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Stupendemys" title="Stupendemys">Stupendemys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">†<a href="/wiki/Sahonachelyidae" title="Sahonachelyidae">Sahonachelyidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Sahonachelys" title="Sahonachelys">Sahonachelys </a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Sokatra" title="Sokatra">Sokatra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Caribemys" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribemys">Caribemys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Caririemys" title="Caririemys">Caririemys</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Tacuarembemys" title="Tacuarembemys">Tacuarembemys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.turtleconservancy.org/documents/2017/crm-7-checklist-atlas-v8-2017.pdf">Turtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status</a>. † = extinct.</li></ul> <ul><li>See also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Testudines_families" title="List of Testudines families">List of Testudines families</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Chelonia mydas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199458" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q199458">Q199458</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Chelonia_mydas" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Chelonia mydas">Chelonia mydas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Chelonia_mydas">Chelonia_mydas</a></li> <li>BioLib: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id25129">25129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=26699">26699</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/TVGD">TVGD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Conservation_of_Migratory_Species_of_Wild_Animals" title="Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals">CMS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cms.int/en/species/chelonia-mydas">chelonia-mydas</a></li> <li>ECOS: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/6199">6199</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/KHLNMY">KHLNMY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/649">649</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:214775">214775</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea (new)</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/35edef3d-6687-4194-96f4-23fa99b6fce8">35edef3d-6687-4194-96f4-23fa99b6fce8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2442225">2442225</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/39659">39659</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10543067">10543067</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasive_Species_Compendium" title="Invasive Species Compendium">ISC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/61927">61927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=173833">173833</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/4615">4615</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.104885/">2.104885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NBNSYS0000188639">NBNSYS0000188639</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=8469">8469</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Marine_Fisheries_Service" title="National Marine Fisheries Service">NOAA</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/green-turtle">green-turtle</a></li> <li>NZOR: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/aab5c47a-811c-4d01-8f2b-e6bad9de7ae6">aab5c47a-811c-4d01-8f2b-e6bad9de7ae6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/80248/">80248</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Biodiversity_Information_System" title="Ocean Biodiversity Information System">OBIS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obis.org/taxon/137206">137206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=559133">559133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=173399">173399</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reptile_Database" title="Reptile Database">RD</a>: <a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?url_prefix=https%3A%2F%2Freptile-database.reptarium.cz%2Fspecies%3F&id=genus%3DChelonia%26species%3Dmydas">mydas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaLifeBase" title="SeaLifeBase">SeaLifeBase</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sealifebase.ca/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=67018">67018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">Species+</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://speciesplus.net/#/taxon_concepts/11071">11071</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Species_Profile_and_Threats_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Species Profile and Threats Database">SPRAT</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=1765">1765</a></li> <li>uBio: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=6585336">6585336</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137206">137206</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Testudo mydas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107055817" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q107055817">Q107055817</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/7935655">7935655</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10476191">10476191</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=208662">208662</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1375871">1375871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZooBank" title="ZooBank">ZooBank</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/AFBC3A47-405E-4D3D-827B-54F68DF54D35">AFBC3A47-405E-4D3D-827B-54F68DF54D35</a></li></ul> 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