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Basin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mediterranean_Basin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sahara_and_Arabian_deserts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sahara_and_Arabian_deserts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Sahara and Arabian deserts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sahara_and_Arabian_deserts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_and_Central_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_and_Central_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Western and Central Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_and_Central_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>East Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freshwater" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freshwater"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Freshwater</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freshwater-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Flora and fauna</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Flora and fauna subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Megafaunal_extinctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Megafaunal_extinctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Megafaunal extinctions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Megafaunal_extinctions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palearctic_terrestrial_ecoregions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palearctic_terrestrial_ecoregions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Palearctic terrestrial ecoregions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palearctic_terrestrial_ecoregions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>General references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Palearctic realm</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palearktiese_gebied" title="Palearktiese gebied – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Palearktiese gebied" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9" title="منطقة قطبية شمالية قديمة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منطقة قطبية شمالية قديمة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale%C3%A1rticu" title="Paleárticu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Paleárticu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palearktika" title="Palearktika – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Palearktika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Палеарктыка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Палеарктыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Палеарктыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Палеарктыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Палеарктика – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Палеарктика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoarktik" title="Paleoarktik – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Paleoarktik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_pale%C3%A0rtica" title="Zona paleàrtica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zona paleàrtica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Палеарктика – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Палеарктика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palearktick%C3%A1_oblast" title="Palearktická oblast – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Palearktická oblast" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palearctig" title="Palearctig – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Palearctig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%C3%A6arktiske_zone" title="Palæarktiske zone – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Palæarktiske zone" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%C3%A4arktis" title="Paläarktis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Paläarktis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palearktis" title="Palearktis – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Palearktis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Παλαιαρκτική – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παλαιαρκτική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale%C3%A1rtico" title="Paleártico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Paleártico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palearktiso" title="Palearktiso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Palearktiso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleartikoa" title="Paleartikoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Paleartikoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قلمرو دیرین‌شمالگان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قلمرو دیرین‌شمالگان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cozone_pal%C3%A9arctique" title="Écozone paléarctique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Écozone paléarctique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rexi%C3%B3n_pale%C3%A1rtica" title="Rexión paleártica – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rexión paleártica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EB%B6%81%EA%B5%AC" title="구북구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구북구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="पैलिआर्कटिक जैवभूक्षेत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पैलिआर्कटिक जैवभूक्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoarkti%C4%8Dka_zona" title="Paleoarktička zona – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Paleoarktička zona" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palearktika" title="Palearktika – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Palearktika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palearkt%C3%ADska_sv%C3%A6%C3%B0i%C3%B0" title="Palearktíska svæðið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Palearktíska svæðið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecozona_paleartica" title="Ecozona paleartica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ecozona paleartica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99" title="האזור הפלארקטי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האזור הפלארקטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98" title="პალეარქტიკის ოლქი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პალეარქტიკის ოლქი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Палеарктика – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Палеарктика" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oecozona_Palaearctica" title="Oecozona Palaearctica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Oecozona Palaearctica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palearktika" title="Palearktika – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Palearktika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palearktikus_faunatartom%C3%A1ny" title="Palearktikus faunatartomány – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Palearktikus faunatartomány" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%B2" title="പാലിയാർട്ടിക് മേഖല – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പാലിയാർട്ടിക് മേഖല" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleartik" title="Paleartik – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Paleartik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palearctisch_gebied" title="Palearctisch gebied – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Palearctisch gebied" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E5%8C%97%E5%8C%BA" title="旧北区 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="旧北区" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_palearktiske_sone" title="Den palearktiske sone – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den palearktiske sone" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_palearktiske_regionen" title="Den palearktiske regionen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den palearktiske regionen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palearktika_oblasti" title="Palearktika oblasti – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Palearktika oblasti" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%C3%A4arktis" title="Paläarktis – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Paläarktis" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraina_palearktyczna" title="Kraina palearktyczna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kraina palearktyczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_paleo%C3%A1rtica" title="Região paleoártica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Região paleoártica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palearctica" title="Palearctica – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Palearctica" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Палеарктика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Палеарктика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palearctic" title="Palearctic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Palearctic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleoarktis" title="Paleoarktis – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Paleoarktis" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palearktika" title="Palearktika – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Palearktika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Палеарктичка зона – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Палеарктичка зона" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palearkti%C4%8Dka_zona" title="Palearktička zona – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Palearktička zona" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palearktinen_alue" title="Palearktinen alue – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Palearktinen alue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palearktiska_regionen" title="Palearktiska regionen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Palearktiska regionen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="เขตชีวภาพพาลีอาร์กติก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เขตชีวภาพพาลีอาร์กติก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palearktik_biyoco%C4%9Frafik_b%C3%B6lgesi" title="Palearktik biyocoğrafik bölgesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Palearktik biyocoğrafik bölgesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Палеарктика – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Палеарктика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85_%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A8_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%B7%DB%81" title="قدیم قطب شمالی ماحولیاتی خطہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قدیم قطب شمالی ماحولیاتی خطہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%E1%BB%81n_C%E1%BB%95_B%E1%BA%AFc" title="Miền Cổ Bắc – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Miền Cổ Bắc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaearctis" title="Palaearctis – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Palaearctis" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%8C%97%E7%95%8C" title="古北界 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="古北界" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue 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0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ecozone_Palearctic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ecozone_Palearctic.svg/320px-Ecozone_Palearctic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ecozone_Palearctic.svg/480px-Ecozone_Palearctic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ecozone_Palearctic.svg/640px-Ecozone_Palearctic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption>The Palearctic realm (in red)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Palearctic</b> or <b>Palaearctic</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Biogeographic_realm" title="Biogeographic realm">biogeographic realm</a> of the Earth, the largest of eight. Confined almost entirely to the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hemisphere" title="Eastern Hemisphere">Eastern Hemisphere</a>, it stretches across all of <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a> north of the foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>. </p><p>The realm consists of several <a href="/wiki/Bioregion" title="Bioregion">bioregions</a>, variously spanning the Euro-Siberian region; the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Basin">Mediterranean Basin</a>; <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>; North <a href="/wiki/Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabia">Arabia</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Western_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Asia">Western</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>. The Palaearctic realm also has numerous rivers and lakes, forming several freshwater ecoregions. </p><p>Both the eastern and westernmost extremes of the Paleartic span into the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Cape_Dezhnyov" title="Cape Dezhnyov">Cape Dezhnyov</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chukotka_Autonomous_Okrug" title="Chukotka Autonomous Okrug">Chukotka Autonomous Okrug</a> the to the east and <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> to the west. The term was first used in the 19th century, and is still in use as the basis for <a href="/wiki/Zoogeography" title="Zoogeography">zoogeographic</a> classification. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palearctic_realm&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In an 1858 paper for the <i>Proceedings of the <a href="/wiki/Linnean_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Linnean Society">Linnean Society</a></i>, British zoologist <a href="/wiki/Philip_Sclater" title="Philip Sclater">Philip Sclater</a> first identified six terrestrial zoogeographic realms of the world: Palaearctic, Aethiopian/<a href="/wiki/Afrotropic" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrotropic">Afrotropic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian</a>/<a href="/wiki/Indomalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Indomalaya">Indomalayan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australasian_realm" title="Australasian realm">Australasian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nearctic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nearctic">Nearctic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neotropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Neotropical">Neotropical</a>. The six indicated general groupings of fauna, based on shared biogeography and large-scale geographic barriers to migration.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wallace03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Wallace03.jpg/500px-Wallace03.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Wallace03.jpg/750px-Wallace03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Wallace03.jpg/1000px-Wallace03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="990" /></a><figcaption>Frontispiece to <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a>'s book <i>The Geographical Distribution of Animals</i></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Wallace" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Wallace">Alfred Wallace</a> adopted Sclater's scheme for his book <i>The Geographical Distribution of Animals</i>, published in 1876. This is the same scheme that persists today, with relatively minor revisions, and the addition of two more realms: <a href="/wiki/Oceanian_realm" title="Oceanian realm">Oceania</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Antarctic_realm" title="Antarctic realm">Antarctic realm</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_ecological_regions">Major ecological regions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palearctic_realm&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Major ecological regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Palearctic realm includes mostly <a href="/wiki/Subarctic_climate" title="Subarctic climate">boreal/subarctic-climate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Temperate_climate" title="Temperate climate">temperate-climate</a> ecoregions, which run across <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a> from western Europe to the <a href="/wiki/Bering_Sea" title="Bering Sea">Bering Sea</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Euro-Siberian_region">Euro-Siberian region</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palearctic_realm&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Euro-Siberian region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The boreal and temperate Euro-Siberian region is the Palearctic's largest <a href="/wiki/Biogeography" title="Biogeography">biogeographic</a> region, which transitions from <a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">tundra</a> in the northern reaches of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> to the vast <a href="/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga">taiga</a>, the boreal coniferous forests which run across the continent. South of the taiga are a belt of <a href="/wiki/Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests" title="Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests">temperate broadleaf and mixed forests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Temperate_coniferous_forest" title="Temperate coniferous forest">temperate coniferous forests</a>. This vast Euro-Siberian region is characterized by many shared plant and animal species, and has many affinities with the temperate and boreal regions of the <a href="/wiki/Nearctic_realm" title="Nearctic realm">Nearctic realm</a> of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. Eurasia and North America were often connected by the <a href="/wiki/Bering_land_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Bering land bridge">Bering land bridge</a>, and have very similar <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammal</a> and bird fauna, with many Eurasian species having moved into North America, and fewer North American species having moved into Eurasia. Many zoologists consider the Palearctic and Nearctic to be a single <a href="/wiki/Holarctic_realm" title="Holarctic realm">Holarctic realm</a>. The Palearctic and Nearctic also share many plant species, which botanists call the <a href="/wiki/Arcto-Tertiary_Geoflora" title="Arcto-Tertiary Geoflora">Arcto-Tertiary Geoflora</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mediterranean_Basin">Mediterranean Basin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palearctic_realm&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mediterranean Basin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Basin">Mediterranean Basin</a></div> <p>The lands bordering the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> in southern Europe, north Africa, and western Asia are home to the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Basin">Mediterranean Basin</a> ecoregions, which together constitute the world's largest and most diverse <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">mediterranean climate</a> region of the world, with generally mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers. The Mediterranean basin's mosaic of <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_forests,_woodlands,_and_scrub" title="Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub">Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub</a> are home to 13,000 <a href="/wiki/Endemic_(ecology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic (ecology)">endemic</a> species. The Mediterranean basin is also one of the world's most endangered biogeographic regions; only 4% of the region's original vegetation remains, and human activities, including <a href="/wiki/Overgrazing" title="Overgrazing">overgrazing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a>, and conversion of lands for pasture, agriculture, and urbanization, have degraded much of the region. Formerly the region was mostly covered with forests and woodlands, but heavy human use has reduced much of the region to the <a href="/wiki/Sclerophyll" title="Sclerophyll">sclerophyll</a> shrublands known as <a href="/wiki/Chaparral" title="Chaparral">chaparral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matorral" title="Matorral">matorral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maquis_shrubland" title="Maquis shrubland">maquis</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Garrigue" title="Garrigue">garrigue</a>. <a href="/wiki/Conservation_International" title="Conservation International">Conservation International</a> has designated the Mediterranean basin as one of the world's <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_hotspot" title="Biodiversity hotspot">biodiversity hotspots</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sahara_and_Arabian_deserts">Sahara and Arabian deserts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palearctic_realm&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sahara and Arabian deserts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Horse_latitudes" title="Horse latitudes">A great belt of deserts</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_coastal_desert" title="Atlantic coastal desert">Atlantic coastal desert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a> Desert, and <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Desert" title="Arabian Desert">Arabian Desert</a>, separates the Palearctic and <a href="/wiki/Afrotropic" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrotropic">Afrotropic</a> ecoregions. This scheme includes these desert ecoregions in the palearctic realm; other biogeographers identify the realm boundary as the transition zone between the desert ecoregions and the Mediterranean basin ecoregions to the north, which places the deserts in the Afrotropic, while others place the boundary through the middle of the desert. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_and_Central_Asia">Western and Central Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palearctic_realm&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Western and Central Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> mountains, which run between the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a>, are a particularly rich mix of coniferous, broadleaf, and mixed forests, and include the <a href="/wiki/Temperate_rain_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate rain forest">temperate rain forests</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Euxine-Colchic_deciduous_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests">Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests</a> ecoregion. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_plateau" title="Iranian plateau">Iranian plateau</a> are home to dry <a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">steppe</a> <a href="/wiki/Grasslands" class="mw-redirect" title="Grasslands">grasslands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">desert</a> basins, with montane forests, woodlands, and grasslands in the region's high mountains and plateaux. In southern Asia the boundary of the Palearctic is largely altitudinal. The middle altitude foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Himalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Himalaya">Himalaya</a> between about 2,000–2,500 m (6,600–8,200 ft) form the boundary between the Palearctic and <a href="/wiki/Indomalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Indomalaya">Indomalaya</a> ecoregions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Asia">East Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palearctic_realm&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: East Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> are more humid and temperate than adjacent <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> and Central Asia, and are home to rich temperate coniferous, broadleaf, and mixed forests, which are now mostly limited to mountainous areas, as the densely populated lowlands and river basins have been converted to intensive agricultural and urban use. East Asia was not much affected by glaciation in the <a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">ice ages</a>, and retained 96 percent of <a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> tree genera, while Europe retained only 27 percent. In the subtropical region of southern China and southern edge of the Himalayas, the Palearctic temperate forests transition to the subtropical and tropical forests of <a href="/wiki/Indomalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Indomalaya">Indomalaya</a>, creating a rich and diverse mix of plant and animal species. The <a href="/wiki/Mountains_of_southwest_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountains of southwest China">mountains of southwest China</a> are also designated as a <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_hotspot" title="Biodiversity hotspot">biodiversity hotspot</a>. In Southeastern Asia, high <a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">mountain ranges</a> form tongues of Palearctic flora and fauna in northern <a href="/wiki/Indochina" class="mw-redirect" title="Indochina">Indochina</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. Isolated small outposts (<a href="/wiki/Sky_island" title="Sky island">sky islands</a>) occur as far south as central Myanmar (on <a href="/wiki/Nat_Ma_Taung" title="Nat Ma Taung">Nat Ma Taung</a>, 3,050 m; 10,010 ft), northernmost <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> (on <a href="/wiki/Fan_Si_Pan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fan Si Pan">Fan Si Pan</a>, 3,140 m; 10,300 ft) and the high mountains of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Freshwater">Freshwater</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palearctic_realm&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Freshwater"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The realm contains several important <a href="/wiki/Freshwater_ecoregion" class="mw-redirect" title="Freshwater ecoregion">freshwater ecoregions</a> as well, including the heavily developed <a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Rivers of Europe">rivers of Europe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rivers of Russia">rivers of Russia</a>, which flow into the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian</a> seas, <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Lake_Baikal" title="Lake Baikal">Lake Baikal</a>, the oldest and deepest lake on the planet, and Japan's ancient <a href="/wiki/Lake_Biwa" title="Lake Biwa">Lake Biwa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palearctic_realm&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One bird family, the <a href="/wiki/Accentor" title="Accentor">accentors</a> (Prunellidae), is endemic to the Palearctic region. The <a href="/wiki/Holarctic" class="mw-redirect" title="Holarctic">Holarctic</a> has four other endemic bird families: the divers or <a href="/wiki/Loon" title="Loon">loons</a> (Gaviidae), <a href="/wiki/Grouse" title="Grouse">grouse</a> (Tetraoninae), <a href="/wiki/Auk" title="Auk">auks</a> (Alcidae), and <a href="/wiki/Waxwing" title="Waxwing">waxwings</a> (Bombycillidae). </p><p>There are no endemic <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammal</a> orders in the region, but several families are endemic: Calomyscidae (<a href="/wiki/Mouse-like_hamster" title="Mouse-like hamster">mouse-like hamsters</a>), <a href="/wiki/Prolagidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Prolagidae">Prolagidae</a>, and Ailuridae (<a href="/wiki/Red_panda" title="Red panda">red pandas</a>). Several mammal species originated in the Palearctic and spread to the Nearctic during <a href="/wiki/Last_glacial_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Last glacial period">the Ice Age</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Brown_bear" title="Brown bear">brown bear</a> (<i>Ursus arctos</i>, known in North America as the grizzly), <a href="/wiki/Red_deer" title="Red deer">red deer</a> (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) in Europe and the closely related <a href="/wiki/Elk" title="Elk">elk</a> (<i>Cervus canadensis</i>) in far eastern Siberia, <a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">American bison</a> (<i>Bison bison</i>), and <a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">reindeer</a> (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>, known in North America as the <a href="/wiki/Caribou" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribou">caribou</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Megafaunal_extinctions">Megafaunal extinctions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palearctic_realm&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Megafaunal extinctions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several large Palearctic animals became extinct from the end of the <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> into historic times, including <a href="/wiki/Irish_elk" title="Irish elk">Irish elk</a> (<i>Megaloceros giganteus</i>), <a href="/wiki/Aurochs" title="Aurochs">aurochs</a> (<i>Bos primigenius</i>), <a href="/wiki/Woolly_rhinoceros" title="Woolly rhinoceros">woolly rhinoceros</a> (<i>Coelodonta antiquitatis</i>), <a href="/wiki/Woolly_mammoth" title="Woolly mammoth">woolly mammoth</a> (<i>Mammuthus primigenius</i>), <a href="/wiki/North_African_elephant" title="North African elephant">North African elephant</a> (<i>Loxodonta africana pharaoensis</i>), <a href="/wiki/Elephants_in_ancient_China" title="Elephants in ancient China">Chinese elephant</a> (<i>Elephas maximus rubridens</i>), <a href="/wiki/Cave_bear" title="Cave bear">cave bear</a> (<i>Ursus spelaeus</i>), <a href="/wiki/Straight-tusked_elephant" title="Straight-tusked elephant">Straight tusked elephant</a> (<i>Palaeoloxodon antiquus</i>) and <a href="/wiki/History_of_lions_in_Europe" title="History of lions in Europe">European lion</a> (<i>Panthera leo europaea</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Palearctic_terrestrial_ecoregions">Palearctic terrestrial ecoregions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palearctic_realm&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Palearctic terrestrial ecoregions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastern_palearctic_biomes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Eastern_palearctic_biomes.svg/600px-Eastern_palearctic_biomes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Eastern_palearctic_biomes.svg/900px-Eastern_palearctic_biomes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Eastern_palearctic_biomes.svg/1200px-Eastern_palearctic_biomes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="5250" data-file-height="2452" /></a><figcaption>The outlined ecoregions of the eastern Palearctic realm, each of a colored biome.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_palearctic_biomes.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Western_palearctic_biomes.svg/600px-Western_palearctic_biomes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="462" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Western_palearctic_biomes.svg/900px-Western_palearctic_biomes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Western_palearctic_biomes.svg/1200px-Western_palearctic_biomes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3829" data-file-height="2949" /></a><figcaption>The outlined ecoregions of the western Palearctic realm, each of a colored biome. Note that this realm, as a whole, has 10 of <a href="/wiki/Biome#Olson_&_Dinerstein_(1998)_biomes_for_WWF_/_Global_200" title="Biome">14 biomes</a>, or major habitat types, as defined by Olson & Dinerstein, et al. (2001).<sup id="cite_ref-Olson2001_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson2001-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#447821; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 01. <a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_moist_broadleaf_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests">Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#D4AA00; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 02. <a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_dry_broadleaf_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests">Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#66FF00; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 03. <a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_coniferous_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests">Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#71C837; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 04. <a href="/wiki/Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests" title="Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests">Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#005500; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 05. <a href="/wiki/Temperate_coniferous_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate coniferous forests">Temperate coniferous forests</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#2CA05A; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 06. <a href="/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga">Taiga and Boreal forest</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFDD55; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 07. <a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands" title="Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands">Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CDDE87; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 08. <a href="/wiki/Temperate_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands" title="Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands">Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#80B3FF; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 09. <a href="/wiki/Flooded_grasslands_and_savannas" title="Flooded grasslands and savannas">Flooded grasslands and savannas</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C6AFE9; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 10. <a href="/wiki/Montane_grasslands_and_shrublands" title="Montane grasslands and shrublands">Montane grasslands and shrublands</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#87DECD; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 11. <a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">Tundra</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C87137; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 12. <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_forests,_woodlands,_and_scrub" title="Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub">Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFF6D5; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 13. <a href="/wiki/Deserts_and_xeric_shrublands" title="Deserts and xeric shrublands">Deserts and xeric shrublands</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#D400AA; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> 14. <a href="/wiki/Mangrove_forest" title="Mangrove forest">Mangroves</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ECECEC; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Rock and Ice, or Abiotic Land Zones</div></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1045256916">.mw-parser-output .navbar-header{text-align:center;position:relative;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbar-header .navbar{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;margin:0 5px}</style><div class="navbar-header"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palearctic</a> <a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_moist_broadleaf_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests">tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Palearctic_tropical_and_subtropical_moist_broadleaf_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Palearctic tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Palearctic_tropical_and_subtropical_moist_broadleaf_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Palearctic tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Palearctic_tropical_and_subtropical_moist_broadleaf_forests" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Palearctic tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Guizhou_Plateau_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests" title="Guizhou Plateau broadleaf and mixed forests">Guizhou Plateau broadleaf and mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yunnan_Plateau_subtropical_evergreen_forests" title="Yunnan Plateau subtropical evergreen forests">Yunnan Plateau subtropical evergreen forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;">Palearctic <a href="/wiki/Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest">temperate broadleaf and mixed forests</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Apennine_deciduous_montane_forests" title="Apennine deciduous montane forests">Apennine deciduous montane forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_mixed_forests" title="Atlantic mixed forests">Atlantic mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Azores_temperate_mixed_forests" title="Azores temperate mixed forests">Azores temperate mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Balkan_mixed_forests" title="Balkan mixed forests">Balkan mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baltic_mixed_forests" title="Baltic mixed forests">Baltic mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_mixed_forests" title="Cantabrian mixed forests">Cantabrian mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Hyrcanian_mixed_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests">Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_mixed_forests" title="Caucasus mixed forests">Caucasus mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Celtic_broadleaf_forests" title="Celtic broadleaf forests">Celtic broadleaf forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Anatolian_deciduous_forests" title="Central Anatolian deciduous forests">Central Anatolian deciduous forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_China_loess_plateau_mixed_forests" title="Central China loess plateau mixed forests">Central China loess plateau mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_European_mixed_forests" title="Central European mixed forests">Central European mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Korean_deciduous_forests" title="Central Korean deciduous forests">Central Korean deciduous forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Changbai_Mountains_mixed_forests" title="Changbai Mountains mixed forests">Changbai Mountains mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Changjiang_Plain_evergreen_forests" title="Changjiang Plain evergreen forests">Changjiang Plain evergreen forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Submediterranean_forest_complex" title="Crimean Submediterranean forest complex">Crimean Submediterranean forest complex</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Daba_Mountains_evergreen_forests" title="Daba Mountains evergreen forests">Daba Mountains evergreen forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dinaric_Mountains_mixed_forests" title="Dinaric Mountains mixed forests">Dinaric Mountains mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_European_forest_steppe" title="East European forest steppe">East European forest steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Anatolian_deciduous_forests" title="Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests">Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/English_Lowlands_beech_forests" title="English Lowlands beech forests">English Lowlands beech forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Euxine%E2%80%93Colchic_deciduous_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Euxine–Colchic deciduous forests">Euxine–Colchic deciduous forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hokkaido_deciduous_forests" title="Hokkaido deciduous forests">Hokkaido deciduous forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Huang_He_Plain_mixed_forests" title="Huang He Plain mixed forests">Huang He Plain mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Madeira_evergreen_forests" title="Madeira evergreen forests">Madeira evergreen forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Manchurian_mixed_forests" title="Manchurian mixed forests">Manchurian mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nihonkai_evergreen_forests" title="Nihonkai evergreen forests">Nihonkai evergreen forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nihonkai_montane_deciduous_forests" title="Nihonkai montane deciduous forests">Nihonkai montane deciduous forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_moist_mixed_forests" title="North Atlantic moist mixed forests">North Atlantic moist mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>), <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> (<a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China_Plain_deciduous_forests" title="Northeast China Plain deciduous forests">Northeast China Plain deciduous forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_mixed_forests" title="Pannonian mixed forests">Pannonian mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Po_Basin_mixed_forests" title="Po Basin mixed forests">Po Basin mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pyrenees_conifer_and_mixed_forests" title="Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests">Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Qin_Ling_Mountains_deciduous_forests" title="Qin Ling Mountains deciduous forests">Qin Ling Mountains deciduous forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rodope_montane_mixed_forests" title="Rodope montane mixed forests">Rodope montane mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sarmatic_mixed_forests" title="Sarmatic mixed forests">Sarmatic mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Basin_evergreen_broadleaf_forests" title="Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaf forests">Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaf forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Sakhalin%E2%80%93Kurile_mixed_forests" title="South Sakhalin–Kurile mixed forests">South Sakhalin–Kurile mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Korea_evergreen_forests" title="Southern Korea evergreen forests">Southern Korea evergreen forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiheiyo_evergreen_forests" title="Taiheiyo evergreen forests">Taiheiyo evergreen forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taiheiyo_montane_deciduous_forests" title="Taiheiyo montane deciduous forests">Taiheiyo montane deciduous forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tarim_Basin_deciduous_forests_and_steppe" title="Tarim Basin deciduous forests and steppe">Tarim Basin deciduous forests and steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ussuri_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests" title="Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests">Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Siberian_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests" title="West Siberian broadleaf and mixed forests">West Siberian broadleaf and mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_European_broadleaf_forests" title="Western European broadleaf forests">Western European broadleaf forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>. <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zagros_Mountains_forest_steppe" title="Zagros Mountains forest steppe">Zagros Mountains forest steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Palearctic_temperate_coniferous_forest_ecoregions" title="Template:Palearctic temperate coniferous forest ecoregions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Palearctic_temperate_coniferous_forest_ecoregions" title="Template talk:Palearctic temperate coniferous forest ecoregions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Palearctic_temperate_coniferous_forest_ecoregions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Palearctic temperate coniferous forest ecoregions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palearctic</a> <a href="/wiki/Temperate_coniferous_forest" title="Temperate coniferous forest">temperate coniferous forests</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alps_conifer_and_mixed_forests" title="Alps conifer and mixed forests">Alps conifer and mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Altai_montane_forest_and_forest_steppe" title="Altai montane forest and forest steppe">Altai montane forest and forest steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Caledon_conifer_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Caledon conifer forests">Caledon conifer forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Carpathian_montane_conifer_forests" title="Carpathian montane conifer forests">Carpathian montane conifer forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Da_Hinggan%E2%80%93Dzhagdy_Mountains_conifer_forests" title="Da Hinggan–Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests">Da Hinggan–Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests</a> </td> <td>China, Russia </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Afghan_montane_conifer_forests" title="East Afghan montane conifer forests">East Afghan montane conifer forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elburz_Range_forest_steppe" title="Elburz Range forest steppe">Elburz Range forest steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Helanshan_montane_conifer_forests" title="Helanshan montane conifer forests">Helanshan montane conifer forests</a> </td> <td>China </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hengduan_Mountains_subalpine_conifer_forests" title="Hengduan Mountains subalpine conifer forests">Hengduan Mountains subalpine conifer forests</a> </td> <td>China </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hokkaido_montane_conifer_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokkaido montane conifer forests">Hokkaido montane conifer forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Honsh%C5%AB_alpine_conifer_forests" title="Honshū alpine conifer forests">Honshū alpine conifer forests</a> </td> <td>Japan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Khangai_Mountains_conifer_forests" title="Khangai Mountains conifer forests">Khangai Mountains conifer forests</a> </td> <td>Mongolia </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_conifer_and_mixed_forests" title="Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests">Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Himalayan_subalpine_conifer_forests" title="Northeastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests">Northeastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests</a> </td> <td>China, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Anatolian_conifer_and_deciduous_forests" title="Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests">Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nujiang_Langcang_Gorge_alpine_conifer_and_mixed_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Nujiang Langcang Gorge alpine conifer and mixed forests">Nujiang Langcang Gorge alpine conifer and mixed forests</a> </td> <td>China </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Qilian_Mountains_conifer_forests" title="Qilian Mountains conifer forests">Qilian Mountains conifer forests</a> </td> <td>China </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Qionglai%E2%80%93Minshan_conifer_forests" title="Qionglai–Minshan conifer forests">Qionglai–Minshan conifer forests</a> </td> <td>China </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sayan_montane_conifer_forests" title="Sayan montane conifer forests">Sayan montane conifer forests</a> </td> <td>Mongolia, Russia </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_coastal_conifer_forests" title="Scandinavian coastal conifer forests">Scandinavian coastal conifer forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan_montane_conifer_forests" title="Tian Shan montane conifer forests">Tian Shan montane conifer forests</a> </td> <td>China, Kazakhstan, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1045256916" /><div class="navbar-header"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palearctic</a> <a href="/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga">boreal forests/taiga</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Palearctic_boreal_forests/taiga" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Palearctic boreal forests/taiga"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Palearctic_boreal_forests/taiga" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Palearctic boreal forests/taiga"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Palearctic_boreal_forests/taiga" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Palearctic boreal forests/taiga"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Siberian_taiga" title="East Siberian taiga">East Siberian taiga</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iceland_boreal_birch_forests_and_alpine_tundra" title="Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra">Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kamchatka%E2%80%93Kurile_meadows_and_sparse_forests" title="Kamchatka–Kurile meadows and sparse forests">Kamchatka–Kurile meadows and sparse forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kamchatka%E2%80%93Kurile_taiga" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamchatka–Kurile taiga">Kamchatka–Kurile taiga</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Siberian_taiga" title="Northeast Siberian taiga">Northeast Siberian taiga</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Okhotsk%E2%80%93Manchurian_taiga" title="Okhotsk–Manchurian taiga">Okhotsk–Manchurian taiga</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Island_taiga" title="Sakhalin Island taiga">Sakhalin Island taiga</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_and_Russian_taiga" title="Scandinavian and Russian taiga">Scandinavian and Russian taiga</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Trans-Baikal_conifer_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-Baikal conifer forests">Trans-Baikal conifer forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Urals_montane_tundra_and_taiga" title="Urals montane tundra and taiga">Urals montane tundra and taiga</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Siberian_taiga" title="West Siberian taiga">West Siberian taiga</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1045256916" /><div class="navbar-header"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palearctic</a> <a href="/wiki/Temperate_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands" title="Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands">temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Palearctic_temperate_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Palearctic temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Palearctic_temperate_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Palearctic temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Palearctic_temperate_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Palearctic temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alai%E2%80%93Western_Tian_Shan_steppe" title="Alai–Western Tian Shan steppe">Alai–Western Tian Shan steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Altai_steppe_and_semi-desert" title="Altai steppe and semi-desert">Altai steppe and semi-desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Anatolian_steppe" title="Central Anatolian steppe">Central Anatolian steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Daurian_forest_steppe" title="Daurian forest steppe">Daurian forest steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Anatolian_montane_steppe" title="Eastern Anatolian montane steppe">Eastern Anatolian montane steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emin_Valley" title="Emin Valley">Emin Valley steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands_boreal_grasslands" title="Faroe Islands boreal grasslands">Faroe Islands boreal grasslands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gissaro%E2%80%93Alai_open_woodlands" title="Gissaro–Alai open woodlands">Gissaro–Alai open woodlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_forest_steppe" title="Kazakh forest steppe">Kazakh forest steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_steppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakh steppe">Kazakh steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Uplands" title="Kazakh Uplands">Kazakh Uplands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongolian%E2%80%93Manchurian_grassland" title="Mongolian–Manchurian grassland">Mongolian–Manchurian grassland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pontic_steppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontic steppe">Pontic steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sayan_Intermontane_steppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayan Intermontane steppe">Sayan Intermontane steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Selenge%E2%80%93Orkhon_forest_steppe" title="Selenge–Orkhon forest steppe">Selenge–Orkhon forest steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Siberian_forest_steppe" title="South Siberian forest steppe">South Siberian forest steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Syrian_xeric_grasslands_and_shrublands" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian xeric grasslands and shrublands">Syrian xeric grasslands and shrublands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan_foothill_arid_steppe" title="Tian Shan foothill arid steppe">Tian Shan foothill arid steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1045256916" /><div class="navbar-header"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palearctic</a> <a href="/wiki/Flooded_grasslands_and_savannas" title="Flooded grasslands and savannas">flooded grasslands and savannas</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Palearctic_flooded_grasslands_and_savannas" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Palearctic flooded grasslands and savannas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Palearctic_flooded_grasslands_and_savannas" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Palearctic flooded grasslands and savannas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Palearctic_flooded_grasslands_and_savannas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Palearctic flooded grasslands and savannas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amur_meadow_steppe" title="Amur meadow steppe">Amur meadow steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea_saline_meadow" title="Bohai Sea saline meadow">Bohai Sea saline meadow</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nenjiang_River_grassland" title="Nenjiang River grassland">Nenjiang River grassland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nile_Delta_flooded_savanna" title="Nile Delta flooded savanna">Nile Delta flooded savanna</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saharan_halophytics" title="Saharan halophytics">Saharan halophytics</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tigris%E2%80%93Euphrates_alluvial_salt_marsh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigris–Euphrates alluvial salt marsh">Tigris–Euphrates alluvial salt marsh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Suiphun%E2%80%93Khanka_meadows_and_forest_meadows" title="Suiphun–Khanka meadows and forest meadows">Ussuri-Wusuli meadow and forest meadow</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea_saline_meadow" title="Yellow Sea saline meadow">Yellow Sea saline meadow</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1045256916" /><div class="navbar-header"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palearctic</a> <a href="/wiki/Montane_grasslands_and_shrublands" title="Montane grasslands and shrublands">montane grasslands and shrublands</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Palearctic_montane_grasslands_and_shrublands" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Palearctic montane grasslands and shrublands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Palearctic_montane_grasslands_and_shrublands" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Palearctic montane grasslands and shrublands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Palearctic_montane_grasslands_and_shrublands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Palearctic montane grasslands and shrublands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Altai_alpine_meadow_and_tundra" title="Altai alpine meadow and tundra">Altai alpine meadow and tundra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Tibetan_Plateau_alpine_steppe" title="Central Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe">Central Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalayan_alpine_shrub_and_meadows" title="Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows">Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ghorat%E2%80%93Hazarajat_alpine_meadow" title="Ghorat–Hazarajat alpine meadow">Ghorat–Hazarajat alpine meadow</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush_alpine_meadow" title="Hindu Kush alpine meadow">Hindu Kush alpine meadow</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karakoram%E2%80%93West_Tibetan_Plateau_alpine_steppe" title="Karakoram–West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe">Karakoram–West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Khangai_Mountains_alpine_meadow" title="Khangai Mountains alpine meadow">Khangai Mountains alpine meadow</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kopet_Dag_woodlands_and_forest_steppe" title="Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe">Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuh_Rud_and_Eastern_Iran_montane_woodlands" title="Kuh Rud and Eastern Iran montane woodlands">Kuh Rud and Eastern Iran montane woodlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_High_Atlas_juniper_steppe" title="Mediterranean High Atlas juniper steppe">Mediterranean High Atlas juniper steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Tibetan_Plateau%E2%80%93Kunlun_Mountains_alpine_desert" title="North Tibetan Plateau–Kunlun Mountains alpine desert">North Tibetan Plateau–Kunlun Mountains alpine desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Himalayan_alpine_shrub_and_meadows" title="Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows">Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ordos_Plateau_steppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordos Plateau steppe">Ordos Plateau steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pamir_alpine_desert_and_tundra" title="Pamir alpine desert and tundra">Pamir alpine desert and tundra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Qilian_Mountains_subalpine_meadows" title="Qilian Mountains subalpine meadows">Qilian Mountains subalpine meadows</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sayan_alpine_meadows_and_tundra" title="Sayan alpine meadows and tundra">Sayan alpine meadows and tundra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Tibet_shrub_and_meadows" title="Southeast Tibet shrub and meadows">Southeast Tibet shrub and meadows</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_Range_alpine_meadows" title="Sulaiman Range alpine meadows">Sulaiman Range alpine meadows</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan_montane_steppe_and_meadows" title="Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows">Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau_alpine_shrublands_and_meadows" title="Tibetan Plateau alpine shrublands and meadows">Tibetan Plateau alpine shrublands and meadows</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Himalayan_alpine_shrub_and_meadows" title="Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows">Western Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yarlung_Zambo_arid_steppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarlung Zambo arid steppe">Yarlung Zambo arid steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1045256916" /><div class="navbar-header"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palearctic</a> <a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">tundra</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Palearctic_tundra" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Palearctic tundra"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Palearctic_tundra" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Palearctic tundra"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Palearctic_tundra" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Palearctic tundra"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arctic_desert" title="Arctic desert">Arctic desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> (<a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bering_tundra" title="Bering tundra">Bering tundra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cherskii%E2%80%93Kolyma_mountain_tundra" title="Cherskii–Kolyma mountain tundra">Cherskii–Kolyma mountain tundra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chukchi_Peninsula_tundra" title="Chukchi Peninsula tundra">Chukchi Peninsula tundra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Mountain_tundra_and_forest_tundra" title="Kamchatka Mountain tundra and forest tundra">Kamchatka Mountain tundra and forest tundra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kola_Peninsula_tundra" title="Kola Peninsula tundra">Kola Peninsula tundra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Siberian_coastal_tundra" title="Northeast Siberian coastal tundra">Northeast Siberian coastal tundra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Russian%E2%80%93Novaya_Zemlya_tundra" title="Northwest Russian–Novaya Zemlya tundra">Northwest Russian–Novaya Zemlya tundra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Siberian_Islands" title="New Siberian Islands">New Siberian Islands arctic desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_montane_birch_forest_and_grasslands" title="Scandinavian montane birch forest and grasslands">Scandinavian montane birch forest and grasslands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taimyr%E2%80%93Central_Siberian_tundra" title="Taimyr–Central Siberian tundra">Taimyr–Central Siberian tundra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Trans-Baikal_Bald_Mountain_tundra" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-Baikal Bald Mountain tundra">Trans-Baikal Bald Mountain tundra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wrangel_Island_arctic_desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrangel Island arctic desert">Wrangel Island arctic desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yamalagydanskaja_tundra" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamalagydanskaja tundra">Yamalagydanskaja tundra</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1045256916" /><div class="navbar-header"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palearctic</a> <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_forests,_woodlands,_and_scrub" title="Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub">Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Palearctic_mediterranean_forests,_woodlands,_and_scrub" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Palearctic mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Palearctic_mediterranean_forests,_woodlands,_and_scrub" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Palearctic mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Palearctic_mediterranean_forests,_woodlands,_and_scrub" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Palearctic mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aegean_and_Western_Turkey_sclerophyllous_and_mixed_forests" title="Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests">Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_conifer_and_deciduous_mixed_forests" title="Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests">Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands_dry_woodlands_and_forests" title="Canary Islands dry woodlands and forests">Canary Islands dry woodlands and forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Corsican_montane_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests" title="Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests">Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Crete_Mediterranean_forests" title="Crete Mediterranean forests">Crete Mediterranean forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Mediterranean_forests" title="Cyprus Mediterranean forests">Cyprus Mediterranean forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean_conifer%E2%80%93sclerophyllous%E2%80%93broadleaf_forests" title="Eastern Mediterranean conifer–sclerophyllous–broadleaf forests">Eastern Mediterranean conifer–sclerophyllous–broadleaf forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iberian_conifer_forests" title="Iberian conifer forests">Iberian conifer forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iberian_sclerophyllous_and_semi-deciduous_forests" title="Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests">Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_deciduous_forests" title="Illyrian deciduous forests">Illyrian deciduous forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italian_sclerophyllous_and_semi-deciduous_forests" title="Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests">Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_acacia-argania_dry_woodlands_and_succulent_thickets" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets">Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_dry_woodlands_and_steppe" title="Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe">Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_woodlands_and_forests" title="Mediterranean woodlands and forests">Mediterranean woodlands and forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Spain_and_Southern_France_Mediterranean_forests" title="Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests">Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Iberian_montane_forests" title="Northwest Iberian montane forests">Northwest Iberian montane forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pindus_Mountains_mixed_forests" title="Pindus Mountains mixed forests">Pindus Mountains mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Apennine_mixed_montane_forests" title="South Apennine mixed montane forests">South Apennine mixed montane forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Iberian_shrubs_and_woodlands" title="Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands">Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Anatolian_montane_conifer_and_deciduous_forests" title="Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests">Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Iberian_Mediterranean_sclerophyllous_and_mixed_forests" title="Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests">Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian%E2%80%93Adriatic_sclerophyllous_and_mixed_forests" title="Tyrrhenian–Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests">Tyrrhenian–Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="width:70%; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background:lightgreen;"><a href="/wiki/Palearctic" class="mw-redirect" title="Palearctic">Palearctic</a> <a href="/wiki/Deserts_and_xeric_shrublands" title="Deserts and xeric shrublands">deserts and xeric shrublands</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Mountains_semi-desert" title="Afghan Mountains semi-desert">Afghan Mountains semi-desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alashan_Plateau_semi-desert" title="Alashan Plateau semi-desert">Alashan Plateau semi-desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Desert" title="Arabian Desert">Arabian Desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_coastal_desert" title="Atlantic coastal desert">Atlantic coastal desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_shrub_desert_and_steppe" title="Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe">Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Badghyz_and_Karabil_semi-desert" title="Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert">Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Baluchistan_xeric_woodlands" title="Baluchistan xeric woodlands">Baluchistan xeric woodlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Caspian_lowland_desert" title="Caspian lowland desert">Caspian lowland desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Afghan_Mountains_xeric_woodlands" title="Central Afghan Mountains xeric woodlands">Central Afghan Mountains xeric woodlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_northern_desert" title="Central Asian northern desert">Central Asian northern desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_riparian_woodlands" title="Central Asian riparian woodlands">Central Asian riparian woodlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_southern_desert" title="Central Asian southern desert">Central Asian southern desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Persian_desert_basins" title="Central Persian desert basins">Central Persian desert basins</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Gobi_desert_steppe" title="Eastern Gobi desert steppe">Eastern Gobi desert steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gobi_Lakes_Valley_desert_steppe" title="Gobi Lakes Valley desert steppe">Gobi Lakes Valley desert steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Basin_desert_steppe" title="Great Lakes Basin desert steppe">Great Lakes Basin desert steppe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dzungaria" title="Dzungaria">Junggar Basin semi-desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_semi-desert" title="Kazakh semi-desert">Kazakh semi-desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kopet_Dag_semi-desert" title="Kopet Dag semi-desert">Kopet Dag semi-desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_shrub_desert" title="Mesopotamian shrub desert">Mesopotamian shrub desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Saharan_steppe_and_woodlands" title="North Saharan steppe and woodlands">North Saharan steppe and woodlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paropamisus_xeric_woodlands" title="Paropamisus xeric woodlands">Paropamisus xeric woodlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_desert_and_semi-desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Gulf desert and semi-desert">Persian Gulf desert and semi-desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Qaidam_Basin_semi-desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaidam Basin semi-desert">Qaidam Basin semi-desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_coastal_desert" title="Red Sea coastal desert">Red Sea coastal desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea_Nubo%E2%80%93Sindian_tropical_desert_and_semi-desert" title="Red Sea Nubo–Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert">Red Sea Nubo–Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Registan%E2%80%93North_Pakistan_sandy_desert" title="Registan–North Pakistan sandy desert">Registan–North Pakistan sandy desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sahara_desert_(ecoregion)" title="Sahara desert (ecoregion)">Sahara desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Iran_Nubo%E2%80%93Sindian_desert_and_semi-desert" title="South Iran Nubo–Sindian desert and semi-desert">South Iran Nubo–Sindian desert and semi-desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Saharan_steppe_and_woodlands" title="South Saharan steppe and woodlands">South Saharan steppe and woodlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taklamakan_Desert" title="Taklamakan Desert">Taklimakan desert</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tibesti%E2%80%93Jebel_Uweinat_montane_xeric_woodlands" title="Tibesti–Jebel Uweinat montane xeric woodlands">Tibesti–Jebel Uweinat montane xeric woodlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Saharan_montane_xeric_woodlands" title="West Saharan montane xeric woodlands">West Saharan montane xeric woodlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palearctic_realm&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSclater1858" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Sclater" title="Philip Sclater">Sclater, Philip Lutley</a> (1858). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2240015">"On the general geographical distribution of the members of the class Aves"</a>. <i>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</i>. <b>2</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">130–</span>145. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1096-3642.1858.tb02549.x">10.1111/j.1096-3642.1858.tb02549.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zoological+Journal+of+the+Linnean+Society&rft.atitle=On+the+general+geographical+distribution+of+the+members+of+the+class+Aves&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E130-%3C%2Fspan%3E145&rft.date=1858&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1096-3642.1858.tb02549.x&rft.aulast=Sclater&rft.aufirst=Philip+Lutley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F2240015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalearctic+realm" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Olson2001-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Olson2001_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., Burgess, N. D., Powell, G. V. N., Underwood, E. C., D'Amico, J. A., Itoua, I., Strand, H. E., Morrison, J. C., Loucks, C. J., Allnutt, T. F., Ricketts, T. H., Kura, Y., Lamoreux, J. F., Wettengel, W. W., Hedao, P., Kassem, K. R. (2001). Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth. <i>Bioscience</i> 51(11):933–938, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://wolfweb.unr.edu/~ldyer/classes/396/olsonetal.pdf">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120917072415/http://wolfweb.unr.edu/~ldyer/classes/396/olsonetal.pdf">Archived</a> 2012-09-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eric Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix014">[2]</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_references">General references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palearctic_realm&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: General references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Amorosi, T. "Contributions to the zooarchaeology of Iceland: some preliminary notes" in <i>The Anthropology of Iceland</i> (eds. E.P. Durrenberger & G. Pálsson). Iowa City: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa_Press" title="University of Iowa Press">University of Iowa Press</a>, pp. 203–227, 1989.</li> <li>Buckland, P.C., et al. "Holt in Eyjafjasveit, Iceland: a paleoecological study of the impact of Landnám" in <i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Archaeologica" title="Acta Archaeologica">Acta Archaeologica</a></i> 61: pp. 252–271. 1991.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.Merriam-Webster.com">http://www.Merriam-Webster.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.Canadianbiodiversity.mcgill.ca">http://www.Canadianbiodiversity.mcgill.ca</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/ecozones/Palearctic_ecozone">http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/ecozones/Palearctic_ecozone</a></li> <li>Edmund Burke III, "The Transformation of the middle Eastern Environment, 1500 B.C.E.–2000 C.E." in <i>The Environment and World History</i>, ed. Edmund Burke III and Kenneth Pomeranz. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2009, 82–84.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palearctic_realm&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Palearctic" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Palearctic">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Eurasian_wildlife" class="extiw" title="voy:Eurasian wildlife">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avionary.info">Avionary</a> 1500 Bird species of the Western and Central Palaearctic in 46 languages</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060614215124/http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/where_we_work/ecoregions/maps/index.cfm">Map of the ecozones</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output 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title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Biomes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Biomes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Biogeographic_regionalisations145" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Biogeography#Biogeographic_regionalisations" title="Biogeography">Biogeographic regionalisations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0f0f0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biome" title="Biome">Biomes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;background:#329B32;">Terrestrial<br />biomes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#90A010;">Polar/montane</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra">Tundra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga">Taiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montane_grasslands_and_shrublands" title="Montane grasslands and shrublands">Montane grasslands and shrublands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_tundra" title="Alpine tundra">Alpine tundra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightgreen;">Temperate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temperate_coniferous_forest" title="Temperate coniferous forest">Coniferous forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forests" title="Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests">Broadleaf and mixed forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperate_deciduous_forest" title="Temperate deciduous forest">Deciduous forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperate_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands" title="Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands">Grasslands, savannas, and shrublands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#20A010;">Tropical and<br /> <a href="/wiki/Subtropics" title="Subtropics">subtropical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest" title="Tropical rainforest">Tropical rainforest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_coniferous_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests">Coniferous forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_moist_broadleaf_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests">Moist broadleaf forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_dry_broadleaf_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests">Dry broadleaf forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands" title="Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands">Grasslands, savannas, and shrublands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CFDC60;">Dry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_forests,_woodlands,_and_scrub" title="Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub">Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deserts_and_xeric_shrublands" title="Deserts and xeric shrublands">Deserts and xeric shrublands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">Steppe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:mediumseagreen;">Wet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flooded_grasslands_and_savannas" title="Flooded grasslands and savannas">Flooded grasslands and savannas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riparian_zone" title="Riparian zone">Riparian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">Wetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">Mangrove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;background:#55AAFF;">Aquatic<br />biomes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pond" title="Pond">Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littoral_zone" title="Littoral zone">Littoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intertidal_zone" title="Intertidal zone">Intertidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">Mangroves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelp_forest" title="Kelp forest">Kelp forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">Coral reefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neritic_zone" title="Neritic zone">Neritic zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagic_zone" title="Pelagic zone">Pelagic zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benthic_zone" title="Benthic zone">Benthic zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent" title="Hydrothermal vent">Hydrothermal vents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_seep" title="Cold seep">Cold seeps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demersal_zone" title="Demersal zone">Demersal zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;background:silver;">Other biomes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endolith" title="Endolith">Endolithic zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0f0f0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biogeographic_realm" title="Biogeographic realm">Biogeographic <br /> realms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;background:#329B32;">Terrestrial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrotropical_realm" title="Afrotropical realm">Afrotropical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_realm" title="Antarctic realm">Antarctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australasian_realm" title="Australasian realm">Australasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holarctic_realm" title="Holarctic realm">Holarctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indomalayan_realm" title="Indomalayan realm">Indomalayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nearctic_realm" title="Nearctic realm">Nearctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotropical_realm" title="Neotropical realm">Neotropical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_realm" title="Oceanian realm">Oceanian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palearctic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;background:#55AAFF;">Marine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Antarctic/Southern Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_realm" title="Arctic realm">Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Indo-Pacific" title="Central Indo-Pacific">Central Indo-Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Indo-Pacific" title="Eastern Indo-Pacific">Eastern Indo-Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperate_Australasia" title="Temperate Australasia">Temperate Australasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperate_Northern_Atlantic" title="Temperate Northern Atlantic">Temperate Northern Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperate_Northern_Pacific" title="Temperate Northern Pacific">Temperate Northern Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperate_South_America" title="Temperate South America">Temperate South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperate_Southern_Africa" title="Temperate Southern Africa">Temperate Southern Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Atlantic" title="Tropical Atlantic">Tropical Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Eastern_Pacific" title="Tropical Eastern Pacific">Tropical Eastern Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Indo-Pacific" title="Western Indo-Pacific">Western Indo-Pacific</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biogeographic_provinces" title="List of biogeographic provinces">Biogeographic provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioregion" title="Bioregion">Bioregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">Ecoregions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_ecoregions" title="Lists of ecoregions">Lists of ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_200" title="Global 200">Global 200 ecoregions</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#f0f0f0;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation" title="Altitudinal zonation">Altitudinal zonation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_land_classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecological land classification">Ecological land classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floristic_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Floristic kingdom">Floristic kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetation_classification" title="Vegetation classification">Vegetation classifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoogeographic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoogeographic region">Zoogeographic regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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