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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manufacture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Manufacture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Manufacture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Manufacture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Manufacture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Manufacture_of_Indian_morchang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacture_of_Indian_morchang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Manufacture of Indian morchang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manufacture_of_Indian_morchang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brass" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brass"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Brass</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brass-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Use</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Use subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cambodian_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cambodian_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Cambodian music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cambodian_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Indian music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Russian music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nepali_tradition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nepali_tradition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Nepali tradition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nepali_tradition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Murchunga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Murchunga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.1</span> <span>Murchunga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Murchunga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Binayo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Binayo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.2</span> <span>Binayo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Binayo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkic_traditional_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkic_traditional_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Turkic traditional music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkic_traditional_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kyrgyz_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kyrgyz_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.1</span> <span>Kyrgyz music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kyrgyz_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkish_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkish_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5.2</span> <span>Turkish music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkish_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sindhi_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sindhi_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Sindhi music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sindhi_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sicilian_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sicilian_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Sicilian music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sicilian_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Austrian_Jew's_harp_playing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austrian_Jew's_harp_playing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Austrian Jew's harp playing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austrian_Jew's_harp_playing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_classical_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_classical_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>Western classical music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_classical_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10</span> <span>Western music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>General and cited references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jew's harp</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 73 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maultrommel" title="Maultrommel – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Maultrommel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="قيثار اليهودي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قيثار اليهودي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%9F%C4%B1z_qopuzu" title="Ağız qopuzu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ağız qopuzu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%88" title="آغیز قوپوزو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آغیز قوپوزو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE" title="চোয়ালের বীণা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চোয়ালের বীণা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Варган – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Варган" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Дръмбой – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дръмбой" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guimbarda" title="Guimbarda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guimbarda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brumle" title="Brumle – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Brumle" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riberbula" title="Riberbula – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Riberbula" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B8deharpe" title="Jødeharpe – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jødeharpe" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maultrommel" title="Maultrommel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Maultrommel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parmupill" title="Parmupill – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Parmupill" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arpa_de_boca" title="Arpa de boca – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arpa de boca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%9Dharpo" title="Buŝharpo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Buŝharpo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musugitarra" title="Musugitarra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Musugitarra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9_(%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2)" title="زنبورک (ساز) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زنبورک (ساز)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guimbarde_(instrument)" title="Guimbarde (instrument) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guimbarde (instrument)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tromb-be%C3%B2il" title="Tromb-beòil – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Tromb-beòil" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birimbao_(instrumento_musical)" title="Birimbao (instrumento musical) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Birimbao (instrumento musical)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%A6%88%ED%95%98%ED%94%84" title="주즈하프 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주즈하프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drombulja" title="Drombulja – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Drombulja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimbardo" title="Gimbardo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gimbardo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genggong" title="Genggong – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Genggong" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gy%C3%B0ingaharpa" title="Gyðingaharpa – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gyðingaharpa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scacciapensieri" title="Scacciapensieri – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scacciapensieri" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%9C_%D7%A4%D7%94" title="נבל פה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נבל פה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ვარგანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვარგანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D2%A3%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Шаңқобыз – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шаңқобыз" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Варган – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Варган" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BE%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Ооз комуз – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ооз комуз" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varg%C4%81ns" title="Vargāns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vargāns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maultrommel" title="Maultrommel – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Maultrommel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dambrelis" title="Dambrelis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dambrelis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanfornia" title="Sanfornia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Sanfornia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebeba" title="Rebeba – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Rebeba" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doromb" title="Doromb – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Doromb" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genggong" title="Genggong – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Genggong" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%BB_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80" title="Хэл хуур – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хэл хуур" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondharp" title="Mondharp – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mondharp" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E7%90%B4" title="口琴 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="口琴" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marranzano" title="Marranzano – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Marranzano" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munnharpe" title="Munnharpe – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Munnharpe" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munnharpe" title="Munnharpe – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Munnharpe" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changqo%CA%BBbiz" title="Changqoʻbiz – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Changqoʻbiz" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiftif" title="Tiftif – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Tiftif" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumla" title="Drumla – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Drumla" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berimbau_de_boca" title="Berimbau de boca – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Berimbau de boca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%A2mb%C4%83" title="Drâmbă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Drâmbă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Варган – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Варган" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81" title="Хомус – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Хомус" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/tubtub" title="tubtub – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="tubtub" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qowqaw" title="Qowqaw – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Qowqaw" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marranzanu" title="Marranzanu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Marranzanu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jew%27s_harp" title="Jew's harp – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jew's harp" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumb%C4%BEa" title="Drumbľa – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Drumbľa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumlica" title="Drumlica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Drumlica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drombulje" title="Drombulje – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Drombulje" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munniharppu" title="Munniharppu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Munniharppu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mungiga" title="Mungiga – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mungiga" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D" title="மோர்சிங் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மோர்சிங்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7_(%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BC%D3%99_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B)" title="Кубыз (чиртмә телле уен коралы) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кубыз (чиртмә телле уен коралы)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/lubuw" title="lubuw – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="lubuw" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="จ้องหน่อง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จ้องหน่อง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%9F%C4%B1z_kopuzu" title="Ağız kopuzu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ağız kopuzu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81" title="Хомус – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Хомус" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Дримба – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дримба" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reb%C3%A8ba" title="Rebèba – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Rebèba" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parmupill" title="Parmupill – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Parmupill" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turompa" title="Turompa – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Turompa" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E7%B0%A7%E7%90%B4" title="口簧琴 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="口簧琴" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E7%B0%A7%E7%90%B4" title="口簧琴 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="口簧琴" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E7%B0%A7%E7%90%B4" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Lamellophone instrument</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Jew's harp</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jew%27s_harp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Jew%27s_harp.jpg/250px-Jew%27s_harp.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Jew%27s_harp.jpg/375px-Jew%27s_harp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Jew%27s_harp.jpg/500px-Jew%27s_harp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A novelty Jew’s harp sold in the U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">Jew's harp, jaw harp, mouth harp, Ozark harp, juice harp, murchunga, guimbarde, mungiga, vargan, trompe, isitolotolo</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument_classification" title="Musical instrument classification">Classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamellophone" title="Lamellophone">Lamellophone</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hornbostel%E2%80%93Sachs" title="Hornbostel–Sachs">Hornbostel–Sachs classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left">121.22<br />(Heteroglot guimbarde (the lamella is attached to the frame))</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:"><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Related instruments</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0n_m%C3%B4i" title="Đàn môi">đàn môi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubing" title="Kubing">kubing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kouxian" title="Kouxian">kouxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morsing" title="Morsing">morsing</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:">Sound sample</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span></span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/60px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/120px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Munniharppu_%C3%A4%C3%A4nin%C3%A4yte.ogg" title="File:Munniharppu ääninäyte.ogg">Munniharppu, Finnish instrument</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="13" data-mwtitle="Munniharppu_ääninäyte.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source 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See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132" /><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/60px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/120px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamus.ogg" title="File:Kamus.ogg">Kamus, instrument of the Altai people</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="15" data-mwtitle="Kamus.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Kamus.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Kamus.ogg/Kamus.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:382px;max-width:382px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamuz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Kamuz.jpg/150px-Kamuz.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Kamuz.jpg/225px-Kamuz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Kamuz.jpg/300px-Kamuz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1170" data-file-height="420" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Altai_people" title="Altai people">Altai</a> <i>khomus</i>/<i>kamus</i></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE.JPG/250px-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE.JPG/330px-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2520" data-file-height="967" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Gogona</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:72px;max-width:72px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S%C5%82owacka_drumla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/S%C5%82owacka_drumla.jpg/120px-S%C5%82owacka_drumla.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/S%C5%82owacka_drumla.jpg/250px-S%C5%82owacka_drumla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1439" data-file-height="2287" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Slovak "drumbľa"</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Jew's harp</b>, also known as <b>jaw harp</b>, <b>juice harp</b>, or <b>mouth harp</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Lamellophone" title="Lamellophone">lamellophone</a> instrument, consisting of a flexible <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a> tongue or <a href="/wiki/Reed_(mouthpiece)" title="Reed (mouthpiece)">reed</a> attached to a frame. Despite the colloquial name, the Jew's harp most likely originated in <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>, specifically in or around the <a href="/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains">Altai Mountains</a>, and is of <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> origin. It has no relation to the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish people">Jewish people</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jew's harps may be categorized as idioglot or heteroglot (whether or not the frame and the tine are one piece); by the shape of the frame (rod or plaque); by the number of tines, and whether the tines are plucked, joint-tapped, or string-pulled. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The frame is held firmly against the performer's parted teeth or lips (depending on the type), using the mouth (plus the throat and lungs when breathing freely) as a <a href="/wiki/Resonator#Acoustic" title="Resonator">resonator</a>, greatly increasing the volume of the instrument. The teeth must be parted sufficiently for the reed to vibrate freely, and the fleshy parts of the mouth should not come into contact with the reed to prevent damping of the vibrations and possible pain. The note or tone thus produced is constant in <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitch</a>, though by changing the shape of the mouth, and the amount of air contained in it (and in some traditions closing the <a href="/wiki/Glottis" title="Glottis">glottis</a>), the performer can cause different <a href="/wiki/Overtone" title="Overtone">overtones</a> to sound and thus create <a href="/wiki/Melody" title="Melody">melodies</a>. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition"><i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i> Eleventh Edition</a>, "The vibrations of the steel tongue produce a compound sound composed of a <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_frequency" title="Fundamental frequency">fundamental</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Harmonic_series_(music)" title="Harmonic series (music)">harmonics</a>. By using the cavity of the mouth as a <a href="/wiki/Acoustic_resonance" title="Acoustic resonance">resonator</a>, each harmonic in succession can be isolated and reinforced, giving the instrument the compass shown." </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Britannica_Jew%27s_harp_Range.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Britannica_Jew%27s_harp_Range.png/300px-Britannica_Jew%27s_harp_Range.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Britannica_Jew%27s_harp_Range.png/450px-Britannica_Jew%27s_harp_Range.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Britannica_Jew%27s_harp_Range.png/600px-Britannica_Jew%27s_harp_Range.png 2x" data-file-width="1076" data-file-height="206" /></a><figcaption>The range of a tenor Jew's harp <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c4\/Britannica_Jew%27s_harp_Range.mid\/Britannica_Jew%27s_harp_Range.mid.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Play range as string harmonics"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Britannica Jew's harp Range.mid"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/Britannica_Jew%27s_harp_Range.mid/Britannica_Jew%27s_harp_Range.mid.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Play range as string harmonics</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Britannica_Jew%27s_harp_Range.mid" title="File:Britannica Jew's harp Range.mid">ⓘ</a></sup></span></figcaption></figure> <p>"The lower harmonics of the series cannot be obtained, owing to the limited capacity of the resonating cavity. The black notes on the stave show the scale which may be produced by using two harps, one tuned a fourth above the other. The player on the Jew's harp, in order to isolate the harmonics, frames his mouth as though intending to pronounce the various vowels."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlesinger1911_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlesinger1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See: <a href="/wiki/Bugle_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Bugle scale">bugle scale</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%99%B6%E5%AF%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%A3%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%B4,_2022-07-09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%E9%99%B6%E5%AF%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%A3%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%B4%2C_2022-07-09.jpg/220px-%E9%99%B6%E5%AF%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%A3%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%B4%2C_2022-07-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%E9%99%B6%E5%AF%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%A3%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%B4%2C_2022-07-09.jpg/330px-%E9%99%B6%E5%AF%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%A3%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%B4%2C_2022-07-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/%E9%99%B6%E5%AF%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%A3%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%B4%2C_2022-07-09.jpg/440px-%E9%99%B6%E5%AF%BA%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%8F%A3%E5%BC%A6%E7%90%B4%2C_2022-07-09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4742" data-file-height="3166" /></a><figcaption>Jew's harp (<i>kouxian</i>) from the <a href="/wiki/Taosi" title="Taosi">Taosi</a> site in <a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, dated to around 2000 BC</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angel_playing_jaws_harp_Minstrels%27_Gallery,_Exeter_Cathedral_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5489634.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Angel_playing_jaws_harp_Minstrels%27_Gallery%2C_Exeter_Cathedral_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5489634.jpg/170px-Angel_playing_jaws_harp_Minstrels%27_Gallery%2C_Exeter_Cathedral_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5489634.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Angel_playing_jaws_harp_Minstrels%27_Gallery%2C_Exeter_Cathedral_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5489634.jpg/255px-Angel_playing_jaws_harp_Minstrels%27_Gallery%2C_Exeter_Cathedral_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5489634.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Angel_playing_jaws_harp_Minstrels%27_Gallery%2C_Exeter_Cathedral_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5489634.jpg/340px-Angel_playing_jaws_harp_Minstrels%27_Gallery%2C_Exeter_Cathedral_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5489634.jpg 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="841" /></a><figcaption>Angel playing a Jew's harp at the Minstrels' Gallery at <a href="/wiki/Exeter_Cathedral" title="Exeter Cathedral">Exeter Cathedral</a>, 13th/14th Century.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_Man_with_Jew%27s_Harp_by_Dirck_van_Baburen_Centraal_Museum_11188.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Young_Man_with_Jew%27s_Harp_by_Dirck_van_Baburen_Centraal_Museum_11188.jpg/250px-Young_Man_with_Jew%27s_Harp_by_Dirck_van_Baburen_Centraal_Museum_11188.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Young_Man_with_Jew%27s_Harp_by_Dirck_van_Baburen_Centraal_Museum_11188.jpg/330px-Young_Man_with_Jew%27s_Harp_by_Dirck_van_Baburen_Centraal_Museum_11188.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Young_Man_with_Jew%27s_Harp_by_Dirck_van_Baburen_Centraal_Museum_11188.jpg/500px-Young_Man_with_Jew%27s_Harp_by_Dirck_van_Baburen_Centraal_Museum_11188.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2916" data-file-height="3649" /></a><figcaption><i>Young Man with joodse harp</i> by <a href="/wiki/Dirck_van_Baburen" title="Dirck van Baburen">Dirck van Baburen</a>, 1621</figcaption></figure> <p>Jaw harps have been discovered in <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi,_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaanxi, China">Shaanxi, China</a>, dating back about 4000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-y998_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-y998-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest depiction of somebody playing what seems to be a Jew's harp is a Chinese drawing from the 3rd century BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalGeographic_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalGeographic-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archaeological finds of surviving examples in Europe have been claimed to be almost as old, but those dates have been challenged both on the grounds of excavation techniques, and the lack of contemporary writing or pictures mentioning the instrument. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Although this instrument is used by lackeys and people of the lower class, this does not mean it is not worthy of consideration by better minds ... The trump is grasped while its extremity is placed between the teeth in order to play it and make it sound ... Now one may strike the tongue with the index finger in two ways, i.e., by lifting it or lowering it: but it is easier to strike it by raising it, which is why the extremity, C, is slightly curved, so that the finger is not injured ... Many people play this instrument. When the tongue is made to vibrate, a buzzing is heard which imitates that of bees, wasps, and flies ... [if one uses] several Jew's harps of various sizes, a curious harmony is produced.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Marin_Mersenne" title="Marin Mersenne">Marin Mersenne</a>, <i>Harmonie Universelle</i> (1636)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many theories for the origin of the name <i>jew's harp</i>. The apparent reference to Jewish people is especially misleading since it "has nothing to do with the Jewish people; neither does it look like a harp in its structure and appearance".<sup id="cite_ref-jews-harps.com_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jews-harps.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Sicilian it is translated as <span title="Sicilian-language text"><i lang="scn">marranzanu</i></span> or <span title="Sicilian-language text"><i lang="scn">mariolu</i></span>; both of which are derogatory terms for Jewish people also found in Italian<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Spanish.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In German, it is known as <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Maultrommel</i></span>, which translates directly to 'mouth drum'.<sup id="cite_ref-jews-harps.com_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jews-harps.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name "Jew's Harp" first appears in 1481 in a customs account book under the name "Jue harpes".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "jaw" variant is attested at least as early as 1774<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1809,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the "juice" variant appearing only in the late 19th and 20th centuries. </p><p>It has also been suggested that the name derives from the French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">jeu-trompe</i></span> meaning 'toy trumpet'.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current French word for the instrument is <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">guimbarde</i></span>. English etymologist <a href="/wiki/Hensleigh_Wedgwood" title="Hensleigh Wedgwood">Hensleigh Wedgwood</a> wrote in 1855 that the derivation from <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">jeu harpe</i></span> opposes the French idiom, where "if two substantives are joined together, the qualifying noun is invariably the last".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He refers to the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">jeu harpe</i></span> derivation, but not to the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">jeu tromp</i></span> derivation. </p><p>Both theories—that the name is a corruption of <i>jaws</i> or <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">jeu</i></span>—are described by the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> as "lacking any supporting evidence."<sup id="cite_ref-Université_Laval_-_Déconnexion_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Université_Laval_-_Déconnexion-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The OED says that, "more or less satisfactory reasons may be conjectured: e.g., that the instrument was actually made, sold, or imported to England by Jewish people, or purported to be so; or that it was attributed to Jewish people, suggesting the trumps and harps mentioned in the Bible, and hence considered a good commercial name."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the OED states that "the association of the instrument with Jewish people occurs, so far as is known, only in English",<sup id="cite_ref-Université_Laval_-_Déconnexion_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Université_Laval_-_Déconnexion-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the term <span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">jødeharpe</i></span> is also used in Danish.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manufacture">Manufacture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Manufacture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manufacture_of_Indian_morchang">Manufacture of Indian morchang</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Manufacture of Indian morchang"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Indian <a href="/wiki/Morsing" title="Morsing">morchangs</a> are made in many metals but mainly in brass, iron, copper and silver. Different types of construction art are used for the construction of Morchang in each metal.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herstellungsschritte_beim_Bau_von_Rahmen_und_Zunge_der_Maultrommel.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Herstellungsschritte_beim_Bau_von_Rahmen_und_Zunge_der_Maultrommel.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Herstellungsschritte_beim_Bau_von_Rahmen_und_Zunge_der_Maultrommel.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Herstellungsschritte_beim_Bau_von_Rahmen_und_Zunge_der_Maultrommel.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Herstellungsschritte_beim_Bau_von_Rahmen_und_Zunge_der_Maultrommel.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Herstellungsschritte_beim_Bau_von_Rahmen_und_Zunge_der_Maultrommel.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Herstellungsschritte_beim_Bau_von_Rahmen_und_Zunge_der_Maultrommel.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2442" data-file-height="1718" /></a><figcaption>Production of Mollner jew's harps. Work steps: (A) Bending the square metal wire, (B) cutting, hammering and hardening the vibrating tongue, (C) hammering the parts together with the dengel hammer, (D) assembling the jew's harps according to pitch</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Brass">Brass</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Brass"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brass_jews_harp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Brass_jews_harp.jpg/250px-Brass_jews_harp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Brass_jews_harp.jpg/330px-Brass_jews_harp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Brass_jews_harp.jpg/500px-Brass_jews_harp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>Brass murchangs</figcaption></figure> <p>Brass murchangs are manufactured<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from ancient Indian manufacturing style brass metal casting. Brass molding is a process of shaping brass, into desired shapes using a mold. The brass is heated to a molten state and then poured or forced into the mold, where it cools and solidifies into the desired shape. Brass molding is often used to create intricate or complex shapes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pra%C5%BEsk%C3%BD_jarmark_365.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Pra%C5%BEsk%C3%BD_jarmark_365.jpg/220px-Pra%C5%BEsk%C3%BD_jarmark_365.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Pra%C5%BEsk%C3%BD_jarmark_365.jpg/330px-Pra%C5%BEsk%C3%BD_jarmark_365.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Pra%C5%BEsk%C3%BD_jarmark_365.jpg/440px-Pra%C5%BEsk%C3%BD_jarmark_365.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Man playing the Slovak <span title="Slovak-language text"><i lang="sk">drumbľa</i></span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jews%2BHarp%2B-%2B480.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Jews%2BHarp%2B-%2B480.jpg/220px-Jews%2BHarp%2B-%2B480.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Jews%2BHarp%2B-%2B480.jpg/330px-Jews%2BHarp%2B-%2B480.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Jews%2BHarp%2B-%2B480.jpg/440px-Jews%2BHarp%2B-%2B480.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="374" /></a><figcaption>Woman playing the Rajasthani <i>morchang</i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cambodian_music">Cambodian music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cambodian music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Angkuoch" title="Angkuoch">angkuoch</a> (Khmer: <span title="Khmer-language text"><span lang="km">អង្គួច</span></span>) is a Cambodian Jew's harp.<sup id="cite_ref-jewsharp_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewsharp-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a folk instrument made of bamboo and carved into a long, flat shape with a hole in the center and the tongue across the hole.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also a metal variety, more round or tree-leaf shaped.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may also have metal bells attached.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The instrument is both a wind instrument and percussion instrument.<sup id="cite_ref-jewsharp_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewsharp-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-unesco_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a wind instrument, it is placed against the mouth, which acts as a resonator and tool to alter the sound.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although mainly a folk instrument, better-made examples exist.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the instrument was thought to be the invention of children herding cattle, it is sometimes used in public performance, to accompany the <a href="/wiki/Mahori" title="Mahori">Mahori</a> music in public dancing.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco_21-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_music">Indian music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Indian music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The instrument is used as part of the rhythm section in various styles of Indian folk and classical music. Most notably the <a href="/wiki/Morsing" title="Morsing">Morsing</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic music</a> of South India,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the <i>Morchang</i> in the folk music of <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_music">Russian music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Russian music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Russia, the instrument has its own brand called <i>vargan</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-t301_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t301-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Jew's harp was excavated in a 9th-century burial mound in Idelbayev, <a href="/wiki/Bashkortostan" title="Bashkortostan">Bashkortostan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Jew's harp was banned in the USSR during the regime of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> due to its closeness to <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nepali_tradition">Nepali tradition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Nepali tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Murchunga">Murchunga</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Murchunga"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Murchunga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Murchunga.jpg/250px-Murchunga.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Murchunga.jpg/330px-Murchunga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Murchunga.jpg/500px-Murchunga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="529" /></a><figcaption>Brass <span title="Nepali (macrolanguage)-language romanization"><i lang="ne-Latn">murchunga</i></span>, unknown maker. Length: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>11 cm (<span class="frac">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> inches)</figcaption></figure> <p>In Nepal, one type of Jew's harp is named the <span title="Nepali (macrolanguage)-language romanization"><i lang="ne-Latn">murchunga</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>: <span title="Nepali (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ne">मुर्चुङ्गा</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-museum_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-museum-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is very similar to an Indian <i>morsing</i> or <i>morchang</i> in that the tongue (or twanger) extends beyond the frame, thus giving the instrument more sustain.<sup id="cite_ref-Konemann_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Konemann-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Binayo">Binayo</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Binayo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <span title="Nepali (macrolanguage)-language romanization"><i lang="ne-Latn">binayo</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a> <span title="Nepali (macrolanguage)-language text"><span lang="ne">बिनायो बाजा</span></span>) is a bamboo Jew's harp, in the <a href="/wiki/Kiranti" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiranti">Kiranti</a> musical tradition from Malingo. It is popular in the Eastern Himalayan region of <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darjeeling" title="Darjeeling">Darjeeling</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>. It is a wind instrument played by blowing the air without tuning the node with fingers. The <span title="Nepali (macrolanguage)-language romanization"><i lang="ne-Latn">binayo</i></span> is six inches long and one inch in width.<sup id="cite_ref-MyUser_Schoolgk.com_April_27_2016c_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MyUser_Schoolgk.com_April_27_2016c-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkic_traditional_music">Turkic traditional music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Turkic traditional music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Music_in_the_Tuva_Republic" title="Music in the Tuva Republic">Music in the Tuva Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_in_the_Sakha_Republic" title="Music in the Sakha Republic">Music in the Sakha Republic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wooden_jaw_harp" title="Wooden jaw harp">Wooden jaw harp</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kyrgyz_music">Kyrgyz music</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Kyrgyz music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Temir_komuz" title="Temir komuz">temir komuz</a></i> is made of iron, usually with a length of 100–200 mm and with a width of approximately 2–7 mm. The range of the instrument varies with the size of the instrument but generally hovers around an <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octave</a> span. The <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz people</a> are exceptionally proficient on the instrument and it is quite popular among children, although some adults continue to play the instrument.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <i>Temir komuz</i> pieces were notated by <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Zatayevich" title="Aleksandr Zatayevich">Aleksandr Zataevich</a> in two or three parts. An <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octave</a> <a href="/wiki/Drone_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drone (music)">drone</a> is possible, or even an <a href="/wiki/Ostinato" title="Ostinato">ostinato</a> alternating the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_step_(musical_scale)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth step (musical scale)">fifth</a> step of a <a href="/wiki/Musical_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical scale">scale</a> with an octave.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Turkish_music">Turkish music</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Turkish music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> In Turkish, the Jew's harp is called as ağız kopuzu.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Jew's harp traditionally used in Turkish folk songs from Anatolia has fallen out of use with time.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern renditions of Turkish folk songs with the Jew's harp have been done by artists such as <a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senem_Diyici" class="extiw" title="tr:Senem Diyici">Senem Diyici</a> in the song 'Dolama Dolamayı' and Ravan Yuzkhan.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demir-Xomus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Demir-Xomus.jpg/220px-Demir-Xomus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Demir-Xomus.jpg/330px-Demir-Xomus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Demir-Xomus.jpg/440px-Demir-Xomus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="419" /></a><figcaption><i>Demir-khomus</i> from <a href="/wiki/Tuva" title="Tuva">Tuva</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sindhi_music">Sindhi music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sindhi music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a> music, the Jew's harp is called <span title="Sindhi-language romanization"><i lang="sd-Latn">changu</i></span> (<span title="Sindhi-language text"><span lang="sd" dir="rtl">چنگُ</span></span>). In Sindhi music, it can be an accompaniment or the main instrument. One of the most famous players is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amir_Bux_Ruunjho_(Musician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amir Bux Ruunjho (Musician) (page does not exist)">Amir Bux Ruunjho</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sicilian_music">Sicilian music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sicilian music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_language" title="Sicilian language">Sicily</a>, the Jew's harp is commonly known as marranzanu, but other names include angalarruni, calarruni, gangalarruni, ganghilarruni, mariolu, mariolu di fera, marranzana, and ngannalarruni.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Siciliamo_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siciliamo-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Austrian_Jew's_harp_playing"><span id="Austrian_Jew.27s_harp_playing"></span>Austrian Jew's harp playing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Austrian Jew's harp playing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Austrian Jew's harp music uses typical Western <a href="/wiki/Harmony" title="Harmony">harmony</a>. The <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> has included Austrian Jew's harp playing in its <a href="/wiki/Intangible_Cultural_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="Intangible Cultural Heritage">Intangible Cultural Heritage</a> list.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Austria, the instrument is known as <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Maultrommel</i></span> (the literal translation is 'mouth drum'). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_classical_music">Western classical music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Western classical music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early representations of Jew's harps have appeared in Western churches since the fourteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Austrian composer <a href="/wiki/Albrechtsberger" class="mw-redirect" title="Albrechtsberger">Johann Albrechtsberger</a>—chiefly known today as a teacher of <a href="/wiki/Beethoven" class="mw-redirect" title="Beethoven">Beethoven</a>—wrote seven concerti for Jew's harp, <a href="/wiki/Mandora" title="Mandora">mandora</a>, and orchestra between 1769 and 1771. Four of them have survived, in the keys of F major, E-flat major, E major, and D major.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are based on the special use of the Jew's harp in Austrian folk music. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In the experimental period at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century there were very virtuoso instrumentalists on the mouth harp. Thus, for example, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Scheibler" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Heinrich Scheibler">Johann Heinrich Scheibler</a> was able to mount up to ten mouth harps on a support disc. He called the instrument "Aura". Each mouth harp was tuned to different basic tones, which made even <a href="/wiki/Diatonic_and_chromatic" title="Diatonic and chromatic">chromatic</a> sequences possible.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Walter Maurer, translated from German<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Well known performer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Koch_(musician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Koch (musician) (page does not exist)">Franz Koch</a> (1761–1831), discovered by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Great" title="Frederick the Great">Frederick the Great</a>, could play two Jew's harps at once, while the also well known performer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Eulenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Eulenstein (page does not exist)">Karl Eulenstein</a> (1802–1890) "invented a system of playing four at once, connecting them by silken strings in such a way that he could clasp all four with the lips, and strike all the four springs at the same time".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The American composer <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ives" title="Charles Ives">Charles Ives</a> wrote a part for Jew's harp in the <i>Washington's Birthday</i> movement of <i><a href="/wiki/A_Symphony:_New_England_Holidays" title="A Symphony: New England Holidays">A Symphony: New England Holidays</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_music">Western music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Western music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Klangdemonstration_Mollner_Maultrommel_-_Wechselspieltechnik_auf_den_T%C3%B6nen_c%2C_d%2C_g_mit_Spektrum_%28Spieler_Roland_Bades_in_Molln_-_Ober%C3%B6sterreich%29_DrTrumpet_2024-07-26.webm/220px--thumbnail.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="33" data-mwtitle="Klangdemonstration_Mollner_Maultrommel_-_Wechselspieltechnik_auf_den_Tönen_c,_d,_g_mit_Spektrum_(Spieler_Roland_Bades_in_Molln_-_Oberösterreich)_DrTrumpet_2024-07-26.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Klangdemonstration_Mollner_Maultrommel_-_Wechselspieltechnik_auf_den_T%C3%B6nen_c,_d,_g_mit_Spektrum_(Spieler_Roland_Bades_in_Molln_-_Ober%C3%B6sterreich)_DrTrumpet_2024-07-26.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/Klangdemonstration_Mollner_Maultrommel_-_Wechselspieltechnik_auf_den_T%C3%B6nen_c%2C_d%2C_g_mit_Spektrum_%28Spieler_Roland_Bades_in_Molln_-_Ober%C3%B6sterreich%29_DrTrumpet_2024-07-26.webm/Klangdemonstration_Mollner_Maultrommel_-_Wechselspieltechnik_auf_den_T%C3%B6nen_c%2C_d%2C_g_mit_Spektrum_%28Spieler_Roland_Bades_in_Molln_-_Ober%C3%B6sterreich%29_DrTrumpet_2024-07-26.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/Klangdemonstration_Mollner_Maultrommel_-_Wechselspieltechnik_auf_den_T%C3%B6nen_c%2C_d%2C_g_mit_Spektrum_%28Spieler_Roland_Bades_in_Molln_-_Ober%C3%B6sterreich%29_DrTrumpet_2024-07-26.webm/Klangdemonstration_Mollner_Maultrommel_-_Wechselspieltechnik_auf_den_T%C3%B6nen_c%2C_d%2C_g_mit_Spektrum_%28Spieler_Roland_Bades_in_Molln_-_Ober%C3%B6sterreich%29_DrTrumpet_2024-07-26.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/Klangdemonstration_Mollner_Maultrommel_-_Wechselspieltechnik_auf_den_T%C3%B6nen_c%2C_d%2C_g_mit_Spektrum_%28Spieler_Roland_Bades_in_Molln_-_Ober%C3%B6sterreich%29_DrTrumpet_2024-07-26.webm/Klangdemonstration_Mollner_Maultrommel_-_Wechselspieltechnik_auf_den_T%C3%B6nen_c%2C_d%2C_g_mit_Spektrum_%28Spieler_Roland_Bades_in_Molln_-_Ober%C3%B6sterreich%29_DrTrumpet_2024-07-26.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Klangdemonstration_Mollner_Maultrommel_-_Wechselspieltechnik_auf_den_T%C3%B6nen_c%2C_d%2C_g_mit_Spektrum_%28Spieler_Roland_Bades_in_Molln_-_Ober%C3%B6sterreich%29_DrTrumpet_2024-07-26.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/Klangdemonstration_Mollner_Maultrommel_-_Wechselspieltechnik_auf_den_T%C3%B6nen_c%2C_d%2C_g_mit_Spektrum_%28Spieler_Roland_Bades_in_Molln_-_Ober%C3%B6sterreich%29_DrTrumpet_2024-07-26.webm/Klangdemonstration_Mollner_Maultrommel_-_Wechselspieltechnik_auf_den_T%C3%B6nen_c%2C_d%2C_g_mit_Spektrum_%28Spieler_Roland_Bades_in_Molln_-_Ober%C3%B6sterreich%29_DrTrumpet_2024-07-26.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/Klangdemonstration_Mollner_Maultrommel_-_Wechselspieltechnik_auf_den_T%C3%B6nen_c%2C_d%2C_g_mit_Spektrum_%28Spieler_Roland_Bades_in_Molln_-_Ober%C3%B6sterreich%29_DrTrumpet_2024-07-26.webm/Klangdemonstration_Mollner_Maultrommel_-_Wechselspieltechnik_auf_den_T%C3%B6nen_c%2C_d%2C_g_mit_Spektrum_%28Spieler_Roland_Bades_in_Molln_-_Ober%C3%B6sterreich%29_DrTrumpet_2024-07-26.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/Klangdemonstration_Mollner_Maultrommel_-_Wechselspieltechnik_auf_den_T%C3%B6nen_c%2C_d%2C_g_mit_Spektrum_%28Spieler_Roland_Bades_in_Molln_-_Ober%C3%B6sterreich%29_DrTrumpet_2024-07-26.webm/Klangdemonstration_Mollner_Maultrommel_-_Wechselspieltechnik_auf_den_T%C3%B6nen_c%2C_d%2C_g_mit_Spektrum_%28Spieler_Roland_Bades_in_Molln_-_Ober%C3%B6sterreich%29_DrTrumpet_2024-07-26.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/Klangdemonstration_Mollner_Maultrommel_-_Wechselspieltechnik_auf_den_T%C3%B6nen_c%2C_d%2C_g_mit_Spektrum_%28Spieler_Roland_Bades_in_Molln_-_Ober%C3%B6sterreich%29_DrTrumpet_2024-07-26.webm/Klangdemonstration_Mollner_Maultrommel_-_Wechselspieltechnik_auf_den_T%C3%B6nen_c%2C_d%2C_g_mit_Spektrum_%28Spieler_Roland_Bades_in_Molln_-_Ober%C3%B6sterreich%29_DrTrumpet_2024-07-26.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Sound demonstration and spectrum of the Mollner Jew's harp (Austria) – alternating technique on the notes C, D, G</figcaption></figure> <p>The Jew's harp has been used occasionally in rock and country music. For example: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canned_Heat" title="Canned Heat">Canned Heat</a>'s multi-part piece "Parthenogenesis", from their 1968 studio album, <i><a href="/wiki/Living_the_Blues" title="Living the Blues">Living the Blues</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sabbath" title="Black Sabbath">Black Sabbath</a> – "Sleeping Village"<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a> – "<a href="/wiki/Join_Together_(The_Who_song)" title="Join Together (The Who song)">Join Together</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Young" title="Neil Young">Neil Young</a> - "Get Back To the Country"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jew%27s_harp_music" title="Jew's harp music">Jew's harp music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Central_Asia" title="Music of Central Asia">Music of Central Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sicily#Traditional_music" title="Music of Sicily">Traditional music of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berimbau" title="Berimbau">Berimbau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0n_m%C3%B4i" title="Đàn môi">Đàn môi</a>, another kind of Jew's harp from <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogona" title="Gogona">Gogona</a>, a similar instrument played by <a href="/wiki/Assamese_people" title="Assamese people">Assamese people</a> (especially women) while singing and dancing <a href="/wiki/Bihu" title="Bihu">Bihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karinding" title="Karinding">Karinding</a>, a Sundanese traditional musical instrument from <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kouxian" title="Kouxian">Kouxian</a>, the Chinese version</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubing" title="Kubing">Kubing</a>, a bamboo Jew's harp from the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morsing" title="Morsing">Morsing</a>, Carnatic Jew's harp</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukkuri" title="Mukkuri">Mukkuri</a>, a traditional bamboo instrument of the <a href="/wiki/Ainu_people" title="Ainu people">Ainu</a> of Japan, similar to a Jew's harp</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_bow" title="Musical bow">Musical bow</a>, a one-string harp that is played with mouth resonance</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperheugh" title="Piperheugh">Piperheugh</a>, a village in which trumps were once made</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isitolotolo" title="Isitolotolo">Isitolotolo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Other names for the instrument include <b>ağız kopuzu</b> (Turkey), <b>angkuoch</b> (Cambodia), <b>brumle</b> (Czech), <b>changu</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a>), <b><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0n_m%C3%B4i" title="Đàn môi">đàn môi</a></b> (Vietnam), <b>doromb</b> (Hungary), <b>drumla</b> (Poland), <b>drymba</b> (Ukraine), <b>gewgaw</b>, <b>guimbard</b> (France), <b>guimbarda</b> (<a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalan</a>), <b><a href="/wiki/Gogona" title="Gogona">gogona</a></b> (Assam), <b><a href="/wiki/Karinding" title="Karinding">karinding</a></b> (Sudanese), <b>khomus</b> (Siberia), <b><a href="/wiki/Kouxian" title="Kouxian">kouxian</a></b> (China), <b><a href="/wiki/Kubing" title="Kubing">kubing</a></b> (Philippines), <b>marranzano</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, Italy), <b>Maultrommel</b> (Austria and Germany), <b>mondharp/munnharpe</b> (Norway), <b>morchang</b> (<a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>), <b><a href="/wiki/Morsing" title="Morsing">morsing</a></b> (South India), <b><a href="/wiki/Mukkuri" title="Mukkuri">mukkuri</a></b> (Japan), <b>mungiga</b> (Sweden), <b>murchunga</b>/<b>binayo</b> (Nepal), <b>Ozark harp</b> (United States), <b>parmupill</b> (Estonia), <b>trump</b> (Scotland), <b>berimbau de boca</b> (Portuguese),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <b>vargan</b> (Russia).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSandroni2001" class="citation journal cs1">Sandroni, Carlos (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41699378">"Review of Portugal e o mundo: o encontro de culturas na música / Portugal and the World: The Encounter of Cultures in Music"</a>. <i>The World of Music</i>. <b>43</b> (2/3): 214. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0043-8774">0043-8774</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+World+of+Music&rft.atitle=Review+of+Portugal+e+o+mundo%3A+o+encontro+de+culturas+na+m%C3%BAsica+%2F+Portugal+and+the+World%3A+The+Encounter+of+Cultures+in+Music&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2%2F3&rft.pages=214&rft.date=2001&rft.issn=0043-8774&rft.aulast=Sandroni&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41699378&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJew%27s+harp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKatz2018" class="citation magazine cs1">Katz, Brigit (23 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-found-1700-year-old-mouth-harp-180967832/">"This Recently Discovered 1,700-Year-Old Mouth Harp Can Still Hold a Tune"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705021024/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/archaeologists-found-1700-year-old-mouth-harp-180967832/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=This+Recently+Discovered+1%2C700-Year-Old+Mouth+Harp+Can+Still+Hold+a+Tune&rft.date=2018-01-23&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Brigit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fsmart-news%2Farchaeologists-found-1700-year-old-mouth-harp-180967832%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJew%27s+harp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchlesinger1911-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchlesinger1911_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchlesinger1911">Schlesinger 1911</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-y998-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-y998_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-05/21/c_137195056.htm">"Ancient musical instruments unearthed in NW China"</a>. <i>Xinhua</i>. 2018-05-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Xinhua&rft.atitle=Ancient+musical+instruments+unearthed+in+NW+China&rft.date=2018-05-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2018-05%2F21%2Fc_137195056.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJew%27s+harp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NationalGeographic-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NationalGeographic_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLarmer2020" class="citation web cs1">Larmer, Brook (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807020340/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/2020/08/mysterious-carvings-evidence-human-sacrifice-uncovered-ancient-city-china/">"Mysterious carvings and evidence of human sacrifice uncovered in ancient city"</a>. National Geographic. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/2020/08/mysterious-carvings-evidence-human-sacrifice-uncovered-ancient-city-china/">the original</a> on August 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mysterious+carvings+and+evidence+of+human+sacrifice+uncovered+in+ancient+city&rft.pub=National+Geographic&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Larmer&rft.aufirst=Brook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fhistory%2F2020%2F08%2Fmysterious-carvings-evidence-human-sacrifice-uncovered-ancient-city-china%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJew%27s+harp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fox (1988), p.45-8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jews-harps.com-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jews-harps.com_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jews-harps.com_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jews-harps.com/name-origin-history/">"Jew's harp origin history | Glazyrin's jew's harps"</a>. <i>Jews-harps.com</i>. 18 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jews-harps.com&rft.atitle=Jew%27s+harp+origin+history+%26%23124%3B+Glazyrin%27s+jew%27s+harps&rft.date=2019-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjews-harps.com%2Fname-origin-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJew%27s+harp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etimo.it/?term=marrano">"Etimologia : Marrano"</a>. <i>Etimo.it</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Etimo.it&rft.atitle=Etimologia+%3A+Marrano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etimo.it%2F%3Fterm%3Dmarrano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJew%27s+harp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elalmanaque.com/lexico/marrano.htm">"LÉXICO - ETIMOLOGIAS - ORIGEN DE LAS PALABRAS - MARRANO"</a>. <i>Elalmanaque.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Elalmanaque.com&rft.atitle=L%C3%89XICO+-+ETIMOLOGIAS+-+ORIGEN+DE+LAS+PALABRAS+-+MARRANO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elalmanaque.com%2Flexico%2Fmarrano.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJew%27s+harp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWRIGHT2020" class="citation book cs1">WRIGHT, MICHAEL (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1156990682"><i>JEWS-HARP IN BRITAIN AND IRELAND</i></a>. [S.l.]: ROUTLEDGE. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-367-59749-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-367-59749-8"><bdi>978-0-367-59749-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1156990682">1156990682</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=JEWS-HARP+IN+BRITAIN+AND+IRELAND.&rft.place=%5BS.l.%5D&rft.pub=ROUTLEDGE&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1156990682&rft.isbn=978-0-367-59749-8&rft.aulast=WRIGHT&rft.aufirst=MICHAEL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1156990682&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJew%27s+harp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Miscellaneous and Fugitive pieces, vol. 3, Johnson et al. 1774</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pegge's <i>Anonymiana</i>, 1818, p. 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTimbs1858" class="citation book cs1">Timbs, John (1858). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_oNIDAAAAQAAJ"><i>Things Not Generally Known: Popular Errors Explained & Illustrated</i></a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_oNIDAAAAQAAJ/page/n72">61</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Things+Not+Generally+Known%3A+Popular+Errors+Explained+%26+Illustrated&rft.pages=61&rft.date=1858&rft.aulast=Timbs&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_oNIDAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJew%27s+harp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWedgwood1855" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hensleigh_Wedgwood" title="Hensleigh Wedgwood">Wedgwood, Hensleigh</a> (1855). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3924121;view=1up;seq=73">"On False Etymologies"</a>. <i>Transactions of the Philological Society</i> (6): 63.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+Philological+Society&rft.atitle=On+False+Etymologies&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=63&rft.date=1855&rft.aulast=Wedgwood&rft.aufirst=Hensleigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duc1.b3924121%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJew%27s+harp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Université_Laval_-_Déconnexion-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Université_Laval_-_Déconnexion_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Université_Laval_-_Déconnexion_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-oed-com.acces.bibl.ulaval.ca/view/Entry/101242?">"Université Laval - Déconnexion"</a>. <i>Oed-com.acces.bibl.ulaval.ca</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oed-com.acces.bibl.ulaval.ca&rft.atitle=Universit%C3%A9+Laval+-+D%C3%A9connexion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-oed-com.acces.bibl.ulaval.ca%2Fview%2FEntry%2F101242%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJew%27s+harp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Jews' trump, Jew's-trump". <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>. Oxford University Press. 1989.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jews%27+trump%2C+Jew%27s-trump&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJew%27s+harp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ordnet.dk/ddo/ordbog?query=j%C3%B8deharpe">"jødeharpe — Den Danske Ordbog"</a>. <i>Ordnet.dk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ordnet.dk&rft.atitle=j%C3%B8deharpe+%E2%80%94+Den+Danske+Ordbog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fordnet.dk%2Fddo%2Fordbog%3Fquery%3Dj%25C3%25B8deharpe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJew%27s+harp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N7p1IHrN2H4">"Ancient building style of jews harp | morchang | morsing | best jews harp | best morchang"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-27</span></span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ancient+building+style+of+jews+harp+%7C+morchang+%7C+morsing+%7C+best+jews+harp+%7C+best+morchang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DN7p1IHrN2H4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJew%27s+harp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jewsharp-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jewsharp_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jewsharp_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPoss" class="citation web cs1">Poss, M.D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990908054109/http://www.mouthmusic.com/trumps.htm">"Cambodian Bamboo Jew's Harps"</a>. <i>Mouthmusic.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mouthmusic.com/trumps.htm">the original</a> on September 8, 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2018</span>. <q>... these bamboo Jew's harps are easy to hold and may be longer lasting due to being made of thicker material than many other similar instruments. Held against the lips, they are easy to play and offer the same full, percussive sound as the "Kubings."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mouthmusic.com&rft.atitle=Cambodian+Bamboo+Jew%27s+Harps&rft.aulast=Poss&rft.aufirst=M.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmouthmusic.com%2Ftrumps.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJew%27s+harp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unesco-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_21-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unesco_21-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKheanDorivanLinaLenna" class="citation book cs1">Khean, Yun; Dorivan, Keo; Lina, Y; Lenna, Mao. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001352/135257mb.pdf"><i>Traditional Musical Instruments of Cambodia</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Könemann. p. 136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8290-6079-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8290-6079-0"><bdi>978-3-8290-6079-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+Musical+Instruments%3A+From+All+Eras+and+Regions+of+the+World&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=K%C3%B6nemann&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-3-8290-6079-0&rft.aulast=Abrashev&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Radevsky%2C+A.&rft.au=Gadjev%2C+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6Yw7AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJew%27s+harp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musark.no/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Thesis-intro.pdf">Jew's Harps in European Archaeology</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150620150926/http://russia-ic.com/culture_art/music/939/#.WHCF67GZOHs">https://web.archive.org/web/20150620150926/http://russia-ic.com/culture_art/music/939/#.WHCF67GZOHs</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-museum-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-museum_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://musicmuseumnepal.org/gallery-9/">"Photo Gallery"</a>. 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Musiconis Database. Université Paris-Sorbonne"</a>. <i>Musiconis.huma-num.fr</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://musiconis.huma-num.fr/fiche/120/Hybride+jouant+de+la+guimbarde">the original</a> on November 12, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fondationlaborie.com/images/stories/notesdeprogramme/lc08_en.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2022-05-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Vienna: Edition Harmonia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burnley, James (1886). <i>The Romance of Invention: Vignettes from the Annals of Industry and Science</i>, p.335. Cassell. [ISBN unspecified].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFox1988" class="citation book cs1">Fox, Leonard (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=75NF_xIpENgC&q=charles+ives+jews+harp&pg=PA33"><i>The Jew's Harp: A Comprehensive Anthology</i></a>. Associated University Presses, Inc. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780838751169" title="Special:BookSources/9780838751169"><bdi>9780838751169</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jew%27s+Harp%3A+A+Comprehensive+Anthology&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Associated+University+Presses%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780838751169&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D75NF_xIpENgC%26q%3Dcharles%2Bives%2Bjews%2Bharp%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJew%27s+harp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGraves2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Graves_(writer)" title="Tom Graves (writer)">Graves, Tom</a> (30 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NyNeDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT155"><i>Louise Brooks, Frank Zappa, & Other Charmers & Dreamers</i></a>. BookBaby. p. 155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-942531-07-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-942531-07-4"><bdi>978-1-942531-07-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Louise+Brooks%2C+Frank+Zappa%2C+%26+Other+Charmers+%26+Dreamers&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=BookBaby&rft.date=2015-04-30&rft.isbn=978-1-942531-07-4&rft.aulast=Graves&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNyNeDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJew%27s+harp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWinters2007" class="citation book cs1">Winters, Rebecca Davis (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dbNCIDz9jQQC&pg=PA159"><i>Blind Owl Blues</i></a>. Blind Owl Blues. p. 159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-615-14617-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-615-14617-1"><bdi>978-0-615-14617-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blind+Owl+Blues&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Blind+Owl+Blues&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-615-14617-1&rft.aulast=Winters&rft.aufirst=Rebecca+Davis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdbNCIDz9jQQC%26pg%3DPA159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJew%27s+harp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wells, David (2009). "Black Sabbath (1970)". Black Sabbath (CD Booklet). Black Sabbath. Sanctuary Records Group.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.songfacts.com/facts/the-who/join-together">"Join Together by The Who"</a>. <i>Songfacts</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Songfacts&rft.atitle=Join+Together+by+The+Who&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.songfacts.com%2Ffacts%2Fthe-who%2Fjoin-together&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJew%27s+harp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: General and cited references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-ISBN plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg/40px-Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg/60px-Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg/80px-Nuvola_kdict_glass.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>lacks <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBNs</a> for the books listed</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit">add the ISBNs</a> or run the <a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/citations/process_page.php?edit=template&slow=1&user=Biblio+template+user&page=Jew%27s_harp">citation bot</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2014</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Alekseev, Ivan, and E. I. [i.e. Egor Innokent'evich] Okoneshnikov (1988). <i>Iskusstvo igry na iakutskom khomuse</i>. IAkutsk: Akademiia nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe otd-nie, IAkutskii filial, In-t iazyka, lit-ry i istorii.</li> <li>Bakx, Phons (1992). <i>De gedachtenverdrijver: de historie van de mondharp</i>. Hadewijch wereldmuziek. Antwerpen: Hadewijch; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-5240-163-2" title="Special:BookSources/90-5240-163-2">90-5240-163-2</a>.</li> <li>Boone, Hubert, and René de Maeyer (1986). <i>De Mondtrom</i>. Volksmuziekinstrumenten in Belgie en in Nederland. Brussel: La Renaissance du Livre.</li> <li>Crane, Frederick (1982). "Jew's (jaw's? jeu? jeugd? gewgaw? juice?) harp." In: <i>Vierundzwanzigsteljahrschrift der Internationalen Maultrommelvirtuosengenossenschaft</i>, vol. 1 (1982). With: "The Jew's Harp in Colonial America," by Brian L. Mihura.</li> <li>Crane, Frederick (2003). <i>A History of the Trump in Pictures: Europe and America</i>. A special supplement to <i>Vierundzwanzigsteljahrsschrift der Internationalen Maultrommelvirtuosengenossenschaft</i>. Mount Pleasant, Iowa: [Frederick Crane].</li> <li>Dournon-Taurelle, Geneviève, and John Wright (1978). <i>Les Guimbardes du Musée de l'homme</i>. Preface by Gilbert Rouget. Published by the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle and l'Institut d'ethnologie.</li> <li>Emsheimer, Ernst (1941). "Über das Vorkommen und die Anwendungsart der Maultrommel in Sibirien und Zentralasien". In: <i>Ethnos</i> (Stockholm), nos 3–4 (1941).</li> <li>Emsheimer, Ernst (1964). "Maultrommeln in Sibirien und Zentralasien." In: <i>Studia ethnomusicologica eurasiatica</i> (Stockholm: Musikhistoriska museet, pp. 13–27).</li> <li>Fox, Leonard (1984). <i>The Jew's Harp: A Comprehensive Anthology</i>. Selected, edited, and translated by Leonard Fox. Charleston, South Carolina: L. Fox.</li> <li>Fox, Leonard (1988). <i>The Jew's Harp: A Comprehensive Anthology</i>. Selected, edited, and translated by Leonard Fox. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press; London: Associated University Presses; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8387-5116-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8387-5116-4">0-8387-5116-4</a>.</li> <li>Gallmann, Matthew S. (1977). <i>The Jews Harp: A Select List of References With Library of Congress Call Numbers</i>. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, Archive of Folk Song.</li> <li>Gotovtsev, Innokenty. <i>New Technologies for Yakut Khomus</i>. Yakutsk.</li> <li>Kolltveit, Gjermund (2006). <i>Jew's Harps in European Archaeology</i>. BAR International series, 1500. Oxford: Archaeopress; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84171-931-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-84171-931-5">1-84171-931-5</a>.</li> <li>Mercurio, Paolo (1998). <i>Sa Trumba. Armomia tra telarzu e limbeddhu</i>. Solinas Edition, Nuoro (IT).</li> <li>Plate, Regina (1992). <i>Kulturgeschichte der Maultrommel</i>. Orpheus-Schriftenreihe zu Grundfragen der Musik, Bd. 64. Bonn: Verlag für Systematische Musikwissenschaft; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-922626-64-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-922626-64-5">3-922626-64-5</a>.</li> <li>Mercurio, Paolo (2013). <i>Gli Scacciapensieri Strumenti Musicali dell'Armonia Internazionali, Interculturali, Interdisciplinari</i>. Milano; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-6885-391-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-6885-391-4">978-88-6885-391-4</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchlesinger1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Schlesinger" title="Kathleen Schlesinger">Schlesinger, Kathleen</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Jew's Harp"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Jew%27s_Harp">"Jew's Harp" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 411.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jew%27s+Harp&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=411&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Schlesinger&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJew%27s+harp" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Shishigin, S. S. (1994). <i>Igraite na khomuse</i>. Mezhdunarodnyi tsentr khomusnoi (vargannoi) muzyki. Pokrovsk: S.S. Shishigin/Ministerstvo kul'tury Respubliki Sakha (IAkutiia). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-85157-012-1" title="Special:BookSources/5-85157-012-1">5-85157-012-1</a>.</li> <li>Shishigin, Spiridon. <i>Kulakovsky and Khomus</i>. Yakutia.</li> <li>Smeck, Roy (1974). <i>Mel Bay's Fun With the Jaws Harp</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780871664495" title="Special:BookSources/9780871664495">9780871664495</a></li> <li>Wright, Michael (2008). "The Jew's Harp in the Law, 1590–1825". <i>Folk Music Journal</i> 9.3 pp. 349–371; ISSN 0531-9684. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25654126">25654126</a>.</li> <li>Wright, Michael (2015). <i>The Jew's Harp in Britain and Ireland</i>. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4724-1413-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4724-1413-7">978-1-4724-1413-7</a>.</li> <li>Yuan, Bingchang, and Jizeng Mao (1986). <i>Zhongguo Shao Shu Min Zu Yue Qi Zhi</i>. Beijing: Xin Shi Jie Chu Ban She: Xin Hua Shu Dian Beijing Fa Xing Suo Fa Xing; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/7-80005-017-3" title="Special:BookSources/7-80005-017-3">7-80005-017-3</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night 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to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jaw_harps" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jaw harps">Jaw harps</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewsharpguild.org/history.html">The Jew's Harp Guild</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://varganist.ru/indexe.html">How to play and make jew's harp</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rvandre.de/jewsharp.html">How to play the jew's harp</a> (instructions with sound examples and remarks on the functioning of Jew's harps)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.patmissin.com/history/guimbardes.html">A page on guimbardes</a> from Pat Missin's free reed instrument website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alashensemble.com/instruments_xomus.htm">Demir-xomus (Tuvan Jew's Harp)</a> Demos, photos, 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.navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Medieval_music" title="Template:Medieval music"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Medieval_music" title="Template talk:Medieval music"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Medieval_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Medieval music"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medieval_music861" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_music" title="Medieval music">Medieval music</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_composers" title="List of medieval composers">List of composers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_music_theorists" title="List of medieval music theorists">List of music theorists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_musical_instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="List of medieval musical instruments">List of musical instruments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_music#Early_medieval_music_(500–1000)" title="Medieval music">Early (before 1150)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Saint_Gall" title="Abbey of Saint Gall">Abbey of Saint Gall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notker_the_Stammerer" title="Notker the Stammerer">Notker the Stammerer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuotilo" title="Tuotilo">Tuotilo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Stephen of Liège">Stephen of Liège</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Hucbald" title="Hucbald">Hucbald</a>*</span></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Odo_of_Cluny" title="Odo of Cluny">Odo of Cluny</a>*</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulbert_of_Chartres" title="Fulbert of Chartres">Fulbert of Chartres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heriger_of_Lobbes" title="Heriger of Lobbes">Heriger of Lobbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Martial_school" title="Saint Martial school">Saint Martial school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9mar_de_Chabannes" title="Adémar de Chabannes">Adémar de Chabannes</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Odo_of_Arezzo" title="Odo of Arezzo">Odo of Arezzo</a>*</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notker_Physicus" title="Notker Physicus">Notker Physicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godric_of_Finchale" title="Godric of Finchale">St. Godric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Abelard" title="Peter Abelard">Peter Abelard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_of_Saint_Victor" title="Adam of Saint Victor">Adam of Saint Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfstan_the_Cantor" title="Wulfstan the Cantor">Wulfstan the Cantor</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wipo_of_Burgundy" title="Wipo of Burgundy">Wipo of Burgundy</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_music#High_medieval_music_(1000–1300)" title="Medieval music">High (1150–1300)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ars_antiqua" title="Ars antiqua">Ars antiqua</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_school" title="Notre-Dame school">Notre-Dame school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Parisiensis" title="Albertus Parisiensis">Albertus Parisiensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9onin" title="Léonin">Léonin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rotin" title="Pérotin">Pérotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Chancellor" title="Philip the Chancellor">Philippe le Chancelier</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Petrus_de_Cruce" title="Petrus de Cruce">Petrus de Cruce</a>*</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Troubadour" title="Troubadour">Troubadour</a><br />& <a href="/wiki/Trobairitz" title="Trobairitz">Trobairitz</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimeric_de_Peguilhan" title="Aimeric de Peguilhan">Aimeric de Peguilhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaut_Daniel" title="Arnaut Daniel">Arnaut Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaut_de_Mareuil" title="Arnaut de Mareuil">Arnaut de Mareuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernart_de_Ventadorn" title="Bernart de Ventadorn">Bernart de Ventadorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertran_de_Born" title="Bertran de Born">Bertran de Born</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelloza" title="Castelloza">Castelloza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerver%C3%AD_de_Girona" title="Cerverí de Girona">Cerverí de Girona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comtessa_de_Dia" title="Comtessa de Dia">Comtessa de Dia</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folquet_de_Marselha" title="Folquet de Marselha">Folquet de Marselha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaucelm_Faidit" title="Gaucelm Faidit">Gaucelm Faidit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giraut_de_Bornelh" title="Giraut de Bornelh">Giraut de Bornelh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiraut_Riquier" title="Guiraut Riquier">Guiraut Riquier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaufre_Rudel" title="Jaufre Rudel">Jaufre Rudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcabru" title="Marcabru">Marcabru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peire_d%27Alvernha" class="mw-redirect" title="Peire d'Alvernha">Peire d'Alvernha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peire_Cardenal" title="Peire Cardenal">Peire Cardenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peire_Vidal" title="Peire Vidal">Peire Vidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peirol" title="Peirol">Peirol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdigon" title="Perdigon">Perdigon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimbaut_d%27Aurenga" title="Raimbaut d'Aurenga">Raimbaut d'Aurenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimbaut_de_Vaqueiras" title="Raimbaut de Vaqueiras">Raimbaut de Vaqueiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimon_de_Miravalh" class="mw-redirect" title="Raimon de Miravalh">Raimon de Miravalh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sordello" title="Sordello">Sordello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_IX,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="William IX, Duke of Aquitaine">William IX, Duke of Aquitaine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_troubadours_and_trobairitz" title="List of troubadours and trobairitz">Other troubadours and trobairitz...</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trouv%C3%A8re" title="Trouvère">Trouvère</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_de_la_Halle" title="Adam de la Halle">Adam de la Halle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrieu_Contredit_d%27Arras" title="Andrieu Contredit d'Arras">Andrieu Contredit d'Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audefroi_le_Bastart" title="Audefroi le Bastart">Audefroi le Bastart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blondel_de_Nesle" title="Blondel de Nesle">Blondel de Nesle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Chastelain_de_Couci" title="Le Chastelain de Couci">Le Chastelain de Couci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Troyes" title="Chrétien de Troyes">Chrétien de Troyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Muset" title="Colin Muset">Colin Muset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conon_de_B%C3%A9thune" class="mw-redirect" title="Conon de Béthune">Conon de Béthune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gace_Brul%C3%A9" title="Gace Brulé">Gace Brulé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautier_de_Coincy" title="Gautier de Coincy">Gautier de Coincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautier_de_Dargies" title="Gautier de Dargies">Gautier de Dargies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautier_d%27Espinal" title="Gautier d'Espinal">Gautier d'Espinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillebert_de_Berneville" title="Gillebert de Berneville">Gillebert de Berneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gontier_de_Soignies" title="Gontier de Soignies">Gontier de Soignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_le_Vinier" title="Guillaume le Vinier">Guillaume le Vinier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiot_de_Dijon" title="Guiot de Dijon">Guiot de Dijon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_Bretel" title="Jehan Bretel">Jehan Bretel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_Erart" title="Jehan Erart">Jehan Erart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_le_Cuvelier_d%27Arras" title="Jehan le Cuvelier d'Arras">Jehan le Cuvelier d'Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moniot_d%27Arras" title="Moniot d'Arras">Moniot d'Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrin_d%27Angicourt" title="Perrin d'Angicourt">Perrin d'Angicourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_R%C3%A9mi_(died_1265)" title="Philippe de Rémi (died 1265)">Philippe de Rémi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_de_Soissons" title="Raoul de Soissons">Raoul de Soissons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trouv%C3%A8re#List_of_trouvères" title="Trouvère">Other trouvères...</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casella_(Divine_Comedy)" title="Casella (Divine Comedy)">Casella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliard" class="mw-redirect" title="Goliard">Goliards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesang" title="Minnesang">Minnesang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician-Portuguese_lyric" title="Galician-Portuguese lyric">Galician-Portuguese lyric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Galician-Portuguese_troubadours" title="List of Galician-Portuguese troubadours">List of Galician-Portuguese troubadours</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_music#Late_medieval_music_(1300–1400)" title="Medieval music">Late (1300–1400)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ars_nova" title="Ars nova">Ars nova</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Andrieu" title="F. Andrieu">F. Andrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Le_Grant" title="Denis Le Grant">Denis Le Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magister_Franciscus" title="Magister Franciscus">Magister Franciscus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimace_(composer)" title="Grimace (composer)">Grimace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_de_Lescurel" title="Jehan de Lescurel">Jehan de Lescurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_Machaut" title="Guillaume de Machaut">Guillaume de Machaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._des_Molins" title="P. des Molins">P. des Molins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_Vaillant" title="Jehan Vaillant">Jehan Vaillant</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Vitry" title="Philippe de Vitry">Philippe de Vitry</a>*</span></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Trecento59" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Trecento" title="Music of the Trecento">Trecento</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Predecessors12" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marchetto_da_Padova" title="Marchetto da Padova">Marchetto da Padova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_da_Cascia" title="Giovanni da Cascia">Giovanni da Cascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacopo_da_Bologna" title="Jacopo da Bologna">Jacopo da Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maestro_Piero" title="Maestro Piero">Maestro Piero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_da_Rimini" title="Vincenzo da Rimini">Vincenzo da Rimini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_de_Florentia" title="Andreas de Florentia">Andreas de Florentia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donato_da_Cascia" title="Donato da Cascia">Donato da Cascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Landini" title="Francesco Landini">Francesco Landini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gherardello_da_Firenze" title="Gherardello da Firenze">Gherardello da Firenze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_da_Firenze" title="Lorenzo da Firenze">Lorenzo da Firenze</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_da_Firenze" title="Paolo da Firenze">Paolo da Firenze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bartolino_da_Padova" title="Bartolino da Padova">Bartolino da Padova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonello_da_Caserta" title="Antonello da Caserta">Antonello da Caserta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Ciconia" title="Johannes Ciconia">Johannes Ciconia</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_da_Perugia" title="Matteo da Perugia">Matteo da Perugia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Mazzuoli" title="Giovanni Mazzuoli">Giovanni Mazzuoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grazioso_da_Padova" title="Grazioso da Padova">Grazioso da Padova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_da_Perugia" title="Niccolò da Perugia">Niccolò da Perugia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippus_de_Caserta" title="Philippus de Caserta">Philippus de Caserta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Omer" title="Sant Omer">Sant Omer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacara_da_Teramo" title="Zacara da Teramo">Zacara da Teramo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ars_subtilior" title="Ars subtilior">Ars subtilior</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borlet" title="Borlet">Borlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippus_de_Caserta" title="Philippus de Caserta">Philippus de Caserta</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Ciconia" title="Johannes Ciconia">Johannes Ciconia</a>*</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conradus_de_Pistoria" title="Conradus de Pistoria">Conradus de Pistoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baude_Cordier" title="Baude Cordier">Baude Cordier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Cuvelier" title="Johannes Cuvelier">Johannes Cuvelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egardus" title="Egardus">Egardus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egidius_(Chantilly_Codex_composer)" title="Egidius (Chantilly Codex composer)">Egidius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinus_Fabri" title="Martinus Fabri">Martinus Fabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_de_Goscalch" title="Petrus de Goscalch">Petrus de Goscalch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Symonis_Hasprois" title="Johannes Symonis Hasprois">Johannes Symonis Hasprois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matheus_de_Sancto_Johanne" title="Matheus de Sancto Johanne">Matheus de Sancto Johanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gacian_Reyneau" title="Gacian Reyneau">Gacian Reyneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S_Uciredor" title="S Uciredor">Rodericus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Senleches" title="Jacob Senleches">Jacob Senleches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solage" title="Solage">Solage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Susay" title="Johannes Susay">Johannes Susay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacara_da_Teramo" title="Zacara da Teramo">Antonio Zacara da Teramo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebor_(composer)" title="Trebor (composer)">Trebor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Alanus" title="Johannes Alanus">Johannes Alanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dunstaple" title="John Dunstaple">John Dunstaple</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Contenance_angloise" title="Contenance angloise">Contenance angloise</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fabri" title="Thomas Fabri">Thomas Fabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Henry" title="Roy Henry">Roy Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_de_Lantins" title="Arnold de Lantins">Arnold de Lantins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonel_Power" title="Leonel Power">Leonel Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._de_Wycombe" title="W. de Wycombe">W. de Wycombe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theorists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_IV" title="Anonymous IV">Anonymous IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_of_Arezzo" title="Guido of Arezzo">Guido of Arezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_of_Cologne" title="Franco of Cologne">Franco of Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Cotto" title="Johannes Cotto">Johannes Cotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Garlandia_(music_theorist)" title="Johannes de Garlandia (music theorist)">Johannes de Garlandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Grocheio" title="Johannes de Grocheio">Johannes de Grocheio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iacobus_de_Ispania" class="mw-redirect" title="Iacobus de Ispania">Iacobus de Ispania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notker_Labeo" title="Notker Labeo">Notker Labeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Muris" title="Johannes de Muris">Johannes de Muris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Odington" title="Walter Odington">Walter Odington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berno_of_Reichenau" title="Berno of Reichenau">Berno of Reichenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelian_of_R%C3%A9%C3%B4me" title="Aurelian of Réôme">Aurelian of Réôme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musical forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiphon" title="Antiphon">Antiphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canso_(song)" title="Canso (song)">Canso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_(music)" title="Carol (music)">Carol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanson" title="Chanson">Chanson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chansonnier" title="Chansonnier">Chansonnier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chant" title="Chant">Chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conductus" title="Conductus">Conductus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estampie" title="Estampie">Estampie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formes_fixes" title="Formes fixes">Formes fixes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballade_(forme_fixe)" title="Ballade (forme fixe)">Ballade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondeau_(forme_fixe)" title="Rondeau (forme fixe)">Rondeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virelai" title="Virelai">Virelai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geisslerlieder" title="Geisslerlieder">Geisslerlied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_(poetic_form)" title="Lai (poetic form)">Lai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tydorel" title="Tydorel">Tydorel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_drama" title="Liturgical drama">Liturgical drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrigal_(Trecento)" title="Madrigal (Trecento)">Madrigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motet" title="Motet">Motet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organum" title="Organum">Organum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planctus" title="Planctus">Planctus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_music_of_the_British_Isles" title="Early music of the British Isles">British Isles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_Medieval_England" title="Music in Medieval England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_Medieval_Scotland" title="Music in Medieval Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cyprus#Medieval_music" title="Music of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_France#Medieval_Period" title="Music history of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Germany#Minnesingers_and_Meistersingers" title="Music of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_classical_music#Medieval_music" title="Italian classical music">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lithuania" title="Music of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_Portugal#Medieval_music" title="Music history of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain#Medieval_period" title="Music of Spain">Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derivations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bardcore" title="Bardcore">Bardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_folk_rock" title="Medieval folk rock">Medieval folk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">Medieval metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Medieval_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Medieval music">Neo-Medieval music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_music" title="Early music">Early music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_art" title="Medieval art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_architecture" title="Medieval architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_poetry" title="Medieval poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_literature" title="Medieval literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_philosophy" title="Medieval philosophy">Philosophy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="position:relative;"> <ul><li>Also music theorist*</li></ul> <div style="position:absolute;right:0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Renaissance_music" title="Template:Renaissance music">Renaissance music</a></b> →</div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Medieval_music" title="Category:Medieval music">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/20px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/40px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Classical_music" title="Portal:Classical music">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Musical_strings,_wires,_and_instruments253" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Strings_(music)" title="Template:Strings (music)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Strings_(music)" title="Template talk:Strings (music)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Strings_(music)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Strings (music)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Musical_strings,_wires,_and_instruments253" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Musical <a href="/wiki/String_(music)" title="String (music)">strings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piano_wire" title="Piano wire">wires</a>, and <a href="/wiki/String_instrument" title="String instrument">instruments</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_string_instruments" title="List of string instruments">List</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_chordophones_by_Hornbostel%E2%80%93Sachs_number" title="List of chordophones by Hornbostel–Sachs number">Hornbostel–Sachs numbers</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bow_(music)" title="Bow (music)">Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_(instrument)" title="Bridge (instrument)">Bridge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3rd_bridge" title="3rd bridge">Third bridge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chordophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Chordophone">Chordophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Course_(music)" title="Course (music)">Course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drone (music)">Drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enharmonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Enharmonic">Enharmonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingerboard" title="Fingerboard">Fingerboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fret" title="Fret">Fret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_frequency" title="Fundamental frequency">Fundamental</a>/<a href="/wiki/Harmonic_series_(music)" title="Harmonic series (music)">Harmonics</a>/<a href="/wiki/Overtone" title="Overtone">Overtones</a>/<a href="/wiki/String_harmonic" title="String harmonic">String harmonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longitudinal_wave" title="Longitudinal wave">Longitudinal wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long-string_instrument" title="Long-string instrument">Long-string instrument</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melde%27s_experiment" title="Melde's experiment">Melde's experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersenne%27s_laws" title="Mersenne's laws">Mersenne's laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monochord" title="Monochord">Monochord</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Music_On_A_Long_Thin_Wire" title="Music On A Long Thin Wire">Music On A Long Thin Wire</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Node_(physics)" title="Node (physics)">Node</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(string_instrument)" title="Nut (string instrument)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reentrant_tuning" title="Reentrant tuning">Re-entry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scale_length_(string_instruments)" title="Scale length (string instruments)">Scale length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_board_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound board (music)">Soundboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_wave" title="Standing wave">Standing wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_vibration" title="String vibration">String vibration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_wave" title="Transverse wave">Transverse wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuning_mechanisms_for_stringed_instruments" title="Tuning mechanisms for stringed instruments">Tuning peg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monochord" title="Monochord">Monochords</a> and<br /> <a href="/wiki/Musical_bow" title="Musical bow">musical bows</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahardin" title="Ahardin">Ahardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berimbau" title="Berimbau">Berimbau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bladder_fiddle" title="Bladder fiddle">Bladder fiddle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boom-ba" class="mw-redirect" title="Boom-ba">Boom-ba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0n_b%E1%BA%A7u" title="Đàn bầu">Đàn bầu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diddley_bow" title="Diddley bow">Diddley bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duxianqin" title="Duxianqin">Duxianqin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ektara" title="Ektara">Ektara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_bow" title="Ground bow">Ground bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichigenkin" title="Ichigenkin">Ichigenkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jap_fiddle" title="Jap fiddle">Japanese fiddle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jaw harp</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genggong" title="Genggong">Genggong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogona" title="Gogona">Gogona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temir_komuz" title="Temir komuz">Khomuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubing" title="Kubing">Kubing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morsing" title="Morsing">Morsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukkuri" title="Mukkuri">Mukkuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langeleik" title="Langeleik">Langeleik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesiba" title="Lesiba">Lesiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masenqo" title="Masenqo">Masenqo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onavillu" title="Onavillu">Onavillu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalmodicon" title="Psalmodicon">Psalmodicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromba_marina" title="Tromba marina">Tromba marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbi" title="Tumbi">Tumbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umuduri" title="Umuduri">Umuduri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitar_(instrument)" title="Unitar (instrument)">Unitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washtub_bass" title="Washtub bass">Washtub bass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Plucked_idiophones_(lamellophones)60" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Plucked_idiophones" title="Template:Plucked idiophones"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Plucked_idiophones" title="Template talk:Plucked idiophones"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Plucked_idiophones" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Plucked idiophones"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Plucked_idiophones_(lamellophones)60" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lamellophone" title="Lamellophone">Plucked idiophones</a> (lamellophones)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frame</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clack</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cricri" class="mw-redirect" title="Cricri">Cricri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guimbardes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Idioglot (<a href="/wiki/Angkuoch" title="Angkuoch">angkuoch</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0n_m%C3%B4i" title="Đàn môi">đàn môi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genggong" title="Genggong">genggong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gogona" title="Gogona">gogona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kubing" title="Kubing">kubing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mukkuri" title="Mukkuri">mukkuri</a>)</li> <li>Heteroglot (<a href="/wiki/Temir_komuz" title="Temir komuz">khomuz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kouxian" title="Kouxian">kouxian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morsing" title="Morsing">morsing</a>) <ul><li>Individual</li> <li>Sets</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comb</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laced lamellae</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Without resonator</li> <li>With resonator (<a href="/wiki/Mbira" title="Mbira">mbira</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cut-out lamellae</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comb" title="Comb">Comb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_box" title="Music box">Music box</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Renaissance_music907" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Renaissance_music" title="Template:Renaissance music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Renaissance_music" title="Template talk:Renaissance music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Renaissance_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Renaissance music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Renaissance_music907" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_music" title="Renaissance music">Renaissance music</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Renaissance_composers" title="List of Renaissance composers">List of Renaissance composers</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_music#Early_period_(1400–1470)" title="Renaissance music">Early (1400–1470)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Agricola" title="Alexander Agricola">Alexander Agricola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Binchois" title="Gilles Binchois">Gilles Binchois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Busnois" title="Antoine Busnois">Antoine Busnois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyset_Comp%C3%A8re" title="Loyset Compère">Loyset Compère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Du_Fay" title="Guillaume Du Fay">Guillaume Du Fay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dunstaple" title="John Dunstaple">John Dunstaple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Frye" title="Walter Frye">Walter Frye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Isaac" title="Heinrich Isaac">Heinrich Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Japart" title="Jean Japart">Jean Japart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Martini" title="Johannes Martini">Johannes Martini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Ockeghem" title="Johannes Ockeghem">Johannes Ockeghem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonel_Power" title="Leonel Power">Leonel Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Tinctoris" title="Johannes Tinctoris">Johannes Tinctoris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_van_Weerbeke" title="Gaspar van Weerbeke">Gaspar van Weerbeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_von_Wolkenstein" title="Oswald von Wolkenstein">Oswald von Wolkenstein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_music#Middle_period_(1470–1530)" title="Renaissance music">Middle (1470–1530)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Agricola" title="Martin Agricola">Martin Agricola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Brumel" title="Antoine Brumel">Antoine Brumel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Crecquillon" title="Thomas Crecquillon">Thomas Crecquillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonius_Divitis" title="Antonius Divitis">Antonius Divitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costanzo_Festa" title="Costanzo Festa">Costanzo Festa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_F%C3%A9vin" title="Antoine de Févin">Antoine de Févin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_Janequin" title="Clément Janequin">Clément Janequin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_de_Morales" title="Cristóbal de Morales">Cristóbal de Morales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Mouton" title="Jean Mouton">Jean Mouton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Obrecht" title="Jacob Obrecht">Jacob Obrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josquin_des_Prez" title="Josquin des Prez">Josquin des Prez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_la_Rue" title="Pierre de la Rue">Pierre de la Rue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taverner" title="John Taverner">John Taverner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Verdelot" title="Philippe Verdelot">Philippe Verdelot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Willaert" title="Adrian Willaert">Adrian Willaert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_music#Late_period_(1530–1600)" title="Renaissance music">Late (1530)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Arcadelt" title="Jacques Arcadelt">Jacques Arcadelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Byrd" title="William Byrd">William Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Cabez%C3%B3n" title="Antonio de Cabezón">Antonio de Cabezón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Clemens_non_Papa" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob Clemens non Papa">Jacobus Clemens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Gabrieli" title="Andrea Gabrieli">Andrea Gabrieli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Gombert" title="Nicolas Gombert">Nicolas Gombert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Goudimel" title="Claude Goudimel">Claude Goudimel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Guerrero_(composer)" title="Francisco Guerrero (composer)">Francisco Guerrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Le_Jeune" title="Claude Le Jeune">Claude Le Jeune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_di_Lasso" title="Orlando di Lasso">Orlando di Lasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Lusitano" title="Vicente Lusitano">Vicente Lusitano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Manchicourt" title="Pierre de Manchicourt">Pierre de Manchicourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Neusidler" title="Hans Neusidler">Hans Neusidler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina" title="Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina">Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costanzo_Porta" title="Costanzo Porta">Costanzo Porta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipriano_de_Rore" title="Cipriano de Rore">Cipriano de Rore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tallis" title="Thomas Tallis">Thomas Tallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tye" title="Christopher Tye">Christopher Tye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Luis_de_Victoria" title="Tomás Luis de Victoria">Tomás Luis de Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giaches_de_Wert" title="Giaches de Wert">Giaches de Wert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_music#Mannerism" title="Renaissance music">Mannerism</a> and <br /><a href="/wiki/Transition_from_Renaissance_to_Baroque_in_instrumental_music" title="Transition from Renaissance to Baroque in instrumental music">Transition to Baroque</a><br />c.1600</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Allegri" title="Gregorio Allegri">Gregorio Allegri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Campion" title="Thomas Campion">Thomas Campion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cooper_(composer)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Cooper (composer)">John Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dowland" title="John Dowland">John Dowland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Frescobaldi" title="Girolamo Frescobaldi">Girolamo Frescobaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Fontanelli" title="Alfonso Fontanelli">Alfonso Fontanelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gabrieli" title="Giovanni Gabrieli">Giovanni Gabrieli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Gesualdo" title="Carlo Gesualdo">Carlo Gesualdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Gibbons" title="Orlando Gibbons">Orlando Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Leo_Hassler" title="Hans Leo Hassler">Hans Leo Hassler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_Lobo" title="Alonso Lobo">Alonso Lobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzzasco_Luzzaschi" title="Luzzasco Luzzaschi">Luzzasco Luzzaschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_de_Macque" title="Giovanni de Macque">Giovanni de Macque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Marenzio" title="Luca Marenzio">Luca Marenzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Monteverdi" title="Claudio Monteverdi">Claudio Monteverdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Morley" title="Thomas Morley">Thomas Morley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Peri" title="Jacopo Peri">Jacopo Peri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Praetorius" title="Michael Praetorius">Michael Praetorius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Rogier" title="Philippe Rogier">Philippe Rogier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Sch%C3%BCtz" title="Heinrich Schütz">Heinrich Schütz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Pieterszoon_Sweelinck" title="Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck">Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Composition_school" title="Composition school">Composition schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burgundian_School" title="Burgundian School">Burgundian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorist_(music)" title="Colorist (music)">Colorists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Madrigal_School" title="English Madrigal School">English Madrigal School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Virginalist_School" title="English Virginalist School">English Virginalist School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_Camerata" title="Florentine Camerata">Florentine Camerata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Flemish_School" title="Franco-Flemish School">Franco-Flemish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_School" title="Roman School">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_School_(music)" title="Venetian School (music)">Venetian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musical forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carol_(music)" title="Carol (music)">Carol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermedio" title="Intermedio">Intermedio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrigal" title="Madrigal">Madrigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnificat" title="Magnificat">Magnificat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_(music)" title="Mass (music)">Mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offertory" title="Offertory">Offertory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavane" title="Pavane">Pavane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_music_of_the_British_Isles" title="Early music of the British Isles">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cyprus#Renaissance_music" title="Music of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_the_Elizabethan_era" title="Music in the Elizabethan era">Elizabethan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Renaissance#Music" title="French Renaissance">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Germany#Classical_music:_16th_century_to_the_present" title="Music of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_classical_music#Early_music_to_the_seventeenth_century" title="Italian classical music">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Flemish_School" title="Franco-Flemish School">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Poland" title="Music of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_Portugal#Medieval_music" title="Music history of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain#Renaissance_and_Baroque_Periods" title="Music of Spain">Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_music_publishing" title="History of music publishing">Music publishing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hieronymus_Andreae" title="Hieronymus Andreae">Hieronymus Andreae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Antico" title="Andrea Antico">Andrea Antico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Attaingnant" title="Pierre Attaingnant">Pierre Attaingnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Baldini" title="Vittorio Baldini">Vittorio Baldini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Bathen" title="Jacob Bathen">Jacob Bathen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerio_Dorico" title="Valerio Dorico">Valerio Dorico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gardano" title="Antonio Gardano">Antonio Gardano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottaviano_Petrucci" title="Ottaviano Petrucci">Ottaviano Petrucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_Phalesius_the_Elder" title="Petrus Phalesius the Elder">Petrus Phalesius the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Scotto" title="Girolamo Scotto">Girolamo Scotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tielman_Susato" title="Tielman Susato">Tielman Susato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Vautrollier" title="Thomas Vautrollier">Thomas Vautrollier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_music" title="Early music">Early music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_art" title="Renaissance art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_dance" title="Renaissance dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_literature" title="Renaissance literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_philosophy" title="Renaissance philosophy">Philosophy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="float: left;"> ← <b><a href="/wiki/Template:Medieval_music" title="Template:Medieval music">Medieval music</a></b></div><div style="float: right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Baroque_music" title="Template:Baroque music">Baroque music</a></b> → </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Renaissance_music" title="Category:Renaissance music">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185003#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4209622-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Jew's harp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85070508">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Guimbardes (famille d'instruments)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122601578">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Guimbardes (famille d'instruments)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122601578">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007533609205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/instrument/ffaf7204-92f1-4c03-846a-748218ebf2a5">MusicBrainz instrument</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&oldid=1281316547">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jew%27s_harp&oldid=1281316547</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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