CINXE.COM

New Articles | Britannica

<!doctype html> <html lang="en" class="newarticle-desktop ui-ie7 ui-ie"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-134"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-134"> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js" /> <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.png" /> <meta name="description" content="Explore the fact-checked online encyclopedia from Encyclopaedia Britannica with hundreds of thousands of objective articles, biographies, videos, and images from experts."/> <meta name="keywords" content="britannica, reference, online, encyclopedia, encyclopaedia, store, dictionary, thesaurus" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.britannica.com/new-articles" /> <title>New Articles | Britannica</title> <!-- **** cafemedia top **** --> <script> !function(){"use strict";function e(e){const t=e.match(/((?=([a-z0-9._!#$%+^&*()[\]<>-]+))\2@[a-z0-9._-]+\.[a-z0-9._-]+)/gi);return t?t[0]:""}function t(t){return e(a(t.toLowerCase()))}function a(e){return e.replace(/\s/g,"")}async function n(e){const t={sha256Hash:"",sha1Hash:""};if(!("msCrypto"in window)&&"https:"===location.protocol&&"crypto"in window&&"TextEncoder"in window){const a=(new TextEncoder).encode(e),[n,c]=await Promise.all([s("SHA-256",a),s("SHA-1",a)]);t.sha256Hash=n,t.sha1Hash=c}return t}async function s(e,t){const a=await crypto.subtle.digest(e,t);return Array.from(new Uint8Array(a)).map(e=>("00"+e.toString(16)).slice(-2)).join("")}function c(e){let t=!0;return Object.keys(e).forEach(a=>{0===e[a].length&&(t=!1)}),t}function i(e,t,a){e.splice(t,1);const n="?"+e.join("&")+a.hash;history.replaceState(null,"",n)}var o={checkEmail:e,validateEmail:t,trimInput:a,hashEmail:n,hasHashes:c,removeEmailAndReplaceHistory:i,detectEmails:async function(){const e=new URL(window.location.href),a=Array.from(e.searchParams.entries()).map(e=>`=`);let s,o;const r=["adt_eih","sh_kit"];if(a.forEach((e,t)=>{const a=decodeURIComponent(e),[n,c]=a.split("=");if("adt_ei"===n&&(s={value:c,index:t,emsrc:"url"}),r.includes(n)){o={value:c,index:t,emsrc:"sh_kit"===n?"urlhck":"urlh"}}}),s)t(s.value)&&n(s.value).then(e=>{if(c(e)){const t={value:e,created:Date.now()};localStorage.setItem("adt_ei",JSON.stringify(t)),localStorage.setItem("adt_emsrc",s.emsrc)}});else if(o){const e={value:{sha256Hash:o.value,sha1Hash:""},created:Date.now()};localStorage.setItem("adt_ei",JSON.stringify(e)),localStorage.setItem("adt_emsrc",o.emsrc)}s&&i(a,s.index,e),o&&i(a,o.index,e)},cb:"adthrive"};const{detectEmails:r,cb:l}=o;r()}(); </script> <script type="text/javascript" data-type="Init Mendel"> window.$UI = {}; window.Constants = {"LICENSE_URL": "/bps/license","DEFAULT_TEST_VERSION": "A","DEFAULT_STATE": "XX","QUIZ_URL": "/quiz","SPOTLIGHT_BROWSE_URL": "/stories/spotlight","CONTENT_TYPE_TEXT": "text/plain;charset=UTF-8","TOPIC_FACTS_DATA_URL": "/facts","QUIZ_BROWSE_IMAGE_QUIZZES": "images","TOPIC_MEDIA_PATH": "/images-videos","USER_PROFILE_URL": "/user","DEBUG_URL": "/debug","ONE_GOOD_FACT_URL": "/one-good-fact","ERROR_404_URL": "/error404","PROCON_CITED_IN_THE_NEWS_URL": "/procon/ProCon-in-the-News","PROCON_URL": "/procon","TOPIC_PAGE_CONTENT_AJAX_URL": "/topic-content/page","INFINITE_SCROLL_PREFIX_URL": "/scroll","TOPIC_TOP_QUESTION_BROWSE_URL": "/questions","CC_USD": "USD","domain": "britannica.com","PROCON_EDITOR_ID": "12941390","SURVEY_URL": "/survey","CATEGORY_BROWSE_URL": "/browse","STORY_BROWSE_URL": "/stories","COUNTRY_US": "US","OPEN_MEDIA_OVERLAY_PARAMETER": "/media","NEWSLETTER_SUBSCRIPTION_URL": "/newsletter-subscription","MAINTENANCE_ERROR_URL": "https://maintenance.eb.com","IMARS_EDITOR_ID": "12365882","PROFILE_EB_EDITOR_URL": "/editor","WEB_INF_RESOURCES_PATH": "WEB-INF/resources","AI_ABOUT_PAGE_URL": "/about-britannica-ai","TOPIC_ADDITIONAL_INFO_PATH": "/additional-info","SUDOKU_GAME_URL": "/games/sudoku","CC_INR": "INR","ARTICLE_PRINT_URL": "/print/article","FIRST_EDITION_URL": "/subscriber/firstedition","WW1_PORTAL_URL": "/discover/World-War-I","MENDEL_COOKIE": "__mendel","topicUrlClasses": "[topic, animal, art, biography, event, place, plant, science, sports, technology, procon, money]","DEMYSTIFIED_BROWSE_URL": "/stories/demystified","LIST_BROWSE_URL": "/list/browse","PROFILE_EXPERT_URL": "/contributor","ASSEMBLY_IMAGE_URL": "/image/assembly","DAY_IN_HISTORY_URL": "/on-this-day","DEFAULT_CURRENCY": "USD","CONTENT_TYPE_XML": "text/xml;charset=UTF-8","PORTAL_FINANCE_BROWSE_URL_PREFIX": "/money/browse","ERROR_400_URL": "/error400","MONEY_IMARS_CATEGORY": "13000","AJAX_PREFIX_URL": "/ajax","TOPIC_BROWSE_URL": "/topic-browse","MARKETING_CONTENT": "/marketing-content","ENV_RUNTIME": "runtime","GALLERY_URL": "/gallery","topicUrlClassesList": "topic|animal|art|biography|event|place|plant|science|sports|technology|procon","CONTENT_TYPE_HTML": "text/html;charset=UTF-8","ENV_LOCAL": "override","MEDIA_OVERLAY_URL": "/media-overlay","CHATBOT_PAGE_URL": "/chatbot","NEWSLETTER_PAGE_URL": "/newsletters","EXPLORE_URL": "/explore","ENV_DEV": "development","MEDIA_URL": "/media","TOPIC_TOP_QUESTION_URL": "/question","PORTAL_FINANCE_URL_PREFIX": "/money","PODCASTS_URL": "/podcasts","STAND_ALONE_VIDEO_URL": "/video","MORE_ON_THIS_DAY_URL": "/more-on-this-day","TOPIC_QUOTES_URL": "/quotes","SEARCH_PAGE_URL": "/search","PROCON_CLASS": "PROCON","KUSTOM_MENDEL_APPLICATION_ID": "1","TOPIC_CONTENT_AJAX_URL": "/topic-content/topic","ENV_BRANCH": "branch","ERROR_URL": "/error","MAIN_VERSION": "mainVersion","TOPIC_COLLECTION_URL": "/summary","LOGINBOX_URL": "/auth/loginbox","PROCON_DEBATE_TOPICS_URL": "/procon/Debate-Topics","ONE_GOOD_FACT_BROWSE_URL": "/one-good-fact/all-good-facts","QUIZ_BROWSE_URL": "/quiz/browse","BIO_BROWSE_URL": "/browse/biographies","LIST_URL": "/list","TIGHTROPE_QUIZ_URL": "/quiz/tightrope","ALPHA_BROWSE_URL": "/sitemap","CONTENT_TYPE_JSON": "application/json","DICTIONARY_URL": "/dictionary","COBRAND_IMAGE_URL": "/image/cobrand","PROCON_IN_THE_NEWS_URL": "/procon/pro-and-con-issues-in-the-news","PROCON_BROWSE_URL": "/procon","QUIZ_BROWSE_VOCAB_QUIZZES": "vocabulary-quizzes","SUBMISSION_URL": "/submission","EB_LOG_OUT": "/auth2/logout","ENV_PRODUCTION": "production","TOPIC_AJAX_URL": "/ajax/topic","TOPIC_SUMMARY_BROWSE_URL": "/summaries","WTFACT_BROWSE_URL": "/stories/wtfact","EXPLORE_OLD_PORTAL_URL": "/explore-old","VIDEO_CHANNEL_URL": "/videos","GALLERY_BROWSE_URL": "/gallery/browse","CACHE_URL": "/cache","PROCON_ABOUT_URL": "/procon/About-ProCon","COMPANION_BROWSE_URL": "/stories/companion","MEDIA_FOLDER": "/eb-media","SHOW_ALL_CONTRIBUTORS": "/additional-info#contributors","BRITANNICA_EDITORS_ID": "4419","ENV_CACHE_DISABLED": "mendelCache","CALCULATORS_BROWSE_URL": "/calculators","STORY_URL": "/story","DEFAULT_COUNTRY": "US","NAVBAR_URL": "/ajax/navbar","EB_LOGIN_URL": "/auth/eb-login","NEW_ARTICLES_URL": "/new-articles",}; window.CDN = "https://cdn.britannica.com"; window.CAM_SETTINGS_URL = "https://cam.britannica.com/settings"; window.CAM_LOGIN_URL = "https://cam.britannica.com/login"; window.CAM_SIGN_UP_URL = "https://cam.britannica.com/registration" window.Mendel = { "config" : { "domain": "britannica.com", "page": "NewArticle", "videoPlayerId": "UyMCoK2v", "sharedUrl": "https://www.britannica.com/new-articles", "amuselabsUrl": "https://cdn3.amuselabs.com", "resourcesPrefixUrl": "https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-134/[url]?v=3.134.26", "date": 20250406, "userInfo": { "type": "ANONYMOUS" ,"currency": "AUUS" ,"country": "SG" ,"state": "XX" ,"timezone": "Asia/Singapore" ,"bcomId": "8022389586422320333" ,"hasAds": true ,"testVersion": "B" ,"adsTestVersion": "B" ,"consumerId": "" ,"instId": "" ,"consumerUserName": "" ,"instUserName": "" ,"cognito": null }, "tvs":{ "r":[25,25,25,25], "a": [25,25,45,5]}, "isLoggedInAsUser": false, "isPhone": false, "isDesktop": true, "logoutUrl": "/auth2/logout", "selfServiceUrl": "https://myaccount.britannica.com", "cdnUrl": "https://cdn.britannica.com", "chatbotApi": "https://www.britannica.com/chat-api", "fetchOffset": 800, "mendelCookieName": "__mendel", "mendelCookie": {"surveyShown":false,"visitedTopicId":0,"currentDate":20250406}, "autocompleteToSearchPage": false }, "GA": {"leg":"B","adLeg":"B","userType":"ANONYMOUS","pageType":"NewArticle","gisted":false,"pageNumber":1,"hasSummarizeButton":false,"hasAskButton":false,"hasAiTopQuestions":false,"hasSimplifyButton":false} }; </script> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1887621861548296"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@britannica" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-134/images/social/eb-thistle-social-image.jpg?v=3.134.26" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content=""/> <meta property="og:type" content="WEBSITE"/> <meta property="og:title" content="New Articles | Britannica"/> <meta property="og:description" content=""/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Encyclopedia Britannica" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.britannica.com/new-articles"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-134/images/social/eb-thistle-social-image.jpg?v=3.134.26" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="" /> <script type="text/javascript" data-type="init opengraph"> Mendel.openGraph = {"type":"WEBSITE","title":"New Articles","imageUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-134/images/social/eb-thistle-social-image.jpg?v=3.134.26","pageUrl":"https://www.britannica.com/new-articles"}</script> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/" > <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons"> <link href="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-134/dist/vendor-bundle.css?v=3.134.26" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-134/dist/mendel-css.css?v=3.134.26" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-134/dist/new-article-page.css?v=3.134.26" rel="stylesheet" /> <script type="text/javascript"> if (self !== top) { top.location = self.location; } </script> <script src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-134/js/at.js?v=3.134.26" async ></script> <script> dataLayer = []; </script> <script type="text/javascript">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= '//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5W6NC8'); </script> </head> <body data-leg="B" class="new-articles user-ANONYMOUS user-ads md-desktop leg-b b-ie"> <!-- **** cafemedia **** --> <script>Mendel.config.adProvider='cafemedia';</script> <script data-no-optimize="1" data-cfasync="false"> (function(w, d) { w.adthrive = w.adthrive || {}; w.adthrive.cmd = w. adthrive.cmd || []; w.adthrive.plugin = 'adthrive-ads-manual'; w.adthrive.host = 'ads.adthrive.com';var s = d.createElement('script'); s.async = true; s.referrerpolicy='no-referrer-when-downgrade'; s.src = 'https://' + w.adthrive.host + '/sites/61575e5c934c481d714b3ca9/ads.min.js?referrer=' + w.encodeURIComponent(w.location.href) + '&cb=' + (Math.floor(Math.random() * 100) + 1); var n = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; n.parentNode.insertBefore(s, n); })(window, document); </script> <div class="ie-warning d-flex align-items-center align-self-center justify-content-center site-alert bg-orange"> <div> You are using an <strong>outdated</strong> browser. Please <a class="text-white text-underscore" href="https://browsehappy.com/">upgrade your browser</a> to improve your experience and security. </div> </div> <script id="json-navbar-info" type="application/json"> {"topSectionLinks":[{"title":"Ask the Chatbot","url":"/chatbot","navbarId":"CHATBOT"},{"title":"Games & Quizzes","url":"/quiz/browse","navbarId":"QUIZZES"},{"title":"History & Society","url":"/History-Society","navbarId":"HISTORY"},{"title":"Science & Tech","url":"/Science-Tech","navbarId":"SCIENCE"},{"title":"Biographies","url":"/Biographies","navbarId":"BIOS"},{"title":"Animals & Nature","url":"/Animals-Nature","navbarId":"ANIMALS"},{"title":"Geography & Travel","url":"/Geography-Travel","navbarId":"GEOGRAPHY"},{"title":"Arts & Culture","url":"/Arts-Culture","navbarId":"ART"},{"title":"ProCon","url":"/procon","navbarId":"PROCON"},{"title":"Money","url":"/money","navbarId":"MONEY"},{"title":"Videos","url":"/videos","navbarId":"VIDEOS"}]} </script> <script id="json-hamburger-menu" type="application/json"> {"britannicaMenu1":[{"title":"Home","url":"/"},{"title":"History & Society","url":"/History-Society"},{"title":"Science & Tech","url":"/Science-Tech"},{"title":"Biographies","url":"/Biographies"},{"title":"Animals & Nature","url":"/Animals-Nature"},{"title":"Geography & Travel","url":"/Geography-Travel"},{"title":"Arts & Culture","url":"/Arts-Culture"},{"title":"ProCon","url":"/procon"},{"title":"Money","url":"/money"}],"britannicaMenu2":[{"title":"Games & Quizzes","url":"/quiz/browse"},{"title":"Videos","url":"/videos"},{"title":"On This Day","url":"/on-this-day"},{"title":"One Good Fact","url":"/one-good-fact"},{"title":"Dictionary","url":"/dictionary"},{"title":"New Articles","url":"/new-articles"}],"browseByCategory":[{"title":{"id":5,"title":"History & Society","url":"/History-Society"},"links":[{"title":"Lifestyles & Social Issues","url":"/browse/Lifestyles-Social-Issues"},{"title":"Philosophy & Religion","url":"/browse/Philosophy-Religion"},{"title":"Politics, Law & Government","url":"/browse/Politics-Law-Government"},{"title":"World History","url":"/browse/World-History"}]},{"title":{"id":6,"title":"Science & Tech","url":"/Science-Tech"},"links":[{"title":"Health & Medicine","url":"/browse/Health-Medicine"},{"title":"Science","url":"/browse/Science"},{"title":"Technology","url":"/browse/Technology"}]},{"title":{"id":3,"title":"Biographies","url":"/Biographies"},"links":[{"title":"Browse Biographies","url":"/browse/biographies"}]},{"title":{"id":1,"title":"Animals & Nature","url":"/Animals-Nature"},"links":[{"title":"Birds, Reptiles & Other Vertebrates","url":"/browse/Birds-Reptiles-Vertebrates"},{"title":"Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates","url":"/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates"},{"title":"Environment","url":"/browse/Environment"},{"title":"Fossils & Geologic Time","url":"/browse/Fossil-Geologic-Time"},{"title":"Mammals","url":"/browse/Mammals"},{"title":"Plants","url":"/browse/Plants"}]},{"title":{"id":4,"title":"Geography & Travel","url":"/Geography-Travel"},"links":[{"title":"Geography & Travel","url":"/browse/Geography-Travel"}]},{"title":{"id":2,"title":"Arts & Culture","url":"/Arts-Culture"},"links":[{"title":"Entertainment & Pop Culture","url":"/browse/Entertainment-Pop-Culture"},{"title":"Literature","url":"/browse/Literature"},{"title":"Sports & Recreation","url":"/browse/Sports-Recreation"},{"title":"Visual Arts","url":"/browse/Visual-Arts"}]}],"browseByFeature":[{"title":"Companions","url":"/stories/companion"},{"title":"Demystified","url":"/stories/demystified"},{"title":"Image Galleries","url":"/gallery/browse"},{"title":"Lists","url":"/list/browse"},{"title":"Podcasts","url":"/podcasts"},{"title":"Spotlight","url":"/stories/spotlight"},{"title":"Summaries","url":"/summary"},{"title":"Top Questions","url":"/question"},{"title":"#WTFact","url":"/stories/wtfact"}],"moreFromBritannica":[{"title":"Britannica Kids","url":"https://kids.britannica.com/","newTab":true}],"menuType":"DEFAULT"} </script> <header id="header" class="bg-navy-dark"> <div class="global-nav-top-bar"> <div class="grid gx-0 h-100 justify-content-between align-items-center container-lg mx-auto p-0 position-relative"> <div class="d-flex align-items-center"> <button class="d-flex align-items-center justify-self-start js-toggle js-toggle-hamburger btn btn-link link-white btn-sm rounded-0 p-10"> <div class="hamburger-tooltip"> <em class="material-icons d-inline-block font-24" id="nav-toggle" data-icon="menu"></em> </div> <em class="material-icons d-inline-block font-24 global-nav-search-icon" id="nav-search-icon" data-icon="search" ></em> </button> <a href="/" class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center ml-10"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/eb-logo/MendelNewThistleLogo.png" alt="Encyclopedia Britannica" class="global-nav-logo global-nav-logo-left" /> </a> <div class="global-nav-top-search-bar global-nav-top-search-container global-nav-search-container" id="global-nav-top-search-bar"> <form method="get" action="/search" id="global-nav-search" class="md-search-form m-0 global-nav-search-bar-small"> <div class="search-box position-relative col-100"> <label class="sr-only" for="global-nav-search-query">Search Britannica</label> <input name="query" id="global-nav-search-query" placeholder="Search Britannica..." class="form-control form-control-lg rounded-lg font-16 search-query pl-20 pr-70 shadow-sm" maxlength="200" autocomplete="off" aria-label="Search Britannica" /> <button class="search-reset-btn btn btn-link px-10 position-absolute top-0 h-100 d-none" type="reset"> <em class="material-icons" data-icon="close"></em> </button> <button class="search-submit btn btn-link text-blue px-10 position-absolute top-0 right-0 h-100" type="submit" disabled> <span class="sr-only">Click here to search</span> <em class="material-icons search-icon" data-icon="search"></em> </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <a href="/" class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/eb-logo/MendelNewThistleLogo.png" alt="Encyclopedia Britannica" class="global-nav-center global-nav-logo non-homepage-logo" /> </a> <form method="get" action="/search" id="global-nav-search" class="md-search-form m-0 global-nav-search-bar-small global-nav-center search global-nav-center-search-container"> <div class="search-box position-relative col-100"> <label class="sr-only" for="global-nav-search-query">Search Britannica</label> <input name="query" id="global-nav-search-query" placeholder="Search Britannica..." class="form-control form-control-lg rounded-lg font-16 search-query pl-20 pr-70 shadow-sm" maxlength="200" autocomplete="off" aria-label="Search Britannica" /> <button class="search-reset-btn btn btn-link px-10 position-absolute top-0 h-100 d-none" type="reset"> <em class="material-icons" data-icon="close"></em> </button> <button class="search-submit btn btn-link text-blue px-10 position-absolute top-0 right-0 h-100" type="submit" disabled> <span class="sr-only">Click here to search</span> <em class="material-icons search-icon" data-icon="search"></em> </button> </div> </form> <div class="col-35 col-sm-auto text-right order-3 mr-lg-15 align-items-center d-flex justify-content-end"> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block"> <SPAN class="marketing-HEADER_SUBSCRIPTION_DESKTOP2 marketing-content" data-marketing-id="HEADER_SUBSCRIPTION_DESKTOP2"><a href="https://premium.britannica.com/premium-membership/?utm_source=premium&utm_medium=global-nav&utm_campaign=evergreen-cap" class="subscribe-link btn btn-sm btn-orange py-5 mr-10" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> SUBSCRIBE </a></SPAN></div> <div class="d-inline-block d-md-none mr-5 mr-sm-10"> <SPAN class="marketing-HEADER_SUBSCRIPTION_MOBILE marketing-content" data-marketing-id="HEADER_SUBSCRIPTION_MOBILE"><a href="https://premium.britannica.com/premium-membership/?utm_source=premium&utm_medium=global-nav-mobile&utm_campaign=evergreen" class="subscribe-link btn btn-xs btn-orange p-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> SUBSCRIBE </a></SPAN></div> <button class="js-toggle-user-dropdown js-toggle btn btn-sm btn-link link-white rounded-0 px-md-15 pl-5 pr-5"> <span class="d-none d-md-inline-block mr-5">Login</span> <em class="material-icons d-inline-block d-md-none font-16 font-sm-20" data-icon="account_circle"></em> <div class="d-none dropdown-menu-subscription-link">https://premium.britannica.com/premium-membership/?utm_source=premium&utm_medium=nav-login-box&utm_campaign=evergreen</div> <em class="material-icons inactive-icon d-inline-block font-18" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_down"></em> <em class="material-icons active-icon d-inline-block font-18" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_up"></em> </button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-none hamburger-menu-subscription-link"><DIV class="marketing-HAMBURGER_MENU_CTA marketing-content" data-marketing-id="HAMBURGER_MENU_CTA"><a href="https://premium.britannica.com/premium-membership/?utm_source=premium&utm_medium=hamburger-menu&utm_campaign=evergreen" class="subscribe-link btn btn-sm btn-orange py-5" target="_blank"> SUBSCRIBE </a></DIV></div> <div id="global-nav-react"> <div class="d-none"> <ul> <li><a href="/">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/History-Society">History & Society</a></li> <li><a href="/Science-Tech">Science & Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/Biographies">Biographies</a></li> <li><a href="/Animals-Nature">Animals & Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/Geography-Travel">Geography & Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/Arts-Culture">Arts & Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/procon">ProCon</a></li> <li><a href="/money">Money</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/quiz/browse">Games & Quizzes</a></li> <li><a href="/videos">Videos</a></li> <li><a href="/on-this-day">On This Day</a></li> <li><a href="/one-good-fact">One Good Fact</a></li> <li><a href="/dictionary">Dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="/new-articles">New Articles</a></li> </ul> <a href="/History-Society">History & Society</a> <ul> <li><a href="/browse/Lifestyles-Social-Issues">Lifestyles & Social Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Philosophy-Religion">Philosophy & Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Politics-Law-Government">Politics, Law & Government</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/World-History">World History</a></li> </ul> <a href="/Science-Tech">Science & Tech</a> <ul> <li><a href="/browse/Health-Medicine">Health & Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Technology">Technology</a></li> </ul> <a href="/Biographies">Biographies</a> <ul> <li><a href="/browse/biographies">Browse Biographies</a></li> </ul> <a href="/Animals-Nature">Animals & Nature</a> <ul> <li><a href="/browse/Birds-Reptiles-Vertebrates">Birds, Reptiles & Other Vertebrates</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Bugs-Mollusks-Invertebrates">Bugs, Mollusks & Other Invertebrates</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Environment">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Fossil-Geologic-Time">Fossils & Geologic Time</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Mammals">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Plants">Plants</a></li> </ul> <a href="/Geography-Travel">Geography & Travel</a> <ul> <li><a href="/browse/Geography-Travel">Geography & Travel</a></li> </ul> <a href="/Arts-Culture">Arts & Culture</a> <ul> <li><a href="/browse/Entertainment-Pop-Culture">Entertainment & Pop Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Sports-Recreation">Sports & Recreation</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/Visual-Arts">Visual Arts</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/stories/companion">Companions</a></li> <li><a href="/stories/demystified">Demystified</a></li> <li><a href="/gallery/browse">Image Galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/list/browse">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/stories/spotlight">Spotlight</a></li> <li><a href="/summary">Summaries</a></li> <li><a href="/question">Top Questions</a></li> <li><a href="/stories/wtfact">#WTFact</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://kids.britannica.com/">Britannica Kids</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </header> <div class="bg-navy-dark"> <div class="container-lg p-0 d-flex justify-content-center global-nav-categories-bar overflow-hidden"> <div class="slider js-slider position-relative d-inline-flex align-items-center mw-100 global-nav-slider category-snap-slider"> <div class="slider-container js-slider-container overflow-hidden d-flex font-14 overflow-hidden text-nowrap mx-5"> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-CHATBOT " href="/chatbot">Ask the Chatbot</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-QUIZZES " href="/quiz/browse">Games & Quizzes</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-HISTORY " href="/History-Society">History & Society</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-SCIENCE " href="/Science-Tech">Science & Tech</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-BIOS " href="/Biographies">Biographies</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-ANIMALS " href="/Animals-Nature">Animals & Nature</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-GEOGRAPHY " href="/Geography-Travel">Geography & Travel</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-ART " href="/Arts-Culture">Arts & Culture</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-PROCON " href="/procon">ProCon</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-MONEY " href="/money">Money</a> <a class="nav-bar-category mx-5 category-link-VIDEOS " href="/videos">Videos</a> </div> <button disabled class="prev-button js-prev-button position-absolute btn btn-circle shadow btn-blue " aria-label="Previous"> <span class="material-icons md-24" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_left"></span> </button> <button disabled class="next-button js-next-button position-absolute btn btn-circle shadow btn-blue " aria-label="Next"> <span class="material-icons md-24" data-icon="keyboard_arrow_right"></span> </button> </div> </div> </div> <main> <div class="md-page-wrapper"> <div id="content" class="md-content"> <div class="container"> <h1>New Articles</h1> <ul class="list-unstyled new-articles-list"> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Major-Executive-Orders-Issued-by-U-S-Pres-Donald-Trump-During-His-Second-Term-of-Office"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/68/216668-050-DD3A9D0A/United-States-President-Donald-Trump-2017.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Donald Trump" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Major Executive Orders Issued by U.S. Pres. Donald Trump During His Second Term of Office (2025– )</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">U.S. Pres. Donald Trump signed 26 executive orders on January 20, 2025, a record number for the first day of a presidential term. The orders issued on that day and during the following weeks were not only numerous but also wide-ranging and assertive of Trump’s bold campaign promises of significant...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eve-Babitz"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/33/269433-050-130226C0/Eve-Babitz-American-visual-artist-and-author-holds-her-book-LA-Woman-April-1997-Los-Angeles-California.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Eve Babitz" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Eve Babitz</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">In the 1970s American writer and artist Eve Babitz began chronicling her wild life and times growing up in Los Angeles and her involvement in Southern California’s counterculture. In books such as Eve’s Hollywood (1972) and Slow Days, Fast Company (1974), Babitz displayed a writing style as...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Under-the-Net"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/12/263012-050-DBD0A112/author-iris-murdoch-1987.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Iris Murdoch" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Under the Net</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Under the Net, first published novel by British author and philosopher Iris Murdoch. Appearing in 1954, Under the Net captures the exuberant spirit of freedom in postwar Europe and exhibits Murdoch’s trademark combination of wit and high seriousness. . Jake Donaghue, the novel’s swashbuckling...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/How-Do-Fireflies-Light-Up"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/25/225325-050-11E36A99/Eastern-firefly-Photinus-pyralis-flying-at-late-evening-in-Georgia-US.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Bioluminescence in a firefly" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">How Do Fireflies Light Up?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Fireflies light up summer nights using a chemical process known as bioluminescence, the key chemical players of which are the light-emitting compound luciferin and the enzyme luciferase. Luciferin, in the presence of luciferase, undergoes oxidation, resulting in the production of oxyluciferin, an...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Veronika-Decides-to-Die"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/67/126567-050-A5C3A312/Paulo-Coelho-departure-themes-thriller-serial-killer-2008.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Paulo Coelho" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Veronika Decides to Die</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Veronika Decides to Die, novel by Brazilian writer Paulo Coelho. It was first published in Portuguese as Veronika decide morrer in 1998 and appeared in English in 1999. The novel is set in Ljubljana, Slovenia, where, with a steady stream of boyfriends, a secure job in a library, an apartment of her...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/How-Is-Silk-Made"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/77/123077-050-BC6A2258/Silk-Surin-Thai.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Silk fabric" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">How Is Silk Made?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">The journey of silk begins with the silkworm, specifically the domesticated silkworm known as Bombyx mori. This caterpillar is raised in a process called sericulture, where it is fed mulberry leaves until it is ready to spin a cocoon. The silkworm builds the cocoon by producing and surrounding...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Moulton-Marston"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/25/269525-050-A3D63E18/dr-william-moulton-marston-checking-pulse-and-blood-pressure-as-part-of-lie-detector.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="William Moulton Marston, a pioneer in developing the lie detector" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">William Moulton Marston</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">William Moulton Marstonwas an American psychologist who is best remembered for his contributions to two distinct fields: psychology and comic books. His work led to the invention of an early prototype of the lie detector test, which was developed from ideas Marston formulated with his wife,...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/sports/What-Are-Torpedo-Bats"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/52/271152-050-B35CCDBA/A-torpedo-bat-on-left-next-to-traditional-baseball-bat-in-dugout-at-Rogers-Centre-during-MLB-game-March-31-2025.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Torpedo bat vs. traditional bat" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">What Are Torpedo Bats?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Torpedo bat vs. traditional batThe newly designed torpedo bat (left) next to a conventionally shaped bat in the dugout during a Toronto Blue Jays–Washington Nationals game in Toronto, March 31, 2025.© Mark Blinch/Getty Images The torpedo bat, also called the bowling pin bat, is a new baseball bat...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/How-Is-Honey-Made"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/61/270861-050-23DB1B30/Honey-bees-flying-in-and-around-a-honeycomb-in-an-apiary.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Hard-working honeybees" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">How Is Honey Made?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Only a handful of the more than 20,000 species of bees on Earth make honey, with domesticated honeybees (Apis mellifera) being the major source of the sweet liquid. Honeybees first collect nectar from flowers (and sometimes non-floral nectar sources) and store it in their “honey stomachs.” As the...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/How-Hot-Is-the-Sun"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/00/254900-050-AECD7629/The-sun-has-had-no-sunspots-for-almost-two-weeks.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Sun without sunspots" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">How Hot Is the Sun?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">The surface of the Sun, known as the photosphere, reaches a temperature of about 5,800 kelvin (K; 10,000 degrees °F). This intense heat is what gives the Sun its glow, providing the warmth necessary for life on Earth. Deep within the Sun, the temperature in the core is 15 million kelvin (27 million...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/How-Was-Mount-Rushmore-Built"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/26/153826-050-D85FC429/Sculpture-construction-Abraham-Lincoln-South-Dakota-Mount.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Mount Rushmore National Memorial" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">How Was Mount Rushmore Built?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">The idea for what became Mount Rushmore National Memorial was proposed in 1923 by South Dakota state historian Doane Robinson, who wanted to promote tourism. However, it was American sculptor Gutzon Borglum who brought the project to life. Borglum envisioned a grand monument that would symbolize...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/How-is-Sugar-Made"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/48/648-004-40859982/Structures-sugarcane-sugar-beet.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Sugar crops" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">How Is Sugar Made?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Sugar production starts with either sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) or sugar beets (Beta vulgaris), the two primary sources of sucrose. Sucrose is found in many plants, but it occurs at concentrations high enough for economic recovery only in those two; the sugar maple tree and the date palm also...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marcus-Samuelsson"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/00/268900-050-C2972AF3/marcus-samuelsson-attends-the-national-board-of-review-awards-gala-march-15-2022.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Marcus Samuelsson" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Marcus Samuelsson</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Marcus Samuelssonis an Ethiopian-born chef, restaurateur, author, and television personality. In 1995, as executive chef of Aquavit, a Scandinavian restaurant in New York City, Samuelsson, at age 24, became the youngest chef to earn a three-star rating from The New York Times. He has won many...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/Whats-the-Difference-Between-a-Symphony-and-an-Orchestra"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/86/227786-050-08286DE8/group-of-musicians-on-stage-Boston-Massachusetts.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Orchestra" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">What’s the Difference Between a Symphony and an Orchestra?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">The relationship between a symphony and an orchestra is that the orchestra is the ensemble that performs the symphony. While a symphony is a type of musical composition, the orchestra is the group of musicians that brings it to life. A symphony is a large-scale musical composition, typically...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/perseveration"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-134/images/shared/default3.png?v=3.134.26" class="default " /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">perseveration</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Perseveration, the repetitive and uncontrollable continuation of a thought, behavior, or response, even when it is no longer appropriate or relevant. Perseveration commonly is associated with neurological disorders, brain injuries, and psychiatric conditions and can have a significant impact on a...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Can-a-U-S-President-Serve-a-Third-Term"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/58/216658-050-B46D9B74/president-franklin-d-roosevelt-1940.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Franklin D. Roosevelt" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Can a U.S. President Serve a Third Term?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Among legal scholars, pundits, and politicians, the most common answer to this question is no. According to this view, the Twenty-second Amendment (1951) to the Constitution of the United States effectively prohibits any twice-elected president from serving a third term; it also blocks a second...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/How-Much-Does-an-Elephant-Weigh"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/72/272-050-E1965E27/African-elephant-Kenya.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="The largest living land mammal on Earth" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">How Much Does an Elephant Weigh?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">The short answer? A lot. The African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), also known as the African savanna elephant, is the largest living land animal on Earth. It can weigh between about 9,900 and 13,500 pounds (between 4,500 kg and 6,100 kg), with some males reaching up to 24,000 pounds (10,886...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Why-Is-Cashmere-Expensive"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/28/528-050-E7D2ADE4/Cashmere-goat.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Can I rub your belly?" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Why Is Cashmere Expensive?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Cashmere is derived from the soft undercoat of the Kashmir goat, a breed that produces a limited amount of this precious fiber. Each goat yields only a few grams to about half a kilogram (1.1 pound) of cashmere annually, making it a scarce resource. To create a single sweater, the fleece of 4 to 6...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/spectral-line"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/03/96903-004-E3150A2B/hydrogen-series-Balmer-lines-level-electron-atom.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Balmer series of hydrogen spectral lines" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">spectral line</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Spectral line, a bright or dark feature in a spectrum caused when a photon of a specific energy changes the state of an ion, atom, or molecule. Spectral lines come in two types: emission and absorption. In emission, the ion, atom, or molecule moves from a high-energy state to a low-energy state and...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/animal/purseweb-spider"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/71/269471-050-5B8D6AFC/Atlantic-purseweb-spider-Sphodros-atlanticus-ambush-predator.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Atlantic purseweb spider" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">purseweb spider</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Purseweb spider, (family Atypidae), family of about 50 species and three genera of stout-bodied burrowing spiders. They are named for their webs, which are long tubes that protrude from their burrows in the shape of an old-fashioned pull-string purse or a stocking. Purseweb spiders inhabit damp...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michael-Schur"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/62/269062-050-421C7178/US-television-producer-and-writer-and-actor-Michael-Schur-arrives-for-Netflix-premiere-of-Man-on-the-Inside-Los-Angeles-November-2024.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Michael Schur" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Michael Schur</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Michael Schur is an American television comedy writer, producer, and director who started his career working on Saturday Night Live (1975– ) and The Office (2005–13). He later established himself as a leading voice of the modern sitcom as creator or cocreator of such popular shows as Parks and...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Common-Sense-by-Paine"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/66/77966-050-D4654542/Title-page-Common-Sense-Thomas-Paine-1776.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Common Sense" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Common Sense</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">On January 10, 1776, Thomas Paine’s, Common Sense was published and became America’s first best-seller with some 120,000 copies sold in less than three months. Within a year of its publication, an estimated 20 percent of the colonial population owned a copy. Paine bragged that the pamphlet’s sales...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lea-Seydoux"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/46/219146-050-D882A1B4/Lea-Seydoux-French-Actress.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Léa Seydoux" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Léa Seydoux</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Léa Seydoux is a French actress known for her varied performances in both French and English in films such as La Belle Personne (2008; The Beautiful Person), Inglourious Basterds (2009), and La Vie d’Adèle (2013; Blue Is the Warmest Color). She is among the first five women to have won a Palme...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/A-Tramp-Abroad"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/59/96659-050-4348D4A3/Mark-Twain.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Mark Twain" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">A Tramp Abroad</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">A Tramp Abroad, jocular travel book by American humorist and novelist Mark Twain that was published in 1880. More than a decade after the enormous success of his first travel book, The Innocents Abroad (1869), a humorous account of the travels of American tourists through Europe, the Holy Land, and...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Shipping-News-by-Proulx"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/59/261059-050-84A637A4/Annie-Proulx-American-Author.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Annie Proulx" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">The Shipping News</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">The Shipping News, novel by American writer Annie Proulx that was published in 1993. It won both a Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award, and it was adapted as a 2001 film. The Shipping News begins by introducing us to Quoyle, a 36-year-old man who lives in a small town in upstate New York. He...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Berthe-Weill"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-134/images/shared/default3.png?v=3.134.26" class="default " /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Berthe Weill</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Berthe Weill was a French art dealer who championed the avant-garde and introduced to Paris many of the most transformative artists of the first half of the 20th century, including Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse. Weill was born in Paris, the fifth of seven children in a large Jewish family of...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/socioeconomic-challenges-in-India"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/20/270520-050-292A4663/Women-Work-At-Mangrove-Nursery-Village-Of-South-24-Parganas-District-West-Bengal-India-July-22-2021.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Hundred days of work" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">socioeconomic challenges in India</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Socioeconomic challenges in India, interconnected social and economic issues that limit the country’s development and affect people’s quality of life, social well-being, and opportunities for growth. These challenges include poverty, unemployment, inequality, and food security. For much of its...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Zavaritzki-caldera"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/39/266139-050-0EDC9AB4/Zavaritzki-caldera-simushir-island-russia-kuril-islands.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Zavaritzki caldera" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Zavaritzki caldera</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Zavaritzki caldera, wide caldera volcano with a summit of 2,008 feet (612 meters) located on Simushir Island in the Kuril Islands. The volcano is part of a system made up of three nested calderas with diameters of 10 km (6.2 miles), 8 km (5 miles), and 3 km (1.9 miles), respectively, that form...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ekrem-Imamoglu"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/06/270806-050-3357F627/Istanbul-mayor-Ekrem-Imamoglu-speaks-to-supporters-at-a-political-campaign-rally-in-the-Maltepe-district-for-Istanbul-Turkey-May-6-2023.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Ekrem İmamoğlu" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Ekrem İmamoğlu</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Ekrem İmamoğlu is a Turkish politician considered one of the best positioned candidates to challenge the rule of Pres. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. From 2019 until his arrest in 2025, İmamoğlu served as mayor of Istanbul, the economic engine of Turkey (Türkiye). He is a senior member of the Republican...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/economy-of-India"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/22/270322-049-B6832CC9/line-graph-of-india-gdp-from-1960-to-today.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="GDP of India, 1960–2023" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">economy of India</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">India’s economy has undergone profound shifts since the country gained independence in 1947, evolving from a largely agrarian system to a high-tech economic powerhouse. Initially shaped by state-led industrialization, the country later embraced free market reforms that opened avenues for private...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Who-Invented-the-High-Five"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/15/237515-004-12AEECBA/Kids-Playing-Soccer-two-girls-giving-a-high-five.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Two girls give each other a high five" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Who Invented the High Five?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">The high five is one of the most popular and recognizable gestures in the world—second, perhaps, only to the traditional handshake. It is the essence of simplicity—a raised hand, traditionally the right, slapped palm to palm by another—and is often used to celebrate accomplishments or to greet or...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dennis-Quaid"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/65/216765-050-1D00A762/American-actor-Dennis-Quaid-2005.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Dennis Quaid" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Dennis Quaid</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Dennis Quaid is a prolific American actor who emerged as a movie star in the 1980s and later overcame career setbacks to stage a comeback. His notable films include Breaking Away (1979), The Right Stuff (1983), Great Balls of Fire! (1989), The Rookie (2002), and Reagan (2024). Quaid was born in...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/animal/desert-tarantula"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/31/158431-050-CA685156/Desert-tarantula.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Desert tarantula" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">desert tarantula</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Desert tarantula, (Aphonopelma chalcodes), large hairy North American spider native to arid regions of Arizona, New Mexico, California, and northern Mexico. The taxonomy of the genus is contentious, and some experts limit this species to the populations in the Arizona region of the Sonoran Desert....</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Toy-Story-franchise"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/56/61156-050-7050A3EE/Scene-Toy-Story.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Toys in a frame" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Toy Story (franchise)</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Toy Story (franchise), franchise owned by the Walt Disney Company. The franchise focuses on toys that come to life when humans aren’t around. In 1991 Pixar entered into an agreement with Disney to jointly develop, produce, and distribute three feature-length animated films. Pixar spent much of the...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/pollution-in-India"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/43/213243-050-58EAA1AA/Air-pollution-Gurgaon-Haryana-state-India.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Air pollution in Gurugram" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">pollution in India</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Pollution in India, environmental contamination in India caused by the addition of volumes of substances at a rate beyond the environment’s ability to absorb them. India faces pollution challenges in air, land, water, and soil resources, with regional challenges of radiation and urban challenges of...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Fei-Fei-Li"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/29/269129-050-6C5C6E26/computer-sciencist-fei-fei-li.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Fei-Fei Li, 2024" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Fei-Fei Li</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Fei-Fei Li is a Chinese American computer scientist widely known as the “Godmother of AI” for her groundbreaking work in computer vision, which serves as a foundation for many image-recognition artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Li was born to Kuang Ying, a secondary-school teacher, and Li Sun,...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ramesh-Sippy"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/51/267151-050-490DC9A9/Indian-bollywood-movie-director-Ramesh-Sippy-with-Kiran-Juneja-2024.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Ramesh Sippy and Kiran Juneja" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Ramesh Sippy</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Ramesh Sippy is an Indian filmmaker noted for his work in Bollywood. He directed the landmark Sholay (1975; “Embers”), which is popularly regarded as the most iconic Hindi-language film, as well as other hits such as Seeta Aur Geeta (1972; “Seeta and Geeta”). He also codirected the acclaimed...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/sports/March-Madness-Mascot-Challenge"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/11/270611-049-F439ABED/ncaa-basketball-2025-mascot-bracket-of-sweet-16.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="March Madness Mascot Challenge" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">March Madness Mascot Challenge</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">It’s March Madness! But don’t forget about the mascots. Since Yale University introduced the first collegiate mascot, a bulldog named Harper (followed by Handsome Dan), in the 1890s, other colleges and universities have adopted their own symbols and monikers to draw attention to their...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/lens-formula"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/82/62982-050-758BC3BA/lenses-curvatures-light-lens-length-ways-distance.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Concave and convex lenses" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">lens formula</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Lens formula, in optics, a formula relating the distance (u) of an object from a lens, the distance (v) of the object’s image from the lens, and the focal length (f) of the lens. The formula is 1 u + 1 f = 1 v .The formula follows the thin lens approximation in which the thickness of the lens is...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/law-of-reciprocal-proportions-chemistry"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-134/images/shared/default3.png?v=3.134.26" class="default " /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">law of reciprocal proportions</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Law of reciprocal proportions, in chemistry, the statement that if the same weight of one element combines separately with two other elements, then the weights of those two elements that combine with each other are related to the weights that combine with the first element by a multiple or a simple...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/money/simple-vs-exponential-moving-averages"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/64/270764-050-D279079F/smas-and-the-long-trend.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="A price chart shows a stock in an uptrend and two moving averages." /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Simple moving average vs. exponential moving average</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">When it comes to analyzing stock trends, price charts are an essential tool. A chart not only helps you contextualize a stock’s current price relative to its past movements, but also clearly shows whether a stock is trending up, down, or sideways. To enhance trend analysis, traders often use moving...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/money/parent-company-and-subsidiaries"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/13/265913-004-5D64463E/Parent-and-Subsidiary-Photo-ilustration-image-Large-shopping-cart-followed-by-two-small-shopping-carts.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Large shopping cart followed by two small shopping carts." /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Parent companies and subsidiaries: A consolidated view</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Mergers and acquisitions (known collectively as M&A) are transactions that bring together two businesses. Mergers typically combine two businesses of similar strength, while an acquisition is the purchase of a smaller company by a bigger one. When two companies merge, the entities become one, and...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/transportation-in-India"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/17/270517-050-E50A1EEA/Vehicles-Ply-On-National-Highway-In-India-November-14-2013.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="National highway" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">transportation in India</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Transportation in India, networks that facilitate mobility and commerce at a national scale. Transportation systems enable the seamless movement of people and goods via roads, railways, waterways, airways, and other modes. These networks are crucial for driving economic activity and integrating...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Supreme-Court-of-India"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-134/images/shared/default3.png?v=3.134.26" class="default " /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Supreme Court of India</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Supreme Court of India, final court of appeal and highest judicial authority in India. Located in New Delhi, the court heads the judicial branch of the Government of India and is independent of the executive and legislative branches. It has broad judicial powers, including the ability to transfer...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Liberty-University"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/90/260890-050-212AE776/liberty-university-lynchburg-virginia-march-31-2020.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Liberty University" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Liberty University</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Liberty University, private Christian institution of higher learning in Lynchburg, Virginia. Founded by minister and televangelist Jerry Falwell, Liberty University is a liberal arts institution and emphasizes fundamentalist Christian values in its programs. The university awards associate’s,...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Shashi-Kapoor"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/01/270401-050-A784DFB6/Portrait-Of-Bollywood-Actor-Shashi-Kapoor-India-1938.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Shashi Kapoor" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Shashi Kapoor</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Shashi Kapoor was an Indian actor and producer whose career spanned more than five decades. Kapoor, known for his versatile acting prowess and charming screen presence, was acclaimed for his work in mainstream Bollywood films as well as art-house productions. He also earned praise for his...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sif"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/14/166514-050-9BC33FE6/Sif.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Sif" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Sif</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Sif, goddess in Norse mythology known as the wife of the thunder god Thor. Her flaxen hair is thought to be connected to fertility and the harvest of grain. She is the mother of the god Ull (or Ullr), a deity of archery and skiing who is Thor’s stepson. Very little is said of Sif in the texts of...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-River-Between"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/58/174158-050-3DC2A906/Ngugi-wa-Thiongo-2012.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Ngugi wa Thiong'o" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">The River Between</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">The River Between, novel by Kenyan writer Ngugi wa Thiong’o, published in 1965. The River Between was Ngugi’s second novel to be published, though it was the first that he wrote, and it burnished his reputation as a major East African writer. The novel is set in the early 1930s in the two highland...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Postman-Always-Rings-Twice-by-Cain"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/16/175116-050-EF1FABF2/John-Garfield-Lana-Turner-The-Postman-Always.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="The Postman Always Rings Twice" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">The Postman Always Rings Twice</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">The Postman Always Rings Twice, novel by American master of hard-boiled fiction James M. Cain, published in 1934. It was adapted as a classic 1946 film, starring John Garfield and Lana Turner, and again as a 1981 film, starring Jack Nicholson and Jessica Lange. The Postman Always Rings Twice is...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/money/boomerang-kids"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/15/265915-004-69A30B05/Boomerang-Kids-photo-illustration-image-Small-child-standing-on-boomerang.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Illustration: A small child stands on a large boomerang." /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Boomerang kids: Managing an adult child’s return home</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">When you were a kid, the concept of a boomerang may have seemed cool: You throw it and it flies right back to you. But there are some things in life you don’t want to return, like the memory of your first awkward kiss, a significant other who’s now quite insignificant, or even a bounced check. Then...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/money/Deutsche-Welle"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/02/270302-004-AF4141D4/Deutsche-Welle-headquarters.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="A photo shows Deutsche Welle headquarters." /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Deutsche Welle</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Deutsche Welle is a German news and information broadcaster focused on the international market. It broadcasts programs in 32 languages through 5,000 regional partners on television, radio, and online. The company is headquartered in Bonn, Germany, with offices in Berlin and 16 other locations,...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/money/long-term-disability-insurance"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/05/270305-004-532DA22C/Long-Term-Disability-photo-illustration-image-man-in-wheelchair-crossing-bridge.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Illustration: A man in a wheelchair crosses a bridge." /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Long-term disability insurance explained: Coverage, costs, and eligibility</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Losing the ability to work due to an illness or injury can be financially devastating, especially if your income disappears overnight. Without a steady paycheck, it can quickly become a challenge to cover rent, bills, and other essentials. Long-term disability insurance helps protect your income by...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/money/short-term-disability-insurance"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/08/270308-004-27E1C94A/Short-Term-Disability-photo-illustration-image-man-crossing-small-bridge-on-crutches.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Illustration: A man uses crutches while crossing a small bridge." /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">How short-term disability can help you weather an injury or illness</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">If you can’t work, you aren’t bringing in the income you need to pay your bills and buy groceries. For many workers, even a short period without a paycheck can be financially devastating. Short-term disability insurance helps bridge that gap by replacing a portion of your earnings when you can’t...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/election-law-in-the-United-States"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/23/232223-050-FB303ED6/Voters-wait-in-line-to-vote-2008-presidential-election-California.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Voting in the United States" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">election law in the United States</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Election law in the United States, the set of legal rules overseeing political institutions and activities in the United States, including electoral structure, election administration, campaigns, voting rights, redistricting, campaign finance, political parties, and ballot measures, such as...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Hambantota-port"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/77/269077-050-EFD63FCD/Aerial-drone-shot-of-Hambantota-Port-in-Sri-Lanka-Belt-and-Road-cooperation-between-China-and-Sri-Lanka.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Aerial drone photograph of the Hambantota deep water port, 2024" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Hambantota port</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Hambantota port, inland port on Sri Lanka’s southern coast near the town of Hambantota. The port, which was intended to become a major hub in global shipping routes, came to represent the financial mismanagement and corruption of Sri Lankan Pres. Mahinda Rajapaksa and his family, who were removed...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shin-Bet"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/14/270814-050-8525DD2E/Shin-Bet-Shabak-Israel-Security-Agency-website-cellphone.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Shin Bet" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Shin Bet</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Shin Bet, one of the three major intelligence organizations of Israel, along with Aman (military intelligence) and Mossad (foreign intelligence). The Shin Bet is concerned with internal security and counterintelligence and focuses on potential sabotage, terrorist activities, and security matters of...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Friedrich-Merz"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/60/270060-050-9F5CA71D/friedrich-merz-union-candidate-christian-democratic-union-of-germany.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Friedrich Merz" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Friedrich Merz</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Friedrich Merz is a German lawyer, lobbyist, and politician who has served as leader of Germany’s Christian Democratic Union (CDU) party since 2022. With the CDU’s win in Germany’s February 2025 election, Merz was expected to become the country’s next chancellor. Merz worked as a lawyer before...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/LeVar-Burton"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/32/270532-050-F179D273/LeVar-Burton-Executive-producer-and-host-of-Reading-Rainbow-wins-2003-Television-Critics-Choice-Award-for-Outstanding-Achievement-in-Childrens-Programming.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="LeVar Burton" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">LeVar Burton</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">LeVar Burton is an American actor best known for his long tenure hosting the popular educational TV show Reading Rainbow (1983–2006) and for playing Kunta Kinte in the TV miniseries Roots (1977) and Lieut. Comdr. Geordi La Forge in Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987–94) and several Star Trek...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/What-is-College-Accreditation"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/27/66627-050-27B5867D/Royce-Hall-University-of-California-Los-Angeles.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="University of California at Los Angeles" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">What is College Accreditation?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Accreditation is a formal recognition that a college or university meets specific standards of quality and rigor. The process resulting in accreditation is carried out by independent or governmental agencies that evaluate institutions based on an appropriate set of criteria applied to academic...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/How-Are-Crystals-Made"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/61/140861-050-9521346B/crystal-aquamarine-beryl-mineral-gemstone-form-source.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Aquamarine" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">How Are Crystals Made?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">The crystallization process begins with nucleation, the initial step where a small number of particles (that is, ions, atoms, or molecules) come together to form a stable cluster of solid material. This cluster acts as a seed for further growth. There are two types of nucleation: heterogeneous...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Do-Cows-Pollute-as-Much-as-Cars"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/50/161650-050-FAEF5CAC/Group-Waltshire-cows-England.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Cows" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Do Cows Pollute as Much as Cars?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Cows are notorious for their emissions of methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas. Cows produce methane through digestion, emitting the gas in burps, flatulence, and waste. In Denmark, for instance, cows have been such prolific methane producers that the government plans to tax their emissions starting in...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/What-Are-the-Differences-Between-Hawks-and-Falcons"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/86/117086-050-81460DD9/Red-tailed-hawk.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Bird of prey: red-tailed hawk" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">What Are the Differences Between Hawks and Falcons?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Hawks and falcons, while both being birds of prey, belong to different taxonomic families, and, according to a growing number of classifications, even different orders. Hawks are primarily part of the family Accipitridae, which includes a variety of birds such as kites, buzzards, and harriers....</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/What-Language-Did-Jesus-Speak"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/54/144254-050-D80225D3/detail-Hagia-Sophia-Deesis-Mosaic-Istanbul-Turkey.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Jesus Christ" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">What Language Did Jesus Speak?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">It is widely agreed among historians that Jesus primarily spoke Aramaic, the common language of Palestine and Syria. By the 6th century bce, Aramaic had largely replaced Hebrew as the everyday language of Jews, while Hebrew remained in use for religious and scholarly purposes. As a Galilean from...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/How-Long-Was-Anne-Frank-in-Hiding"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/06/160006-050-8A1AEBDB/Anne-Frank.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Anne Frank" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">How Long Was Anne Frank in Hiding?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Anne Frank and her family hid from the Gestapo from July 6, 1942, when they entered a clandestine section of her father’s business in Amsterdam, until August 4, 1944, when their hiding place was discovered. In total Frank spent 761 days concealed in tight quarters with her family and four other...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/How-Are-Fossils-Formed"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/44/249144-050-DF233707/Dinosaur-skeleton-in-Chicago-Field-Museum.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Dinosaur fossil" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">How Are Fossils Formed?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Fossils are most often formed from organisms that have a solid and resistant skeleton. Hard parts, such as bones and teeth, are more likely to survive the ravages of time compared to their softer counterparts, which tend to decompose rapidly. When an organism with such hard parts dies and is...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/How-Are-Diamonds-Made"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/34/251134-050-CBFE2B18/person-holding-a-smartphone-and-using-a-food-delivery-app-and-receiving-a-climate-impact-warning.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Diamond in kimberlite" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">How Are Diamonds Made?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">In nature, diamonds are created deep within Earth’s mantle under extreme conditions. They form at depths exceeding 120 kilometers (75 miles) where temperatures soar and pressures are immense. Over billions of years, carbon atoms bond in a crystal structure that results in the hardest known natural...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Are-Penguins-Monogamous"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/36/158736-050-D34DF353/pair-macaroni-penguins.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Macaroni penguins" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Are Penguins Monogamous?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Penguins tend to be monogamous and many species form long-term pair bonds. For instance, macaroni penguins are mostly monogamous and engage in what researchers call an “ecstatic display,” which includes neck arching and beak thrusting, when reuniting with their partners. Galapagos penguins are also...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Do-Jellyfish-Have-Brains"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/53/217553-050-ECEFA982.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Jellyfish" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Do Jellyfish Have Brains?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Jellyfish, with their ethereal translucent bodies, seem otherworldly, and watching them move in the water like glowing apparitions inspires curiosity and raises questions, such as whether they possess a brain. The short answer is no, jellyfish do not have brains. They instead possess what is known...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/money/QVC-Inc"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/18/270318-004-AD306152/QVC-photo-illustration-image-QVC-sales-pitch-mock-up.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="A mockup of a QVC sales pitch: A woman is selling a chicken timer for 20% off. " /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">QVC, Inc.</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">QVC, Inc. is an American television network and multimedia retailer; its name stands for quality, value, and convenience. QVC sells retail goods through three television networks (QVC, QVC2, and QVC3), a mobile app, and its website. The company is headquartered in West Chester, Pennsylvania. QVC...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/animal/Jonathan-giant-tortoise"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/77/264777-050-9248DCF7/Jonathan-Giant-Seychelles-oldest-living-tortoise-Saint-Helena.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Jonathan, the Seychelles giant tortoise, on the grounds of Plantation House" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Jonathan</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Jonathan, who celebrated his 192nd birthday on December 4, 2024, is considered the oldest living land animal ever. A Seychelles giant tortoise, he is also the oldest living chelonian (turtles, tortoises, and terrapins) known to science. He lives and is cared for on the grounds of Plantation House,...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/money/heikin-ashi-candlestick-chart"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/19/270319-004-3D97172A/Heikin-Ashi-candlesticks-vs-standard-candlestick-charts.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="An illustration compares standard candlesticks with heikin-ashi." /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Heikin-ashi candles: Making market trends easier to spot</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Heikin-ashi, roughly meaning “average bar” in Japanese, represents a modified version of traditional candlestick price charts. While standard candlesticks show raw price movements, heikin-ashi candles use averages to smooth out price action, making trends easier to spot and follow. This smoothing...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/sexual-assault"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-134/images/shared/default3.png?v=3.134.26" class="default " /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">sexual assault</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Sexual assault, illegal form of sexual contact initiated or performed without the appropriate consent of the victim. Acts of sexual assault may be undertaken or facilitated through physical force, psychological coercion or manipulation, deception, or the victim’s incapacity to give consent (e.g.,...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/money/Bill-Ackman"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/20/270320-050-FAF27517/Bill-Ackman-speaks-at-the-Pershing-Square-Foundation-Prize-Dinner-June-17-2024.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="A headshot photo shows Bill Ackman speaking into a microphone." /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Bill Ackman</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">William Albert “Bill” Ackman (born May 11, 1966, Chappaqua, New York, U.S.), is an American billionaire hedge fund manager. Ackman is the founder and chief executive officer (CEO) of Pershing Square Capital Management. Throughout his career, Ackman had a reputation as an activist investor—a...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Do-Fish-Drink-Water"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/71/243771-050-6A4D473B/Clownfish-and-anemone-on-the-Great-Barrier-Reef.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Clownfish" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Do Fish Drink Water?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Many marine fish, i.e., those that live in seawater, drink large quantities of water, while freshwater fish typically drink very little water. This difference is due to the process of osmoregulation—in this case, how a fish maintains its internal balance of water and salts. Seawater has a higher...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Can-Animals-Predict-the-Weather"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/52/261552-050-6053A89A/Groundhog-handler-AJ-Dereume-holds-Punxsutawney-Phil-who-did-not-see-his-shadow-predicting-an-early-or-late-spring-during-the-134th-annual-Groundhog-Day-festivities-on-February-2-2020-in-Punxsutawney-Pennsylvania.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Punxsutawney Phil and the Folklore of Animal Weather Prediction" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Can Animals Predict the Weather?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Animals cannot predict the weather in the ways that humans do. However, animals can sense changes in the weather that humans cannot. According to experts, animals possess an extraordinary ability to detect subtle shifts in their environment, from fluctuations in atmospheric pressure to seasonal and...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/money/advance-decline-line"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/84/269484-004-B544BE03/Advance-Decline-Line-Photo-illustration-image-Tug-of-war.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Stylized illustration of the hands of two people, one on the left and one on the right, engaged in a tug-of-war, pulling on opposite ends of a rope, symbolizing the push and pull of market forces." /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Beyond the benchmarks: How the advance/decline line offers deeper insights&nbsp;</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Imagine for a minute that every trading day in the stock market is an election that offers investors one of two choices when they step into the voting booth: “I’m with the bull” (buy) or “I’m with the bear” (sell). The advance/decline (A/D) line, an old-school technical indicator, is one way to get...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Where-Did-Columbus-Land"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/22/143622-050-FD012047/Landing-Columbus-oil-canvas-John-Vanderlyn-US-1846.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Landing of Columbus" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Where Did Columbus Land?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Christopher Columbus’s first encounter with the New World occurred on October 12, 1492, when he landed on an island he called San Salvador. The exact location of this island is debated, but many scholars believe it to be present-day San Salvador Island in the Bahamas. However, some evidence...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Did-Elvis-Presley-Join-the-Army"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/96/233396-050-893C5C10/Elvis-Presley-on-grounds-Graceland-mansion-c1957.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Elvis Presley at Graceland" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Did Elvis Presley Join the Army?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Elvis Presley, the “King of Rock and Roll,” indeed traded his blue suede shoes for army boots when he was drafted into the U.S. Army in early 1958. This was a moment of true grief for his fans. Like much of what Presley did at the height of his success, his entry into the army was treated as a...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Namesake-The"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/65/221865-050-E169891A/English-born-American-author-Jhumpa-Lahiri-2003.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Jhumpa Lahiri" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">The Namesake</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">The Namesake, first novel by English-born American writer Jhumpa Lahiri, published in 2003. It explored similar themes to those in her debut work, a collection of short stories entitled Interpreter of Maladies (1999), which had earned her the Pulitzer Prize for fiction. The story begins in an...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Poisonwood-Bible"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/93/263093-050-727E4A37/author-barbara-kingsolver-2023.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Barbara Kingsolver" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">The Poisonwood Bible</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">The Poisonwood Bible, novel by the well-respected American writer Barbara Kingsolver. Published in 1998, it was the first of her novels to be set outside the United States. The Poisonwood Bible takes place in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo and is narrated by Orleanna Price and her...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Why-Are-Plants-Green"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/59/189559-050-D08879CE/Chlorophyll-pigment-chloroplasts-plant-cells-organelles.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Turning plants green" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Why Are Plants Green?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Plants are green because of a pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells called chlorophyll. It plays a crucial role in photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light into chemical energy. Chlorophyll absorbs light most efficiently in the blue and red parts of the electromagnetic...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Do-Male-Seahorses-Give-Birth"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/20/151920-050-FA161582/sea-horse-food-aquarium-bottom.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Carrying the young" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Do Male Seahorses Give Birth?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">In the world of seahorses it is the males who carry their developing young. After an elaborate courtship dance the female uses her ovipositor to deposit eggs into a special brood pouch located at the base of the male’s tail. This pouch is where the eggs are fertilized. The fertilized eggs remain in...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Reuben-sandwich"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/23/236423-050-EE8AD437/Reuben-sandwich-grilled-rye-bread-corned-beef-Swiss-cheese-sauerkraut-thousand-island-dressing.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Grilled Reuben sandwich" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Reuben sandwich</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Reuben sandwich, grilled sandwich made with corned beef, sauerkraut, Swiss cheese, and Russian or Thousand Island dressing, typically on rye or pumpernickel bread. The Reuben is a staple menu item in Jewish delicatessens but strictly speaking is not kosher, as it combines meat and cheese. Several...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Whats-the-Difference-Between-Hornets-and-Wasps"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/06/262506-050-070E09B5/Ensign-wasp-Evania-appendigaster.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Ensign wasp" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">What’s the Difference Between Hornets and Wasps?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">In short: hornets are wasps, but not all wasps are hornets. Wasps are a diverse group of insects with over 100,000 species, many of which are solitary rather than social. They can be found in a variety of habitats and have a wide range of behaviors. Some wasps are parasitoids, laying their eggs in...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Do-Bees-Die-After-Stinging"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/17/257617-050-4E5EA86B/honeybee-collecting-nectar-from-yellow-cucumber-flower.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Honeybee" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Do Bees Die After Stinging?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">The answer: it depends on the bee. There are more than 20,000 species of bees, with quite a bit of diversity when it comes to stinging. The most familiar bee is the western honeybee, the females of which do indeed die after stinging. Stingers are modified ovipositors (egg-laying organs), meaning...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/forest-societies-in-India"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/04/270204-050-208018C7/Megaliths-stones-Mawphlang-Sacred-Forest-Meghalaya-India.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Sacred grove" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">forest societies in India</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Forest societies in India, groups of people in the country who live in or near forests and rely at least partly on them for such resources as food, fuel, and commercial forest products, such as timber. As of 2019 about 300 million people in India—more than a fifth of its population—depended on its...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/US-Forest-Service"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/75/133275-050-5DC0C439/Oglala-National-Grassland-Nebraska.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Oglala National Grassland" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">U.S. Forest Service</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">U.S. Forest Service (USFS), federal agency within the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) charged with oversight, conservation, and stewardship of the nation’s grasslands and national forests. The agency operates with the mission of sustaining the health, diversity, and productivity of the...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Why-Cant-Muslims-Eat-Pork"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/19/234619-050-646683F3/Halal-meats-supermarket.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Halal meat vs. haram meat" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Why Can’t Muslims Eat Pork?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">The Qurʾān states that the consumption of pork is not allowed, as it is considered impure, and pork is therefore considered to be haram (expressly forbidden). This prohibition is part of a broader set of dietary laws that aims to maintain ritual purity and cleanliness, which are central to Islamic...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Doug-Ford-Canadian-politician"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/22/270422-050-E59CBE0E/doug-ford-ontario-premiere-february-7-2023.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Doug Ford" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Doug Ford</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Doug Ford is a Canadian politician and businessman. He has served as the premier of Ontario and the leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario since 2018. From 2010 to 2014, Ford was a Toronto city councillor while his younger brother, Rob Ford, was the city’s mayor. Doug Ford, Jr.,...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/sports/Why-Is-a-Marathon-26-2-Miles"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/18/266218-050-E3281F40/Olympic-Games-London-England-1908-Marathon-race-Alton-Welton-USA.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Marathon at the 1908 London Games" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Why Is a Marathon 26.2 Miles?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">The marathon’s origin traces back to ancient Greece, where a legendary Greek soldier ran from Marathon to Athens, covering about 25 miles (40 km), to announce a military victory. This heroic run inspired the marathon race, which was first introduced in the modern Olympic Games in 1896. Initially,...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/technology/What-Is-the-Statue-of-Liberty-Made-Of"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/03/215603-050-4CD6C2DB/Construction-Statue-of-Liberty-Frederic-Auguste-Bartholdi-Paris-workshop-circa-1882-1883.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Statue of Liberty" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">What Is the Statue of Liberty Made Of?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">The Statue of Liberty is constructed of 31 tons of 0.1-inch- (2.4-mm-) thick copper sheets that were hammered into shape by hand and assembled over a framework of iron and steel supports. When combined with its concrete and granite base, the massive statue stands 305 feet (93 meters) tall and is...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Do-Animals-Dream"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/54/144754-050-C7496C23/cat-Homepage-pet-blog-society-history-Hompepage-2010.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Are you dreaming, Whiskers?" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Do Animals Dream?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">The answer is “probably.” Research has shown that many animals experience a sleep phase similar to humans known as REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, which is closely associated with dreaming. This phase is characterized by increased brain activity and is when most vivid dreams occur. Studies have...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/sports/Why-Are-Gymnasts-So-Short"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/88/244788-050-D0815591/Simone-Biles-on-balance-beam-2020-Tokyo-Olympic-Games.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="A balancing act" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Why Are Gymnasts So Short?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">The average female gymnast is about 5 feet (1.5 meters) tall. That is about 4 inches (10 cm) less than the average American woman. Why are gymnasts so short? Because their smaller frames provide significant advantages in the sport, including a better power-to-weight ratio. This enables gymnasts to...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Do-Kangaroos-Really-Box"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/66/240466-050-BA964358/Two-kangaroos-boxing.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Boxing match" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Do Kangaroos Really Box?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Kangaroo boxing is an actual behavior observed in these Australian marsupials. Male kangaroos box with other males primarily to establish dominance and gain access to females during the mating season. These matches involve not only boxing but also biting and kicking. With their agile arms,...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Why-Did-Vincent-van-Gogh-Cut-Off-His-Ear"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/68/265568-004-F1AC348C/self-portrait-with-bandaged-ear-by-vincent-van-gogh.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Vincent van Gogh: Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Why Did Vincent van Gogh Cut Off His Ear?</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Vincent van Gogh is well known to have cut off a part of his own ear, but the circumstances of the incident are not fully understood. The event occurred on Christmas Eve in 1888, when van Gogh was living in Arles, in the south of France. He had been sharing a house with fellow artist Paul Gauguin,...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Karoline-Leavitt"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/09/264609-050-57A4E82D/karoline-leavitt-white-house-press-secretary-donald-trump.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="White House press secretary" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Karoline Leavitt</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Karoline Leavitt is an American government official who serves as White House press secretary (2025– ) in the Republican administration of Pres. Donald Trump; she is the youngest person to hold the post. Leavitt was an assistant press secretary (2019–21) during Trump’s first term. Leavitt grew up...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/National-Bank-for-Agriculture-and-Rural-Development"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-134/images/shared/default3.png?v=3.134.26" class="default " /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), leading development bank in India, established in July 1982 to promote rural and agricultural development primarily through financial assistance, credit planning, supervision of financial institutions, and policy support. In the 1970s...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lake-Pontchartrain-Causeway"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/64/245664-050-028A2A9F/Lake-Pontchartrain-Causeway-New-Orleans-Louisiana.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Lake Pontchartrain Causeway" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Lake Pontchartrain Causeway</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Lake Pontchartrain Causeway, pair of toll bridges over Lake Pontchartrain in southeastern Louisiana that are jointly recognized as the world’s longest continuous bridge over water. The causeway extends 38.42 kilometers (23.87 miles) from its southern terminus in the city of Metairie, Louisiana, to...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Atlantic-Meridional-Overturning-Circulation"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/87/106787-050-A47F9AB3/Thermohaline-circulation-transports-water-oceans-heat-process.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Thermohaline circulation" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), combination of surface and deep ocean currents in the Atlantic Ocean that conveys warm surface water northward and cold deep water southward while also circulating nutrients. It is the Atlantic component of thermohaline circulation, and, as such,...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Netumbo-Nandi-Ndaitwah"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/93/267093-050-6B79945C/Netumbo-Nandh-Ndaitwah-after-voting-November-27-2024-Windhoek-Namibia.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah is a politician who became the president of Namibia in March 2025 after having won the country’s November 2024 presidential election. She is the first woman to serve as Namibia’s president. She has held several government posts, including deputy prime minister and vice...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Fani-Willis"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/92/266892-050-24801A27/fani-willis-speaks-at-news-conference-fulton-county-atlanta-georgia-august-14-2023.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Fani Willis" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Fani Willis</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Fani Willis is an American lawyer who currently serves as the district attorney of Fulton county, Georgia. The county’s seat is located in Atlanta, the state’s capital and largest city. Willis gained a nationwide reputation as a bold prosecutor in August 2023, when she secured an indictment of then...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Afrofuturism"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/16/4516-004-541250C3/Sun-Ra-Central-Park-New-York-City.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Sun Ra" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Afrofuturism</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Afrofuturism, cultural movement blending art, science, and technology with African and African diasporic history and culture, reimagining the Black experience and envisioning alternate empowered futures through speculative and innovative lenses in art, film, television, writing, and music....</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/plant/kratom"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/30/204730-050-7E0235A6/Kratom-medicinal-leaves-Mitragyna-speciosa.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Kratom" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">kratom</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Kratom, (Mitragyna speciosa), large evergreen tree of the coffee or madder family, the leaves of which function as a drug when ingested. Native to Southeast Asia, kratom has been used for centuries in traditional medicine and recreationally. Kratom is reported to produce stimulant-like effects when...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/money/Dutch-disease"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/93/269493-004-9066E002/Dutch-Disease-and-Resource-Curse-Photo-illustration-image-Grid-of-oil-pump-images-with-one-image-of-farmer.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Dutch Disease and Resource Curse, Photo illustration image: Grid of oil pump images with one image of farmer." /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Dutch disease and the resource curse: Paradoxes of plenty</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">In the late 1950s, petroleum geologists who were searching for oil ended up discovering a huge natural gas field in the north part of the Netherlands. At the time, the bonanza was the largest find of the fuel in the world, and it was so influential that heating and cooking appliances in the...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Modernist-literature"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/82/146482-050-B8C725B5/Gertrude-Stein-Carl-Van-Vechten-1935.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Gertrude Stein, 1935" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Modernist literature</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Modernist literature, the body of written works produced during Modernism, a period of experimentation in the arts from the late 19th to the mid-20th century, particularly in the years following World War I (1914–18). Modernist literature developed throughout Europe, the United States, and Latin...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/money/long-term-care-insurance-cost"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/88/269488-004-7D85B236/Long-Term-Care-Insurance-Photo-illustration-image-Elderly-couple-in-front-of-large-dice.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Elderly couple in front of oversize dice." /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Long-term care insurance costs, from traditional to hybrid policies</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">If you’re thinking about who will care for you later in life or how to support an aging parent or relative, long-term care insurance is one way to plan. Sometimes called elder-care insurance, these policies cover expenses that Medicare doesn’t, such as assisted living, nursing home care, and...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/Romantic-literature"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/05/215605-050-2C7D9C11/Tyger-Songs-Innocence-Experience-William-Blake-circa-1825-Metropolitan-Museum-Art.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="“The Tyger,” anastatic print by William Blake" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Romantic literature</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Romantic literature, the body of written works produced during Romanticism, an attitude or intellectual orientation that characterized many artistic and scholarly works in Western civilization from the late 18th to the mid-19th century. Romantic literature developed throughout Europe and flourished...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/money/Mixue"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/36/270036-050-E55DB2A5/Mixue-Ice-Cream-and-Tea-is-a-Chinese-franchise-fast-food-restaurant-chain-here-a-neon-sign-is-seen-in-Probolinggo-Indonesia-April-2023.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Mixue Ice Cream & Tea sign and logo in Probolinggo, Indonesia, April, 2023." /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Mixue</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Mixue Bingcheng, commonly known as Mixue, is a Chinese fast-food company specializing in ice cream, tea-based drinks, and other inexpensive menu items. Founded in Zhengzhou, China, Mixue has grown from a small local business into a large franchise with thousands of locations. Its rapid expansion,...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Murder-of-Roger-Ackroyd"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/18/12918-050-72F3A354/Agatha-Christie-1946.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Agatha Christie" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">The Murder of Roger Ackroyd</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">The Murder of Roger Ackroyd, novel by British author of detective stories Agatha Christie. Published in 1926, it was her third novel featuring Belgian detective Hercule Poirot. This novel was the first to bring Christie great recognition and is regarded by many critics as her best novel. The Murder...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Life-and-Times-of-Michael-K"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/74/114774-050-591D2828/J-M-Coetzee.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="J.M. Coetzee" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Life & Times of Michael K</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Life & Times of Michael K, novel by South African author J.M. Coetzee, who was awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize for Literature. Published in 1983, Life & Times of Michael K won the Booker Prize for fiction. Life & Times of Michael K uses the enduring South African pastoral ideal to challenge the myths...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Fargo-film-by-Joel-and-Ethan-Coen"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/74/269074-050-A1B260A3/Frances-McDormand-as-Marge-Gunderson-in-the-1996-Coen-brothers-dark-comedy-film-Fargo.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Fargo" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Fargo</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Fargo, American dark comedy crime thriller, released in 1996 and set mostly in the dead of winter in Minnesota, that revolves around a debt-ridden car salesman, a botched kidnapping, a triple homicide, and the pregnant small-town police chief who investigates the murders. Written, directed, and...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bombay-Presidency-Association"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/16/269516-050-5AF434ED/Sir-Pherozeshah-Mehta-Indian-political-leader-municipal-planner-Bombay-Charter.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="The Lion of Bombay" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Bombay Presidency Association</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Bombay Presidency Association, political organization founded in January 1885 in Bombay (now Mumbai), India, by Pherozeshah Mehta, Badruddin Tyabji, and Kashinath Trimbak Telang. It was one of the key political precursors to the Indian National Congress (Congress Party), which was founded in...</span> </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="d-flex p-10" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Madras-Native-Association"> <div class="new-article-thumbnail"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdn.britannica.com/05/270205-050-C27B4D4B/Indian-merchant-political-activist-Gazulu-Lakshminarasu-Chetty-founded-Madras-Native-Association.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop" alt="Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty" /> </div> <div class="w-100"> <span class="new-article-title d-block">Madras Native Association</span> <span class="new-article-description d-block">Madras Native Association, anti-colonial organization founded in 1852 in Madras (now Chennai, India) by businessman and political activist Gazulu Lakshiminarasu Chetty. The first Indian political organization of the Madras Presidency, it consisted mostly of merchants, landowners, and educated...</span> </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="md-footer"></div> <footer class="md-footer footer-wrapper hide-on-edit"> <div class="footer-bck"> <DIV class="marketing-FOOTER_NEWSLETTER marketing-content" data-marketing-id="FOOTER_NEWSLETTER"><div class="md-footer-newsletter-form pt-10 mb-30 mx-15 mx-sm-120"> <div class="font-18"> <strong>History at your fingertips &ndash;</strong> Sign up here to see what happened On This Day, every day in your inbox! </div> <div class="p-30"> <div class="newsletter-form-container"> <form class="newsletter-form" method="post" action="/newsletter-subscription/EB_ON_THIS_DAY"> <div class="form-group grid d-flex justify-content-center"> <div class="col-sm-50 col-100"> <label class="sr-only" for="enter-your-email">Enter your email</label> <input id="enter-your-email" type="email" name="email" class="form-control font-18 p-10" placeholder="Enter your email" pattern="[a-z0-9._%+-]+@[a-z0-9.-]+\.[a-z]{2,4}$" required> </div> <div class="col-sm-auto col-100 mt-5 mt-sm-0"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-outline-white" style="width: 100%; height:100%;">Subscribe</button> </div> </div> <div class="text-white pt-30 text-opacity"> By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica.<br> Click here to view our <a class="link-white text-decoration-underline" href="https://corporate.britannica.com/privacy-policy" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow">Privacy Notice</a>. Easy unsubscribe links are provided in every email. </div> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="Footer" /><input type="hidden" name="campaign" value="Mendel" /><input type="hidden" name="medium" value="Box" /></form> <div class="md-subscribed hidden text-white"> <div class="my-10">Thank you for subscribing!</div> <div>Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox.</div> </div> </div> </div> </div></DIV> <div class="md-social-toolbar-circle d-flex justify-content-center colored" data-value="connect" > <div class="share-label text-uppercase hidden-xs">Stay Connected</div> <a class="social-icon facebook justify-content-center d-flex align-items-center align-self-center" data-provider="facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/BRITANNICA/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Facebook</span></a> <a class="social-icon x justify-content-center d-flex align-items-center align-self-center" data-provider="x" href="https://x.com/britannica" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>X</span></a> <a class="social-icon youtube justify-content-center d-flex align-items-center align-self-center" data-provider="youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/c/encyclopaediabritannica" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>YouTube</span></a> <a class="social-icon instagram justify-content-center d-flex align-items-center align-self-center" data-provider="instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/britannica/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Instagram</span></a> <a class="social-icon pinterest justify-content-center d-flex align-items-center align-self-center" data-provider="pinterest" href="https://www.pinterest.com/britannica/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <svg height="30" width="30" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true" aria-label="" role="img"><path d="M0 12c0 5.123 3.211 9.497 7.73 11.218-.11-.937-.227-2.482.025-3.566.217-.932 1.401-5.938 1.401-5.938s-.357-.715-.357-1.774c0-1.66.962-2.9 2.161-2.9 1.02 0 1.512.765 1.512 1.682 0 1.025-.653 2.557-.99 3.978-.281 1.189.597 2.159 1.769 2.159 2.123 0 3.756-2.239 3.756-5.471 0-2.861-2.056-4.86-4.991-4.86-3.398 0-5.393 2.549-5.393 5.184 0 1.027.395 2.127.889 2.726a.36.36 0 0 1 .083.343c-.091.378-.293 1.189-.332 1.355-.053.218-.173.265-.4.159-1.492-.694-2.424-2.875-2.424-4.627 0-3.769 2.737-7.229 7.892-7.229 4.144 0 7.365 2.953 7.365 6.899 0 4.117-2.595 7.431-6.199 7.431-1.211 0-2.348-.63-2.738-1.373 0 0-.599 2.282-.744 2.84-.282 1.084-1.064 2.456-1.549 3.235C9.584 23.815 10.77 24 12 24c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12S18.627 0 12 0 0 5.373 0 12"></path></svg> </a> </div> <br/> <div class="container"> <ul class="list-unstyled legal-links"> <li><a href="https://corporate.britannica.com" rel="noopener" target="_blank">About Us & Legal Info</a></li> <li><a href="https://corporate.britannica.com/contact/" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://corporate.britannica.com/privacy-policy" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://corporate.britannica.com/termsofuse.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow">Terms of Use</a></li> <li><a href="https://corporate.britannica.com/equalemployment" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow">Equal Opportunity</a></li> </ul> <div class="mt-20">&copy;2025 Encyclop&aelig;dia Britannica, Inc.</div> </div> </div> </footer> <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5W6NC8" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- Ortto ebmwprod capture code --> <script> window.ap3c = window.ap3c || {}; var ap3c = window.ap3c; ap3c.cmd = ap3c.cmd || []; ap3c.cmd.push(function() { ap3c.init('ZO4siT4cLwnykPnzZWJtd3Byb2Q', 'https://engage.email.britannica.com/'); ap3c.track({v: 0}); }); ap3c.activity = function(act) { ap3c.act = (ap3c.act || []); ap3c.act.push(act); }; var s, t; s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.src = "https://engage.email.britannica.com/app.js"; t = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; t.parentNode.insertBefore(s, t); </script> <script class="marketing-page-info" type="application/json"> {"pageType":"NewArticle","templateName":null,"pageNumber":1,"pagesTotal":1,"pageId":null,"pageLength":null,"initialLoad":true,"lastPageOfScroll":true} </script> <script class="marketing-content-info" type="application/json"> [] </script> <script src="https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-134/js/libs/jquery-3.5.0.min.js?v=3.134.26"></script> <script type="text/javascript" data-type="Init Mendel Code Splitting"> (function() { $.ajax({ dataType: 'script', cache: true, url: 'https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-134/dist/new-article-page.js?v=3.134.26' }); })(); </script> <script class="analytics-metadata" type="application/json"> {"leg":"B","adLeg":"B","userType":"ANONYMOUS","pageType":"NewArticle","pageSubtype":null,"articleTemplateType":null,"gisted":false,"pageNumber":1,"hasSummarizeButton":false,"hasAskButton":false,"hasAiTopQuestions":false,"hasSimplifyButton":false} </script> <script type="text/javascript"> EBStat={accountId:-1,hostnameOverride:'webstats.eb.com',domain:'www.britannica.com', json:''}; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> ( function() { $.ajax( { dataType: 'script', cache: true, url: '//www.britannica.com/webstats/mendelstats.js?v=1' } ) .done( function() { try {writeStat(null,EBStat);} catch(err){} } ); })(); </script> <div id="bc-fixed-dialogue"></div> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10