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Tudor architecture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hallmarks_of_Tudor_architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hallmarks of Tudor architecture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hallmarks_of_Tudor_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Upper_classes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upper_classes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Upper classes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upper_classes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lower_classes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lower_classes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Lower classes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lower_classes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Examples-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Examples subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Institutional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Institutional</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Institutional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ecclesiastical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecclesiastical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Ecclesiastical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecclesiastical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Academic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Commercial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inns_of_Court" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inns_of_Court"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Inns of Court</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inns_of_Court-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.5</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Domestic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Royal_Residences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_Residences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Royal Residences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_Residences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Palaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Palaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Other Palaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Palaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_London" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_London"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Metropolitan London</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_London-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outside_of_London" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_of_London"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>Outside of London</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outside_of_London-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tudor_Revival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tudor_Revival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tudor Revival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tudor_Revival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Building_by_building" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building_by_building"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Building by building</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Building_by_building-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tudor architecture</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="عمارة تيودورية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عمارة تيودورية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCdor_stili" title="Tüdor stili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tüdor stili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Тюдорски стил – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тюдорски стил" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estil_Tudor" title="Estil Tudor – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estil Tudor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudorstil" title="Tudorstil – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tudorstil" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuudorstiil" title="Tuudorstiil – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tuudorstiil" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estilo_Tudor" title="Estilo Tudor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estilo Tudor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudorstilo" title="Tudorstilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tudorstilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="معماری تودور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="معماری تودور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Style_Tudor" title="Style Tudor – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Style Tudor" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudorstyl" title="Tudorstyl – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tudorstyl" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stile_Tudor" title="Stile Tudor – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stile Tudor" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudor-st%C3%ADlus" title="Tudor-stílus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tudor-stílus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тјудорска архитектура – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тјудорска архитектура" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaya_seni_bina_Tudor" title="Gaya seni bina Tudor – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gaya seni bina Tudor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudorstijl" title="Tudorstijl – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tudorstijl" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E6%A7%98%E5%BC%8F" title="チューダー様式 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チューダー様式" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudorstil" title="Tudorstil – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tudorstil" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudorstil" title="Tudorstil – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Tudorstil" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estilo_Tudor" title="Estilo Tudor – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estilo Tudor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%A2%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Стиль Тюдоров – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стиль Тюдоров" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudor_architecture" title="Tudor architecture – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tudor architecture" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudorska_arhitektura" title="Tudorska arhitektura – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tudorska arhitektura" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudor-tyyli" title="Tudor-tyyli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tudor-tyyli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudorstil" title="Tudorstil – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tudorstil" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="สถาปัตยกรรมทิวดอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สถาปัตยกรรมทิวดอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudor_mimarisi" title="Tudor mimarisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tudor mimarisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тюдорська архітектура – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тюдорська архітектура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E8%88%B5%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="帝舵建築 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="帝舵建築" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the 19th- and 20th century style inspired by Tudor architecture, see <a href="/wiki/Tudor_Revival_architecture" title="Tudor Revival architecture">Tudor Revival architecture</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Athelhampton_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1223982.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Athelhampton_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1223982.jpg/220px-Athelhampton_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1223982.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Athelhampton_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1223982.jpg/330px-Athelhampton_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1223982.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Athelhampton_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1223982.jpg/440px-Athelhampton_House_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1223982.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Athelhampton_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Athelhampton House">Athelhampton House</a> - built 1493–1550, early in the period</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leeds_Castle_(2004a).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Leeds_Castle_%282004a%29.jpg/220px-Leeds_Castle_%282004a%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Leeds_Castle_%282004a%29.jpg/330px-Leeds_Castle_%282004a%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Leeds_Castle_%282004a%29.jpg/440px-Leeds_Castle_%282004a%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1932" data-file-height="1449" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leeds_Castle" title="Leeds Castle">Leeds Castle</a>, reign of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Front_entrance_of_Hardwick_Hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1629257.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Front_entrance_of_Hardwick_Hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1629257.jpg/220px-Front_entrance_of_Hardwick_Hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1629257.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Front_entrance_of_Hardwick_Hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1629257.jpg/330px-Front_entrance_of_Hardwick_Hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1629257.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Front_entrance_of_Hardwick_Hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1629257.jpg/440px-Front_entrance_of_Hardwick_Hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1629257.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hardwick_Hall" title="Hardwick Hall">Hardwick Hall</a>, Elizabethan <a href="/wiki/Prodigy_house" title="Prodigy house">prodigy house</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Tudor</b> <a href="/wiki/Architectural_style" title="Architectural style">architectural style</a> is the final development of <a href="/wiki/Medieval_architecture" title="Medieval architecture">medieval architecture</a> in England and Wales, during the <a href="/wiki/Tudor_period" title="Tudor period">Tudor period</a> (1485–1603) and even beyond, and also the tentative introduction of <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance architecture</a> to Britain. It followed the Late Gothic <a href="/wiki/Perpendicular_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Perpendicular style">Perpendicular style</a> and, gradually, it evolved into an aesthetic more consistent with trends already in motion on the continent, evidenced by other nations already having the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Renaissance" title="Northern Renaissance">Northern Renaissance</a> underway Italy, and especially <a href="/wiki/French_Renaissance_architecture" title="French Renaissance architecture">France</a> already well into its revolution in art, architecture, and thought. A subtype of Tudor architecture is <a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_architecture" title="Elizabethan architecture">Elizabethan architecture</a>, from about 1560 to 1600, which has continuity with the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Jacobean_architecture" title="Jacobean architecture">Jacobean architecture</a> in the early <a href="/wiki/Stuart_period" title="Stuart period">Stuart period</a>. </p><p>In the much more slow-moving styles of <a href="/wiki/Vernacular_architecture" title="Vernacular architecture">vernacular architecture</a>, "Tudor" has become a designation for <a href="/wiki/Half-timbering" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-timbering">half-timbered</a> buildings, although there are <a href="/wiki/Cruck" title="Cruck">cruck</a> and frame houses with half-timbering that considerably predate 1485 and others well after 1603; an expert examination is required to determine the building's age. In many regions stone architecture, which presents no exposed timber on the facade, was the norm for good houses, while everywhere the poorest lived in single-storey houses using wood frames and <a href="/wiki/Wattle_and_daub" title="Wattle and daub">wattle and daub</a>, too flimsy for any to have survived four centuries. In this form, the Tudor style long retained its hold on English taste.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, "Tudor style" is an awkward style-designation, with its implied suggestions of continuity through the period of the <a href="/wiki/Tudor_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Tudor dynasty">Tudor dynasty</a> and the misleading impression that there was a style break at the accession of <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James I</a> in 1603, first of the House of Stuart. A better diagnostic is the "perpendicular" arrangement of rectangular vertically oriented <a href="/wiki/Leaded_windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaded windows">leaded windows</a> framed by structural <a href="/wiki/Transom_(architecture)" title="Transom (architecture)">transoms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mullions" class="mw-redirect" title="Mullions">mullions</a> and often featuring a "hooded" surround usually in stone or timber such as <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a>. </p><p>The low multi-centred <a href="/wiki/Tudor_arch" class="mw-redirect" title="Tudor arch">Tudor arch</a> was another defining feature and the period sees the first introduction of <a href="/wiki/Brick" title="Brick">brick</a> architecture imported from the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a>. Some of the most remarkable <a href="/wiki/Oriel_window" title="Oriel window">oriel windows</a> belong to this period.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mouldings are more spread out and the foliage becomes more naturalistic. During the reigns of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_VI_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VI of England">Edward VI</a>, many Italian artists arrived in England; their decorative features can be seen at <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace" title="Hampton Court Palace">Hampton Court Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Layer_Marney_Tower" title="Layer Marney Tower">Layer Marney Tower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Place,_Surrey" title="Sutton Place, Surrey">Sutton Place</a>, and elsewhere. However, in the following reign of Elizabeth I, the influence of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mannerism" title="Northern Mannerism">Northern Mannerism</a>, mainly derived from books, was greater. Courtiers and other wealthy Elizabethans competed to build <a href="/wiki/Prodigy_house" title="Prodigy house">prodigy houses</a> that proclaimed their status. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Monasteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution of the Monasteries">Dissolution of the Monasteries</a> redistributed large amounts of land to the wealthy, resulting in a secular building boom, as well as a source of stone.<sup id="cite_ref-LizaPicard_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LizaPicard-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building of churches had already slowed somewhat before the <a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">English Reformation</a>, after a great boom in the previous century, but was brought to a nearly complete stop by the Reformation. Civic and university buildings became steadily more numerous in the period, which saw general increasing prosperity. Brick was something of an exotic and expensive rarity at the beginning of the period, but during it became very widely used in many parts of England, even for modest buildings, gradually restricting traditional methods such as <a href="/wiki/Timber_framing" title="Timber framing">wood framed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daub_and_wattle" class="mw-redirect" title="Daub and wattle">daub and wattle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Half-timbering" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-timbering">half-timbering</a> to the lower classes by the end of the period. </p><p>Scotland was a different country throughout the period and is not covered here, but <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_in_Scotland#Architecture" title="Renaissance in Scotland">early Renaissance architecture in Scotland</a> was influenced by close contacts between the French and Scottish courts, and there are a number of buildings from before 1560 that show a more thorough adoption of continental Renaissance styles than their English equivalents. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor_architecture&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_reign_of_Henry_VII">The reign of Henry VII</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor_architecture&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The reign of Henry VII"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tudor style buildings have several features that separate them from Medieval and later 17th-century design. The earliest signs of the Renaissance appear under Henry VII; whereas most of his building projects are no longer standing, it is actually under him <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (May 2021)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Tudor_architecture#Dubious" title="Talk:Tudor architecture">discuss</a></i>]</sup> and not his son that the Renaissance began to flower in England, evidenced by ample records of what was built and where, materials used, new features in gardening that did not at all fit the pattern of the earlier medieval walled garden, letters from the king expressing his desires and those of his wife's in the case of Greenwich Palace, as well as his own expressed interest in the New Learning. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Prior to 1485, many wealthy and noble landowners lived in homes that were not necessarily comfortable but built to withstand sieges, though <a href="/wiki/Manor_house" title="Manor house">manor houses</a> that were only lightly fortified, if at all, had been increasingly built. <a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">Castles</a> and smaller manor houses often had moats, portcullises and crenelations designed for archers to stand guard and pick off approaching enemies. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxburgh-gatehouse-inside.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Oxburgh-gatehouse-inside.jpg/250px-Oxburgh-gatehouse-inside.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Oxburgh-gatehouse-inside.jpg/375px-Oxburgh-gatehouse-inside.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Oxburgh-gatehouse-inside.jpg/500px-Oxburgh-gatehouse-inside.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2104" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Gatehouse" title="Gatehouse">gatehouse</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oxburgh_Hall" title="Oxburgh Hall">Oxburgh Hall</a> in Oxborough</figcaption></figure> <p>However, with the arrival of gunpowder and cannons by the time of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI</a>, fortifications like castles became increasingly obsolete. 1485 marked the ascension of the Tudor <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a> to the throne and the end of the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a> that had left the royal coffers in deep trouble-Yorkists had raided the treasury just after the death of <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV" title="Edward IV">Edward IV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1487 Henry passed laws against livery and maintenance, which checked the nobility's ability to raise armies independent of the crown, and raised taxes on the nobility through a trusted advisor, <a href="/wiki/John_Morton_(cardinal)" title="John Morton (cardinal)">John Morton</a>. </p><p>Not all Tudor architecture was of a residential nature, and the dry dock in Portsmouth is very important as it laid the foundation for other civic projects done under Henry VIII and Elizabeth I. Built under Henry VII, it represented a significant advance from what was available during the Medieval period: for most of the period ships were poorly suited to trade that reached any farther than just off the coast, and were no match for the turbulence of waters like the North Sea, let alone crossing the Atlantic.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within three years of Henry Tudor's ascension to the throne, however, <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeu_Dias" title="Bartolomeu Dias">Bartolomeu Dias</a> had rounded the future tip of today's South Africa and by doing so changed the world forever: he opened up a sea passage to Asia and opened a route that completely cut out the reliance on the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a> and the Turks who controlled it. Ships were beginning to get faster and more capable of much longer journeys. Patronage of explorers would be a theme of the rest of Henry's adulthood, and it behooved him to take advantage of having the only place in all of Europe that could repair ships, build new ones, remove barnacles and shipworms, and break up and recycle older ships. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Purchasing eight acres, he gave the job of constructing the dry dock to Sir Reginald Bray with the final construction, according to a 17th-century tome <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. It measured 330 feet on each side, the bottom of the dock 395 feet long, and the whole 22 feet deep. The wharf on the outside of the piers that marked the dock's location were 40 feet on each side at a depth of 22 feet. The dock operated by swinging some hinged gates open, allowing the ship to enter, and then water was taken out with a bucket and chain pump worked by a horse-gin.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early part of his reign, Henry Tudor favoured two sites, both on the River Thames though in opposite directions, with one west of Westminster and one east of it. Upon his rise to power he inherited many castles, but notably he did very little to these. Recent evidence <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> suggests that he made notable improvements to other properties belonging to the crown, including Greenwich Palace, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Placentia" title="Palace of Placentia">Palace of Placentia</a>. Although today the <a href="/wiki/Old_Royal_Naval_College" title="Old Royal Naval College">Old Royal Naval College</a> sits on the site of the palace, evidence suggests that, shortly after ascending the throne, Henry spent a very large amount of money on enlarging it and finishing off a watchtower built prior to his reign; his Queen, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York" title="Elizabeth of York">Elizabeth</a>, gave birth to Henry VIII and his brother Edmund in this palace. Henry Tudor's palace facing the Thames Estuary would have had a brick courtyard that faced the River Thames.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> As of 2018 archaeological digs continue and much has been discovered regarding the kind of palace Henry (and later his son) invested so much money and time into <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. An example is that Greenwich had "bee boles": these were found in the basement of the palace and were little nooks in which beehives were kept during winter when honeybees hibernate. They would be taken out to provide for the king's table in spring and they are numerous.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the remains beneath the royal college reveal an edifice built with brick, not stone: castles in England going back to the Normans had been built with stone, never brick, hence this is an early advancement in technology and style and given its load bearing position at the bottom of the building it is extremely unlikely to have been erected under the aegis of any later monarch. He also added a sizeable chapel to the grounds with black and white tiles, discovered in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wyngaerde_Richmond_1562.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Wyngaerde_Richmond_1562.jpg/220px-Wyngaerde_Richmond_1562.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Wyngaerde_Richmond_1562.jpg/330px-Wyngaerde_Richmond_1562.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Wyngaerde_Richmond_1562.jpg/440px-Wyngaerde_Richmond_1562.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2492" data-file-height="854" /></a><figcaption>Richmond Palace, west front, drawn by <a href="/wiki/Antony_van_den_Wyngaerde" class="mw-redirect" title="Antony van den Wyngaerde">Antony Wyngaerde</a> in 1562</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Sheen_Priory#Nomenclature" title="Sheen Priory">Sheen</a>, was someway up river from (and in the present day part of) London and became a primary residence as Henry's family and court grew larger. This had been one of the royal palaces since the reign of <a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward II</a>, with the most recent additions as at 1496 being by <a href="/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" title="Henry V of England">Henry V</a> in 1414. The building was largely wooden with cloisters and several medieval features, such as a grand central banqueting hall, and the Privy Chambers facing the river very much resembling a 15th-century castle.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This burnt to the ground at Christmas 1497. However, within months Henry began a magnificent new palace in a version of Renaissance style. This, called <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Palace" title="Richmond Palace">Richmond Palace</a> has been described as the first <a href="/wiki/Prodigy_house" title="Prodigy house">prodigy house</a>, a term for the ostentatious mansions of Elizabeth's courtiers and others, and was influential on other great houses for decades to come as well as a seat of royal power and pageantry of an equivalent of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a> or the 18th century <a href="/wiki/St._James%27s_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="St. James's Palace">St. James's Palace</a>. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Henry_VIII_and_Later">Henry VIII and Later</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor_architecture&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Henry VIII and Later"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Henry VII was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII, a man of a very different character of his father, who spent enormous amounts of money on building many palaces, most now vanished, as well as other expensive forms of display. In a courtyard of <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace" title="Hampton Court Palace">Hampton Court Palace</a> he installed a fountain that for celebrations flowed with wine.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also built military installations all along the southern coast of England and the border with Scotland, then a separate nation. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nonsuch_Palace_watercolour_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Nonsuch_Palace_watercolour_detail.jpg/310px-Nonsuch_Palace_watercolour_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Nonsuch_Palace_watercolour_detail.jpg/465px-Nonsuch_Palace_watercolour_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Nonsuch_Palace_watercolour_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="265" /></a><figcaption>Detail of <a href="/wiki/Joris_Hoefnagel" title="Joris Hoefnagel">Georg Hoefnagel</a>'s 1568 watercolour of the south front of <a href="/wiki/Nonsuch_Palace" title="Nonsuch Palace">Nonsuch Palace</a>. This is the way it would have looked early in the reign of Elizabeth I.</figcaption></figure> <p>Henry VIII's most ambitious palace was <a href="/wiki/Nonsuch_Palace" title="Nonsuch Palace">Nonsuch Palace</a>, south of London and now disappeared, an attempt to rival the spectacular French royal palaces of the age and, like them, using imported Italian artists, though the architecture is northern European in inspiration. Much of the Tudor palace survives at Hampton Court Palace, which Henry took over from his disgraced minister <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Wolsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Wolsey">Cardinal Wolsey</a> and expanded, and this is now the surviving Tudor royal palace that best shows the style. </p><p>As time wore on, quadrangular, H- or E-shaped <a href="/wiki/Floor_plans" class="mw-redirect" title="Floor plans">floor plans</a> became more common, with the H shape coming to fruition during the reign of Henry VII's son and successor.<sup id="cite_ref-Pragnall_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pragnall-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also fashionable for these larger buildings to incorporate 'devices', or riddles, designed into the building, which served to demonstrate the owner's wit and to delight visitors. Occasionally these were <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> symbols, for example, subtle or not so subtle references to the trinity, seen in three-sided, triangular, or Y-shaped plans, designs or motifs.<sup id="cite_ref-Airs_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Airs-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earlier clerical buildings would have had a cross shape so as to honour Christ, such as in <a href="/wiki/Old_St._Paul%27s_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Old St. Paul's Cathedral">Old St Paul's</a> and the surviving <a href="/wiki/York_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="York Cathedral">York Cathedral</a>, but as with all clerical buildings, this was a time of great chaos and revolution catalyzed by Henry VIII's Reformation. </p><p>Henry began his reign as "Defender of the Faith." Such a title was given him in 1520 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_X" title="Pope Leo X">Pope Leo X</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however long before this he had deep roots in Catholic piety. Both his parents were staunchly Catholic and in fact at least one aunt, <a href="/wiki/Bridget_of_York" title="Bridget of York">Bridget of York</a>, became a nun. There are ample records in British royal archives of how Henry VII and his queen spent their time away from political activity. Henry VII spent a large amount of time hearing Mass every day and was noted for being quite pious, according to Polydore Vergil.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York" title="Elizabeth of York">Elizabeth of York</a> was heavily involved in charity, then as now one of the three great <a href="/wiki/Theological_virtues" title="Theological virtues">virtues</a> of the Catholic Church, evidenced by the king loaning her money when she overspent her budget on the poor and orphaned in account books that survive. As his older brother Arthur was the one expected to rule, and not Henry, his parents selected an education for him that would have prepared him for the Church: he was tutored heavily in theology.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This fateful decision later in life made him able to debate the usefulness of the clergy owning so much land and power outside the crown, and changed which version of the faith he defended. </p><p>A part of Henry VIII's policy was the suppression of the monasteries and several examples of the Middle Ages today lie in ruins because of the nobility raiding the properties for building materials, gold, and anything of monetary value: for many the only way to escape being destroyed was the monarch holding a personal interest in keeping the abbey or cathedral intact (<a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> being an excellent example.) </p><p>One of the most famous examples of this lies in <a href="/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia">East Anglia</a>, near the village of <a href="/wiki/Walsingham" title="Walsingham">Walsingham</a>. Predating the <a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest" title="Norman Conquest">Norman Conquest</a>, this area of the present day United Kingdom was a major site of pilgrimage dedicated to the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a>, the mother of Christ. Over the centuries an Augustinian priory was erected upon the site that grew wealthy from pilgrims' donations and for its era this was one of the most popular shrines in all of England: Monarchs from nearly five centuries prior had worshipped at the place by 1510, up to and including Henry VII and Elizabeth. Men as famous as Erasmus also visited and the natural spring per Catholic tradition had healing powers. During Henry VIII's Reformation, however, the records show that the monks at Walsingham were turned out into the streets, the priory chapel was desecrated, and the gold and silver ornamentations of the architecture were looted. The statue of Our Lady of Walsingham at the centre of the shrine was brought back to London as a trophy to be destroyed, and the property itself was turned over to a man in the king's favour whereafter it was mined for its stone. </p><p>The great majority of images, and elements of church furniture disapproved of by the Protestants, were destroyed in waves under Henry VIII, Edward VI, and later during the <a href="/wiki/English_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="English Commonwealth">English Commonwealth</a>. For example, during the reign of Edward VI parishioners witnessed a royal decree ripping out the <a href="/wiki/Rood_screen" title="Rood screen">rood screen</a> in every single church: none of these now survive and in addition many altarpieces were burned. While Henry VIII was still alive, many statues and shrine objects were smashed or burnt: they were considered "abused images" and a form of idolatry by many aligning with the king.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Building of new churches became much less frequent, and as a result England actually has larger numbers of medieval churches whose main fabric has survived than most parts of Europe. Tragically, however, larger buildings like Jervaulx or Fountains, buildings whose wealth and grandeur were meant to rival Notre-Dame de Paris often do not even have their stained glass windows and are a shadow of their former selves. Other places were outright moved into and at best have tiny fragments of the original medieval priories, abbeys, and monasteries. </p><p>Henry and Edward are responsible for enormous losses and gaps in the cultural record; the damage was massive. Manuscripts, many of them illuminated, were lost, with many being burned. Some of these went back to the time of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxons</a>, but as few could read the runic alphabet (including the king himself) they were destroyed and their intricate covers, sometimes bejeweled, were looted. Distinctly English styles of craftsmanship in religious metalwork for chalices, bishops' croziers, patens, and cruets were melted down for the crown. </p><p>During this period, the arrival of the chimney stack and enclosed hearths resulted in the decline of the <a href="/wiki/Great_hall" title="Great hall">great hall</a> based around an open hearth that was typical of earlier Medieval architecture. Instead, <a href="/wiki/Fireplaces" class="mw-redirect" title="Fireplaces">fireplaces</a> could now be placed upstairs and it became possible to have a second story that ran the whole length of the house.<sup id="cite_ref-Quiney_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quiney-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tudor chimney-pieces were made large and elaborate to draw attention to the owner's adoption of this new technology.<sup id="cite_ref-LizaPicard_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LizaPicard-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Jettying" title="Jettying">jetty</a> appeared, as a way to show off the modernity of having a complete, full-length upper floor.<sup id="cite_ref-LizaPicard_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LizaPicard-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hallmarks_of_Tudor_architecture">Hallmarks of Tudor architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor_architecture&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hallmarks of Tudor architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Upper_classes">Upper classes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor_architecture&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Upper classes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Buildings constructed by the wealthy or royal had these common characteristics: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kentwell_Hall,_Long_Melford,_Suffolk-8700880501.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Kentwell_Hall%2C_Long_Melford%2C_Suffolk-8700880501.jpg/220px-Kentwell_Hall%2C_Long_Melford%2C_Suffolk-8700880501.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Kentwell_Hall%2C_Long_Melford%2C_Suffolk-8700880501.jpg/330px-Kentwell_Hall%2C_Long_Melford%2C_Suffolk-8700880501.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Kentwell_Hall%2C_Long_Melford%2C_Suffolk-8700880501.jpg/440px-Kentwell_Hall%2C_Long_Melford%2C_Suffolk-8700880501.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1095" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kentwell_Hall" title="Kentwell Hall">Kentwell Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tudor_chimneys_on_Hampton_Court_Palace,_Middlesex.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tudor_chimneys_on_Hampton_Court_Palace%2C_Middlesex.jpg/220px-Tudor_chimneys_on_Hampton_Court_Palace%2C_Middlesex.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tudor_chimneys_on_Hampton_Court_Palace%2C_Middlesex.jpg/330px-Tudor_chimneys_on_Hampton_Court_Palace%2C_Middlesex.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Tudor_chimneys_on_Hampton_Court_Palace%2C_Middlesex.jpg/440px-Tudor_chimneys_on_Hampton_Court_Palace%2C_Middlesex.jpg 2x" data-file-width="522" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption>Brick chimneys at <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace" title="Hampton Court Palace">Hampton Court Palace</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>An E- or H-shaped <a href="/wiki/Floor_plan" title="Floor plan">floor plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brick" title="Brick">Brick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stone_masonry" class="mw-redirect" title="Stone masonry">stone masonry</a>, sometimes with <a href="/wiki/Timber_framing" title="Timber framing">half timbers</a> on upper floors in grand houses earlier in the period</li> <li>Recycling of older medieval stone, especially after <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII's</a> <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Monasteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution of the Monasteries">Dissolution of the Monasteries</a>. Some reuse of monastery buildings as houses.</li> <li>Curvilinear <a href="/wiki/Gable" title="Gable">gables</a>, an influence taken from <a href="/wiki/Dutch_gable" title="Dutch gable">Dutch designs</a>, from the mid-century</li> <li>Displays of glass in large windows several feet long; only the rich could afford numerous expensive large windows. Heraldic <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">stained glass</a> was provided by <a href="/wiki/Galyon_Hone" title="Galyon Hone">Galyon Hone</a> and others</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-centred_arch" title="Four-centred arch">Depressed arches</a> in clerical and aristocratic design, especially in the early-middle portion of the period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerbeam_roof" title="Hammerbeam roof">Hammerbeam roofs</a> still in use for great halls from Medieval period under <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a> until 1603; were built more decoratively, often with geometric-patterned beams and <a href="/wiki/Corbels" class="mw-redirect" title="Corbels">corbels</a> carved into beasts</li> <li>Most windows, except large ones, are rectangular, and <a href="/wiki/Drip_mould" class="mw-redirect" title="Drip mould">drip moulds</a> common above them.</li> <li>Classical accents such as round-headed arches over doors and <a href="/wiki/Alcove_(architecture)" title="Alcove (architecture)">alcoves</a>, plus prominent <a href="/wiki/Balustrades" class="mw-redirect" title="Balustrades">balustrades</a> from time of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a> to <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a></li> <li>Large brick <a href="/wiki/Chimney" title="Chimney">chimneys</a>, often topped with narrow decorative <a href="/wiki/Chimney_pot#Chimney_pots.2C_caps_and_tops" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimney pot">chimney pots</a> in the homes of the upper middle class and higher. Ordinary medieval village houses were often made much pleasanter to live in by the addition of brick fireplaces and chimneys, replacing an open hearth.</li> <li>Wide, enormous stone <a href="/wiki/Fireplaces" class="mw-redirect" title="Fireplaces">fireplaces</a> with very large <a href="/wiki/Hearths" class="mw-redirect" title="Hearths">hearths</a> meant to accommodate larger scale entertaining; in aristocratic homes the formal rooms may have large <a href="/wiki/Chimneypiece" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimneypiece">chimneypieces</a> in stone, sometimes with the family's heraldry.</li> <li>Enormous ironwork for spit roasting located inside cooking fireplaces. In the homes of the upper class and nobility it was fashionable to show off wealth by being able to roast all manner of beasts weighing less than 500 grams on up to a full grown bull; in the case of royalty it would be seen as dishonor if the monarch's table could not provide equal to that of the Continental powers of France and Spain. Managing the flames would be the job of either a spit boy (Henry VII's reign) or later on a new invention where a turnspit dog ran on a treadmill (Elizabeth I's reign.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_gallery" title="Long gallery">Long galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapestries" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapestries">Tapestries</a> serving a triple purpose of keeping out chill, decorating the interior, and displaying wealth. In the wealthiest homes these may contain gold or silver thread. <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_van_der_Strete" title="Cornelius van der Strete">Cornelius van der Strete</a> added arms and ciphers to royal tapestries.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilding" title="Gilding">Gilt</a> detailing inside and outside the home</li> <li>Geometric landscaping in the back of the home: large gardens and enclosed <a href="/wiki/Courtyard" title="Courtyard">courtyards</a> were a feature of the very wealthy. Fountains begin to appear in the reign of Henry VIII.</li> <li>Arms- The Tudor dynasty is famous for using its Tudor rose as a decorative device, but also the royal coat of arms was in use throughout the period as a p.r. and marketing tool and today is an important marker that dates a structure, singles it out from any other coat of arms, and if authentic can prove its provenance: it would have been a feature of the furniture as well as ironwork. Very specific to royalty, the royal coat of arms of the House of Tudor would have been distinct from all others that have sat the throne: in common with most royal houses, the three lions passant and the fleur de lys pattern did impale the shield, with the motto of "God and my right." In common with all arms since <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III</a>, they all have the gold lion passant guardant standing upon a <a href="/wiki/Chapeau" title="Chapeau">chapeau</a>, bearing a royal crown on its head. However, this period specifically hd the Greyhound Argent collared Gules plus a matching red dragon gules sinister garnished and armed Or, a nod to the Welsh origins of the House of Tudor. For Henry VII, the dragon occasionally would have been replaced with a lion rampant and had red mantling lined with ermine; this distinguishes it from his son, Henry VIII, who lined his with gold. Mary I had the black eagle rampant sinister as a supporter, a nod to her marriage to <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lower_classes">Lower classes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor_architecture&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Lower classes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The houses and buildings of <a href="/wiki/Commoner" title="Commoner">ordinary people</a> were typically <a href="/wiki/Timber_framing" title="Timber framing">timber framed</a>. Timber framing on the upper floors of a house started appearing after 1400 CE in Europe and originally it was a method used to keep water from going back into the walls, instead being redirected back to the soil.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The frame was usually filled with <a href="/wiki/Wattle_and_daub" title="Wattle and daub">wattle and daub</a> but occasionally with <a href="/wiki/Brick" title="Brick">brick</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LizaPicard_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LizaPicard-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These houses were also slower to adopt the latest trends, and the <a href="/wiki/Great_hall" title="Great hall">great hall</a> continued to prevail.<sup id="cite_ref-Quiney_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quiney-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fireplaces were quite large by modern standards, and intended to heat as much of the home as possible as well as cook upon them because in this period England was much more <a href="/wiki/Little_Ice_Age" title="Little Ice Age">prone to snow.</a> </p><p>Smaller Tudor-style houses display the following characteristics: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anne_Hathaways_Cottage_1_(5662418953).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Anne_Hathaways_Cottage_1_%285662418953%29.jpg/250px-Anne_Hathaways_Cottage_1_%285662418953%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Anne_Hathaways_Cottage_1_%285662418953%29.jpg/375px-Anne_Hathaways_Cottage_1_%285662418953%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Anne_Hathaways_Cottage_1_%285662418953%29.jpg/500px-Anne_Hathaways_Cottage_1_%285662418953%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3900" data-file-height="3020" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hathaway%27s_Cottage" title="Anne Hathaway's Cottage">Anne Hathaway's Cottage</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Timber_framing" title="Timber framing">timber-framed</a> farmhouse</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Churches_Mansion_left.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Churches_Mansion_left.jpg/250px-Churches_Mansion_left.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Churches_Mansion_left.jpg/375px-Churches_Mansion_left.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Churches_Mansion_left.jpg/500px-Churches_Mansion_left.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="862" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Churche%27s_Mansion" title="Churche's Mansion">Churche's Mansion</a>, Nantwich, Ches.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Simpler square or rectangular <a href="/wiki/Floor_plans" class="mw-redirect" title="Floor plans">floor plans</a> in market towns or cities</li> <li>Farmhouses retain a small fat 'H' shape and traces of late Medieval architecture; modification was less expensive than entirely rebuilding.</li> <li>Steeply <a href="/wiki/Pitched_roof" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitched roof">pitched roof</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Thatching" title="Thatching">thatching</a> or tiles of <a href="/wiki/Slate_roof#Slate_in_buildings" class="mw-redirect" title="Slate roof">slate</a> or more rarely <a href="/wiki/Tile#Roof_tiles" title="Tile">clay</a> (<a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> did not ban thatched roofs within the city until the 1660s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruck" title="Cruck">Cruck</a> framing in use throughout the period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerbeam_roof" title="Hammerbeam roof">Hammerbeam roofs</a> retained for sake of utility (remained common in barns)</li> <li>Prominent cross <a href="/wiki/Gable" title="Gable">gables</a></li> <li>Tall, narrow doors and windows</li> <li>Small diamond-shaped window panes, typically with <a href="/wiki/Leadlight" title="Leadlight">lead casings</a> to hold them together</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormer" title="Dormer">Dormer</a> windows, late in the period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagstone" title="Flagstone">Flagstone</a> or dirt floors rather than all stone and wood</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_framing" title="Timber framing">Half-timbers</a> made of oak, with <a href="/wiki/Wattle_and_daub" title="Wattle and daub">wattle and daub</a> walls painted white</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brickwork" title="Brickwork">Brickwork</a> in homes of gentry, especially Elizabethan. As with <a href="/wiki/Upper_classes" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper classes">upper classes</a>, conformed to a set size of 210–250 mm (8.3–9.8 in) × 100–120 mm (3.9–4.7 in) × 40–50 mm (1.6–2.0 in), bonded by <a href="/wiki/Mortar_(masonry)" title="Mortar (masonry)">mortar</a> with a high lime content</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jettying" title="Jettying">Jettied</a> top floor to increase interior space;<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was very common in <a href="/wiki/Market_town" title="Market town">market town</a> <a href="/wiki/High_street" class="mw-redirect" title="High street">high streets</a> and larger cities like London.</li> <li>Extremely narrow to nonexistent space between buildings in towns</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inglenook" title="Inglenook">Inglenook</a> fireplaces. Open floor fireplaces were a feature during the time of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_of_England" title="Henry VII of England">Henry VII</a> but had declined in use by the 1560s for all but the poor as the growing middle classes were becoming more able to build them into their homes. Fireplace would be approximately 138 cm (4.5 ft) wide × 91 cm (3 ft) tall × at least 100 cm (3.3 ft) deep. The largest fireplace—in the kitchen—had a hook nailed into the wall for hanging a cooking <a href="/wiki/Cauldron" title="Cauldron">cauldron</a> rather than the tripod of an open plan. Many chimneys were coated with lime or plaster inside to the misfortune of the owner: when heated these would decompose and thus the very first fire codes were implemented during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a>, as many lost their homes because of faulty installation.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masonry_oven" title="Masonry oven">Oven</a> not separated from apparatus used in fireplace, especially after the reign of <a href="/wiki/Edward_VI" title="Edward VI">Edward VI</a>; middle-class homes had no use for such enormous ovens nor money to build them.</li> <li>More emphasis on wooden <a href="/wiki/Staircase" title="Staircase">staircases</a> in homes of the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_bourgeoisie#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval bourgeoisie">middle class</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gentry" title="Gentry">gentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outhouses" class="mw-redirect" title="Outhouses">Outhouses</a> in the back of the home, especially beyond cities in market towns, often referred to as "the jakes" in documents that survive. Flushable toilets were centuries away for the middle classes and in some less common cases they would not move indoors completely until the second half of the 20th century.</li> <li>Little landscaping behind the home, but rather small <a href="/wiki/Kitchen_garden#Herb_garden" title="Kitchen garden">herb gardens</a>. Occasionally bee skeps would be kept in this area as a means of getting wax for candles and also, when in season, honey.</li> <li>The poorest classes lived in hovels, a building with a slightly different definition than today: it was a one-room wattle-and-daub hut. Most did not have the copyhold on the land they occupied and were tenants on another man's land; amenities were very basic in that there was a place to sleep, a place to eat, and a place to cook.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor_architecture&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Institutional">Institutional</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor_architecture&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Institutional"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ecclesiastical">Ecclesiastical</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor_architecture&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canaletto_-_The_Interior_of_Henry_VII%27s_Chapel_in_Westminster_Abbey.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Canaletto_-_The_Interior_of_Henry_VII%27s_Chapel_in_Westminster_Abbey.JPG/220px-Canaletto_-_The_Interior_of_Henry_VII%27s_Chapel_in_Westminster_Abbey.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Canaletto_-_The_Interior_of_Henry_VII%27s_Chapel_in_Westminster_Abbey.JPG/330px-Canaletto_-_The_Interior_of_Henry_VII%27s_Chapel_in_Westminster_Abbey.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Canaletto_-_The_Interior_of_Henry_VII%27s_Chapel_in_Westminster_Abbey.JPG/440px-Canaletto_-_The_Interior_of_Henry_VII%27s_Chapel_in_Westminster_Abbey.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1248" data-file-height="1467" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_Lady_Chapel" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VII Lady Chapel">Henry VII Lady Chapel</a> at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> (1503–09)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:First_Court_Gatehouse,_St_John%27s_College,_Cambridge_c1870.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/First_Court_Gatehouse%2C_St_John%27s_College%2C_Cambridge_c1870.jpg/220px-First_Court_Gatehouse%2C_St_John%27s_College%2C_Cambridge_c1870.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/First_Court_Gatehouse%2C_St_John%27s_College%2C_Cambridge_c1870.jpg/330px-First_Court_Gatehouse%2C_St_John%27s_College%2C_Cambridge_c1870.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/First_Court_Gatehouse%2C_St_John%27s_College%2C_Cambridge_c1870.jpg/440px-First_Court_Gatehouse%2C_St_John%27s_College%2C_Cambridge_c1870.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>First Quad gate tower, <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_College,_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's College, Cambridge">St. John's College, Cambridge</a> (1511-20)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge,_Gate_of_Honour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gonville_and_Caius_College%2C_Cambridge%2C_Gate_of_Honour.jpg/220px-Gonville_and_Caius_College%2C_Cambridge%2C_Gate_of_Honour.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gonville_and_Caius_College%2C_Cambridge%2C_Gate_of_Honour.jpg/330px-Gonville_and_Caius_College%2C_Cambridge%2C_Gate_of_Honour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Gonville_and_Caius_College%2C_Cambridge%2C_Gate_of_Honour.jpg/440px-Gonville_and_Caius_College%2C_Cambridge%2C_Gate_of_Honour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>The Gate of Honor, Caius Court, <a href="/wiki/Gonville_%26_Caius_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonville & Caius College">Gonville & Caius College</a>, Cambridge (1565)</figcaption></figure><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Perpendicular_Gothic" title="Perpendicular Gothic">Perpendicular Gothic</a></div> <ul><li>The final stages of <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_Chapel,_Cambridge" title="King's College Chapel, Cambridge">King's College Chapel, Cambridge</a> (1446–1515)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Peter_and_St_Paul%27s_Church,_Lavenham" title="St Peter and St Paul's Church, Lavenham">St Peter and St Paul's Church, Lavenham</a>, Suffolk (1485–1525)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings_in_King%27s_Lynn#Red_Mount" title="List of buildings in King's Lynn">Red Mount Chapel</a>, King's Lynn, Norfolk (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1485</span>–1533)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Chapel_at_Windsor_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle">St. George's Chapel</a>, Windsor Castle (1475–1528)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Winefride%27s_Well" title="St Winefride's Well">St Winefride's Well</a> Holywell, Flintshire, Wales (1490)</li> <li>The central tower and <a href="/wiki/Strainer_arch" title="Strainer arch">strainer arches</a> of <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral" title="Canterbury Cathedral">Canterbury Cathedral</a>, Kent (1493–97)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Retrochoir" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrochoir">retrochoir</a> at <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Cathedral" title="Peterborough Cathedral">Peterborough Cathedral</a>, Cambs. (1496-1508)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Lady_Chapel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lady Chapel">Lady Chapel</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rochester_Cathedral" title="Rochester Cathedral">Rochester Cathedral</a>, Kent (1500–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bath_Abbey" title="Bath Abbey">Bath Abbey</a>, Somerset (1501–39)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Edmundsbury_Cathedral" title="St Edmundsbury Cathedral">St Edmundsbury Cathedral</a>, Suffolk (1503)</li> <li>The nave of <a href="/wiki/Ripon_Cathedral" title="Ripon Cathedral">Ripon Cathedral</a>, N. Yorks. (1502–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII_Lady_Chapel" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VII Lady Chapel">Henry VII Lady Chapel</a> at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>, London (1503–1509)<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._John_the_Baptist,_Cirencester" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St. John the Baptist, Cirencester">Church of St. John the Baptist, Cirencester</a>, Glos. (1508–30)</li> <li>The cloister at <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Cathedral" title="Bristol Cathedral">Bristol Cathedral</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1515</span>–26)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertford_College,_Oxford#New_Quadrangle" title="Hertford College, Oxford">Chapel of St. Mary at Smith Gate</a>, Oxford (1520–21; "The Octagon", <a href="/wiki/Hertford_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Hertford College">Hertford College</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chantry" title="Chantry">Chantry chapels</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ely_Cathedral" title="Ely Cathedral">Ely Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exeter_Cathedral" title="Exeter Cathedral">Exeter Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Worcester_Cathedral" title="Worcester Cathedral">Worcester Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Cathedral" title="Salisbury Cathedral">Salisbury Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Cathedral" title="Winchester Cathedral">Winchester Cathedral</a> and others</li> <li>London churches of <a href="/wiki/Chapel_Royal_of_St._Peter_ad_Vincula" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapel Royal of St. Peter ad Vincula">St. Peter ad Vincula</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Andrew_Undershaft" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Andrew Undershaft">St. Andrew Undershaft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Chapel" title="Savoy Chapel">Savoy Chapel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/St_Augustine%27s_Tower,_Hackney" title="St Augustine's Tower, Hackney">St. Augustine's, Hackney</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Academic">Academic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor_architecture&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Academic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magdalen_Tower" title="Magdalen Tower">Magdalen Tower</a>, Oxford (1492–1509)</li> <li>First Court, <a href="/wiki/Christ%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="Christ's College, Cambridge">Christ's College, Cambridge</a> (1505–11)</li> <li>Old Quad, <a href="/wiki/Brasenose_College,_Oxford" title="Brasenose College, Oxford">Brasenose College, Oxford</a> (1509–22)</li> <li>First Quad (1511–20) & Second Quad (1598-1602), <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_College,_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's College, Cambridge">St. John's College, Cambridge</a></li> <li>Front Quad, <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_College,_Oxford" title="Corpus Christi College, Oxford">Corpus Christi College, Oxford</a> (1517)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Quad" title="Tom Quad">Tom Quad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church,_Oxford" title="Christ Church, Oxford">Christ Church, Oxford</a> (1525–29)</li> <li>Caius Court, <a href="/wiki/Gonville_%26_Caius_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonville & Caius College">Gonville & Caius College</a>, Cambridge (1565)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Great_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity Great Court">Great Court</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a> (1599-1608)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Commercial">Commercial</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor_architecture&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Commercial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thaxted_Guildhall" title="Thaxted Guildhall">Thaxted Guildhall</a>, Essex (late 15th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malmesbury_Market_Cross" title="Malmesbury Market Cross">Malmesbury Market Cross</a>, Wiltshire (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1490</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Cross,_Shepton_Mallet" title="Market Cross, Shepton Mallet">Market Cross, Shepton Mallet</a>, Somerset (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1500</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavenham_Guildhall" title="Lavenham Guildhall">Lavenham Guildhall</a>, Suffolk (1529)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Much_Wenlock_Guildhall" title="Much Wenlock Guildhall">Much Wenlock Guildhall</a>, Shropshire (1587)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Market_Hall,_Shrewsbury" title="Old Market Hall, Shrewsbury">Old Market Hall, Shrewsbury</a>, Shropshire (1597)</li> <li>Old <a href="/wiki/Royal_Exchange,_London#History" title="Royal Exchange, London">Royal Exchange</a>, London (1565–71 by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gresham" title="Thomas Gresham">Thomas Gresham</a>; burned 1666)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Inns_of_Court">Inns of Court</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor_architecture&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Inns of Court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Herbert_Railton_-_Middle_Temple_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Herbert_Railton_-_Middle_Temple_Hall.jpg/220px-Herbert_Railton_-_Middle_Temple_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Herbert_Railton_-_Middle_Temple_Hall.jpg/330px-Herbert_Railton_-_Middle_Temple_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Herbert_Railton_-_Middle_Temple_Hall.jpg/440px-Herbert_Railton_-_Middle_Temple_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1354" data-file-height="1900" /></a><figcaption>The Hall, <a href="/wiki/Middle_Temple" title="Middle Temple">Middle Temple</a>, London; damaged and rebuilt after World War II</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Inn#Old_Hall" title="Lincoln's Inn">Lincoln's Inn Old Hall</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1490</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Inn#Hall" title="Gray's Inn">Gray's Inn Hall</a> (1559; damaged in <a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">the Blitz</a> and restored<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Temple#The_Hall" title="Middle Temple">Middle Temple Hall</a> (1562–72; damaged in the Blitz and restored<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staple_Inn" title="Staple Inn">Staple Inn</a> (1580–86; damaged in the Blitz and restored<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other">Other</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor_architecture&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Tribunal,_Glastonbury" title="The Tribunal, Glastonbury">The Tribunal, Glastonbury</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1500</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globe_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Globe Theater">Globe Theater</a>, London (1599; d. & rebuilt, 1613–14; b. 1644) Replica built approximately 1 city block away from original site on South Bank of the Thames.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Gate" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's Gate">St. John's Gate</a>, Clerkenwell Priory, London (1504)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford%27s_Hospital" title="Ford's Hospital">Ford's Hospital</a>, Coventry</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic">Domestic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor_architecture&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Domestic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Royal_Residences">Royal Residences</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor_architecture&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Royal Residences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Henry VII, <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwich Palace">Greenwich Palace</a>, Greenwich, London (1498–1504; d. 1660) Archaeological work done on palace within last 30 years. Current ruins directly underneath modern Naval College.</li> <li>Henry VII, <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Palace" title="Richmond Palace">Richmond Palace</a>, Richmond-upon-Thames, London (1498–1502, d. 1649) Fragments of original palace still extant. Fell out of favour after the Stuart Dynasty.</li> <li>Henry VIII, <a href="/wiki/Bridewell_Palace" title="Bridewell Palace">Bridewell Palace</a>, London (1515–23, b. 1666)</li> <li>Henry VIII, <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Beaulieu" title="Palace of Beaulieu">Palace of Beaulieu</a>, Essex (1516–27, partially d.)</li> <li>Henry VIII, <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Castle" title="Leeds Castle">Leeds Castle</a>, Kent (1519)</li> <li>Henry VIII, <a href="/wiki/Hunsdon_House" title="Hunsdon House">Hunsdon House</a>, Herts. (1525, partially d.)</li> <li>Henry VIII, <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Palace" title="St James's Palace">St. James's Palace</a>, Westminster, London (1531–44)</li> <li>Henry VIII, <a href="/wiki/Oatlands_Palace" title="Oatlands Palace">Oatlands Palace</a>, Surrey (1538, d.)</li> <li>Henry VIII, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth%27s_Hunting_Lodge" title="Queen Elizabeth's Hunting Lodge">Queen Elizabeth's Hunting Lodge</a> at Great Standing, Chingford, London (1542–43)</li> <li>Henry VIII, <a href="/wiki/Nonsuch_Palace" title="Nonsuch Palace">Nonsuch Palace</a>, Epsom, Surrey (1538; d. 1682)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_Palaces">Other Palaces</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor_architecture&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Other Palaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hampton_Court_Palace,_Gothic_Court,_by_Charles_Wild,_1819_-_royal_coll_922129_313701_ORI_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Hampton_Court_Palace%2C_Gothic_Court%2C_by_Charles_Wild%2C_1819_-_royal_coll_922129_313701_ORI_2.jpg/220px-Hampton_Court_Palace%2C_Gothic_Court%2C_by_Charles_Wild%2C_1819_-_royal_coll_922129_313701_ORI_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Hampton_Court_Palace%2C_Gothic_Court%2C_by_Charles_Wild%2C_1819_-_royal_coll_922129_313701_ORI_2.jpg/330px-Hampton_Court_Palace%2C_Gothic_Court%2C_by_Charles_Wild%2C_1819_-_royal_coll_922129_313701_ORI_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Hampton_Court_Palace%2C_Gothic_Court%2C_by_Charles_Wild%2C_1819_-_royal_coll_922129_313701_ORI_2.jpg/440px-Hampton_Court_Palace%2C_Gothic_Court%2C_by_Charles_Wild%2C_1819_-_royal_coll_922129_313701_ORI_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1244" data-file-height="1571" /></a><figcaption>Great Hall, <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace" title="Hampton Court Palace">Hampton Court Palace</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Bishop <a href="/wiki/Richard_FitzJames" title="Richard FitzJames">Richard FitzJames</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fulham_Palace" title="Fulham Palace">Fulham Palace</a>, Fulham, London (1480–1522)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Morton" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Morton">Cardinal Morton</a>, portions of <a href="/wiki/Lambeth_Palace" title="Lambeth Palace">Lambeth Palace</a>, Lambeth, London (1495)</li> <li>Cardinal Morton, <a href="/wiki/Hatfield_House" title="Hatfield House">Hatfield Old Palace</a>, Herts. (1497, partly d.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Wolsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Wolsey">Cardinal Wolsey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace" title="Hampton Court Palace">Hampton Court Palace</a>, Richmond-upon-Thames, London (1498–1502)</li> <li>Cardinal Wolsey, <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Whitehall" title="Palace of Whitehall">Palace of Whitehall</a>, Westminster, London (1514–30; burned 1691; see <a href="/wiki/Holbein_Gate" title="Holbein Gate">Holbein Gate</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Christopher_Hatton" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Christopher Hatton">Sir Christopher Hatton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holdenby_House" title="Holdenby House">Holdenby Palace</a>, Northants. (1583, d.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Burghley" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Burghley">Lord Burghley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theobalds_House" title="Theobalds House">Theobalds Palace</a>, Herts. (1564–85, d.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Metropolitan_London">Metropolitan London</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor_architecture&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Metropolitan London"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Charterhouse#Tudor_Mansion" title="London Charterhouse">London Charterhouse Great Hall</a> (1545)</li> <li>Great Hall, <a href="/wiki/Beddington#Carew_Manor" title="Beddington">Carew Manor</a>, Beddington (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1510</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_House,_London" title="Sutton House, London">Sutton House</a>, Hackney (1535)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_Place" title="Suffolk Place">Suffolk Place</a>, Southwark (1522; d. 1557)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_Place" title="Hall Place">Hall Place</a>, Bexley (1537–1649)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syon_House" title="Syon House">Syon House</a>, Isleworth (1552)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broomfield_House" title="Broomfield House">Broomfield House</a>, Enfield (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1560</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastbury_Manor_House" title="Eastbury Manor House">Eastbury Manor House</a>, Dagenham (1566–73)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Outside_of_London">Outside of London</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor_architecture&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Outside of London"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ComptonW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/ComptonW.jpg/220px-ComptonW.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/ComptonW.jpg/330px-ComptonW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/ComptonW.jpg/440px-ComptonW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>Compton Wynyates, Warwickshire</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Little_Moreton_Hall_The_Long_Gallery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Little_Moreton_Hall_The_Long_Gallery.jpg/220px-Little_Moreton_Hall_The_Long_Gallery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Little_Moreton_Hall_The_Long_Gallery.jpg/330px-Little_Moreton_Hall_The_Long_Gallery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Little_Moreton_Hall_The_Long_Gallery.jpg/440px-Little_Moreton_Hall_The_Long_Gallery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8688" data-file-height="5792" /></a><figcaption>The long gallery, <a href="/wiki/Little_Moreton_Hall" title="Little Moreton Hall">Little Moreton Hall</a>, Cheshire</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Architecture_of_the_renaissance_in_England_Plate_03_Burghley_House_east_side_of_the_courtyard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Architecture_of_the_renaissance_in_England_Plate_03_Burghley_House_east_side_of_the_courtyard.jpg/220px-Architecture_of_the_renaissance_in_England_Plate_03_Burghley_House_east_side_of_the_courtyard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Architecture_of_the_renaissance_in_England_Plate_03_Burghley_House_east_side_of_the_courtyard.jpg/330px-Architecture_of_the_renaissance_in_England_Plate_03_Burghley_House_east_side_of_the_courtyard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Architecture_of_the_renaissance_in_England_Plate_03_Burghley_House_east_side_of_the_courtyard.jpg/440px-Architecture_of_the_renaissance_in_England_Plate_03_Burghley_House_east_side_of_the_courtyard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5497" data-file-height="7488" /></a><figcaption>Portal, <a href="/wiki/Burghley_House" title="Burghley House">Burghley House</a>, near Peterborough</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rear_of_Wollaton_Hall_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rear_of_Wollaton_Hall_2015.jpg/220px-Rear_of_Wollaton_Hall_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rear_of_Wollaton_Hall_2015.jpg/330px-Rear_of_Wollaton_Hall_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rear_of_Wollaton_Hall_2015.jpg/440px-Rear_of_Wollaton_Hall_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2599" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wollaton_Hall" title="Wollaton Hall">Wollaton Hall</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kenilworth_Castle_Gardens_(9791).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kenilworth_Castle_Gardens_%289791%29.jpg/220px-Kenilworth_Castle_Gardens_%289791%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kenilworth_Castle_Gardens_%289791%29.jpg/330px-Kenilworth_Castle_Gardens_%289791%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kenilworth_Castle_Gardens_%289791%29.jpg/440px-Kenilworth_Castle_Gardens_%289791%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Elizabethan gardens at <a href="/wiki/Kenilworth_Castle" title="Kenilworth Castle">Kenilworth Castle</a></figcaption></figure> <p>(see <a href="/wiki/Prodigy_house" title="Prodigy house">Prodigy house</a>) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Wynyates" title="Compton Wynyates">Compton Wynyates</a>, Warks. (1481–1515)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxburgh_Hall" title="Oxburgh Hall">Oxburgh Hall</a>, Norfolk (1482-& seq.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prysten_House" title="Prysten House">Prysten House</a>, Plymouth, Devon (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1490</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athelhampton_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Athelhampton House">Athelhampton House</a>, Dorset (1493–1550)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paycocke%27s_House_and_Garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Paycocke's House and Garden">Paycocke's House and Garden</a>, Coggeshall, Essex (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1500</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorney_Court" title="Dorney Court">Dorney Court</a>, Bucks. (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1500</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Moreton_Hall" title="Little Moreton Hall">Little Moreton Hall</a>, Ches. (1504–62)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornbury_Castle" title="Thornbury Castle">Thornbury Castle</a>, Glos. (1508–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coughton_Court" title="Coughton Court">Coughton Court</a>, Warks. (1509–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmingham_Hall" title="Helmingham Hall">Helmingham Hall</a>, Suffolk (1510; remodeled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layer_Marney_Tower" title="Layer Marney Tower">Layer Marney Tower</a>, Essex (1520)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Barsham_Manor" title="East Barsham Manor">East Barsham Manor</a>, Norfolk (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1520</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Place,_Surrey" title="Sutton Place, Surrey">Sutton Place</a>, Surrey (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1525</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengrave_Hall" title="Hengrave Hall">Hengrave Hall</a>, Suffolk (1525–1538)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenies_Manor_House" title="Chenies Manor House">Chenies Manor House</a>, Bucks. (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1530</span>–1550)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speke_Hall" title="Speke Hall">Speke Hall</a>, Liverpool (1530–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufford_Old_Hall" title="Rufford Old Hall">Rufford Old Hall</a>, Lancs. (1530)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowdray_House" title="Cowdray House">Cowdray Castle</a>, Sussex (1533–38)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrington_Court" title="Barrington Court">Barrington Court</a>, Somerset (1538–50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentwell_Hall" title="Kentwell Hall">Kentwell Hall</a>, Suffolk (1540–63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haslington_Hall" title="Haslington Hall">Haslington Hall</a>, Ches. (1545)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broughton_Castle" title="Broughton Castle">Broughton Castle</a>, Oxon. (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1550</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cothelstone_Manor" title="Cothelstone Manor">Cothelstone Manor</a>, Somerset (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1550</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Fosters" title="Great Fosters">Great Fosters</a>, Surrey (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1550</span>)</li> <li>The east tower, <a href="/wiki/Wilton_House" title="Wilton House">Wilton House</a>, Wilts. (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1551</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melford_Hall" title="Melford Hall">Melford Hall</a>, Suffolk (1554–59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burghley_House" title="Burghley House">Burghley House</a>, Peterborough, Cambs. (1555–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawston_Hall" title="Sawston Hall">Sawston Hall</a>, Cambs. (1557–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Englefield_House" title="Englefield House">Englefield House</a>, Berks. (1557)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlecote_Park" title="Charlecote Park">Charlecote Park</a>, Warks. (1558)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_Constable_Hall" title="Burton Constable Hall">Burton Constable Hall</a>, E. Yorks. (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1560</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitchford_Hall" title="Pitchford Hall">Pitchford Hall</a>, Salop. (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1560</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loseley_Park" title="Loseley Park">Loseley Park</a>, Surrey (1562–68)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handforth_Hall" title="Handforth Hall">Handforth Hall</a>, Ches. (1562)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Gorhambury_House" title="Old Gorhambury House">Old Gorhambury House</a>, Herts. (1563–68; ruins)</li> <li>Additions by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Dudley,_1st_Earl_of_Leicester" title="Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester">Lord Leicester</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kenilworth_Castle" title="Kenilworth Castle">Kenilworth Castle</a>, (1563–75; ruined 1649)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chequers_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Chequers Court">Chequers Court</a>, Bucks. (1565)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longleat" title="Longleat">Longleat</a>, Somerset (1567 by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smythson" title="Robert Smythson">Robert Smythson</a> & al.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirby_Hall" title="Kirby Hall">Kirby Hall</a>, Northants. (1570–75; ruins)</li> <li>Great Chamber at <a href="/wiki/Gilling_Castle" title="Gilling Castle">Gilling Castle</a>, N. Yorks. (1571–75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Ashby_House" title="Castle Ashby House">Castle Ashby</a>, Northants. (1574-1635)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longford_Castle" title="Longford Castle">Longford Castle</a>, Wilts. (1576–91)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churche%27s_Mansion" title="Churche's Mansion">Churche's Mansion</a>, Nantwich, Ches. (1577)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parham_Park" title="Parham Park">Parham Park</a>, W. Sussex (1577)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainthorpe_Hall" title="Rainthorpe Hall">Rainthorpe Hall</a>, Norfolk (1579-& seq.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wollaton_Hall" title="Wollaton Hall">Wollaton Hall</a>, Nottingham (1580-88 by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smythson" title="Robert Smythson">Robert Smythson</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benthall_Hall" title="Benthall Hall">Benthall Hall</a>, Salop. (1580)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Lodge,_Ludlow" title="Castle Lodge, Ludlow">Castle Lodge, Ludlow</a>, Salop. (1580)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaw_House,_Berkshire" title="Shaw House, Berkshire">Shaw House</a>, Newbury, Berks. (1581)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsham_Court" title="Corsham Court">Corsham Court</a>, Wilts. (1582)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barlborough_Hall" title="Barlborough Hall">Barlborough Hall</a>, Derbys. (1583)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapledurham_House" title="Mapledurham House">Mapledurham House</a>, Mapledurham, Oxon. (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1585</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilderhope_Manor" title="Wilderhope Manor">Wilderhope Manor</a>, Shropshire. (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1585</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brereton_Hall" title="Brereton Hall">Brereton Hall</a>, Ches. (1586)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakehurst_Place" title="Wakehurst Place">Wakehurst Place</a>, W Sussex (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1590</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardwick_Hall" title="Hardwick Hall">Hardwick Hall</a>, Derbys. (1590-97 by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smythson" title="Robert Smythson">Robert Smythson</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_i%27_th%27_Wood" title="Hall i' th' Wood">Hall-i’-th’-Wood</a>, Bolton, Manchester (1591-1648)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condover_Hall" title="Condover Hall">Condover Hall</a>, Salop. (1591–98, attr. to <a href="/wiki/John_Thorpe" title="John Thorpe">John Thorpe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglesey_Abbey" title="Anglesey Abbey">Anglesey Abbey</a>, Cambs. (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1591</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Palace" title="Stanley Palace">Stanley Palace</a>, Chester (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1591</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longford_Castle" title="Longford Castle">Longford Castle</a>, Salisbury, Wilts. (1591 by <a href="/wiki/John_Thorpe" title="John Thorpe">John Thorpe</a> & al.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_House" title="Danny House">Danny House</a>, W Sussex (1593–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doddington_Hall,_Lincolnshire" title="Doddington Hall, Lincolnshire">Doddington Hall</a>, Lincs. (1593-1600 by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smythson" title="Robert Smythson">Robert Smythson</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Hall" title="Milton Hall">Milton Hall</a>, Cambs. (1593–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayhurst_House" title="Gayhurst House">Gayhurst House</a>, Bucks. (1597-1603)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cold_Ashton_Manor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cold Ashton Manor (page does not exist)">Cold Ashton Manor</a>, Glos.(1597-1601)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountains_Hall" title="Fountains Hall">Fountains Hall</a>, N. Yorks. (1598-1604)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montacute_House" title="Montacute House">Montacute House</a>, Somerset (1598 by <a href="/wiki/William_Arnold_(architect)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Arnold (architect)">William Arnold</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramall_Hall" title="Bramall Hall">Bramall Hall</a>, Manchester (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1599</span>)</li> <li>Rotherwas House, Herefords. (1600–11; d., interior now at <a href="/wiki/Amherst_College" title="Amherst College">Amherst College</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Rotherwas_Room" title="Rotherwas Room">Rotherwas Room</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawthorpe_Hall" title="Gawthorpe Hall">Gawthorpe Hall</a>, Lancs. (1600–04, attr. to <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smythson" title="Robert Smythson">Robert Smythson</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westwood_House" title="Westwood House">Westwood House</a>, Worcs. (1600)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartwell_House,_Buckinghamshire" title="Hartwell House, Buckinghamshire">Hartwell House</a>, Bucks. (ea. 17th C.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_Agnes_Hall" title="Burton Agnes Hall">Burton Agnes Hall</a>, E. Yorks. (1601–10, attr. to <a href="/wiki/Robert_Smythson" title="Robert Smythson">Robert Smythson</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tudor_Revival">Tudor Revival</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor_architecture&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Tudor Revival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tudor_Revival_architecture" title="Tudor Revival architecture">Tudor Revival architecture</a></div> <p>In the 19th century a free mix of late Gothic elements, Tudor, and Elizabethan were combined for public buildings, such as hotels and railway stations, as well as for residences. The popularity continued into the 20th century for residential building. This type of <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Revival_architecture" title="Renaissance Revival architecture">Renaissance Revival architecture</a> is called 'Tudor,' 'Mock Tudor,' 'Tudor Revival,' 'Elizabethan,' 'Tudorbethan,' and '<a href="/wiki/Jacobethan" title="Jacobethan">Jacobethan</a>.' </p><p>Tudor and Elizabethan precedents were the clear inspiration for many 19th and 20th century grand country houses in the United States and the British Commonwealth countries. A 19th and 20th century movement to build revivalist institutional buildings at schools and hospitals often drew from famous Tudor examples such as the <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Gothic" title="Collegiate Gothic">Collegiate Gothic</a> architectural style. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor_architecture&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. 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Cambridge University Press. p. 363.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tudor+Period&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=363&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATudor+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LizaPicard-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LizaPicard_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LizaPicard_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LizaPicard_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LizaPicard_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPicard2003" class="citation book cs1">Picard, Liza (2003). <i>Elizabeth's London</i>. 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Frome: Batsford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7134-3768-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7134-3768-3"><bdi>978-0-7134-3768-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Styles+of+English+Architecture&rft.place=Frome&rft.pub=Batsford&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-7134-3768-3&rft.aulast=Pragnall&rft.aufirst=Hubert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstylesofenglisha00prag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATudor+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Airs-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Airs_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAirs1982" class="citation book cs1">Airs, Malcolm (1982). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Black+and+White%22+Tudor+Buildings&rft.pub=Tudorhistory.org&rft.aulast=Eakins&rft.aufirst=Lara+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftudorhistory.org%2Fplaces%2Fbw%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATudor+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavenport1988" class="citation web cs1">Davenport, Peter (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historyofbath.org/images/BathHistory/Vol%2002%20-%2001.%20Davenport%20-%20Bath%20Abbey.pdf">"Bath History Volume II: Bath Abbey"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>historyofbath.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=historyofbath.org&rft.atitle=Bath+History+Volume+II%3A+Bath+Abbey&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Davenport&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoryofbath.org%2Fimages%2FBathHistory%2FVol%252002%2520-%252001.%2520Davenport%2520-%2520Bath%2520Abbey.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATudor+architecture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li>Gunn, S. (2016). The making of Tudor England. In S. Gunn (Ed.), Henry VII’s New Men and the Making of Tudor England (p. 0). Oxford University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199659838.003.0018">https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199659838.003.0018</a></li> <li>Tudor Architecture. (n.d.). English Heritage. Retrieved April 19, 2024, from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/story-of-england/tudors/architecture/">https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/story-of-england/tudors/architecture/</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor_architecture&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Airs, Malcolm, <i>The Buildings of Britain, A Guide and Gazetteer, Tudor and Jacobean</i>, 1982, Barrie & Jenkins (London), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0091478316" title="Special:BookSources/0091478316">0091478316</a></li> <li>Airs, Malcolm, <i>The Tudor and Jacobean Country House: A Building History</i>, 1998, Bramley, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1858338336" title="Special:BookSources/1858338336">1858338336</a>, 978-1858338330</li> <li>Garner, Thomas and Arthur James Stratton, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dmr.bsu.edu/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=exact&CISOFIELD1=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOROOT=/CroqArchJou&CISOBOX1=Domestic%20Architecture%20of%20England%20during%20the%20Tudor%20Period%2C%20vols.%201-3"><i>Domestic Architecture of England during the Tudor Period</i></a>. London: B.T. Batsford, 1908–1911.</li> <li>Henderson, Paula, <i>The Tudor House and Garden: Architecture and Landscape in the Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries</i>, 2005, Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art/ Yale University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0300106874" title="Special:BookSources/0300106874">0300106874</a>, 978-0300106879</li> <li>Howard, Maurice, <i>The Early Tudor Country House: Architecture and Politics 1490–1550</i>, 1987, Hamlyn, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0540011193" title="Special:BookSources/0540011193">0540011193</a>, 978-0540011193</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Building_by_building">Building by building</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor_architecture&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Building by building"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Jenkins" title="Simon Jenkins">Jenkins, Simon</a>, <i>England's Thousand Best Churches</i>, 1999, Allen Lane, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7139-9281-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7139-9281-6">0-7139-9281-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Jenkins" title="Simon Jenkins">Jenkins, Simon</a>, <i>England's Thousand Best Houses</i>, 2003, Allen Lane, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7139-9596-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7139-9596-3">0-7139-9596-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Julius_Norwich" title="John Julius Norwich">John Julius Norwich</a>, <i>The Architecture of Southern England</i>, Macmillan, London, 1985, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0333220374" title="Special:BookSources/0333220374">0333220374</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tudor_architecture&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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href="/wiki/Template:Architecture_of_England" title="Template:Architecture of England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Architecture_of_England" title="Template talk:Architecture of England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Architecture_of_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Architecture of England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Architecture_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_England" title="Architecture of England">Architecture of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_architecture" title="Anglo-Saxon architecture">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxo-Norman#Architecture" title="Saxo-Norman">Saxo-Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_architecture" title="Norman architecture">Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Gothic_architecture" title="English Gothic architecture">English Gothic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tudor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabethan_architecture" title="Elizabethan architecture">Elizabethan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobean_architecture" title="Jacobean architecture">Jacobean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_style" title="Restoration style">Carolean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Baroque" class="mw-redirect" title="English Baroque">English Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne_style_architecture" title="Queen Anne style architecture">Queen Anne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strawberry_Hill_Gothic" class="mw-redirect" title="Strawberry Hill Gothic">Strawberry Hill Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobethan" title="Jacobethan">Jacobethan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwardian_architecture" title="Edwardian architecture">Edwardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Byzantine" title="Bristol Byzantine">Bristol Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutalist_architecture" title="Brutalist architecture">Brutalist</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Westminster Hall"><img alt="Westminster Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg/70px-Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg/105px-Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg/140px-Microcosm_of_London_Plate_094_-_Westminster_Hall_edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="860" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_England" title="Category:Buildings and structures in England">Buildings and<br />structures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_England" title="List of castles in England">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monastic_houses_in_England" title="List of monastic houses in England">Abbeys and priories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_medieval_cathedrals_of_England" title="Architecture of the medieval cathedrals of England">Medieval cathedrals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_cathedrals_in_Great_Britain" title="List of former cathedrals in Great Britain">Former cathedrals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round-tower_church" title="Round-tower church">Round-tower churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_villas_in_England" title="List of Roman villas in England">Roman villas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_country_houses_in_the_United_Kingdom#England" title="List of country houses in the United Kingdom">Historic houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_house" title="Hall house">Hall houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_Renaissance_theatres" title="List of English Renaissance theatres">Renaissance theatres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_England" title="Listed buildings in England">Listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_England" title="List of museums in England">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_church_monuments" title="English church monuments">Church monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Trust_properties_in_England" title="List of National Trust properties in England">National Trust properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_windmills_in_England" title="List of windmills in England">Windmills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_temples_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hindu temples in England">Hindu temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stadiums_in_England" title="List of stadiums in England">Stadiums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lighthouses_in_England" title="List of lighthouses in England">Lighthouses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_London" title="Architecture of London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Birmingham" title="Architecture of Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Liverpool" title="Architecture of Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Manchester" title="Architecture of Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buildings_and_architecture_of_Bath" title="Buildings and architecture of Bath">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buildings_and_architecture_of_Bristol" title="Buildings and architecture of Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buildings_and_architecture_of_Brighton_and_Hove" title="Buildings and architecture of Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerbeam_roof" title="Hammerbeam roof">Hammerbeam roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_vault" title="Fan vault">Fan vault</a></li> <li><a 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