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Photography Portal | Britannica
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Arts</a> </span> <span class="breadcrumb-item "> Photography </span> </nav> <h1 class="font-serif mt-30 mb-20">Photography</h1> <div class="font-serif grid"> <div class="col-sm-70 col-sm-offset-15"> Photography’s history began long before we were snapping pictures on camera phones. Learn about the masters of the craft and explore the development of photographic technology as it progressed through daguerreotypes and tintypes on the way to modern day’s increasingly sophisticated digital cameras.</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <h2 class="label my-30">Photography Encyclopedia Articles</h2> <div class="grid top g-10 mb-40"> <div class="col-33 col-sm-20 col-md-16 col-lg-10"> <div class="border shadow p-10 text-center "> <a class="font-weight-bold font-14 " href="/browse/Photography/1">ABB-GAR</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-33 col-sm-20 col-md-16 col-lg-10"> <div class="border shadow p-10 text-center "> <a class="font-weight-bold font-14 " href="/browse/Photography/2">GEL-PRO</a> </div> </div> <div class="col-33 col-sm-20 col-md-16 col-lg-10"> <div class="border shadow p-10 text-center "> <a class="font-weight-bold font-14 " href="/browse/Photography/3">PRO-ÁLV</a> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="label my-30 text-center">Featured Articles</h2> <div class="js-pinboard grid gy-20"> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hannah-Hoch" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/38/24538-050-D9938F94/Hannah-Hoch-First-International-Dada-Fair-Berlin-1920.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Dada exhibit" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hannah-Hoch" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Hannah Höch</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Hannah Höch was a German artist, the only woman associated with the Berlin Dada group, known for her provocative photomontage compositions that explore Weimar-era perceptions of gender and ethnic differences.... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edward-S-Curtis" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/95/186095-050-1AA0399A/Self-portrait-photogravure-collection-Edward-S-Curtis-Los-1899.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Curtis, Edward S." class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edward-S-Curtis" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Edward S. Curtis</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Edward S. Curtis was an American photographer and chronicler of Native American peoples whose work perpetuated an influential image of Indians as a “vanishing race.” The monumental The North American Indian... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eugene-Atget" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/images/shared/default3.png?v=3.130.14" class="default col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eugene-Atget" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Eugène Atget</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Eugène Atget was a French commercial photographer who specialized in photographing the architecture and associated arts of Paris and its environs at the turn of the 20th century. Very few biographical... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bernd-Becher-and-Hilla-Becher" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/44/186544-050-1CD3428F/Bernd-Hilla-Becher.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Becher, Bernd; Becher, Hilla" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bernd-Becher-and-Hilla-Becher" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Bernd Becher and Hilla Becher</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Bernd Becher and Hilla Becher were German photographers known for their straightforward black-and-white images of types of industrial buildings. For nearly five decades, the couple systematically photographed... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Heartfield" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/images/shared/default3.png?v=3.130.14" class="default col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Heartfield" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">John Heartfield</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> John Heartfield was a German artist best known for his agitprop photomontages—collages of text and imagery found in mass-produced media—and his role in the development of the Dada movement in Berlin. The... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Walker-Evans" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/33/159933-050-312BCA5F/Walker-Evans-1937.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Walker Evans" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Walker-Evans" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Walker Evans</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Walker Evans was an American photographer whose influence on the evolution of ambitious photography during the second half of the 20th century was perhaps greater than that of any other figure. He rejected... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Struth" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/images/shared/default3.png?v=3.130.14" class="default col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Struth" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Thomas Struth</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Thomas Struth is a German photographer known best for his series Museum Photographs, monumental colour images of people viewing canonical works of art in museums. His photographs are characterized by their... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ansel-Adams-American-photographer" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/65/59965-050-69A8E849/Mount-Williamson---Clearing-Storm-Ansel-Adams-1944.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Ansel Adams: Mount Williamson—Clearing Storm" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ansel-Adams-American-photographer" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Ansel Adams</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Ansel Adams was an American photographer who was the most important landscape photographer of the 20th century. He is also perhaps the most widely known and beloved photographer in the history of the United... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hill-and-Adamson" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/images/shared/default3.png?v=3.130.14" class="default col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hill-and-Adamson" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Hill and Adamson</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Hill and Adamson, Scottish photographers who collaborated to produce some of the greatest photographic portraits of the 19th century. David Octavius Hill (b. 1802, Perth, Perthshire, Scot.—d. May 17, 1870,... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/photography" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/96/140496-050-62AEE217/View-of-the-Boulevard-du-Temple-Paris-Louis-Jacques-Mande-Daguerre.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre: View of the Boulevard du Temple, Paris" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/photography" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">history of photography</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> History of photography, method of recording the image of an object through the action of light, or related radiation, on a light-sensitive material. The word, derived from the Greek photos (“light”) and... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Andreas-Gursky" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/images/shared/default3.png?v=3.130.14" class="default col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Andreas-Gursky" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Andreas Gursky</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Andreas Gursky is a German photographer known for his monumental digitally manipulated photographs that examine consumer culture and the busyness of contemporary life. His unique compositional strategies... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alfred-Stieglitz" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/49/9249-004-347A17B1/Alfred-Stieglitz-photograph-Photographer-Imogen-Cunningham-1934.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Imogen Cunningham: photograph of Alfred Stieglitz" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alfred-Stieglitz" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Alfred Stieglitz</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Alfred Stieglitz was an art dealer, publisher, advocate for the Modernist movement in the arts, and, arguably, the most important photographer of his time. Stieglitz was the son of Edward Stieglitz, a... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edward-Steichen" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/67/9267-004-3A5E78FD/Edward-Steichen-1960.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Edward Steichen, 1960." class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edward-Steichen" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Edward Steichen</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Edward Steichen was an American photographer who achieved distinction in a remarkably broad range of roles. In his youth he was perhaps the most talented and inventive photographer among those working... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marie-Curie" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/12/12512-004-80322EC3/Marie-Curie.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Marie Curie" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marie-Curie" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Marie Curie</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Marie Curie was a Polish-born French physicist, famous for her work on radioactivity and twice a winner of the Nobel Prize. With Henri Becquerel and her husband, Pierre Curie, she was awarded the 1903... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Garry-Winogrand" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-130/images/shared/default3.png?v=3.130.14" class="default col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Garry-Winogrand" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Garry Winogrand</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Garry Winogrand was an American street photographer known for his spontaneous images of people in public engaged in everyday life, particularly of New Yorkers during the 1960s. His unusual camera angles,... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edward-Weston-American-photographer" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/83/42483-004-E472AD6B/Edward-Weston-photograph-Point-Lobos-Imogen-Cunningham-1945.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Edward Weston at Point Lobos, 1945, photograph by Imogen Cunningham." class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edward-Weston-American-photographer" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Edward Weston</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Edward Weston was a major American photographer of the early to mid-20th century, best known for his carefully composed, sharply focused images of natural forms, landscapes, and nudes. His work influenced... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/holography" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/48/3248-004-BAEE18D6/Gabor-method-holograms.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="hologram graphic" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/holography" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">holography</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Holography, means of creating a unique photographic image without the use of a lens. The photographic recording of the image is called a hologram, which appears to be an unrecognizable pattern of stripes... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/technology-of-photography" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/82/3482-050-4B1C5745/Sequence-photographing-process-print-scene.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="sequence of negative–positive process" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/technology-of-photography" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">technology of photography</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Technology of photography, equipment, techniques, and processes used in the production of photographs. The most widely used photographic process is the black-and-white negative–positive system (Figure... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Claude-Cahun" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/32/261732-050-DDAA3E52/claude-cahun-self-portrait-1928.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Claude Cahun" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Claude-Cahun" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Claude Cahun</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Claude Cahun was a French writer, photographer, Surrealist, and performance artist who was largely written out of art history until the late 1980s, when her photographs were included in an exhibition of... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lee-Miller" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/02/218802-050-71F35992/Frederick-Laws-Lee-Miller-at-Pablo-Picasso-play-Desire-Caught-By-The-Tail.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Lee Miller and Frederick Laws" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lee-Miller" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Lee Miller</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Lee Miller was an American photographer, Surrealist artist, and model who might have been known primarily as the muse and lover of the Surrealist artist Man Ray had her son not discovered and promoted... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/art/street-photography" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/40/75540-050-0591F6CC/Winter-Fifth-Avenue-Alfred-Stieglitz-Camera-Work-October-1905.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Stieglitz, Alfred: Winter, Fifth Avenue" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/art/street-photography" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">street photography</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Street photography, a genre of photography that records everyday life in a public place. The very publicness of the setting enables the photographer to take candid pictures of strangers, often without... </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-10 d-inline-flex js-pin col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25 "> <div class="card text-normal col-100 "> <div class="card-media position-relative"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henri-Cartier-Bresson" style="--aspect-ratio: 16/9"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/97/68997-050-3EAB552B/Henri-Cartier-Bresson.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop" alt="Henri Cartier-Bresson" class="col-100" /> </a> </div> <div class="col"> <div class="card-body text-hyphenate"> <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henri-Cartier-Bresson" class="font-weight-bold font-16 lh-sm">Henri Cartier-Bresson</a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Henri Cartier-Bresson was a French photographer whose humane, spontaneous photographs helped establish photojournalism as an art form. 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