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id="toc-Emerging_industries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emerging_industries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Emerging industries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emerging_industries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Civil War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_the_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_the_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 After the Civil War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_the_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_and_NASA_involvement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_and_NASA_involvement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Military and NASA involvement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_and_NASA_involvement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_Rights_Movement_to_modern_day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_Rights_Movement_to_modern_day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Civil Rights Movement to modern day </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_Rights_Movement_to_modern_day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2020_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 2020 census </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Arts and culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Arts and culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historic_districts_and_museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_districts_and_museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Historic districts and museums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_districts_and_museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Libraries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_arts_and_festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_arts_and_festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Visual arts and festivals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_arts_and_festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Performing arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breweries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breweries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Breweries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breweries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Parks and recreation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-K–12_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#K–12_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 K–12 education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-K–12_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Higher education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Media </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Media subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Newspapers_and_magazines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newspapers_and_magazines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Newspapers and magazines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newspapers_and_magazines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio,_television,_and_film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio,_television,_and_film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Radio, television, and film </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio,_television,_and_film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Infrastructure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Infrastructure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Ports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 Utilities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4 Public safety </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Notes and references </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notes and references subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.3 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Huntsville, Alabama</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 82 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" > 82 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Huntsville, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntanesfyll,_Alabama" title="Huntanesfyll, Alabama – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Huntanesfyll, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84_(%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7)" title="هنتسفيل (ألاباما) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هنتسفيل (ألاباما)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville (Alabama) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Huntsville (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantsvill_(Alabama)" title="Hantsvill (Alabama) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hantsvill (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%8C_%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="هانتسویل، آلاباما – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هانتسویل، آلاباما" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2,_%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE" title="হান্টসভিল, অ্যালাবামা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হান্টসভিল, অ্যালাবামা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB_(%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Хантсвіл (Алабама) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хантсвіл (Алабама)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Хънтсвил – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хънтсвил" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville (Alabama) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Huntsville (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville (Alabama) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Huntsville (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Huntsville, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville (Alabama) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Huntsville (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Huntsville, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville (Alabama) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Huntsville (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville (Alabama) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Huntsville (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville" title="Huntsville – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Huntsville" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BB_(%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B1)" title="Χάντσβιλ (Αλαμπάμα) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χάντσβιλ (Αλαμπάμα)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville (Alabama) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Huntsville (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabamo)" title="Huntsville (Alabamo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Huntsville (Alabamo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville (Alabama) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Huntsville (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%8C_%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="هانتسویل، آلاباما – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هانتسویل، آلاباما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville (Alabama) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Huntsville (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville (Alabama) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Huntsville (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Huntsville, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84_(%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7)" title="هانتسويل (آلاباما) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="هانتسويل (آلاباما)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BB" title="𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍄𐍃𐌱𐌹𐌻 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌷𐌰𐌽𐍄𐍃𐌱𐌹𐌻" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%8C%EC%B8%A0%EB%B9%8C_(%EC%95%A8%EB%9D%BC%EB%B0%B0%EB%A7%88%EC%A3%BC)" title="헌츠빌 (앨라배마주) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헌츠빌 (앨라배마주)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A9%D5%BD%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%AC_(%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1)" title="Հանթսվիլ (Ալաբամա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հանթսվիլ (Ալաբամա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Huntsville, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Huntsville, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Huntsville, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_(%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%C3%A6)" title="Хантсвилл (Алабамæ) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хантсвилл (Алабамæ)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville (Alabama) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Huntsville (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville (Alabama) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Huntsville (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C" title="האנטסוויל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האנטסוויל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ჰანსტვილი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰანსტვილი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Huntsville, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Huntsville, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville (Alabama) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Huntsville (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville (Alabama) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Huntsville (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantsvila" title="Hantsvila – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hantsvila" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantsvilis" title="Hantsvilis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hantsvilis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville (Alabama) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Huntsville (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB_(%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Хантсвил (Алабама) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хантсвил (Алабама)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Huntsville, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_(%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE)" title="हंट्सव्हिल (अलाबामा) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हंट्सव्हिल (अलाबामा)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84_(%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86)" title="هنتسفيل (ماديسون) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هنتسفيل (ماديسون)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84_(%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7)" title="هانتسویل (آلاباما) – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هانتسویل (آلاباما)" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville (Alabama) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Huntsville (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2,_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="हन्त्सभिल, अलाबामा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="हन्त्सभिल, अलाबामा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%84%E3%83%93%E3%83%AB" title="ハンツビル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハンツビル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_(%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Хантсвилл (Алабама) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хантсвилл (Алабама)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville (Alabama) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Huntsville (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_i_Alabama" title="Huntsville i Alabama – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Huntsville i Alabama" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville (Alabama) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Huntsville (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville (Alabama) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Huntsville (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville (Alabama) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Huntsville (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Huntsville, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_(%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Хантсвилл (Алабама) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хантсвилл (Алабама)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville (Alabama) – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Huntsville (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Huntsville, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville (Alabama) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Huntsville (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Huntsville, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville (Alabama) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Huntsville (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3%DA%A4%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="ھەنتسڤیل، ئەلاباما – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەنتسڤیل، ئەلاباما" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB_(%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Хантсвил (Алабама) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хантсвил (Алабама)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Huntsville, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville (Alabama) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Huntsville (Alabama)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Huntsville, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Huntsville, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Һантсвил – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һантсвил" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Huntsville, Alabama" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB_(%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Гантсвілл (Алабама) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гантсвілл (Алабама)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="ہنٹسویل، الاباما – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہنٹسویل، الاباما" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Huntsville,_Alabama&params=34_41_36_N_86_33_39_W_region:US-AL_type:city(215006)">34°41′36″N 86°33′39″W / 34.69333°N 86.56083°W / 34.69333; -86.56083</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in North Alabama, US</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Huntsville" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Huntsville (disambiguation)">Huntsville (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Alabama, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Huntsville</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="border:1;;height:77px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Huntsville,_Alabama_(2023).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Huntsville%2C_Alabama_%282023%29.jpg/288px-Huntsville%2C_Alabama_%282023%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Huntsville%2C_Alabama_%282023%29.jpg/432px-Huntsville%2C_Alabama_%282023%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Huntsville%2C_Alabama_%282023%29.jpg/576px-Huntsville%2C_Alabama_%282023%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3369" data-file-height="908" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center">Downtown Huntsville</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style="border:1;;height:100px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Huntsville_Art_Museum_-_front_fa%C3%A7ade_and_stairs_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Huntsville_Art_Museum_-_front_fa%C3%A7ade_and_stairs_2023.jpg/134px-Huntsville_Art_Museum_-_front_fa%C3%A7ade_and_stairs_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Huntsville_Art_Museum_-_front_fa%C3%A7ade_and_stairs_2023.jpg/201px-Huntsville_Art_Museum_-_front_fa%C3%A7ade_and_stairs_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Huntsville_Art_Museum_-_front_fa%C3%A7ade_and_stairs_2023.jpg/268px-Huntsville_Art_Museum_-_front_fa%C3%A7ade_and_stairs_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Huntsville_Museum_of_Art" title="Huntsville Museum of Art">Huntsville Museum of Art</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div style="border:1;;height:100px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:The_U.S._Space_%26_Rocket_Center,_Huntsville,_Alabama_LCCN2010639646.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/The_U.S._Space_%26_Rocket_Center%2C_Huntsville%2C_Alabama_LCCN2010639646.tif/lossy-page1-150px-The_U.S._Space_%26_Rocket_Center%2C_Huntsville%2C_Alabama_LCCN2010639646.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/The_U.S._Space_%26_Rocket_Center%2C_Huntsville%2C_Alabama_LCCN2010639646.tif/lossy-page1-225px-The_U.S._Space_%26_Rocket_Center%2C_Huntsville%2C_Alabama_LCCN2010639646.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/The_U.S._Space_%26_Rocket_Center%2C_Huntsville%2C_Alabama_LCCN2010639646.tif/lossy-page1-300px-The_U.S._Space_%26_Rocket_Center%2C_Huntsville%2C_Alabama_LCCN2010639646.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6144" data-file-height="4096" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/U.S._Space_%26_Rocket_Center" title="U.S. Space & Rocket Center">U.S. Space & Rocket Center</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:128px;max-width:128px"><div style="border:1;;height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Propst_Arena,_Huntsville_Alabama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Propst_Arena%2C_Huntsville_Alabama.jpg/126px-Propst_Arena%2C_Huntsville_Alabama.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Propst_Arena%2C_Huntsville_Alabama.jpg/189px-Propst_Arena%2C_Huntsville_Alabama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Propst_Arena%2C_Huntsville_Alabama.jpg/252px-Propst_Arena%2C_Huntsville_Alabama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Von_Braun_Center#Propst_Arena" title="Von Braun Center">Propst Arena</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:160px;max-width:160px"><div style="border:1;;height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Historic_building_on_the_square_in_Huntsville,_Alabama_LCCN2010639592.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Historic_building_on_the_square_in_Huntsville%2C_Alabama_LCCN2010639592.tif/lossy-page1-158px-Historic_building_on_the_square_in_Huntsville%2C_Alabama_LCCN2010639592.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Historic_building_on_the_square_in_Huntsville%2C_Alabama_LCCN2010639592.tif/lossy-page1-237px-Historic_building_on_the_square_in_Huntsville%2C_Alabama_LCCN2010639592.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Historic_building_on_the_square_in_Huntsville%2C_Alabama_LCCN2010639592.tif/lossy-page1-316px-Historic_building_on_the_square_in_Huntsville%2C_Alabama_LCCN2010639592.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4974" data-file-height="2993" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/First_National_Bank_(Huntsville,_Alabama)" title="First National Bank (Huntsville, Alabama)">First National Bank</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Huntsville,_AL_Seal.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Huntsville"><img alt="Official seal of Huntsville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/00/Huntsville%2C_AL_Seal.png/100px-Huntsville%2C_AL_Seal.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/00/Huntsville%2C_AL_Seal.png/150px-Huntsville%2C_AL_Seal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/00/Huntsville%2C_AL_Seal.png/200px-Huntsville%2C_AL_Seal.png 2x" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="216" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Huntsville,_AL_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Huntsville"><img alt="Official logo of Huntsville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ad/Huntsville%2C_AL_Logo.png/100px-Huntsville%2C_AL_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ad/Huntsville%2C_AL_Logo.png/150px-Huntsville%2C_AL_Logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ad/Huntsville%2C_AL_Logo.png/200px-Huntsville%2C_AL_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="150" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Logo</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Rocket City<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">"Star of Alabama"<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 290px; height: 290px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="290" data-zoom="9" data-lat="34.7136" data-lon="-86.5861" data-overlays="["_174b18c00e756436a3596012821d19977a156d2a"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/9/34.7136/-86.5861/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,34.7136,-86.5861,290x290.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Huntsville%2C_Alabama&revid=1258452910&groups=_174b18c00e756436a3596012821d19977a156d2a" width="290" height="290" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,9,34.7136,-86.5861,290x290@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Huntsville%2C_Alabama&revid=1258452910&groups=_174b18c00e756436a3596012821d19977a156d2a 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Interactive map of Huntsville</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:200px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:200px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:200px"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Alabama_relief_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huntsville is located in Alabama"><img alt="Huntsville is located in Alabama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/USA_Alabama_relief_location_map.svg/200px-USA_Alabama_relief_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/USA_Alabama_relief_location_map.svg/300px-USA_Alabama_relief_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/USA_Alabama_relief_location_map.svg/400px-USA_Alabama_relief_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="707" data-file-height="1125" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:9.56%;left:53.479%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Huntsville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Huntsville</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Alabama</div>Show map of Alabama</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:200px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:200px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:200px"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Huntsville is located in the United States"><img alt="Huntsville is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/200px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/300px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/400px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:61.965%;left:66.724%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Huntsville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Huntsville</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the United States</div>Show map of the United States</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Huntsville,_Alabama&params=34_41_36_N_86_33_39_W_region:US-AL_type:city(215006)">34°41′36″N 86°33′39″W / 34.69333°N 86.56083°W / 34.69333; -86.56083</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Alabama" title="List of counties in Alabama">Counties</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Alabama" title="Madison County, Alabama">Madison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limestone_County,_Alabama" title="Limestone County, Alabama">Limestone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morgan_County,_Alabama" title="Morgan County, Alabama">Morgan</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established (as Twickenham)</th><td class="infobox-data">December 23, 1809<a href="#cite_note-alabama-law-1823-twickenham-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Incorporated (town)</th><td class="infobox-data">December 9, 1811<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">Incorporated</a> (city)</th><td class="infobox-data">February 24, 1860<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/LeRoy_Pope" title="LeRoy Pope">LeRoy Pope</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data">John Hunt</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Huntsville,_Alabama" title="List of mayors of Huntsville, Alabama">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Battle" title="Tommy Battle">Tommy Battle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Councilmembers</th><td class="infobox-data">District 1 – Devyn S. Keith District 2 – David Little District 3 – Jennie Robinson District 4 – Bill Kling District 5 – John Meredith</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2023-8">[8]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">225.17 sq mi (583.19 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">223.63 sq mi (579.21 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">1.54 sq mi (3.98 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-gnis-9">[9]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">577 ft (176 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a>)<a href="#cite_note-2020_Census_(City)-10">[10]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">215,006</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2024)<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">241,114 <img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">100th</a> AL: <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Alabama" title="List of municipalities in Alabama">1st</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,006/sq mi (388.3/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">329,066 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">122nd</a>) 20,165 (Southeast)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,532.2/sq mi (591.6/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">514,465 (US: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">109th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">378/sq mi (145.9/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Huntsville-Decatur_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area">Combined</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">879,315 (US: <a href="/wiki/Combined_statistical_area" title="Combined statistical area">68th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Huntsville-Decatur_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area">Combined</a> density</th><td class="infobox-data">255.3/sq mi (98.57/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Huntsvillian</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%80%936" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC–6">UTC–6</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">Central (CST)</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%80%935" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC–5">UTC–5</a> (CDT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">35801–35816, 35824, 35893–35899</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_256_and_938" title="Area codes 256 and 938">256 and 938</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Information Processing Standard">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01-37000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td class="infobox-data">2404746<a href="#cite_note-gnis-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huntsvilleal.gov/">huntsvilleal.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Huntsville is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Alabama" title="List of municipalities in Alabama">most populous city</a> in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>. It is the county seat of <a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Alabama" title="Madison County, Alabama">Madison County</a> with portions extending into <a href="/wiki/Limestone_County,_Alabama" title="Limestone County, Alabama">Limestone County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morgan_County,_Alabama" title="Morgan County, Alabama">Morgan County</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> It is located in the <a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachian</a> region of <a href="/wiki/North_Alabama" title="North Alabama">northern Alabama</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-AnnexMorgan-14">[14]</a> south of the state of <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>. Huntsville was founded within the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Territory" title="Mississippi Territory">Mississippi Territory</a> in 1805 and became an incorporated town in 1811. When Alabama was admitted as a state in 1819, Huntsville was designated for a year as the first capital, before the state capitol was moved to more central settlements. The city developed across nearby hills north of the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_River" title="Tennessee River">Tennessee River</a>, adding textile mills in the late nineteenth century. Major growth in Huntsville took place in the decades following World War II. During the war, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S Army</a> established <a href="/wiki/Redstone_Arsenal" title="Redstone Arsenal">Redstone Arsenal</a> in the vicinity, with a chemical weapons plant and related facilities. After the war, additional research was conducted at Redstone Arsenal on <a href="/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket">rockets</a>, followed by adaptations for space exploration. NASA's <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Space_Flight_Center" title="Marshall Space Flight Center">Marshall Space Flight Center</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Aviation_and_Missile_Command" title="United States Army Aviation and Missile Command">United States Army Aviation and Missile Command</a>, and most recently the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI's</a> operational support headquarters, all were sited at Redstone Arsenal.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Trust_for_Historic_Preservation" title="National Trust for Historic Preservation">National Trust for Historic Preservation</a> included Huntsville in its "America's Dozen Distinctive Destinations for 2010" list.<a href="#cite_note-dist10-16">[16]</a> The population was 215,006 at the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>,<a href="#cite_note-2020_Census_(City)-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> and was estimated to be 221,933 in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2022-18">[18]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_metropolitan_area" title="Huntsville metropolitan area">Huntsville metropolitan area</a>'s population was 514,465 in 2022, making it the second most populous metropolitan area in the state after the Birmingham metropolitan area. The Huntsville metro area, which includes <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Alabama" title="Madison, Alabama">Madison city</a> and the separate Southeast Huntsville urban areas had a combined population of 349,231 people in 2020, which makes it the second largest in Alabama after <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hoover,_Alabama" title="Hoover, Alabama">Hoover</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Timeline of Huntsville, Alabama">Timeline of Huntsville, Alabama</a></div> The City of Huntsville was incorporated on November 25, 1811<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history">edit</a>]</div> Due to settlement pressures after the United States gained independence, this area had become largely empty of indigenous peoples by the turn of the 19th century. An Indian trader and boatman named Ditto established himself at a landing on the river prior to American settlement.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a> veteran <a href="/wiki/John_Hunt_(Alabama)" title="John Hunt (Alabama)">John Hunt</a> was a pioneer in 1805 on land around the <a href="/wiki/Big_Spring_Park_(Huntsville,_Alabama)" title="Big Spring Park (Huntsville, Alabama)">Big Spring</a>. The US negotiated an <a href="/wiki/Chickasaw#Treaties" title="Chickasaw">1805 treaty with the Chickasaw</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_treaties" title="Cherokee treaties">1806 treaty with the Cherokee</a> who ceded their claims to land to the federal government.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BigSpring.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/BigSpring.jpg/220px-BigSpring.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/BigSpring.jpg/330px-BigSpring.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/BigSpring.jpg/440px-BigSpring.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2032" data-file-height="1524" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Big_Spring_Park_(Huntsville,_Alabama)" title="Big Spring Park (Huntsville, Alabama)">Big Spring</a>, the center of the street plan in Twickenham (renamed "Huntsville" in 1812)</figcaption></figure> The area was subsequently purchased by <a href="/wiki/LeRoy_Pope" title="LeRoy Pope">LeRoy Pope</a>, who named it <a href="/wiki/Twickenham" title="Twickenham">Twickenham</a> after the home village of his distant kinsman <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope">Alexander Pope</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-22">[22]</a> Thomas Freeman and Pharoah Roach started government surveys in 1805.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Twickenham was carefully planned, with streets laid out in a northeast to southwest direction based on the flow of Big Spring. Given anti-British sentiment during this period after the Revolution and with tensions leading to the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, in 1811 the town name was changed to "Huntsville" to honor pioneer John Hunt.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Both John Hunt and LeRoy Pope were <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasons</a> and charter members of <a href="/wiki/Helion_Lodge" class="mw-redirect" title="Helion Lodge">Helion Lodge #1</a>, the oldest lodge in Alabama.<a href="#cite_note-helion-25">[25]</a> In 1811, Huntsville became the first incorporated town in what is now Alabama. However, the recognized "founding" year of the city is 1805, the year of John Hunt's arrival.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> David Wade settled in Huntsville in 1817. He built the David Wade House on the north side of what is now Bob Wade Lane (Robert B. Wade was David's grandson), just east of Mt. Lebanon Road.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emerging_industries">Emerging industries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Emerging industries">edit</a>]</div> Huntsville's initial growth was based on wealth generated by the sale of <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a> from <a href="/wiki/Plantation_complexes_in_the_Southern_United_States" title="Plantation complexes in the Southern United States">plantations</a>, for which there was international demand, and trade associated with <a href="/wiki/Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Railroad">railroad</a> industries. Many wealthy planters moved into the area from <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Carolinas" class="mw-redirect" title="The Carolinas">the Carolinas</a> to develop new cotton plantations.<a href="#cite_note-:10-28">[28]</a> The invention of the <a href="/wiki/Cotton_gin" title="Cotton gin">cotton gin</a> in the late eighteenth century meant that uplands areas could be profitably cultivated with short-staple cotton, which could be grown in a much larger area than the long-staple cotton of the Sea Islands and Low Country. The increased use of cotton meant an increased use of <a href="/wiki/Slave_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave labor">slave labor</a> throughout the South as well.<a href="#cite_note-:11-29">[29]</a> Like <a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_Alabama" title="History of slavery in Alabama">the rest of Alabama</a>, Huntsville was involved in the <a href="/wiki/Slave_trade_in_the_United_States" title="Slave trade in the United States">slave trade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:9-30">[30]</a> Slaves worked in factories and on cotton plantations.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Many cotton mills in the area relied on slave labor, most notably the Bell Factory, where slaves ran textile machinery. The factory was known throughout Alabama for its high levels of production.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-28">[28]</a> Cotton mills grew Huntsville and the South's economies greatly, becoming 60% of all U.S. exports and connecting Huntsville to major cotton markets in Nashville, Memphis, and New Orleans.<a href="#cite_note-:10-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-:11-29">[29]</a> An 1822 census showed that out of the 1,300 inhabitants of Huntsville, 448 were slaves, making up 36% of the city's population.<a href="#cite_note-:9-30">[30]</a> In 1819, Huntsville hosted a constitutional convention in Walker Allen's large cabinet-making shop. The 44 delegates wrote a constitution for the new state of Alabama. In accordance with the new state constitution, Huntsville became Alabama's first capital when the state was admitted to the Union. This was a temporary designation for one legislative session only. The capital was moved to more central cities in the state; to <a href="/wiki/Cahaba,_Alabama" title="Cahaba, Alabama">Cahaba</a>, then to <a href="/wiki/Tuscaloosa,_Alabama" title="Tuscaloosa, Alabama">Tuscaloosa</a>, and finally to <a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In 1855, the <a href="/wiki/Memphis_and_Charleston_Railroad" title="Memphis and Charleston Railroad">Memphis and Charleston Railroad</a> was constructed through Huntsville, becoming the first railway to link the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">Atlantic seacoast</a> with the lower <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_War">Civil War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Civil War">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Huntsville_Alabama_1862.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Huntsville_Alabama_1862.jpg/330px-Huntsville_Alabama_1862.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Huntsville_Alabama_1862.jpg/495px-Huntsville_Alabama_1862.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Huntsville_Alabama_1862.jpg/660px-Huntsville_Alabama_1862.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="932" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> officer of <a href="/wiki/Ormsby_M._Mitchel" title="Ormsby M. Mitchel">General Mitchell</a>'s army sketched Huntsville during the 1862 occupation</figcaption></figure> Huntsville initially opposed <a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">secession</a> from the Union in 1861, but provided many men for the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy's</a> efforts.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The 4th Alabama Infantry Regiment, led by Col. Egbert J. Jones of Huntsville, distinguished itself at the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Bull_Run" title="First Battle of Bull Run">Battle of Manassas/Bull Run</a>, the first major encounter of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. The regiment, which contained two Huntsville companies, were the first Alabama troops to fight in the war. They were also present when General <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a> surrendered to <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Grant</a> at <a href="/wiki/Old_Appomattox_Court_House" title="Old Appomattox Court House">Appomattox Court House</a> in April 1865. Nine generals of the war were born in or near Huntsville; five fought for the Confederacy and four for the Union.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Other Huntsville residents joined the Union Army and helped establish the Union Army's <a href="/wiki/1st_Alabama_Cavalry_Regiment_(Union)" title="1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment (Union)">1st Alabama Cavalry Regiment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> On the morning of April 11, 1862, Union troops led by General Ormsby M. Mitchel seized Huntsville in order to sever the Confederacy's rail communications and gain access to the <a href="/wiki/Memphis_%26_Charleston_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Memphis & Charleston Railroad">Memphis & Charleston Railroad</a>. Huntsville was the headquarters for the Eastern Division of the Memphis & Charleston.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> During the first occupation, Union officers took over many of the larger homes in the city while the enlisted soldiers camped in tents mainly on the outskirts. Union troops searched for Confederate troops hiding in the town and weapons. There was not much resistance, and they treated Huntsville residents in a relatively civil manner. However, residents of nearby towns reported harsher treatment.<a href="#cite_note-:2-39">[39]</a> Union troops were forced to retreat a few months later. In the fall of 1863, they returned to Huntsville, using it as a base of operations for the war in the South until the last months of 1864. According to the journal of a nearby resident, Union troops burned many homes and villages in the surrounding countryside in retaliation for the active <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a> in the area. Many houses and buildings were burned,<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> although most of Huntsville was kept intact as it housed both Union officers and troops.<a href="#cite_note-:2-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_the_Civil_War">After the Civil War</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: After the Civil War">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Child_workers_in_Huntsville,_Alabama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Child_workers_in_Huntsville%2C_Alabama.jpg/220px-Child_workers_in_Huntsville%2C_Alabama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Child_workers_in_Huntsville%2C_Alabama.jpg/330px-Child_workers_in_Huntsville%2C_Alabama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Child_workers_in_Huntsville%2C_Alabama.jpg/440px-Child_workers_in_Huntsville%2C_Alabama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">Child workers</a> at Merrimac Mills in Huntsville, November 1910, photograph by <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Hine" title="Lewis Hine">Lewis Hine</a> </figcaption></figure> During the <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a>, three delegates from Huntsville attended the 1867 Constitutional Convention including <a href="/wiki/Andrew_J._Applegate" title="Andrew J. Applegate">Andrew J. Applegate</a>, originally from Ohio, who went on to serve as Alabama's first Lieutenant Governor.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Councill Training School, which eventually became <a href="/wiki/William_Hooper_Councill_High_School" title="William Hooper Councill High School">William Hooper Councill High School</a>, was established as the first public school for African American students. It was named for educator and school founder <a href="/wiki/William_Hooper_Councill" title="William Hooper Councill">William Hooper Councill</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Huntsville became a center for cotton <a href="/wiki/Textile_mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Textile mill">textile mills</a>, such as Lincoln, <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Mill" title="Dallas Mill">Dallas</a>, and Merrimack. Each mill company constructed worker housing outside the city, creating communities that eventually included schools, churches, grocery stores, theaters, and hardware stores, all within walking distance of the mill. In many such company towns, workers were required to buy goods at the company stores, which sometimes overcharged them. The mill owners also established rules for behavior and could throw out workers from housing if they violated these policies. As was common for the time, work was highly segregated with only whites being allowed to work inside the mills and Blacks relegated to working outside as laborers and groundskeepers.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> During the 1930s, industry declined in Huntsville due to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>. Huntsville became known as the <a href="/wiki/Watercress" title="Watercress">Watercress</a> Capital of the World because of its abundant harvest in the area. Madison County led Alabama in cotton production during this time.<a href="#cite_note-MSFC-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_and_NASA_involvement">Military and NASA involvement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Military and NASA involvement">edit</a>]</div> By 1940, Huntsville was still relatively small, with a population of about 13,000 inhabitants. This quickly changed in early 1941 when the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army">U.S. Army</a> selected 35,000 acres (140 km2) of land adjoining the southwest area of the city for building three <a href="/wiki/Chemical_munitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical munitions">chemical munitions</a> facilities: the <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_Arsenal" class="mw-redirect" title="Huntsville Arsenal">Huntsville Arsenal</a>, the Redstone Ordnance Plant (soon redesignated Redstone Arsenal), and the Gulf Chemical Warfare Depot. These operated throughout <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, with combined personnel approaching 20,000. Resources in the area were strained as new workers flocked to the area, and the construction of housing could not keep up.<a href="#cite_note-:3-45">[45]</a> At the end of the war in 1945, the munitions facilities were no longer needed. They were combined with the designation Redstone Arsenal (RSA), and a considerable political and business effort was made in attempts to attract new tenants. One significant start involved manufacturing the <a href="/wiki/Keller_(automobile)" title="Keller (automobile)">Keller automobile</a>, but this closed after 18 vehicles were built. With the encouragement of US Senator <a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">John Sparkman</a> (D-AL), the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Air Force">U.S. Army Air Force</a> considered this for a major testing facility, but selected another site. Redstone Arsenal was prepared for disposal, but Sparkman used his considerable Southern Democratic influence (the <a href="/wiki/Solid_South" title="Solid South">Solid South</a> controlled numerous powerful chairmanships of congressional committees) to persuade the Army to choose it as a site for rocket and missile development.<a href="#cite_note-:3-45">[45]</a> As the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> started, the Ordnance Guided Missile Center (OGMC) was given the mission to develop what eventually became the <a href="/wiki/PGM-11_Redstone" title="PGM-11 Redstone">Redstone Rocket</a>. This rocket set the stage for the <a href="/wiki/United_States%27_space_program" class="mw-redirect" title="United States' space program">United States' space program</a>, as well as major Army missile programs, to be centered in Huntsville. Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Holger_Toftoy" title="Holger Toftoy">Holger Toftoy</a> commanded OGMC and the overall Redstone Arsenal. In early 1956, the <a href="/wiki/Army_Ballistic_Missile_Agency" title="Army Ballistic Missile Agency">Army Ballistic Missile Agency</a> (ABMA) under Major General <a href="/wiki/John_Bruce_Medaris" title="John Bruce Medaris">John Medaris</a> was formed.<a href="#cite_note-:3-45">[45]</a> In 1950, about 1,000 personnel were transferred from <a href="/wiki/Fort_Bliss" title="Fort Bliss">Fort Bliss</a>, Texas, to Redstone Arsenal to form the Ordnance Guided Missile Center (OGMC). Central to this was a group of about 200 German scientists and engineers, led by <a href="/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun" title="Wernher von Braun">Wernher von Braun</a>; they had been brought from <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> to the United States by Colonel Holger Toftoy under <a href="/wiki/Operation_Paperclip" title="Operation Paperclip">Operation Paperclip</a> following World War II. Assigned to the center at Huntsville, they settled and raised families.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USSRC_Rocket_Park.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/USSRC_Rocket_Park.JPG/220px-USSRC_Rocket_Park.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/USSRC_Rocket_Park.JPG/330px-USSRC_Rocket_Park.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/USSRC_Rocket_Park.JPG/440px-USSRC_Rocket_Park.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Historic rockets in <a href="/wiki/Rocket_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocket Park">Rocket Park</a> of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Space_%26_Rocket_Center" title="U.S. Space & Rocket Center">U.S. Space & Rocket Center</a>, Huntsville, Alabama</figcaption></figure> The city is nicknamed "The Rocket City" for its close association with U.S. space missions.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> On January 31, 1958, ABMA placed America's first satellite, <a href="/wiki/Explorer_1" title="Explorer 1">Explorer 1</a>, into orbit using a <a href="/wiki/Jupiter-C" title="Jupiter-C">Jupiter-C</a> launch vehicle, a descendant of the Redstone. This brought national attention to Redstone Arsenal and Huntsville, with widespread recognition of this being a major center for high technology.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> On July 1, 1960, 4,670 civilian employees, associated buildings and equipment, and 1,840 acres (7.4 km2) of land were transferred from ABMA to form <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall_Space_Flight_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="George C. Marshall Space Flight Center">George C. Marshall Space Flight Center</a> (MSFC). Wernher von Braun was MSFC's initial director. On September 8, President <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> formally dedicated the MSFC.<a href="#cite_note-:4-49">[49]</a> During the 1960s, the major mission of MSFC was in developing the <a href="/wiki/Saturn_(rocket_family)" title="Saturn (rocket family)">Saturn boosters</a> used by NASA in the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo Lunar Landing Program</a>. For this, MSFC greatly increased its employees, and many new companies joined the Huntsville industrial community. The <a href="/wiki/Cummings_Research_Park" title="Cummings Research Park">Cummings Research Park</a> was developed just north of Redstone Arsenal to partially accommodate this industrial growth, and has now become the second-largest research park of this type in America.<a href="#cite_note-:4-49">[49]</a> Huntsville was selected as the permanent home of the United States <a href="/wiki/Space_Operations_Command" title="Space Operations Command">Space Operations Command</a> in 2020, but in 2023 the Pentagon announced that the temporary headquarters would be expanded and remain in Colorado.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_Rights_Movement_to_modern_day">Civil Rights Movement to modern day</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Civil Rights Movement to modern day">edit</a>]</div> Huntsville was a key location in the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">Civil Rights Movement</a>. In 1962, students from <a href="/wiki/Alabama_A%26M_University" title="Alabama A&M University">Alabama A&M University</a> held the city's first lunch counter <a href="/wiki/Sit-in_movement" title="Sit-in movement">sit-in</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisk201966-51">[51]</a> After the mayor refused to address the protests, the Community Service Committee (CSC) was formed to help organize sit-ins and protests, as well as <a href="/wiki/Bail" title="Bail">bail out</a> arrested protestors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisk201967-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-53">[53]</a> In April 1962, a committee was formed by the city to "address the concerns of the African American community,"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisk201977-54">[54]</a> and eight lunch counters, as well as a number of other public spaces, were desegregated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisk201977-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-53">[53]</a> On May 11, 1962, Huntsville became the first city in Alabama to be racially integrated.<a href="#cite_note-:6-53">[53]</a> In June 1963, the admission of two Black students to the University of Alabama in Huntsville was challenged by <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Alabama">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a>. Wallace pushed back the registration dates for multiple state universities (presumably to allow more time for <a href="/wiki/State_troopers" class="mw-redirect" title="State troopers">state troopers</a> to move into the area) but instead moved them to <a href="/wiki/Tuscaloosa,_Alabama" title="Tuscaloosa, Alabama">Tuscaloosa</a>. The students were admitted without issues. Around the same time, the <a href="/wiki/Color_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Color barrier">color barrier</a> was broken further when the first white person enrolled at Alabama A&M University.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisk201979–80-55">[55]</a> In August 1963, a court ruling determined that Huntsville must desegregate their schools. Wallace used state troopers to stop four students from entering the first desegregated school. On September 6, the troopers announced that the desegregated schools were closed for three more days, but the Board of Education issued a statement denying the closure.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisk201980–82-56">[56]</a> When the schools opened on September 9, Wallace was served a restraining order against further interference with the desegregation of Huntsville schools.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisk201985-57">[57]</a> Huntsville became the first city in Alabama to desegregate its schools as well.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Alabama's opposition to desegregation at this time caused concern from the NASA Administrator <a href="/wiki/James_E._Webb" title="James E. Webb">James E. Webb</a>, who investigated equal employment opportunities for Black people in Huntsville. After failing to attract high-level staff to Huntsville, Webb said that "some research work would have to be switched from Huntsville to New Orleans". This investigation into employment caused MSFC to open their engineering education programs to Black students at Alabama A&M and <a href="/wiki/Oakwood_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakwood College">Oakwood College</a>, as well as for local contractors to "work for progress in race relations".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisk201986–87-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> The emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>, and a wide variety of advanced research in space sciences led to a resurgence in NASA-related activities that has continued into the 21st century.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> In addition, new Army organizations have emerged at Redstone Arsenal, particularly in the ever-expanding field of <a href="/wiki/Missile_defense" title="Missile defense">missile defense</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_metropolitan_area" title="Huntsville metropolitan area">Huntsville metropolitan area</a></div> This city is located at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Huntsville,_Alabama&params=32_31_03_N_87_50_11_W_type:city">32°31′03″N 87°50′11″W / 32.51750°N 87.83639°W / 32.51750; -87.83639</a> (34.6934098, -86.5607619). According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, the city has a total area of 225.17 square miles (583.2 km2), of which 223.63 square miles (579.2 km2) is land and 1.54 square miles (4.0 km2), is water as of 2023.<a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2023-8">[8]</a> According to the City of Huntsville Statistics, the city has a total area of 226.62 square miles (586.9 km2), of which 225.09 square miles (583.0 km2) is land and 1.54 square miles (4.0 km2), is water as of 2024.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Huntsville has grown through recent annexations west into Limestone County by 21.5 square miles (56 km2) (13,885 acres, 5,619 ha) in the early 2000s,<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> and south into <a href="/wiki/Morgan_County,_Alabama" title="Morgan County, Alabama">Morgan County</a> with 1.03 square miles (2.67 km2) (659.1 acres, 266.73 ha) in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-AnnexMorgan-14">[14]</a> Huntsville borders <a href="/wiki/Marshall_County,_Alabama" title="Marshall County, Alabama">Marshall County</a> across the Tennessee River near <a href="/wiki/Hobbs_Island,_Alabama" title="Hobbs Island, Alabama">Hobbs Island</a>. Huntsville has the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">29th</a> largest land area in the United States, for cities with a population over 100,000. Huntsville has borders surrounding both the cities of <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Alabama" title="Madison, Alabama">Madison</a> and <a href="/wiki/Triana,_Alabama" title="Triana, Alabama">Triana</a>. Huntsville also borders the cities of <a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Alabama" title="Decatur, Alabama">Decatur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athens,_Alabama" title="Athens, Alabama">Athens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Owens_Cross_Roads,_Alabama" title="Owens Cross Roads, Alabama">Owens Cross Roads</a>, the town of <a href="/wiki/Mooresville,_Alabama" title="Mooresville, Alabama">Mooresville</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">census-designated places</a> of <a href="/wiki/Moores_Mill,_Alabama" title="Moores Mill, Alabama">Moores Mill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meridianville,_Alabama" title="Meridianville, Alabama">Meridianville</a>, Laceys Spring, and <a href="/wiki/Redstone_Arsenal" title="Redstone Arsenal">Redstone Arsenal</a>. Situated in the Tennessee River valley, Huntsville is partially surrounded by several <a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">plateaus</a> and large hills. These plateaus are associated with the <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Plateau" title="Cumberland Plateau">Cumberland Plateau</a>, and are locally called "mountains". <a href="/wiki/Monte_Sano_Mountain" title="Monte Sano Mountain">Monte Sano Mountain</a> (Spanish for "Mountain of Health") is the most notable and is east of the city, along with Round Top (Burritt), Chapman, Huntsville, and Green mountains.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Others are Wade Mountain to the north, Rainbow Mountain to the west, and Weeden and Madkin mountains on the <a href="/wiki/Redstone_Arsenal" title="Redstone Arsenal">Redstone Arsenal</a> property in the south. <a href="/wiki/Brindley_Mountain" title="Brindley Mountain">Brindley Mountain</a> is visible in the south across the Tennessee River.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> As with other areas along the Cumberland Plateau, the land around Huntsville is <a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">karst</a> in nature. The city was founded around the Big Spring, which is a typical karst spring. Many <a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">caves</a> perforate the <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> bedrock underneath the surface, as is common in karst areas. The <a href="/wiki/National_Speleological_Society" title="National Speleological Society">National Speleological Society</a> is headquartered in Huntsville.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> Huntsville has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> Cfa). It experiences hot, humid summers and generally mild winters, with average high temperatures ranging from near 90 °F (32.2 °C) in the summer to 49 °F (9.4 °C) during winter.<a href="#cite_note-:5-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Huntsville is near the center of a large area of the U.S. mid-South that has maximum precipitation in the winter and spring, not summer. The average yearly precipitation is more than 54 inches. On average, the wettest single month is December, but Huntsville has a prolonged wetter season from November to May with, on average, nearly or over 5 or more inches of precipitation most of those months. On average, August to October represent slightly drier months (see climate chart, showing less than 3.6 inches of precipitation these months). Droughts can occur, primarily August through October, but usually there is enough rainfall to keep soils moist and vegetation lush. Much of Huntsville's precipitation is delivered by <a href="/wiki/Thunderstorm" title="Thunderstorm">thunderstorms</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-68">[68]</a> Thunderstorms are most frequent during the spring, and the most severe storms occur during the spring and late fall.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> These storms can deliver large <a href="/wiki/Hail" title="Hail">hail</a>, damaging straight-line winds, and <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornadoes</a>. Huntsville lies in a region colloquially known as <a href="/wiki/Dixie_Alley" title="Dixie Alley">Dixie Alley</a>, an area more prone to violent, long-track tornadoes than most other parts of the US.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dixie_Alley-72">[72]</a> On April 27, 2011, the largest tornado outbreak on record, the <a href="/wiki/2011_Super_Outbreak" title="2011 Super Outbreak">2011 Super Outbreak</a>, affected northern Alabama. During this event, <a href="/wiki/2011_Hackleburg%E2%80%93Phil_Campbell_tornado" title="2011 Hackleburg–Phil Campbell tornado">an EF5 tornado</a> that tracked near the <a href="/wiki/Browns_Ferry_Nuclear_Power_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Plant">Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Plant</a> destroyed many transmission towers and caused a multi-day power outage for the majority of North Alabama. That same tornado also resulted in considerable damage to the Anderson Hills subdivision and in <a href="/wiki/Harvest,_Alabama" title="Harvest, Alabama">Harvest, Alabama</a>. In total, nine people were killed in Madison County, and many others were injured.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Other significant tornado events include the <a href="/wiki/1974_Super_Outbreak" title="1974 Super Outbreak">Super Outbreak in April 1974</a>, the <a href="/wiki/November_1989_tornado_outbreak#Huntsville,_Alabama" title="November 1989 tornado outbreak">November 1989 tornado</a> that killed 21 and injured over 460, and the <a href="/wiki/1995_Anderson_Hills_tornado" title="1995 Anderson Hills tornado">1995 Anderson Hills tornado</a> that killed one person and caused extensive damage.<a href="#cite_note-tn740326-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-td040403-75">[75]</a> On January 21, 2010, an EF2 tornado struck Huntsville, resulting in moderate damage. Because it was not rain-wrapped and was easily photographed, it received extensive media coverage.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> While most winters have some measurable snow, heavy snow is rare in Huntsville.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> However, there have been some unusually heavy snowstorms, like the New Year's Eve 1963 snowstorm, when 17 in (43 cm) fell within 24 hours. Likewise, the <a href="/wiki/Blizzard_of_1993" class="mw-redirect" title="Blizzard of 1993">Blizzard of 1993</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Groundhog_Day" title="Groundhog Day">Groundhog Day</a> snowstorm in February 1996 were substantial winter events for Huntsville. On Christmas Day 2010, Huntsville recorded over 4 inches (10 cm) of snow, and on January 9–10, 2011 it received 8.9 inches (23 cm) at the airport and up to 10 inches (25 cm) in the suburbs.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Huntsville, Alabama (<a href="/wiki/Huntsville_International_Airport" title="Huntsville International Airport">Huntsville International Airport</a>), 1991–2020 normals,<a href="#cite_note-79">[a]</a> extremes 1907–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82 (28) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83 (28) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90 (32) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95 (35) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99 (37) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">108 (42) </td> <td style="background: #DC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">111 (44) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">108 (42) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">108 (42) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">100 (38) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88 (31) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81 (27) </td> <td style="background: #DC0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">111 (44) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.3 (20.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.6 (23.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.7 (27.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.0 (30.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.2 (32.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.6 (35.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97.2 (36.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97.3 (36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.1 (34.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.1 (30.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.6 (25.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.9 (21.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">99.2 (37.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.3 (11.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.1 (13.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.5 (18.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.8 (23.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.5 (28.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.1 (31.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.5 (33.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.3 (32.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.5 (30.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.0 (24.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.9 (17.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.0 (12.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">73.8 (23.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.7 (5.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.7 (8.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.2 (12.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.9 (17.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.3 (21.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.6 (25.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.3 (27.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.5 (26.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.9 (23.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.9 (17.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.5 (11.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.5 (7.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">62.9 (17.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1 (0.6) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.4 (2.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.0 (6.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.0 (10.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.2 (15.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.0 (20.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.1 (21.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.7 (20.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.4 (17.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.8 (11.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.2 (5.1) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.9 (2.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">52.1 (11.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9 (−10.1) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8 (−7.3) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7 (−4.1) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2 (1.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.0 (7.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.7 (13.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.8 (17.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.2 (15.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.0 (8.9) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.3 (1.3) </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5 (−4.2) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0 (−6.7) </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.7 (−11.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−11 (−24) </td> <td style="background: #6F6FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8 (−22) </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 (−14) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24 (−4) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42 (6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 (9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 (10) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 (3) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23 (−5) </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 (−17) </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3 (−19) </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−11 (−24) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #41FF41; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.99 (127) </td> <td style="background: #2AFF2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.11 (130) </td> <td style="background: #32FF32; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.39 (137) </td> <td style="background: #41FF41; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.86 (123) </td> <td style="background: #4DFF4D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.67 (119) </td> <td style="background: #60FF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.06 (103) </td> <td style="background: #55FF55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.49 (114) </td> <td style="background: #78FF78; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.55 (90) </td> <td style="background: #75FF75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.49 (89) </td> <td style="background: #78FF78; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.56 (90) </td> <td style="background: #58FF58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.25 (108) </td> <td style="background: #20FF20; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.87 (149) </td> <td style="background: #50FF50; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">54.29 (1,379) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 (1.8) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 (2.5) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 (1.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 (0.51) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2.4 (6.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) </th> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.3 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">117.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) </th> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000F7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.5 </td> <td style="background: #0505FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.3 </td> <td style="background: #0D0DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000F0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000E3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000E3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000F1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000E9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000F1; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">70.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a><a href="#cite_note-NCDC-80">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-NCDC_KHSV_txt-81">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a> (relative humidity 1961–1990)<a href="#cite_note-WMOCLINO-83">[82]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Note</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_census" title="1840 United States census">1840</a></th><td>2,496</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>2,863</td><td></td><td>14.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>3,634</td><td></td><td>26.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>4,907</td><td></td><td>35.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>4,977</td><td></td><td>1.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>7,995</td><td></td><td>60.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>8,068</td><td></td><td>0.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>7,611</td><td></td><td>−5.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>8,018</td><td></td><td>5.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>11,554</td><td></td><td>44.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>13,050</td><td></td><td>12.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>16,437</td><td></td><td>26.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>72,365</td><td></td><td>340.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>139,282</td><td></td><td>92.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>142,513</td><td></td><td>2.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>159,789</td><td></td><td>12.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>158,216</td><td></td><td>−1.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>180,105</td><td></td><td>13.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>215,006</td><td></td><td>19.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">225,564</td><td><a href="#cite_note-USCensusEst2022-18">[18]</a></td><td>4.9%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center">U.S. Decennial Census<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> 2020 Census<a href="#cite_note-2020_Census_(City)-10">[10]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_census">2020 census</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2020 census">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Huntsville, Alabama – Racial and ethnic composition <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) </th> <th>Pop 2000<a href="#cite_note-2000CensusP004-85">[84]</a> </th> <th>Pop 2010<a href="#cite_note-2010CensusP2-86">[85]</a> </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Pop 2020<a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2-87">[86]</a> </th> <th>% 2000 </th> <th>% 2010 </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">% 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>100,333 </td> <td>104,516 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">118,616 </td> <td>63.42% </td> <td>58.03% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">55.17% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans">Black or African American</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>47,453 </td> <td>55,615 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">62,360 </td> <td>29.99% </td> <td>30.88% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">29.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>830 </td> <td>940 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">854 </td> <td>0.52% </td> <td>0.52% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.40% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>3,499 </td> <td>4,287 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">5,399 </td> <td>2.21% </td> <td>2.38% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">2.51% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>79 </td> <td>194 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">265 </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td>0.11% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.12% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Some Other Race</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>173 </td> <td>260 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">878 </td> <td>0.11% </td> <td>0.14% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.41% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Mixed Race/Multi-Racial</a> (NH) </td> <td>2,624 </td> <td>3,781 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">9,965 </td> <td>1.66% </td> <td>2.10% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">4.63% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race) </td> <td>3,225 </td> <td>10,512 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">16,669 </td> <td>2.04% </td> <td>5.84% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">7.75% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total </td> <td>158,216 </td> <td>180,105 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">215,006 </td> <td>100.00% </td> <td>100.00% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">100.00% </td></tr></tbody></table> As of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a>, there were 215,006 people, 92,074 households, and 52,924 families residing in the city.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a> was 985.7 inhabitants per square mile (380.6/km2) There were 100,391 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 55.17% White, 29.0% Black or African American, 0.40% Native American, 2.51% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, and 4.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 7.75% of the population. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> Huntsville's main economic influence is derived from aerospace and military technology.<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a> Redstone Arsenal, Cummings Research Park (CRP), Jetplex Industrial Park, and NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center comprise the main hubs for the area's technology-driven economy. CRP is the second largest research park in the United States and the fourth largest in the world. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alabama_in_Huntsville" title="University of Alabama in Huntsville">University of Alabama in Huntsville</a> is a center for technology and engineering research in the area. There are commercial technology companies such as the network access company <a href="/wiki/ADTRAN" class="mw-redirect" title="ADTRAN">ADTRAN</a>, computer graphics company <a href="/wiki/Intergraph" title="Intergraph">Intergraph</a> and designer and manufacturer of IT infrastructure <a href="/wiki/Avocent" title="Avocent">Avocent</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cinram" title="Cinram">Cinram</a> manufactures and distributes <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> DVDs and <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a> discs out of their Huntsville plant. <a href="/wiki/Sanmina-SCI" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanmina-SCI">Sanmina-SCI</a> has a presence in the area. A number of <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> companies have operations in Huntsville.<a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a> There are several strip malls and <a href="/wiki/Shopping_mall" title="Shopping mall">shopping malls</a> throughout the city. Huntsville has one enclosed mall, <a href="/wiki/Parkway_Place" title="Parkway Place">Parkway Place</a>, built in 2002 on the site of the former Parkway City Mall.<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> A larger mall built in 1984, <a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_Mall" class="mw-redirect" title="Madison Square Mall">Madison Square Mall</a>, was closed in 2017 and the site is being redeveloped into the Mid City lifestyle center.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> An additional lifestyle center, <a href="/wiki/Bridge_Street_Town_Centre" title="Bridge Street Town Centre">Bridge Street Town Centre</a>, was completed in 2007, in Cummings Research Park.<a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> Huntsville is a key city in rocket-propulsion research for NASA and various organizations run by the Army.<a href="#cite_note-:12-95">[94]</a> The Marshall Space Flight Center has been designated to develop NASA's <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System</a> (SLS),<a href="#cite_note-:12-95">[94]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Aviation_and_Missile_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command">U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command</a> (AMCOM) is responsible for developing a variety of rocket-based tactical weapons.<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Motor_Manufacturing_Alabama" title="Toyota Motor Manufacturing Alabama">Toyota Motor Manufacturing Alabama</a> was constructed in 2003 and is located in North Huntsville Industrial Park. The plant has 1,800 employees as of 2022. The plant manufactures engines for Toyota vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> <a href="/wiki/Navistar" class="mw-redirect" title="Navistar">Navistar</a> Huntsville Powertrain Manufacturing Plant was opened in 2008 and provides powertrain components to Navistar's vehicle assembly plants in Springfield, Ohio and Escobedo, Mexico. The plant is located north of Huntsville International Airport.<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mazda_Toyota_Manufacturing_USA" title="Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA">Mazda Toyota Manufacturing USA</a> was constructed in 2021 with a plan to hire 4,000 employees.<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> The facility produces Toyota and Mazda <a href="/wiki/SUV" title="SUV">SUVs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pickup_truck" title="Pickup truck">pickup trucks</a>. The majority of the plant is located in Huntsville; however, the southern third is located in the unincorporated community of <a href="/wiki/Greenbrier,_Alabama" title="Greenbrier, Alabama">Greenbrier</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> More than 25 biotechnology firms have developed in Huntsville due to the Huntsville Biotech Initiative.<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> The HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology is part of the 4,000 acres (1,600 ha) Cummings Research Park. The non-profit HudsonAlpha Institute has contributed <a href="/wiki/Genomics" title="Genomics">genomics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a> work to the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (<a href="/wiki/ENCODE" title="ENCODE">ENCODE</a>).<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> For-profit business ventures within the Biotech Campus focus on subjects such as diagnosing disease, immune responses to cancer, <a href="/wiki/Protein_crystallization" title="Protein crystallization">protein crystallization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lab-on-a-chip" title="Lab-on-a-chip">lab-on-a-chip</a> technologies, and agricultural technologies.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> The University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) created a doctoral program in biotechnology to help develop scientists to support HudsonAlpha in addition to the emerging biotechnology economy in Huntsville.<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> In 2018, <a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta</a> broke ground on a $1.5 billion <a href="/wiki/Data_center" title="Data center">data center</a> in North Huntsville Industrial Park, and was opened in 2021. In June 2022, they announced they would be expanding the facility to seven buildings across a 3.5 million square foot area, but paused construction in December. The company advertised that the facility runs on 100% renewable energy and provides 300+ jobs to the community.<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_and_culture">Arts and culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Arts and culture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SpaceShuttleAtSpaceCamp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/SpaceShuttleAtSpaceCamp.jpg/220px-SpaceShuttleAtSpaceCamp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/SpaceShuttleAtSpaceCamp.jpg/330px-SpaceShuttleAtSpaceCamp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/SpaceShuttleAtSpaceCamp.jpg/440px-SpaceShuttleAtSpaceCamp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Pathfinder" title="Space Shuttle Pathfinder">Space Shuttle Pathfinder</a> at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_%26_Rocket_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Space & Rocket Center">United States Space & Rocket Center</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EarlyWorks_Children%27s_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/EarlyWorks_Children%27s_Museum.jpg/220px-EarlyWorks_Children%27s_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/EarlyWorks_Children%27s_Museum.jpg/330px-EarlyWorks_Children%27s_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/EarlyWorks_Children%27s_Museum.jpg/440px-EarlyWorks_Children%27s_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>EarlyWorks Children's Museum</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_districts_and_museums">Historic districts and museums</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Historic districts and museums">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Twickenham_Historic_District" title="Twickenham Historic District">Twickenham Historic District</a> was chosen as the name of the first of three of the city's historic districts. It features homes in the Federal and Greek Revival architectural styles introduced to the city by Virginia-born architect <a href="/wiki/George_Steele_(architect)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Steele (architect)">George Steele</a> about 1818.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> The 1819 <a href="/wiki/Weeden_House_Museum" title="Weeden House Museum">Weeden House Museum</a> was home to female artist and poet <a href="/wiki/Howard_Weeden" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard Weeden">Howard Weeden</a>, whose watercolors include portraits of African Americans.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> <a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Historic_District_(Huntsville,_Alabama)" title="Old Town Historic District (Huntsville, Alabama)">Old Town Historic District</a> contains a variety of styles, with homes dating from the late 1820s through the early 1900s.<a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lowe_Mill" title="Lowe Mill">Lowe Mill</a> Village and <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Mill_and_Mill_Village_Historic_District" title="Lincoln Mill and Mill Village Historic District">Lincoln Mill and Mill Village Historic District</a> were established during the textile boom of the 1890s and were recognized for their historical importance in 2011, along with Dallas Mill Village.<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> EarlyWorks Family of Museums runs multiple museums in Huntsville. EarlyWorks Children's Museum is an interactive history museum.<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-113">[112]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alabama_Constitution_Village" title="Alabama Constitution Village">Alabama Constitution Village</a> features eight reconstructed Federal style buildings, with living-museum displays downtown.<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_Depot" title="Huntsville Depot">Huntsville Depot</a>, completed in 1860, is the oldest extant railroad depot in Alabama and one of the oldest extant depots in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-113">[112]</a> Burritt on the Mountain, located on Monte Sano Mountain, is a regional history museum and event venue featuring a 1950s mansion, interpretive historic park, nature trails, and scenic overlooks.<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-113">[112]</a> Harrison Brothers Hardware Store, established in 1879, is the oldest operating hardware store in Alabama. Now owned by the Historic Huntsville Foundation, it is still a working store and museum.<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_Museum_of_Art" title="Huntsville Museum of Art">Huntsville Museum of Art</a> in Big Spring International Park offers permanent displays, traveling exhibitions, and educational programs.<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-113">[112]</a> <a href="/wiki/North_Alabama_Railroad_Museum" title="North Alabama Railroad Museum">North Alabama Railroad Museum</a> features locomotives, coach cars, and other train cars.<a href="#cite_note-:1-120">[119]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_%26_Rocket_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Space & Rocket Center">United States Space & Rocket Center</a> features the United States Space Camp, Aviation Challenge, and the only <a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">Saturn V</a> rocket designated a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-113">[112]</a> The U.S. Veterans Memorial Museum displays more than 30 military vehicles from World War I to the present, including the world's oldest jeep, artifacts, and small arms dating back to the Revolutionary War.<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries">Libraries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Libraries">edit</a>]</div> Branches of the <a href="/wiki/Huntsville-Madison_County_Public_Library" title="Huntsville-Madison County Public Library">Huntsville-Madison County Public Library</a> include: South Huntsville Public Library, North Huntsville Public Library, Downtown Huntsville Public Library, Cavalry Hill Public Library, Gurley Public Library, Madison Public Library, Monrovia Public Library, New Hope Public Library, Tillman D. Hill Public Library of Hazel Green, and Triana Public Library.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> The Huntsville-Madison County Public Library has Alabama's highest materials circulation rate,<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> and features a historical resource archive.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_arts_and_festivals">Visual arts and festivals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Visual arts and festivals">edit</a>]</div> Arts Huntsville (TAC) includes over 100 local arts organizations and advocates,<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> and promotes visual arts with two galleries: art@TAC, and JavaGalleria. TAC supports Create Huntsville, a county initiative to expand arts and cultural opportunities.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> The Huntsville Museum of Art opened in 1970.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> It purchased the largest privately owned, permanent collection of art by American women in the U.S., featuring <a href="/wiki/Anna_Elizabeth_Klumpke" title="Anna Elizabeth Klumpke">Anna Elizabeth Klumpke</a>, among others.<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> The Huntsville Photographic Society started in 1956, dedicated to furthering the art and science of photography in North Alabama.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> The Huntsville Art League started in 1957, adopting the name "The Huntsville Art League and Museum Association" (HALMA).<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a> In addition to their Visiting Artists and "Limelight Artists" series, which highlight both nonresident and member artists at the home office, HALMA features its members' works at galleries located in the Jane Grote Roberts Auditorium of the Huntsville-Madison County Public Library Main Branch, the Heritage Club, and the halls of the Huntsville Times.<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/Panoply_Arts_Festival" title="Panoply Arts Festival">Panoply Arts Festival</a> occurs every spring, and includes demonstrations, performances, competitions, workshops, and fireworks.<a href="#cite_note-Panoply_Arts_Festival-136">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a> The Cigar Box Guitar Festival occurs each June, and is the world's longest running Cigar Box Guitar festival, featuring live music using home made instruments.<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> The Galaxy of Lights is a holiday-themed light showcase hosted by the <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_Botanical_Garden" title="Huntsville Botanical Garden">Huntsville Botanical Garden</a> each winter. The Botanical Garden hosts a fun-run through the event.<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performing_arts">Performing arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Performing arts">edit</a>]</div> The Huntsville Community Chorus Association (HCCA) is one of Alabama's oldest performing arts organizations, with its first performance dating to December 1946. HCCA produces chorale concerts and musical theater productions.<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Huntsville Symphony Orchestra">Huntsville Symphony Orchestra</a> (HSO) is Alabama's oldest continuously operating professional symphony orchestra, featuring performances of classical, pops and family concerts, and music education programs in public schools.<a href="#cite_note-symphony-147">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> The Huntsville Youth Orchestra was founded by Russell Gerhart, founding conductor of the Huntsville Symphony Orchestra, in 1961.<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> Huntsville Chamber Music Guild was organized in 1952 to promote and present chamber music programs; the group seeks to present recitals in which artists are presented in works of the classical masters.<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> Broadway Theatre League was founded in 1959. BTL presents a season of national touring Broadway productions each year, a family-fun show, and additional season specials. Shows are presented in the Von Braun Center's Mark C. Smith Concert Hall.<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a> Fantasy Playhouse Children's Theatre, Huntsville's oldest children's theater, was founded in 1961. Fantasy Playhouse Theater Academy, the organization's dance, music, and art school, teaches children and adults each year.<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> Fantasy Playhouse regularly produces three plays a year with an additional play, A Christmas Carol, produced early each December.<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a> Independent Musical Productions (IMP), was founded in 1993 and stages <a href="/wiki/Musical_theatre" title="Musical theatre">musical productions</a> performed by volunteers from the community. Three musicals are presented throughout the year, as well as several Cabaret performances at smaller local venues to round out each season. IMP is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization and offers technical and performance workshops for the community.<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Von_Braun_Center" title="Von Braun Center">Von Braun Center</a>, which originally opened in 1975 as the Von Braun Civic Center, includes 10,000-seat capacity arena, a 2,000-seat concert hall, a 500-seat playhouse (330 seats with proscenium staging), and 150,000 square feet (14,000 m2) of convention space. Both the arena and concert hall have undergone major renovations; as a result, they have been rechristened the Propst Arena and the Mark C. Smith Concert Hall, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breweries">Breweries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Breweries">edit</a>]</div> A number of local breweries are located in Huntsville. Straight to Ale Brewery opened in 2010 in North Huntsville,<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> later relocated to South Huntsville,<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> and then moved to Campus 805 in West Huntsville.<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> Yellowhammer Brewing opened in 2010 in West Huntsville.<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> It later moved to a new facility at Campus 805 in West Huntsville.<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a> Salty Nut Brewery opened in 2013 in North Huntsville and moved to West Huntsville on brewery row.<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> Green Bus Brewing in downtown Huntsville opened in late 2015.<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> Huntsville is home to a number of adult sports teams and leagues. The <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_Havoc" title="Huntsville Havoc">Huntsville Havoc</a> are a professional <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> team with the <a href="/wiki/SPHL" title="SPHL">SPHL</a> that play home games at the Von Braun Center.<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a> <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_City_FC" title="Huntsville City FC">Huntsville City FC</a>, a reserve team for <a href="/wiki/Nashville_SC" title="Nashville SC">Nashville SC</a> of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a>, began playing in 2023 in <a href="/wiki/MLS_Next_Pro" title="MLS Next Pro">MLS Next Pro</a>, the third level of soccer in the US.<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a> The Huntsville Adult Soccer League, based at Merrimack Sports Complex, is an amateur adult soccer league with seven teams, including four men's divisions, a premier team, a women's team, and a master's team. The <a href="/wiki/Rocket_City_Roller_Derby" title="Rocket City Roller Derby">Rocket City Roller Derby</a> is part of the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Flat_Track_Derby_Association" title="Women's Flat Track Derby Association">Women's Flat Track Derby Association</a> (WFTDA) and plays at the NSS Conference Center.<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Alabama%E2%80%93Huntsville_Chargers" title="Alabama–Huntsville Chargers">Alabama–Huntsville Chargers</a> (University of Alabama in Huntsville) <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Basketball" class="mw-redirect" title="Men's Basketball">Men's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_basketball" title="Women's basketball">Women's Basketball</a> teams are part of <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_II" title="NCAA Division II">NCAA D-II</a> and play at Spragins Hall.<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Alabama_A%26M_Bulldogs_and_Lady_Bulldogs" title="Alabama A&M Bulldogs and Lady Bulldogs">Alabama A&M Bulldogs</a> (Alabama A&M University) Men's <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">Football</a> team is part of <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I" title="NCAA Division I">NCAA D-I FCS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> Huntsville has numerous sports venues. The Von Braun Center has a maximum <a href="/wiki/Seating_capacity" title="Seating capacity">seating capacity</a> of 9,000.<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a> <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Field_(Madison,_Alabama)" title="Toyota Field (Madison, Alabama)">Toyota Field</a> is a baseball park with a capacity of about 7,500, in nearby Madison that is home to the AA-minor league <a href="/wiki/Rocket_City_Trash_Pandas" title="Rocket City Trash Pandas">Rocket City Trash Pandas</a> team.<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a> A former baseball park, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Davis_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Davis Stadium">Joe Davis Stadium</a>, was converted into a 6,000-seat <a href="/wiki/Soccer-specific_stadium" title="Soccer-specific stadium">soccer-specific stadium</a> in 2023 for Huntsville City FC. The soccer field was named the Wicks Family Field to honor and recognize the Wicks family's contributions.<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a> A number of smaller stadiums are used by universities or public schools, including <a href="/wiki/Louis_Crews_Stadium" title="Louis Crews Stadium">Louis Crews Stadium</a> with a capacity of 21,000,<a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Milton_Frank_Stadium" title="Milton Frank Stadium">Milton Frank Stadium</a> with a capacity of 12,000.<a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a> The Merrimack Soccer Complex has 14 soccer fields used by youth soccer organizations.<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_Speedway" title="Huntsville Speedway">Huntsville Speedway</a> is a quarter mile oval race track used for race days and other events.<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a> Huntsville has had many professional sports teams in its past, most of which were discontinued due to lack of funding or being transferred to a different city. Huntsville's first sports team was the <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_Rockets" title="Huntsville Rockets">Huntsville Rockets</a> football team, launched in 1962 and folded in 1967 due to lack of funding.<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Alabama_Hawks" title="Alabama Hawks">Alabama Hawks</a> were a football team founded in 1963 and were discontinued in 1969 due to lack of funding.<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_Stars" title="Huntsville Stars">Huntsville Stars</a> were a Minor League Baseball team founded in 1985, originally as the <a href="/wiki/Nashville_Sounds" title="Nashville Sounds">Nashville Sounds</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a>, but were transferred to Huntsville soon after. In 2014, they were transferred to <a href="/wiki/Biloxi,_Mississippi" title="Biloxi, Mississippi">Biloxi, Mississippi</a> and renamed the <a href="/wiki/Biloxi_Shuckers" title="Biloxi Shuckers">Biloxi Shuckers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_Blast" title="Huntsville Blast">Huntsville Blast</a> were a minor league ice hockey team, originally founded in 1981 as the <a href="/wiki/Roanoke_Valley_Rampage" title="Roanoke Valley Rampage">Roanoke Valley Rampage</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vinton,_Virginia" title="Vinton, Virginia">Vinton, Virginia</a>, and were relocated to Huntsville in 1993. The following season, the team was relocated to <a href="/wiki/Tallahassee,_Florida" title="Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee, Florida</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Tallahassee_Tiger_Sharks" title="Tallahassee Tiger Sharks">Tallahassee Tiger Sharks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-193">[192]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_Fire" title="Huntsville Fire">Huntsville Fire</a> were an indoor soccer team founded in 1997 and dissolved in 1998 due to lack of funding.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_Channel_Cats" title="Huntsville Channel Cats">Huntsville Channel Cats</a> were an ice hockey team founded in 1995 and renamed the Huntsville Havoc in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-:7-193">[192]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_Flight" class="mw-redirect" title="Huntsville Flight">Huntsville Flight</a> were a basketball team founded in 2001 and were moved to <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> in 2005. Today, they are the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Charge" title="Cleveland Charge">Cleveland Charge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley_Raptors" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessee Valley Raptors">Tennessee Valley Raptors</a> were an indoor football team established in 2000 and relocated to <a href="/wiki/Rockford,_Illinois" title="Rockford, Illinois">Rockford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Alabama_Hammers" title="Alabama Hammers">Alabama Hammers</a>, which played at the Von Braun Center, were an indoor football team established in 2010 and folded in 2016 due to the collapse of the league.<a href="#cite_note-:7-193">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parks_and_recreation">Parks and recreation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Parks and recreation">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Big_Spring_International_Park_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Big_Spring_International_Park_2019.jpg/243px-Big_Spring_International_Park_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="243" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Big_Spring_International_Park_2019.jpg/365px-Big_Spring_International_Park_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Big_Spring_International_Park_2019.jpg/486px-Big_Spring_International_Park_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2964" data-file-height="1455" /></a><figcaption>Big Spring International Park in 2019</figcaption></figure> There are more than <a href="/wiki/Parks_and_Greenways_in_Huntsville" title="Parks and Greenways in Huntsville">60 parks within the city limits of Huntsville</a>.<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> In 2013, for the fifth time in seven years, Huntsville was named a 'Playful City USA' by <a href="/wiki/KaBOOM!_(non-profit_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="KaBOOM! (non-profit organization)">KaBOOM!</a> for their efforts to provide a variety of play opportunities for children that included after school programs and parks within walking distance of home.<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> Centered on the natural Big Spring in downtown Huntsville is <a href="/wiki/Big_Spring_International_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Spring International Park">Big Spring International Park</a>, containing the Huntsville Museum of Art. Fish and ducks live in the spring and in surrounding water bodies. There is a waterfall and a constantly lit gas torch.<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> John Hunt Park is the city's largest park, with 428 acres (173 ha) of open space, tennis courts, soccer fields, and walking trails, as well as facilities near the sports fields.<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a> <a href="/wiki/Burritt_on_the_Mountain" title="Burritt on the Mountain">Burritt on the Mountain</a> atop Monte Sano Mountain features a mid-century mansion and museum, a historic park depicting rural life in the 19th century, nature trails, and functions as a venue for regional events throughout the year.<a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[205]</a> The Huntsville Botanical Garden's 112 acres (45 ha) site features educational programs, woodland paths, grassy meadows, and vast floral collections.<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a> Land Trust of North Alabama is a member supported, non-profit organization dedicated to the conservation of the natural heritage of the area. They work to preserve open space, wildflower areas, wetlands, and working farms in North Alabama, including some of the <a href="/wiki/Monte_Sano_Nature_Preserve" title="Monte Sano Nature Preserve">Monte Sano Nature Preserve</a> (Monte Sano Mountain).<a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a> <a href="/wiki/Monte_Sano_State_Park" title="Monte Sano State Park">Monte Sano State Park</a> has over 2,000 acres (8.1 km2) and features hiking and bicycling trails, rentable cabins, campsites, full <a href="/wiki/Recreational_vehicle" title="Recreational vehicle">RV</a> hookups, and a lodge.<a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a> Other state parks nearby include <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Caverns_State_Park" title="Cathedral Caverns State Park">Cathedral Caverns</a> in <a href="/wiki/Woodville,_Alabama" title="Woodville, Alabama">Woodville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Guntersville_State_Park" title="Lake Guntersville State Park">Lake Guntersville State Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Guntersville,_Alabama" title="Guntersville, Alabama">Guntersville</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Wheeler_State_Park" title="Joe Wheeler State Park">Joe Wheeler State Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rogersville,_Alabama" title="Rogersville, Alabama">Rogersville</a>.<a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a> There are six main golf courses in Huntsville. Hampton Cove is one of the eleven courses making up the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Trent_Jones_Golf_Trail" title="Robert Trent Jones Golf Trail">Robert Trent Jones Golf Trail</a>, featuring two championship 18-hole courses, one par-three course, and a driving range.<a href="#cite_note-213">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[213]</a> Sunset Landing Golf Course is an 18-hole golf course next to <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_International_Airport" title="Huntsville International Airport">Huntsville International Airport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[215]</a> The Links on Redstone Arsenal is available for Military, NASA, and others that have base access. The Links has four separate 9-hole courses (two of which can be used for <a href="/wiki/Footgolf" title="Footgolf">footgolf</a>) and a driving range.<a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[217]</a> The Ledges is an exclusive 18-hole championship golf course, also offering a <a href="/wiki/Banquet_hall" title="Banquet hall">banquet hall</a>, grand hall, and a number of meeting rooms at their clubhouse.<a href="#cite_note-219">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Government">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Huntsville,_Alabama" title="List of mayors of Huntsville, Alabama">List of mayors of Huntsville, Alabama</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Huntsville_City_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/New_Huntsville_City_Hall.jpg/170px-New_Huntsville_City_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/New_Huntsville_City_Hall.jpg/255px-New_Huntsville_City_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/New_Huntsville_City_Hall.jpg/340px-New_Huntsville_City_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="3270" /></a><figcaption>Huntsville City Hall</figcaption></figure> The current mayor of Huntsville is <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Battle" title="Tommy Battle">Tommy Battle</a>, who was first elected in 2008 and then re-elected in 2012, 2016, and 2020. The City Administrator is John Hamilton, who replaced Rex Reynolds on January 1, 2014, when Reynolds retired.<a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a> The city has a five-member (1 per district) City Council.<a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a> Council elections are staggered, meaning that Districts 2, 3, and 4 had elections in August 2018, while Districts 1 and 5 had elections simultaneously with mayoral elections in 2020. The city has boards and commissions which control most public services and development projects.<a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a> In 2020, the city announced that they would build a new $80 million city hall, planned to centralize all boards and committees in one building.<a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a> In July 2007, then Senator <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> held the first fundraiser in Alabama for his presidential campaign in Huntsville.<a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a> In 2022, former Rep. <a href="/wiki/Mo_Brooks" title="Mo Brooks">Mo Brooks</a> (R-5th Congressional District, AL) announced his retirement from the U.S. House of Representatives to run for the Senate. In November, Dale Strong won the election to replace Mo Brooks.<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="K–12_education">K–12 education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: K–12 education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_City_Schools" title="Huntsville City Schools">Huntsville City Schools</a></div> K–12 public education in Huntsville is provided by <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_City_Schools" title="Huntsville City Schools">Huntsville City Schools</a>.<a href="#cite_note-schools-227">[226]</a> In the 2022–2023 school year 23,939 students attended Huntsville City Schools. According to <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a>, "49% of high school students tested at or above the proficient level for reading, and 45% tested at or above that level for math". They also stated that high schoolers have a 92% graduation rate.<a href="#cite_note-:0-228">[227]</a> Of the 46 schools in the Huntsville City Schools system in 2020–2021, there were:<a href="#cite_note-:0-228">[227]</a> <ul><li>26 <a href="/wiki/Preschool" title="Preschool">Preschools</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pre-kindergarten" title="Pre-kindergarten">Pre-K</a>)</li> <li>28 <a href="/wiki/Elementary_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementary school">Elementary schools</a> (K–5)</li> <li>14 <a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">Middle schools</a> (grades 6–8)</li> <li>6 <a href="/wiki/High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="High School">high Schools</a> (grades 9–12)</li> <li>3 <a href="/wiki/Special_education_in_the_United_States" title="Special education in the United States">special centers</a> (two Schools of Choice and one Program of Choice)</li></ul> Huntsville City Schools also offers six magnet programs at existing schools: three programs for grades 9–12, two for 6–8, and one for both.<a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a> The section in Morgan County is within the Morgan County School District.<a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a> A few parcels of Huntsville in Madison County are in the <a href="/wiki/Madison_County_School_District_(Alabama)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madison County School District (Alabama)">Madison County School District</a>,<a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a> and a few parcels in Limestone County are in the <a href="/wiki/Limestone_County_School_District" title="Limestone County School District">Limestone County School District</a>.<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a> Several private, parochial, and religious schools serve grades pre-K–12. The city has several private Christian schools, including <a href="/wiki/Catholic_High_School_(Huntsville,_Alabama)" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic High School (Huntsville, Alabama)">Saint John Paul II Catholic High School</a>,<a href="#cite_note-233">[232]</a> <a href="/wiki/Oakwood_Adventist_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakwood Adventist Academy">Oakwood Adventist Academy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-234">[233]</a> Whitesburg Christian Academy,<a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a> Grace Lutheran School,<a href="#cite_note-236">[235]</a> and Westminster Christian Academy.<a href="#cite_note-237">[236]</a> <a href="/wiki/Randolph_School" title="Randolph School">Randolph School</a> is Huntsville's only independent, private K-12 school.<a href="#cite_note-238">[237]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Higher education">edit</a>]</div> Huntsville has four main higher education institutions. <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Alabama_in_Huntsville" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Alabama in Huntsville">The University of Alabama in Huntsville</a> is the largest university serving the greater Huntsville area, with 9,636 undergraduate students in 2022–2023.<a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a> About half of its graduates earn a degree in engineering or science, making it one of the larger producers of engineers and physical scientists in Alabama.<a href="#cite_note-240">[239]</a> The Carnegie Foundation ranks the school very highly as a research institution, placing it among the top 75 public research universities in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-241">[240]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alabama_A%26M_University" title="Alabama A&M University">Alabama A&M University</a> is the oldest university in the Huntsville area, dating to 1875. With over 5,000 students,<a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a> it is home to the AAMU Historic District with 28 buildings and four structures listed in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Register of Historic Places">United States National Register of Historic Places</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oakwood_University" title="Oakwood University">Oakwood University</a>, founded in 1896, is a <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist</a> university with over 1,300 students and a member institution of the United Negro College Fund.<a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a> <a href="/wiki/J._F._Drake_State_Technical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="J. F. Drake State Technical College">J.F. Drake State Community and Technical College</a>, founded in 1961, is a public technical college with 872 students as of 2022.<a href="#cite_note-244">[243]</a> Various colleges and universities have satellite locations or extensions in Huntsville. <a href="/wiki/Calhoun_Community_College" title="Calhoun Community College">Calhoun Community College</a>'s Cummings Research Park location offers in-person technical and medical programs.<a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a> <a href="/wiki/Columbia_College_(Missouri)" title="Columbia College (Missouri)">Columbia College</a>'s Redstone Arsenal location and <a href="/wiki/Embry%E2%80%93Riddle_Aeronautical_University" title="Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University">Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University</a>'s Redstone Arsenal location offer higher education programs in-person and <a href="/wiki/Virtual_learning_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual learning environment">online</a> to military individuals and their families.<a href="#cite_note-246">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[246]</a> <a href="/wiki/Faulkner_University" title="Faulkner University">Faulkner University</a>'s Research Park location and <a href="/wiki/Strayer_University" title="Strayer University">Strayer University</a>'s Research Park offers in-person and online learning.<a href="#cite_note-248">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[248]</a> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Institute of Technology">Georgia Institute of Technology</a>'s Redstone Arsenal research institute is the "Development and technology home for Army Air Defense Systems, Missile Defense Systems, Rotary Wing Aviation Technology and more..." and offers professional training in those areas.<a href="#cite_note-250">[249]</a> Several medical centers and universities with medical programs offer education in medicine. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alabama_at_Birmingham" title="University of Alabama at Birmingham">University of Alabama at Birmingham</a>'s Huntsville Regional Medical Campus offers a number of on-site programs, including the <a href="/wiki/Family_medicine" title="Family medicine">Family Medicine</a> Residency, <a href="/wiki/Internal_medicine" title="Internal medicine">Internal Medicine</a> Residency, <a href="/wiki/Obstetrics" title="Obstetrics">Obstetrics</a> and Women's Health Fellowship. The campus also serves as a physician practice for the public.<a href="#cite_note-251">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[251]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ross_Medical_Education_Center" title="Ross Medical Education Center">Ross Medical Education Center</a> in Research Park offer 36-week experience programs in <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dentistry" title="Dentistry">dentistry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">veterinary medicine</a> fields.<a href="#cite_note-253">[252]</a> <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Huntsville Hospital">Huntsville Hospital</a> has an accredited school of <a href="/wiki/Radiology" title="Radiology">radiology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-254">[253]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newspapers_and_magazines">Newspapers and magazines</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Newspapers and magazines">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/The_Huntsville_Times" title="The Huntsville Times">The Huntsville Times</a> has been Huntsville's only daily newspaper since 1996, when the Huntsville News closed. Before then, the News was the morning paper, and the Times was the afternoon paper until 2004. The Times has a weekday circulation of 60,000, which rises to 80,000 on Sundays. Both papers were owned by the <a href="/wiki/Advance_Publications" title="Advance Publications">Newhouse chain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-255">[254]</a> In May 2012, Advance Publications, owner of the Times, announced that the Times would become part of a new company called the Alabama Media Group, along with the other three newspapers and two websites owned by Advance. As part of the change, the newspapers moved to a three-day publication schedule, with print editions available only on Wednesday, Friday and Sunday. The Huntsville Times and its sister papers publish news and information seven days a week on <a href="/wiki/AL.com" class="mw-redirect" title="AL.com">AL.com</a>.<a href="#cite_note-256">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[257]</a> As of 2023, print editions have stopped production. A few alternative newspapers are available in Huntsville. The Redstone Rocket is a newspaper distributed throughout Redstone Arsenal's housing area covering activities on Redstone.<a href="#cite_note-259">[258]</a> Speakin' Out News is a weekly newspaper focused on African Americans.<a href="#cite_note-260">[259]</a> Huntsville Magazine is a quarterly <a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_journalism" title="Lifestyle journalism">lifestyle magazine</a>, which, "Serves as a guide to the best of the city with insightful reads on culture, people, entertainment, and businesses catalyzing the city's transformation."<a href="#cite_note-261">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[261]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio,_television,_and_film">Radio, television, and film</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Radio, television, and film">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Alabama" title="List of radio stations in Alabama">List of radio stations in Alabama</a></div> Station <a href="/wiki/KIH20" class="mw-redirect" title="KIH20">KIH20</a> broadcasts the National Weather Service's forecasts and warnings for the Huntsville area.<a href="#cite_note-263">[262]</a> The Huntsville DMA serves Madison, Limestone, and Morgan counties.<a href="#cite_note-264">[263]</a> Major stations include <a href="/wiki/WHNT" class="mw-redirect" title="WHNT">WHNT</a> 19 (<a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>, with <a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a> via <a href="/wiki/Florence,_Alabama" title="Florence, Alabama">Florence</a>-licensed <a href="/wiki/WHDF" title="WHDF">WHDF</a> on DT2), <a href="/wiki/WHIQ" class="mw-redirect" title="WHIQ">WHIQ</a> 25 (<a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alabama_Public_Television" title="Alabama Public Television">Alabama Public Television</a>), <a href="/wiki/WAAY-TV" title="WAAY-TV">WAAY</a> 31 (<a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>), <a href="/wiki/WAFF_(TV)" title="WAFF (TV)">WAFF</a> 48 (<a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>), and <a href="/wiki/WZDX" title="WZDX">WZDX</a> 54 (<a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">FOX</a>, with <a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MyNetworkTV</a> on DT2).<a href="#cite_note-265">[264]</a> A few feature films have been shot in Huntsville, including <a href="/wiki/SpaceCamp" title="SpaceCamp">SpaceCamp</a>, <a href="/wiki/20_Years_After" title="20 Years After">20 Years After</a> (2008, originally released as Like Moles, Like Rats)<a href="#cite_note-266">[265]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constellation_(film)" title="Constellation (film)">Constellation</a> (2005).<a href="#cite_note-267">[266]</a> Columbia Pictures filmed <a href="/wiki/Ravagers_(1979_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ravagers (1979 film)">Ravagers</a> (1979) in The Land Trust's Historic Three Caves Quarry, at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center, and at an antebellum home.<a href="#cite_note-268">[267]</a> Dark Entities (2022) takes place in Huntsville and was filmed throughout North Alabama.<a href="#cite_note-269">[268]</a> Huntsville's legacy in the space program continues to draw film producers looking for background material for space-themed films. During the pre-production of <a href="/wiki/Apollo_13_(film)" title="Apollo 13 (film)">Apollo 13</a> (1995), the cast and crew spent time at Space Camp and Marshall Space Flight Center preparing for their roles.<a href="#cite_note-270">[269]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Infrastructure">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:I-565_at_Space_and_Rocket_Center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/I-565_at_Space_and_Rocket_Center.jpg/220px-I-565_at_Space_and_Rocket_Center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/I-565_at_Space_and_Rocket_Center.jpg/330px-I-565_at_Space_and_Rocket_Center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/I-565_at_Space_and_Rocket_Center.jpg/440px-I-565_at_Space_and_Rocket_Center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">Saturn V</a> replica at the <a href="/wiki/US_Space_and_Rocket_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="US Space and Rocket Center">US Space and Rocket Center</a> stands as a prominent landmark near mile 15 on <a href="/wiki/Interstate_565" title="Interstate 565">Interstate 565</a>.</figcaption></figure> Huntsville is served by several major highways including <a href="/wiki/U.S._Highway_72" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Highway 72">US 72</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_72_Alternate" title="U.S. Route 72 Alternate">US 72 Alt.</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Highway_231" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Highway 231">US 231</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Highway_431" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Highway 431">US 431</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_565" title="Interstate 565">Interstate 565</a> (with a connection to <a href="/wiki/Interstate_65_in_Alabama" title="Interstate 65 in Alabama">I-65</a> in <a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Alabama" title="Decatur, Alabama">Decatur</a>). <a href="/wiki/Alabama_State_Route_53" title="Alabama State Route 53">Alabama Highway 53</a> also connects the city with I-65 in <a href="/wiki/Ardmore,_Tennessee" title="Ardmore, Tennessee">Ardmore, Tennessee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-271">[270]</a> Other major roadways include <a href="/wiki/University_Drive_(Huntsville)" class="mw-redirect" title="University Drive (Huntsville)">University Drive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governors_Drive_(Huntsville)" class="mw-redirect" title="Governors Drive (Huntsville)">Governors Drive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airport_Road_(Huntsville)" title="Airport Road (Huntsville)">Airport Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Parkway_(Huntsville)" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorial Parkway (Huntsville)">Memorial Parkway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alabama_State_Route_255" title="Alabama State Route 255">Research Park Boulevard (SR 255)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-272">[271]</a> Public transit in Huntsville is run by the city's Department of Parking and Public Transit.<a href="#cite_note-273">[272]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Orbit_(bus_system)" title="Orbit (bus system)">Huntsville Orbit</a> runs 11 fixed routes throughout the city, mainly around downtown and major shopping areas like Memorial Parkway and University Drive and has recently expanded some of the buses to include bike racks on the front for a trial program.<a href="#cite_note-274">[273]</a> The city runs Access, a demand-response transit system for the handicapped,<a href="#cite_note-275">[274]</a> and CommuteSmart, a county-wide carpooling program.<a href="#cite_note-276">[275]</a> There are several bicycle routes in the city.<a href="#cite_note-277">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a> There are bike paths for exercise available.<a href="#cite_note-279">[278]</a> Huntsville's government is working to improve bicycle network within the city limits.<a href="#cite_note-280">[279]</a> In 2020, Huntsville released a master plan for a 70-mile bicycling and walking trail, named Singing River Trail of North Alabama, to connect downtown Huntsville to the cities of Madison, Decatur, and Athens.<a href="#cite_note-singingrivertrail.com-281">[280]</a> Huntsville has two active commercial rail lines. The mainline is run by <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Southern" class="mw-redirect" title="Norfolk Southern">Norfolk Southern</a>, which runs from <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a> to <a href="/wiki/Chattanooga,_Tennessee" title="Chattanooga, Tennessee">Chattanooga, Tennessee</a>. The original depot for this rail line, the Huntsville Depot, still exists as a <a href="/wiki/Railroad_museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Railroad museum">railroad museum</a>, though it no longer offers passenger service.<a href="#cite_note-282">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[282]</a> Another rail line, formerly part of the <a href="/wiki/Louisville_and_Nashville_Railroad" title="Louisville and Nashville Railroad">Louisville and Nashville Railroad (L&N)</a>, successor to the <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Chattanooga_and_St._Louis_Railway" title="Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway">Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway (NC&StL)</a>, is being operated by the <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_and_Madison_County_Railroad_Authority" title="Huntsville and Madison County Railroad Authority">Huntsville and Madison County Railroad Authority (HMCRA)</a>. The line connects to the Norfolk Southern line downtown and runs 13 miles (21 km) south, passing near Ditto Landing on the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_River" title="Tennessee River">Tennessee River</a>, and terminating at Norton Switch, near Hobbs Island. This service, in continuous operation since 1894, presently hauls freight and provides <a href="/wiki/Transloading" title="Transloading">transloading</a> facilities at its downtown depot location. Until the mid-1950s, the L&N provided freight and passenger service to Guntersville. The rail cars were loaded onto barges at Hobbs Island. The barge tows were taken upstream through the Guntersville Dam & Locks and discharged at Port Guntersville. Remnants of the track supporting piers still remain in the river just upstream from Hobbs Island. The service ran twice daily. L&N abandoned the line in 1984, at which time it was acquired by the newly created HMCRA, a state agency.<a href="#cite_note-284">[283]</a> A third line, the Mercury and Chase Railroad, runs 10-mile (16 km) weekend tourist rides on part of another former NC&StL and L&N line from the North Alabama Railroad Museum's Chase Depot, located in the community of <a href="/wiki/Chase,_Alabama" title="Chase, Alabama">Chase, Alabama</a>. Their collection includes one of the oldest diesel locomotives in existence (1926). The rail line originally connected Huntsville to NC&StL's Nashville-to-Chattanooga mainline in <a href="/wiki/Decherd,_Tennessee" title="Decherd, Tennessee">Decherd, Tennessee</a>. The depot was once the smallest <a href="/wiki/Union_station" title="Union station">union station</a> in the United States when it served the NC&StL and Memphis and Charleston Railroad, the predecessor to the Norfolk Southern.<a href="#cite_note-:1-120">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ports">Ports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Ports">edit</a>]</div> The inland <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Huntsville" title="Port of Huntsville">Port of Huntsville</a> combines the <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_International_Airport" title="Huntsville International Airport">Huntsville International Airport</a>, International Intermodal Center, and Jetplex Industrial Park for truck, train and air transport. The <a href="/wiki/Intermodal_freight_transport" title="Intermodal freight transport">intermodal terminal</a> transfers truck and train cargo to aircraft. The port has on-site <a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Customs">U.S. Customs</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">USDA</a> inspectors.<a href="#cite_note-285">[284]</a> The port is <a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_zones_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign trade zones of the United States">Foreign Trade Zone</a> No. 83.<a href="#cite_note-286">[285]</a> Huntsville International Airport is served by several regional and national carriers, including <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breeze_Airways" title="Breeze Airways">Breeze Airways</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silver_Airways" title="Silver Airways">Silver Airways</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Airlines" title="American Airlines">American Airlines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-287">[286]</a> Delivery companies have hubs in Huntsville, making flights to Europe, Asia, and Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-288">[287]</a> The airport was reported to have the highest fares in the United States in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-289">[288]</a> Huntsville is also served by the <a href="/wiki/Meridianville,_Alabama" title="Meridianville, Alabama">Meridianville</a>–located <a href="/wiki/Madison_County_Executive_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Madison County Executive Airport">Madison County Executive Airport</a>, sometimes denoted as Huntsville Executive Airport due to its proximity to the city.<a href="#cite_note-290">[289]</a> The airport is a <a href="/wiki/General_aviation" title="General aviation">general aviation</a> airport and does not have any regularly-scheduled commercial services.<a href="#cite_note-291">[290]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utilities">Utilities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Utilities">edit</a>]</div> Electricity, water, and natural gas are all provided in Huntsville by Huntsville Utilities (HU).<a href="#cite_note-292">[291]</a> HU purchases and resells power from the <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Valley_Authority" title="Tennessee Valley Authority">Tennessee Valley Authority</a>. TVA has two plants that provide electricity to the Huntsville area: Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Plant in <a href="/wiki/Limestone_County,_Alabama" title="Limestone County, Alabama">Limestone County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guntersville_Dam" title="Guntersville Dam">Guntersville Dam</a> in <a href="/wiki/Marshall_County,_Alabama" title="Marshall County, Alabama">Marshall County</a>.<a href="#cite_note-293">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-294">[293]</a> A third, <a href="/wiki/Bellefonte_Nuclear_Generating_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellefonte Nuclear Generating Station">Bellefonte Nuclear Power Plant</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Alabama" title="Jackson County, Alabama">Jackson County</a>, was built in the 1980s but was never activated. TVA attempted to sell the plant in 2016, but withdrew from the deal, stating they could not sell the plant under the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Act_of_1954" title="Atomic Energy Act of 1954">Atomic Energy Act of 1954</a>.<a href="#cite_note-295">[294]</a> Telephone service in Huntsville is provided by <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a>, <a href="/wiki/EarthLink" title="EarthLink">EarthLink</a>, <a href="/wiki/WOW!" class="mw-redirect" title="WOW!">WOW!</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a>. Comcast and WOW! are the two cable providers in the Huntsville city limits. <a href="/wiki/Mediacom" title="Mediacom">Mediacom</a> operates in rural outlying areas. AT&T announced the start of its <a href="/wiki/AT%26T_U-verse" class="mw-redirect" title="AT&T U-verse">DSL U-verse service</a> in the Huntsville-Decatur metro area in November 2010.<a href="#cite_note-296">[295]</a> AT&T and <a href="/wiki/Google_Fiber" title="Google Fiber">Google</a> offer fiber Internet service across the city.<a href="#cite_note-297">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[297]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_safety">Public safety</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Public safety">edit</a>]</div> The Huntsville Fire and Rescue provides fire protection for the city.<a href="#cite_note-299">[298]</a> On a daily basis the department staffs and coordinates twenty-one engine companies, five ladder trucks, four rescue trucks, along with a Special Operations Division that includes Hazardous Materials Units, Technical Rescue Units, and several specialized support units. Huntsville Fire & Rescue also has Fire Investigations, emergency response dispatch, logistics, and training divisions.<a href="#cite_note-300">[299]</a> Huntsville has two volunteer public safety organizations in their city. The Huntsville-Madison County Rescue Squad is the county-wide volunteer rescue organization with tasks ranging from vehicle extrication to water rescues.<a href="#cite_note-301">[300]</a> The other is the Huntsville Cave Rescue Unit which is the region's only all-volunteer cave rescue organization. It is tasked with cave, cliff and high angle rope rescues. These organizations are located in Huntsville but operate both in the city and outside with HCRU, responding to many cave rescue calls coming from caves well outside the city limits.<a href="#cite_note-302">[301]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Huntsville_Hospital.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Huntsville_Hospital.jpg/220px-Huntsville_Hospital.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Huntsville_Hospital.jpg/330px-Huntsville_Hospital.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Huntsville_Hospital.jpg/440px-Huntsville_Hospital.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The main building of <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_Hospital_System" title="Huntsville Hospital System">Huntsville Hospital</a></figcaption></figure> Huntsville Hospital in the downtown area is the largest hospital and <a href="/wiki/Trauma_center" title="Trauma center">trauma center</a>. In 2021, Huntsville Hospital opened the Orthopedic & Spine Tower, a seven-story building with 24 surgical orthopedic suites,<a href="#cite_note-303">[302]</a> which brings the total bed count to 881 for Huntsville Hospital.<a href="#cite_note-304">[303]</a> Located further south, Crestwood Medical Center is a smaller, 180-bed<a href="#cite_note-305">[304]</a> <a href="/wiki/Teaching_hospital" title="Teaching hospital">teaching hospital</a> that is ranked nationally in two specialties.<a href="#cite_note-USNew-306">[305]</a> Huntsville Emergency Medical Services, Inc. (HEMSI) provides emergency medical services to Huntsville and surrounding Madison county. HEMSI operates from 12 stations with a fleet of 36 ambulances.<a href="#cite_note-307">[306]</a> The Huntsville Police Department has three precincts and one downtown headquarters, over 500 sworn officers,<a href="#cite_note-308">[307]</a> 200 civilian personnel, and patrols an area of approximately 220 square miles. The department also boasts its own academy, which has been in operation since 1965.<a href="#cite_note-309">[308]</a> Huntsville spent $1.2 million in 2015 to buy body cameras to be used by the Huntsville Police Department. Mayor Tommy Battle pushed for the purchase of the body cameras, saying: "We can provide a trust situation with police and our general public."<a href="#cite_note-waffbodycam-310">[309]</a> The mayor also said: "Having that body cam there, having the police video there record what actually happens, and when people come in with complaints against Huntsville police officers, they get to see the action that actually happened."<a href="#cite_note-311">[310]</a> Following the conviction of a former Huntsville police officer for murder, after he was originally cleared of any wrongdoing by the Police department,<a href="#cite_note-312">[311]</a> the City of Huntsville voted to change the way police shootings are reviewed. Beginning in August 2021, all shootings that result in death that occur by Huntsville Police are to be investigated by the <a href="/wiki/Alabama_Law_Enforcement_Agency" title="Alabama Law Enforcement Agency">Alabama Law Enforcement Agency</a> instead.<a href="#cite_note-313">[312]</a> The first investigation following the policy change started in January 2022 after an off-duty Huntsville police officer allegedly killed his girlfriend.<a href="#cite_note-314">[313]</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[314]</a> The officer had initially reported the death as a suicide; however, it was later investigated as a homicide.<a href="#cite_note-316">[315]</a> An advisory council created by the city<a href="#cite_note-317">[316]</a> described actions by Huntsville Police department (HPD) as being "in a manner that was, at a minimum, unprofessional and on multiple occasions in violation of HPD policy."<a href="#cite_note-318">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-319">[318]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Huntsville,_Alabama" title="List of people from Huntsville, Alabama">List of people from Huntsville, Alabama</a></div> Notable people from Huntsville include <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> co-founder <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Wales" title="Jimmy Wales">Jimmy Wales</a>,<a href="#cite_note-320">[319]</a> <a href="/wiki/Professional_wrestling" title="Professional wrestling">professional wrestler</a> <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Eaton" title="Bobby Eaton">Bobby Eaton</a>,<a href="#cite_note-321">[320]</a> <a href="/wiki/Film_score" title="Film score">film composer</a> and musician <a href="/wiki/Mervyn_Warren" title="Mervyn Warren">Mervyn Warren</a>,<a href="#cite_note-322">[321]</a> early-20th century actress <a href="/wiki/Tallulah_Bankhead" title="Tallulah Bankhead">Tallulah Bankhead</a>,<a href="#cite_note-323">[322]</a> and horror actor <a href="/wiki/David_Howard_Thornton" title="David Howard Thornton">David Howard Thornton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Terrifier_(film_series)" title="Terrifier (film series)">Terrifier film series</a>).<a href="#cite_note-324">[323]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Sister cities">edit</a>]</div> Huntsville has 2 <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">sister cities</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan"><img alt="Taiwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tainan" title="Tainan">Tainan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a><a href="#cite_note-325">[324]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Issy-les-Moulineaux" title="Issy-les-Moulineaux">Issy-les-Moulineaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, a suburb of <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a><a href="#cite_note-326">[325]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Notes and references">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJordan2018" class="citation web cs1">Jordan, Michelle (February 23, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cityblog.huntsvilleal.gov/city-limits-explaining-the-annexation-process/">"City Limits: Explaining the annexation process"</a>. City of Huntsville. Retrieved December 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+of+Huntsville&rft.atitle=City+Limits%3A+Explaining+the+annexation+process&rft.date=2018-02-23&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcityblog.huntsvilleal.gov%2Fcity-limits-explaining-the-annexation-process%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuntsville%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080831094820/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,862900,00.html">"Rocket City, U.S.A."</a> Time. p. 1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,862900,00.html">the original</a> on August 31, 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rocket+City%2C+U.S.A.&rft.pages=1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C862900%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuntsville%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huntsvilleal.gov/government/media-center/logo-and-identity-standards/#:~:text=The%20graphic%20elements%20that%20make,and%20communications%20tools%20we%20have.">"Logo and Identity Standards"</a>. City of Huntsville. Retrieved December 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+of+Huntsville&rft.atitle=Logo+and+Identity+Standards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huntsvilleal.gov%2Fgovernment%2Fmedia-center%2Flogo-and-identity-standards%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520graphic%2520elements%2520that%2520make%2Cand%2520communications%2520tools%2520we%2520have.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuntsville%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-alabama-law-1823-twickenham-4"><a href="#cite_ref-alabama-law-1823-twickenham_4-0">^</a> A Digest of the Laws of the State of Alabama: Containing The Statutes and Resolutions in Force at the end of the General Assembly in January 1823. Published by Ginn & Curtis, J. & J. Harper, Printers, New-York, 1828. Title 14. Chapter I. Section 2. pp. 106–107. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JvtKAAAAYAAJ/page/n141">"An Act directing Courts to be held in the County of Madison, &c.—Passed December 23, 1809(...)Sec 2. And be it further enacted. That the town so laid out shall be known by the name Twickenham." (Internet Archive)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> A Digest of the Laws of the State of Alabama: Containing The Statutes and Resolutions in Force at the end of the General Assembly in January 1823. Published by Ginn & Curtis, J. & J. Harper, Printers, New-York, 1828. Title 62. Chapter V. pp. 774–775. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JvtKAAAAYAAJ/page/n805">"An Act to Incorporate the Town of Huntsville, Madison County —Passed December 9, 1811." (Internet Archive)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JvtKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA774">"62 – Chapter V."</a>. A Digest of the Laws of the State of Alabama: Containing The Statutes and Resolutions in Force at the end of the General Assembly in January, 1823. New-York: Ginn & Curtis, J. & J. Harper, Printers. 1828. pp. 774–775.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=62+%E2%80%93+Chapter+V.&rft.btitle=A+Digest+of+the+Laws+of+the+State+of+Alabama%3A+Containing+The+Statutes+and+Resolutions+in+Force+at+the+end+of+the+General+Assembly+in+January%2C+1823&rft.place=New-York&rft.pages=774-775&rft.pub=Ginn+%26+Curtis%2C+J.+%26+J.+Harper%2C+Printers&rft.date=1828&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJvtKAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA774&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuntsville%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcklen1861" class="citation book cs1">Acklen, William, ed. (1861). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/codeofordinances00hunt">The Code of Ordinances of the City of Hunstville, With the Charter, Pursuant to an Order of the Mayor and Aldermen</a>. Huntsville, Ala.: William B. Figures, Printer. Retrieved June 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Code+of+Ordinances+of+the+City+of+Hunstville%2C+With+the+Charter%2C+Pursuant+to+an+Order+of+the+Mayor+and+Aldermen&rft.place=Huntsville%2C+Ala.&rft.pub=William+B.+Figures%2C+Printer&rft.date=1861&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcodeofordinances00hunt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuntsville%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2023-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2023_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2023_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2023_Gazetteer/2023_gaz_place_01.txt">"2023 U.S. Gazetteer Files"</a>. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 13, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2023+U.S.+Gazetteer+Files&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Fmaps-data%2Fdata%2Fgazetteer%2F2023_Gazetteer%2F2023_gaz_place_01.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuntsville%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gnis-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gnis_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gnis_9-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/2404746">U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Huntsville, Alabama</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020_Census_(City)-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2020_Census_(City)_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020_Census_(City)_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2020_Census_(City)_10-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/profile/Huntsville_city,_Alabama?g=160XX00US0137000">"Explore Census Data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. Retrieved March 13, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Explore+Census+Data&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fprofile%2FHuntsville_city%2C_Alabama%3Fg%3D160XX00US0137000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuntsville%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maps.huntsvilleal.gov/HuntsvilleStats/">"City of Huntsville Statistics"</a>. City of Huntsville. Retrieved August 30, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+of+Huntsville+Statistics&rft.pub=City+of+Huntsville&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaps.huntsvilleal.gov%2FHuntsvilleStats%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuntsville%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyclopediaofalabama.org/ARTICLE/h-1168">"Madison County"</a>. Encyclopedia of Alabama. 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Alabama Review. 63 (4): 243–281. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fala.2010.0006">10.1353/ala.2010.0006</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2166-9961">2166-9961</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154931802">154931802</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alabama+Review&rft.atitle=Cotton+Mill+City%3A+The+Huntsville+Textile+Industry%2C+1880%E2%80%931989&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=243-281&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154931802%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2166-9961&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fala.2010.0006&rft.aulast=Snow&rft.aufirst=Whitney+Adrienne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.gale.com%2Fps%2Fi.do%3Fp%3DAONE%26id%3DGALE%7CA241619803%26v%3D2.1%26it%3Dr%26sid%3DAONE%26asid%3Db6a8a1e4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuntsville%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSFC-44"><a href="#cite_ref-MSFC_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100527092424/http://history.msfc.nasa.gov/huntsville/hsv_history.html">"NASA MSFC Notes on the History of Huntsville"</a>. 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Retrieved May 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Huntsville.org&rft.atitle=Robert+Trent+Jones+Golf+Trail+at+Hampton+Cove&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huntsville.org%2Flisting%2Frobert-trent-jones-golf-trail-at-hampton-cove%2F1661%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuntsville%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flyhuntsville.com/sunset-landing-golf-course/">"Sunset Landing Golf Course"</a>. FlyHSV. Retrieved December 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FlyHSV&rft.atitle=Sunset+Landing+Golf+Course&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flyhuntsville.com%2Fsunset-landing-golf-course%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuntsville%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huntsville.org/listing/sunset-landing-golf-course/1743/">"Sunset Landing Golf Course"</a>. Huntsville.org. Retrieved May 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Huntsville.org&rft.atitle=Sunset+Landing+Golf+Course&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huntsville.org%2Flisting%2Fsunset-landing-golf-course%2F1743%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuntsville%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://redstone.armymwr.com/programs/golf-course">"Links at Redstone Golf Course"</a>. redstone.armymwr.com. Retrieved December 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=redstone.armymwr.com&rft.atitle=Links+at+Redstone+Golf+Course&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fredstone.armymwr.com%2Fprograms%2Fgolf-course&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuntsville%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huntsville.org/listing/the-links-at-redstone-arsenal/770/">"The Links at Redstone Arsenal"</a>. Huntsville.org. Retrieved May 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Huntsville.org&rft.atitle=The+Links+at+Redstone+Arsenal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huntsville.org%2Flisting%2Fthe-links-at-redstone-arsenal%2F770%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuntsville%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theledges.com/About">"Huntsville, AL – Golf - The Ledges"</a>. theledges.com. 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Retrieved August 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+Census+%E2%80%93+School+District+Reference+Map%3A+Limestone+County%2C+AL&rft.pages=25+%28PDF+p.+26%2F30%29&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fmaps%2FDC2020%2FPL20%2Fst01_al%2Fschooldistrict_maps%2Fc01083_limestone%2FDC20SD_C01083.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuntsville%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st01_al/schooldistrict_maps/c01083_limestone/DC20SD_C01083_SD2MS.txt">Text list</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jp2falcons.org/">"St. John Paul II Catholic High School"</a>. jp2falcons.org. 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Retrieved December 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%94%BF%E9%A2%A8%E8%99%95&rft.atitle=%E8%87%BA%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B6%B2&rft.date=2011-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tainan.gov.tw%2Fcp.aspx%3Fn%3D5032%26Create%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuntsville%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.sistercity.info/sister-cities/Huntsville,%20Alabama.html">"Sister cities of Huntsville, Alabama — sistercity.info"</a>. en.sistercity.info. Retrieved June 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en.sistercity.info&rft.atitle=Sister+cities+of+Huntsville%2C+Alabama+%E2%80%94+sistercity.info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.sistercity.info%2Fsister-cities%2FHuntsville%2C%2520Alabama.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuntsville%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisk2019" class="citation book cs1">Fisk, Kelly Hamlin (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://louis.uah.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1627&context=huntsville-historical-review">"Historical Context"</a>. The Civil Rights Movement in Huntsville. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alabama_in_Huntsville" title="University of Alabama in Huntsville">University of Alabama in Huntsville</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Historical+Context&rft.btitle=The+Civil+Rights+Movement+in+Huntsville&rft.pub=University+of+Alabama+in+Huntsville&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Fisk&rft.aufirst=Kelly+Hamlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flouis.uah.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1627%26context%3Dhuntsville-historical-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuntsville%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunson2015" class="citation web cs1">Munson, Emily D. (May 29, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/dead-children-s-playground-2">"Dead Children's Playground"</a>. Atlas Obscura. Retrieved December 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlas+Obscura&rft.atitle=Dead+Children%27s+Playground&rft.date=2015-05-29&rft.aulast=Munson&rft.aufirst=Emily+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasobscura.com%2Fplaces%2Fdead-children-s-playground-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuntsville%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorah2021" class="citation web cs1">Norah, Jessica (April 3, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://independenttravelcats.com/things-to-do-in-huntsville-alabama-travel-guide/">"Top 20 Things to Do in Huntsville Alabama"</a>. Independent Travel Cats. Retrieved December 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Independent+Travel+Cats&rft.atitle=Top+20+Things+to+Do+in+Huntsville+Alabama&rft.date=2021-04-03&rft.aulast=Norah&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findependenttravelcats.com%2Fthings-to-do-in-huntsville-alabama-travel-guide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuntsville%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStorey2020" class="citation web cs1">Storey, Deborah (September 30, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thisisalabama.org/2020/09/30/why-huntsville-is-the-ultimate-destination-for-history-lovers/">"Why Huntsville is the ultimate destination for history lovers"</a>. This Is Alabama. Retrieved December 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=This+Is+Alabama&rft.atitle=Why+Huntsville+is+the+ultimate+destination+for+history+lovers&rft.date=2020-09-30&rft.aulast=Storey&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisisalabama.org%2F2020%2F09%2F30%2Fwhy-huntsville-is-the-ultimate-destination-for-history-lovers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuntsville%2C+Alabama" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Huntsville,_Alabama&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Alabama.svg/21px-Flag_of_Alabama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Alabama.svg/32px-Flag_of_Alabama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Alabama.svg/42px-Flag_of_Alabama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Alabama" title="Portal:Alabama">Alabama</a></li></ul></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 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.plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Huntsville,_Alabama" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville, Alabama</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Huntsville_(Alabama)#Q79860" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Huntsville (Alabama)">Huntsville, Alabama</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 Encyclopædia Britannica</a> article "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Huntsville" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Huntsville">Huntsville</a>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huntsvilleal.gov/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huntsville.org">Huntsville/Madison County Convention & Visitors Bureau</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://huntsvillehistorycollection.org">Huntsville History Collection</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Template:Huntsville, Alabama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Template talk:Huntsville, Alabama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Huntsville, Alabama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Huntsville,_Alabama" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Huntsville, Alabama</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Normal,_Alabama" title="Normal, Alabama">Normal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huntsville_City_Schools" title="Huntsville City Schools">Huntsville City Schools</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grissom_High_School_(Alabama)" title="Grissom High School (Alabama)">Grissom HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntsville_High_School_(Alabama)" title="Huntsville High School (Alabama)">Huntsville HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemison_High_School_(Huntsville,_Alabama)" title="Jemison High School (Huntsville, Alabama)">Jemison HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_High_School_(Huntsville,_Alabama)" title="Lee High School (Huntsville, Alabama)">Lee HS</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limestone_County_School_District" title="Limestone County School District">Limestone County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_County_Schools_(Alabama)" title="Madison County Schools (Alabama)">Madison County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morgan_County_School_District_(Alabama)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morgan County School District (Alabama) (page does not exist)">Morgan County School District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John_Paul_II_Catholic_High_School_(Alabama)" title="St. John Paul II Catholic High School (Alabama)">St. John Paul II Catholic HS</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_A%26M_University" title="Alabama A&M University">Alabama A&M University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Alabama_A%26M_University" title="Template:Alabama A&M University">template</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Alabama_in_Huntsville" title="University of Alabama in Huntsville">University of Alabama in Huntsville</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:University_of_Alabama_in_Huntsville" title="Template:University of Alabama in Huntsville">template</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.F._Drake_State_Community_and_Technical_College" title="J.F. Drake State Community and Technical College">J.F. Drake State Community and Technical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakwood_University" title="Oakwood University">Oakwood University</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Closed" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S._R._Butler_High_School" title="S. R. Butler High School">S. R. Butler HS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._O._Johnson_High_School" title="J. O. Johnson High School">J. O. Johnson HS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huntsville_International_Airport" title="Huntsville International Airport">Huntsville International Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_National_Bank_(Huntsville,_Alabama)" title="First National Bank (Huntsville, Alabama)">First National Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Space_%26_Rocket_Center" title="U.S. Space & Rocket Center">U.S. Space & Rocket Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huntsville_Botanical_Garden" title="Huntsville Botanical Garden">Botanical Garden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>This list is incomplete. <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Space_Flight_Center" title="Marshall Space Flight Center">Marshall Space Flight Center</a> is in an <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated area</a> near Huntsville. The vast majority of the city is in the Huntsville School District with small portions in the other three.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Limestone_County,_Alabama,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Limestone_County,_Alabama" title="Template:Limestone County, Alabama"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Limestone_County,_Alabama" title="Template talk:Limestone County, Alabama"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Limestone_County,_Alabama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Limestone County, Alabama"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Limestone_County,_Alabama,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Limestone_County,_Alabama" title="Limestone County, Alabama">Limestone County, Alabama</a>, United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seat</a>: <a href="/wiki/Athens,_Alabama" title="Athens, Alabama">Athens</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athens,_Alabama" title="Athens, Alabama">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Alabama" title="Decatur, Alabama">Decatur</a>‡</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Huntsville</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Alabama" title="Madison, Alabama">Madison</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Map_of_Alabama_highlighting_Limestone_County.svg/63px-Map_of_Alabama_highlighting_Limestone_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="63" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Map_of_Alabama_highlighting_Limestone_County.svg/95px-Map_of_Alabama_highlighting_Limestone_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Map_of_Alabama_highlighting_Limestone_County.svg/126px-Map_of_Alabama_highlighting_Limestone_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="1018" /><figcaption>Map of Alabama highlighting Limestone County</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardmore,_Alabama" title="Ardmore, Alabama">Ardmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkmont,_Alabama" title="Elkmont, Alabama">Elkmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester,_Alabama" title="Lester, Alabama">Lester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mooresville,_Alabama" title="Mooresville, Alabama">Mooresville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belle_Mina,_Alabama" title="Belle Mina, Alabama">Belle Mina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capshaw,_Alabama" title="Capshaw, Alabama">Capshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coxey,_Alabama" title="Coxey, Alabama">Coxey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Mill,_Alabama" title="French Mill, Alabama">French Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Springs,_Alabama" title="Good Springs, Alabama">Good Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenbrier,_Alabama" title="Greenbrier, Alabama">Greenbrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland_Gin,_Alabama" title="Holland Gin, Alabama">Holland Gin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_(near_Athens),_Limestone_County,_Alabama" title="Oakland (near Athens), Limestone County, Alabama">Oakland (near Athens)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_(near_Madison),_Limestone_County,_Alabama" title="Oakland (near Madison), Limestone County, Alabama">Oakland (near Madison)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pettusville,_Alabama" title="Pettusville, Alabama">Pettusville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarce_Grease,_Alabama" title="Scarce Grease, Alabama">Scarce Grease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanner,_Alabama" title="Tanner, Alabama">Tanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thach,_Alabama" title="Thach, Alabama">Thach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veto,_Alabama" title="Veto, Alabama">Veto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Alabama_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Alabama (state)">Alabama portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Madison_County,_Alabama,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Madison_County,_Alabama" title="Template:Madison County, Alabama"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Madison_County,_Alabama" title="Template talk:Madison County, Alabama"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Madison_County,_Alabama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Madison County, Alabama"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Madison_County,_Alabama,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Alabama" title="Madison County, Alabama">Madison County, Alabama</a>, United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seat</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Huntsville</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Huntsville</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Alabama" title="Madison, Alabama">Madison</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hope,_Alabama" title="New Hope, Alabama">New Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owens_Cross_Roads,_Alabama" title="Owens Cross Roads, Alabama">Owens Cross Roads</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Map_of_Alabama_highlighting_Madison_County.svg/63px-Map_of_Alabama_highlighting_Madison_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="63" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Map_of_Alabama_highlighting_Madison_County.svg/95px-Map_of_Alabama_highlighting_Madison_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Map_of_Alabama_highlighting_Madison_County.svg/126px-Map_of_Alabama_highlighting_Madison_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="1018" /><figcaption>Map of Alabama highlighting Madison County</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurley,_Alabama" title="Gurley, Alabama">Gurley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triana,_Alabama" title="Triana, Alabama">Triana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harvest,_Alabama" title="Harvest, Alabama">Harvest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazel_Green,_Alabama" title="Hazel Green, Alabama">Hazel Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridianville,_Alabama" title="Meridianville, Alabama">Meridianville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moores_Mill,_Alabama" title="Moores Mill, Alabama">Moores Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Market,_Alabama" title="New Market, Alabama">New Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redstone_Arsenal" title="Redstone Arsenal">Redstone Arsenal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Cove,_Alabama" title="Big Cove, Alabama">Big Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownsboro,_Alabama" title="Brownsboro, Alabama">Brownsboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase,_Alabama" title="Chase, Alabama">Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobbs_Island,_Alabama" title="Hobbs Island, Alabama">Hobbs Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maysville,_Alabama" title="Maysville, Alabama">Maysville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monrovia,_Alabama" title="Monrovia, Alabama">Monrovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moontown,_Alabama" title="Moontown, Alabama">Moontown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plevna,_Alabama" title="Plevna, Alabama">Plevna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poplar_Ridge,_Alabama" title="Poplar Ridge, Alabama">Poplar Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow,_Alabama" title="Rainbow, Alabama">Rainbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryland,_Alabama" title="Ryland, Alabama">Ryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toney,_Alabama" title="Toney, Alabama">Toney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Alabama_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Alabama (state)">Alabama portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Radio_stations_in_the_Huntsville,_Alabama,_metropolitan_area" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Huntsville_AL_Radio" title="Template:Huntsville AL Radio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Huntsville_AL_Radio" title="Template talk:Huntsville AL Radio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Huntsville_AL_Radio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Huntsville AL Radio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Radio_stations_in_the_Huntsville,_Alabama,_metropolitan_area" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Radio stations in the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Huntsville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huntsville_metropolitan_area" title="Huntsville metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM frequency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WUMP" title="WUMP">730</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVNN_(AM)" title="WVNN (AM)">770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHOS" title="WHOS">800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WYAM_(AM)" title="WYAM (AM)">890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WDJL" title="WDJL">1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WKAC" title="WKAC">1080</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSLV" title="WSLV">1110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBXR" title="WBXR">1140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEUV" title="WEUV">1190</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBHP" title="WBHP">1230</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAFN_(AM)" title="WAFN (AM)">1310</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWTM" title="WWTM">1400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTKI" title="WTKI">1450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIEZ_(AM)" title="WIEZ (AM)">1490</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLOR" title="WLOR">1550</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHIY" title="WHIY">1600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEUP_(AM)" title="WEUP (AM)">1700</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM frequency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WAYH" title="WAYH">88.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLRH" title="WLRH">89.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WJOU" title="WJOU">90.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WJAB" title="WJAB">90.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WYFD" class="mw-redirect" title="WYFD">91.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEUZ" title="WEUZ">92.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVNN-FM" title="WVNN-FM">92.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWFF-FM" title="WWFF-FM">93.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHRP" title="WHRP">94.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRTT-FM" title="WRTT-FM">95.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTWX-FM" title="WTWX-FM">95.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRSA-FM" title="WRSA-FM">96.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZZN" title="WZZN">97.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAHR" title="WAHR">99.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRJL-FM" title="WRJL-FM">99.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WQRV" title="WQRV">100.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WDRM" title="WDRM">102.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEUP-FM" title="WEUP-FM">103.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHVK" title="WHVK">103.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZYP" title="WZYP">104.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WQAH-FM" title="WQAH-FM">105.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTAK-FM" title="WTAK-FM">106.1</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Low-power_broadcasting" title="Low-power broadcasting">LPFM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WVMB-LP" title="WVMB-LP">107.9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_relay_station" title="Broadcast relay station">Translators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W222AK" class="mw-redirect" title="W222AK">92.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W225AH" class="mw-redirect" title="W225AH">92.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W229BL" class="mw-redirect" title="W229BL">93.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W243EP" class="mw-redirect" title="W243EP">96.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W251AC" class="mw-redirect" title="W251AC">98.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W258AU" class="mw-redirect" title="W258AU">99.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W264AI" class="mw-redirect" title="W264AI">100.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W267CG" class="mw-redirect" title="W267CG">101.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W273CX" class="mw-redirect" title="W273CX">102.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W275AA" class="mw-redirect" title="W275AA">102.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W280BA" class="mw-redirect" title="W280BA">103.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W285EN" class="mw-redirect" title="W285EN">104.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W286DF" class="mw-redirect" title="W286DF">105.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W287DH" class="mw-redirect" title="W287DH">105.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W293AH" class="mw-redirect" title="W293AH">106.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W298BZ" class="mw-redirect" title="W298BZ">107.5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NOAA_Weather_Radio" title="NOAA Weather Radio">NOAA Weather Radio</a> frequency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KIH20" class="mw-redirect" title="KIH20">162.4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/HD_Radio" title="HD Radio">Digital radio</a> by frequency & subchannel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WLRH" title="WLRH">89.3-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLRH" title="WLRH">89.3-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLRH" title="WLRH">89.3-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WDRM" title="WDRM">102.1-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBHP" title="WBHP">102.1-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WDRM" title="WDRM">102.1-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHVK" title="WHVK">103.5-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHVK" title="WHVK">103.5-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHVK" title="WHVK">103.5-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZYP" title="WZYP">104.3-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHRP" title="WHRP">104.3-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWFF-FM" title="WWFF-FM">104.3-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTAK-FM" title="WTAK-FM">106.1-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTAK-FM" title="WTAK-FM">106.1-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Call_signs_in_North_America" title="Call signs in North America">call sign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KIH20" class="mw-redirect" title="KIH20">KIH20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W222AK" class="mw-redirect" title="W222AK">W222AK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W225AH" class="mw-redirect" title="W225AH">W225AH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W229BL" class="mw-redirect" title="W229BL">W229BL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W243EP" class="mw-redirect" title="W243EP">W243EP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W251AC" class="mw-redirect" title="W251AC">W251AC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W258AU" class="mw-redirect" title="W258AU">W258AU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W264AI" class="mw-redirect" title="W264AI">W264AI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W267CG" class="mw-redirect" title="W267CG">W267CG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W273CX" class="mw-redirect" title="W273CX">W273CX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W275AA" class="mw-redirect" title="W275AA">W275AA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W280BA" class="mw-redirect" title="W280BA">W280BA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W285EN" class="mw-redirect" title="W285EN">W285EN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W286DF" class="mw-redirect" title="W286DF">W286DF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W287DH" class="mw-redirect" title="W287DH">W287DH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W293AH" class="mw-redirect" title="W293AH">W293AH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W298BZ" class="mw-redirect" title="W298BZ">W298BZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAFN_(AM)" title="WAFN (AM)">WAFN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAHR" title="WAHR">WAHR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAYH" title="WAYH">WAYH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBHP" title="WBHP">WBHP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBXR" title="WBXR">WBXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WDJL" title="WDJL">WDJL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WDRM" title="WDRM">WDRM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WBHP" title="WBHP">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WDRM" title="WDRM">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEUP_(AM)" title="WEUP (AM)">WEUP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEUP-FM" title="WEUP-FM">WEUP-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEUV" title="WEUV">WEUV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEUZ" title="WEUZ">WEUZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHIY" title="WHIY">WHIY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHOS" title="WHOS">WHOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHRP" title="WHRP">WHRP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHVK" title="WHVK">WHVK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WHVK" title="WHVK">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHVK" title="WHVK">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIEZ_(AM)" title="WIEZ (AM)">WIEZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WJAB" title="WJAB">WJAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WJOU" title="WJOU">WJOU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WKAC" title="WKAC">WKAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLOR" title="WLOR">WLOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLRH" title="WLRH">WLRH</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WLRH" title="WLRH">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WLRH" title="WLRH">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WQAH-FM" title="WQAH-FM">WQAH-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WQRV" title="WQRV">WQRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRJL-FM" title="WRJL-FM">WRJL-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRSA-FM" title="WRSA-FM">WRSA-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WRTT-FM" title="WRTT-FM">WRTT-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WSLV" title="WSLV">WSLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTAK-FM" title="WTAK-FM">WTAK-FM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WTAK-FM" title="WTAK-FM">HD2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTKI" title="WTKI">WTKI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTWX-FM" title="WTWX-FM">WTWX-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WUMP" title="WUMP">WUMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVMB-LP" title="WVMB-LP">WVMB-LP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVNN_(AM)" title="WVNN (AM)">WVNN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WVNN-FM" title="WVNN-FM">WVNN-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWFF-FM" title="WWFF-FM">WWFF-FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWTM" title="WWTM">WWTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WYAM_(AM)" title="WYAM (AM)">WYAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WYFD" class="mw-redirect" title="WYFD">WYFD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZYP" title="WZYP">WZYP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WHRP" title="WHRP">HD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWFF-FM" title="WWFF-FM">HD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZZN" title="WZZN">WZZN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WJHX" title="WJHX">WJHX (620 AM)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Nearby regions</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Anniston_Radio" title="Template:Anniston Radio">Anniston</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Birmingham_Radio" title="Template:Birmingham Radio">Birmingham</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Chattanooga_Radio" title="Template:Chattanooga Radio">Chattanooga</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Florence-Muscle_Shoals_Radio" title="Template:Florence-Muscle Shoals Radio">Florence-Muscle Shoals</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Gadsden_Radio" title="Template:Gadsden Radio">Gadsden</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Nashville_Radio" title="Template:Nashville Radio">Nashville</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Tullahoma_Radio" title="Template:Tullahoma Radio">Tullahoma-Manchester</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Tuscaloosa_Radio" title="Template:Tuscaloosa Radio">Tuscaloosa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Rome_GA_Radio" title="Template:Rome GA Radio">Rome</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Alabama" title="List of radio stations in Alabama">List of radio stations in Alabama</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Tennessee" title="List of radio stations in Tennessee">List of radio stations in Tennessee</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Largest_cities_or_towns_in_Alabama2020_U.S._census_populations" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_cities_of_Alabama" title="Template:Largest cities of Alabama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_cities_of_Alabama" title="Template talk:Largest cities of Alabama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_cities_of_Alabama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest cities of Alabama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Largest_cities_or_towns_in_Alabama2020_U.S._census_populations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Largest cities or towns in Alabama <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 U.S. census</a> populations</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Alabama">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Alabama" title="List of counties in Alabama">County</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Huntsville,_Alabama_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Huntsville"><img alt="Huntsville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Downtown_Huntsville%2C_Alabama_cropped.jpg/120px-Downtown_Huntsville%2C_Alabama_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Downtown_Huntsville%2C_Alabama_cropped.jpg/180px-Downtown_Huntsville%2C_Alabama_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Downtown_Huntsville%2C_Alabama_cropped.jpg/240px-Downtown_Huntsville%2C_Alabama_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2032" data-file-height="960" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Huntsville</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Birmingham_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Birmingham"><img alt="Birmingham" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Birmingham_panorama.jpg/120px-Birmingham_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Birmingham_panorama.jpg/180px-Birmingham_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Birmingham_panorama.jpg/240px-Birmingham_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="494" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Huntsville</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Alabama" title="Madison County, Alabama">Madison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limestone_County,_Alabama" title="Limestone County, Alabama">Limestone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morgan_County,_Alabama" title="Morgan County, Alabama">Morgan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">215,006 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Alabama_Capitol_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Montgomery"><img alt="Montgomery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Alabama_Capitol_Building.jpg/120px-Alabama_Capitol_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Alabama_Capitol_Building.jpg/180px-Alabama_Capitol_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Alabama_Capitol_Building.jpg/240px-Alabama_Capitol_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="595" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Mobile,_Alabama_Skyline_(2022).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mobile"><img alt="Mobile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Mobile%2C_Alabama_Skyline_%282022%29.jpg/120px-Mobile%2C_Alabama_Skyline_%282022%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Mobile%2C_Alabama_Skyline_%282022%29.jpg/180px-Mobile%2C_Alabama_Skyline_%282022%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Mobile%2C_Alabama_Skyline_%282022%29.jpg/240px-Mobile%2C_Alabama_Skyline_%282022%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4028" data-file-height="2014" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama" title="Mobile, Alabama">Mobile</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Alabama" title="Jefferson County, Alabama">Jefferson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shelby_County,_Alabama" title="Shelby County, Alabama">Shelby</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">200,733 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Alabama" title="Montgomery County, Alabama">Montgomery</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">200,603 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama" title="Mobile, Alabama">Mobile</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_County,_Alabama" title="Mobile County, Alabama">Mobile</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">187,041 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tuscaloosa,_Alabama" title="Tuscaloosa, Alabama">Tuscaloosa</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tuscaloosa_County,_Alabama" title="Tuscaloosa County, Alabama">Tuscaloosa</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">99,600 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hoover,_Alabama" title="Hoover, Alabama">Hoover</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Alabama" title="Jefferson County, Alabama">Jefferson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shelby_County,_Alabama" title="Shelby County, Alabama">Shelby</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">92,606 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Auburn,_Alabama" title="Auburn, Alabama">Auburn</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lee_County,_Alabama" title="Lee County, Alabama">Lee</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">76,143 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dothan,_Alabama" title="Dothan, Alabama">Dothan</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Houston_County,_Alabama" title="Houston County, Alabama">Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dale_County,_Alabama" title="Dale County, Alabama">Dale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_County,_Alabama" title="Henry County, Alabama">Henry</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">71,072 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Alabama" title="Decatur, Alabama">Decatur</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Morgan_County,_Alabama" title="Morgan County, Alabama">Morgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limestone_County,_Alabama" title="Limestone County, Alabama">Limestone</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">57,938 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Alabama" title="Madison, Alabama">Madison</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Madison_County,_Alabama" title="Madison County, Alabama">Madison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limestone_County,_Alabama" title="Limestone County, Alabama">Limestone</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">56,933 </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County_seats_of_Alabama" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alabama_county_seats" title="Template:Alabama county seats"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alabama_county_seats" title="Template talk:Alabama county seats"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alabama_county_seats" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alabama county seats"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County_seats_of_Alabama" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">County seats</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbeville,_Alabama" title="Abbeville, Alabama">Abbeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andalusia,_Alabama" title="Andalusia, Alabama">Andalusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anniston,_Alabama" title="Anniston, Alabama">Anniston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashland,_Alabama" title="Ashland, Alabama">Ashland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashville,_Alabama" title="Ashville, Alabama">Ashville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens,_Alabama" title="Athens, Alabama">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Minette,_Alabama" title="Bay Minette, Alabama">Bay Minette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama" title="Birmingham, Alabama">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewton,_Alabama" title="Brewton, Alabama">Brewton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butler,_Alabama" title="Butler, Alabama">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camden,_Alabama" title="Camden, Alabama">Camden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrollton,_Alabama" title="Carrollton, Alabama">Carrollton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre,_Alabama" title="Centre, Alabama">Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centreville,_Alabama" title="Centreville, Alabama">Centreville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatom,_Alabama" title="Chatom, Alabama">Chatom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clanton,_Alabama" title="Clanton, Alabama">Clanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton,_Alabama" title="Clayton, Alabama">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbiana,_Alabama" title="Columbiana, Alabama">Columbiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cullman,_Alabama" title="Cullman, Alabama">Cullman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadeville,_Alabama" title="Dadeville, Alabama">Dadeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decatur,_Alabama" title="Decatur, Alabama">Decatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dothan,_Alabama" title="Dothan, Alabama">Dothan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Springs,_Alabama" title="Double Springs, Alabama">Double Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elba,_Alabama" title="Elba, Alabama">Elba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise,_Alabama" title="Enterprise, Alabama">Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutaw,_Alabama" title="Eutaw, Alabama">Eutaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evergreen,_Conecuh_County,_Alabama" title="Evergreen, Conecuh County, Alabama">Evergreen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayette,_Alabama" title="Fayette, Alabama">Fayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence,_Alabama" title="Florence, Alabama">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Payne,_Alabama" title="Fort Payne, Alabama">Fort Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadsden,_Alabama" title="Gadsden, Alabama">Gadsden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva,_Alabama" title="Geneva, Alabama">Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensboro,_Alabama" title="Greensboro, Alabama">Greensboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenville,_Alabama" title="Greenville, Alabama">Greenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grove_Hill,_Alabama" title="Grove Hill, Alabama">Grove Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guntersville,_Alabama" title="Guntersville, Alabama">Guntersville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Alabama" title="Hamilton, Alabama">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayneville,_Alabama" title="Hayneville, Alabama">Hayneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heflin,_Alabama" title="Heflin, Alabama">Heflin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Huntsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper,_Alabama" title="Jasper, Alabama">Jasper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaFayette,_Alabama" title="LaFayette, Alabama">LaFayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linden,_Alabama" title="Linden, Alabama">Linden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston,_Alabama" title="Livingston, Alabama">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luverne,_Alabama" title="Luverne, Alabama">Luverne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion,_Alabama" title="Marion, Alabama">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama" title="Mobile, Alabama">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroeville,_Alabama" title="Monroeville, Alabama">Monroeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama" title="Montgomery, Alabama">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulton,_Alabama" title="Moulton, Alabama">Moulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneonta,_Alabama" title="Oneonta, Alabama">Oneonta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opelika,_Alabama" title="Opelika, Alabama">Opelika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozark,_Alabama" title="Ozark, Alabama">Ozark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pell_City,_Alabama" title="Pell City, Alabama">Pell City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenix_City,_Alabama" title="Phenix City, Alabama">Phenix City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prattville,_Alabama" title="Prattville, Alabama">Prattville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford,_Alabama" title="Rockford, Alabama">Rockford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russellville,_Alabama" title="Russellville, Alabama">Russellville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottsboro,_Alabama" title="Scottsboro, Alabama">Scottsboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma,_Alabama" title="Selma, Alabama">Selma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talladega,_Alabama" title="Talladega, Alabama">Talladega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy,_Alabama" title="Troy, Alabama">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscaloosa,_Alabama" title="Tuscaloosa, Alabama">Tuscaloosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscumbia,_Alabama" title="Tuscumbia, Alabama">Tuscumbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuskegee,_Alabama" title="Tuskegee, Alabama">Tuskegee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Springs,_Alabama" title="Union Springs, Alabama">Union Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon,_Alabama" title="Vernon, Alabama">Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedowee,_Alabama" title="Wedowee, Alabama">Wedowee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetumpka,_Alabama" title="Wetumpka, Alabama">Wetumpka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79860#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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/></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/129644878">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdcCTPcKbBGMBXwHQhWDq">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4297129-9">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79063439">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge889529&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007564355905171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/b6d574cd-df3f-41c5-9c70-11ffbde21726">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045438">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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= 2,\n [\"CITEREFGattis2022\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGattis2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGerardGaganGordon2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGray2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGray2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHansen2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaskins2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHebert2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHill2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHitt2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuntleySharman2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJordan2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKazek2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKesner2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoplowitz2022\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKroschel2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKvachEthridgeHopkinsLeberman2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaney2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLawson2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevenson2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLightfoot,_Franklin_\u0026amp;_White,_LLC2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLogan2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarshall,_Mike2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCarter2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCarter2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCarter2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKinleyBressi2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMom2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMooneyham2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMunson2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeuman2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorah2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorris\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParker2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhillipsRoberts\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPoe2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRemkus2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRice2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobinson2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRohr\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRohrChadick2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoss\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSherer2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShort2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSilverman2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSnow2010\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFStamps2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStephens2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStilwell2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStorey2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStorey2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSydney2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVollers\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWake2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWake2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoung2020\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 6,\n [\"Alabama county seats\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 12,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 28,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 273,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 24,\n [\"Coord\"] = 3,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"EB1911 poster\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 2,\n [\"GNIS\"] = 1,\n [\"Gain\"] = 1,\n [\"Huntsville radio\"] = 1,\n [\"Huntsville, Alabama\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox settlement\"] = 1,\n [\"Largest cities of Alabama\"] = 1,\n [\"Limestone County, Alabama\"] = 1,\n [\"Madison County, Alabama\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Maplink\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Nobold\"] = 1,\n [\"Not a typo\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Partial\"] = 2,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 5,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 8,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"TOC limit\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"US Census population\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikivoyage\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","460","20.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","340","14.8"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","300","13.0"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","200","8.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","180","7.8"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","140","6.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","100","4.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","60","2.6"],["makeMessage 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