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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Prehistory </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuevo_México" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuevo_México"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Nuevo México </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuevo_México-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_Spain_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Spain_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 New Spain era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Spain_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 Mexico era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Territorial_phase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territorial_phase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Territorial phase </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territorial_phase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-U.S._Civil_War,_American_Indian_Wars,_and_American_frontier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Civil_War,_American_Indian_Wars,_and_American_frontier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 U.S. Civil War, American Indian Wars, and American frontier </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._Civil_War,_American_Indian_Wars,_and_American_frontier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statehood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statehood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Statehood </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statehood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Flora and fauna </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Conservation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_forests_in_New_Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_forests_in_New_Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 National forests in New Mexico </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_forests_in_New_Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_parks_in_New_Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_parks_in_New_Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2 National parks in New Mexico </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_parks_in_New_Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_conservation_lands_in_New_Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_conservation_lands_in_New_Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.3 National conservation lands in New Mexico </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_conservation_lands_in_New_Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_wildlife_refuges_in_New_Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_wildlife_refuges_in_New_Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.4 National wildlife refuges in New Mexico </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_wildlife_refuges_in_New_Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_parks_in_New_Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_parks_in_New_Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.5 State parks in New Mexico </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_parks_in_New_Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_nature_reserves_in_New_Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_nature_reserves_in_New_Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.6 Other nature reserves in New Mexico </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_nature_reserves_in_New_Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Environmental issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Settlements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Settlements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Population </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Race_and_ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Race_and_ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Race and ethnicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Race_and_ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Immigration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Official_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.1 Official language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oil_and_gas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oil_and_gas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Oil and gas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oil_and_gas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Arts and entertainment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Technology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture_and_food_production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture_and_food_production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Agriculture and food production </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture_and_food_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economic_incentives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_incentives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6.1 Economic incentives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_incentives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6.2 Taxation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wealth_and_poverty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wealth_and_poverty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Wealth and poverty </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wealth_and_poverty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Transportation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transportation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Road </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Highways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Highways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Highways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Highways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Rail </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aerospace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aerospace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Aerospace </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aerospace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Spaceport_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spaceport_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4.1 Spaceport America </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spaceport_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Government and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Governmental_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governmental_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Governmental structure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governmental_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Female_minority_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Female_minority_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.1 Female minority representation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Female_minority_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Local government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Law </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiscal_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiscal_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Fiscal policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiscal_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_and_secondary_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Primary and secondary education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_and_secondary_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postsecondary_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postsecondary_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Postsecondary education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postsecondary_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Major_flagship_(R1)_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_flagship_(R1)_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2.1 Major flagship (R1) universities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_flagship_(R1)_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_state_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_state_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2.2 Regional state universities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_state_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lottery_scholarship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lottery_scholarship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2.3 Lottery scholarship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lottery_scholarship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opportunity_scholarship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opportunity_scholarship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2.4 Opportunity scholarship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opportunity_scholarship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art,_literature,_and_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art,_literature,_and_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Art, literature, and media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art,_literature,_and_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historic_heritage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_heritage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 Historic heritage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_heritage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.6 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Further reading subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Primary sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle External links subsection </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-State_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 State government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 Federal government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.3 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">New Mexico</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 191 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-191" aria-hidden="true" > 191 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieu-Meksiko" title="Nieu-Meksiko – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nieu-Meksiko" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%8D_%E1%88%9C%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B2%E1%8A%AE" title="ኒው ሜክሲኮ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኒው ሜክሲኮ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%ABwe_Mexico" title="Nīwe Mexico – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Nīwe Mexico" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88" title="نيومكسيكو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيومكسيكو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuevo_Mexico" title="Nuevo Mexico – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Nuevo Mexico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%98_%DC%A1%DC%9D%DC%9F%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%9F%DC%98" title="ܢܝܘ ܡܝܟܣܝܟܘ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܢܝܘ ܡܝܟܣܝܟܘ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%A9l-Mexique" title="Novél-Mexique – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Novél-Mexique" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuevu_M%C3%A9xicu" title="Nuevu Méxicu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nuevu Méxicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9hiko_Pyahu" title="Méhiko Pyahu – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Méhiko Pyahu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_M%C3%AFxiku_suyu" title="New Mïxiku suyu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="New Mïxiku suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyu-Meksiko" title="Nyu-Meksiko – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nyu-Meksiko" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="نیومکزیکو ایالتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیومکزیکو ایالتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B" title="নিউ মেক্সিকো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিউ মেক্সিকো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нью-Мексіка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нью-Мексіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нью-Мэксыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нью-Мэксыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="न्यू मैक्सिको – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="न्यू मैक्सिको" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Mehiko" title="Nueva Mehiko – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Nueva Mehiko" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niu_Mexico" title="Niu Mexico – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Niu Mexico" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8E_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Ню Мексико – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ню Мексико" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neimexiko" title="Neimexiko – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Neimexiko" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="མེག་སི་ཀོ་གསར་མ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མེག་སི་ཀོ་གསར་མ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novi_Meksiko" title="Novi Meksiko – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Novi Meksiko" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Нью-Мексико – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Нью-Мексико" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nou_M%C3%A8xic" title="Nou Mèxic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nou Mèxic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%95%D0%BD%C4%95_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Çĕнĕ Мексика – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çĕнĕ Мексика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%A9_Mexiko" title="Nové Mexiko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nové Mexiko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novu_Messicu" title="Novu Messicu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Novu Messicu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecsico_Newydd" title="Mecsico Newydd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mecsico Newydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88" title="نيو ميكسيكو – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نيو ميكسيكو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nei_Mexico" title="Nei Mexico – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Nei Mexico" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoot%C3%B3_Hahoodzo" title="Yootó Hahoodzo – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Yootó Hahoodzo" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%BF_%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C" title="Νέο Μεξικό – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νέο Μεξικό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8sic_N%C3%B3%E1%B9%BF" title="Mèsic Nóṿ – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Mèsic Nóṿ" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Nuevo México – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nuevo México" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov-Meksiko" title="Nov-Meksiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nov-Meksiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexiko_Berria" title="Mexiko Berria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mexiko Berria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88" title="نیومکزیکو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیومکزیکو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouveau-Mexique" title="Nouveau-Mexique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nouveau-Mexique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nij-Meksiko" title="Nij-Meksiko – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Nij-Meksiko" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nua-Mheicsiceo" title="Nua-Mheicsiceo – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nua-Mheicsiceo" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meagsago_Nuadh" title="Meagsago Nuadh – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Meagsago Nuadh" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Novo México – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Novo México" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%DB%8A%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B2%D9%8A%DA%A9%D8%A4" title="نيۊمکزيکؤ – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="نيۊمکزيکؤ" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BF_%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8D%89" title="𐌽𐌹𐌿 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌺𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍉 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌽𐌹𐌿 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌺𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍉" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%89%B4%EB%A9%95%EC%8B%9C%EC%BD%94%EC%A3%BC" title="뉴멕시코주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뉴멕시코주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C5%AB_Mekiko" title="Nū Mekiko – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Nū Mekiko" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B8" title="Նյու Մեքսիկո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նյու Մեքսիկո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="न्यू मेक्सिको – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="न्यू मेक्सिको" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novi_Meksiko" title="Novi Meksiko – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Novi Meksiko" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova-Mexikia" title="Nova-Mexikia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nova-Mexikia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BA_M%C3%A9z%C3%ADk%E1%BB%8D" title="Nú Mézíkọ – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Nú Mézíkọ" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B" title="নিউ মেক্সিকো – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="নিউ মেক্সিকো" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov-Mexico" title="Nov-Mexico – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Nov-Mexico" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutaaq_Maksikuu" title="Nutaaq Maksikuu – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Nutaaq Maksikuu" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Нью-Мексико – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Нью-Мексико" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/INyumeksikho" title="INyumeksikho – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="INyumeksikho" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BDja-Mex%C3%ADk%C3%B3" title="Nýja-Mexíkó – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nýja-Mexíkó" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuovo_Messico" title="Nuovo Messico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nuovo Messico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95" title="ניו מקסיקו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניו מקסיקו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niwu_M%C9%9Bksikii" title="Niwu Mɛksikii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Niwu Mɛksikii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D" title="ნიუ-მექსიკო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიუ-მექსიკო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Нью-Мексико – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нью-Мексико" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meksiko_Nowydh" title="Meksiko Nowydh – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Meksiko Nowydh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouvo_Meksik" title="Nouvo Meksik – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Nouvo Meksik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BB_Meks%C3%AEk" title="Nû Meksîk – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nû Meksîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Нью-Мексико (штат) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нью-Мексико (штат)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Нью-Мексико – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Нью-Мексико" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muevo_Meksiko" title="Muevo Meksiko – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Muevo Meksiko" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novum_Mexicum" title="Novum Mexicum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Novum Mexicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%85%C5%ABmeksika" title="Ņūmeksika – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ņūmeksika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naujoji_Meksika" title="Naujoji Meksika – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Naujoji Meksika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuvo_M%C3%A9scico" title="Neuvo Méscico – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Neuvo Méscico" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B6v_Messich" title="Növ Messich – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Növ Messich" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Aj-Mexik%C3%B3" title="Új-Mexikó – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Új-Mexikó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="न्यू मेक्सिको – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="न्यू मेक्सिको" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Ново Мексико – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ново Мексико" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B" title="ന്യൂ മെക്സിക്കോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ന്യൂ മെക്സിക്കോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niu_M%C4%93hiko" title="Niu Mēhiko – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Niu Mēhiko" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="न्यू मेक्सिको – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="न्यू मेक्सिको" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D" title="ნიუ-მექსიკო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნიუ-მექსიკო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88" title="نيو ميكسيكو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيو ميكسيكو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88" title="نیومکزیکو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نیومکزیکو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A8_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9B%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3" title="ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯀꯣ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯀꯣ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Нью-Мексико – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нью-Мексико" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%86%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="နယူးမက္ကဆီကိုပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နယူးမက္ကဆီကိုပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niej-Mexiko" title="Niej-Mexiko – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Niej-Mexiko" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="नयाँ मेक्सिको – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नयाँ मेक्सिको" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="न्यु मेक्सिको – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="न्यु मेक्सिको" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A1%E3%82%AD%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B3%E5%B7%9E" title="ニューメキシコ州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニューメキシコ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Нью-Мексико – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Нью-Мексико" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B2u_Mexic" title="Nòu Mexic – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nòu Mexic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Нью-Мексико – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Нью-Мексико" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyu-Meksiko" title="Nyu-Meksiko – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nyu-Meksiko" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B" title="ਨਿਊ ਮੈਕਸੀਕੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਿਊ ਮੈਕਸੀਕੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="न्हु मेक्सिको – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="न्हु मेक्सिको" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88" title="نیو میکسیکو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیو میکسیکو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88" title="نیو مکسیکو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نیو مکسیکو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouvieu-Messike" title="Nouvieu-Messike – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Nouvieu-Messike" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuv_M%C3%A9ssich" title="Neuv Méssich – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Neuv Méssich" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nee-Mexiko" title="Nee-Mexiko – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Nee-Mexiko" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowy_Meksyk" title="Nowy Meksyk – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nowy Meksyk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Novo México – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Novo México" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyu_Meksiko" title="Nyu Meksiko – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Nyu Meksiko" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musuq_Mishiku_suyu" title="Musuq Mishiku suyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Musuq Mishiku suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Нью-Мексико – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нью-Мексико" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Нью Мексико – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Нью Мексико" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niu_Mekisik%C5%8D" title="Niu Mekisikō – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Niu Mekisikō" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="न्‍यू मेक्‍सिको – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="न्‍यू मेक्‍सिको" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nou_M%C3%A8ssicu" title="Nou Mèssicu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Nou Mèssicu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nju_Meksiko" title="Nju Meksiko – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nju Meksiko" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9D%E0%B7%80" title="නිව් මෙක්සිකෝව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නිව් මෙක්සිකෝව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%8A%DA%AA%D8%B3%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%88" title="نيو ميڪسيڪو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نيو ميڪسيڪو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%A9_Mexiko" title="Nové Mexiko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nové Mexiko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Mehika" title="Nova Mehika – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nova Mehika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowy_Meksyk" title="Nowy Meksyk – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Nowy Meksyk" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meksiko_Cusub" title="Meksiko Cusub – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Meksiko Cusub" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%86" title="نیومەکسیکۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نیومەکسیکۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8A%D1%83_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Њу Мексико – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Њу Мексико" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novi_Meksiko" title="Novi Meksiko – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Novi Meksiko" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B" title="நியூ மெக்சிகோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நியூ மெக்சிகோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miksik_Amaynut" title="Miksik Amaynut – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Miksik Amaynut" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Нью-Мексико – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Нью-Мексико" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81" title="รัฐนิวเม็กซิโก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐนิวเม็กซิโก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8E-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Ню-Мексико – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ню-Мексико" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%86%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%A4%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%9B%E1%8E%A2" title="ᏍᏆᏂᏤᏍᏛᎢ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏍᏆᏂᏤᏍᏛᎢ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Нью-Мексико – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нью-Мексико" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88" title="نیو میکسیکو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیو میکسیکو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%A9ngi_M%C3%A9ksika_Shitati" title="Yéngi Méksika Shitati – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Yéngi Méksika Shitati" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novo_M%C3%A8sego" title="Novo Mèsego – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Novo Mèsego" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nula%E2%B8%97M%C3%A4xik%C3%A4n" title="Nula⸗Mäxikän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Nula⸗Mäxikän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E5%B7%9E" title="新墨西哥州 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="新墨西哥州" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E5%B7%9E" title="新墨西哥州 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="新墨西哥州" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90" title="ניו מעקסיקא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ניו מעקסיקא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titun_M%E1%BA%B9%CC%81ks%C3%ADk%C3%B2" title="Titun Mẹ́ksíkò – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Titun Mẹ́ksíkò" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E5%B7%9E" title="新墨西哥州 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="新墨西哥州" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauja_Meks%C4%97ka" title="Nauja Meksėka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Nauja Meksėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E5%B7%9E" title="新墨西哥州 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="新墨西哥州" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="New Mexico" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nju_Meksiko" title="Nju Meksiko – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Nju Meksiko" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">U.S. state</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the U.S. state. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="New Mexico (disambiguation)">New Mexico (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Very_long plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-very_long" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article may be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">too long</a> to read and navigate comfortably. When this tag was added, its <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SIZERULE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SIZERULE">readable prose size</a> was 19,000 words. Consider <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Splitting">splitting</a> content into sub-articles, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">condensing</a> it, or adding <a href="/wiki/Help:Section#Subsections" title="Help:Section">subheadings</a>. Please discuss this issue on the article's <a href="/wiki/Talk:New_Mexico" title="Talk:New Mexico">talk page</a>. (June 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in the United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">New Mexico</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Nuevo México (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>)</li><li>Yootó Hahoodzo (<a href="/wiki/Navajo_language" title="Navajo language">Navajo</a>)</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of New Mexico"><img alt="Flag of New Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg/250px-Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_New_Mexico" title="Flag of New Mexico">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_New_Mexico.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of New Mexico"><img alt="Official seal of New Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Seal_of_New_Mexico.svg/120px-Seal_of_New_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="99" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Seal_of_New_Mexico.svg/250px-Seal_of_New_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="720" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_New_Mexico" title="Seal of New Mexico">Seal</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_nicknames" title="List of U.S. state and territory nicknames">Nickname</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">The Land of Enchantment</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_mottos" title="List of U.S. state and territory mottos">Motto</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/Crescit_eundo" class="mw-redirect" title="Crescit eundo">Crescit eundo</a> (It grows as it goes)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_songs" title="List of U.S. state songs">Anthem:</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/O_Fair_New_Mexico" title="O Fair New Mexico">O Fair New Mexico</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/As%C3%AD_Es_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Así Es Nuevo México">Así Es Nuevo México</a>"</li><li><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="62" data-mwtitle=""O_Fair_New_Mexico"_-_Regional_anthem_of_New_Mexico.oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/%22O_Fair_New_Mexico%22_-_Regional_anthem_of_New_Mexico.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/%22O_Fair_New_Mexico%22_-_Regional_anthem_of_New_Mexico.oga/%22O_Fair_New_Mexico%22_-_Regional_anthem_of_New_Mexico.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio><figcaption></figcaption></figure></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Mexico_in_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of New Mexico within the United States"><img alt="Location of New Mexico within the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/New_Mexico_in_United_States.svg/300px-New_Mexico_in_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/New_Mexico_in_United_States.svg/450px-New_Mexico_in_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/New_Mexico_in_United_States.svg/600px-New_Mexico_in_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of New Mexico within the United States</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before statehood</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Nuevo México</a> (1598–1848)</li><li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">New Mexico Territory</a> (1850–1912)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">Admitted to the Union</a></th><td class="infobox-data">January 6, 1912 (47th)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">Capital</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of largest cities of U.S. states and territories by population">Largest city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_most_populous_counties_by_U.S._state" title="List of the most populous counties by U.S. state">Largest county or equivalent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bernalillo_County,_New_Mexico" title="Bernalillo County, New Mexico">Bernalillo</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Statistical_area_(United_States)" title="Statistical area (United States)">Largest metro</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">urban</a> areas</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_metropolitan_area" title="Albuquerque metropolitan area">Albuquerque metropolitan area</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Mexico" title="Governor of New Mexico">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Lujan_Grisham" title="Michelle Lujan Grisham">Michelle Lujan Grisham</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_Mexico" title="Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico">Lieutenant Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Howie_Morales" title="Howie Morales">Howie Morales</a> (D)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Legislature" title="New Mexico Legislature">New Mexico Legislature</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Senate" title="New Mexico Senate">Senate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_House_of_Representatives" title="New Mexico House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Supreme_Court" title="New Mexico Supreme Court">New Mexico Supreme Court</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_Mexico" title="List of United States senators from New Mexico">U.S. senators</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heinrich" title="Martin Heinrich">Martin Heinrich</a> (D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Ray_Luj%C3%A1n" title="Ben Ray Luján">Ben Ray Luján</a> (D)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_New_Mexico" title="List of United States representatives from New Mexico">U.S. House delegation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="New Mexico's 1st congressional district">1</a>: <a href="/wiki/Melanie_Stansbury" title="Melanie Stansbury">Melanie Stansbury</a> (D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="New Mexico's 2nd congressional district">2</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gabe_Vasquez" title="Gabe Vasquez">Gabe Vasquez</a> (D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="New Mexico's 3rd congressional district">3</a>: <a href="/wiki/Teresa_Leger_Fernandez" title="Teresa Leger Fernandez">Teresa Leger Fernandez</a> (D)</li></ul> </div> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_New_Mexico" title="United States congressional delegations from New Mexico">list</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">121,591<a href="#cite_note-uscensus2010_cph-2-1_area-1">[1]</a> sq mi (314,915 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">121,298<a href="#cite_note-uscensus2010_cph-2-1_area-1">[1]</a> sq mi (314,161 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">292<a href="#cite_note-uscensus2010_cph-2-1_area-1">[1]</a> sq mi (757 km2)  0.24%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">5th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Dimensions<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Length</th><td class="infobox-data">371 mi (596 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Width</th><td class="infobox-data">344 mi (552 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,701 ft (1,741 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Wheeler_Peak_(New_Mexico)" title="Wheeler Peak (New Mexico)">Wheeler Peak</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-USGS-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-NAVD88-4">[Note 1]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">13,161 ft (4,011.4 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Red_Bluff_Reservoir" title="Red Bluff Reservoir">Red Bluff Reservoir</a> on Texas border<a href="#cite_note-USGS-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-NAVD88-4">[Note 1]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,845 ft (868 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2024)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 2,130,256<a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">36th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">17.2/sq mi (6.62/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States_by_population_density" title="List of states and territories of the United States by population density">45th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Median household income</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$62,300 (2023)<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Income rank<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_income#States_and_territories_ranked_by_median_household_income" title="List of U.S. states and territories by income">43rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">New Mexican (Spanish: Neomexicano, Neomejicano, Nuevo Mexicano)<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Language<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Official language</a></th><td class="infobox-data">None</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Spoken language</a></th><td class="infobox-data">English, Spanish (<a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_Spanish" title="New Mexican Spanish">New Mexican</a>), <a href="/wiki/Navajo_language" title="Navajo language">Navajo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keres_language" title="Keres language">Keres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zuni_language" title="Zuni language">Zuni</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9207:00" title="UTC−07:00">UTC−07:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mountain_Time_Zone" title="Mountain Time Zone">Mountain</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9206:00" title="UTC−06:00">UTC−06:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mountain_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain Daylight Time">MDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations" title="List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations">USPS abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">NM</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:US" title="ISO 3166-2:US">US-NM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations" title="List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations">Traditional abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">N.M., N.Mex.</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Latitude</th><td class="infobox-data">31°20′ N to 37°N</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Longitude</th><td class="infobox-data">103° W to 109°3′ W</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nm.gov">nm.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style><table class="infobox ib-region-symbols"><caption class="infobox-title">State symbols of New Mexico</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:85%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Mexico_state_symbols" title="List of New Mexico state symbols">List of state symbols</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Living insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_birds" title="List of U.S. state birds">Bird</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greater_roadrunner" title="Greater roadrunner">Greater roadrunner</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fish" title="List of U.S. state fish">Fish</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_cutthroat_trout" title="Rio Grande cutthroat trout">Rio Grande cutthroat trout</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_flowers" title="List of U.S. state and territory flowers">Flower</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yucca" title="Yucca">Yucca</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_grasses" title="List of U.S. state grasses">Grass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bouteloua_gracilis" title="Bouteloua gracilis">Blue grama</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_insects" title="List of U.S. state insects">Insect</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tarantula_hawk" title="Tarantula hawk">Tarantula Hawk Wasp</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_mammals" title="List of U.S. state mammals">Mammal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">American black bear</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_reptiles" title="List of U.S. state reptiles">Reptile</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_whiptail" title="New Mexico whiptail">New Mexico whiptail</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_trees" title="List of U.S. state and territory trees">Tree</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pinus_edulis" title="Pinus edulis">Two-needle piñon</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Inanimate insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_colors" title="List of U.S. state colors">Color</a>(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Red and yellow</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_foods" title="List of U.S. state foods">Food</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_chile" title="New Mexico chile">Chile peppers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinto_beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinto beans">pinto beans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Biscochitos" class="mw-redirect" title="Biscochitos">biscochitos</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fossils" title="List of U.S. state fossils">Fossil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coelophysis" title="Coelophysis">Coelophysis</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_minerals,_rocks,_stones_and_gemstones" title="List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones">Gemstone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Turquoise" title="Turquoise">Turquoise</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other</th><td class="infobox-data">The smell of roasting green chile<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Numbered_highways_in_the_United_States#State_highways" title="Numbered highways in the United States">State route marker</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Mexico_120.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Route marker"><img alt="Route marker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/New_Mexico_120.svg/85px-New_Mexico_120.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/New_Mexico_120.svg/128px-New_Mexico_120.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/New_Mexico_120.svg/170px-New_Mexico_120.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="750" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/50_State_quarters" title="50 State quarters">State quarter</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:2008_NM_Proof.png" class="mw-file-description" title="New Mexico quarter dollar coin"><img alt="New Mexico quarter dollar coin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/2008_NM_Proof.png/85px-2008_NM_Proof.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/2008_NM_Proof.png/127px-2008_NM_Proof.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/2008_NM_Proof.png/169px-2008_NM_Proof.png 2x" data-file-width="1064" data-file-height="1069" /></a><div>Released in 2008</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_United_States_state_symbols" title="Lists of United States state symbols">Lists of United States state symbols</a></td></tr></tbody></table> New Mexico<a href="#cite_note-10">[a]</a> is a state in the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern</a> region of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. It is one of the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain States">Mountain States</a> of the southern <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a>, sharing the <a href="/wiki/Four_Corners" title="Four Corners">Four Corners</a> region with <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>. It also borders the state of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> to the east and southeast, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> to the northeast, and shares <a href="/wiki/Mexico-United_States_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexico-United States border">an international border</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican states">Mexican states</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sonora" title="Sonora">Sonora</a> to the south. New Mexico's largest city is <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque" class="mw-redirect" title="Albuquerque">Albuquerque</a>, and its <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">state capital</a> is <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a>, the oldest state capital in the U.S., founded in 1610 as the government seat of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Nuevo México</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a>, as well as the highest at 6,998 feet (2,133 m). New Mexico is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">fifth-largest of the fifty states</a> by area, but with just over 2.1 million residents, ranks <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">36th in population</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population density">45th in population density</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[9]</a> Its climate and geography are highly varied, ranging from forested mountains to sparse deserts; the <a href="/wiki/Northern_New_Mexico" title="Northern New Mexico">northern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_New_Mexico" title="Eastern New Mexico">eastern regions</a> exhibit a colder <a href="/wiki/Alpine_climate" title="Alpine climate">alpine climate</a>, while the west and south are warmer and <a href="/wiki/Desert_climate" title="Desert climate">more arid</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Valley_(New_Mexico)" title="Rio Grande Valley (New Mexico)">its fertile valley</a> runs from north-to-south, creating a <a href="/wiki/Riparian_zone" title="Riparian zone">riparian</a> biome through the <a href="/wiki/Central_New_Mexico" title="Central New Mexico">center of the state</a> that supports a <a href="/wiki/Bosque" title="Bosque">bosque</a> habitat and distinct <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_Basin" title="Albuquerque Basin">Albuquerque Basin</a> climate. One-third of New Mexico's land is federally owned, and the state hosts many protected wilderness areas and 15 <a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System" title="List of areas in the United States National Park System">national parks</a> and monuments, including <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_States" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United States">three UNESCO World Heritage Sites</a>, the most of any U.S. state.<a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_Mexico" title="Economy of New Mexico">New Mexico's economy</a> is highly diversified, including <a href="/wiki/Ranch" title="Ranch">cattle ranching</a>, agriculture, lumber, scientific and technological research, tourism, and the arts; major sectors include mining, oil and gas, aerospace, <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Media in Albuquerque, New Mexico">media</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_shot_in_New_Mexico" title="List of films shot in New Mexico">film.</a><a href="#cite_note-Sector_2014-13">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vickers_2012-14">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Forbes_2019-15">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a> Its total <a href="/wiki/Real_gross_domestic_product" title="Real gross domestic product">real gross domestic product</a> (GDP) in 2023 was over $105 billion, with a GDP per capita of $49,879.<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_New_Mexico" title="Taxation in New Mexico">State tax policy</a> is characterized by low to moderate taxation of resident personal income by national standards, with tax credits, exemptions, and special considerations for military personnel and favorable industries. New Mexico has a significant <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">U.S. military</a> presence,<a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> including <a href="/wiki/White_Sands_Missile_Range" title="White Sands Missile Range">White Sands Missile Range</a>, <a href="/wiki/KUMMSC" class="mw-redirect" title="KUMMSC">KUMMSC</a>, and strategically valuable federal research centers, such as the <a href="/wiki/Sandia_National_Laboratories" title="Sandia National Laboratories">Sandia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratories</a>. The state hosted several <a href="/wiki/Project_Y" title="Project Y">key facilities</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a>, which developed the world's first <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">atomic bomb</a>, and was the site of the first nuclear test, <a href="/wiki/Trinity_(nuclear_test)" title="Trinity (nuclear test)">Trinity</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">prehistoric times</a>, New Mexico was home to <a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloans" title="Ancestral Puebloans">Ancestral Puebloans</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mogollon_culture" title="Mogollon culture">Mogollon</a> culture, and <a href="/wiki/Ute_people#Ute_ancestral_lands_and_culture" title="Ute people">ancestral Ute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Navajo" title="Navajo">Navajos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jicarilla_Apache" title="Jicarilla Apache">Apaches</a> arrived in the late 15th century and the <a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanches</a> in the early 18th century. The <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_peoples" title="Pueblo peoples">Pueblo peoples</a> occupied several dozen villages, primarily in the Rio Grande valley of northern New Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish explorers and settlers</a> arrived in the 16th century from present-day Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-Hendricks_2015_pp._427–428-22">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-516_ARTS-23">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Levin_Rojo_2002-24">[22]</a> Isolated by its rugged terrain, New Mexico was a <a href="/wiki/Periphery_countries" title="Periphery countries">peripheral</a> part of the <a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">viceroyalty</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> dominated by <a href="/wiki/Comancheria" title="Comancheria">Comancheria</a>. Following <a href="/wiki/Mexican_War_of_Independence" title="Mexican War of Independence">Mexican independence</a> in 1821, it became an <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">autonomous region</a> of Mexico, albeit increasingly threatened by the centralizing policies of the Mexican government, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_1837_(New_Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolt of 1837 (New Mexico)">Revolt of 1837</a>; at the same time, New Mexico became more economically dependent on the U.S. Following the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a> in 1848, the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Cession" title="Mexican Cession">annexed New Mexico</a> as part of the larger <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">New Mexico Territory</a>. It played a central role in <a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">U.S. westward expansion</a> and was <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_Union" title="Admission to the Union">admitted to the Union</a> as the 47th state on January 6, 1912. New Mexico's history contributed to its <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Mexico" title="Culture of New Mexico">unique culture</a>. It is one of only seven <a href="/wiki/Majority_minority_in_the_United_States" title="Majority minority in the United States">majority-minority states</a>, with the nation's highest percentage of <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino Americans</a> and second-highest percentage of Native Americans, after <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>.<a href="#cite_note-demo-25">[23]</a> The state is home to one–third of the <a href="/wiki/Navajo_Nation" title="Navajo Nation">Navajo Nation</a>, 19 <a href="/wiki/List_of_federally_recognized_tribes_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of federally recognized tribes in the United States">federally recognized</a> <a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo communities</a>, and three federally recognized <a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a> tribes. Its large Latino population includes <a href="/wiki/Hispanos_of_New_Mexico" title="Hispanos of New Mexico">Hispanos</a> descended from settlers during the <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">Spanish era</a>,<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> and later groups of <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican Americans</a> since the 19th century. The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_New_Mexico" title="Flag of New Mexico">New Mexican flag</a>, which is among the most recognizable in the U.S.,<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> reflects the state's eclectic origins, featuring the ancient sun symbol of the <a href="/wiki/Zia_people_(New_Mexico)" title="Zia people (New Mexico)">Zia</a>, a Puebloan tribe, with the scarlet and gold coloration of the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Spain" title="Flag of Spain">Spanish flag</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> The confluence of indigenous, Hispanic (Spanish and Mexican), and <a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">American</a> influences is also evident in New Mexico's <a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">unique cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_Spanish" title="New Mexican Spanish">Spanish dialect</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_music" title="New Mexico music">folk music</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revival_architecture" title="Pueblo Revival architecture">Pueblo Revival</a> and <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Style" title="Territorial Style">Territorial styles of architecture</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> New Mexico received its name long before the present-day country of Mexico won independence from Spain and adopted that name in 1821. The name "Mexico" derives from <a href="/wiki/Nahuatl" title="Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a> and originally referred to the heartland of the <a href="/wiki/Mexica" title="Mexica">Mexica</a>, the rulers of the <a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec Empire</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Mexico" title="Valley of Mexico">Valley of Mexico</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> Following their <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">conquest of the Aztecs</a> in the early 16th century, the Spanish began exploring what is now the Southwestern United States calling it Nuevo México. In 1581, the <a href="/wiki/Chamuscado_and_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Expedition" title="Chamuscado and Rodríguez Expedition">Chamuscado and Rodríguez Expedition</a> named the region north of the Rio Grande San Felipe del Nuevo México.<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a> The Spaniards had hoped to find wealthy indigenous cultures similar to the Mexica. The indigenous cultures of New Mexico, however, proved to be unrelated to the Mexica and lacking in riches, but the name persisted.<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a> Before statehood in 1912, the name "New Mexico" loosely applied to various configurations of territories in the same general area, which <a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_New_Mexico" title="Territorial evolution of New Mexico">evolved throughout the Spanish, Mexican, and U.S. periods</a>, but typically encompassed most of present-day New Mexico along with sections of neighboring states.<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Mexico" title="History of New Mexico">History of New Mexico</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_Mexico_history" title="Timeline of New Mexico history">Timeline of New Mexico history</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_New_Mexico" title="Territorial evolution of New Mexico">Territorial evolution of New Mexico</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Anasazi,_Hohokam_and_Mogollon_cultures-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Map_Anasazi%2C_Hohokam_and_Mogollon_cultures-en.svg/220px-Map_Anasazi%2C_Hohokam_and_Mogollon_cultures-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Map_Anasazi%2C_Hohokam_and_Mogollon_cultures-en.svg/330px-Map_Anasazi%2C_Hohokam_and_Mogollon_cultures-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Map_Anasazi%2C_Hohokam_and_Mogollon_cultures-en.svg/440px-Map_Anasazi%2C_Hohokam_and_Mogollon_cultures-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="1122" /></a><figcaption>Ancestral Pueblo territory shown in pink over New Mexico</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3></div> The first known inhabitants of New Mexico were members of the <a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis culture</a> of <a href="/wiki/Paleo-Indians" title="Paleo-Indians">Paleo-Indians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Murphy_2000-36">[34]</a>: 19  Footprints discovered in 2017 suggest that humans may have been present in the region as long ago as 21,000–23,000 BC.<a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> Later inhabitants include the <a href="/wiki/Mogollon_culture" title="Mogollon culture">Mogollon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloans" title="Ancestral Puebloans">Ancestral Pueblo</a> cultures, which are characterized by sophisticated pottery work and urban development;<a href="#cite_note-Simmons_1988-38">[36]</a>: 52  <a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">pueblos</a> or their remnants, like those at <a href="/wiki/Acoma_Pueblo" title="Acoma Pueblo">Acoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taos_Pueblo" title="Taos Pueblo">Taos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chaco_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Chaco Culture National Historical Park">Chaco Culture National Historical Park</a>, indicate the scale of <a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloan_dwellings" title="Ancestral Puebloan dwellings">Ancestral Puebloan dwellings</a> within the area. These cultures form part of the broader <a href="/wiki/Oasisamerica" title="Oasisamerica">Oasisamerica</a> region of pre-Columbian North America. The vast trade networks of the Ancestral Puebloans led to legends throughout <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec Empire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mexica" title="Mexica">Mexico</a>) of an unseen northern empire that rivaled their own, which they called Yancuic Mexico, literally translated as "a new Mexico". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuevo_México">Nuevo México</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Spain_era">New Spain era</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Seven_Golden_Cities_of_Cibola" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Golden Cities of Cibola">Seven Golden Cities of Cibola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Santa Fe de Nuevo México</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_peace_treaties_with_the_Comanche" title="Spanish peace treaties with the Comanche">Spanish peace treaties with the Comanche</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_Po%E2%80%99pay_Statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_Po%E2%80%99pay_Statue.jpg/170px-Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_Po%E2%80%99pay_Statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_Po%E2%80%99pay_Statue.jpg/255px-Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_Po%E2%80%99pay_Statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_Po%E2%80%99pay_Statue.jpg/340px-Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_Po%E2%80%99pay_Statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1449" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Statue of <a href="/wiki/Pop%C3%A9" title="Popé">Popé</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revolt" title="Pueblo Revolt">Pueblo Revolt of 1680.</a> The statue, entitled <a href="/wiki/Po%27pay_(Fragua)" class="mw-redirect" title="Po'pay (Fragua)">Po'pay</a>, is among two statues depicting New Mexicans at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Statuary_Hall_Collection" title="National Statuary Hall Collection">National Statuary Hall Collection</a>, the other being <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Dennis Chávez">Dennis Chávez</a>.</figcaption></figure> Aztec legends of a prosperous empire to their north became the primary basis for the mythical <a href="/wiki/Seven_Cities_of_Gold" title="Seven Cities of Gold">Seven Cities of Gold</a>, which spurred exploration by Spanish <a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador">conquistadors</a> following their <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">conquest of the Aztecs</a> in the early 16th century; prominent explorers included <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvar_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_Cabeza_de_Vaca" title="Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca">Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Dorantes_de_Carranza" title="Andrés Dorantes de Carranza">Andrés Dorantes de Carranza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alonso_del_Castillo_Maldonado" title="Alonso del Castillo Maldonado">Alonso del Castillo Maldonado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estevanico" title="Estevanico">Estevanico</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marcos_de_Niza" title="Marcos de Niza">Marcos de Niza</a>. The settlement of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">La Villa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de Asís</a> — modern day Santa Fe – was established by <a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Peralta" title="Pedro de Peralta">Pedro de Peralta</a> as a more permanent capital at the foot of the <a href="/wiki/Sangre_de_Cristo_Mountains" title="Sangre de Cristo Mountains">Sangre de Cristo Mountains</a> in 1610.<a href="#cite_note-Simmons_Last_Conquistador-39">[37]</a>: 182  Towards the end of the 17th century, the <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revolt" title="Pueblo Revolt">Pueblo Revolt</a> drove out the Spanish and occupied these early cities for over a decade.<a href="#cite_note-archaeology.org-40">[38]</a> After the death of Pueblo leader <a href="/wiki/Pop%C3%A9" title="Popé">Popé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Vargas" title="Diego de Vargas">Diego de Vargas</a> restored the area to Spanish rule,<a href="#cite_note-Simmons_1988-38">[36]</a>: 68–75  with Puebloans offered greater cultural and religious liberties.<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Murphy_2000-36">[34]</a>: 6, 48  Returning settlers founded <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">La Villa de Alburquerque</a> in 1706 at <a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Albuquerque" title="Old Town Albuquerque">Old Town Albuquerque</a> as a trading center for existing surrounding communities such as <a href="/wiki/Barelas" title="Barelas">Barelas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_of_Isleta" title="Pueblo of Isleta">Isleta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Ranchos_de_Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Los Ranchos de Albuquerque, New Mexico">Los Ranchos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sandia_Pueblo" title="Sandia Pueblo">Sandia</a>;<a href="#cite_note-Simmons_1988-38">[36]</a>: 84  it was named for the viceroy of New Spain, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_la_Cueva,_10th_Duke_of_Alburquerque" title="Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 10th Duke of Alburquerque">Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 10th Duke of Alburquerque</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a> Governor <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Cuervo_y_Vald%C3%A9s" title="Francisco Cuervo y Valdés">Francisco Cuervo y Valdés</a> established the villa in <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_metropolitan_area" title="Albuquerque metropolitan area">Tiguex</a> to provide <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a> access and facilitate cultural exchange in the region. Beyond forging better relations with the Pueblos, governors were forbearing in their approach to the indigenous peoples, such as was with governor <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_V%C3%A9lez_Cachup%C3%ADn" title="Tomás Vélez Cachupín">Tomás Vélez Cachupín</a>;<a href="#cite_note-Simmons_2012-44">[42]</a> the comparatively large reservations in New Mexico and <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> are partly a legacy of Spanish treaties recognizing indigenous land claims in Nuevo México.<a href="#cite_note-NMHR_Vol_80_Num_1_Art_4-45">[43]</a> Nevertheless, relations between the various indigenous groups and Spanish settlers remained nebulous and complex, varying from trade and commerce to cultural assimilation and intermarriage to total warfare. During most of the 18th century, raids by <a href="/wiki/Navajo" title="Navajo">Navajo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a>, and especially <a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a> inhibited the growth and prosperity of the New Mexico. The region's harsh environment and remoteness, surrounded by hostile Native Americans, fostered a greater degree of self-reliance, as well as pragmatic cooperation, between the <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pueblo people">Pueblo peoples</a> and colonists. Many indigenous communities enjoyed a large measure of autonomy well into the late 19th century due to the improved governance. To encourage settlement in its vulnerable periphery, Spain awarded land grants to European settlers in Nuevo México; due to the scarcity of water throughout the region, the vast majority of colonists resided in the central valley of the Rio Grande and its tributaries. Most communities were walled enclaves consisting of adobe houses that opened onto a plaza, from which four streets ran outward to small, private agricultural plots and orchards; these were watered by <a href="/wiki/Acequia" title="Acequia">acequias</a>, community owned and operated irrigation canals. Just beyond the wall was the <a href="/wiki/Ejido" title="Ejido">ejido</a>, communal land for grazing, firewood, or recreation. By 1800, the population of New Mexico had reached 25,000 (not including indigenous inhabitants), far exceeding the territories of California and Texas.<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mexico_era">Mexico era</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Fe_of_New_Mexico_(location_map_scheme).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Santa_Fe_of_New_Mexico_%28location_map_scheme%29.svg/220px-Santa_Fe_of_New_Mexico_%28location_map_scheme%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Santa_Fe_of_New_Mexico_%28location_map_scheme%29.svg/330px-Santa_Fe_of_New_Mexico_%28location_map_scheme%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Santa_Fe_of_New_Mexico_%28location_map_scheme%29.svg/440px-Santa_Fe_of_New_Mexico_%28location_map_scheme%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption>Territory of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Santa Fe de Nuevo México</a> when it belonged to Mexico in 1824</figcaption></figure> As part of New Spain, the province of New Mexico became part of the <a href="/wiki/First_Mexican_Empire" title="First Mexican Empire">First Mexican Empire</a> in 1821 following the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_War_of_Independence" title="Mexican War of Independence">Mexican War of Independence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Simmons_1988-38">[36]</a>: 109  Upon its secession from Mexico in 1836, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a> claimed the portion east of the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a>, based on the erroneous assumption that the older Hispanic settlements of the upper Rio Grande were the same as the newly established Mexican settlements of Texas. The <a href="/wiki/Texan_Santa_Fe_Expedition" title="Texan Santa Fe Expedition">Texan Santa Fe Expedition</a> was launched to seize the contested territory but failed with the capture and imprisonment of the entire army by the Hispanic New Mexico militia. During the turn of the 19th century, the extreme northeastern part of New Mexico, north of the Canadian River and east of the spine of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, was still claimed by France, which sold it in 1803 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Louisiana Purchase</a>. In 1812, the U.S. reclassified the land as part of the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Territory" title="Missouri Territory">Missouri Territory</a>. This region of New Mexico (along with territory comprising present-day southeastern Colorado, the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Panhandle">Texas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Panhandle" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma Panhandle">Oklahoma Panhandles</a>, and southwestern <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>) was ceded to Spain under the <a href="/wiki/Adams-Onis_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Adams-Onis Treaty">Adams-Onis Treaty</a> in 1819. When the <a href="/wiki/First_Mexican_Republic" title="First Mexican Republic">First Mexican Republic</a> began to transition into the <a href="/wiki/Centralist_Republic_of_Mexico" title="Centralist Republic of Mexico">Centralist Republic of Mexico</a>, they began to centralize power ignoring the sovereignty of Santa Fe and disregarding Pueblo land rights. This led to the <a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_1837_(New_Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolt of 1837 (New Mexico)">Chimayó Rebellion</a> in 1837, led by <a href="/wiki/Gen%C3%ADzaro" title="Genízaro">genízaro</a> José Gonzales.<a href="#cite_note-Lecompte_1985_p.-47">[45]</a> The death of then governor <a href="/wiki/Albino_P%C3%A9rez" title="Albino Pérez">Albino Pérez</a> during the revolt, was met with further hostility. Though José Gonzales was executed due to his involvement in the governor's death, subsequent governors <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Armijo" title="Manuel Armijo">Manuel Armijo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Vigil_y_Alarid" title="Juan Bautista Vigil y Alarid">Juan Bautista Vigil y Alarid</a> agreed with some of the underlying sentiment. This led to New Mexico becoming financially and politically tied to the U.S., and preferring trade along the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Trail" title="Santa Fe Trail">Santa Fe Trail</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Territorial_phase">Territorial phase</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Texas_annexation" title="Texas annexation">Texas annexation</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._provisional_government_of_New_Mexico" title="U.S. provisional government of New Mexico">U.S. provisional government of New Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo" title="Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo">Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Cession" title="Mexican Cession">Mexican Cession</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organic_act#List_of_organic_acts" title="Organic act">Organic act § List of organic acts</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">New Mexico Territory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gadsden_Purchase" title="Gadsden Purchase">Gadsden Purchase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ordinance_of_Secession" title="Ordinance of Secession">Ordinance of Secession</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Arizona" title="Confederate Arizona">Confederate Arizona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New Mexico Territory in the American Civil War">New Mexico Territory in the American Civil War</a></div> Following the victory of the United States in the Mexican–American War (1846–48), Mexico <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo" title="Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo">ceded its northern territories</a> to the U.S., including California, Texas, and New Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-Simmons_1988-38">[36]</a>: 132  The Americans were initially heavy-handed in their treatment of former Mexican citizens, triggering the <a href="/wiki/Taos_Revolt" title="Taos Revolt">Taos Revolt</a> in 1847 by Hispanos and their Pueblo allies; the insurrection led to the death of territorial governor <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bent" title="Charles Bent">Charles Bent</a> and the collapse of the civilian government established by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_W._Kearny" title="Stephen W. Kearny">Stephen W. Kearny</a>. In response, the U.S. government appointed local <a href="/wiki/Donaciano_Vigil" title="Donaciano Vigil">Donaciano Vigil</a> as governor to better represent New Mexico,<a href="#cite_note-Crutchfield_1995_p.-48">[46]</a> and also vowed to accept the land rights of <a href="/wiki/Hispanos_of_New_Mexico" title="Hispanos of New Mexico">Nuevomexicans</a> and grant them citizenship. In 1864, President <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> symbolized the recognition of Native land rights with the Lincoln Canes, <a href="/wiki/Sceptre" title="Sceptre">sceptres</a> <a href="/wiki/Staff_of_office" title="Staff of office">of office</a> gifted to each of the Pueblos, a tradition dating back to Spanish and Mexican eras.<a href="#cite_note-NCAI-49">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mexican_2022-50">[48]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Texas" title="Republic of Texas">Republic of Texas</a> was admitted as a state in 1846, it attempted to claim the eastern portion of New Mexico east of the Rio Grande, while the <a href="/wiki/California_Republic" title="California Republic">California Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_of_Deseret" title="State of Deseret">State of Deseret</a> each claimed parts of western New Mexico. Under the <a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_1850" title="Compromise of 1850">Compromise of 1850</a>, these regions were forced by the U.S. government to drop their claims, Texas received $10 million in federal funds, California was granted statehood, and officially establishing the <a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah Territory</a>; therein recognizing most of New Mexico's historically established land claims.<a href="#cite_note-Simmons_1988-38">[36]</a>: 135  Pursuant to the compromise, Congress established the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">New Mexico Territory</a> in September of that year;<a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a> it included most of present-day Arizona and New Mexico, along with the <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Vegas, Nevada">Las Vegas</a> <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Valley</a> and what would later become <a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Nevada" title="Clark County, Nevada">Clark County</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>. In 1853 the U.S. acquired the mostly desert southwestern bootheel of the state, along with Arizona's land south of the Gila River, in the <a href="/wiki/Gadsden_Purchase" title="Gadsden Purchase">Gadsden Purchase</a>, which was needed for the right-of-way to encourage construction of a <a href="/wiki/Transcontinental_railroad" title="Transcontinental railroad">transcontinental railroad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Simmons_1988-38">[36]</a>: 136  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="U.S._Civil_War,_American_Indian_Wars,_and_American_frontier">U.S. Civil War, American Indian Wars, and American frontier</h4></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:229px;max-width:229px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Civil war effects in New Mexico</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:227px;max-width:227px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Wpdms_Arizona_Territory_1860_ZP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Wpdms_Arizona_Territory_1860_ZP.svg/250px-Wpdms_Arizona_Territory_1860_ZP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Wpdms_Arizona_Territory_1860_ZP.svg/338px-Wpdms_Arizona_Territory_1860_ZP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Wpdms_Arizona_Territory_1860_ZP.svg/450px-Wpdms_Arizona_Territory_1860_ZP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="154" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">New Mexico territory including Arizona, 1860</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:227px;max-width:227px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Wpdms_new_mexico_territory_1867.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Wpdms_new_mexico_territory_1867.png/250px-Wpdms_new_mexico_territory_1867.png" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Wpdms_new_mexico_territory_1867.png 1.5x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="176" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Territories divided, 1867</div></div></div></div></div> When the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">U.S. Civil War</a> broke out in 1861, both <a href="/wiki/The_Confederate_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="The Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> governments claimed ownership and territorial rights over New Mexico Territory. The Confederacy claimed the southern tract as its own <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Territory_(Confederate_States_of_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arizona Territory (Confederate States of America)">Arizona Territory</a>, and as part of the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Mississippi_Theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War">Trans-Mississippi Theater</a> of the war, waged the ambitious <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="New Mexico Campaign">New Mexico Campaign</a> to control the <a href="/wiki/American_Southwest" class="mw-redirect" title="American Southwest">American Southwest</a> and open up access to Union California. Confederate power in the New Mexico Territory was effectively broken after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Glorieta_Pass" title="Battle of Glorieta Pass">Battle of Glorieta Pass</a> in 1862, though the Confederate territorial government continued to operate out of Texas. More than 8,000 soldiers from New Mexico Territory served in the <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eingeborene_des_n%C3%B6rdlichen_Neu-Mexiko_1861.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Eingeborene_des_n%C3%B6rdlichen_Neu-Mexiko_1861.jpg/220px-Eingeborene_des_n%C3%B6rdlichen_Neu-Mexiko_1861.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Eingeborene_des_n%C3%B6rdlichen_Neu-Mexiko_1861.jpg/330px-Eingeborene_des_n%C3%B6rdlichen_Neu-Mexiko_1861.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Eingeborene_des_n%C3%B6rdlichen_Neu-Mexiko_1861.jpg/440px-Eingeborene_des_n%C3%B6rdlichen_Neu-Mexiko_1861.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="608" /></a><figcaption>"The indigenous people of northern New Mexico" by <a href="/wiki/Balduin_M%C3%B6llhausen" title="Balduin Möllhausen">Balduin Möllhausen</a>, 1861</figcaption></figure> The end of the war saw <a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">rapid economic development and settlement</a> in New Mexico, which attracted homesteaders, ranchers, cowboys, businessmen, and outlaws;<a href="#cite_note-online.nmartmuseum.org-53">[51]</a> many of the <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a> characters of the <a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">Western genre</a> had their origins in New Mexico, most notably businesswoman <a href="/wiki/Maria_Gertrudis_Barcel%C3%B3" title="Maria Gertrudis Barceló">Maria Gertrudis Barceló</a>, outlaw <a href="/wiki/Billy_the_Kid" title="Billy the Kid">Billy the Kid</a>, and lawmen <a href="/wiki/Pat_Garrett" title="Pat Garrett">Pat Garrett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elfego_Baca" title="Elfego Baca">Elfego Baca</a>. The influx of "Anglo Americans" from the eastern U.S. (which include African Americans and recent European immigrants) reshaped the state's economy, culture, and politics. Into the late 19th century, the majority of New Mexicans remained ethnic mestizos of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry (primarily Pueblo, Navajo, Apache, Genízaro, and Comanche), many of whom had roots going back to Spanish settlement in the 16th century; this distinctly New Mexican ethnic group became known as <a href="/wiki/Hispanos_of_New_Mexico" title="Hispanos of New Mexico">Hispanos</a> and developed a more pronounced identity vis-a-vis the newer Anglo arrivals. Politically, they still controlled most town and county offices through local elections, and wealthy ranching families commanded considerable influence, preferring business, <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislative</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judicial</a> relations with fellow indigenous New Mexican groups. By contrast, Anglo Americans, who were "outnumbered, but well-organized and growing"<a href="#cite_note-Montgomery-54">[52]</a> tended to have more ties to the territorial government, whose officials were appointed by the U.S. federal government; subsequently, newer residents of New Mexico generally favored maintaining territorial status, which they saw as a check on Native and Hispano influence. A consequence of the civil war was intensifying conflict with indigenous peoples, which was part of the broader American <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">Indian Wars</a> along the frontier. The withdrawal of troops and material for the war effort had prompted raids by hostile tribes, and the federal government moved to subdue the many native communities that had been effectively autonomous throughout the colonial period. Following the elimination of the Confederate threat, Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/James_Henry_Carleton" title="James Henry Carleton">James Carleton</a>, who had assumed command of the Military Department of New Mexico in 1862, led what he described as a "merciless war against all hostile tribes" that aimed to "force them to their knees, and then confine them to reservations where they could be Christianized and instructed in agriculture."<a href="#cite_note-online.nmartmuseum.org-53">[51]</a> With famed frontiersman <a href="/wiki/Kit_Carson" title="Kit Carson">Kit Carson</a> placed in charge of troops in the field, powerful indigenous groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Navajo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Navajo people">Navajo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mescalero" title="Mescalero">Mescalero</a> Apache, <a href="/wiki/Kiowa" title="Kiowa">Kiowa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a> were brutally pacified through a scorched earth policy, and thereafter forced into barren and remote reservations. Sporadic conflicts continued into the late 1880s, most notably <a href="/wiki/Victorio%27s_War" title="Victorio's War">the guerilla campaigns</a> led by Apache <a href="/wiki/Victorio" title="Victorio">chiefs Victorio</a> and his son-in-law <a href="/wiki/Nana_(chief)" title="Nana (chief)">Nana</a>. The political and cultural clashes between these competing ethnic groups sometimes culminated in mob violence, including lynchings of Native, Hispanic, and Mexican peoples, as was attempted at the <a href="/wiki/Frisco_shootout" title="Frisco shootout">Frisco shootout</a> in 1884. Nevertheless, prominent figures from across these communities, and from both the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_New_Mexico" title="Democratic Party of New Mexico">Democratic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_New_Mexico" title="Republican Party of New Mexico">Republican parties</a>, attempted to fight this prejudice and forge a more cohesive, multiethnic New Mexican identity; they include lawmen <a href="/wiki/Elfego_Baca" title="Elfego Baca">Baca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pat_Garrett" title="Pat Garrett">Garrett</a>, and governors <a href="/wiki/George_Curry_(politician)" title="George Curry (politician)">Curry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_James_Hagerman" title="Herbert James Hagerman">Hagerman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Antonio_Otero_(born_1859)" title="Miguel Antonio Otero (born 1859)">Otero</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Van_Holtby_2012_p.-55">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-de_Aragón_2020_p.-56">[54]</a> Indeed, some territorial governors, like <a href="/wiki/Lew_Wallace" title="Lew Wallace">Lew Wallace</a>, had served in both the Mexican and American militaries.<a href="#cite_note-Cain_2019-57">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statehood">Statehood</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_Union" title="Admission to the Union">Admission to the Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spanish-American_boy,_Chamisal,_New_Mexico_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Spanish-American_boy%2C_Chamisal%2C_New_Mexico_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Spanish-American_boy%2C_Chamisal%2C_New_Mexico_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Spanish-American_boy%2C_Chamisal%2C_New_Mexico_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Spanish-American_boy%2C_Chamisal%2C_New_Mexico_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Spanish-American_boy%2C_Chamisal%2C_New_Mexico_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Spanish-American_boy%2C_Chamisal%2C_New_Mexico_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6075" data-file-height="7923" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Hispanos_of_New_Mexico" title="Hispanos of New Mexico">Hispano</a> boy in <a href="/wiki/Chamisal" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamisal">Chamisal</a>, 1940</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Homesteader_and_his_children_eating_barbeque_at_the_New_Mexico_Fair._Pie_Town,_New_Mexico,_October_1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Homesteader_and_his_children_eating_barbeque_at_the_New_Mexico_Fair._Pie_Town%2C_New_Mexico%2C_October_1940.jpg/250px-Homesteader_and_his_children_eating_barbeque_at_the_New_Mexico_Fair._Pie_Town%2C_New_Mexico%2C_October_1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Homesteader_and_his_children_eating_barbeque_at_the_New_Mexico_Fair._Pie_Town%2C_New_Mexico%2C_October_1940.jpg/330px-Homesteader_and_his_children_eating_barbeque_at_the_New_Mexico_Fair._Pie_Town%2C_New_Mexico%2C_October_1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Homesteader_and_his_children_eating_barbeque_at_the_New_Mexico_Fair._Pie_Town%2C_New_Mexico%2C_October_1940.jpg/500px-Homesteader_and_his_children_eating_barbeque_at_the_New_Mexico_Fair._Pie_Town%2C_New_Mexico%2C_October_1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="659" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Homesteading" title="Homesteading">homesteader</a> and his children at the New Mexico Fair in <a href="/wiki/Pie_Town,_New_Mexico" title="Pie Town, New Mexico">Pie Town, New Mexico</a>, 1940</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> admitted New Mexico as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">47th state</a> on January 6, 1912.<a href="#cite_note-Simmons_1988-38">[36]</a>: 166  It had been eligible for statehood 60 years earlier, but was delayed due to the perception that its majority <a href="/wiki/Mexican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican American">Hispanic</a> population was "alien" to U.S. culture and political values.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a> When the U.S. entered the First World War roughly five years later, New Mexicans volunteered in significant numbers, in part to prove their loyalty as full-fledged citizens of the U.S. The state ranked fifth in the nation for military service, enlisting more than 17,000 recruits from all 33 counties; over 500 New Mexicans were killed in the war.<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> Indigenous-Hispanic families had long been established since the Spanish and Mexican era,<a href="#cite_note-Oropeza_2019_pp._162–189-60">[58]</a> but most American settlers in the state had an uneasy relationship with the large Native American tribes.<a href="#cite_note-Noel_2011_pp._430–467-61">[59]</a> Most indigenous New Mexicans lived on <a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">reservations</a> and near old placitas and villas. In 1924, Congress passed a law granting all Native Americans U.S. citizenship and the right to vote in federal and state elections. However, Anglo-American arrivals into New Mexico enacted <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a> against Hispanos, Hispanic Americans, and those who did not pay taxes, targeting indigenous affiliated individuals;<a href="#cite_note-suffrage-62">[60]</a> because Hispanics often had <a href="/wiki/Interpersonal_relationship" title="Interpersonal relationship">interpersonal relationships</a> with indigenous peoples, they were often subject to <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="Racial segregation in the United States">segregation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Racial_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Racial inequality in the United States">social inequality</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">employment discrimination</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Noel_2011_pp._430–467-61">[59]</a> During the fight for <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">women's suffrage in the United States</a>, New Mexico's Hispano and Mexican women at the forefront included Trinidad Cabeza de Baca, Dolores "Lola" Armijo, Mrs. James Chavez, Aurora Lucero, Anita "Mrs. Secundino" Romero, Arabella "Mrs. Cleofas" Romero and her daughter, Marie.<a href="#cite_note-Cahill_2020-63">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-Strykowski_2022-64">[62]</a> A major oil discovery in 1928 near the town of <a href="/wiki/Hobbs,_New_Mexico" title="Hobbs, New Mexico">Hobbs</a> brought greater wealth to the state, especially in surrounding <a href="/wiki/Lea_County,_New_Mexico" title="Lea County, New Mexico">Lea County</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> The New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources called it "the most important single discovery of oil in New Mexico's history".<a href="#cite_note-AOGHS-66">[64]</a> Nevertheless, agriculture and cattle ranching remained the primary economic activities. New Mexico was <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="New Mexico during World War II">greatly transformed</a> by the U.S. entry into the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> in December 1941. As in the First World War, <a href="/wiki/Patriotism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriotism in the United States">patriotism</a> ran high among New Mexicans, including among marginalized Hispanic and indigenous communities; on a per capita basis, New Mexico produced more volunteers, and suffered more casualties, than any other state. The war also spurred economic development, particularly in extractive industries, with the state becoming a leading supplier of several strategic resources. New Mexico's rough terrain and geographic isolation made it an attractive location for several sensitive military and scientific installations; the most famous was <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos,_New_Mexico" title="Los Alamos, New Mexico">Los Alamos</a>, one of the central facilities of the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a>, where the first <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic bomb">atomic bombs</a> were designed and manufactured. The first bomb was tested at <a href="/wiki/Trinity_site" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinity site">Trinity site</a> in the desert between <a href="/wiki/Socorro,_New_Mexico" title="Socorro, New Mexico">Socorro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alamogordo,_New_Mexico" title="Alamogordo, New Mexico">Alamogordo</a>, which is today part of the <a href="/wiki/White_Sands_Missile_Range" title="White Sands Missile Range">White Sands Missile Range</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Simmons_1988-38">[36]</a>: 179–180  As a legacy of the Second World War, New Mexico continues to receive large amounts of federal government spending on major military and research institutions. In addition to the White Sands Missile Range, the state hosts three U.S. Air Force bases that were established or expanded during the war. While the high military presence brought considerable investment, it has also been the center of controversy; on May 22, 1957, a B-36 <a href="/wiki/Mark_17_nuclear_bomb#1957_incident" title="Mark 17 nuclear bomb">accidentally dropped</a> a nuclear bomb 4.5 miles from the control tower while landing at <a href="/wiki/Kirtland_Air_Force_Base" title="Kirtland Air Force Base">Kirtland Air Force Base</a> in Albuquerque; only its conventional "trigger" detonated.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandia_National_Laboratories" title="Sandia National Laboratories">Sandia National Laboratories</a>, two of the nation's leading <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy_National_Laboratories" title="United States Department of Energy National Laboratories">federal scientific research facilities</a>, originated from the Manhattan Project. The focus on high technology is still a top priority of the state, to the extent that it became a center for <a href="/wiki/Unidentified_flying_object" title="Unidentified flying object">unidentified flying objects</a>, especially following the 1947 <a href="/wiki/Roswell_incident" title="Roswell incident">Roswell incident</a>. New Mexico saw its population nearly double from roughly 532,000 in 1940 to over 954,000 by 1960.<a href="#cite_note-1990_CPH2-69">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> In addition to federal personnel and agencies, many residents and businesses moved to the state, particularly from the northeast, often drawn by its warm climate and low taxes.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> The pattern continues into the 21st century, with New Mexico adding over 400,000 residents between 2000 and 2020. Native Americans from New Mexico fought for the United States in both world wars. Returning veterans were disappointed to find their civil rights limited by state discrimination. In Arizona and New Mexico, veterans challenged state laws or practices prohibiting them from voting. In 1948, after veteran Miguel Trujillo Sr. of <a href="/wiki/Isleta_Pueblo" class="mw-redirect" title="Isleta Pueblo">Isleta Pueblo</a> was told by the county registrar that he could not register to vote, he filed suit against the county in federal district court. A three-judge panel overturned as unconstitutional New Mexico's provisions that Native Americans who did not pay taxes (and could not document if they had paid taxes) could not vote.<a href="#cite_note-suffrage-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[Note 2]</a> In the early to mid-20th century, the art presence in Santa Fe grew, and it became known as one of the world's great art centers.<a href="#cite_note-ARTnews.com_2022-73">[70]</a> The presence of artists such as <a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe</a> attracted many others, including those along <a href="/wiki/Canyon_Road,_Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Canyon Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico">Canyon Road</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Vin_2021-74">[71]</a> In the late 20th century, Native Americans were authorized by federal law to establish gaming casinos on their reservations under certain conditions, in states which had authorized such gaming. Such facilities have helped tribes close to population centers generate revenues for reinvestment in the economic development and welfare of their peoples. The <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_metropolitan_area" title="Albuquerque metropolitan area">Albuquerque metropolitan area</a> is home to several casinos as a result.<a href="#cite_note-Albuquerque_Journal_2021-75">[72]</a> In the 21st century, employment growth areas in New Mexico include <a href="/wiki/Electronic_circuit" title="Electronic circuit">electronic circuitry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scientific_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific research">scientific research</a>, information technology, <a href="/wiki/List_of_casinos_in_New_Mexico" title="List of casinos in New Mexico">casinos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_American_Southwest" title="Art of the American Southwest">art of the American Southwest</a>, food, <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_shot_in_New_Mexico" title="List of films shot in New Mexico">film</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Media in Albuquerque, New Mexico">media, particularly in Albuquerque</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a> The state was the founding location of <a href="/wiki/Micro_Instrumentation_and_Telemetry_Systems" title="Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems">Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems</a>, which led to the founding of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> in Albuquerque.<a href="#cite_note-Microsoft_Learn_1975-77">[74]</a> <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> maintains their F11X in <a href="/wiki/Rio_Rancho,_New_Mexico" title="Rio Rancho, New Mexico">Rio Rancho</a>, which also hosts an IT center for <a href="/wiki/HP_Inc." title="HP Inc.">HP Inc.</a><a href="#cite_note-Cutress_2021-78">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lorenz_2022-79">[76]</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">New Mexico's culinary scene</a> became recognized and is now a source of revenue for the state.<a href="#cite_note-Washington_2018-80">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kennedy_2022-81">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-Seymore_2019-82">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Albuquerque Studios">Albuquerque Studios</a> has become a filming hub for <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>, and it was brought international media production companies to the state like <a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jr_Jr_2020-83">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gomez_2022-84">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-Padilla_NBCUniversal_2021-85">[82]</a> The <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> was confirmed to have reached the U.S. state of New Mexico on March 11, 2020. On December 23, 2020, the New Mexico Department of Health reported 1,174 new COVID-19 cases and 40 deaths, bringing the cumulative statewide totals to 133,242 cases and 2,243 deaths since the start of the pandemic.<a href="#cite_note-dash-86">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_Mexico" title="List of counties in New Mexico">List of counties in New Mexico</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_Mexico" title="Geography of New Mexico">Geography of New Mexico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Basin" title="Delaware Basin">Delaware Basin</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wheeler_Pk_from_Valle_Vidal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Wheeler_Pk_from_Valle_Vidal.jpg/220px-Wheeler_Pk_from_Valle_Vidal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Wheeler_Pk_from_Valle_Vidal.jpg/330px-Wheeler_Pk_from_Valle_Vidal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Wheeler_Pk_from_Valle_Vidal.jpg/440px-Wheeler_Pk_from_Valle_Vidal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2680" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wheeler_Peak_(New_Mexico)" title="Wheeler Peak (New Mexico)">Wheeler Peak</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sangre_de_Cristo_Mountains" title="Sangre de Cristo Mountains">Sangre de Cristo Range</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carlsbad_Interior_Formations.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Carlsbad_Interior_Formations.jpg/250px-Carlsbad_Interior_Formations.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Carlsbad_Interior_Formations.jpg/330px-Carlsbad_Interior_Formations.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Carlsbad_Interior_Formations.jpg/500px-Carlsbad_Interior_Formations.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="546" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park" title="Carlsbad Caverns National Park">Carlsbad Caverns National Park</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:White_sands_national_monument_dune.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/White_sands_national_monument_dune.jpg/220px-White_sands_national_monument_dune.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/White_sands_national_monument_dune.jpg/330px-White_sands_national_monument_dune.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/White_sands_national_monument_dune.jpg/440px-White_sands_national_monument_dune.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/White_Sands_National_Park" title="White Sands National Park">White Sands National Park</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rio_Grande_Gorge_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Rio_Grande_Gorge_Bridge.jpg/250px-Rio_Grande_Gorge_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Rio_Grande_Gorge_Bridge.jpg/330px-Rio_Grande_Gorge_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Rio_Grande_Gorge_Bridge.jpg/500px-Rio_Grande_Gorge_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4306" data-file-height="2843" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Gorge" title="Rio Grande Gorge">Rio Grande Gorge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Gorge_Bridge" title="Rio Grande Gorge Bridge">Bridge</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shiprock.snodgrass3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Shiprock.snodgrass3.jpg/220px-Shiprock.snodgrass3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Shiprock.snodgrass3.jpg/330px-Shiprock.snodgrass3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Shiprock.snodgrass3.jpg/440px-Shiprock.snodgrass3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shiprock" title="Shiprock">Shiprock</a></figcaption></figure> With a total area of 121,590 square miles (314,900 km2),<a href="#cite_note-uscensus2010_cph-2-1_area-1">[1]</a> New Mexico is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">fifth-largest state</a>, after Alaska, Texas, California, and Montana. Its eastern border lies along 103°W <a href="/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude">longitude</a> with the state of <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>, and 2.2 miles (3.5 kilometres) west of 103°W longitude with <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> due to a 19th-century surveying error.<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a> On the southern border, Texas makes up the eastern two-thirds, while the Mexican states of <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sonora" title="Sonora">Sonora</a> make up the western third, with Chihuahua making up about 90% of that. The western border with <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> runs along the <a href="/wiki/32nd_meridian_west_from_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="32nd meridian west from Washington">109° 03'W</a> longitude.<a href="#cite_note-NMSUclimate-89">[86]</a> The southwestern corner of the state is known as the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Bootheel" title="New Mexico Bootheel">Bootheel</a>. The <a href="/wiki/37th_parallel_north" title="37th parallel north">37°N</a> parallel forms the northern boundary with Colorado. The states of New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah come together at the Four Corners in New Mexico's northwestern corner. Its surface water area is about 292 square miles (760 km2).<a href="#cite_note-uscensus2010_cph-2-1_area-1">[1]</a> Despite its popular depiction as mostly arid desert, New Mexico has one of the most diverse <a href="/wiki/Landscape" title="Landscape">landscapes</a> of any U.S. state, ranging from wide, auburn-colored deserts and <a href="/wiki/Prairie" title="Prairie">verdant grasslands</a>, to broken <a href="/wiki/Mesa" title="Mesa">mesas</a> and high, snow-capped peaks.<a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-90">[87]</a> Close to a <a href="/wiki/Forest_cover_by_state_and_territory_in_the_United_States" title="Forest cover by state and territory in the United States">third of the state is covered in timberland</a>, with heavily forested mountain wildernesses dominating the north. The <a href="/wiki/Sangre_de_Cristo_Mountains" title="Sangre de Cristo Mountains">Sangre de Cristo Mountains</a>, the southernmost part of the <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a>, run roughly north–south along the east side of the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a>, in the rugged, pastoral north. The <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a> extend into the eastern third of the state, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Llano_Estacado" title="Llano Estacado">Llano Estacado</a> ("Staked Plain"), whose westernmost boundary is marked by the <a href="/wiki/Mescalero_Ridge" title="Mescalero Ridge">Mescalero Ridge</a> <a href="/wiki/Caprock_Escarpment" title="Caprock Escarpment">escarpment</a>. The northwestern quadrant of New Mexico is dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Plateau" title="Colorado Plateau">Colorado Plateau</a>, characterized by unique volcanic formations, dry grasslands and shrublands, open <a href="/wiki/Pinyon-juniper_woodland" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyon-juniper woodland">pinyon-juniper woodland</a>, and mountain forests.<a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Chihuahuan_Desert" title="Chihuahuan Desert">Chihuahuan Desert</a>, which is the largest in North America, extends through the south. Over four–fifths of New Mexico is higher than 4,000 feet (1,200 meters) above sea level. The average elevation ranges from up to 8,000 feet (2,400 meters) above sea level in the northwest, to less than 4,000 feet in the southeast.<a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-90">[87]</a> The highest point is <a href="/wiki/Wheeler_Peak_(New_Mexico)" title="Wheeler Peak (New Mexico)">Wheeler Peak</a> at over 13,160 feet (4,010 meters) in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, while the lowest is the <a href="/wiki/Red_Bluff_Reservoir" title="Red Bluff Reservoir">Red Bluff Reservoir</a> at around 2,840 feet (870 meters), in the southeastern corner of the state. In addition to the Rio Grande, which is tied for the <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_United_States" title="List of rivers of the United States">fourth-longest river in the U.S.</a>, New Mexico has four other major river systems: the <a href="/wiki/Pecos_River" title="Pecos River">Pecos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_River" title="Canadian River">Canadian</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_River_(Colorado_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Juan River (Colorado River)">San Juan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gila_River" title="Gila River">Gila</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a> Nearly bisecting New Mexico from north to south, the Rio Grande has played an influential role in the region's history; its fertile floodplain has supported human habitation since prehistoric times, and European settlers initially lived exclusively in its valleys and along its tributaries.<a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-90">[87]</a> The Pecos, which flows roughly parallel to the Rio Grande at its east, was a popular route for explorers, as was the Canadian River, which rises in the mountainous north and flows east across the arid plains. The San Juan and Gila lie west of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Divide_of_the_Americas" title="Continental Divide of the Americas">Continental Divide</a>, in the northwest and southwest, respectively. With the exception of the Gila, all major rivers are dammed in New Mexico and provide a major water source for <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a> and flood control. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> New Mexico has long been known for its dry, temperate climate.<a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-90">[87]</a> Overall, the state is semi-arid to arid, with areas of continental and alpine climates at higher elevations. New Mexico's statewide average precipitation is 13.7 inches (350 mm) a year, with average monthly amounts peaking in the summer, particularly in the more rugged north-central area around Albuquerque and in the south. Generally, the eastern third of the state receives the most rainfall, while the western third receives the least. Higher altitudes receive around 40 inches (1,000 mm), while the lowest elevations see as little as 8 to 10 inches (200 to 250 millimetres).<a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-90">[87]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for New Mexico </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89 (32) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">100 (38) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99 (37) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">104 (40) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">110 (43) </td> <td style="background: #890000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">122 (50) </td> <td style="background: #B30000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">116 (47) </td> <td style="background: #C00000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">115 (46) </td> <td style="background: #CE0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">113 (45) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">101 (38) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97 (36) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90 (32) </td> <td style="background: #890000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">122 (50) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.7 (9.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.0 (12.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.8 (16.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.2 (20.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.1 (25.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.8 (31.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.8 (31.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.3 (30.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.4 (26.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.6 (21.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.6 (14.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.4 (9.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">69.6 (20.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7 (−5.7) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0 (−3.9) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4 (−0.9) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.5 (2.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.2 (7.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.4 (12.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.5 (15.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.1 (14.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.1 (10.6) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.7 (4.3) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0 (−1.7) </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0 (−5.6) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.4 (4.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #0000DD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−57 (−49) </td> <td style="background: #0000ED; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−50 (−46) </td> <td style="background: #1F1FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−34 (−37) </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−36 (−38) </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2 (−19) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 (−12) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 (−7) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23 (−5) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 (−13) </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−15 (−26) </td> <td style="background: #1414FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−38 (−39) </td> <td style="background: #0000F8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−47 (−44) </td> <td style="background: #0000DD; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−57 (−49) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #E5FFE5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.67 (17) </td> <td style="background: #E6FFE6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.59 (15) </td> <td style="background: #E4FFE4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.69 (18) </td> <td style="background: #E6FFE6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.62 (16) </td> <td style="background: #DCFFDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.91 (23) </td> <td style="background: #D6FFD6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.02 (26) </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.44 (62) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.33 (59) </td> <td style="background: #B9FFB9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.76 (45) </td> <td style="background: #D2FFD2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.17 (30) </td> <td style="background: #E4FFE4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.68 (17) </td> <td style="background: #DFFFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.81 (21) </td> <td style="background: #D2FFD2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.69 (349) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Extreme Weather Watch<a href="#cite_note-93">[90]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: NOAA<a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_New_Mexico.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_New_Mexico.png/330px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_New_Mexico.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_New_Mexico.png/500px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_New_Mexico.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_New_Mexico.png/960px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_New_Mexico.png 2x" data-file-width="1582" data-file-height="1764" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate types</a> of New Mexico, using 1991–2020 <a href="/wiki/Climatological_normal" title="Climatological normal">climate normals</a></figcaption></figure> Annual temperatures can range from 65 °F (18 °C) in the southeast to below 40 °F (4 °C) in the northern mountains,<a href="#cite_note-NMSUclimate-89">[86]</a> with the average being the mid-50s °F (12 °C). During the summer, daytime temperatures can often exceed 100 °F (38 °C) at elevations below 5,000 feet (1,500 m); the average high temperature in July ranges from 99 °F (37 °C) at the lower elevations down to 78 °F (26 °C) at the higher elevations. In the colder months of November to March, many cities in New Mexico can have nighttime temperature lows in the teens above zero, or lower. The highest temperature recorded in New Mexico was 122 °F (50 °C) at the <a href="/wiki/Waste_Isolation_Pilot_Plant" title="Waste Isolation Pilot Plant">Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP)</a> near <a href="/wiki/Loving,_New_Mexico" title="Loving, New Mexico">Loving</a> on June 27, 1994; the lowest recorded temperature is −57 °F (−49 °C) at <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_New_Mexico" title="Jamestown, New Mexico">Ciniza</a> (near <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_New_Mexico" title="Jamestown, New Mexico">Jamestown</a>) on January 13, 1963.<a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a> New Mexico's stable climate and sparse population provides for clearer skies and less <a href="/wiki/Light_pollution" title="Light pollution">light pollution</a>, making it a popular site for several major <a href="/wiki/Category:Astronomical_observatories_in_New_Mexico" title="Category:Astronomical observatories in New Mexico">astronomical observatories</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Apache_Point_Observatory" title="Apache Point Observatory">Apache Point Observatory</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Very_Large_Array" title="Very Large Array">Very Large Array</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Magdalena_Ridge_Observatory" title="Magdalena Ridge Observatory">Magdalena Ridge Observatory</a>, among others.<a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geococcyx_californianus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Geococcyx_californianus.jpg/220px-Geococcyx_californianus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Geococcyx_californianus.jpg/330px-Geococcyx_californianus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Geococcyx_californianus.jpg/440px-Geococcyx_californianus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Greater_roadrunner" title="Greater roadrunner">Greater roadrunner</a> (the state bird of New Mexico)</figcaption></figure> Owing to its varied <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topography</a>, New Mexico has six distinct <a href="/wiki/Vegetation_zone_(latitude)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetation zone (latitude)">vegetation zones</a> that provide diverse sets of habitats for many plants and animals.<a href="#cite_note-Beck-McNamee-2023a-98">[95]</a> The Upper Sonoran Zone is by far the most prominent, constituting about three-fourths of the state; it includes most of the plains, foothills, and valleys above 4,500 feet, and is defined by prairie grasses, low piñon pines, and juniper shrubs. The <a href="/wiki/Llano_Estacado" title="Llano Estacado">Llano Estacado</a> in the east features <a href="/wiki/Shortgrass_Prairie" class="mw-redirect" title="Shortgrass Prairie">Shortgrass Prairie</a> with <a href="/wiki/Bouteloua_gracilis" title="Bouteloua gracilis">blue grama</a>, which sustain <a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">bison</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Chihuahuan_Desert" title="Chihuahuan Desert">Chihuahuan Desert</a> in the south is characterized by shrubby <a href="/wiki/Larrea_tridentata" title="Larrea tridentata">creosote</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Plateau" title="Colorado Plateau">Colorado Plateau</a> in the northwest corner of New Mexico is high desert with cold winters, featuring <a href="/wiki/Artemisia_tridentata" title="Artemisia tridentata">sagebrush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atriplex_confertifolia" title="Atriplex confertifolia">shadescale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarcobatus" title="Sarcobatus">greasewood</a>, and other plants adapted to the <a href="/wiki/Soil_salinity" title="Soil salinity">saline</a> and <a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">seleniferous</a> soil. The mountainous north hosts a wide array of vegetation types corresponding to elevation gradients, such as <a href="/wiki/Pinyon-juniper_woodland" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyon-juniper woodland">piñon-juniper woodlands</a> near the base, through <a href="/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen">evergreen</a> <a href="/wiki/Pinophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinophyta">conifers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spruce" title="Spruce">spruce</a>-<a href="/wiki/Fir" title="Fir">fir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aspen" title="Aspen">aspen</a> forests in the transitionary zone, and <a href="/wiki/Krummholz" title="Krummholz">Krummholz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alpine_tundra" title="Alpine tundra">alpine tundra</a> at the very top.<a href="#cite_note-Beck-McNamee-2023a-98">[95]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Madrean_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrean Region">Apachian zone</a> tucked into the southwestern bootheel of the state has high-calcium soil, <a href="/wiki/Madrean_pine-oak_woodlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrean pine-oak woodlands">oak woodlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cupressus_arizonica" class="mw-redirect" title="Cupressus arizonica">Arizona cypress</a>, and other plants that are not found in other parts of the state.<a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a> The southern sections of the Rio Grande and Pecos valleys have 20,000 square miles (52,000 square kilometres) of New Mexico's best grazing land and irrigated farmland. New Mexico's varied climate and vegetation zones consequently support diverse wildlife. <a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">Black bears</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bighorn_sheep" title="Bighorn sheep">bighorn sheep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bobcat" title="Bobcat">bobcats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">cougars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">deer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Elk" title="Elk">elk</a> live in habitats above 7,000 feet, while <a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">coyotes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jackrabbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackrabbit">jackrabbits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_rat" title="Kangaroo rat">kangaroo rats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peccary" title="Peccary">javelina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porcupine" title="Porcupine">porcupines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pronghorn" title="Pronghorn">pronghorn antelope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crotalus_atrox" class="mw-redirect" title="Crotalus atrox">western diamondbacks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wild_turkey" title="Wild turkey">wild turkeys</a> live in less mountainous and elevated regions.<a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-MexicoCommission1966-103">[100]</a> The iconic <a href="/wiki/Greater_roadrunner" title="Greater roadrunner">roadrunner</a>, which is the state bird, is abundant in the southeast. Endangered species include the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_wolf" title="Mexican wolf">Mexican gray wolf</a>, which is being gradually reintroduced in the world, and <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_silvery_minnow" title="Rio Grande silvery minnow">Rio Grande silvery minnow</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a> Over 500 species of birds live or migrate through New Mexico, third only to California and Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conservation">Conservation</h3></div> New Mexico and 12 other western states together account for 93% of all federally owned land in the U.S. Roughly one–third of the state, or 24.7 million of 77.8 million acres, is held by the U.S. government, the tenth-highest percentage in the country. More than half this land is under the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land Management</a> as either <a href="/wiki/Public_domain_(land)" title="Public domain (land)">public domain land</a> or <a href="/wiki/National_Conservation_Lands" title="National Conservation Lands">National Conservation Lands</a>, while another third is managed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">U.S. Forest Service</a> as <a href="/wiki/National_forest_(United_States)" title="National forest (United States)">national forests</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a> New Mexico was central to the early–20th century <a href="/wiki/Conservation_movement" title="Conservation movement">conservation movement</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Gila_Wilderness" title="Gila Wilderness">Gila Wilderness</a> being designated the world's first <a href="/wiki/Wilderness_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilderness area">wilderness area</a> in 1924.<a href="#cite_note-Mazurek-2021-107">[104]</a> The state also hosts nine of the country's 84 <a href="/wiki/National_monument_(United_States)" title="National monument (United States)">national monuments</a>, the most of any state after Arizona; these include the second oldest monument, <a href="/wiki/El_Morro_National_Monument" title="El Morro National Monument">El Morro</a>, which was created in 1906, and the <a href="/wiki/Gila_Cliff_Dwellings_National_Monument" title="Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument">Gila Cliff Dwellings</a>, proclaimed in 1907.<a href="#cite_note-Mazurek-2021-107">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_forests_in_New_Mexico">National forests in New Mexico</h4></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Carson_National_Forest" title="Carson National Forest">Carson National Forest</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Carson_National_Forest_-_2021-01-20.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Carson_National_Forest_-_2021-01-20.jpg/220px-Carson_National_Forest_-_2021-01-20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Carson_National_Forest_-_2021-01-20.jpg/330px-Carson_National_Forest_-_2021-01-20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Carson_National_Forest_-_2021-01-20.jpg/440px-Carson_National_Forest_-_2021-01-20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2014" data-file-height="1347" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cibola_National_Forest" title="Cibola National Forest">Cibola National Forest</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Trailhead,_Trail_77,_Gooseberry_Trail,_Cibola,_National_Forest_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Trailhead%2C_Trail_77%2C_Gooseberry_Trail%2C_Cibola%2C_National_Forest_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/250px-Trailhead%2C_Trail_77%2C_Gooseberry_Trail%2C_Cibola%2C_National_Forest_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Trailhead%2C_Trail_77%2C_Gooseberry_Trail%2C_Cibola%2C_National_Forest_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/330px-Trailhead%2C_Trail_77%2C_Gooseberry_Trail%2C_Cibola%2C_National_Forest_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Trailhead%2C_Trail_77%2C_Gooseberry_Trail%2C_Cibola%2C_National_Forest_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/500px-Trailhead%2C_Trail_77%2C_Gooseberry_Trail%2C_Cibola%2C_National_Forest_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_National_Forest" title="Lincoln National Forest">Lincoln National Forest</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln_National_Forest_(15397461699).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Lincoln_National_Forest_%2815397461699%29.jpg/220px-Lincoln_National_Forest_%2815397461699%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Lincoln_National_Forest_%2815397461699%29.jpg/330px-Lincoln_National_Forest_%2815397461699%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Lincoln_National_Forest_%2815397461699%29.jpg/440px-Lincoln_National_Forest_%2815397461699%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="851" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_National_Forest" title="Santa Fe National Forest">Santa Fe National Forest</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Looking_South_from_Hermit%27s_Peak,_Pecos_Wilderness,_Santa_Fe_National_Forest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Looking_South_from_Hermit%27s_Peak%2C_Pecos_Wilderness%2C_Santa_Fe_National_Forest.jpg/250px-Looking_South_from_Hermit%27s_Peak%2C_Pecos_Wilderness%2C_Santa_Fe_National_Forest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Looking_South_from_Hermit%27s_Peak%2C_Pecos_Wilderness%2C_Santa_Fe_National_Forest.jpg/330px-Looking_South_from_Hermit%27s_Peak%2C_Pecos_Wilderness%2C_Santa_Fe_National_Forest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Looking_South_from_Hermit%27s_Peak%2C_Pecos_Wilderness%2C_Santa_Fe_National_Forest.jpg/500px-Looking_South_from_Hermit%27s_Peak%2C_Pecos_Wilderness%2C_Santa_Fe_National_Forest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gila_National_Forest" title="Gila National Forest">Gila National Forest</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gila_Natl_Forest_Nima3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gila_Natl_Forest_Nima3.JPG/220px-Gila_Natl_Forest_Nima3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gila_Natl_Forest_Nima3.JPG/330px-Gila_Natl_Forest_Nima3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gila_Natl_Forest_Nima3.JPG/440px-Gila_Natl_Forest_Nima3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gila_Wilderness" title="Gila Wilderness">Gila Wilderness</a> </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:GilaWilderness.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/GilaWilderness.jpg/220px-GilaWilderness.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/GilaWilderness.jpg/330px-GilaWilderness.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/GilaWilderness.jpg/440px-GilaWilderness.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2144" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coronado_National_Forest" title="Coronado National Forest">Coronado National Forest</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Hidalgo_County,_New_Mexico" title="Hidalgo County, New Mexico">Hidalgo County</a>) </td> <td><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Peloncillo_Mountains_-_Flickr_-_aspidoscelis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Peloncillo_Mountains_-_Flickr_-_aspidoscelis.jpg/220px-Peloncillo_Mountains_-_Flickr_-_aspidoscelis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Peloncillo_Mountains_-_Flickr_-_aspidoscelis.jpg/330px-Peloncillo_Mountains_-_Flickr_-_aspidoscelis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Peloncillo_Mountains_-_Flickr_-_aspidoscelis.jpg/440px-Peloncillo_Mountains_-_Flickr_-_aspidoscelis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_parks_in_New_Mexico">National parks in New Mexico</h4></div> New Mexico's <a href="/wiki/U.S._national_parks" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. national parks">national parks</a>, together with <a href="/wiki/National_monument_(United_States)" title="National monument (United States)">national monuments</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Trail_System" class="mw-redirect" title="National Trail System">trails</a> managed by the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>, are listed as follows:<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Ruins_National_Monument" title="Aztec Ruins National Monument">Aztec Ruins National Monument</a> at <a href="/wiki/Aztec,_New_Mexico" title="Aztec, New Mexico">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandelier_National_Monument" title="Bandelier National Monument">Bandelier National Monument</a> at <a href="/wiki/White_Rock,_New_Mexico" title="White Rock, New Mexico">White Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfield_Overland_National_Historic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Butterfield Overland National Historic Trail">Butterfield Overland National Historic Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capulin_Volcano_National_Monument" title="Capulin Volcano National Monument">Capulin Volcano National Monument</a> near <a href="/wiki/Capulin,_New_Mexico" title="Capulin, New Mexico">Capulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park" title="Carlsbad Caverns National Park">Carlsbad Caverns National Park</a> near <a href="/wiki/Carlsbad,_New_Mexico" title="Carlsbad, New Mexico">Carlsbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaco_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Chaco Culture National Historical Park">Chaco Culture National Historical Park</a> at <a href="/wiki/Nageezi,_New_Mexico" title="Nageezi, New Mexico">Nageezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Camino_Real_de_Tierra_Adentro_National_Historic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail">El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Malpais_National_Monument" title="El Malpais National Monument">El Malpais National Monument</a> near <a href="/wiki/Grants,_New_Mexico" title="Grants, New Mexico">Grants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Morro_National_Monument" title="El Morro National Monument">El Morro National Monument</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ramah,_New_Mexico" title="Ramah, New Mexico">Ramah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Union_National_Monument" title="Fort Union National Monument">Fort Union National Monument</a> at <a href="/wiki/Watrous,_New_Mexico" title="Watrous, New Mexico">Watrous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gila_Cliff_Dwellings_National_Monument" title="Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument">Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument</a> near <a href="/wiki/Silver_City,_New_Mexico" title="Silver City, New Mexico">Silver City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project_National_Historical_Park" title="Manhattan Project National Historical Park">Manhattan Project National Historical Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos,_New_Mexico" title="Los Alamos, New Mexico">Los Alamos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Spanish_National_Historic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Spanish National Historic Trail">Old Spanish National Historic Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecos_National_Historical_Park" title="Pecos National Historical Park">Pecos National Historical Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pecos,_New_Mexico" title="Pecos, New Mexico">Pecos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroglyph_National_Monument" title="Petroglyph National Monument">Petroglyph National Monument</a> near <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque" class="mw-redirect" title="Albuquerque">Albuquerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salinas_Pueblo_Missions_National_Monument" title="Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument">Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument</a> at <a href="/wiki/Mountainair,_New_Mexico" title="Mountainair, New Mexico">Mountainair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_National_Historic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Fe National Historic Trail">Santa Fe National Historic Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valles_Caldera_National_Preserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Valles Caldera National Preserve">Valles Caldera National Preserve</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Jemez_Mountains" title="Jemez Mountains">Jemez Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Sands_National_Park" title="White Sands National Park">White Sands National Park</a> near <a href="/wiki/Alamogordo,_New_Mexico" title="Alamogordo, New Mexico">Alamogordo</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_conservation_lands_in_New_Mexico">National conservation lands in New Mexico</h4></div> New Mexico's national monuments, conservation areas, and other units of the <a href="/wiki/National_Landscape_Conservation_System" class="mw-redirect" title="National Landscape Conservation System">National Landscape Conservation System</a> are managed by the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land Management</a>. Units include but are not limited to:<a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bisti/De-Na-Zin_Wilderness" title="Bisti/De-Na-Zin Wilderness">Bisti/De-Na-Zin Wilderness</a> near <a href="/wiki/Farmington,_New_Mexico" title="Farmington, New Mexico">Farmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Camino_Real_de_Tierra_Adentro_National_Historic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail">El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Malpais_National_Conservation_Area" title="El Malpais National Conservation Area">El Malpais National Conservation Area</a> near <a href="/wiki/Grants,_New_Mexico" title="Grants, New Mexico">Grants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasha-Katuwe_Tent_Rocks_National_Monument" title="Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument">Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cochiti_Pueblo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochiti Pueblo">Cochiti Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Trackways_National_Monument" title="Prehistoric Trackways National Monument">Prehistoric Trackways National Monument</a> near <a href="/wiki/Las_Cruces,_New_Mexico" title="Las Cruces, New Mexico">Las Cruces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Spanish_National_Historic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Spanish National Historic Trail">Old Spanish National Historic Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_Mountains-Desert_Peaks_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument">Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument</a> near <a href="/wiki/Las_Cruces,_New_Mexico" title="Las Cruces, New Mexico">Las Cruces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_del_Norte_National_Monument" title="Rio Grande del Norte National Monument">Rio Grande del Norte National Monument</a> near <a href="/wiki/Taos,_New_Mexico" title="Taos, New Mexico">Taos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Chama" title="Rio Chama">Rio Chama Wild and Scenic River</a> near <a href="/wiki/Abiquiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Abiquiu">Abiquiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Rivers_Recreation_Area" title="Wild Rivers Recreation Area">Rio Grande and Red River Wild and Scenic Rivers</a> near <a href="/wiki/Questa,_New_Mexico" title="Questa, New Mexico">Questa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_wildlife_refuges_in_New_Mexico">National wildlife refuges in New Mexico</h4></div> New Mexico's <a href="/wiki/National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="National Wildlife Refuge">National Wildlife Refuges</a> are managed by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a>. Units include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitter_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosque_del_Apache_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge">Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grulla_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Grulla National Wildlife Refuge">Grulla National Wildlife Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Las Vegas National Wildlife Refuge">Las Vegas National Wildlife Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Maxwell National Wildlife Refuge">Maxwell National Wildlife Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Andres_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="San Andres National Wildlife Refuge">San Andres National Wildlife Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevilleta_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge">Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valle_de_Oro_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Valle de Oro National Wildlife Refuge">Valle de Oro National Wildlife Refuge</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="State_parks_in_New_Mexico">State parks in New Mexico</h4></div> Areas managed by the New Mexico State Parks Division:<a href="#cite_note-110">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[Note 3]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bluewater_Lake_State_Park" title="Bluewater Lake State Park">Bluewater Lake State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottomless_Lakes_State_Park" title="Bottomless Lakes State Park">Bottomless Lakes State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brantley_Lake_State_Park" title="Brantley Lake State Park">Brantley Lake State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerrillos_Hills_State_Park" title="Cerrillos Hills State Park">Cerrillos Hills State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caballo_Lake_State_Park" title="Caballo Lake State Park">Caballo Lake State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimarron_Canyon_State_Park" title="Cimarron Canyon State Park">Cimarron Canyon State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Rocks_State_Park" title="City of Rocks State Park">City of Rocks State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_Lake_State_Park" title="Clayton Lake State Park">Clayton Lake State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conchas_Lake" title="Conchas Lake">Conchas Lake</a> State Park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyote_Creek_State_Park" title="Coyote Creek State Park">Coyote Creek State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Nest_Lake_State_Park" title="Eagle Nest Lake State Park">Eagle Nest Lake State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_Butte_Lake_State_Park" title="Elephant Butte Lake State Park">Elephant Butte Lake State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Vado_Lake" title="El Vado Lake">El Vado Lake</a> State Park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heron_Lake_(New_Mexico)" title="Heron Lake (New Mexico)">Heron Lake</a> State Park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Memorial_State_Park" title="Hyde Memorial State Park">Hyde Memorial State Park</a></li> <li>Leasburg Dam State Park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_Desert_Zoo_and_Gardens_State_Park" title="Living Desert Zoo and Gardens State Park">Living Desert Zoo and Gardens State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzano_Mountains_State_Park" title="Manzano Mountains State Park">Manzano Mountains State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesilla_Valley_Bosque_State_Park" title="Mesilla Valley Bosque State Park">Mesilla Valley Bosque State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphy_Lake_State_Park" title="Morphy Lake State Park">Morphy Lake State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Lake" title="Navajo Lake">Navajo Lake</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rio_Arriba_County,_New_Mexico" title="Rio Arriba County, New Mexico">Rio Arriba</a>, NM and <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_County,_New_Mexico" title="San Juan County, New Mexico">San Juan, NM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oasis_State_Park" title="Oasis State Park">Oasis State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Lee_Memorial_State_Park" title="Oliver Lee Memorial State Park">Oliver Lee Memorial State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancho_Villa_State_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Pancho Villa State Park">Pancho Villa State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percha_Dam_State_Park" title="Percha Dam State Park">Percha Dam State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Nature_Center_State_Park" title="Rio Grande Nature Center State Park">Rio Grande Nature Center State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Valley_State_Park" title="Rio Grande Valley State Park">Rio Grande Valley State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockhound_State_Park" title="Rockhound State Park">Rockhound State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_Lake_State_Park" title="Santa Rosa Lake State Park">Santa Rosa Lake State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storrie_Lake_State_Park" title="Storrie Lake State Park">Storrie Lake State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugarite_Canyon_State_Park" title="Sugarite Canyon State Park">Sugarite Canyon State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumner_Lake_State_Park" title="Sumner Lake State Park">Sumner Lake State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenton_Lake_State_Park" title="Fenton Lake State Park">Fenton Lake State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_Lake_State_Park" title="Ute Lake State Park">Ute Lake State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villanueva_State_Park" title="Villanueva State Park">Villanueva State Park</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_nature_reserves_in_New_Mexico">Other nature reserves in New Mexico</h4></div> Examples of locally administered nature reserves include: <ul><li>Whitfield Wildlife Conservation Area in Valencia County<a href="#cite_note-Valencia_Conservation_District_2022-112">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rio_Communities_New_Mexico_2022-113">[109]</a></li> <li>Albuquerque Open Space, see Open Space Visitor Center<a href="#cite_note-City_of_Albuquerque_2022-114">[110]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_issues">Environmental issues</h3></div> In January 2016, New Mexico sued the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a> over negligence after the <a href="/wiki/2015_Gold_King_Mine_waste_water_spill" title="2015 Gold King Mine waste water spill">2015 Gold King Mine waste water spill</a>. The spill had caused heavy metals such as cadmium and lead and toxins such as arsenic to flow into the <a href="/wiki/Animas_River" title="Animas River">Animas River</a>, polluting water basins of several states.<a href="#cite_note-115">[111]</a> The state has since implemented or considered stricter regulations and harsher penalties for spills associated with resource extraction.<a href="#cite_note-116">[112]</a> New Mexico is a major producer of <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">greenhouse gases</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Msn-2021-117">[113]</a> A study by Colorado State University showed that the state's oil and gas industry generated 60 million metric tons of greenhouse gases in 2018, over four times greater than previously estimated.<a href="#cite_note-Msn-2021-117">[113]</a> The fossil fuels sector accounted for over half the state's overall emissions, which totaled 113.6 million metric tons, about 1.8% of the country's total and more than twice the national average per capita.<a href="#cite_note-Msn-2021-117">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hedden-2020b-118">[114]</a> The New Mexico government has responded with efforts to regulate industrial emissions, promote renewable energy, and incentivize the use of electric vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-Hedden-2020b-118">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-abqjournal.com-119">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Settlements">Settlements</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_New_Mexico" title="List of municipalities in New Mexico">List of municipalities in New Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_New_Mexico" title="List of census-designated places in New Mexico">List of census-designated places in New Mexico</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_Mexico" title="List of counties in New Mexico">List of counties in New Mexico</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Mexico_population_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/New_Mexico_population_map.png/220px-New_Mexico_population_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/New_Mexico_population_map.png/330px-New_Mexico_population_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/New_Mexico_population_map.png/440px-New_Mexico_population_map.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>New Mexico population density map</figcaption></figure>With just 17 people per square mile (6.6 people/km2), New Mexico is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States_by_population_density" title="List of states and territories of the United States by population density">least densely populated states</a>, ranking 45th out of 50; by contrast, the overall population density of the U.S. is 90 people per square mile (35 people/km2). The state is divided into 33 counties and 106 municipalities, which include cities, towns, villages, and a <a href="/wiki/City-County" class="mw-redirect" title="City-County">consolidated city-county</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_County,_New_Mexico" title="Los Alamos County, New Mexico">Los Alamos</a>. Only three cities have at least 100,000 residents: Albuquerque, Rio Rancho, and Las Cruces, whose respective metropolitan areas together account for the majority of New Mexico's population. Residents are concentrated in the north-central region of New Mexico, anchored by the state's largest city, Albuquerque. Centered in <a href="/wiki/Bernalillo_County,_New_Mexico" title="Bernalillo County, New Mexico">Bernalillo County</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_metropolitan_area" title="Albuquerque metropolitan area">Albuquerque metropolitan area</a> includes New Mexico's third-largest city, <a href="/wiki/Rio_Rancho,_New_Mexico" title="Rio Rancho, New Mexico">Rio Rancho</a>, and has a population of over 918,000, accounting for one-third of all New Mexicans. It is adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a>, the capital and fourth-largest city. Altogether, the <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque%E2%80%93Santa_Fe%E2%80%93Los_Alamos_combined_statistical_area" title="Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Los Alamos combined statistical area">Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Los Alamos combined statistical area</a> includes more than 1.17 million people, or nearly 60% of the state population. New Mexico's other major center of population is in south-central area around <a href="/wiki/Las_Cruces,_New_Mexico" title="Las Cruces, New Mexico">Las Cruces</a>, its second-largest city and the largest city in the southern region of the state. The Las Cruces metropolitan area includes roughly 214,000 residents, but with neighboring <a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a> forms a <a href="/wiki/El_Paso%E2%80%93Las_Cruces,_Texas%E2%80%93New_Mexico,_combined_statistical_area" class="mw-redirect" title="El Paso–Las Cruces, Texas–New Mexico, combined statistical area">combined statistical area</a> numbering over 1 million.<a href="#cite_note-120">[116]</a> New Mexico hosts 23 federally recognized tribal reservations, including part of the Navajo Nation, the largest and most populous tribe; of these, 11 hold <a href="/wiki/Off-reservation_trust_land" title="Off-reservation trust land">off-reservation trust lands</a> elsewhere in the state. The vast majority of federally recognized tribes are concentrated in the northwest, followed by the north-central region. Like several other southwestern states, New Mexico hosts numerous <a href="/wiki/Colonia_(United_States)" title="Colonia (United States)">colonias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated</a>, low-income <a href="/wiki/Slum" title="Slum">slums</a> characterized by abject poverty, the absence of basic services (such as water and sewage), and scarce housing and infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-121">[117]</a> The University of New Mexico estimates there are 118 colonias in the state, though the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development</a> identifies roughly 150.<a href="#cite_note-122">[118]</a> The majority are located along the <a href="/wiki/U.S.-Mexico_border" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S.-Mexico border">Mexico-U.S. border.</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities or towns in New Mexico <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">Source: 2023 U.S. Census Bureau estimate<a href="#cite_note-123">[119]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in New Mexico">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of New Mexico">County</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Alb_Skyline_(cropped).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Albuquerque"><img alt="Albuquerque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Alb_Skyline_%28cropped%29.png/120px-Alb_Skyline_%28cropped%29.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Alb_Skyline_%28cropped%29.png/180px-Alb_Skyline_%28cropped%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Alb_Skyline_%28cropped%29.png/240px-Alb_Skyline_%28cropped%29.png 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="349" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Las_Cruces.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Las Cruces"><img alt="Las Cruces" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Las_Cruces.jpg/120px-Las_Cruces.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Las_Cruces.jpg/250px-Las_Cruces.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Las_Cruces,_New_Mexico" title="Las Cruces, New Mexico">Las Cruces</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bernalillo_County,_New_Mexico" title="Bernalillo County, New Mexico">Bernalillo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">560,274 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Rio_Rancho_Sprawl.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rio Rancho"><img alt="Rio Rancho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Rio_Rancho_Sprawl.jpeg/120px-Rio_Rancho_Sprawl.jpeg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Rio_Rancho_Sprawl.jpeg/180px-Rio_Rancho_Sprawl.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Rio_Rancho_Sprawl.jpeg/240px-Rio_Rancho_Sprawl.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rio_Rancho,_New_Mexico" title="Rio Rancho, New Mexico">Rio Rancho</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Fe_NM.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Santa Fe"><img alt="Santa Fe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Santa_Fe_NM.jpg/120px-Santa_Fe_NM.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Santa_Fe_NM.jpg/180px-Santa_Fe_NM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Santa_Fe_NM.jpg/240px-Santa_Fe_NM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Las_Cruces,_New_Mexico" title="Las Cruces, New Mexico">Las Cruces</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_Ana_County,_New_Mexico" title="Doña Ana County, New Mexico">Doña Ana</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">114,892 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rio_Rancho,_New_Mexico" title="Rio Rancho, New Mexico">Rio Rancho</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sandoval_County,_New_Mexico" title="Sandoval County, New Mexico">Sandoval / Bernalillo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">110,660 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_County,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe County, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">89,167 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Roswell,_New_Mexico" title="Roswell, New Mexico">Roswell</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chaves_County,_New_Mexico" title="Chaves County, New Mexico">Chaves</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">47,109 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Farmington,_New_Mexico" title="Farmington, New Mexico">Farmington</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_County,_New_Mexico" title="San Juan County, New Mexico">San Juan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">46,237 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hobbs,_New_Mexico" title="Hobbs, New Mexico">Hobbs</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lea_County,_New_Mexico" title="Lea County, New Mexico">Lea</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">39,386 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Clovis,_New_Mexico" title="Clovis, New Mexico">Clovis</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Curry_County,_New_Mexico" title="Curry County, New Mexico">Curry</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">37,612 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Carlsbad,_New_Mexico" title="Carlsbad, New Mexico">Carlsbad</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Eddy_County,_New_Mexico" title="Eddy County, New Mexico">Eddy</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">31,499 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Alamogordo,_New_Mexico" title="Alamogordo, New Mexico">Alamogordo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Otero_County,_New_Mexico" title="Otero County, New Mexico">Otero</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">31,284 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_locations_by_per_capita_income" class="mw-redirect" title="New Mexico locations by per capita income">New Mexico locations by per capita income</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Mexico_counties_by_socioeconomic_factors" title="List of New Mexico counties by socioeconomic factors">List of New Mexico counties by socioeconomic factors</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Note</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>61,547</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>93,516</td><td></td><td>51.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>91,874</td><td></td><td>−1.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>119,565</td><td></td><td>30.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>160,282</td><td></td><td>34.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>195,310</td><td></td><td>21.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>327,301</td><td></td><td>67.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>360,350</td><td></td><td>10.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>423,317</td><td></td><td>17.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>531,818</td><td></td><td>25.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>681,187</td><td></td><td>28.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>951,023</td><td></td><td>39.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>1,016,000</td><td></td><td>6.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>1,302,894</td><td></td><td>28.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>1,515,069</td><td></td><td>16.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>1,819,046</td><td></td><td>20.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>2,059,179</td><td></td><td>13.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>2,117,522</td><td></td><td>2.8%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center">Source: 1910–2020<a href="#cite_note-124">[120]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> The <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a> recorded a population of 2,117,522, an increase of 2.8% from 2,059,179 in the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PopEstUS-125">[121]</a> This was the lowest rate of growth in the western U.S. after Wyoming, and among the slowest nationwide.<a href="#cite_note-Bryan-2021-126">[122]</a> By comparison, between <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States Census">2000</a> and 2010, New Mexico's population increased by 11.7% from 1,819,046—among the fastest growth rates in the country.<a href="#cite_note-bber.unm.edu-127">[123]</a> A report commissioned in 2021 by the New Mexico Legislature attributed the state's slow growth to a <a href="/wiki/Net_migration_rate" title="Net migration rate">negative net migration rate</a>, particularly among those 18 or younger, and to a 19% decline in the birth rate.<a href="#cite_note-Bryan-2021-126">[122]</a> However, growth among Hispanics and Native Americans remained healthy.<a href="#cite_note-128">[124]</a> The U.S. Census Bureau estimated a slight decrease in population, with 3,333 fewer people from July 2021 to July 2022.<a href="#cite_note-Narvaiz-2022-129">[125]</a> This was attributed to deaths exceeding births by roughly 5,000, with <a href="/wiki/Net_migration_rate" title="Net migration rate">net migration</a> mitigating the loss by 1,389.<a href="#cite_note-Narvaiz-2022-129">[125]</a> More than half of New Mexicans (51.4%) were born in the state; 37.9% were born in another state; 1.1% were born in either Puerto Rico, an <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">island territory</a>, or abroad to at least one American parent; and 9.4% were foreign born (compared to a national average of roughly 12%).<a href="#cite_note-130">[126]</a> Almost a quarter of the population (22.7%) was under the age of 18, and the state's median age of 38.4 is <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_median_age" title="List of U.S. states and territories by median age">slightly above the national average</a> of 38.2. New Mexico's somewhat older population is partly reflective of its popularity among retirees: It ranked as the most popular retirement destination in 2018,<a href="#cite_note-131">[127]</a> with an estimated 42% of new residents being retired.<a href="#cite_note-132">[128]</a> Hispanics and Latinos constitute nearly half of all residents (49.3%), giving New Mexico the highest proportion of Hispanic ancestry among the fifty states. This broad classification includes <a href="/wiki/Spanish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish American">descendants</a> of Spanish <a href="/wiki/Colonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonist">colonists</a> who settled between the 16th and 18th centuries as well as recent immigrants from Latin America (particularly Mexico and Central America). From 2000 to 2010, the number of persons in poverty increased to 400,779, or approximately one-fifth of the population.<a href="#cite_note-bber.unm.edu-127">[123]</a> The 2020 census recorded a slightly reduced poverty rate of 18.2%, albeit the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_poverty_rate" title="List of U.S. states and territories by poverty rate">third highest</a> among U.S. states, compared to a national average of 10.5%. Poverty disproportionately affects minorities, with about one-third of African Americans and Native Americans living in poverty, compared with less than a fifth of whites and roughly a tenth of Asians; likewise, New Mexico ranks 49th among states for education equality by race and 32nd for its racial gap in income.<a href="#cite_note-usnews.com-133">[129]</a> New Mexico's population is among the most difficult to count, according to the Center for Urban Research at the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a>, due to the state's size, sparse population, and numerous isolated communities.<a href="#cite_note-Bryan-2021-126">[122]</a> Likewise, the Census Bureau estimated that roughly 43% of the state's population (about 900,000 people) live in such "hard-to-count" areas.<a href="#cite_note-Bryan-2021-126">[122]</a> In response, the New Mexico government invested heavily in public outreach to increase census participation, resulting in a final tally that exceeded earlier estimates and outperformed several neighboring states.<a href="#cite_note-134">[130]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">HUD</a>'s 2022 <a href="/wiki/Annual_Homeless_Assessment_Report_to_Congress" title="Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress">Annual Homeless Assessment Report</a>, there were an estimated 2,560 <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homeless</a> people in New Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-135">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race_and_ethnicity">Race and ethnicity</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_Origins_in_New_Mexico.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ethnic_Origins_in_New_Mexico.png/270px-Ethnic_Origins_in_New_Mexico.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ethnic_Origins_in_New_Mexico.png/405px-Ethnic_Origins_in_New_Mexico.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ethnic_Origins_in_New_Mexico.png/540px-Ethnic_Origins_in_New_Mexico.png 2x" data-file-width="5814" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic origins in New Mexico</figcaption></figure> New Mexico is one of seven <a href="/wiki/Majority_minority_in_the_United_States" title="Majority minority in the United States">"majority-minority"</a> states where <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">non-Hispanic whites</a> constitute less than half the population.<a href="#cite_note-137">[133]</a> As early as 1940, roughly half the population was estimated to be nonwhite.<a href="#cite_note-138">[134]</a> Before becoming a state in 1912, New Mexico was among the few U.S. territories that was predominately nonwhite, which contributed to its delayed admission into the Union.<a href="#cite_note-139">[135]</a> The largest ethnic group is <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino Americans</a>; according to the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 census</a> they account for nearly half the state's population, at 47.7%; they include <a href="/wiki/Hispanos_of_New_Mexico" title="Hispanos of New Mexico">Hispanos</a> descended from pre-United States settlers and more recent successions of <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican Americans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NBC_News_2021-140">[136]</a> Some 200,000 residents, about one-tenth of the population, are of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous</a> descent,<a href="#cite_note-Observer-2022-141">[137]</a> ranking third in size,<a href="#cite_note-142">[138]</a> and second proportionally,<a href="#cite_note-143">[139]</a> nationwide. There are 23 federally recognized tribal nations, each with its distinct culture, history, and identity. Both the <a href="/wiki/Navajo_Nation" title="Navajo Nation">Navajo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apache_Tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Tribe">Apache</a> share <a href="/wiki/Athabaskan" class="mw-redirect" title="Athabaskan">Athabaskan</a> origin, with the latter living on three federal <a href="/wiki/Native_American_reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American reservation">reservations</a> in the state.<a href="#cite_note-144">[140]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Navajo_Nation" title="Navajo Nation">Navajo Nation</a>, which spans over 16 million acres (6.5 million <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">ha</a>), mostly in neighboring <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, is the largest reservation in the U.S., with one-third of its members living in New Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-Observer-2022-141">[137]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Pueblo Indians">Pueblo Indians</a>, who share a similar lifestyle but are culturally and linguistically distinct, live in 19 <a href="/wiki/Puebloans" class="mw-redirect" title="Puebloans">pueblos</a> scattered throughout the state, which collectively span over 2 million acres (800,000 ha).<a href="#cite_note-145">[141]</a> Many indigenous New Mexicans have moved to urban areas throughout the state, and some cities such as Gallup are major hubs of Native American culture.<a href="#cite_note-Beck-McNamee-2023b-146">[142]</a> New Mexico is also a hub for indigenous communities beyond its borders: the annual <a href="/wiki/Gathering_of_Nations" title="Gathering of Nations">Gathering of Nations</a>, which began in 1983, has been described as the largest <a href="/wiki/Pow_wow" class="mw-redirect" title="Pow wow">pow wow</a> in the U.S., drawing hundreds of native tribes from across North America.<a href="#cite_note-147">[143]</a> Almost half of New Mexicans claim Hispanic origin; many are descendants of colonial settlers called <a href="/wiki/Hispanos_of_New_Mexico" title="Hispanos of New Mexico">Hispanos or Neomexicanos</a>, who settled mostly in the north of the state between the 16th and 18th centuries; by contrast, the majority of Mexican immigrants reside in the south. Some Hispanos claim <a href="/wiki/Who_is_a_Jew%3F#New_Mexico's_Crypto-Jews" title="Who is a Jew?">Jewish ancestry</a> through descendance from <a href="/wiki/Converso" title="Converso">conversos</a> or <a href="/wiki/Crypto-Judaism" title="Crypto-Judaism">Crypto-Jews</a> among early Spanish colonists.<a href="#cite_note-148">[144]</a> Many New Mexicans speak a unique dialect known as <a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_Spanish" title="New Mexican Spanish">New Mexican Spanish</a>, which was shaped by the region's historical isolation and various cultural influences; New Mexican Spanish lacks certain vocabulary from other Spanish dialects and uses numerous Native American words for local features, as well as anglicized words that express American concepts and modern inventions.<a href="#cite_note-149">[145]</a> New Mexico has the fourth largest Native American community in the U.S., at over 200,000; comprising roughly one-tenth of all residents, this is the second largest population by percentage after Alaska.<a href="#cite_note-QuickFacts-150">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[147]</a> New Mexico is also the only state besides Alaska where indigenous people have maintained a stable proportion of the population for over a century: In 1890, Native Americans made up 9.4% of New Mexico's population, almost the same percentage as in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-Gibson-Jung-2005-152">[148]</a> By contrast, during that same period, neighboring Arizona went from one-third indigenous to less than 5%.<a href="#cite_note-Gibson-Jung-2005-152">[148]</a> New Mexico's population consists of many <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">mestizo</a> Indo-Hispano groups, including Hispanos of <a href="/wiki/Oasisamerica" title="Oasisamerica">Oasisamerican</a> descent and <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Mexican_Americans" title="Indigenous Mexican Americans">Indigenous Mexican American</a> with <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerican</a> ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-Wheelwright_2012-153">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sanchez_2023-154">[150]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_mexico_counties_by_race.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/New_mexico_counties_by_race.svg/215px-New_mexico_counties_by_race.svg.png" decoding="async" width="215" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/New_mexico_counties_by_race.svg/323px-New_mexico_counties_by_race.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/New_mexico_counties_by_race.svg/429px-New_mexico_counties_by_race.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="208" data-file-height="216" /></a><figcaption>Counties in New Mexico by racial plurality, per the 2020 U.S. census<div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Legend</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> Non-Hispanic White <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  40–50%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend">  50–60%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend">  60–70%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend">  70–80%</div> Native American <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend">  40–50%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend">  80–90%</div> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> Hispanic or Latino <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend">  40–50%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend">  50–60%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend">  60–70%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend">  70–80%</div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </li></ul> </div></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible"> <caption>New Mexico Racial Breakdown of Population </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Racial composition</th> <th>1970<a href="#cite_note-census-155">[151]</a></th> <th>1990<a href="#cite_note-census-155">[151]</a></th> <th>2000<a href="#cite_note-156">[152]</a></th> <th>2010<a href="#cite_note-157">[153]</a> </th> <th>2020<a href="#cite_note-auto-158">[154]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> </td> <td>37.4%</td> <td>38.2%</td> <td>42.1%</td> <td>46.3%</td> <td>47.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">White (non-Hispanic)</a> </td> <td>53.8%</td> <td>50.4%</td> <td>44.7%</td> <td>40.5%</td> <td>36.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native</a></td> <td>7.2%</td> <td>8.9%</td> <td>9.5%</td> <td>9.4% </td> <td>10.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">Black</a></td> <td>1.9%</td> <td>2.0%</td> <td>1.9%</td> <td>2.1% </td> <td>2.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a></td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.9%</td> <td>1.1%</td> <td>1.4% </td> <td>1.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiian" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Hawaiian">Native Hawaiian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">other Pacific Islander</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>0.1%</td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Other</a></td> <td>0.6%</td> <td>12.6%</td> <td>17.0%</td> <td>15.0% </td> <td>15.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Two or more races</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>–</td> <td>3.6%</td> <td>3.7%</td> <td>19.9% </td></tr></tbody></table> According to the 2022 <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a>,<a href="#cite_note-159">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[157]</a> the most commonly claimed ancestry groups in New Mexico were: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican American">Mexican</a> (32.8%)</li> <li>Other Hispanic (<a href="/wiki/Hispanos_of_New_Mexico" title="Hispanos of New Mexico">Hispano</a>/<a href="/wiki/Spanish_Americans" title="Spanish Americans">Spanish</a>) (15.3%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English</a> (8.0%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German</a> (7.9%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a> (6.4%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo" title="Navajo">Navajo</a> (6.3%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebloans" class="mw-redirect" title="Puebloans">Pueblo</a> (2.4%)</li></ul> Census data from 2020 found that 19.9% of the population identifies as multiracial/mixed-race, a population larger than the Native American, Black, Asian and NHPI population groups.<a href="#cite_note-auto-158">[154]</a> Almost 90% of the multiracial population in New Mexico identifies as Hispanic or Latino.<a href="#cite_note-162">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration">Immigration</h3></div> A little over 9% of New Mexican residents are foreign-born, and an additional 6.0% of U.S.-born residents live with at least one immigrant parent.<a href="#cite_note-:1-163">[159]</a> The proportion of foreign-born residents is below the national average of 13.7%, and New Mexico was the only state to see a decline in its immigrant population between 2012 and 2022.<a href="#cite_note-164">[160]</a> In 2018, the top countries of origin for New Mexico's immigrants were Mexico, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, India, Germany and <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>.<a href="#cite_note-165">[161]</a> As of 2021, the vast majority of immigrants in the state came from Mexico (67.6%), followed by the Philippines (3.1%) and Germany (2.4%).<a href="#cite_note-:1-163">[159]</a> Notwithstanding their relatively small population, immigrants play a disproportionately large role in New Mexico's economy, accounting for almost one-eighth (12.5%) of the labor force,15% of entrepreneurs, and 19.1% of personal care aides, as well as 9.1% of workers in STEM fields.<a href="#cite_note-:1-163">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Languages spoken in New Mexico </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row">English only </th> <td>64% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Spanish </th> <td>28% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_language" title="Navajo language">Navajo</a> </th> <td>4% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Others </th> <td>4% </td></tr> </tbody></table> New Mexico ranks third after California and Texas in the number of multilingual residents.<a href="#cite_note-166">[162]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/2010_U.S._census" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 U.S. census">2010 U.S. census</a>, 28.5% of the population age 5 and older speak Spanish at home, while 3.5% speak <a href="/wiki/Navajo_language" title="Navajo language">Navajo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[163]</a> Some speakers of <a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_Spanish" title="New Mexican Spanish">New Mexican Spanish</a> are descendants of pre-18th century Spanish <a href="/wiki/Settler" title="Settler">settlers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-168">[164]</a> Contrary to popular belief, New Mexican Spanish is not an archaic form of 17th-century <a href="/wiki/Castilian_Spanish" title="Castilian Spanish">Castilian Spanish</a>; though some archaic elements exist, linguistic research has determined that the dialect "is neither more Iberian nor more archaic" than other varieties spoken in the Americas.<a href="#cite_note-169">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[166]</a> Nevertheless, centuries of isolation during the colonial period insulated the New Mexican dialect from "standard" Spanish, leading to the preservation of older vocabulary as well as its own innovations.<a href="#cite_note-Atlas_retentions-171">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-Atlas_innovations-172">[168]</a> Besides Navajo, which is also spoken in Arizona, several other <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Native American languages</a> are spoken by smaller groups in New Mexico, most of which are endemic to the state. Native New Mexican languages include <a href="/wiki/Mescalero-Chiricahua_language" title="Mescalero-Chiricahua language">Mescalero Apache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jicarilla_language" title="Jicarilla language">Jicarilla Apache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tewa_language" title="Tewa language">Tewa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Tiwa_language" title="Southern Tiwa language">Southern Tiwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Tiwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Tiwa">Northern Tiwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jemez_language" title="Jemez language">Towa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keres_language" title="Keres language">Keres</a> (Eastern and Western), and <a href="/wiki/Zuni_language" title="Zuni language">Zuni</a>. Mescalero and Jicarilla Apache are closely related <a href="/wiki/Southern_Athabaskan_languages" title="Southern Athabaskan languages">Southern Athabaskan languages</a>, and both are also related to Navajo. Tewa, the Tiwa languages, and Towa belong to the <a href="/wiki/Tanoan_languages" title="Tanoan languages">Kiowa-Tanoan</a> language family, and thus all descend from a <a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">common ancestor</a>. Keres and Zuni are <a href="/wiki/Language_isolate" title="Language isolate">language isolates</a> with no relatives outside of New Mexico. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Official_language">Official language</h4></div> New Mexico's original state constitution of 1911 required all laws be published in both English and Spanish for twenty years after ratification;<a href="#cite_note-173">[169]</a> this requirement was renewed in 1931 and 1943,<a href="#cite_note-Cobarrubia-174">[170]</a> with some sources stating the state was officially bilingual until 1953.<a href="#cite_note-175">[171]</a> Nonetheless, the current constitution does not declare any language "official".<a href="#cite_note-const-176">[172]</a> While Spanish was permitted in the legislature until 1935, all state officials are required to have a good knowledge of English; consequently, some analysts argue that New Mexico cannot be considered a bilingual state, since not all laws are published in both languages.<a href="#cite_note-Cobarrubia-174">[170]</a> However, the state legislature remains constitutionally empowered to publish laws in English and Spanish and to appropriate funds for translation. Whenever a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> to approve an amendment to the New Mexican constitution is held, the ballots must be printed in both English and Spanish.<a href="#cite_note-177">[173]</a> Certain legal notices must be published in both English and Spanish as well, and the state maintains a list of newspapers for Spanish publication.<a href="#cite_note-178">[174]</a> With regard to the judiciary, witnesses and defendants have the right to testify in either of the two languages, and monolingual speakers of Spanish have the same right to be considered for jury duty as do speakers of English.<a href="#cite_note-const-176">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[175]</a> In public education, the state has the constitutional obligation to provide bilingual education and Spanish-speaking instructors in school districts where the majority of students are <a href="/wiki/Hispanophone" title="Hispanophone">Hispanophone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-const-176">[172]</a> The constitution also provides that all state citizens who speak neither English nor Spanish have a right to vote, hold public office, and serve on juries.<a href="#cite_note-180">[176]</a> In 1989, New Mexico became the first of only four states to officially adopt the <a href="/wiki/English_Plus" title="English Plus">English Plus</a> resolution, which supports acceptance of non-English languages.<a href="#cite_note-JosephJE-181">[177]</a> In 1995, the state adopted an official bilingual song, "<a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_%E2%80%93_Mi_Lindo_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="New Mexico – Mi Lindo Nuevo México">New Mexico – Mi Lindo Nuevo México</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Blue_Book_State_Symbols-182">[178]</a>: 75, 81  In 2008, New Mexico was the first state to officially adopt a <a href="/wiki/Navajo_language" title="Navajo language">Navajo</a> textbook for use in public schools.<a href="#cite_note-183">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_New_Mexico" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in New Mexico">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in New Mexico</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1279587269">.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:none;position:relative;width:100px;height:100px;border-radius:50%;background-color:yellowgreen;color:black;border:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie div{position:absolute;transform-origin:left bottom;background-color:#655;color:black;top:0;left:50%;width:50%;height:50%;border-radius:0 500%0 0}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie50{transform-origin:left center;height:100%;border-radius:0 100%100%0/50%}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie12-5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,100%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,32.49197%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie7{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,47.056428%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie1{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,6.2914667%0%,0 100%)}@supports(clip-path:circle(50%)){.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:1em;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend{list-style-type:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:.5em;margin:0;margin-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>span{display:block;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend>li>.l-color{border:1px solid var(--color-base,black);width:.8em;height:.8em;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-container{padding:.5em;padding-bottom:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-caption{margin-bottom:1em;font-size:94%}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{flex-direction:column-reverse}@media screen and (min-width:641px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner>.smooth-pie-container{width:min-content}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{break-inside:avoid-page}}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-container{align-items:center}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend-container{font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-legend{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(190px,1fr));gap:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .thumbinner .smooth-pie-footer{margin-top:.5em}}</style> <div class="pie-thumb thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="smooth-pie-container" style=""> <div class="smooth-pie-legend-container"><div class="smooth-pie-caption">Religious self-identification, per <a href="/wiki/Public_Religion_Research_Institute" title="Public Religion Research Institute">Public Religion Research Institute</a>'s 2022 American Values Survey<a href="#cite_note-184">[180]</a></div> <ol class="smooth-pie-legend"> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church in the United States">Catholicism</a> 35 (34.7%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_United_States" title="Protestantism in the United States">Protestantism</a> 27 (26.7%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a> 1 (0.99%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States" title="Irreligion in the United States">Unaffiliated</a> 31 (30.7%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a> 4 (3.96%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States" title="Buddhism in the United States">Buddhism</a> 1 (0.99%)</li> <li>Other 2 (1.98%)</li> </ol> </div> <div class="smooth-pie" style="width:200px;height:200px;background:Black;color:#000;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;" title="Other 2 (1.98%)" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="pie25" style="background:Purple;color:#000" title="Catholicism 35 (34.7%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:Purple;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.097turn)" title="Catholicism 35 (34.7%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:Blue;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.347turn)" title="Protestantism 27 (26.7%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:Blue;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.364turn)" title="Protestantism 27 (26.7%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.614turn); background:Teal;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 6.29146673% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Mormonism 1 (0.99%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:White;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.624turn)" title="Unaffiliated 31 (30.7%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:White;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.681turn)" title="Unaffiliated 31 (30.7%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.931turn); background:Red;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 25.67563604% 0%, 0 100%)" title="New Age 4 (3.96%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.970turn); background:Yellow;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 6.29146673% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Buddhism 1 (0.99%)"></div> </div> </div></div></div>Like most U.S. states, New Mexico is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholicism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> each constituting roughly a third of the population. According to <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Religion_Data_Archives" title="Association of Religion Data Archives">Association of Religion Data Archives</a> (ARDA), the largest denominations in 2010 were the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> (684,941 members); the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a> (113,452); <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> (67,637), and the <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a> (36,424).<a href="#cite_note-www.thearda.com-185">[181]</a> Approximately one-fifth of residents are <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">unaffiliated with any religion</a>, which includes atheists, agnostics, deists. A 2020 study by the <a href="/wiki/Public_Religion_Research_Institute" title="Public Religion Research Institute">Public Religion Research Institute</a> (PRRI) determined 67% of the population were Christian, with Roman Catholics constituting the largest denominational group.<a href="#cite_note-186">[182]</a> In 2022, the PRRI estimated 63% of the population were Christian.<a href="#cite_note-:0-187">[183]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Fe_San_miguel_chapel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Santa_Fe_San_miguel_chapel.jpg/220px-Santa_Fe_San_miguel_chapel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Santa_Fe_San_miguel_chapel.jpg/330px-Santa_Fe_San_miguel_chapel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Santa_Fe_San_miguel_chapel.jpg/440px-Santa_Fe_San_miguel_chapel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_Chapel" class="mw-redirect" title="San Miguel Chapel">San Miguel Chapel</a>, built in 1610 in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a>, is the oldest church structure in the continental U.S.</figcaption></figure>Roman Catholicism is deeply rooted in New Mexico's history and culture, going back to its settlement by the Spanish in the early 17th century. The oldest Christian church in the continental U.S., and the third oldest in any U.S. state or territory, is the <a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_Mission" title="San Miguel Mission">San Miguel Mission</a> in Santa Fe, which was built in 1610. Within the hierarchy of the Catholic Church, New Mexico belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_province" title="Ecclesiastical province">ecclesiastical province</a> of Santa Fe. The state has three <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">ecclesiastical districts</a>:<a href="#cite_note-188">[184]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Santa_Fe" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Santa Fe">Archdiocese of Santa Fe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Gallup" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Gallup">Diocese of Gallup</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Las_Cruces" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Las Cruces">Diocese of Las Cruces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-189">[185]</a> <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelicalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">nondenominational Christianity</a> have seen growth in the state since the late 20th century: The <a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham_Evangelistic_Association" title="Billy Graham Evangelistic Association">Billy Graham Evangelistic Association</a> has hosted numerous events in New Mexico,<a href="#cite_note-Billy_Graham_Evangelistic_Association_2021-190">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-Poling_2007_p._146-191">[187]</a> and Albuquerque has several <a href="/wiki/Megachurch" title="Megachurch">megachurches</a>, which have numerous satellite locations in the state, including Calvary of Albuquerque, Legacy Church, and Sagebrush Church.<a href="#cite_note-Chief_2021-192">[188]</a> New Mexico has been a leading center of the <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age movement</a> since at least the 1960s, attracting adherents from across the country.<a href="#cite_note-Frommer's-2023-193">[189]</a> The state's "thriving New Age network" encompasses various schools of <a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">alternative medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holistic_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Holistic Health">Holistic Health</a>, <a href="/wiki/Energy_medicine" title="Energy medicine">psychic healing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">new religions</a>, as well as festivals, pilgrimage sites, spiritual retreats, and communes.<a href="#cite_note-Shukman-2006-194">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[191]</a> New Mexico's <a href="/wiki/Japanese_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese American">Japanese American</a> community has influenced the state's religious heritage, with <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a> represented by <a href="/wiki/Kagyu_Shenpen_Kunchab" title="Kagyu Shenpen Kunchab">Kagyu Shenpen Kunchab</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dbun_Chino_Otogawa" title="Kōbun Chino Otogawa">Kōbun Chino Otogawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upaya_Institute_and_Zen_Center" title="Upaya Institute and Zen Center">Upaya Institute and Zen Center</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nealson_2001_p._89-196">[192]</a> Likewise, <a href="/wiki/Holism" title="Holism">Holism</a> is represented in New Mexico, as are associated faiths such as <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventism</a>;<a href="#cite_note-Feith_2014_pp._159–170-197">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vasquez_1996_p.-198">[194]</a> a <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhist</a> temple is located at <a href="/wiki/Zuni_Mountain_Stupa" title="Zuni Mountain Stupa">Zuni Mountain Stupa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Grants,_New_Mexico" title="Grants, New Mexico">Grants</a>. Religious education, art, <a href="/wiki/Religious_broadcasting" title="Religious broadcasting">broadcasting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faith-based_organization" title="Faith-based organization">media</a> exist across religions and faiths in New Mexico, including <a href="/wiki/KHAC" title="KHAC">KHAC</a>, <a href="/wiki/KXXQ" title="KXXQ">KXXQ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dar_al-Islam_(organization)" title="Dar al-Islam (organization)">Dar al-Islam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Intermountain_Jewish_News" title="Intermountain Jewish News">Intermountain Jewish News</a>. Christian schools in New Mexico are encouraged to receive <a href="/wiki/Educational_accreditation" title="Educational accreditation">educational accreditation</a>, and among them are the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Southwest" title="University of the Southwest">University of the Southwest</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Pius_X_High_School_(Albuquerque)" title="St. Pius X High School (Albuquerque)">St. Pius High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hope_Christian_School" title="Hope Christian School">Hope Christian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandia_View_Academy" title="Sandia View Academy">Sandia View Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_High_School" title="St. Michael's High School">St. Michael's High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Las_Cruces_Catholic_School" title="Las Cruces Catholic School">Las Cruces Catholic School</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Bonaventure_Indian_School" title="St. Bonaventure Indian School">St. Bonaventure Indian School</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rehoboth_Christian_School" title="Rehoboth Christian School">Rehoboth Christian School</a>. <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Media in Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque's growing media sector</a> has made it a popular hub for several national <a href="/wiki/Christian_media" title="Christian media">Christian media</a> institutions, such as <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Broadcasting_Network" title="Trinity Broadcasting Network">Trinity Broadcasting Network</a>'s <a href="/wiki/KNAT-TV" title="KNAT-TV">KNAT-TV</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Christian artistic</a> expression includes the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel</a> tradition within <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_music" title="New Mexico music">New Mexico music</a>,<a href="#cite_note-NPR_Spiritual_Exitos-199">[195]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_music" title="Contemporary Christian music">contemporary Christian music</a> such as <a href="/wiki/KLYT" title="KLYT">KLYT</a> radio station.<a href="#cite_note-Maliskas_2020-200">[196]</a> Several indigenous and Christian religious sites are registered and protected as part of regional and global cultural heritage.<a href="#cite_note-New_Mexico_Tourism_Department-201">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-New_Mexico_Native_American_Communities-202">[198]</a> Reflecting centuries of successive migrations and settlements, New Mexico has developed a distinct <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">syncretic</a> <a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">folk religion</a> that is centered on <a href="/wiki/Puebloans" class="mw-redirect" title="Puebloans">Puebloan</a> traditions and <a href="/wiki/Hispanos_of_New_Mexico" title="Hispanos of New Mexico">Hispano</a> <a href="/wiki/Folk_Catholicism" title="Folk Catholicism">folk Catholicism</a>, with some elements of <a href="/wiki/Din%C3%A9_Bahane%CA%BC" title="Diné Bahaneʼ">Diné Bahaneʼ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical</a> faiths.<a href="#cite_note-University_of_Arizona_Press_2018-203">[199]</a> This unique religious tradition is sometimes referred to as "Pueblo Christianity" or "Placita Christianity", referring to both the <a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblos</a> and Hispanic <a href="/wiki/Town_square" title="Town square">town squares</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hendrickson_2017_p._20-204">[200]</a> Customs and practices include the maintenance of <a href="/wiki/Acequia" title="Acequia">acequias</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Czar_2013-205">[201]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_architecture" title="Pueblo architecture">Pueblo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Style" title="Territorial Style">Territorial Style</a> churches,<a href="#cite_note-Czar_2013-205">[201]</a> ceremonial dances such as the <a href="/wiki/Matachines" title="Matachines">matachines</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Interns_2019-206">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Wisdom_Archive_2022-207">[203]</a> <a href="/wiki/Religious_art" title="Religious art">religious artistic</a> expression of <a href="/wiki/Kachina" title="Kachina">kachinas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santo_(art)" title="Santo (art)">santos</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Mills_Taylor_Museum_p.-208">[204]</a> religious holidays celebrating <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saints</a> such as Pueblo Feast Days,<a href="#cite_note-Visit_Albuquerque_2017-209">[205]</a> Christmas traditions of <a href="/wiki/Bizcochito" title="Bizcochito">bizcochitos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luminaria" title="Luminaria">farolitos or luminarias</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Gomez_2020-210">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPS.gov_Homepage_(U.S._National_Park_Service)_2021-211">[207]</a> and pilgrimages like that of <a href="/wiki/El_Santuario_de_Chimayo" title="El Santuario de Chimayo">El Santuario de Chimayo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Trust_for_Public_Land_2022-212">[208]</a> The luminaria tradition is a cultural hallmark of the <a href="/wiki/Puebloans" class="mw-redirect" title="Puebloans">Pueblos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hispanos_of_New_Mexico" title="Hispanos of New Mexico">Hispanos of New Mexico</a> and a part of the state's distinct heritage. The luminaria custom has spread <a href="/wiki/Luminaria#Elsewhere" title="Luminaria">nationwide</a>, both as a Christmas tradition as well as for other events. New Mexico's distinctive faith tradition is believed to reflect the <a href="/wiki/Religious_naturalism" title="Religious naturalism">religious naturalism</a> of the state's indigenous and Hispano peoples, who constitute a pseudo <a href="/wiki/Ethnoreligious_group" title="Ethnoreligious group">ethnoreligious group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lamadrid_1993-213">[209]</a> New Mexico's leadership within otherwise disparate traditions such as Christianity, the <a href="/wiki/Native_American_Church" title="Native American Church">Native American Church</a>, and New Age movements has been linked to its remote and ancient indigenous spirituality, which emphasized sacred connections to nature, and its over 300 years of syncretized Pueblo and Hispano religious and folk customs.<a href="#cite_note-Frommer's-2023-193">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shukman-2006-194">[190]</a> The state's remoteness has likewise been cited as attracting and fostering communities seeking the freedom to practice or cultivate new beliefs.<a href="#cite_note-Shukman-2006-194">[190]</a> Global spiritual leaders including <a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Billy Graham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a>, along with community leaders of <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino Americans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_North_American_Southwest" title="Indigenous peoples of the North American Southwest">indigenous peoples of the North American Southwest</a>, have remarked on New Mexico being a <a href="/wiki/Sacred_space" title="Sacred space">sacred space</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Batchelder_2021-214">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-Preston_2014-215">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rockman_Steele_2003_p.-216">[212]</a> According to a 2017 survey by the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>, New Mexico ranks 18th among the 50 U.S. states in <a href="/wiki/Religiosity" title="Religiosity">religiosity</a>, 63% of respondents stating they believe in God with certainty, with an additional 20% being fairly certain of the existence of God, while 59% considering religion to be important in their lives and another 20% believe it to be somewhat important.<a href="#cite_note-217">[213]</a> Among its population in 2022, 31% were unaffiliated.<a href="#cite_note-:0-187">[183]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_Mexico" title="Economy of New Mexico">Economy of New Mexico</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Overly_detailed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-overly_detailed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may contain an excessive amount of intricate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:DETAIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:DETAIL">detail</a> that may interest only a particular audience. Please help by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_forking#Article_spinoffs:_.22Summary_style.22_meta-articles_and_summary_sections" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Content forking">spinning off</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Handling_trivia#Recommendations_for_handling_trivia" title="Wikipedia:Handling trivia">relocating</a> any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">Wikipedia's inclusion policy</a>. (June 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2008_NM_Proof.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/2008_NM_Proof.png/150px-2008_NM_Proof.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/2008_NM_Proof.png/225px-2008_NM_Proof.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/2008_NM_Proof.png/300px-2008_NM_Proof.png 2x" data-file-width="1064" data-file-height="1069" /></a><figcaption>New Mexico <a href="/wiki/50_state_quarters" class="mw-redirect" title="50 state quarters">state quarter</a>, circulated in April 2008</figcaption></figure> Oil and gas production, the entertainment industry, <a href="/wiki/High_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="High technology">high tech</a> scientific research, tourism, and government spending are important drivers of the state economy.<a href="#cite_note-218">[214]</a> The state government has an elaborate system of tax credits and technical assistance to promote job growth and business investment, especially in new technologies.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-219">[215]</a> As of 2021, New Mexico's gross domestic product was over $95 billion,<a href="#cite_note-220">[216]</a> compared to roughly $80 billion in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-221">[217]</a> State GDP peaked in 2019 at nearly $99 billion but declined in the face of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>. In 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Per_capita_income" title="Per capita income">per capita personal income</a> was slightly over $45,800, compared to $31,474 in 2007;<a href="#cite_note-222">[218]</a> it was the third lowest in the country after West Virginia and Mississippi.<a href="#cite_note-223">[219]</a> The percentage of persons below the <a href="/wiki/Poverty_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty level">poverty level</a> has largely plateaued in the 21st century, from 18.4% in 2005 to 18.2% in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-224">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[221]</a> Traditionally dependent on resource extraction, ranching, and railroad transportation, New Mexico has increasingly shifted towards services, high-end manufacturing, and tourism.<a href="#cite_note-226">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[223]</a> Since 2017, the state has seen a steady rise in the number of annual visitors, culminating in a record-breaking 39.2 million tourists in 2021, which had a total economic income of $10 billion.<a href="#cite_note-AP-2022-228">[224]</a> New Mexico has also seen greater investment in media and scientific research. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oil_and_gas">Oil and gas</h3></div> New Mexico is the second largest <a href="/wiki/Crude_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Crude oil">crude oil</a> and ninth largest natural gas producer in the United States;<a href="#cite_note-229">[225]</a> it overtook North Dakota in oil production in July 2021 and is expected to continue expanding.<a href="#cite_note-230">[226]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Permian_Basin_(North_America)" title="Permian Basin (North America)">Permian</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Basin" title="San Juan Basin">San Juan</a> Basins, which are located partly in New Mexico, account for some of these natural resources. In 2000 the value of oil and gas produced was $8.2 billion,<a href="#cite_note-231">[227]</a> and in 2006, New Mexico accounted for 3.4% of the crude oil, 8.5% of the dry natural gas, and 10.2% of the <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_liquids" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural gas liquids">natural gas liquids</a> produced in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-232">[228]</a> However, the boom in <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic fracturing">hydraulic fracturing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Directional_drilling" title="Directional drilling">horizontal drilling</a> since the mid-2010s led to a large increase in the production of crude oil from the Permian Basin and other U.S. sources; these developments allowed the United States to again become the world's largest producer of crude oil by 2018.<a href="#cite_note-233">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-U.S._Energy_Information_Administration-234">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-New_Mexico_Energy,_Minerals,_Natural_Resources_Department:_Oil_Conservation_Division-235">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[232]</a> New Mexico's oil and gas operations contribute to the state's above-average release of the greenhouse gas <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">methane</a>, including from a national <a href="/wiki/Four_Corners_Methane_Hot_Spot" title="Four Corners Methane Hot Spot">methane hot spot</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Four_Corners" title="Four Corners">Four Corners</a> area.<a href="#cite_note-237">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[236]</a> In common with other <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">states in the Western U.S.</a>, New Mexico receives royalties from the sale of federally owned land to oil and gas companies.<a href="#cite_note-Hedden-2020a-241">[237]</a> It has the highest proportion of federal land with oil and gas, as well as the most lucrative: since the last amendment to the <a href="/wiki/Mineral_Leasing_Act_of_1920" title="Mineral Leasing Act of 1920">U.S. Mineral Leasing Act</a> in 1987, New Mexico had by far the lowest percent of land sold for the minimum statutory amount of $2 per acre, at just 3%; by contrast, all of Arizona's federal land was sold at the lowest rate, followed by Oregon at 98% and Nevada at 84%.<a href="#cite_note-Hedden-2020a-241">[237]</a> The state had the fourth-highest total acreage sold to the oil and gas industry, at about 1.1 million acres, and the second-highest number of acres currently leased fossil fuel production, at 4.3 million acres, after Wyoming's 9.2 million acres; only 11 percent of these lands, or 474,121 acres, are idle, which is the lowest among Western states.<a href="#cite_note-Hedden-2020a-241">[237]</a> Nevertheless, New Mexico has had recurring disputes and discussions with the U.S. government concerning management and revenue rights over federal land.<a href="#cite_note-242">[238]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts_and_entertainment">Arts and entertainment</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albuquerque_Studios.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Albuquerque_Studios.jpg/220px-Albuquerque_Studios.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Albuquerque_Studios.jpg/330px-Albuquerque_Studios.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Albuquerque_Studios.jpg/440px-Albuquerque_Studios.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2676" data-file-height="1784" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Albuquerque Studios">Albuquerque Studios</a>, built in 2007 for the rising demand of film production in the state</figcaption></figure> Reflecting the <a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_American_Southwest" title="Art of the American Southwest">artistic traditions of the American Southwest</a>, New Mexican art has its origins in the folk arts of the indigenous and Hispanic peoples in the region. Pueblo pottery, Navajo rugs, and Hispano religious icons like kachinas and santos are recognized in the global art world.<a href="#cite_note-Steele_1994_p.-243">[239]</a> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe</a>'s presence brought international attention to the Santa Fe art scene, and today the city has several notable art establishments and many commercial art galleries along <a href="/wiki/Canyon_Road,_Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Canyon Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico">Canyon Road</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Reynolds_Reynolds_2022-244">[240]</a> As the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/William_Hanna" title="William Hanna">William Hanna</a>, and the residence of <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Jones" title="Chuck Jones">Chuck Jones</a>, the state also connections to the animation industry.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_Britannica_2010-245">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chuck_Jones_2012-246">[242]</a> New Mexico provides financial incentives for film production, including tax credits valued at 25–40% of eligible in-state spending.<a href="#cite_note-247">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[244]</a> A program enacted in 2019 provides benefits to media companies that commit to investing in the state for at least a decade and that use local talent, crew, and businesses.<a href="#cite_note-KRWG-2021-249">[245]</a> According to the New Mexico Film Office, in 2022, film and television expenditures reached the highest recorded level at over $855 million, compared to $624 million the previous year.<a href="#cite_note-250">[246]</a> During fiscal years 2020–2023, the total direct economic impact from the film tax credit was $2.36 million. In 2018, <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> chose New Mexico for its first U.S. production hub, pledging to spend over $1 billion over the next decade to create one of the largest film studios in North America at <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Albuquerque Studios">Albuquerque Studios</a>.<a href="#cite_note-251">[247]</a> <a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a> followed suit in 2021 with the opening of its own television film studio in the city, committing to spend $500 million in direct production and employ 330 full-time equivalent local jobs over the next decade.<a href="#cite_note-KRWG-2021-249">[245]</a> Albuquerque is consistently recognized by <a href="/wiki/MovieMaker" title="MovieMaker">MovieMaker</a> magazine as one of the top "big cities" in North America to live and work as a filmmaker, and the only city to earn No. 1 for four consecutive years (2019–2022); in 2024, it placed second, after Toronto.<a href="#cite_note-252">[248]</a> <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country music</a> record labels have a presence in the state, following the former success of <a href="/wiki/Warner_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Western">Warner Western</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Padilla_NM_2021-253">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-cherokeephoenix.org_2019-254">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-Music_Connection_Magazine_2022-255">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-American_WestFest-256">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sandberg_Weissman_1989_p.-257">[253]</a> During the 1950s to 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Glen_Campbell" title="Glen Campbell">Glen Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Champs" title="The Champs">The Champs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Duncan_(country_singer)" title="Johnny Duncan (country singer)">Johnny Duncan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Hester" title="Carolyn Hester">Carolyn Hester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Hurricane" title="Al Hurricane">Al Hurricane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waylon_Jennings" title="Waylon Jennings">Waylon Jennings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Reeves" title="Eddie Reeves">Eddie Reeves</a>, and <a href="/wiki/JD_Souther" title="JD Souther">JD Souther</a> recorded on equipment by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Petty" title="Norman Petty">Norman Petty</a> at <a href="/wiki/Clovis,_New_Mexico" title="Clovis, New Mexico">Clovis</a>. Norman Petty's recording studio was a part of the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">rockabilly</a> movement of the 1950s, with the distinctive "Route 66 Rockabilly" stylings of <a href="/wiki/Buddy_Holly" title="Buddy Holly">Buddy Holly</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Fireballs" title="The Fireballs">The Fireballs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gibson_Connell_2005-258">[254]</a> Albuquerque has been referred to as the "<a href="/wiki/Chicano" title="Chicano">Chicano</a> <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a>" due to the popularity of <a href="/wiki/Regional_Mexican" title="Regional Mexican">regional Mexican</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_music_(North_America)" title="Western music (North America)">Western music</a> artists from <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_metropolitan_area" title="Albuquerque metropolitan area">the region</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hunter_American_Association_of_Colleges_for_Teacher_Education_1974_p.-259">[255]</a> A heritage style of country music, called <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_music" title="New Mexico music">New Mexico music</a>, is widely popular throughout the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">southwestern U.S.</a>; outlets for these artists include the radio station <a href="/wiki/KANW" title="KANW">KANW</a>, Los 15 Grandes de Nuevo México music awards, and <a href="/wiki/Al_Hurricane_Jr." title="Al Hurricane Jr.">Al Hurricane Jr.</a> hosts Hurricane Fest to honor his father's music legacy.<a href="#cite_note-Arts_2017-260">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-Los_15_Grandes_De_Nuevo_Mexico_2017-261">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-Albuquerque_Journal_2019-262">[258]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technology">Technology</h3></div> New Mexico is part of the larger Rio Grande Technology Corridor, an emerging alternative to <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a><a href="#cite_note-StackPath-263">[259]</a> consisting of clusters of science and technology institutions stretching from <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Mountains" title="San Juan Mountains">southwestern</a> Colorado to the Gulf of Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-Cao_2020-264">[260]</a> The constituent New Mexico Technology Corridor, centered primarily around Albuquerque, hosts a constellation of high technology and <a href="/wiki/Scientific_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific research">scientific research</a> entities, which include federal facilities such as <a href="/wiki/Sandia_National_Laboratories" title="Sandia National Laboratories">Sandia National Laboratories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Alamos National Laboratories">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Very_Large_Array" title="Very Large Array">Very Large Array</a>; private companies such as <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, <a href="/wiki/HP_Inc." title="HP Inc.">HP</a>, and Facebook; and academic institutions such as the <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Mexico" title="University of New Mexico">University of New Mexico</a> (UNM), <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_State_University" title="New Mexico State University">New Mexico State University</a> (NMSU), and <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Institute_of_Mining_and_Technology" title="New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology">New Mexico Tech</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Muska_2015-265">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-Martin_2021-266">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lorenz_2022-79">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-Albuquerque_Journal_2022-267">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-Herron_Herron_2021-268">[264]</a> Most of these entities form part of an "ecosystem" that links their researchers and resources with private capital, often through initiatives of local, state, and federal governments.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-269">[265]</a> New Mexico has been a science and technology hub since at least the mid-20th century, following heavy federal government investment during the Second World War. Los Alamos was the site of <a href="/wiki/Project_Y" title="Project Y">Project Y</a>, the laboratory responsible for designing and developing the world's first atomic bomb for the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a>. Horticulturist <a href="/wiki/Fabi%C3%A1n_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Fabián García">Fabián García</a> developed several new varieties of peppers and other crops at what is now NMSU, which is also a leading <a href="/wiki/National_Space_Grant_College_and_Fellowship_Program" title="National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program">space grant college</a>. <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Goddard" title="Robert H. Goddard">Robert H. Goddard</a>, credited with ushering the space age, conducted many of his <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Goddard#Roswell,_New_Mexico" title="Robert H. Goddard">early rocketry tests in Roswell</a>. Astronomer <a href="/wiki/Clyde_Tombaugh" title="Clyde Tombaugh">Clyde Tombaugh</a> of Las Cruces discovered Pluto in neighboring Arizona. Personal computer company <a href="/wiki/Micro_Instrumentation_and_Telemetry_Systems" title="Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems">MITS</a>, which was founded in Albuquerque in 1969, brought about the "<a href="/wiki/Microcomputer_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Microcomputer revolution">microcomputer revolution</a>" with the development of the first commercially successful <a href="/wiki/Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">microcomputer</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Altair_8800" title="Altair 8800">Altair 8800</a>; two of its employees, Paul Allen and Bill Gates, later founded <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> in the city in 1975.<a href="#cite_note-NMSU-270">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-OSTI.GOV_U.S._Department_of_Energy_Office_of_Scientific_and_Technical_Information_1954-271">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Historical_Marker_Database_2021-272">[268]</a> Multinational technology company Intel, which has had operations in Rio Rancho since 1980, opened its Fab 9 factory in the city in January 2024, part of its commitment to invest $3.5 billion in expanding its operations in the state; it is the company's first high-volume semiconductor operation and the only U.S. factory producing the world's most advanced <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit_packaging" title="Integrated circuit packaging">packaging solutions</a> at scale.<a href="#cite_note-273">[269]</a> The New Mexican government has aimed to develop the state into a major center for technology startups, namely through financial incentives and public-private partnerships.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-269">[265]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bioscience" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioscience">bioscience sector</a> has experienced particularly robust growth, beginning with the 2013 opening of a BioScience Center in Albuquerque, the state's first private incubator for biotechnology startups; New Mexicans have since founded roughly 150 bioscience companies, which have received more patents than any other sector.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-219">[215]</a> In 2017, New Mexico established the Bioscience Authority to foster local industry development; the following year, pharmaceutical company Curia built two large facilities in Albuquerque, and in 2022 announced plans to invest $100 million to expand local operations.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-219">[215]</a> The state is also positioning itself to play a leading role in developing <a href="/wiki/Quantum_computing" title="Quantum computing">quantum computing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quantum_dot" title="Quantum dot">quantum dot</a>, and clean energy technologies.<a href="#cite_note-Miller_2022-274">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-LabNews_2022-275">[271]</a> New Mexico's high altitude, generally clear skies, and sparse population have long fostered astronomical and aerospace activities, beginning with the ancient observatories of the <a href="/wiki/Chaco_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Chaco Culture National Historical Park">Chaco Canyon culture</a>; the "Space Triangle" between Roswell, Alamogordo, and Las Cruces has seen the highest concentration rocket tests and launches.<a href="#cite_note-NM_Art-2021-276">[272]</a> New Mexico is sometimes considered the birthplace of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._space_program" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. space program">U.S. space program</a>, beginning with Goddard's design of the first liquid fuel rocket in Roswell in the 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-277">[273]</a> The first rocket to reach space flew from <a href="/wiki/White_Sands_Missile_Range" title="White Sands Missile Range">White Sands Missile Range</a> in 1948, and both NASA and the Department of Defense continue to develop and test rockets there and at the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Holloman_Air_Force_Base" title="Holloman Air Force Base">Holloman Air Force Base</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NM_Art-2021-276">[272]</a> New Mexico has also become a major center for <a href="/wiki/Private_spaceflight" title="Private spaceflight">private space flight</a>, hosting the world's first purpose-built commercial <a href="/wiki/Spaceport" title="Spaceport">spaceport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spaceport_America" title="Spaceport America">Spaceport America</a>, which anchors several major aerospace companies and associated contractors, most notably Branson's <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic">Virgin Galactic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Defense_Innovation_Unit_2022-278">[274]</a> In November 2022, the New Mexico State Investment Council, which manages that state's $38 billion sovereign wealth fund, announced it would commit $100 million towards America's Frontier Fund (AFF), a new <a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">venture capital</a> firm that will focus on advanced technologies such as microelectronics and semiconductors, advanced manufacturing, artificial intelligence, new energy sources, synthetic biology and quantum sciences.<a href="#cite_note-279">[275]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture_and_food_production">Agriculture and food production</h3></div> Although much of its land is arid, New Mexico has hosted a variety of agricultural activities for at least 2,500 years, centered mostly on the Rio Grande and its tributaries. This is helped by its long history of <a href="/wiki/Acequia" title="Acequia">acequias</a>, along with other farming and ranching methods within New Mexico. It is regulated by the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Department_of_Agriculture" title="New Mexico Department of Agriculture">New Mexico Department of Agriculture</a>, specialty areas include various <a href="/wiki/Cash_crop" title="Cash crop">cash crops</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cattle_ranching" class="mw-redirect" title="Cattle ranching">cattle ranching</a>, farming, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Department_of_Game_and_Fish" title="New Mexico Department of Game and Fish">game and fish</a>. Agriculture contributes $40 billion to New Mexico's economy and employs nearly 260,000 people. As of 2023, the state exports $275 million in agricultural goods and ranks first nationwide in the production of chile peppers, second in pecans, and fifth in onions.<a href="#cite_note-280">[276]</a> The state vegetables are <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_chile" title="New Mexico chile">New Mexico chile</a> peppers and <a href="/wiki/Pinto_bean" title="Pinto bean">pinto beans</a>, with the former being the most famous and valuable crop. According to the 2017 Census of Agriculture, New Mexico ranked first in the nation for chile pepper acreage, with Doña Ana and Luna counties placing first and second among U.S. counties in this regard.<a href="#cite_note-Bustillos-2021-281">[277]</a> New Mexico chile sold close to $40 million in 2021, while dry beans accounted for $7.6 million that year. New Mexico is one of the few states commercially producing <a href="/wiki/Pistachio" title="Pistachio">pistachios</a>, and its piñon harvest (<a href="/wiki/Pine_nut" title="Pine nut">pine nut</a>) is a protected commodity.<a href="#cite_note-Albuquerque_Journal_2023-282">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-USDA-283">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fischer_2021-284">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-AP_NEWS_2022-285">[281]</a> Dairy is the state's largest commodity, with sales of milk alone totaling $1.3 billion.<a href="#cite_note-Bustillos-2021-281">[277]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dean_Foods" title="Dean Foods">Dean Foods</a> owns the Creamland brand in New Mexico, the brand was originally founded in 1937 to expand a cooperative dairy venture known as the Albuquerque Dairy Association.<a href="#cite_note-Lazell_Payne_2007_p._105-286">[282]</a> Southwest Cheese Company in <a href="/wiki/Clovis,_New_Mexico" title="Clovis, New Mexico">Clovis</a> is among the largest cheese production facilities in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Food_Processing_Technology_2004-287">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sánchez_Spude_Gómez_2013_p._323-288">[284]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vaquero#American_Southwest" title="Vaquero">Caballero</a> history among the indigenous and Hispano communities in New Mexico have resulted in large-scale <a href="/wiki/Ranch" title="Ranch">ranch</a> lands throughout the state, most of which are within historically Apache, Navajo, Pueblo, and Spanish land grants.<a href="#cite_note-Gunnerson_1988-289">[285]</a> Wild game and fish found in the state include <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_cutthroat_trout" title="Rio Grande cutthroat trout">Rio Grande cutthroat trout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_trout" title="Rainbow trout">rainbow trout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crayfish" title="Crayfish">crawdads</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Venison" title="Venison">venison</a>. Restaurant chains originating in the state include <a href="/wiki/Blake%27s_Lotaburger" title="Blake's Lotaburger">Blake's Lotaburger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boba_Tea_Company" title="Boba Tea Company">Boba Tea Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dion%27s" title="Dion's">Dion's Pizza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_Anita%27s" title="Little Anita's">Little Anita's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mac%27s_Steak_in_the_Rough" title="Mac's Steak in the Rough">Mac's Steak in the Rough</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Twisters_(restaurant)" title="Twisters (restaurant)">Twisters</a>; many specialize in <a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">New Mexican cuisine</a>. Some companies like <a href="/wiki/Allsup%27s" title="Allsup's">Allsup's</a> gas stations have consumer foods, like chimichangas.<a href="#cite_note-Krajewski_2021-290">[286]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3></div> New Mexico's distinctive culture, rich artistic scene, favorable climate, and diverse geography have long been major drivers of tourism. As early as 1880, the state was a major destination for travelers suffering from respiratory illnesses (particularly tuberculosis), with its altitude and aridity believed to be beneficial to the lungs.<a href="#cite_note-291">[287]</a> Since the mid aughts, New Mexico has seen a steady rise in annual visitors, welcoming a record-breaking 39.2 million tourists in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-AP-2022-228">[224]</a> New Mexico's unique culinary scene has garnered increasing national attention, including numerous <a href="/wiki/James_Beard_Foundation_Award" title="James Beard Foundation Award">James Beard Foundation Awards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-292">[288]</a> The state has been featured in major travel television shows such as <a href="/wiki/Diners,_Drive-Ins_and_Dives" title="Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives">Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Bourdain:_Parts_Unknown" title="Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown">Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Man_v._Food_Nation" title="Man v. Food Nation">Man v. Food Nation</a>, and others. <a href="/wiki/Outdoor_recreation" title="Outdoor recreation">Outdoor recreation</a> in the area is fueled by a variety of internationally recognized nature reserves, public parks, ski resorts, hiking trails, and hunting and fishing areas. New Mexico's government is actively involved in promoting tourism, launching the nation's first state publication, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Magazine" title="New Mexico Magazine">New Mexico Magazine</a>, in 1923.<a href="#cite_note-293">[289]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Tourism_Department" title="New Mexico Tourism Department">New Mexico Tourism Department</a> administers the magazine and is also responsible for the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_True" title="New Mexico True">New Mexico True</a> campaign. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holloman_AFB_F-22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Holloman_AFB_F-22.jpg/250px-Holloman_AFB_F-22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Holloman_AFB_F-22.jpg/330px-Holloman_AFB_F-22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Holloman_AFB_F-22.jpg/500px-Holloman_AFB_F-22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1794" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/F-22_Raptor" class="mw-redirect" title="F-22 Raptor">F-22 Raptor</a> flown by the <a href="/wiki/49th_Fighter_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="49th Fighter Wing">49th Fighter Wing</a> at <a href="/wiki/Holloman_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Holloman AFB">Holloman AFB</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal government</a> spending is a major driver of the New Mexico economy. In 2021, the federal government spent $2.48 on New Mexico for every dollar of tax revenue collected from the state, higher than every state except Kentucky.<a href="#cite_note-294">[290]</a> The same year, New Mexico received $9,624 per resident in federal services, or roughly $20 billion more than what the state pays in federal taxes.<a href="#cite_note-295">[291]</a> The state governor's office estimated that the federal government spends roughly $7.8 billion annually in services such as healthcare, infrastructure development, and public welfare.<a href="#cite_note-Bryan-2021-126">[122]</a> Federal employees make up 3.4% of New Mexico's labor force.<a href="#cite_note-Hedden-2020a-241">[237]</a> Many federal jobs in the state relate to the military: the state hosts three air force bases (<a href="/wiki/Kirtland_Air_Force_Base" title="Kirtland Air Force Base">Kirtland Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holloman_Air_Force_Base" title="Holloman Air Force Base">Holloman Air Force Base</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cannon_Air_Force_Base" title="Cannon Air Force Base">Cannon Air Force Base</a>); a testing range (<a href="/wiki/White_Sands_Missile_Range" title="White Sands Missile Range">White Sands Missile Range</a>); and an army proving ground (<a href="/wiki/Fort_Bliss" title="Fort Bliss">Fort Bliss</a>'s McGregor Range). A 2005 study by <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_State_University" title="New Mexico State University">New Mexico State University</a> estimated that 11.7% of the state's total employment arises directly or indirectly from military spending.<a href="#cite_note-296">[292]</a> New Mexico is also home to two major federal research institutions: the <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandia_National_Laboratories" title="Sandia National Laboratories">Sandia National Laboratories</a>. The former alone accounts for 24,000 direct and indirect jobs and over $3 billion in annual federal investment as of 2019.<a href="#cite_note-297">[293]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Economic_incentives">Economic incentives</h4></div> New Mexico provides a number of economic incentives to businesses operating in the state, including various types of <a href="/wiki/Tax_credits" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax credits">tax credits</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tax_exemptions" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax exemptions">tax exemptions</a>. Most incentives are based on job creation: state and local governments are permitted to provide land, buildings, and infrastructure to businesses that will generate employment.<a href="#cite_note-298">[294]</a> Several municipalities impose an Economic Development <a href="/wiki/Gross_receipts_tax" title="Gross receipts tax">Gross receipts tax</a> (a form of Municipal Infrastructure GRT) to pay for these infrastructure improvements and for marketing their areas.<a href="#cite_note-299">[295]</a> The New Mexico Finance Authority operates the New Market Tax Credits (NMTC) to provide greater access to financing for new, expanding, or relocating businesses in "highly distressed" areas (defined by metrics such as poverty above 30% and median family income below 60% of the statewide median).<a href="#cite_note-300">[296]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Taxation">Taxation</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_New_Mexico" title="Taxation in New Mexico">Taxation in New Mexico</a></div> New Mexico is one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Tax_haven" title="Tax haven">tax havens</a> in the U.S., offering numerous economic incentives and <a href="/wiki/Tax_break" title="Tax break">tax breaks</a> on <a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">personal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corporate_tax_in_the_United_States" title="Corporate tax in the United States">corporate income</a>.<a href="#cite_note-301">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[298]</a> It does not levy taxes on <a href="/wiki/Inheritance_tax" title="Inheritance tax">inheritance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estate_tax_in_the_United_States" title="Estate tax in the United States">estate</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Sales_tax" title="Sales tax">sales</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bell-2016-303">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[300]</a> Personal <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income tax</a> rates range from 1.7% to 5.9% within five income brackets;<a href="#cite_note-305">[301]</a> the top marginal rate was increased from 4.9% in 2021 per a 2019 law.<a href="#cite_note-306">[302]</a> <a href="/wiki/Active_duty" title="Active duty">Active-duty military</a> salaries are exempt from state income tax, as is income earned by Native American members of federally recognized tribes on tribal land.<a href="#cite_note-307">[303]</a> New Mexico imposes a <a href="/wiki/Gross_Receipts_Tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross Receipts Tax">Gross Receipts Tax</a> (GRT) on many transactions, which may even include some governmental receipts. This resembles a <a href="/wiki/Sales_tax" title="Sales tax">sales tax</a> but, unlike the sales taxes in many states, it applies to services as well as tangible goods. Normally, the provider or seller passes the tax on to the purchaser; however, legal incidence and burden apply to the business, as an <a href="/wiki/Excise_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Excise tax">excise tax</a>. GRT is imposed by <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Taxation_and_Revenue_Department" title="New Mexico Taxation and Revenue Department">the state</a> and by some counties and municipalities.<a href="#cite_note-308">[304]</a> As of 2021, the combined tax rate ranged from 5.125% to 9.063%.<a href="#cite_note-309">[305]</a> <a href="/wiki/Property_tax" title="Property tax">Property tax</a> is imposed on <a href="/wiki/Real_property" title="Real property">real property</a> by the state, by counties, and by school districts. In general, personal use <a href="/wiki/Personal_property" title="Personal property">personal property</a> is not subject to property taxation. On the other hand, property tax is levied on most business-use personal property. The taxable value of property is one-third the assessed value. A tax rate of about 30 <a href="/wiki/Mill_(currency)" title="Mill (currency)">mills</a> is applied to the taxable value, resulting in an effective tax rate of about 1%. In the 2005 tax year, the average millage was about 26.47 for residential property, and 29.80 for non-residential property. Assessed values of residences cannot be increased by more than 3% per year unless the residence is remodeled or sold. Property tax deductions are available for military veterans and heads of household.<a href="#cite_note-310">[306]</a> A 2021 analysis by the nonprofit Tax Foundation placed New Mexico 23rd in business tax climate; its property taxes were found to be the least burdensome in the U.S., while taxation for unemployment insurance and on corporations each ranked as the ninth least burdensome.<a href="#cite_note-311">[307]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wealth_and_poverty">Wealth and poverty</h3></div> New Mexico is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_poverty_rate" title="List of U.S. states and territories by poverty rate">poorest states in the U.S.</a> and has long struggled with <a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">poverty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chief-2021-312">[308]</a> Its poverty rate of roughly 18% is among the highest in the country, exceeded only by Louisiana and Mississippi. In 2017, nearly 30% of New Mexico's children were in poverty, which is 40% higher than the national average.<a href="#cite_note-usnews.com-133">[129]</a> The majority of births (54%) were financed by <a href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a>, a federal healthcare program for the poor, the third highest of any state.<a href="#cite_note-313">[309]</a> As of May 2021, around 44% of residents were enrolled in Medicaid. New Mexico ranks 39th in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_the_number_of_millionaire_households" title="List of U.S. states by the number of millionaire households">share of households</a> with more than $1 million in wealth (5%), and among fourteen states without a <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> company.<a href="#cite_note-314">[310]</a> The state has a relatively high level of <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_Gini_coefficient" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by Gini coefficient">income disparity</a>, with a <a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini coefficient</a> of 0.4769, albeit below the national average of 0.486. Household income is slightly less than $47,000, which is the fourth lowest in the U.S. The unemployment rate for June 2021 is 7.9%, tied with Connecticut as the highest in the country, and close to the peak of 8.0% for June–October 2010, following the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">2007–2008 financial crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-315">[311]</a> The New Mexico government has enacted several policies to address chronic poverty, including approving a <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage_in_the_United_States" title="Minimum wage in the United States">minimum wage</a> increase in January 2021 and requiring paid sick leave.<a href="#cite_note-Chief-2021-312">[308]</a> The state's minimum wage of $10.50 is <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage_in_the_United_States#State_laws" title="Minimum wage in the United States">higher than</a> that of the federal government and 34 other states;<a href="#cite_note-316">[312]</a> it is set to increase to $11.50 on January 1, 2022, and $12.00 on January 1, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-317">[313]</a> Additionally, counties and municipalities have set their own minimum wages; Santa Fe County enacted a "Living Wage Ordinance" on March 1, 2021, mandating $12.32.<a href="#cite_note-318">[314]</a> The New Mexico Legislature is considering implementing a statewide <a href="/wiki/Universal_basic_income" title="Universal basic income">guaranteed basic income</a> program targeting poorer residents; if enacted, it would be only the second U.S. state after California with such a policy.<a href="#cite_note-319">[315]</a> In August 2021, Santa Fe announced a one-year pilot program that would provide a "stability stipend" of $400 monthly to 100 parents under the age of 30 who attend <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Community_College" title="Santa Fe Community College">Santa Fe Community College</a>;<a href="#cite_note-320">[316]</a> the results of the program will determine whether the state government follows suit with its own basic income proposals.<a href="#cite_note-McDevitt-321">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chief-2021-312">[308]</a> Las Cruces, the state's second largest city, is officially discussing the enactment of a similar program.<a href="#cite_note-McDevitt-321">[317]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Mexico_border_New_Mexico.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/USA_Mexico_border_New_Mexico.JPG/220px-USA_Mexico_border_New_Mexico.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/USA_Mexico_border_New_Mexico.JPG/330px-USA_Mexico_border_New_Mexico.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/USA_Mexico_border_New_Mexico.JPG/440px-USA_Mexico_border_New_Mexico.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>In this photo, the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Mexico–United States border</a> divides <a href="/wiki/Sunland_Park,_New_Mexico" title="Sunland Park, New Mexico">Sunland Park</a> and the Mexican state of <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a>.</figcaption></figure> New Mexico has long been an important corridor for trade and <a href="/wiki/Human_migration" title="Human migration">migration</a>. The builders of the ruins at <a href="/wiki/Chaco_Canyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaco Canyon">Chaco Canyon</a> also created a radiating network of roads from the mysterious settlement.<a href="#cite_note-322">[318]</a> Chaco Canyon's trade function shifted to <a href="/wiki/Casas_Grandes" title="Casas Grandes">Casas Grandes</a> in the present-day Mexican <a href="/wiki/State_of_Chihuahua" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Chihuahua">state of Chihuahua</a>; however, north–south trade continued. The pre-<a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Columbian</a> trade with <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_cultures" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesoamerican cultures">Mesoamerican cultures</a> included northbound exotic birds, seashells and copper. Turquoise, pottery, and salt were some of the goods transported south along the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a>. Present-day New Mexico's pre-Columbian trade is especially remarkable for being undertaken on foot. The north–south trade route later became a path for horse-drawn colonists arriving from <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> as well as trade and communication; later called <a href="/wiki/El_Camino_Real_de_Tierra_Adentro" class="mw-redirect" title="El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro">El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro</a>, it was among the four "royal roads" that were crucial lifelines to Spanish colonial possessions in North America.<a href="#cite_note-Suina-323">[319]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Fe_Trail_sign_IMG_0516.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Santa_Fe_Trail_sign_IMG_0516.JPG/250px-Santa_Fe_Trail_sign_IMG_0516.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Santa_Fe_Trail_sign_IMG_0516.JPG/330px-Santa_Fe_Trail_sign_IMG_0516.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Santa_Fe_Trail_sign_IMG_0516.JPG/500px-Santa_Fe_Trail_sign_IMG_0516.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Santa Fe trail sign</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Trail" title="Santa Fe Trail">Santa Fe Trail</a> was the 19th-century territory's vital commercial and military highway link to the Eastern United States.<a href="#cite_note-324">[320]</a> Several trails that terminated in northern New Mexico, including the Camino Real, the Santa Fe Trail and the <a href="/wiki/Old_Spanish_Trail_(trade_route)" title="Old Spanish Trail (trade route)">Old Spanish Trail</a> are recognized as <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historic Trail">National Historic Trails</a>. New Mexico's latitude and low passes made it an attractive east–west transportation corridor.<a href="#cite_note-325">[321]</a> As a territory, the <a href="/wiki/Gadsden_Purchase" title="Gadsden Purchase">Gadsden Purchase</a> increased New Mexico's land area for the purpose of constructing a southern <a href="/wiki/Transcontinental_railroad" title="Transcontinental railroad">transcontinental railroad</a>, that of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Railroad" title="Southern Pacific Railroad">Southern Pacific Railroad</a>. Another transcontinental railroad was completed by the <a href="/wiki/Atchison,_Topeka_and_Santa_Fe_Railway" title="Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway">Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway</a>. The railroads essentially replaced the earlier trails but prompted a population boom. Early transcontinental <a href="/wiki/Auto_trail" title="Auto trail">auto trails</a> later crossed the state, bringing more migrants. Railroads were later supplemented or replaced by a system of highways and airports. Today, New Mexico's <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate Highway">Interstate Highways</a> approximate the earlier land routes of the Camino Real, the Santa Fe Trail and the transcontinental railroads. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Speed_limits_in_the_United_States_by_jurisdiction#New_Mexico" title="Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction">Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction § New Mexico</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Mexico_highways" class="mw-redirect" title="List of New Mexico highways">List of New Mexico highways</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National-atlas-new-mexico.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/National-atlas-new-mexico.png/220px-National-atlas-new-mexico.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/National-atlas-new-mexico.png/330px-National-atlas-new-mexico.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/National-atlas-new-mexico.png/440px-National-atlas-new-mexico.png 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Personal automobiles remain the primary means of transportation for most New Mexicans, especially in rural areas.<a href="#cite_note-abqjournal.com-119">[115]</a> The state had 59,927 route miles of highway as of 2000<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Mexico&action=edit">[update]</a>, of which 7,037 receive federal aid.<a href="#cite_note-326">[322]</a> In that same year there were 1,003 miles (1,614 km) of freeways, of which a thousand were the route miles of Interstate Highways <a href="/wiki/Interstate_10_in_New_Mexico" title="Interstate 10 in New Mexico">10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_25_in_New_Mexico" title="Interstate 25 in New Mexico">25</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_40_in_New_Mexico" title="Interstate 40 in New Mexico">40</a>.<a href="#cite_note-327">[323]</a> The former number has increased with the upgrading of roads near <a href="/wiki/Pojoaque,_New_Mexico" title="Pojoaque, New Mexico">Pojoaque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Las_Cruces,_New_Mexico" title="Las Cruces, New Mexico">Las Cruces</a> to freeways. Notable bridges include the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Gorge_Bridge" title="Rio Grande Gorge Bridge">Rio Grande Gorge Bridge</a> near <a href="/wiki/Taos,_New_Mexico" title="Taos, New Mexico">Taos</a>. Larger cities in New Mexico typically have some form of public transportation by road; <a href="/wiki/ABQ_RIDE" title="ABQ RIDE">ABQ RIDE</a> is the largest such system in the state.<a href="#cite_note-328">[324]</a> Rural and intercity public transportation by road is provided by <a href="/wiki/Americanos_USA,_LLC" class="mw-redirect" title="Americanos USA, LLC">Americanos USA, LLC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Lines" title="Greyhound Lines">Greyhound Lines</a> and several government operators. New Mexico is plagued by poor road conditions, with roughly a third of its roadways suffering from "inadequate state and local funding".<a href="#cite_note-By-329">[325]</a> As of 2001<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Mexico&action=edit">[update]</a>, 703 highway bridges, or one percent, were declared "structurally deficient" or "structurally obsolete".<a href="#cite_note-330">[326]</a> Data from 2019 found 207 bridges and more than 3,822 miles of highway in less than subpar condition, resulting in greater commute times and higher costs in vehicles maintenance.<a href="#cite_note-331">[327]</a> New Mexico has historically had a problem with drunk driving, though this has lessened: According to the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>, the state once had the nation's highest alcohol-related crash rates but ranked 25th in this regard by July 2009.<a href="#cite_note-332">[328]</a> The highway traffic fatality rate was 1.9 per million miles traveled in 2000, the 13th highest rate among U.S. states.<a href="#cite_note-333">[329]</a> A 2022 report cited poor road as a major factor in New Mexico's continually high traffic fatalities; between 2015 and 2019, close 1,900 people were killed in automotive crashes in the state.<a href="#cite_note-By-329">[325]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Highways">Highways</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._Routes_in_New_Mexico" title="List of U.S. Routes in New Mexico">List of U.S. Routes in New Mexico</a></div> New Mexico has only three <a href="/wiki/List_of_Interstate_Highways_in_New_Mexico" title="List of Interstate Highways in New Mexico">Interstate Highways</a>: <a href="/wiki/Interstate_10_in_New_Mexico" title="Interstate 10 in New Mexico">Interstate 10</a> travels southwest from <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">the Arizona</a> state line near <a href="/wiki/Lordsburg,_New_Mexico" title="Lordsburg, New Mexico">Lordsburg</a> to the area between <a href="/wiki/Las_Cruces,_New_Mexico" title="Las Cruces, New Mexico">Las Cruces</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthony,_New_Mexico" title="Anthony, New Mexico">Anthony</a>, near <a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a>; <a href="/wiki/Interstate_25_in_New_Mexico" title="Interstate 25 in New Mexico">Interstate 25</a> is a major north–south interstate highway starting from Las Cruces to the <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> state line near <a href="/wiki/Raton,_New_Mexico" title="Raton, New Mexico">Raton</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_40_in_New_Mexico" title="Interstate 40 in New Mexico">Interstate 40</a> is a major east–west interstate highway starting from the Arizona state line west of <a href="/wiki/Gallup,_New_Mexico" title="Gallup, New Mexico">Gallup</a> to the Texas state line east from <a href="/wiki/Tucumcari,_New_Mexico" title="Tucumcari, New Mexico">Tucumcari</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a>, I-25 and I-40 meet at a stack interchange called <a href="/wiki/Big_I" title="Big I">The Big I</a>. The state is tied with Delaware, North Dakota, Puerto Rico, and Rhode Island in having the fewest primary interstate routes, which is partly a reflection of its rugged geography and sparse population.<a href="#cite_note-334">[330]</a> New Mexico currently has <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._Routes_in_New_Mexico" title="List of U.S. Routes in New Mexico">15 United States Highways</a>, which account for over 2,980 miles (4,800 km) of its highway system. All but seven of its 33 counties are served by U.S. routes, with most of the remainder connected by Interstate Highways. Most routes were built in 1926 by the state government and are still managed and maintained by state or local authorities. The longest is <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_70_in_New_Mexico" title="U.S. Route 70 in New Mexico">U.S. 70</a>, which spans over 448 miles (721 km) across southern New Mexico, making up roughly 15% of the state's total U.S. Highway length; the shortest is <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_160_in_New_Mexico" title="U.S. Route 160 in New Mexico">U.S. 160</a>, which runs just 0.86 miles (1.38 km) across the <a href="/wiki/Four_Corners" title="Four Corners">northwestern</a> corner of the state, between the <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> borders. The most famous route in New Mexico, if not the United States, was <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_66" title="U.S. Route 66">U.S. 66</a>, colloquially known as the nation's "Mother Road" for its scenic beauty and importance to migrants fleeing West from the <a href="/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl">Dust Bowl</a> of the 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-335">[331]</a> The road crossed through <a href="/wiki/Northern_New_Mexico" title="Northern New Mexico">northern New Mexico</a>, connecting the cities of <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gallup,_New_Mexico" title="Gallup, New Mexico">Gallup</a>, before being replaced by I-40 in 1985. Much of U.S. 66 remains in use for tourism and has been preserved for historical significance.<a href="#cite_note-336">[332]</a> Another famous route was <a href="/wiki/US_666" class="mw-redirect" title="US 666">U.S. 666</a>, which ran south to north along the western portion of the state, serving the Four Corners area. It was known as the "Devil's Highway" due to the number <a href="/wiki/666_(number)" title="666 (number)">666</a> denoting the "<a href="/wiki/Number_of_the_beast" title="Number of the beast">Number of the beast</a>" in Christianity; this numerical designation, as well as its high fatality rate was subject to controversy, superstition, and numerous cultural references. U.S. 666 was subsequently renamed U.S. Route 491 in 2003. Many existing and former highways in New Mexico are recognized for their aesthetic, cultural, or historical significance, particularly for tourism purposes.<a href="#cite_note-337">[333]</a> The state hosts ten out of 184 "America's Byways", which are federally designated for preservation due to their scenic beauty or national importance.<a href="#cite_note-338">[334]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Mexico_railroads" title="List of New Mexico railroads">List of New Mexico railroads</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cumbres_%26_Toltec_Scenic_Railroad_excursion_train_headed_by_locomotive_484_in_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Cumbres_%26_Toltec_Scenic_Railroad_excursion_train_headed_by_locomotive_484_in_2015.jpg/220px-Cumbres_%26_Toltec_Scenic_Railroad_excursion_train_headed_by_locomotive_484_in_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Cumbres_%26_Toltec_Scenic_Railroad_excursion_train_headed_by_locomotive_484_in_2015.jpg/330px-Cumbres_%26_Toltec_Scenic_Railroad_excursion_train_headed_by_locomotive_484_in_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Cumbres_%26_Toltec_Scenic_Railroad_excursion_train_headed_by_locomotive_484_in_2015.jpg/440px-Cumbres_%26_Toltec_Scenic_Railroad_excursion_train_headed_by_locomotive_484_in_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7147" data-file-height="4747" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Cumbres_and_Toltec_Scenic_Railroad" title="Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad">Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railroad</a></figcaption></figure> There were 2,354 route miles of railroads in the year 2000; this number increased by a few miles with the opening of the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Rail_Runner_Express" title="New Mexico Rail Runner Express">Rail Runner</a>'s extension to Santa Fe in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-bts.gov2-339">[335]</a> In addition to local railroads and other tourist lines, the state jointly owns and operates a heritage <a href="/wiki/Narrow_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow gauge">narrow-gauge</a> steam railroad, the <a href="/wiki/Cumbres_and_Toltec_Scenic_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railway">Cumbres and Toltec Scenic Railway</a>, with the state of <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> since 1970. Narrow-gauge railroads once connected many communities in the northern part of the state, from <a href="/wiki/Farmington,_New_Mexico" title="Farmington, New Mexico">Farmington</a> to Santa Fe.<a href="#cite_note-Myrick-340">[336]</a>: 110  No fewer than 100 railroads of various names and lineage have operated in the state at some point.<a href="#cite_note-Myrick-340">[336]</a>: 8  New Mexico's rail transportation system reached its height in terms of length following admission as a state; in 1914, eleven railroads operated 3124 route miles.<a href="#cite_note-Myrick-340">[336]</a>: 10  Railroad surveyors arrived in New Mexico in the 1850s shortly after it became a U.S. territory.<a href="#cite_note-mapping-341">[337]</a> The first railroads incorporated in 1869,<a href="#cite_note-Myrick-340">[336]</a>: 9  and the first railway became operational in 1878 with the <a href="/wiki/Atchison,_Topeka_%26_Santa_Fe_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway">Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway</a> (ATSF), which entered via the lucrative and contested <a href="/wiki/Raton_Pass" title="Raton Pass">Raton Pass</a>. The ATSF eventually reached <a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a> in 1881, and with the entry of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Railroad" title="Southern Pacific Railroad">Southern Pacific Railroad</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Arizona" class="mw-redirect" title="Territory of Arizona">Arizona Territory</a> in 1880, created the nation's <a href="/wiki/Transcontinental_railroad#United_States" title="Transcontinental railroad">second transcontinental railroad</a>, with a junction at <a href="/wiki/Deming,_New_Mexico" title="Deming, New Mexico">Deming</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Myrick-340">[336]</a>: 9, 18, 58–59 <a href="#cite_note-mapping-341">[337]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Denver_%26_Rio_Grande_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver & Rio Grande Railway">Denver & Rio Grande Railway</a>, which generally used <a href="/wiki/Narrow_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow gauge">narrow gauge</a> equipment in New Mexico, entered the territory from <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, beginning service to <a href="/wiki/Espa%C3%B1ola,_New_Mexico" title="Española, New Mexico">Española</a> in December 1880.<a href="#cite_note-Myrick-340">[336]</a>: 95–96 <a href="#cite_note-mapping-341">[337]</a> These first railroads were built as long-distance corridors; later railroad construction also targeted resource extraction.<a href="#cite_note-Myrick-340">[336]</a>: 8–11  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tucumcari_NM_Train_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tucumcari_NM_Train_Station.jpg/220px-Tucumcari_NM_Train_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tucumcari_NM_Train_Station.jpg/330px-Tucumcari_NM_Train_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Tucumcari_NM_Train_Station.jpg/440px-Tucumcari_NM_Train_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1811" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption>The railway station in <a href="/wiki/Tucumcari,_New_Mexico" title="Tucumcari, New Mexico">Tucumcari</a></figcaption></figure> The rise of <a href="/wiki/Rail_transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transportation">rail transportation</a> was a major source of demographic and economic growth in the state, with many settlements expanding or being established shortly thereafter. As early as 1878, the ATSF promoted <a href="#Tourism">tourism in the region</a> with an emphasis on Native American imagery.<a href="#cite_note-Richards2-342">[338]</a>: 64  <a href="/wiki/Named_train" class="mw-redirect" title="Named train">Named trains</a> often reflected the territory they traveled: <a href="/wiki/Super_Chief" title="Super Chief">Super Chief</a>, the streamlined successor to the Chief;<a href="#cite_note-Richards2-342">[338]</a> <a href="/wiki/Navajo_(passenger_train)" class="mw-redirect" title="Navajo (passenger train)">Navajo</a>, an early transcontinental tourist train; and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavern_(passenger_train)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cavern (passenger train) (page does not exist)">Cavern</a>, a through car operation connecting <a href="/wiki/Clovis,_New_Mexico" title="Clovis, New Mexico">Clovis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carlsbad,_New_Mexico" title="Carlsbad, New Mexico">Carlsbad</a> (by the early 1950s as train 23–24), were some of the named <a href="/wiki/Atchison,_Topeka_and_Santa_Fe_Railway#Passenger_service" title="Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway">passenger trains of the ATSF</a> that connoted New Mexico,<a href="#cite_note-Myrick-340">[336]</a>: 49–50 <a href="#cite_note-Dorin-343">[339]</a>: 51  The Super Chief became a favorite of early Hollywood stars and among the most famous named trains in the U.S.; it was known for its luxury and exoticness, with cars bearing the name of regional Native American tribes and outfitted with the artwork of many local artists – but also for its speed: as brief as 39 hours 45 minutes westbound from Chicago to Los Angeles.<a href="#cite_note-Richards2-342">[338]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RailRunner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/RailRunner.jpg/250px-RailRunner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/RailRunner.jpg/330px-RailRunner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/RailRunner.jpg/500px-RailRunner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2788" data-file-height="1896" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Rail_Runner_Express" title="New Mexico Rail Runner Express">New Mexico Rail Runner Express</a> is a commuter operation that runs along the Central Rio Grande Valley.</figcaption></figure>At its height, passenger train service once connected nine of New Mexico's present <a href="#Settlements">ten most populous cities</a> (the sole exception is <a href="/wiki/Rio_Rancho,_New_Mexico" title="Rio Rancho, New Mexico">Rio Rancho</a>); currently, only <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque" class="mw-redirect" title="Albuquerque">Albuquerque</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a> are connected by a rail network.<a href="#cite_note-nmrailrunner.com-344">[340]</a> With the decline of most <a href="/wiki/Intercity_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercity rail">intercity rail</a> service in the U.S. in the late 1960s, New Mexico was left with minimal services; no less than six daily long-distance roundtrip trains, supplemented by many branch-line and local trains, served New Mexico in the early 1960s. Declines in passenger revenue, but not necessarily ridership, prompted many railroads to turn over their passenger services in truncated form to <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>, a state-owned enterprise. Amtrak, also known as the National Passenger Railroad Corporation, began operating the two extant long-distance routes on May 1, 1971.<a href="#cite_note-Myrick-340">[336]</a><a href="#cite_note-Richards2-342">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dorin-343">[339]</a> Resurrection of passenger rail service from <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a> to <a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a>, a route once plied in part by the ATSF's El Pasoan,<a href="#cite_note-Dorin-343">[339]</a>: 37  has been proposed; in the 1980s, then–Governor <a href="/wiki/Toney_Anaya" title="Toney Anaya">Toney Anaya</a> suggested building a <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed rail</a> line connecting the two cities with New Mexico's major cities.<a href="#cite_note-345">[341]</a> In 2004, the Colorado-based nonprofit <a href="/wiki/Front_Range_Commuter_Rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Front Range Commuter Rail">Front Range Commuter Rail</a> was established with the goal of connecting <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> and New Mexico with high-speed rail;<a href="#cite_note-346">[342]</a> however, it became inactive in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-347">[343]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_fe_depot_railrunner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Santa_fe_depot_railrunner.jpg/220px-Santa_fe_depot_railrunner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Santa_fe_depot_railrunner.jpg/330px-Santa_fe_depot_railrunner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Santa_fe_depot_railrunner.jpg/440px-Santa_fe_depot_railrunner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Downtown Santa Fe train station</figcaption></figure>Since 2006, a state owned, privately run <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter railway</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Rail_Runner_Express" title="New Mexico Rail Runner Express">New Mexico Rail Runner Express</a>, has served the <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_metropolitan_area" title="Albuquerque metropolitan area">Albuquerque metropolitan area</a>, connecting the city proper with Santa Fe and other communities.<a href="#cite_note-nmrailrunner.com-344">[340]</a><a href="#cite_note-Holmes-348">[344]</a> The system expanded in 2008 with the adding of the <a href="/wiki/BNSF_Railway" title="BNSF Railway">BNSF Railway</a>'s line from <a href="/wiki/Belen,_New_Mexico" title="Belen, New Mexico">Belen</a> to a few miles south of Lamy.<a href="#cite_note-349">[345]</a> Phase II of Rail Runner extended the line northward to <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Sandoval_County/US_550_(Rail_Runner_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandoval County/US 550 (Rail Runner station)">Sandoval County</a> station, the northernmost station under Phase I service; the service now connects <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Fe County">Santa Fe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandoval_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandoval County">Sandoval</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernalillo_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernalillo County">Bernalillo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Valencia_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Valencia County">Valencia</a> counties. Rail Runner operates scheduled service seven days per week,<a href="#cite_note-350">[346]</a> connecting Albuquerque's population base and central business district to downtown Santa Fe with up to eight roundtrips in a day; the section of the line running south to <a href="/wiki/Belen,_New_Mexico" title="Belen, New Mexico">Belen</a> is served less frequently.<a href="#cite_note-351">[347]</a> Amtrak's <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Chief" title="Southwest Chief">Southwest Chief</a> passes through daily at stations in <a href="/wiki/Gallup,_New_Mexico" title="Gallup, New Mexico">Gallup</a>, Albuquerque, <a href="/wiki/Lamy,_New_Mexico" title="Lamy, New Mexico">Lamy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas,_New_Mexico" title="Las Vegas, New Mexico">Las Vegas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Raton,_New_Mexico" title="Raton, New Mexico">Raton</a>, offering connections to Los Angeles, Chicago and intermediate points.<a href="#cite_note-352">[348]</a> A successor to the Super Chief and <a href="/wiki/El_Capitan_(passenger_train)" class="mw-redirect" title="El Capitan (passenger train)">El Capitan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Dorin-343">[339]</a>: 115  the Southwest Chief is permitted a maximum speed of 90 mph (140 km/h) in various places on the tracks of the <a href="/wiki/BNSF_Railway" title="BNSF Railway">BNSF Railway</a>;<a href="#cite_note-353">[349]</a> it also operates on <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Rail_Runner_Express" title="New Mexico Rail Runner Express">New Mexico Rail Runner Express</a> trackage. The <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Limited" title="Sunset Limited">Sunset Limited</a> makes stops three times a week in both directions at <a href="/wiki/Lordsburg,_New_Mexico" title="Lordsburg, New Mexico">Lordsburg</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Deming,_New_Mexico" title="Deming, New Mexico">Deming</a>, serving Los Angeles, New Orleans and intermediate points.<a href="#cite_note-354">[350]</a> The Sunset Limited is the successor to the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Railroad" title="Southern Pacific Railroad">Southern Pacific Railroad</a>'s train of the same name and operates exclusively on <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Pacific">Union Pacific</a> trackage in New Mexico. New Mexico is served by two of the nation's ten <a href="/wiki/Class_I_railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Class I railroad">class I railroads</a>, which denote the highest revenue railways for freight: the <a href="/wiki/BNSF_Railway" title="BNSF Railway">BNSF Railway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_Railroad" title="Union Pacific Railroad">Union Pacific Railroad</a>. Together they operate 2,200 route miles of railway in the state.<a href="#cite_note-bts.gov2-339">[335]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aerospace">Aerospace</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_New_Mexico" title="List of airports in New Mexico">List of airports in New Mexico</a></div> New Mexico has four <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_New_Mexico" title="List of airports in New Mexico">primary commercial airports</a> that are served by most major domestic and international airliners. <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_International_Sunport" title="Albuquerque International Sunport">Albuquerque International Sunport</a> is the state's main <a href="/wiki/Port_of_entry" title="Port of entry">aerial port of entry</a> and by far the largest airport: It is the only one designated a medium-sized hub by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a>, serving millions of passengers annually. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spaceport_America_terminal_-_The_Gateway_(15094090585).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Spaceport_America_terminal_-_The_Gateway_%2815094090585%29.jpg/250px-Spaceport_America_terminal_-_The_Gateway_%2815094090585%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="223" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Spaceport_America_terminal_-_The_Gateway_%2815094090585%29.jpg/500px-Spaceport_America_terminal_-_The_Gateway_%2815094090585%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5050" data-file-height="3367" /></a><figcaption>Spaceport America terminal, The Gateway</figcaption></figure> The only other comparatively large airports are <a href="/wiki/Lea_County_Regional_Airport" title="Lea County Regional Airport">Lea County Regional Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roswell_International_Air_Center" title="Roswell International Air Center">Roswell International Air Center</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Regional_Airport" title="Santa Fe Regional Airport">Santa Fe Regional Airport</a>, which have varying degrees of service by major airlines. Most airports in New Mexico are small, <a href="/wiki/General_aviation" title="General aviation">general aviation</a> hubs operated by municipal and county governments, and usually served solely by local and regional <a href="/wiki/Regional_airliner" title="Regional airliner">commuter airlines</a>. Due to its sparse population and many isolated, rural communities, New Mexico ranks among the states most reliant on <a href="/wiki/Essential_Air_Service" title="Essential Air Service">Essential Air Service</a>, a federal program that maintains a minimal level of scheduled air service to communities that are otherwise unprofitable for commercial airlines. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spaceport_America">Spaceport America</h4></div> New Mexico hosts the world's first operational and purpose-built commercial <a href="/wiki/Spaceport" title="Spaceport">spaceport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spaceport_America" title="Spaceport America">Spaceport America</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Upham,_New_Mexico" title="Upham, New Mexico">Upham</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Truth_or_Consequences,_New_Mexico" title="Truth or Consequences, New Mexico">Truth or Consequences</a>.<a href="#cite_note-355">[351]</a><a href="#cite_note-BizWeek-356">[352]</a><a href="#cite_note-Discovery-357">[353]</a> It is operated by the state-backed <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Spaceport_Authority" title="New Mexico Spaceport Authority">New Mexico Spaceport Authority (NMSA)</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rocket_launch" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocket launch">Rocket launches</a> began in April 2007,<a href="#cite_note-Discovery-357">[353]</a> with the spaceport officially opening in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-358">[354]</a> Tenants include <a href="/wiki/HAPSMobile" title="HAPSMobile">HAPSMobile</a>, <a href="/wiki/UP_Aerospace" title="UP Aerospace">UP Aerospace</a>, <a href="/wiki/SpinLaunch" title="SpinLaunch">SpinLaunch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic">Virgin Galactic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-359">[355]</a> Over 300 <a href="/wiki/Suborbital" class="mw-redirect" title="Suborbital">suborbital</a> flights have been successfully launched from Spaceport America since 2006, with the most notable being Virgin Galactic's <a href="/wiki/VSS_Unity" title="VSS Unity">VSS Unity</a> on May 22, 2021, which made New Mexico the third U.S. state to launch humans into space, after California and Florida.<a href="#cite_note-Robinson-Avila_2021-360">[356]</a><a href="#cite_note-361">[357]</a> On October 22, 2021, Spaceport America was the site of the first successfully tested vacuum-sealed "suborbital accelerator", which aims to offer a significantly more economical alternative to launching satellites via rockets.<a href="#cite_note-Houser-2021-362">[358]</a> Conducted by Spaceport tenant SpinLaunch, the test is the first of roughly 30 demonstrations being planned.<a href="#cite_note-Houser-2021-362">[358]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_Mexico" title="Government of New Mexico">Government of New Mexico</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michelle_Lujan_Grisham_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Michelle_Lujan_Grisham_2021.jpg/220px-Michelle_Lujan_Grisham_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Michelle_Lujan_Grisham_2021.jpg/330px-Michelle_Lujan_Grisham_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Michelle_Lujan_Grisham_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption>Governor <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Lujan_Grisham" title="Michelle Lujan Grisham">Michelle Lujan Grisham</a> (D)</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_New_Mexico" title="Constitution of New Mexico">Constitution of New Mexico</a> was adopted by <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">popular referendum</a> in 1911. It establishes a <a href="/wiki/Republican_form_of_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican form of government">republican form of government</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty" title="Popular sovereignty">popular sovereignty</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">separation of powers</a>. New Mexico has a <a href="/wiki/Bill_of_rights" title="Bill of rights">bill of rights</a> modeled on its <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">federal counterpart</a>, but with more expansive rights and freedoms; for example, victims of certain serious crimes, such as aggravated battery and sexual assault, have explicit rights to privacy, dignity, and the timely adjudication of their case.<a href="#cite_note-363">[359]</a> Major state issues may be decided by popular vote, and the constitution may be amended by a majority vote of both lawmakers and the electorate.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-364">[360]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governmental_structure">Governmental structure</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Article_Four_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Four of the United States Constitution">Mirroring the federal system</a>, the New Mexico government consists of executive, legislative, and judicial departments. The executive is led by the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Mexico" title="Governor of New Mexico">governor</a> and other popularly elected officials, including the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_Mexico" title="Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico">lieutenant governor</a> (elected on the same ticket as the governor), <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_New_Mexico" title="Attorney General of New Mexico">attorney general</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_New_Mexico" title="Secretary of State of New Mexico">secretary of state</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_State_Auditor" title="New Mexico State Auditor">state auditor</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_State_Treasurer" title="New Mexico State Treasurer">state treasurer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Commissioner_of_Public_Lands" title="New Mexico Commissioner of Public Lands">commissioner of public lands</a>. New Mexico's governor is granted more authority than those of other states, with the power to appoint most high-ranking officials in the cabinet and other state agencies.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-364">[360]</a> The legislative branch consists of the bicameral <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Legislature" title="New Mexico Legislature">New Mexico Legislature</a>, comprising the 70-member <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_House_of_Representatives" title="New Mexico House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> and the 42-member <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Senate" title="New Mexico Senate">Senate</a>. Members of the House are elected to two-year terms, while those of the Senate are elected every four years. New Mexican legislators are unique in the U.S. for being volunteers, receiving only a daily stipend while in session; this "citizen legislature" dates back to New Mexico's admission as a state, and is considered a source of civic pride.<a href="#cite_note-365">[361]</a> The judiciary is headed by the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Supreme_Court" title="New Mexico Supreme Court">New Mexico Supreme Court</a>, the state's highest court, which primarily <a href="/wiki/Appellate_court" title="Appellate court">adjudicates appeals</a> from lower courts or government agencies. It is made up of five judges popularly elected every eight years with overlapping terms. Below the state supreme court is the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Court_of_Appeals" title="New Mexico Court of Appeals">New Mexico Court of Appeals</a>, which has intermediate appellate jurisdiction statewide. New Mexico has 13 judicial districts with circuit courts of <a href="/wiki/General_jurisdiction" title="General jurisdiction">general jurisdiction</a>, as well as various municipal, <a href="/wiki/State_court_magistrate_judge" title="State court magistrate judge">magistrate</a>, and probate courts of <a href="/wiki/Limited_jurisdiction" title="Limited jurisdiction">limited jurisdiction</a>. New Mexico is organized into a number of local governments consisting of counties, municipalities, and special districts.<a href="#cite_note-366">[362]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Mexico" title="Elections in New Mexico">Elections in New Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_New_Mexico" title="Political party strength in New Mexico">Political party strength in New Mexico</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Legislature" title="New Mexico Legislature">New Mexico Legislature</a></div> Since 2018, New Mexico has been led by Governor <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Lujan_Grisham" title="Michelle Lujan Grisham">Michelle Lujan Grisham</a> and Lieutenant Governor <a href="/wiki/Howie_Morales" title="Howie Morales">Howie Morales</a>, both of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>. All constitutional officers are currently Democrats, including Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Toulouse_Oliver" title="Maggie Toulouse Oliver">Maggie Toulouse Oliver</a>,<a href="#cite_note-367">[363]</a> Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Torrez" title="Raúl Torrez">Raúl Torrez</a>,<a href="#cite_note-368">[364]</a> State Auditor <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Maestas" title="Joseph Maestas">Joseph Maestas</a>,<a href="#cite_note-369">[365]</a> State Land Commissioner <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Garcia_Richard" title="Stephanie Garcia Richard">Stephanie Garcia Richard</a>,<a href="#cite_note-370">[366]</a> and State Treasurer <a href="/wiki/Laura_Montoya_(politician)" title="Laura Montoya (politician)">Laura Montaya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-371">[367]</a> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Party registration as of February 1, 2025<a href="#cite_note-372">[368]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Number of voters </th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#3333FF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_New_Mexico" title="Democratic Party of New Mexico">Democratic</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">596,784 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">42.28% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E81B23; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_New_Mexico" title="Republican Party of New Mexico">Republican</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">454,199 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">32.18% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_voter" title="Independent voter">Independent</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="List of political parties in the United States">Other</a> </td> <td align="center">331,872 </td> <td align="center">23.51% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FED105; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_New_Mexico" title="Libertarian Party of New Mexico">Libertarian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">15,520 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1.10% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total </th> <th style="text-align:center;">1,411,370 </th> <th style="text-align:center;">100.0% </th></tr></tbody></table> Both chambers of the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Legislature" title="New Mexico Legislature">New Mexico Legislature</a> have Democratic majorities: 27 Democrats and 15 Republicans in the Senate, and 45 Democrats and 25 Republicans in the House of Representatives. Likewise, the state is represented in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> by Democrats <a href="/wiki/Martin_Heinrich" title="Martin Heinrich">Martin Heinrich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ben_Ray_Luj%C3%A1n" title="Ben Ray Luján">Ben Ray Luján</a>. The state's three delegates to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> are Democrats <a href="/wiki/Melanie_Stansbury" title="Melanie Stansbury">Melanie Stansbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabe_Vasquez" title="Gabe Vasquez">Gabe Vasquez</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Teresa_Leger_Fernandez" title="Teresa Leger Fernandez">Teresa Leger Fernandez</a>, representing the first, second, and third districts, respectively. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Mexico_Presidential_Election_Results_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/New_Mexico_Presidential_Election_Results_2024.svg/220px-New_Mexico_Presidential_Election_Results_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/New_Mexico_Presidential_Election_Results_2024.svg/330px-New_Mexico_Presidential_Election_Results_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/New_Mexico_Presidential_Election_Results_2024.svg/440px-New_Mexico_Presidential_Election_Results_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="810" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="2024 United States presidential election in New Mexico">2024 U.S. presidential election results</a> by county in New Mexico <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">  Democratic</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">  Republican</div></figcaption></figure> Since achieving statehood in <a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a>, New Mexico has been carried by the national popular vote winner in every presidential election except in <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a> and <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024</a>.<a href="#cite_note-373">[369]</a> Until 2008, New Mexico was traditionally a <a href="/wiki/Swing_state" title="Swing state">swing state</a> in presidential elections. The <a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992 election</a> of Bill Clinton marked the first time the state was won by a Democrat since Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964. <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> narrowly carried the state in <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000</a> by 366 votes, and <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> won in <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a> by less than 6,000 votes. The election of <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008</a> marked the state's transition into <a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">a Democratic stronghold</a>; Obama was also the first Democrat to win a majority of New Mexico votes since Johnson.<a href="#cite_note-Weigel-374">[370]</a> Obama won New Mexico again in 2012, followed by Hillary Clinton in 2016, Joe Biden in 2020, and Kamala Harris in 2024. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Party_registration_by_New_Mexico_county.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Party_registration_by_New_Mexico_county.svg/250px-Party_registration_by_New_Mexico_county.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Party_registration_by_New_Mexico_county.svg/330px-Party_registration_by_New_Mexico_county.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Party_registration_by_New_Mexico_county.svg/500px-Party_registration_by_New_Mexico_county.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="899" /></a><figcaption>Party registration by New Mexico county (February 2023): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend">  Democratic >= 30%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend">  Democratic >= 40%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend">  Democratic >= 50%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend">  Democratic >= 60%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend">  Democratic >= 70%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend">  Republican >= 40%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend">  Republican >= 50%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend">  Republican >= 60%</div></figcaption></figure> Although state politics are decidedly Democratic leaning, New Mexico's political culture is relatively moderate and bipartisan by national standards. While registered Democrats outnumber registered Republicans by nearly 200,000, New Mexico voters have historically favored moderate to conservative candidates of both parties at the state and federal levels: According to <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research</a>, the largest political ideology among New Mexicans is <a href="/wiki/Political_moderate" title="Political moderate">political moderate</a> at 36%, while 34% are <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservatives</a>, 23% are <a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">liberal</a>, and 7% stated they did not know.<a href="#cite_note-Pew_Research_Center's_Religion_&_Public_Life_Project_2022-375">[371]</a> Likewise, New Mexico's demographics are atypical of most traditional liberal states with "political ideology [being] less important" than the profile or outreach efforts of the individual candidate.<a href="#cite_note-Caldwell-2022-376">[372]</a> Due to their historically positive connections to the state's heritage, the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_New_Mexico" title="Republican Party of New Mexico">Republican</a> and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_New_Mexico" title="Democratic Party of New Mexico">Democratic parties of New Mexico</a> are each relatively robust, and New Mexico is considered a <a href="/wiki/Bellwether" title="Bellwether">bellwether state</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_Advocate_20202-377">[373]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reichbach_20152-378">[374]</a><a href="#cite_note-Alberta_20202-379">[375]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ostermeier_20112-380">[376]</a><a href="#cite_note-Broh_1980_pp._564–5702-381">[377]</a> The state's <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> was the first to incorporate Hispanics and Natives into leadership roles, such as territorial governor <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Antonio_Otero_(born_1859)" title="Miguel Antonio Otero (born 1859)">Miguel Antonio Otero</a> and state governor <a href="/wiki/Octaviano_Ambrosio_Larrazolo" title="Octaviano Ambrosio Larrazolo">Octaviano Ambrosio Larrazolo</a>, who was later the first Mexican American and first Hispanic member of the U.S. Senate.<a href="#cite_note-McClain_2018_p._1882-382">[378]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hornung_2013_p._832-383">[379]</a> Republican president <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> had much respect for the Hispanos, Mexican Americans, and indigenous communities of New Mexico, many of whom had been a part of his <a href="/wiki/Rough_Riders" title="Rough Riders">Rough Riders</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Robertson_20112-384">[380]</a><a href="#cite_note-Weideman_20222-385">[381]</a> Lujan Grisham succeeded two-term Republican governor <a href="/wiki/Susana_Martinez" title="Susana Martinez">Susana Martinez</a> on January 1, 2019. <a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Gary Johnson</a> was governor from 1995 to 2003 as a Republican, but in <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a> and <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a> ran for president from the <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a>. New Mexico's Second Congressional District is among the most competitive in the country: Republican Herrell narrowly lost to <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> <a href="/wiki/Xochitl_Torres_Small" title="Xochitl Torres Small">Xochitl Torres Small</a> in 2018 but retook her seat in 2020, subsequently losing to Democrat <a href="/wiki/Gabe_Vasquez" title="Gabe Vasquez">Gabe Vasquez</a> in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-Caldwell-2022-376">[372]</a> Recent election cycles within the past decade have seen moderate incumbents replaced by progressive Democrats in cities like Albuquerque, Santa Fe, and Las Cruces, with conservative Republicans being elected in rural areas. Democrats in the state are usually strongest in the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a> area, parts of the <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a> metro area (such as the southeast and central areas, including the affluent Nob Hill neighborhood and the vicinity of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Mexico" title="University of New Mexico">University of New Mexico</a>), Northern and West Central New Mexico, and most <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native American</a> reservations, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Navajo_Nation" title="Navajo Nation">Navajo Nation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Weigel-374">[370]</a> Republicans have traditionally had their strongholds in the eastern and southern parts of the state, the <a href="/wiki/Farmington,_New_Mexico" title="Farmington, New Mexico">Farmington</a> area, <a href="/wiki/Rio_Rancho,_New_Mexico" title="Rio Rancho, New Mexico">Rio Rancho</a>, and the newly developed areas in the northwest mesa. Albuquerque's Northeast Heights have historically leaned Republican but have become a key swing area for Democrats in recent election cycles. A 2020 study ranked New Mexico as the 20th hardest state for citizens to vote, due mostly to the inaccessibility of polling stations among many isolated communities.<a href="#cite_note-386">[382]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Female_minority_representation">Female minority representation</h4></div> New Mexico has elected more <a href="/wiki/Women_of_color" class="mw-redirect" title="Women of color">women of color</a> to public office than any other U.S. state.<a href="#cite_note-Thomson-DeVeaux-2020-387">[383]</a> While the trend is partly reflective of the state's disproportionately high Hispanic and indigenous populations, it also reflects longstanding cultural and political trends: In 1922, <a href="/wiki/Soledad_C._Chac%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Soledad C. Chacón">Soledad Chávez Chacón</a> was the first woman elected secretary of state of New Mexico, and the first Hispanic woman elected to statewide office in the United States. <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> governor <a href="/wiki/Susana_Martinez" title="Susana Martinez">Susana Martinez</a> was the first Hispanic female governor in the United States, and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> congresswoman <a href="/wiki/Deb_Haaland" title="Deb Haaland">Deb Haaland</a> was among the first Native American women elected to the U.S. Congress.<a href="#cite_note-Time_2017-388">[384]</a><a href="#cite_note-Becker_2019-389">[385]</a> Research by the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_American_Women_and_Politics" title="Center for American Women and Politics">Center for American Women and Politics</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a> found that two-thirds of all nonwhite women who have ever been elected governor in the U.S. are from New Mexico, including the current governor, Lujan Grisham. The state also accounts for nearly one-third of the women of color who have served in any statewide executive office, such as lieutenant governor and secretary of state, a distinction shared by only ten other states.<a href="#cite_note-Thomson-DeVeaux-2020-387">[383]</a> New Mexico also has a relatively high percentage of state legislators who are women of color, which at 16% is the sixth highest in the nation. New Mexico is described as a "national leader in electing female legislators".<a href="#cite_note-McKay-2022-390">[386]</a> As of January 2023, it ranked sixth in the number of female state legislators (43.8%),<a href="#cite_note-391">[387]</a> with women comprising a majority of the New Mexico House of Representatives (53%) and over a quarter of the Senate (29%).<a href="#cite_note-McKay-2022-390">[386]</a> Women also hold a majority of seats on the state Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals.<a href="#cite_note-McKay-2022-390">[386]</a> At the federal level, two out of three congressional districts are represented by women. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_New_Mexico" title="Local government in New Mexico">Local government in New Mexico</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Government of Albuquerque, New Mexico">Government of Albuquerque</a></div>Local government in New Mexico consists primarily of <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_Mexico" title="List of counties in New Mexico">counties</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_settlements_in_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="List of settlements in New Mexico">municipalities</a>. There are 33 counties, of which the most populous is <a href="/wiki/Bernalillo_County,_New_Mexico" title="Bernalillo County, New Mexico">Bernalillo</a>, which contains the state's largest city, <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a>. Counties are usually governed by an elected five-member county commission, sheriff, assessor, clerk and treasurer. A municipality may call itself a village, town, or city,<a href="#cite_note-392">[388]</a> with no distinction in law and no correlation to any particular form of government. Municipal elections are non-partisan.<a href="#cite_note-393">[389]</a> In addition, limited local authority can be vested in special districts and landowners' associations. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law">Law</h3></div> New Mexico is one of 23 states without the death penalty,<a href="#cite_note-394">[390]</a> becoming the 15th state to abolish capital punishment in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-395">[391]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible floatright sticky-header-multi" style="font-size: 95%;"> <caption>United States presidential election results for New Mexico<a href="#cite_note-396">[392]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Year </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third party(ies)</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>No. </th> <th scope="col">%</th> <th scope="col">No. </th> <th scope="col">%</th> <th scope="col">No. </th> <th scope="col">% </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="2024 United States presidential election in New Mexico">2024</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">423,391 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">45.85% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">478,802 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">51.85% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">21,210 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2.30% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="2020 United States presidential election in New Mexico">2020</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">401,894 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">43.50% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">501,614 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">54.29% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">20,457 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2.21% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="2016 United States presidential election in New Mexico">2016</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">319,667 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">40.04% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">385,234 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">48.26% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">93,418 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">11.70% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="2012 United States presidential election in New Mexico">2012</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">335,788 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">42.84% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">415,335 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">52.99% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">32,634 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">4.16% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="2008 United States presidential election in New Mexico">2008</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">346,832 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">41.78% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">472,422 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">56.91% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">10,904 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.31% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="2004 United States presidential election in New Mexico">2004</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">376,930 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">49.84% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">370,942 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">49.05% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">8,432 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.11% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="2000 United States presidential election in New Mexico">2000</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">286,417 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">47.85% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">286,783 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">47.91% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">25,405 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">4.24% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1996 United States presidential election in New Mexico">1996</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">232,751 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">41.86% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">273,495 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">49.18% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">49,828 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">8.96% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1992 United States presidential election in New Mexico">1992</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">212,824 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">37.34% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">261,617 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">45.90% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">95,545 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">16.76% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1988 United States presidential election in New Mexico">1988</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">270,341 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">51.86% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">244,497 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">46.90% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">6,449 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.24% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1984 United States presidential election in New Mexico">1984</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">307,101 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">59.70% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">201,769 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">39.23% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">5,500 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.07% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1980 United States presidential election in New Mexico">1980</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">250,779 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">54.97% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">167,826 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">36.78% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">37,632 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">8.25% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1976 United States presidential election in New Mexico">1976</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">211,419 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">50.75% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">201,148 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">48.28% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">4,023 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.97% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1972 United States presidential election in New Mexico">1972</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">235,606 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">61.05% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">141,084 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">36.56% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">9,241 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2.39% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1968 United States presidential election in New Mexico">1968</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">169,692 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">51.85% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">130,081 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">39.75% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">27,508 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">8.41% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1964 United States presidential election in New Mexico">1964</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">131,838 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">40.24% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">194,017 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">59.22% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1,760 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.54% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1960 United States presidential election in New Mexico">1960</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">153,733 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">49.41% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">156,027 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">50.15% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1,347 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.43% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1956 United States presidential election in New Mexico">1956</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">146,788 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">57.81% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">106,098 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">41.78% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1,040 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.41% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1952 United States presidential election in New Mexico">1952</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">132,170 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">55.39% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">105,661 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">44.28% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">777 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.33% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1948 United States presidential election in New Mexico">1948</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">80,303 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">42.93% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">105,464 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">56.38% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1,296 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.69% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1944 United States presidential election in New Mexico">1944</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">70,688 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">46.44% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">81,389 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">53.47% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">148 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.10% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1940 United States presidential election in New Mexico">1940</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">79,315 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">43.28% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">103,699 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">56.59% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">244 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.13% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1936 United States presidential election in New Mexico">1936</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">61,727 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">36.50% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">106,037 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">62.69% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1,372 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.81% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1932 United States presidential election in New Mexico">1932</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">54,217 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">35.76% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">95,089 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">62.72% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2,300 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.52% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1928 United States presidential election in New Mexico">1928</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">69,645 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">59.01% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">48,211 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">40.85% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">158 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">0.13% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1924 United States presidential election in New Mexico">1924</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">54,745 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">48.52% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">48,542 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">43.02% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">9,543 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">8.46% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1920 United States presidential election in New Mexico">1920</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">57,634 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">54.68% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">46,668 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">44.27% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1,104 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">1.05% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1916 United States presidential election in New Mexico">1916</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">31,152 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">46.64% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">33,527 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">50.20% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">2,108 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">3.16% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election_in_New_Mexico" title="1912 United States presidential election in New Mexico">1912</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">17,733 </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6">35.91% </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">20,437 </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF">41.39% </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">11,206 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFF0;">22.70% </td></tr> </tbody></table> The state has among the most permissive firearms laws in the country.<a href="#cite_note-NRA-ILA-2020-397">[393]</a> Its constitution explicitly enshrines the right to bear arms and prevents local governments from regulating gun ownership.<a href="#cite_note-398">[394]</a> Residents may purchase any firearm deemed legal under federal law without a permit.<a href="#cite_note-NRA-ILA-2020-397">[393]</a> There is a 7-day waiting period under state law for picking up a firearm after it has been purchased (holders of concealed handgun licenses are exempt from the 7-day waiting period), nor any restrictions on magazine capacity. Additionally, New Mexico is a "shall-issue" state for <a href="/wiki/Concealed_carry" title="Concealed carry">concealed carry</a> permits, thus giving applicants a presumptive right to receive a license without giving a compelling reason.<a href="#cite_note-399">[395]</a> Before December 2013, New Mexico law was silent on the issue of <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">same-sex marriage</a>. The issuance of marriage licenses to same-sex couples was determined at the county level, with some county clerks issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples and others not. In December 2013, the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Supreme_Court" title="New Mexico Supreme Court">New Mexico Supreme Court</a> issued a unanimous ruling directing all county clerks to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples, thereby making New Mexico the 17th state to recognize same-sex marriage statewide. Based on 2008 data, New Mexico had 146 law enforcement agencies across the state, county, and municipal levels.<a href="#cite_note-Reaves-2011-400">[396]</a> State <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">law enforcement</a> is statutorily administered by the Department of Public Safety (DPS).<a href="#cite_note-401">[397]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_State_Police" title="New Mexico State Police">New Mexico State Police</a> is a division of the DPS with jurisdiction over all crimes in the state.<a href="#cite_note-402">[398]</a><a href="#cite_note-403">[399]</a> As of 2008, New Mexico had over 5,000 sworn police officers, a ratio of 252 per 100,000 residents, which is roughly the same as the nation.<a href="#cite_note-Reaves-2011-400">[396]</a> The state struggles with one of the nation's highest rates of officer-involved killings, which has prompted political and legal reforms at local and state levels.<a href="#cite_note-404">[400]</a> In April 2021, New Mexico became the 18th state to <a href="/wiki/Legalization_of_non-medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States">legalize cannabis for recreational use</a>; possession, personal cultivation, and retail sales are permitted under certain conditions, while relevant marijuana-related arrests and convictions are expunged.<a href="#cite_note-405">[401]</a> New Mexico has long pioneered loosening cannabis restrictions: In 1978, it was the first state to pass legislation allowing the <a href="/wiki/Medicinal_marijuana_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Medicinal marijuana in the United States">medical use of marijuana</a> in some form, albeit restricted to a federal research program.<a href="#cite_note-406">[402]</a> In 1999, Republican Governor <a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Gary Johnson</a> became the highest-ranking elected official in the U.S. to publicly endorse drug legalization.<a href="#cite_note-407">[403]</a> Medicinal marijuana was fully legalized in 2007, making New Mexico the 12th state to do so, and the fourth via legislative action.<a href="#cite_note-408">[404]</a> In 2019, it was the first U.S. state to decriminalize possession of drug paraphernalia.<a href="#cite_note-409">[405]</a> As of June 2022, New Mexico has one of the nation's <a href="/wiki/Abortion_law_in_the_United_States_by_state" title="Abortion law in the United States by state">most permissive abortion laws</a>: Elective abortion care is legal at all stages of pregnancy, without restrictions such as long waiting periods and mandated parental consent.<a href="#cite_note-410">[406]</a> In 2021, the state repealed a 1969 "<a href="/wiki/Trigger_law" title="Trigger law">trigger law</a>" that had banned most abortion procedures, which would have come into effect following the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in <a href="/wiki/Dobbs_v._Jackson_Women%27s_Health_Organization" title="Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization">Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AAYVZYl-411">[407]</a> In response to the Dobbs decision, which held that abortion was not a constitutional right, New Mexico's governor issued an executive order protecting abortion providers from out-of-state litigation, in anticipation of the influx of nonresidents seeking abortions.<a href="#cite_note-AAYVZYl-411">[407]</a><a href="#cite_note-412">[408]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fiscal_policy">Fiscal policy</h3></div> On a per capita basis, New Mexico's government has one of the largest state budgets, at $9,101 per resident.<a href="#cite_note-413">[409]</a> As of 2017, the state had an <a href="/wiki/S%26P_Global_Ratings" title="S&P Global Ratings">S&P Global Rating</a> of AA+, denoting a very strong capacity to meet financial commitments alongside a very low credit risk. New Mexico has two constitutionally mandated <a href="/wiki/Permanent_fund" title="Permanent fund">permanent funds</a>: The <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Land_Grant_Permanent_Fund" title="New Mexico Land Grant Permanent Fund">Land Grant Permanent Fund (LGPF)</a>, which was established upon statehood in 1912, and the Severance Tax Permanent Fund (STPF), which was created in 1973 during the <a href="/wiki/Oil_boom" title="Oil boom">oil boom</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NM_LFC-2021-414">[410]</a> Both funds derive revenue from rents, royalties, and bonuses related to the state's extensive oil, gas, and mining operations; the vast majority of the LGPF's distributions are earmarked for "common (public) schools", while all distributions from the STPF are allocated to the LGPF.<a href="#cite_note-NM_LFC-2021-414">[410]</a> As of 2020, the Land Grant Permanent Fund was valued at $21.6 billion, while the Severance Tax Permanent Fund was worth $5.8 billion.<a href="#cite_note-NM_LFC-2021-414">[410]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ApodacaBuildingNMEd.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/ApodacaBuildingNMEd.JPG/220px-ApodacaBuildingNMEd.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/ApodacaBuildingNMEd.JPG/330px-ApodacaBuildingNMEd.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/ApodacaBuildingNMEd.JPG/440px-ApodacaBuildingNMEd.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Public_Education_Department" title="New Mexico Public Education Department">New Mexico Public Education Department</a> is in Santa Fe.</figcaption></figure> Due to its relatively low population and numerous federally funded research facilities, New Mexico had the highest concentration of PhD holders of any state in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-415">[411]</a> <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_County,_New_Mexico" title="Los Alamos County, New Mexico">Los Alamos County</a>, which hosts the <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">eponymous national laboratory</a>, leads the state in the most post-secondary degree holders, at 38.7% of residents, or 4,899 of 17,950.<a href="#cite_note-416">[412]</a> However, New Mexico routinely ranks near the bottom in studies measuring the quality of primary and secondary school education.<a href="#cite_note-417">[413]</a> By national standards, New Mexico has one of the highest concentrations of persons who did not finish high school or have some college education, albeit by a low margin: Slightly more than 14% of residents did not have a high school diploma, compared to the national rate of 11.4%, the fifth lowest out of 52 U.S. states and territories. Almost a quarter of people over 25 (23.9%) did not complete college,<a href="#cite_note-bber.unm.edu-127">[123]</a> compared with 21% nationally.<a href="#cite_note-418">[414]</a> New Mexico ranks among the bottom ten states in the proportion of residents with a bachelor's degree or higher (27.7%), but 21st in PhD earners (12.2%); the national average is 33.1% and 12.8%, respectively. In 2020, the number of doctorate recipients was 300, placing the state 34th in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-419">[415]</a> In 2018, a state judge issued a landmark ruling that "New Mexico is violating the constitutional rights of at-risk students by failing to provide them with sufficient education", in particularly those with indigenous, non-English-speaking, and low-income backgrounds.<a href="#cite_note-Mckay-2018-420">[416]</a> The court ordered the governor and legislature to provide an adequate system by April 2019;<a href="#cite_note-421">[417]</a> in response, New Mexico increased teacher salaries, funded an extended school year, expanded prekindergarten childhood education programs, and developed a budget formula for delivering more funding to schools that serve at-risk and low-income students.<a href="#cite_note-McKay-2021-422">[418]</a> Nevertheless, many activists and public officials contend that these efforts continue to fall short, particularly with respect to Native American schools and students.<a href="#cite_note-McKay-2021-422">[418]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_and_secondary_education">Primary and secondary education</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_school_districts_in_New_Mexico" title="List of school districts in New Mexico">List of school districts in New Mexico</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_high_schools_in_New_Mexico" title="List of high schools in New Mexico">List of high schools in New Mexico</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Public_Education_Department" title="New Mexico Public Education Department">New Mexico Public Education Department</a> oversees the operation of primary and secondary schools; individual school districts directly operate and staff said schools. In January 2022, New Mexico became the first state in the U.S. to recruit national guardsmen and state workers to serve as substitute teachers due to staffing shortages caused by COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-423">[419]</a> Partly in response to pandemic-related shortages, on March 1, 2022, Governor Grisham signed into law four bills to increase the salaries and benefits of teachers and other school staff, particularly in entry-level positions.<a href="#cite_note-424">[420]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postsecondary_education">Postsecondary education</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_New_Mexico" title="List of colleges and universities in New Mexico">List of colleges and universities in New Mexico</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nm-public-schools-map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/Nm-public-schools-map.jpg/400px-Nm-public-schools-map.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/Nm-public-schools-map.jpg/600px-Nm-public-schools-map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/Nm-public-schools-map.jpg/800px-Nm-public-schools-map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1606" data-file-height="1032" /></a><figcaption>Public New Mexico colleges and universities. New Mexico Higher Education Department.</figcaption></figure> New Mexico has 41 accredited, degree-granting institutions; twelve are private and 29 are state-funded, including four tribal colleges.<a href="#cite_note-425">[421]</a><a href="#cite_note-426">[422]</a><a href="#cite_note-427">[423]</a> Additionally, select students can attend certain institutions in Colorado, at in-state tuition rates, pursuant to a reciprocity program between the two states.<a href="#cite_note-428">[424]</a> Graduates of four-year colleges in New Mexico have some of the lowest student debt burdens in the U.S.; the class of 2017 owed an average of $21,237 compared with a national average of $28,650, according to the <a href="/wiki/The_Institute_for_College_Access_and_Success" title="The Institute for College Access and Success">Institute for College Access & Success</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Romero-2019-429">[425]</a> New Mexico ranked 13th in the 2022 Social Mobility Index (SMI), which measures the extent to which economically disadvantaged students (with family incomes below the national median) have access to colleges and universities with lower tuition and indebtedness and higher job prospects.<a href="#cite_note-430">[426]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Major_flagship_(R1)_universities">Major flagship (R1) universities</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Mexico" title="University of New Mexico">University of New Mexico at Albuquerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_State_University" title="New Mexico State University">New Mexico State University at Las Cruces</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Regional_state_universities">Regional state universities</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Tech" class="mw-redirect" title="New Mexico Tech">New Mexico Institute of Mining & Technology at Socorro</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_New_Mexico_University" title="Eastern New Mexico University">Eastern New Mexico University at Portales</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Highlands_University" title="New Mexico Highlands University">New Mexico Highlands University at Las Vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_New_Mexico_University" title="Western New Mexico University">Western New Mexico University at Silver City</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lottery_scholarship">Lottery scholarship</h4></div> New Mexico is one of eight states that fund college scholarships through the state <a href="/wiki/Lottery" title="Lottery">lottery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-431">[427]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bryan-2018b-432">[428]</a><a href="#cite_note-Peterson-2019-433">[429]</a> The state requires that the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Lottery" title="New Mexico Lottery">lottery</a> put 30% of its gross sales into the scholarship fund.<a href="#cite_note-434">[430]</a> The scholarship is available to residents who graduated from a state high school, and attend a state university full-time while maintaining a 2.5 GPA or higher.<a href="#cite_note-435">[431]</a> It covered 100% of tuition when it was first instated in 1996,<a href="#cite_note-Bryan-2018a-436">[432]</a> decreased to 90%, then dropped to 60% in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-Bryan-2018b-432">[428]</a> The value slightly increased in 2018, and new legislation was passed to outline what funds are available per type of institution.<a href="#cite_note-Bryan-2018a-436">[432]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Opportunity_scholarship">Opportunity scholarship</h4></div> In September 2019, New Mexico announced a plan to make tuition at its public colleges and universities free for all state residents, regardless of family income.<a href="#cite_note-Romero-2019-429">[425]</a> The proposal was described as going further than any other existing state or federal plan or program at the time.<a href="#cite_note-Romero-2019-429">[425]</a> In March 2022, New Mexico became the first state to offer free college tuition for all residents, after the legislature passed a bipartisan bill allocating almost 1 percent of the state budget toward covering tuition and fees at all 29 public colleges, universities, community colleges, and tribal colleges.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-437">[433]</a> The program, which takes effect July 1, 2022, is described as among the most ambitious and generous in the country, as it is available to all residents regardless of income, work status, or legal status, and is provided without taking into account other scholarships and sources of financial aid.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-437">[433]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="line-height:130%"> <li class="gallerycaption">Four campus libraries</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 231.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 229.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Unm_zimmermanlibrary.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zimmerman Library at The University of New Mexico"><img alt="Zimmerman Library at The University of New Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Unm_zimmermanlibrary.jpg/344px-Unm_zimmermanlibrary.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Unm_zimmermanlibrary.jpg/516px-Unm_zimmermanlibrary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Unm_zimmermanlibrary.jpg/687px-Unm_zimmermanlibrary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1487" data-file-height="909" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Zimmerman Library at The University of New Mexico</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 250px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 248px;"><a href="/wiki/File:NMSU_Zuhl_2008.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Zuhl Library at New Mexico State University"><img alt="Zuhl Library at New Mexico State University" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/NMSU_Zuhl_2008.JPG/372px-NMSU_Zuhl_2008.JPG" decoding="async" width="248" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/NMSU_Zuhl_2008.JPG/557px-NMSU_Zuhl_2008.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/NMSU_Zuhl_2008.JPG/743px-NMSU_Zuhl_2008.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="723" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Zuhl Library at New Mexico State University</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Walkway_outside_Golden_Library,_NMU.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Walkway outside Golden Library at Eastern New Mexico University"><img alt="Walkway outside Golden Library at Eastern New Mexico University" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Walkway_outside_Golden_Library%2C_NMU.jpg/280px-Walkway_outside_Golden_Library%2C_NMU.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Walkway_outside_Golden_Library%2C_NMU.jpg/420px-Walkway_outside_Golden_Library%2C_NMU.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Walkway_outside_Golden_Library%2C_NMU.jpg/560px-Walkway_outside_Golden_Library%2C_NMU.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Walkway outside Golden Library at Eastern New Mexico University</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Donnelly_library.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Donnelly Library at New Mexico Highlands University"><img alt="Donnelly Library at New Mexico Highlands University" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Donnelly_library.jpg/280px-Donnelly_library.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Donnelly_library.jpg/420px-Donnelly_library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Donnelly_library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="396" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Donnelly Library at New Mexico Highlands University</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Mexico" title="Culture of New Mexico">Culture of New Mexico</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_New_Mexico" title="List of people from New Mexico">List of people from New Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">New Mexican cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_chile" title="New Mexico chile">New Mexico chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_wine" title="New Mexico wine">New Mexico wine</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_breweries_in_New_Mexico" title="List of breweries in New Mexico">List of breweries in New Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Mexico" title="Music of New Mexico">Music of New Mexico</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_music" title="New Mexico music">New Mexico music</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Southwestern_Chillis_and_Skull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Southwestern_Chillis_and_Skull.jpg/250px-Southwestern_Chillis_and_Skull.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Southwestern_Chillis_and_Skull.jpg/330px-Southwestern_Chillis_and_Skull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Southwestern_Chillis_and_Skull.jpg/500px-Southwestern_Chillis_and_Skull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1325" /></a><figcaption>Symbols of the Southwest: a string of dried <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chile pepper pods</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Ristra" title="Ristra">ristra</a>) and a bleached white <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cow</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Skull" title="Skull">skull</a> hang in a market near <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a>.</figcaption></figure> New Mexican culture is a unique fusion of indigenous, Spanish, Hispanic, and American influences. The intermingling of these diverse groups is reflected in New Mexico's demographics, <a href="/wiki/Toponymy" title="Toponymy">toponyms</a>, cuisine, dialect, and identity. Compared to other Western states, New Mexico's Spanish and Mexican heritage remain more visible and enduring, due to it having been the oldest, most populous, and most important province in New Spain's northern periphery.<a href="#cite_note-438">[434]</a> However, some historians allege that this history has been understated or marginalized by persistent <a href="/wiki/Black_Legend_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Legend (Spain)">American biases and misconceptions</a> towards Spanish colonial history, reflected in part by the fact that many Americans do not know it is part of the U.S.;<a href="#cite_note-439">[435]</a> this misconception variably elicits frustration, amusement, or even pride among New Mexicans as evidence of their unique heritage.<a href="#cite_note-440">[436]</a><a href="#cite_note-441">[437]</a><a href="#cite_note-442">[438]</a> Like other states in the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">American Southwest</a>, New Mexico bears the legacy of the "<a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">Old West</a>" period of American westward expansion, characterized by <a href="/wiki/Cattle_ranching" class="mw-redirect" title="Cattle ranching">cattle ranching</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cowboy" title="Cowboy">cowboys</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_pioneer" title="American pioneer">pioneers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Trail" title="Santa Fe Trail">Santa Fe Trail</a>, and conflicts among and between settlers and Native Americans.<a href="#cite_note-Beck-McNamee-2023b-146">[142]</a> The state's vast and diverse geography, sparse population, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_New_Mexico" title="List of ghost towns in New Mexico">abundance of ghost towns</a> have contributed to its enduring frontier image and atmosphere.<a href="#cite_note-Beck-McNamee-2023b-146">[142]</a> Many fictional works of the <a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">Western genre</a> are <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_shot_in_New_Mexico" title="List of films shot in New Mexico">set or produced in New Mexico</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_architecture" title="Pueblo architecture">Pueblo architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Style" title="Territorial Style">Territorial Style</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_vernacular" title="New Mexico vernacular">New Mexico vernacular</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revival_architecture" title="Pueblo Revival architecture">Pueblo Revival architecture</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Revival_architecture" title="Territorial Revival architecture">Territorial Revival architecture</a></div> Examples of New Mexico's architectural history date back to the <a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloans" title="Ancestral Puebloans">Ancestral Puebloans</a> within <a href="/wiki/Oasisamerica" title="Oasisamerica">Oasisamerica</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Hispanos_of_New_Mexico" title="Hispanos of New Mexico">Hispanos of New Mexico</a> adapted the <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_architecture" title="Pueblo architecture">Pueblo architecture</a> style within their own buildings, and following the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a> in 1706, the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Style" title="Territorial Style">Territorial Style</a> of architecture blended the styles.<a href="#cite_note-Shapland_2018-443">[439]</a> Rural communities incorporated both building types into a <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_vernacular" title="New Mexico vernacular">New Mexico vernacular</a> style, further exemplifying the indigenous roots of New Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-Shacklette_2012_pp._157–176-444">[440]</a> After statehood, the modern <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revival_architecture" title="Pueblo Revival architecture">Pueblo Revival</a> and <a href="/wiki/Territorial_Revival_architecture" title="Territorial Revival architecture">Territorial Revival architectural styles</a> became more prevalent, with these revival architectures becoming officially encouraged since the 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-Nelson_2021-445">[441]</a> These styles have been blended with other modern styles, as happened with <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Deco_architecture" title="Pueblo Deco architecture">Pueblo Deco architecture</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Secord_2012-446">[442]</a> within modern contemporary New Mexican architecture.<a href="#cite_note-Thompson_Dunn_2021_p._34-447">[443]</a><a href="#cite_note-Keates_2019-448">[444]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art,_literature,_and_media">Art, literature, and media</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_American_Southwest" title="Art of the American Southwest">Art of the American Southwest</a>; <a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_literature" title="New Mexican literature">New Mexican literature</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Media in Albuquerque, New Mexico">Media in Albuquerque, New Mexico</a></div> The earliest New Mexico artists whose work survives today are the <a href="/wiki/Mimbres_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Mimbres culture">Mimbres Indians</a>, whose black and white pottery could be mistaken for modern art, except for the fact that it was produced before 1130 CE. Many examples of this work can be seen at the <a href="/wiki/Deming_Armory" title="Deming Armory">Deming Luna Mimbres Museum</a><a href="#cite_note-449">[445]</a> and at the <a href="/wiki/Western_New_Mexico_University" title="Western New Mexico University">Western New Mexico University</a> Museum.<a href="#cite_note-450">[446]</a> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a> has long hosted a thriving artistic community, which has included such prominent figures as <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Nauman" title="Bruce Nauman">Bruce Nauman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Tuttle" title="Richard Tuttle">Richard Tuttle</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Connell_(artist)" title="John Connell (artist)">John Connell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steina_Vasulka" class="mw-redirect" title="Steina Vasulka">Steina Vasulka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ned_Bittinger" title="Ned Bittinger">Ned Bittinger</a>.<a href="#cite_note-451">[447]</a> The capital city has several art museums, including the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Museum_of_Art" title="New Mexico Museum of Art">New Mexico Museum of Art</a>, Museum of Spanish Colonial Art, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_International_Folk_Art" title="Museum of International Folk Art">Museum of International Folk Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Indian_Arts_and_Culture" title="Museum of Indian Arts and Culture">Museum of Indian Arts and Culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Native_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Contemporary Native Art">Museum of Contemporary Native Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/SITE_Santa_Fe" title="SITE Santa Fe">SITE Santa Fe</a> and others. Colonies for artists and writers thrive, and the small city teems with art galleries. In August, the city hosts the annual <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Indian_Market" title="Santa Fe Indian Market">Santa Fe Indian Market</a>, which is the oldest and largest juried Native American art showcase in the world. Performing arts include the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Opera" title="Santa Fe Opera">Santa Fe Opera</a>, which presents five operas in repertory each July to August; the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Chamber_Music_Festival" title="Santa Fe Chamber Music Festival">Santa Fe Chamber Music Festival</a> held each summer; and the restored <a href="/wiki/Lensic_Theater" title="Lensic Theater">Lensic Theater</a>, a principal venue for many kinds of performances. The weekend after Labor Day boasts the burning of <a href="/wiki/Zozobra" title="Zozobra">Zozobra</a>, a fifty-foot (15 m) marionette, during <a href="/wiki/Fiestas_de_Santa_Fe" title="Fiestas de Santa Fe">Fiestas de Santa Fe</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Fe_Opera_interior_view_from_section_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Santa_Fe_Opera_interior_view_from_section_10.jpg/250px-Santa_Fe_Opera_interior_view_from_section_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Santa_Fe_Opera_interior_view_from_section_10.jpg/330px-Santa_Fe_Opera_interior_view_from_section_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Santa_Fe_Opera_interior_view_from_section_10.jpg/500px-Santa_Fe_Opera_interior_view_from_section_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Interior of the Crosby Theater at the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Opera" title="Santa Fe Opera">Santa Fe Opera</a>, viewed from the mezzanine</figcaption></figure> As New Mexico's largest city, Albuquerque hosts many of the state's leading cultural events and institutions, including the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Museum_of_Natural_History_and_Science" title="New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science">New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Hispanic_Cultural_Center" title="National Hispanic Cultural Center">National Hispanic Cultural Center</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Nuclear_Science_%26_History" title="National Museum of Nuclear Science & History">National Museum of Nuclear Science & History</a>, and the famed annual <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_International_Balloon_Fiesta" title="Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta">Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta</a>. The National Hispanic Cultural Center has held hundreds of performing arts events, art showcases, and other events related to Spanish culture in New Mexico and worldwide in the centerpiece Roy E Disney Center for the Performing Arts or in other venues at the 53-acre facility. New Mexico residents and visitors alike can enjoy performing art from around the world at Popejoy Hall on the campus of the University of New Mexico. Popejoy Hall hosts singers, dancers, Broadway shows, other types of acts, and Shakespeare.<a href="#cite_note-452">[448]</a> Albuquerque also has the unique and iconic <a href="/wiki/KiMo_Theater" title="KiMo Theater">KiMo Theater</a> built in 1927 in the <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revival_Style_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Pueblo Revival Style architecture">Pueblo Revival Style architecture</a>. The KiMo presents live theater and concerts as well as movies and <a href="/wiki/Simulcast" title="Simulcast">simulcast</a> operas.<a href="#cite_note-453">[449]</a> In addition to other general interest theaters, Albuquerque also has the African American Performing Arts Center and Exhibit Hall which showcases achievements by people of African descent<a href="#cite_note-454">[450]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Pueblo_Cultural_Center" title="Indian Pueblo Cultural Center">Indian Pueblo Cultural Center</a> which highlights the cultural heritage of the <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">First Nations</a> people of New Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-455">[451]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Farolitos,_old_church,_Jemez_State_Monument.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Farolitos%2C_old_church%2C_Jemez_State_Monument.jpg/220px-Farolitos%2C_old_church%2C_Jemez_State_Monument.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Farolitos%2C_old_church%2C_Jemez_State_Monument.jpg/330px-Farolitos%2C_old_church%2C_Jemez_State_Monument.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Farolitos%2C_old_church%2C_Jemez_State_Monument.jpg/440px-Farolitos%2C_old_church%2C_Jemez_State_Monument.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Luminarias" class="mw-redirect" title="Luminarias">Luminarias</a> in the old mission church, <a href="/wiki/Jemez_State_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Jemez State Monument">Jemez State Monument</a> </figcaption></figure> New Mexico holds strong to its Spanish heritage. Old Spanish traditions such <a href="/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela">zarzuelas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">flamenco</a> are popular;<a href="#cite_note-456">[452]</a><a href="#cite_note-457">[453]</a> the University of New Mexico is the only institute of higher education in the world with a program dedicated to flamenco.<a href="#cite_note-458">[454]</a> Flamenco dancer and native New Mexican <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Ben%C3%ADtez" title="María Benítez">María Benítez</a> founded the Maria Benítez Institute for Spanish Arts "to present programs of the highest quality of the rich artistic heritage of Spain, as expressed through music, dance, visual arts, and other art forms". There is also the annual Festival Flamenco Internacional de Alburquerque, where native Spanish and New Mexican flamenco dancers perform at the University of New Mexico; it is the largest and oldest flamenco event outside of Spain.<a href="#cite_note-459">[455]</a> In the mid-20th century, there was a thriving Hispano school of literature and scholarship being produced in both English and Spanish. Among the more notable authors were: <a href="/wiki/Ang%C3%A9lico_Ch%C3%A1vez" class="mw-redirect" title="Angélico Chávez">Angélico Chávez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adelina_Otero-Warren" title="Adelina Otero-Warren">Nina Otero-Warren</a>, Fabiola Cabeza de Baca, Aurelio Espinosa, <a href="/wiki/Cleofas_Mart%C3%ADnez_Jaramillo" title="Cleofas Martínez Jaramillo">Cleofas Jaramillo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Rael" title="Juan Bautista Rael">Juan Bautista Rael</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aurora_Lucero-White_Lea" title="Aurora Lucero-White Lea">Aurora Lucero-White Lea</a>. As well, writer <a href="/wiki/D._H._Lawrence" title="D. H. Lawrence">D. H. Lawrence</a> lived near <a href="/wiki/Taos,_New_Mexico" title="Taos, New Mexico">Taos</a> in the 1920s, at the <a href="/wiki/D._H._Lawrence_Ranch" title="D. H. Lawrence Ranch">D. H. Lawrence Ranch</a>, where there is a shrine said to contain his ashes. New Mexico's strong <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Spain" title="Culture of Spain">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglo-America" title="Anglo-America">Anglo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wild_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild West">Wild West frontier</a> motifs have contributed to a unique <a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_literature" title="New Mexican literature">body of literature</a>, represented by internationally recognized authors such as <a href="/wiki/Rudolfo_Anaya" title="Rudolfo Anaya">Rudolfo Anaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Hillerman" title="Tony Hillerman">Tony Hillerman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Abraham_(author)" title="Daniel Abraham (author)">Daniel Abraham</a>.<a href="#cite_note-460">[456]</a> <a href="/wiki/Western_fiction" title="Western fiction">Western fiction</a> folk heroes <a href="/wiki/Billy_the_Kid" title="Billy the Kid">Billy the Kid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elfego_Baca" title="Elfego Baca">Elfego Baca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geronimo" title="Geronimo">Geronimo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pat_Garrett" title="Pat Garrett">Pat Garrett</a> originate in New Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-New_Mexico_Archives_Online_2022-461">[457]</a> These same Hispanic, indigenous, and frontier histories have given New Mexico a place in the history of <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_music_(North_America)" title="Western music (North America)">Western</a> music,<a href="#cite_note-New_Mexico_Tourism_&_Travel_2019-462">[458]</a><a href="#cite_note-Elizondo_2022-463">[459]</a><a href="#cite_note-Segarra_2022-464">[460]</a> with its own <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_music" title="New Mexico music">New Mexico music</a> genre,<a href="#cite_note-Nashville_To_New_Mexico_2022-465">[461]</a><a href="#cite_note-Arellano_2017-466">[462]</a><a href="#cite_note-Energy.gov_2020-467">[463]</a> including the careers of <a href="/wiki/Al_Hurricane" title="Al Hurricane">Al Hurricane</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Interns_2017-468">[464]</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mirabal" title="Robert Mirabal">Robert Mirabal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-The_Taos_News_2019-469">[465]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Martin_Murphey" title="Michael Martin Murphey">Michael Martin Murphey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Doland_2018-470">[466]</a> <a href="/wiki/Silver_City,_New_Mexico" title="Silver City, New Mexico">Silver City</a>, originally a mining town, is now a major hub and exhibition center for large numbers of artists, visual and otherwise.<a href="#cite_note-471">[467]</a> Another former mining town turned art haven is <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, New Mexico, which was brought to national fame as the filming location for the 2007 movie <a href="/wiki/Wild_Hogs" title="Wild Hogs">Wild Hogs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-472">[468]</a> Las Cruces, in southern New Mexico, has a museum system affiliated with the Smithsonian Institution Affiliations Program,<a href="#cite_note-473">[469]</a> and hosts a variety of cultural and artistic opportunities for residents and visitors.<a href="#cite_note-474">[470]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">Western</a> genre immortalized the varied mountainous, riparian, and desert environment into film.<a href="#cite_note-2006_Momaday-475">[471]</a> Owing to a combination of financial incentives, low cost, and geographic diversity, New Mexico has long been a popular setting or filming location for various films and television series. In addition to Wild Hogs, other movies filmed in New Mexico include <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_Cleaning" title="Sunshine Cleaning">Sunshine Cleaning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vampires_(1998_film)" title="Vampires (1998 film)">Vampires</a>. Various seasons of the <a href="/wiki/A%26E_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="A&E (TV channel)">A&E</a>/<a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> series <a href="/wiki/Longmire_(TV_series)" title="Longmire (TV series)">Longmire</a> were filmed in several New Mexico locations, including <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas,_New_Mexico" title="Las Vegas, New Mexico">Las Vegas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Nest,_New_Mexico" title="Eagle Nest, New Mexico">Eagle Nest</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Red_River,_New_Mexico" title="Red River, New Mexico">Red River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-476">[472]</a> The widely acclaimed <a href="/wiki/Breaking_Bad_(franchise)" title="Breaking Bad (franchise)">Breaking Bad franchise</a> was set and filmed in and around Albuquerque, a product of the ongoing success of <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Media in Albuquerque, New Mexico">media in the city</a> in large part helped by <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Albuquerque Studios">Albuquerque Studios</a>, and the presence of production studios like <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> and <a href="/wiki/NBCUniversal" title="NBCUniversal">NBCUniversal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-477">[473]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg_2021-478">[474]</a><a href="#cite_note-Padilla_NBCUniversal_2021-85">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">New Mexican cuisine</a></div> New Mexico is known for its unique and eclectic culinary scene,<a href="#cite_note-479">[475]</a> which fuses various <a href="/wiki/Native_American_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American cuisine">indigenous cuisines</a> with those of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_cuisine" title="Spanish cuisine">Spanish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mexican_cuisine" title="Mexican cuisine">Mexican</a> <a href="/wiki/Hispanos_of_New_Mexico" title="Hispanos of New Mexico">Hispanos</a> originating in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Nuevo México</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Enchantment-480">[476]</a><a href="#cite_note-Swentzell_Perea_2016_p.-481">[477]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nostrand_1996_p._13-482">[478]</a> Like other aspects of the state's culture, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">New Mexican cuisine</a> has been shaped by a variety of influences from throughout its history;<a href="#cite_note-Taylor_2016_p._361-483">[479]</a><a href="#cite_note-Enchantment-480">[476]</a><a href="#cite_note-New_Mexico_Magazine_2012_p.-484">[480]</a> consequently, it is unlike <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cuisine" title="Latin American cuisine">Latin</a> food originating elsewhere in the <a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">contiguous United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Taco_USA-485">[481]</a>: 109 <a href="#cite_note-Guide-486">[482]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sutter_2017-487">[483]</a> Distinguishing characteristics include the use of local spices, herbs, flavors, and vegetables, particularly red and green <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_chile" title="New Mexico chile">New Mexico chile</a> peppers,<a href="#cite_note-Video_2022-488">[484]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tanis_2016-489">[485]</a><a href="#cite_note-Larese_2013-490">[486]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">anise</a> (used in <a href="/wiki/Bizcochito" title="Bizcochito">bizcochitos</a>),<a href="#cite_note-Jamison_2013-491">[487]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pine_nuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Pine nuts">piñon</a> (pine nuts).<a href="#cite_note-Nut-492">[488]</a> Among the dishes unique to New Mexico are <a href="/wiki/Frybread" title="Frybread">frybread</a>-style <a href="/wiki/Sopapilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Sopapilla">sopapillas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breakfast_burrito" title="Breakfast burrito">breakfast burritos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enchilada" title="Enchilada">enchilada</a> montada (stacked enchiladas), green chile stew, <a href="/wiki/Carne_seca" title="Carne seca">carne seca</a> (a thinly sliced variant of <a href="/wiki/Jerky" title="Jerky">jerky</a>), green chile burgers, <a href="/wiki/Pozole" title="Pozole">posole</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Hominy" title="Hominy">hominy</a> dish), slow-cooked frijoles (beans, typically <a href="/wiki/Pinto_bean" title="Pinto bean">pinto beans</a>), calabacitas (sautéed <a href="/wiki/Zucchini" title="Zucchini">zucchini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Summer_squash" title="Summer squash">summer squash</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Adobada#New_Mexico" title="Adobada">carne adovada</a> (pork marinated in red chile).<a href="#cite_note-Matador_Network_2011-493">[489]</a><a href="#cite_note-New_Mexico_Secretary_of_State_2018-494">[490]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bizarre_Foods_Delicious_Destinations,_Albuquerque-495">[491]</a> The state is also the epicenter of a burgeoning Native American culinary movement, in which chefs of indigenous descent serve traditional cuisine through <a href="/wiki/Food_truck" title="Food truck">food trucks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-496">[492]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Ana_Star_Center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Santa_Ana_Star_Center.jpg/250px-Santa_Ana_Star_Center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Santa_Ana_Star_Center.jpg/330px-Santa_Ana_Star_Center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Santa_Ana_Star_Center.jpg/500px-Santa_Ana_Star_Center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1504" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_Star_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Ana Star Center">Santa Ana Star Center</a></figcaption></figure> No major league professional sports teams are based in New Mexico, but the <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_Isotopes" title="Albuquerque Isotopes">Albuquerque Isotopes</a> are the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coast_League" title="Pacific Coast League">Pacific Coast League</a> baseball affiliate of the <a href="/wiki/MLB" class="mw-redirect" title="MLB">MLB</a> <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Rockies" title="Colorado Rockies">Colorado Rockies</a>. The state hosts several baseball teams of the <a href="/wiki/Pecos_League" title="Pecos League">Pecos League</a>: the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roswell_Invaders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roswell Invaders (page does not exist)">Roswell Invaders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruidoso_Osos" title="Ruidoso Osos">Ruidoso Osos</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Fe_Fuego&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santa Fe Fuego (page does not exist)">Santa Fe Fuego</a> and the <a href="/wiki/White_Sands_Pupfish_(baseball)" class="mw-redirect" title="White Sands Pupfish (baseball)">White Sands Pupfish</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Duke_City_Gladiators" title="Duke City Gladiators">Duke City Gladiators</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indoor_Football_League" title="Indoor Football League">Indoor Football League</a> (IFL) plays their home games at <a href="/wiki/Tingley_Coliseum" title="Tingley Coliseum">Tingley Coliseum</a> in Albuquerque; the city also hosts two soccer teams: <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_United" title="New Mexico United">New Mexico United</a>, which began playing in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_soccer_league_system" title="United States soccer league system">second tier</a> <a href="/wiki/USL_Championship" title="USL Championship">USL Championship</a> in 2019, and the associated <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_United_U23" title="New Mexico United U23">New Mexico United U23</a>, which plays in the fourth tier <a href="/wiki/USL_League_Two" title="USL League Two">USL League Two</a>. Collegiate athletics are the center of <a href="/wiki/Spectator_sport" title="Spectator sport">spectator sports</a> in New Mexico, namely the rivalry between various teams of the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Lobos" title="New Mexico Lobos">University of New Mexico Lobos</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_State_Aggies" title="New Mexico State Aggies">New Mexico State Aggies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-497">[493]</a> The intense competition between the two teams is often referred to as the "<a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Rivalry" title="Rio Grande Rivalry">Rio Grande Rivalry</a>" or the "Battle of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_25_in_New_Mexico" title="Interstate 25 in New Mexico">I-25</a>" (in reference to both campuses being located along that highway). <a href="/wiki/NMSU" class="mw-redirect" title="NMSU">NMSU</a> also has a rivalry with the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_El_Paso" title="University of Texas at El Paso">University of Texas at El Paso</a> called "<a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_I-10" class="mw-redirect" title="The Battle of I-10">The Battle of I-10</a>". The winner of the NMSU-UTEP football game receives the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Spade" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Spade">Silver Spade</a> trophy. Olympic gold medalist <a href="/wiki/Tom_Jager" title="Tom Jager">Tom Jager</a>, an advocate of controversial <a href="/wiki/High-altitude_training" class="mw-redirect" title="High-altitude training">high-altitude training</a> for swimming, has conducted training camps in Albuquerque at 5,312 feet (1,619 m) and <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos,_New_Mexico" title="Los Alamos, New Mexico">Los Alamos</a> at 7,320 feet (2,231 m).<a href="#cite_note-498">[494]</a> New Mexico is a major hub for various <a href="/wiki/Shooting_sports" title="Shooting sports">shooting sports</a>, mainly concentrated in the <a href="/wiki/NRA_Whittington_Center" title="NRA Whittington Center">NRA Whittington Center</a> in Raton, which is largest and most comprehensive competitive shooting range and training facility in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-499">[495]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_heritage">Historic heritage</h3></div> Owing to its millennia of habitation and over two centuries of Spanish colonial rule, New Mexico features a significant number of sites with historical and cultural significance. Forty-six locations across the state are listed by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Historic_Landmark" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. National Historic Landmark">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a>, the 18th highest of any state.<a href="#cite_note-500">[496]</a> New Mexico has nine of the country's 84 national monuments, which are sites federally protected by presidential proclamation; this is the second-highest number after Arizona.<a href="#cite_note-Mazurek-2021-107">[104]</a> The monuments include some of the earliest to have been created: <a href="/wiki/El_Morro_National_Monument" title="El Morro National Monument">El Morro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gila_Cliff_Dwellings_National_Monument" title="Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument">Gila Cliff Dwellings</a>, proclaimed in 1906 and 1907, respectively; both preserve the state's ancient indigenous heritage.<a href="#cite_note-Mazurek-2021-107">[104]</a> New Mexico is one of 20 states with a <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_States" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United States">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>, and among only eight with more than one. Excluding sites shared between states, New Mexico has the most World Heritage Sites in the country, with three exclusively within its territory.<a href="#cite_note-501">[497]</a><a href="#cite_note-502">[498]</a><a href="#cite_note-503">[499]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3></div> Since 1970, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Magazine" title="New Mexico Magazine">New Mexico Magazine</a> has had a standing feature, One of Our 50 Is Missing,<a href="#cite_note-504">[500]</a> which relates often humorous anecdotes about instances in which people elsewhere do not realize New Mexico is a state, confuse it with the nation of Mexico, or otherwise mistake it as being a foreign country. The state's license plates say "New Mexico USA", so as to avoid confusion with Mexico, which it borders to the southwest. New Mexico is the only state that specifies "USA" on its license plates.<a href="#cite_note-505">[501]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <div class="noprint tright portal" style="border:solid #777799 1px;margin:0.2em 0 0.2em 0.2em;"> <table style="background:#FFFFFE;font-size:8pt;line-height:110%;max-width:200px;"> <tbody><tr style="height:24px;"><td style="text-align:center;"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/24px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/36px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/48px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></td><td style="padding:0 0.2em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></td></tr><tr style="height:24px;"><td style="text-align:center;"><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/40px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/60px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></td><td style="padding:0 0.2em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America portal</a></td></tr><tr style="height:24px;"><td style="text-align:center;"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="46" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/69px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/92px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></td><td style="padding:0 0.2em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_New_Mexico" title="Climate change in New Mexico">Climate change in New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_Mexico" title="Economy of New Mexico">Economy of New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_New_Mexico" title="Geology of New Mexico">Geology of New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_Mexico" title="Government of New Mexico">Government of New Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Mexico" title="Governor of New Mexico">Governor of New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_Mexico" title="List of counties in New Mexico">List of counties in New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_New_Mexico" title="List of municipalities in New Mexico">List of municipalities in New Mexico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Mexico" title="History of New Mexico">History of New Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_Mexico_history" title="Timeline of New Mexico history">Timeline of New Mexico history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_New_Mexico-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of New Mexico-related articles">Index of New Mexico-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_of_New_Mexico" title="List of mountain peaks of New Mexico">List of mountain peaks of New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_New_Mexico" title="List of rivers of New Mexico">List of rivers of New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_New_Mexico" title="Outline of New Mexico">Outline of New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontology_in_New_Mexico" title="Paleontology in New Mexico">Paleontology in New Mexico</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NAVD88-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NAVD88_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NAVD88_4-1">b</a> Elevation adjusted to <a href="/wiki/North_American_Vertical_Datum_of_1988" title="North American Vertical Datum of 1988">North American Vertical Datum of 1988</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> "Any other citizen, regardless of race, in the State of New Mexico who has not paid one cent of tax of any kind or character, if he possesses the other qualifications, may vote. An Indian, and only an Indian, in order to meet the qualifications to vote, must have paid a tax. How you can escape the conclusion that makes a requirement with respect to an Indian as a qualification to exercise the elective franchise and does not make that requirement with respect to the member of any race is beyond me." </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial_State_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnam Veterans Memorial State Park">Vietnam Veterans Memorial</a> was a state park until 2017, when it was transferred to the Department of Veteran Services in 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newmexico.org/listing/vietnam-veterans-memorial-state-park/2042/">Vietnam Veterans Memorial State Park | Angel Fire, NM 87045</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220106180135/https://www.newmexico.org/listing/vietnam-veterans-memorial-state-park/2042/">Archived</a> January 6, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (newmexico.org). </li> </ol></div></div><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Spanish: Nuevo México In <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Spanish" title="Peninsular Spanish">Peninsular Spanish</a>, a spelling variant, Méjico, is also used alongside México. According to the <a href="/wiki/Diccionario_panhisp%C3%A1nico_de_dudas" title="Diccionario panhispánico de dudas">Diccionario panhispánico de dudas</a> by <a href="/wiki/Royal_Spanish_Academy" title="Royal Spanish Academy">Royal Spanish Academy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Academies_of_the_Spanish_Language" title="Association of Academies of the Spanish Language">Association of Academies of the Spanish Language</a>, the spelling version with J is correct; however, the spelling with X is recommended, as it is the one that is used in <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Spanish" title="Mexican Spanish">Mexican Spanish</a>. "México" in <a href="/wiki/Diccionario_panhisp%C3%A1nico_de_dudas" title="Diccionario panhispánico de dudas">Diccionario panhispánico de dudas</a> by <a href="/wiki/Royal_Spanish_Academy" title="Royal Spanish Academy">Royal Spanish Academy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Academies_of_the_Spanish_Language" title="Association of Academies of the Spanish Language">Association of Academies of the Spanish Language</a>, Madrid: Santillana. 2005. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8429406238" title="Special:BookSources/978-8429406238">978-8429406238</a>.<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ˈnweβo ˈmexiko]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/74\/Es-Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico.oga\/Es-Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Es-Nuevo M\u00e9xico.oga"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/74/Es-Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico.oga/Es-Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Es-Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico.oga" title="File:Es-Nuevo México.oga">ⓘ</a>; <a href="/wiki/Navajo_language" title="Navajo language">Navajo</a>: Yootó Hahoodzo <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Navajo pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Navajo" title="Help:IPA/Navajo">[jòːtʰó hɑ̀hòːtsò]</a> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-uscensus2010_cph-2-1_area-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uscensus2010_cph-2-1_area_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-uscensus2010_cph-2-1_area_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-uscensus2010_cph-2-1_area_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-uscensus2010_cph-2-1_area_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-uscensus2010_cph-2-1_area_1-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-1.pdf">"United States Summary: 2010 – Population and Housing Unit Counts"</a> (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. September 2012. p. 41. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121019110435/http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/cph-2-1.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved March 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft.atitle=United+States+Summary%3A+2010+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3BPopulation+and+Housing+Unit+Counts&rft.pages=41&rft.date=2012-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fcen2010%2Fcph-2-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/ds_mark.prl?PidBox=GM0779">"Wheeler"</a>. NGS Data Sheet. <a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Geodetic_Survey" title="U.S. National Geodetic Survey">National Geodetic Survey</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">United States Department of Commerce</a>. Retrieved October 24, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NGS+Data+Sheet&rft.atitle=Wheeler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngs.noaa.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fds_mark.prl%3FPidBox%3DGM0779&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGS-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-USGS_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111015012701/http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html">"Elevations and Distances in the United States"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html">the original</a> on October 15, 2011. Retrieved October 24, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elevations+and+Distances+in+the+United+States&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fegsc.usgs.gov%2Fisb%2Fpubs%2Fbooklets%2Felvadist%2Felvadist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/NM/PST045224">"United States Census Quick Facts New Mexico"</a>. Retrieved January 9, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Census+Quick+Facts+New+Mexico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fquickfacts%2Ffact%2Ftable%2FNM%2FPST045224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2024/demo/acsbr-023.pdf">"Household Income in States and Metropolitan Areas: 2023"</a> (PDF). Retrieved January 12, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Household+Income+in+States+and+Metropolitan+Areas%3A+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2F2024%2Fdemo%2Facsbr-023.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lema.rae.es/drae/?val=neomexicano">Neomexicano definition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180627173318/http://lema.rae.es/drae/?val=neomexicano">Archived</a> June 27, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by <a href="/wiki/Royal_Spanish_Academy" title="Royal Spanish Academy">Royal Spanish Academy</a> (Real Academia Española) </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523182222/http://www.mla.org/map_data_results%26SRVY_YEAR%3D2010%26geo%3Dstate%26state_id%3D35%26mode%3Dgeographic">"Most spoken languages in New Mexico in 2010"</a>. MLA Data Center. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mla.org/map_data_results&SRVY_YEAR=2010&geo=state&state_id=35&mode=geographic">the original</a> on May 23, 2013. Retrieved November 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Most+spoken+languages+in+New+Mexico+in+2010&rft.pub=MLA+Data+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mla.org%2Fmap_data_results%26SRVY_YEAR%3D2010%26geo%3Dstate%26state_id%3D35%26mode%3Dgeographic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcKay2023" class="citation web cs1">McKay, Dan (March 28, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abqjournal.com/2586004/sweet-smell-of-success-state-law-now-declares-an-official-state-aroma-in-new-mexico.html">"Sweet smell of success"</a>. 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Retrieved June 3, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Albuquerque+Journal&rft.atitle=Sweet+smell+of+success&rft.date=2023-03-28&rft.aulast=McKay&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abqjournal.com%2F2586004%2Fsweet-smell-of-success-state-law-now-declares-an-official-state-aroma-in-new-mexico.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/us">"United States of America"</a>. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220129201412/http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/us/">Archived</a> from the original on January 29, 2022. Retrieved January 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=United+States+of+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fstatesparties%2Fus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sector_2014-13"><a href="#cite_ref-Sector_2014_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSector2014" class="citation web cs1">Sector, End-Use (June 19, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eia.gov/state/print.php?sid=NM">"New Mexico Profile"</a>. 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Retrieved June 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Facilities&rft.atitle=High-Tech+Hubs+Are+Moving+To+Their+Markets&rft.date=2012-10-24&rft.aulast=Vickers&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbusinessfacilities.com%2F2012%2F10%2Ffeature-story-high-tech-hubs-are-moving-to-their-markets%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forbes_2019-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Forbes_2019_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/places/nm/albuquerque/">"Albuquerque, NM"</a>. Forbes. August 14, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220627153017/https://www.forbes.com/places/nm/albuquerque/">Archived</a> from the original on June 27, 2022. 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Retrieved July 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Albuquerque+Journal&rft.atitle=New+Mexico%27s+film+industry+has+bounded+back+to+near+pre-pandemic+levels&rft.date=2021-05-29&rft.aulast=Gomez&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abqjournal.com%2F2395317%2Fnew-mexicos-film-industry-has-bounded-back-to-near-prepandemic-levels.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/188085/gdp-of-the-us-federal-state-of-new-mexico-since-1997/">"Per capita real Gross Domestic Product of New Mexico from 2000 to 2023"</a>. 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Retrieved May 1, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+2010+Brief&rft.atitle=The+American+Indian+and+Alaska+Native+Population%3A+2010&rft.date=2012-02&rft.aulast=Norris&rft.aufirst=Tina&rft.au=Vines%2C+Paula+L.&rft.au=Hoeffel%2C+Elizabeth+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fcen2010%2Fbriefs%2Fc2010br-10.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChavezCisneros" class="citation web cs1">Chavez, Angelico; Cisneros, José. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/2649166?availability=Brigham%20City%20Utah%20FamilySearch%20Center">"Origins of New Mexico families in the Spanish colonial period : in two parts : the seventeenth (1598–1693) and the eighteenth (1693–1821) centuries"</a>. familysearch.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221015225452/https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/2649166?availability=Brigham%20City%20Utah%20FamilySearch%20Center">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2022. Retrieved October 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=familysearch.org&rft.atitle=Origins+of+New+Mexico+families+in+the+Spanish+colonial+period+%3A+in+two+parts+%3A+the+seventeenth+%281598%E2%80%931693%29+and+the+eighteenth+%281693%E2%80%931821%29+centuries&rft.aulast=Chavez&rft.aufirst=Angelico&rft.au=Cisneros%2C+Jos%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.familysearch.org%2Fsearch%2Fcatalog%2F2649166%3Favailability%3DBrigham%2520City%2520Utah%2520FamilySearch%2520Center&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources#User-generated_content" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources">user-generated source</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://longoriaf.tripod.com/onate_genealogy.htm">"Onate Genealogy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221015225451/https://longoriaf.tripod.com/onate_genealogy.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2022. Retrieved October 15, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Onate+Genealogy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flongoriaf.tripod.com%2Fonate_genealogy.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKaye2001" class="citation journal cs1">Kaye, Edward B. (2001). "Good Flag, Bad Flag, and the Great NAVA Flag Survey of 2001". Raven: A Journal of Vexillology. 8: 11–38. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5840%2Fraven200182">10.5840/raven200182</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1071-0043">1071-0043</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Raven%3A+A+Journal+of+Vexillology&rft.atitle=Good+Flag%2C+Bad+Flag%2C+and+the+Great+NAVA+Flag+Survey+of+2001&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E11-%3C%2Fspan%3E38&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5840%2Fraven200182&rft.issn=1071-0043&rft.aulast=Kaye&rft.aufirst=Edward+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netstate.com/states/symb/flags/nm_flag.htm">"New Mexico State Flag – About the New Mexico Flag, its adoption and history from"</a>. Netstate.Com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120916112830/http://www.netstate.com/states/symb/flags/nm_flag.htm">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2012. Retrieved June 10, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Mexico+State+Flag+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3BAbout+the+New+Mexico+Flag%2C+its+adoption+and+history+from&rft.pub=Netstate.Com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netstate.com%2Fstates%2Fsymb%2Fflags%2Fnm_flag.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChimalpahin_Quauhtlehuanitzin2006" class="citation book cs1">Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, Don Domingo de San Antón Muñón (2006). Namala, Doris; Lockhart, James; Schroeder, Susan (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GRFcH0HWrJ4C&dq=yancuic%20mexico&pg=PA144">Annals of His Time: Don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin</a>. Stanford University Press. p. 144. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804754545" title="Special:BookSources/9780804754545"><bdi>9780804754545</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230612153725/https://books.google.com/books?id=GRFcH0HWrJ4C&dq=yancuic%20mexico&pg=PA144">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2023. Retrieved June 3, 2023. <q>inchan yn ompa huehue mexico aztlan quinehuayan chicomoztoc yn axcan quitocayotia yancuic mexico</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annals+of+His+Time%3A+Don+Domingo+de+San+Ant%C3%B3n+Mu%C3%B1%C3%B3n+Chimalpahin+Quauhtlehuanitzin&rft.pages=144&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780804754545&rft.aulast=Chimalpahin+Quauhtlehuanitzin&rft.aufirst=Don+Domingo+de+San+Ant%C3%B3n+Mu%C3%B1%C3%B3n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGRFcH0HWrJ4C%26dq%3Dyancuic%2520mexico%26pg%3DPA144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nahuatl.wired-humanities.org/content/yancuic-mexico">"Yancuic Mexico"</a>. Online Nahuatl Dictionary. Wired Humanities Projects, University of Oregon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230514224110/https://nahuatl.wired-humanities.org/content/yancuic-mexico">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2023. Retrieved May 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Nahuatl+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Yancuic+Mexico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnahuatl.wired-humanities.org%2Fcontent%2Fyancuic-mexico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeber1992" class="citation book cs1">Weber, David J. (1992). The Spanish Frontier in North America. <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven</a> and London: Yale University Press. p. 79.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spanish+Frontier+in+North+America&rft.place=New+Haven+and+London&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStewart2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_R._Stewart" title="George R. Stewart">Stewart, George</a> (2008) [1945]. Names on the Land: A Historical Account of Place-Naming in the United States. New York: NYRB Classics. pp. 23–24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1590172735" title="Special:BookSources/978-1590172735"><bdi>978-1590172735</bdi></a>. <q>There was Francisco de Ibarra, a great seeker after gold mines. In 1563, he went far to the north ... when he returned south, Ibarra boasted that he had discovered a New Mexico. Doubtless, like others, he stretched the tale, and certainly, the land of which he told was well south of the one now so-called. Yet, men remembered the name Nuevo México, though not at first, as that of the region which Coronado had once conquered.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Names+on+the+Land%3A+A+Historical+Account+of+Place-Naming+in+the+United+States&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E23-%3C%2Fspan%3E24&rft.pub=NYRB+Classics&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1590172735&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSanchez1987" class="citation book cs1">Sanchez, Joseph P. (1987). The Rio Abajo Frontier, 1540–1692: A History of Early Colonial New Mexico. Albuquerque: Museum of Albuquerque History Monograph Series. p. 51.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rio+Abajo+Frontier%2C+1540%E2%80%931692%3A+A+History+of+Early+Colonial+New+Mexico&rft.place=Albuquerque&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Museum+of+Albuquerque+History+Monograph+Series&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Sanchez&rft.aufirst=Joseph+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Rivera, José A., Acequia Culture: Water, Land, and Community in the Southwest, University of New Mexico Press, 1998. </li> <li id="cite_note-Murphy_2000-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Murphy_2000_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murphy_2000_36-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2000" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Dan (2000). New Mexico, the distant land: an illustrated history. photo research by John O. Baxter. Sun Valley, CA: American Historical Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1892724090" title="Special:BookSources/978-1892724090"><bdi>978-1892724090</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Mexico%2C+the+distant+land%3A+an+illustrated+history&rft.place=Sun+Valley%2C+CA&rft.pub=American+Historical+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1892724090&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Dan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/ancient-footprints-in-new-mexico-raise-questions-about-when-humans-inhabited-north-america">"Ancient footprints in New Mexico raise questions about when humans inhabited North America"</a>. PBS NewsHour. April 4, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220725174206/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/ancient-footprints-in-new-mexico-raise-questions-about-when-humans-inhabited-north-america">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2022. Retrieved July 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS+NewsHour&rft.atitle=Ancient+footprints+in+New+Mexico+raise+questions+about+when+humans+inhabited+North+America&rft.date=2022-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fshow%2Fancient-footprints-in-new-mexico-raise-questions-about-when-humans-inhabited-north-america&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simmons_1988-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Simmons_1988_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simmons_1988_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simmons_1988_38-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simmons_1988_38-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simmons_1988_38-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simmons_1988_38-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simmons_1988_38-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simmons_1988_38-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simmons_1988_38-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSimmons1988" class="citation book cs1">Simmons, Marc (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newmexicointerpr00simm">New Mexico: An Interpretive History</a> (New ed.). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0826311108" title="Special:BookSources/978-0826311108"><bdi>978-0826311108</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Mexico%3A+An+Interpretive+History&rft.place=Albuquerque&rft.edition=New&rft.pub=University+of+New+Mexico+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0826311108&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewmexicointerpr00simm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simmons_Last_Conquistador-39"><a href="#cite_ref-Simmons_Last_Conquistador_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSimmons1991" class="citation book cs1">Simmons, Mark (1991). The Last Conquistador: Juan De Oñate and the Settling of the Far Southwest. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0806123684" title="Special:BookSources/978-0806123684"><bdi>978-0806123684</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Conquistador%3A+Juan+De+O%C3%B1ate+and+the+Settling+of+the+Far+Southwest&rft.place=Norman&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0806123684&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-archaeology.org-40"><a href="#cite_ref-archaeology.org_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archaeology.org/issues/249-1703/features/5301-new-mexico-pueblo-revolt">"The First American Revolution - Archaeology Magazine"</a>. www.archaeology.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119005838/https://www.archaeology.org/issues/249-1703/features/5301-new-mexico-pueblo-revolt">Archived</a> from the original on January 19, 2023. Retrieved January 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.archaeology.org&rft.atitle=The+First+American+Revolution+-+Archaeology+Magazine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archaeology.org%2Fissues%2F249-1703%2Ffeatures%2F5301-new-mexico-pueblo-revolt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060327110222/http://www.class.uh.edu/gl/mav1.htm">Resistance and Accommodation in New Mexico</a>. Source: C. W. Hackett, ed., Historical Documents relating to New Mexico, Nueva Vizcaya, and Approaches Thereto, to 1773, vol. III [Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1937] pp. 327–335. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> The Pueblo Revolt of 1680:Conquest and Resistance in Seventeenth-Century New Mexico, By, Andrew L. Knaut, University of Oklahoma Press: Norman, 1995 </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120529004544/http://www.cabq.gov/museum/history/foundingabq.html">"The Founding of Albuquerque – The Albuquerque Museum"</a>. City of Albuquerque. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cabq.gov/museum/history/foundingabq.html">the original</a> on May 29, 2012. Retrieved October 12, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Founding+of+Albuquerque+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3BThe+Albuquerque+Museum&rft.pub=City+of+Albuquerque&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cabq.gov%2Fmuseum%2Fhistory%2Ffoundingabq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simmons_2012-44"><a href="#cite_ref-Simmons_2012_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSimmons2012" class="citation web cs1">Simmons, Marc (May 18, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/local_news/trail-dust-governor-showed-foresight-fortitude-against-comanches/article_b22c435d-6f52-579a-a8dc-d4e587e1f699.html">"Trail Dust: Governor showed foresight, fortitude against Comanches"</a>. Santa Fe New Mexican. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221216192739/https://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/local_news/trail-dust-governor-showed-foresight-fortitude-against-comanches/article_b22c435d-6f52-579a-a8dc-d4e587e1f699.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 16, 2022. Retrieved December 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Santa+Fe+New+Mexican&rft.atitle=Trail+Dust%3A+Governor+showed+foresight%2C+fortitude+against+Comanches&rft.date=2012-05-18&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.santafenewmexican.com%2Fnews%2Flocal_news%2Ftrail-dust-governor-showed-foresight-fortitude-against-comanches%2Farticle_b22c435d-6f52-579a-a8dc-d4e587e1f699.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NMHR_Vol_80_Num_1_Art_4-45"><a href="#cite_ref-NMHR_Vol_80_Num_1_Art_4_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2307&context=nmhr">"The Climax of Conflicts with Native Americans in New Mexico: Spanish and Mexican Antecedents to U.S. Treaty Making during the U.S.-Mexico War, 1846–1848"</a>. New Mexico Historical Review. January 1, 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221004130709/https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2307&context=nmhr">Archived</a> from the original on October 4, 2022. Retrieved November 15, 2022. <q>American policy swiftly sought to reenact Hispano and Nativo peace treaties "Domestic and imperial reforms finally provided peace treaties during the last quarter of the eighteenth century." "Apaches, Navajos, and Comanches to sue for peace in 1775 and 1786. In return for annual gifts, food rations, horses, and supplies, warriors promised to honor these long-sought peace treaties." "Pueblos, the Comanche, Ute, and Navajo nations enlisted in Spanish armies as auxiliaries against defiant Apaches." "Implicit in these treaties were Spanish assurances that the king would protect each tribe from the others" "The Spanish responded by counterattacking in great strength at Canyon de Chelly, a principal Navajo sanctuary, resulting in the chieftains' request for peace. Signed on 12 May 1805 at Jemez Pueblo, the peace treaty featured a Navajo promise that the nation would not claim.the. Cebolleta area" "Navajos seemed to comply with treaty terms, even turning over criminals to the governor."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Mexico+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Climax+of+Conflicts+with+Native+Americans+in+New+Mexico%3A+Spanish+and+Mexican+Antecedents+to+U.S.+Treaty+Making+during+the+U.S.-Mexico+War%2C+1846%E2%80%931848&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalrepository.unm.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D2307%26context%3Dnmhr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46">'<a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/411812/New-Mexico">New Mexico (state)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090930014044/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/411812/New-Mexico">Archived</a> September 30, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Britannica Online Encyclopedia. </li> <li id="cite_note-Lecompte_1985_p.-47"><a href="#cite_ref-Lecompte_1985_p._47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLecompte1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lecompte, Janet (1985). Rebellion in Río Arriba, 1837 (in German). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8263-0800-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8263-0800-7"><bdi>0-8263-0800-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11549193">11549193</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rebellion+in+R%C3%ADo+Arriba%2C+1837&rft.place=Albuquerque&rft.pub=University+of+New+Mexico+Press&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F11549193&rft.isbn=0-8263-0800-7&rft.aulast=Lecompte&rft.aufirst=Janet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crutchfield_1995_p.-48"><a href="#cite_ref-Crutchfield_1995_p._48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrutchfield1995" class="citation book cs1">Crutchfield, James A. (1995). Tragedy at Taos: the revolt of 1847. Plano, Tex.: Republic of Texas Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55622-385-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-55622-385-4"><bdi>1-55622-385-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/31865232">31865232</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tragedy+at+Taos%3A+the+revolt+of+1847&rft.place=Plano%2C+Tex.&rft.pub=Republic+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F31865232&rft.isbn=1-55622-385-4&rft.aulast=Crutchfield&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCAI-49"><a href="#cite_ref-NCAI_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221212102932/https://www.ncai.org/resources/resolutions/support-for-the-pueblos-of-new-mexico-honoring-celebration-of-150-years-of-the-lincoln-canes">"Resolution"</a>. NCAI. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncai.org/resources/resolutions/support-for-the-pueblos-of-new-mexico-honoring-celebration-of-150-years-of-the-lincoln-canes">the original</a> on December 12, 2022. Retrieved December 12, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NCAI&rft.atitle=Resolution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncai.org%2Fresources%2Fresolutions%2Fsupport-for-the-pueblos-of-new-mexico-honoring-celebration-of-150-years-of-the-lincoln-canes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mexican_2022-50"><a href="#cite_ref-Mexican_2022_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMexican2022" class="citation web cs1">Mexican, Uriel J. GarciaThe New (November 15, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/local_news/award-winning-film-documents-tribe-s-treasured-lincoln-canes/article_32d38544-05e8-540c-916b-0575dc6ac00a.html">"Award-winning film documents tribe's treasured Lincoln canes"</a>. Santa Fe New Mexican. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221212102932/https://www.santafenewmexican.com/news/local_news/award-winning-film-documents-tribe-s-treasured-lincoln-canes/article_32d38544-05e8-540c-916b-0575dc6ac00a.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2022. Retrieved December 12, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Santa+Fe+New+Mexican&rft.atitle=Award-winning+film+documents+tribe%27s+treasured+Lincoln+canes&rft.date=2022-11-15&rft.aulast=Mexican&rft.aufirst=Uriel+J.+GarciaThe+New&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.santafenewmexican.com%2Fnews%2Flocal_news%2Faward-winning-film-documents-tribe-s-treasured-lincoln-canes%2Farticle_32d38544-05e8-540c-916b-0575dc6ac00a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/maps/lapurchase/essay1e_lg.html">"Boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase as Recognized Today"</a>. Louisiana: European Explorations and the Louisiana Purchase. Library of Congress. December 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080706105401/http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/maps/lapurchase/essay1e_lg.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2008. Retrieved December 6, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Louisiana%3A+European+Explorations+and+the+Louisiana+Purchase&rft.atitle=Boundaries+of+the+Louisiana+Purchase+as+Recognized+Today&rft.date=2001-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmemory.loc.gov%2Fammem%2Fcollections%2Fmaps%2Flapurchase%2Fessay1e_lg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120617052546/http://www.civilwardata.com/dbstatus.html">"American Civil War Research Database statistics"</a>. Civilwardata.com. March 4, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civilwardata.com/dbstatus.html">the original</a> on June 17, 2012. Retrieved June 10, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Civil+War+Research+Database+statistics&rft.pub=Civilwardata.com&rft.date=2012-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.civilwardata.com%2Fdbstatus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-online.nmartmuseum.org-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-online.nmartmuseum.org_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-online.nmartmuseum.org_53-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://online.nmartmuseum.org/nmhistory/people-places-and-politics/statehood/history-statehood.html">"New Mexico Tells New Mexico History | History: Statehood"</a>. online.nmartmuseum.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221207091652/https://online.nmartmuseum.org/nmhistory/people-places-and-politics/statehood/history-statehood.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2022. Retrieved January 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=online.nmartmuseum.org&rft.atitle=New+Mexico+Tells+New+Mexico+History+%7C+History%3A+Statehood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonline.nmartmuseum.org%2Fnmhistory%2Fpeople-places-and-politics%2Fstatehood%2Fhistory-statehood.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Montgomery-54"><a href="#cite_ref-Montgomery_54-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27502746?seq=2#page_scan_tab_contents">Charles Montgomery, "Becoming 'Spanish-American': Race and Rhetoric in New Mexico Politics, 1880–1928"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161107003618/http://www.jstor.org/stable/27502746?seq=2#page_scan_tab_contents">Archived</a> November 7, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Journal of American Ethnic History Vol. 20, No. 4 (Summer, 2001), pp. 59–84 (published by University of Illinois Press for Immigration and Ethnic History Society), </li> <li id="cite_note-Van_Holtby_2012_p.-55"><a href="#cite_ref-Van_Holtby_2012_p._55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVan_Holtby2012" class="citation book cs1">Van Holtby, D. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U4q7f6wSqlEC">Forty-Seventh Star: New Mexico's Struggle for Statehood</a>. University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0806187860" title="Special:BookSources/978-0806187860"><bdi>978-0806187860</bdi></a>. Retrieved April 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forty-Seventh+Star%3A+New+Mexico%27s+Struggle+for+Statehood&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0806187860&rft.aulast=Van+Holtby&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU4q7f6wSqlEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-de_Aragón_2020_p.-56"><a href="#cite_ref-de_Aragón_2020_p._56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFde_Aragón2020" class="citation book cs1">de Aragón, R.J. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gsHDDwAAQBAJ">New Mexico's Stolen Lands: A History of Racism, Fraud & Deceit</a>. History Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1467144032" title="Special:BookSources/978-1467144032"><bdi>978-1467144032</bdi></a>. Retrieved April 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Mexico%27s+Stolen+Lands%3A+A+History+of+Racism%2C+Fraud+%26+Deceit&rft.pub=History+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1467144032&rft.aulast=de+Arag%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=R.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgsHDDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cain_2019-57"><a href="#cite_ref-Cain_2019_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCain2019" class="citation web cs1">Cain, Stephanie (May 10, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ben-hur.com/lew-wallace-in-mexico/">"Lew Wallace in Mexico"</a>. General Lew Wallace Study & Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221209114856/https://www.ben-hur.com/lew-wallace-in-mexico/">Archived</a> from the original on December 9, 2022. Retrieved December 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=General+Lew+Wallace+Study+%26+Museum&rft.atitle=Lew+Wallace+in+Mexico&rft.date=2019-05-10&rft.aulast=Cain&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ben-hur.com%2Flew-wallace-in-mexico%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://online.nmartmuseum.org/nmhistory/people-places-and-politics/statehood/history-statehood.html">"New Mexico Art Tells New Mexico History | History: Statehood"</a>. online.nmartmuseum.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201212151035/http://online.nmartmuseum.org/nmhistory/people-places-and-politics/statehood/history-statehood.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2020. Retrieved July 30, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=online.nmartmuseum.org&rft.atitle=New+Mexico+Art+Tells+New+Mexico+History+%7C+History%3A+Statehood&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.nmartmuseum.org%2Fnmhistory%2Fpeople-places-and-politics%2Fstatehood%2Fhistory-statehood.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nmhistorymuseum.org/exhibition/details/3928/the-first-world-war">"Details"</a>. www.nmhistorymuseum.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230523041506/https://www.nmhistorymuseum.org/exhibition/details/3928/the-first-world-war">Archived</a> from the original on May 23, 2023. Retrieved May 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nmhistorymuseum.org&rft.atitle=Details&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nmhistorymuseum.org%2Fexhibition%2Fdetails%2F3928%2Fthe-first-world-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oropeza_2019_pp._162–189-60"><a href="#cite_ref-Oropeza_2019_pp._162–189_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOropeza2019" class="citation book cs1">Oropeza, Lorena (September 9, 2019). "The Indo-Hispano". The King of Adobe. 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Retrieved August 7, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=US+News&rft.atitle=New+Mexico%27s+Exodus+Problem&rft.date=2017-08-07&rft.aulast=Galvin&rft.aufirst=Gaby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Fbest-states%2Farticles%2F2017-08-07%2Fwhy-new-mexicans-are-fleeing-the-state&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcKay2021" class="citation news cs1">McKay, Dan (May 3, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abqjournal.com/2386611/census-count-finds-more-nm-residents-than-expected.html">"NM 2020 census count higher than expected"</a>. 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Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 62.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+loyalties%3A+a+source+book+on+the+official+English+controversy&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cobarrubia-174">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cobarrubia_174-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cobarrubia_174-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCobarrubiasFishman1983" class="citation book cs1">Cobarrubias, Juan; Fishman, Joshua A (1983). Progress in Language Planning: International Perspectives. Walter de Gruyter. p. 195.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Progress+in+Language+Planning%3A+International+Perspectives&rft.pages=195&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Cobarrubias&rft.aufirst=Juan&rft.au=Fishman%2C+Joshua+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPerea" class="citation book cs1">Perea, Juan F. Los Olvidados: On the Making of Invisible People. New York University Law Review, 70(4), 965–990.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Los+Olvidados%3A+On+the+Making+of+Invisible+People&rft.pub=New+York+University+Law+Review%2C+70%284%29%2C+965%E2%80%93990&rft.aulast=Perea&rft.aufirst=Juan+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-const-176">^ <a href="#cite_ref-const_176-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-const_176-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-const_176-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sos.state.nm.us/uploads/FileLinks/493231b9f2fc45808a19dbb2c0cf6bec/NMConst2010Eng.pdf">Constitution of the State of New Mexico.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140102182933/http://www.sos.state.nm.us/uploads/FileLinks/493231b9f2fc45808a19dbb2c0cf6bec/NMConst2010Eng.pdf">Archived</a> January 2, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Adopted January 21, 1911. </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> New Mexico Code 1-16-7 (1981). </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> New Mexico Code 14-11-13 (2011). </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2006" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Calvin A. (2006). Our New Mexico: A Twentieth Century History. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. p. 23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+New+Mexico%3A+A+Twentieth+Century+History&rft.place=Albuquerque&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=University+of+New+Mexico+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Calvin+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nmonesource.com/nmos/c/en/item/5916/index.do#!fragment/zoupio-_Toc77676517/BQCwhgziBcwMYgK4DsDWszIQewE4BUBTADwBdoAvbRABwEtsBaAfX2zgHYOA2HgVgCMHAJQAaZNlKEIARUSFcAT2gByFaIiEwuBHIXKANpgDmiMMcIatOkAGU8pAELKASgFEAMm4BqAQQByAMJuoqRgAEbQmtoIwsJAA">"Constitution of New Mexico"</a>. nmonesource.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210723232137/https://nmonesource.com/nmos/c/en/item/5916/index.do#!fragment/zoupio-_Toc77676517/BQCwhgziBcwMYgK4DsDWszIQewE4BUBTADwBdoAvbRABwEtsBaAfX2zgHYOA2HgVgCMHAJQAaZNlKEIARUSFcAT2gByFaIiEwuBHIXKANpgDmiMMcIatOkAGU8pAELKASgFEAMm4BqAQQByAMJuoqRgAEbQmtoIwsJAA">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nmonesource.com&rft.atitle=Constitution+of+New+Mexico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnmonesource.com%2Fnmos%2Fc%2Fen%2Fitem%2F5916%2Findex.do%23%21fragment%2Fzoupio-_Toc77676517%2FBQCwhgziBcwMYgK4DsDWszIQewE4BUBTADwBdoAvbRABwEtsBaAfX2zgHYOA2HgVgCMHAJQAaZNlKEIARUSFcAT2gByFaIiEwuBHIXKANpgDmiMMcIatOkAGU8pAELKASgFEAMm4BqAQQByAMJuoqRgAEbQmtoIwsJAA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JosephJE-181"><a href="#cite_ref-JosephJE_181-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJoseph2006" class="citation book cs1">Joseph, John Earl (2006). Language and Politics. Edinburgh University Press. p. 63.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+and+Politics&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=John+Earl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blue_Book_State_Symbols-182"><a href="#cite_ref-Blue_Book_State_Symbols_182-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081129051906/http://www.sos.state.nm.us//sos-bluebook.html">"State Symbols"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sos.state.nm.us/sos-bluebook.html">New Mexico Blue Book 2007–2008</a>. New Mexico Secretary of State. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sos.state.nm.us/BlueBook2008/StateSymbols.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on November 29, 2008. Retrieved January 3, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=State+Symbols&rft.btitle=New+Mexico+Blue+Book+2007%E2%80%932008&rft.pub=New+Mexico+Secretary+of+State&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sos.state.nm.us%2FBlueBook2008%2FStateSymbols.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna25943277">"New Mexico first state to adopt Navajo textbook"</a>. NBC news. July 31, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226135831/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna25943277">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+news&rft.atitle=New+Mexico+first+state+to+adopt+Navajo+textbook&rft.date=2008-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna25943277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStaff2023" class="citation web cs1">Staff (February 24, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170404161714/https://ava.prri.org/#religious/2022/States/religion/m/US-NM">"American Values Atlas: Religious Tradition in New Mexico"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Public_Religion_Research_Institute" title="Public Religion Research Institute">Public Religion Research Institute</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ava.prri.org/#religious/2022/States/religion/m/US-NM">the original</a> on April 4, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+Religion+Research+Institute&rft.atitle=American+Values+Atlas%3A+Religious+Tradition+in+New+Mexico&rft.date=2023-02-24&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fava.prri.org%2F%23religious%2F2022%2FStates%2Freligion%2Fm%2FUS-NM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-www.thearda.com-185"><a href="#cite_ref-www.thearda.com_185-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001423/http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/35/rcms2010_35_state_adh_2010.asp">"The Association of Religion Data Archives | State Membership Report"</a>. www.thearda.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/35/rcms2010_35_state_adh_2010.asp">the original</a> on December 3, 2013. Retrieved November 27, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Association+of+Religion+Data+Archives+%26%23124%3B+State+Membership+Report&rft.pub=www.thearda.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thearda.com%2Frcms2010%2Fr%2Fs%2F35%2Frcms2010_35_state_adh_2010.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170404161714/https://ava.prri.org/#religious/2020/States/religion/m/US-NM">"2020 PRRI Religious Map"</a>. ava.prri.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ava.prri.org/#religious/2020/States/religion/m/US-NM">the original</a> on April 4, 2017. Retrieved September 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ava.prri.org&rft.atitle=2020+PRRI+Religious+Map&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fava.prri.org%2F%23religious%2F2020%2FStates%2Freligion%2Fm%2FUS-NM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-187">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_187-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_187-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170404161714/https://ava.prri.org/#religious/2022/States/religion/m/US-NM">"2022 PRRI Religious Map"</a>. ava.prri.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ava.prri.org/#religious/2022/States/religion/m/US-NM">the original</a> on April 4, 2017. Retrieved April 15, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ava.prri.org&rft.atitle=2022+PRRI+Religious+Map&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fava.prri.org%2F%23religious%2F2022%2FStates%2Freligion%2Fm%2FUS-NM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archdiosf.org/">"ARCHDIOSF.ORG"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100116124222/http://www.archdiosf.org/">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2010. Retrieved April 11, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ARCHDIOSF.ORG&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archdiosf.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> There is one <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Catholic">Eastern Catholic</a> parish in the state, which is under the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Catholic_Eparchy_of_Phoenix" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Catholic Eparchy of Phoenix">Byzantine Catholic Eparchy of Phoenix</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frommers.com/destinations/new-mexico/in-depth/religion">"Religion in New Mexico"</a>. Frommer's. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210725022448/https://www.frommers.com/destinations/new-mexico/in-depth/religion">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2021. Retrieved July 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frommer%27s&rft.atitle=Religion+in+New+Mexico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.frommers.com%2Fdestinations%2Fnew-mexico%2Fin-depth%2Freligion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Billy_Graham_Evangelistic_Association_2021-190"><a href="#cite_ref-Billy_Graham_Evangelistic_Association_2021_190-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://billygraham.org/gallery/new-mexico-believers-pray-for-family-and-friends-to-be-saved/">"New Mexico Believers Pray for Family and Friends to Be Saved"</a>. Billy Graham Evangelistic Association. August 22, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221226161645/https://billygraham.org/gallery/new-mexico-believers-pray-for-family-and-friends-to-be-saved/">Archived</a> from the original on December 26, 2022. Retrieved December 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Billy+Graham+Evangelistic+Association&rft.atitle=New+Mexico+Believers+Pray+for+Family+and+Friends+to+Be+Saved&rft.date=2021-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbillygraham.org%2Fgallery%2Fnew-mexico-believers-pray-for-family-and-friends-to-be-saved%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poling_2007_p._146-191"><a href="#cite_ref-Poling_2007_p._146_191-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPoling2007" class="citation book cs1">Poling, D. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A-_RZxOuJlYC&pg=PA146">Why Billy Graham?</a>. Sunstone Press. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86534-615-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86534-615-4"><bdi>978-0-86534-615-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221226161642/https://books.google.com/books?id=A-_RZxOuJlYC&pg=PA146">Archived</a> from the original on December 26, 2022. Retrieved December 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+Billy+Graham%3F&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Sunstone+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-86534-615-4&rft.aulast=Poling&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA-_RZxOuJlYC%26pg%3DPA146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chief_2021-192"><a href="#cite_ref-Chief_2021_192-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChief2021" class="citation news cs1">Chief, Dan Boyd / Journal Capitol Bureau (April 23, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abqjournal.com/2383338/new-mexico-removes-capacity-limits-on-churches.html">"New Mexico removes mandatory capacity limits on churches"</a>. Albuquerque Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221226161646/https://www.abqjournal.com/2383338/new-mexico-removes-capacity-limits-on-churches.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 26, 2022. Retrieved December 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Albuquerque+Journal&rft.atitle=New+Mexico+removes+mandatory+capacity+limits+on+churches&rft.date=2021-04-23&rft.aulast=Chief&rft.aufirst=Dan+Boyd+%2F+Journal+Capitol+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abqjournal.com%2F2383338%2Fnew-mexico-removes-capacity-limits-on-churches.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frommer's-2023-193">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Frommer's-2023_193-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frommer's-2023_193-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frommers.com/destinations/new-mexico/in-depth/religion">"Religion in New Mexico"</a>. Frommer's. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210725022448/https://www.frommers.com/destinations/new-mexico/in-depth/religion">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2021. Retrieved July 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frommer%27s&rft.atitle=Religion+in+New+Mexico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.frommers.com%2Fdestinations%2Fnew-mexico%2Fin-depth%2Freligion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shukman-2006-194">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shukman-2006_194-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shukman-2006_194-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shukman-2006_194-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShukman2006" class="citation web cs1">Shukman, Henry (March 19, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2006/mar/19/unitedstates.culturaltrips.restandrelaxation">"New age New Mexico"</a>. The Guardian. 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November 29, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221222092614/https://open.uapress.arizona.edu/read/beb594e2-3dce-4317-a889-8103bc102734/section/b4e54f1a-171a-4478-85ba-ba6d525ee477">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2022. Retrieved December 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Arizona+Press&rft.atitle=University+of+Arizona+Press&rft.date=2018-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopen.uapress.arizona.edu%2Fread%2Fbeb594e2-3dce-4317-a889-8103bc102734%2Fsection%2Fb4e54f1a-171a-4478-85ba-ba6d525ee477&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hendrickson_2017_p._20-204"><a href="#cite_ref-Hendrickson_2017_p._20_204-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHendrickson2017" class="citation book cs1">Hendrickson, B. 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Ancient City Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-941270-84-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-941270-84-7"><bdi>978-0-941270-84-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230101163854/https://books.google.com/books?id=q8rYAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on January 1, 2023. 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July 2, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221006204900/https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Hanna">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2022. Retrieved January 1, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=American+animator&rft.date=2010-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FWilliam-Hanna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chuck_Jones_2012-246"><a href="#cite_ref-Chuck_Jones_2012_246-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chuckjones.com/blog/chuck-jones-new-mexico-celebrate-their-centennial-in-2012/">"Chuck Jones + New Mexico Celebrate Their Centennial in 2012 – Chuck Jones"</a>. Chuck Jones. 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June 24, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210808033951/https://www.krwg.org/post/nbcuniversal-officially-opens-its-new-mexico-production-facility">Archived</a> from the original on August 8, 2021. 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Retrieved January 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+of+Albuquerque&rft.atitle=Albuquerque+Ranked+No.+2+Best+Large+City+for+Film+in+2024+by+MovieMaker+Magazine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cabq.gov%2Ffilm%2Fnews%2Falbuquerque-ranked-no-2-best-large-city-for-film-in-2024-by-moviemaker-magazine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Padilla_NM_2021-253"><a href="#cite_ref-Padilla_NM_2021_253-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPadilla2021" class="citation web cs1">Padilla, Anna (August 20, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.krqe.com/news/community/local-events-notices/whats-happening-around-new-mexico-august-20-august-26/">"What's happening around New Mexico August 20 – August 26"</a>. 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September 12, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221229074638/https://www.musicconnection.com/new-recording-studio-in-mountains-of-new-mexico/">Archived</a> from the original on December 29, 2022. 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Clevedon: Channel View Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-873150-94-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-873150-94-6"><bdi>1-873150-94-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60591609">60591609</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+and+tourism%3A+on+the+road+again&rft.place=Clevedon&rft.pub=Channel+View+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60591609&rft.isbn=1-873150-94-6&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.au=Connell%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hunter_American_Association_of_Colleges_for_Teacher_Education_1974_p.-259"><a href="#cite_ref-Hunter_American_Association_of_Colleges_for_Teacher_Education_1974_p._259-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHunterAmerican_Association_of_Colleges_for_Teacher_Education1974" class="citation book cs1">Hunter, William Andrew; American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education (1974). Multicultural education through competency-based teacher education. 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Retrieved December 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Albuquerque+Journal&rft.atitle=Enchanted+excellence%3A+Los+15+Grandes+showcases+the+best+of+New+Mexico+music&rft.date=2017-11-17&rft.aulast=Arts&rft.aufirst=Adrian+Gomez+%2F+Journal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abqjournal.com%2F1093437%2Flos-15-grandes-showcases-the-best-of-new-mexico-music.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Los_15_Grandes_De_Nuevo_Mexico_2017-261"><a href="#cite_ref-Los_15_Grandes_De_Nuevo_Mexico_2017_261-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://15grandes.com/los-15-grandes-2019/past-winners/">"Past Winners"</a>. Los 15 Grandes De Nuevo Mexico. 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Retrieved December 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Albuquerque+Journal&rft.atitle=Hurricane+Fest+features+legendary+musician%27s+son%2C+War%2C+Tower+of+Power&rft.date=2019-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abqjournal.com%2F1309741%2Fhurricane-fest-features-legendary-musicians-son-war-tower-of-power.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-StackPath-263"><a href="#cite_ref-StackPath_263-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/test-measurement/article/21209034/will-the-rio-grande-tech-corridor-become-the-silicon-valley-of-new-mexico">"StackPath"</a>. StackPath. 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Retrieved January 1, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=StackPath&rft.atitle=StackPath&rft.date=2018-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.electronicdesign.com%2Ftechnologies%2Ftest-measurement%2Farticle%2F21209034%2Fwill-the-rio-grande-tech-corridor-become-the-silicon-valley-of-new-mexico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cao_2020-264"><a href="#cite_ref-Cao_2020_264-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCao2020" class="citation web cs1">Cao, Sissi (December 15, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observer.com/2020/12/elon-musk-tech-leaving-silicon-valley-for-texas-billionaires/">"Why Elon Musk And Other Tech Billionaires Are Leaving Silicon Valley For Texas"</a>. Observer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230101163855/https://observer.com/2020/12/elon-musk-tech-leaving-silicon-valley-for-texas-billionaires/">Archived</a> from the original on January 1, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Observer&rft.atitle=Why+Elon+Musk+And+Other+Tech+Billionaires+Are+Leaving+Silicon+Valley+For+Texas&rft.date=2020-12-15&rft.aulast=Cao&rft.aufirst=Sissi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobserver.com%2F2020%2F12%2Felon-musk-tech-leaving-silicon-valley-for-texas-billionaires%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Muska_2015-265"><a href="#cite_ref-Muska_2015_265-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMuska2015" class="citation web cs1">Muska, D. Dowd (May 18, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lcsun-news.com/story/opinion/columnists/2015/05/18/d-dowd-muska-internet-regulation-and-nm-technology/32307223/">"Las Cruces Sun-News"</a>. PNM2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230101163854/https://www.lcsun-news.com/story/opinion/columnists/2015/05/18/d-dowd-muska-internet-regulation-and-nm-technology/32307223/">Archived</a> from the original on January 1, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PNM2&rft.atitle=Las+Cruces+Sun-News&rft.date=2015-05-18&rft.aulast=Muska&rft.aufirst=D.+Dowd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lcsun-news.com%2Fstory%2Fopinion%2Fcolumnists%2F2015%2F05%2F18%2Fd-dowd-muska-internet-regulation-and-nm-technology%2F32307223%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martin_2021-266"><a href="#cite_ref-Martin_2021_266-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartin2021" class="citation web cs1">Martin, Dylan (May 3, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crn.com/news/components-peripherals/intel-s-3-5b-new-mexico-campus-upgrade-to-boost-next-gen-chips">"Intel's $3.5B New Mexico Campus Upgrade To Boost Next-Gen Chips"</a>. CRN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230101163854/https://www.crn.com/news/components-peripherals/intel-s-3-5b-new-mexico-campus-upgrade-to-boost-next-gen-chips">Archived</a> from the original on January 1, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CRN&rft.atitle=Intel%27s+%243.5B+New+Mexico+Campus+Upgrade+To+Boost+Next-Gen+Chips&rft.date=2021-05-03&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Dylan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crn.com%2Fnews%2Fcomponents-peripherals%2Fintel-s-3-5b-new-mexico-campus-upgrade-to-boost-next-gen-chips&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Albuquerque_Journal_2022-267"><a href="#cite_ref-Albuquerque_Journal_2022_267-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abqjournal.com/2556529/winners-of-the-2022-naiop-new-mexico-awards-of-excellence.html">"Winners of the 2022 NAIOP New Mexico Awards of Excellence"</a>. Albuquerque Journal. 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Retrieved January 1, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Albuquerque+Journal&rft.atitle=Winners+of+the+2022+NAIOP+New+Mexico+Awards+of+Excellence&rft.date=2022-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abqjournal.com%2F2556529%2Fwinners-of-the-2022-naiop-new-mexico-awards-of-excellence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herron_Herron_2021-268"><a href="#cite_ref-Herron_Herron_2021_268-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerron2021" class="citation web cs1">Herron, Gary (July 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rrobserver.com/new-park-has-many-possibilities/">"New park has many possibilities"</a>. Rio Rancho Observer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230101163850/https://rrobserver.com/new-park-has-many-possibilities/">Archived</a> from the original on January 1, 2023. 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Retrieved January 1, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LabNews&rft.atitle=Could+quantum+technology+be+New+Mexico%27s+next+economic+boon%3F&rft.date=2022-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandia.gov%2Flabnews%2F2022%2F04%2F08%2Fcould-quantum-technology-be-new-mexicos-next-economic-boon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NM_Art-2021-276">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NM_Art-2021_276-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NM_Art-2021_276-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://online.nmartmuseum.org/nmhistory/growing-new-mexico/astronomy-and-space/history-astronomy-and-space.html">"New Mexico Tells New Mexico History | History: Astronomy and Space"</a>. online.nmartmuseum.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230116211730/https://online.nmartmuseum.org/nmhistory/growing-new-mexico/astronomy-and-space/history-astronomy-and-space.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2023. 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August 24, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230101163849/https://assets.ctfassets.net/3nanhbfkr0pc/6L5409bpVlnVyu2H5FOFnc/7595c4909616df92372a1d31be609625/State_of_the_Space_Industrial_Base_2022_Report.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 1, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Defense+Innovation+Unit&rft.atitle=State+of+the+Space+Industrial+Base+2022&rft.date=2022-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.ctfassets.net%2F3nanhbfkr0pc%2F6L5409bpVlnVyu2H5FOFnc%2F7595c4909616df92372a1d31be609625%2FState_of_the_Space_Industrial_Base_2022_Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJames2022" class="citation news cs1">James, Rod (November 22, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-mexico-pledges-100-million-to-back-first-vehicle-of-americas-frontier-fund-11669160566">"New Mexico Pledges $100 Million to Back First Vehicle of America's Frontier Fund"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230109214528/https://www.wsj.com/articles/new-mexico-pledges-100-million-to-back-first-vehicle-of-americas-frontier-fund-11669160566">Archived</a> from the original on January 9, 2023. Retrieved January 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=New+Mexico+Pledges+%24100+Million+to+Back+First+Vehicle+of+America%27s+Frontier+Fund&rft.date=2022-11-22&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Rod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fnew-mexico-pledges-100-million-to-back-first-vehicle-of-americas-frontier-fund-11669160566&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.krqe.com/news/new-mexico/new-mexico-agriculture-industry-makes-comeback-after-hardships/">"New Mexico agriculture industry makes comeback after hardships"</a>. 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Retrieved January 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.usda.gov&rft.atitle=A+Rare+Glimpse+at+Traditional+Crops+Grown+in+New+Mexico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usda.gov%2Fmedia%2Fblog%2F2019%2F12%2F05%2Frare-glimpse-traditional-crops-grown-new-mexico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Albuquerque_Journal_2023-282"><a href="#cite_ref-Albuquerque_Journal_2023_282-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abqjournal.com/2576846/growing-green-new-mexico-pistachio-industry-grows-albeit-slower-than-2.html">"Growing green: New Mexico pistachio industry grows, albeit slower than Arizona's"</a>. Albuquerque Journal. 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Retrieved March 13, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Albuquerque+Journal&rft.atitle=Growing+green%3A+New+Mexico+pistachio+industry+grows%2C+albeit+slower+than+Arizona%27s&rft.date=2023-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abqjournal.com%2F2576846%2Fgrowing-green-new-mexico-pistachio-industry-grows-albeit-slower-than-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USDA-283"><a href="#cite_ref-USDA_283-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/New_Mexico/">"National Agricultural Statistics Service – New Mexico"</a>. 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Eater. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230303000704/https://www.eater.com/22812750/picking-selling-business-pinon-nuts-harvest-new-mexico-navajo-nation">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2023. Retrieved March 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eater&rft.atitle=How+Picking+Pi%C3%B1on+Nuts+in+New+Mexico+Became+Big+Business&rft.date=2021-12-06&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eater.com%2F22812750%2Fpicking-selling-business-pinon-nuts-harvest-new-mexico-navajo-nation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP_NEWS_2022-285"><a href="#cite_ref-AP_NEWS_2022_285-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMontoya_Bryan2022" class="citation web cs1">Montoya Bryan, Susan (April 26, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/environment-new-mexico-forests-lifestyle-7da0b5fa8d910a2d6f2ce79a59c337a4">"Protections sought for Western bird linked to piñon forests"</a>. 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Retrieved March 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+NEWS&rft.atitle=Protections+sought+for+Western+bird+linked+to+pi%C3%B1on+forests&rft.date=2022-04-26&rft.aulast=Montoya+Bryan&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fenvironment-new-mexico-forests-lifestyle-7da0b5fa8d910a2d6f2ce79a59c337a4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lazell_Payne_2007_p._105-286"><a href="#cite_ref-Lazell_Payne_2007_p._105_286-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLazellPayne2007" class="citation book cs1">Lazell, C.; Payne, M. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=67xSRtoEed0C&pg=PA105">Historic Albuquerque: An Illustrated History</a>. Historical Pub. Network. p. 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-893619-75-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-893619-75-3"><bdi>978-1-893619-75-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230302235203/https://books.google.com/books?id=67xSRtoEed0C&pg=PA105">Archived</a> from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved March 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historic+Albuquerque%3A+An+Illustrated+History&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=Historical+Pub.+Network&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-893619-75-3&rft.aulast=Lazell&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Payne%2C+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D67xSRtoEed0C%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Food_Processing_Technology_2004-287"><a href="#cite_ref-Food_Processing_Technology_2004_287-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foodprocessing-technology.com/projects/southwest_cheese">"Southwest Cheese Production Facility, Clovis, New Mexico"</a>. Food Processing Technology. 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KOAT. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230302235203/https://www.koat.com/article/allsups-chimichanga-gets-shout-out-as-one-of-the-best-gas-station-snacks/36650580">Archived</a> from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved March 2, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KOAT&rft.atitle=Allsup%27s+Chimichanga+gets+shout+out+as+one+of+the+best+gas-station+snacks&rft.date=2021-06-24&rft.aulast=Krajewski&rft.aufirst=Maggie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.koat.com%2Farticle%2Fallsups-chimichanga-gets-shout-out-as-one-of-the-best-gas-station-snacks%2F36650580&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.albuqhistsoc.org/programs/ahs-2016-2017-programs/chasing-cure-new-mexico-tuberculosis-quest-health/">"Chasing the Cure in New Mexico: Tuberculosis and the Quest for Health"</a>. 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Retrieved January 3, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Albuquerque+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=Chasing+the+Cure+in+New+Mexico%3A+Tuberculosis+and+the+Quest+for+Health&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.albuqhistsoc.org%2Fprograms%2Fahs-2016-2017-programs%2Fchasing-cure-new-mexico-tuberculosis-quest-health%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGomez2024" class="citation web cs1">Gomez, Adrian (January 24, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abqjournal.com/lifestyle/now-were-cooking-james-beard-awards-names-10-new-mexico-based-chefs-restaurants-as-semifinalists/article_08324862-bacf-11ee-a85a-9fb2d41a4b0a.html">"Now we're cooking: James Beard Awards names 10 New Mexico-based chefs, restaurants as semifinalists"</a>. Albuquerque Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240125222753/https://www.abqjournal.com/lifestyle/now-were-cooking-james-beard-awards-names-10-new-mexico-based-chefs-restaurants-as-semifinalists/article_08324862-bacf-11ee-a85a-9fb2d41a4b0a.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2024. Retrieved January 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Albuquerque+Journal&rft.atitle=Now+we%27re+cooking%3A+James+Beard+Awards+names+10+New+Mexico-based+chefs%2C+restaurants+as+semifinalists&rft.date=2024-01-24&rft.aulast=Gomez&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abqjournal.com%2Flifestyle%2Fnow-were-cooking-james-beard-awards-names-10-new-mexico-based-chefs-restaurants-as-semifinalists%2Farticle_08324862-bacf-11ee-a85a-9fb2d41a4b0a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newmexicomagazine.org/">"New Mexico Magazine"</a>. www.newmexicomagazine.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220106174021/https://www.newmexicomagazine.org/">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.newmexicomagazine.org&rft.atitle=New+Mexico+Magazine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newmexicomagazine.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rockinst.org/issue-areas/fiscal-analysis/balance-of-payments-portal/,%20https://rockinst.org/issue-areas/fiscal-analysis/balance-of-payments-portal/">"Balance of Payments Portal – Rockefeller Institute of Government"</a>. 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State of New Mexico Economic Development Department. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edd.state.nm.us/businessAssistance/incentives/index.html">the original</a> on April 6, 2008. 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McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-7332-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-7332-8"><bdi>978-0-7864-7332-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221215042028/https://books.google.com/books?id=m7mRB5UXx-YC&pg=PA83">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2022. 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Retrieved January 3, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cawp.rutgers.edu&rft.atitle=Women+in+State+Legislatures+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcawp.rutgers.edu%2Ffacts%2Flevels-office%2Fstate-legislature%2Fwomen-state-legislatures-2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-392"><a href="#cite_ref-392">^</a> New Mexico Statutes § 3-1-3 </li> <li id="cite_note-393"><a href="#cite_ref-393">^</a> New Mexico Statutes § 3-8-29C </li> <li id="cite_note-394"><a href="#cite_ref-394">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/state-and-federal-info/state-by-state">"State by State"</a>. 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University of New Mexico Press. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-1110-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-1110-8"><bdi>978-0-8263-1110-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Mexico%3A+An+Interpretive+History&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=University+of+New+Mexico+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-8263-1110-8&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-439"><a href="#cite_ref-439">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=12512979">"Is New Mexico a State? Some Americans Don't Know"</a>. 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MSN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221129035422/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/apache-historian-questions-official-narratives-how-is-it-possible-that-120-soldiers-cut-off-the-feet-of-8-000-of-our-brave-indigenous-people/ar-AA14za1f">Archived</a> from the original on November 29, 2022. 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Southwest Contemporary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230111215037/https://southwestcontemporary.com/santa-fe-style/">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2023. 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Common Ground Research Networks: 157–176. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18848%2F1833-1882%2Fcgp%2Fv06i10%2F52173">10.18848/1833-1882/cgp/v06i10/52173</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1833-1882">1833-1882</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230425053024/https://arcc-journal.org/index.php/repository/article/view/372">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2023. 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New Mexico Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230111215036/https://www.newmexicomagazine.org/blog/post/adobe-architectural-highlights-of-new-mexico/">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2023. Retrieved January 11, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Mexico+Magazine&rft.atitle=In+Mud+We+Trust&rft.date=2021-03-24&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newmexicomagazine.org%2Fblog%2Fpost%2Fadobe-architectural-highlights-of-new-mexico%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Secord_2012-446"><a href="#cite_ref-Secord_2012_446-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSecord2012" class="citation book cs1">Secord, P.R. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P6jjbfYeWbgC">Albuquerque Deco and Pueblo</a>. Images of America. Arcadia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-9526-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7385-9526-9"><bdi>978-0-7385-9526-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321174446/https://books.google.com/books?id=P6jjbfYeWbgC">Archived</a> from the original on March 21, 2023. 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Monacelli Press. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58093-561-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58093-561-6"><bdi>978-1-58093-561-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321174445/https://books.google.com/books?id=BDg4EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA34">Archived</a> from the original on March 21, 2023. 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Retrieved May 15, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Madrid+Art&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitmadridnm.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-473"><a href="#cite_ref-473">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120413121937/http://www.las-cruces.org/en/Departments/Public%20Services/Services/Museums.aspx">"City of Las Cruces"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.las-cruces.org/en/Departments/Public%20Services/Services/Museums.aspx">the original</a> on April 13, 2012. Retrieved May 15, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=City+of+Las+Cruces&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.las-cruces.org%2Fen%2FDepartments%2FPublic%2520Services%2FServices%2FMuseums.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-474"><a href="#cite_ref-474">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120628102853/http://staysunny.org/ThingsToDo/Museums.aspx">"Las Cruces Convention and Visitors Bureau"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.staysunny.org/ThingsToDo/Museums.aspx/">the original</a> on June 28, 2012. 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Scott (2006), Remembered earth: New Mexico's high desert, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70918459">70918459</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Remembered+earth%3A+New+Mexico%27s+high+desert&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70918459&rft.aulast=Grabowska&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Momaday%2C+N.+Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-476"><a href="#cite_ref-476">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChristine2012" class="citation web cs1">Christine (January 16, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120511011815/http://www.onlocationvacations.com/2012/01/16/a-e-will-film-the-new-series-longmire-starring-katee-sackhoff-lou-diamond-phillips-in-new-mexico-this-spring/">"A & E will film the new series 'Longmire', starring Katee Sackhoff & Lou Diamond Phillips, in New Mexico this spring"</a>. Onlocationvacations.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onlocationvacations.com/2012/01/16/a-e-will-film-the-new-series-longmire-starring-katee-sackhoff-lou-diamond-phillips-in-new-mexico-this-spring/">the original</a> on May 11, 2012. 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January 17, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210220153323/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2018/01/albuquerque-breaking-bad-tourism-10th-anniversary">Archived</a> from the original on February 20, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=Ten+Years+Later%2C+Albuquerque+Is+Still+Breaking+Bad%27s+Town&rft.date=2018-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fhollywood%2F2018%2F01%2Falbuquerque-breaking-bad-tourism-10th-anniversary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bloomberg_2021-478"><a href="#cite_ref-Bloomberg_2021_478-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSisson2021" class="citation web cs1">Sisson, Patrick (May 3, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-03/why-hollywood-is-moving-to-albuquerque">"Albuquerque Is Winning the Streaming Wars"</a>. 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Frommer's. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221228205520/https://www.frommers.com/destinations/northern-new-mexico/in-depth/cuisine">Archived</a> from the original on December 28, 2022. Retrieved December 28, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frommer%27s&rft.atitle=Cuisine+in+Northern+New+Mexico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.frommers.com%2Fdestinations%2Fnorthern-new-mexico%2Fin-depth%2Fcuisine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Enchantment-480">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Enchantment_480-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Enchantment_480-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCasey2013" class="citation book cs1">Casey, C. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7FT4mgEACAAJ">New Mexico Cuisine: Recipes from the Land of Enchantment</a>. University of New Mexico Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-5417-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-5417-4"><bdi>978-0-8263-5417-4</bdi></a>. 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Museum of New Mexico Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89013-619-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89013-619-5"><bdi>978-0-89013-619-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved March 19, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pueblo+Food+Experience+Cookbook%3A+Whole+Food+of+Our+Ancestors&rft.pub=Museum+of+New+Mexico+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-89013-619-5&rft.aulast=Swentzell&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Perea%2C+P.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6P4CkAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nostrand_1996_p._13-482"><a href="#cite_ref-Nostrand_1996_p._13_482-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNostrand1996" class="citation book cs1">Nostrand, R.L. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zlvElL6-WK4C&pg=PA13">The Hispano Homeland</a>. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-2889-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-2889-4"><bdi>978-0-8061-2889-4</bdi></a>. 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Avalon Publishing. p. 361. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-63121-072-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-63121-072-3"><bdi>978-1-63121-072-3</bdi></a>. 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Retrieved January 18, 2018 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taco+USA%3A+How+Mexican+Food+Conquered+America&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781439148624&rft.aulast=Arellano&rft.aufirst=Gustavo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmbUwNDfOBxQC%26q%3DTaco%2BUSA%253A%2BHow%2BMexican%2BFood%2BConquered%2BAmerica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guide-486"><a href="#cite_ref-Guide_486-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLaineLaine2012" class="citation book cs1">Laine, Don; Laine, Barbara (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UNJk5M6_w8gC&q=Frommer%27s+National+Parks+of+the+American+West+(2012)">Frommer's National Parks of the American West</a>. Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118224540" title="Special:BookSources/9781118224540"><bdi>9781118224540</bdi></a>. Retrieved January 18, 2018 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frommer%27s+National+Parks+of+the+American+West&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781118224540&rft.aulast=Laine&rft.aufirst=Don&rft.au=Laine%2C+Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUNJk5M6_w8gC%26q%3DFrommer%2527s%2BNational%2BParks%2Bof%2Bthe%2BAmerican%2BWest%2B%282012%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sutter_2017-487"><a href="#cite_ref-Sutter_2017_487-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSutter2017" class="citation news cs1">Sutter, Mike (September 14, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mysanantonio.com/food/restaurants/article/Review-Need-a-break-from-Tex-Mex-Hit-the-Santa-12200676.php">"Review: Need a break from Tex-Mex? Hit the Santa Fe Trail"</a>. Mysa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180320044128/https://www.mysanantonio.com/food/restaurants/article/Review-Need-a-break-from-Tex-Mex-Hit-the-Santa-12200676.php">Archived</a> from the original on March 20, 2018. 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Retrieved April 30, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Video&rft.atitle=Local+Obsession%3A+New+Mexican+Hatch+Chile&rft.date=2022-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvideo.vice.com%2Fen_us%2Fvideo%2Flocal-obsession-new-mexican-hatch-chile%2F5ce82818be40773a571c2291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tanis_2016-489"><a href="#cite_ref-Tanis_2016_489-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTanis2016" class="citation web cs1">Tanis, David (October 14, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saveur.com/hatch-chiles-new-mexico/">"Inside New Mexico's Hatch Green Chile Obsession"</a>. 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Retrieved August 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=New+Mexico+%E2%80%93+The+arts&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FNew-Mexico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-498"><a href="#cite_ref-498">^</a> (10-15-08) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/articles/swimtechnique/articles/200001-01st_art.asp">"High Hopes: Altitude Training for Swimmers"</a>, by Michael Scott, SwimmingWorldMagazine.com Magazine Archives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060703013341/http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/articles/swimtechnique/articles/200001-01st_art.asp">Archived</a> July 3, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-499"><a href="#cite_ref-499">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAssociated_Press2009" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> (May 2, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/03/sports/othersports/03outdoors.html">"The N.R.A. 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Retrieved August 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Chaco+Culture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F353%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-502"><a href="#cite_ref-502">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/492/">"Taos Pueblo"</a>. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210814035724/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/492/">Archived</a> from the original on August 14, 2021. Retrieved August 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Taos+Pueblo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F492%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-503"><a href="#cite_ref-503">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/721/">"Carlsbad Caverns National Park"</a>. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210813182043/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/721/">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2021. Retrieved August 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Carlsbad+Caverns+National+Park&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F721%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-504"><a href="#cite_ref-504">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230621042851/https://www.newmexicomagazine.org/blog/post/one-of-our-50-is-missing-may-2023/">Archived</a> June 21, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-505"><a href="#cite_ref-505">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKurtz2017" class="citation web cs1">Kurtz, Todd (June 21, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koat.com/article/loving-the-land-of-enchantment-license-plates/10200618">"Loving the Land of Enchantment: License Plates"</a>. KOAT. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230627145406/https://www.koat.com/article/loving-the-land-of-enchantment-license-plates/10200618">Archived</a> from the original on June 27, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KOAT&rft.atitle=Loving+the+Land+of+Enchantment%3A+License+Plates&rft.date=2017-06-21&rft.aulast=Kurtz&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.koat.com%2Farticle%2Floving-the-land-of-enchantment-license-plates%2F10200618&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Beck, Warren and Haase, Ynez. Historical Atlas of New Mexico 1969.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBillsVigil2008" class="citation book cs1">Bills, Garland D.; Vigil, Neddy A. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2cxVwA-fyoEC">The Spanish Language of New Mexico and Southern Colorado: A Linguistic Atlas</a>. University of New Mexico Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0826345516" title="Special:BookSources/978-0826345516"><bdi>978-0826345516</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spanish+Language+of+New+Mexico+and+Southern+Colorado%3A+A+Linguistic+Atlas&rft.pub=University+of+New+Mexico+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0826345516&rft.aulast=Bills&rft.aufirst=Garland+D.&rft.au=Vigil%2C+Neddy+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2cxVwA-fyoEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Mexico" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Carleton, William, R. "Fruit, Fiber and Fire: A history of Modern Agriculture in New Mexico. Lincoln, University of Nebraska, 2021, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1496216168" title="Special:BookSources/978-1496216168">978-1496216168</a></li> <li>Chavez, Thomas E. An Illustrated History of New Mexico, 267 pages, University of New Mexico Press 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0826330517" title="Special:BookSources/0826330517">0826330517</a></li> <li>Bullis, Don. New Mexico: A Biographical Dictionary, 1540–1980, 2 vol, (Los Ranchos de Albuquerque: Rio Grande, 2008) 393 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1890689179" title="Special:BookSources/978-1890689179">978-1890689179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlinda_Gonz%C3%A1les-Berry" title="Erlinda Gonzáles-Berry">Gonzales-Berry, Erlinda</a>, David R. Maciel, eds. The Contested Homeland: A Chicano History of New Mexico, University of New Mexico Press 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0826321992" title="Special:BookSources/0826321992">0826321992</a>, 314 pp.</li> <li>Gutiérrez, Ramón A. "New Mexico's Spanish Catholic Past." American Catholic Studies 133, no. 4 (2022): 61–68.</li> <li>Gutiérrez, Ramón A. When Jesus Came, the Corn Mothers Went Away: Marriage, Sexuality, and Power in New Mexico, 1500–1846 (1991)</li> <li>Hain, Paul L., <a href="/wiki/F_Chris_Garcia" class="mw-redirect" title="F Chris Garcia">F. Chris Garcia</a>, Gilbert K. St. Clair; New Mexico Government 3rd ed. (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Horgan" title="Paul Horgan">Horgan, Paul</a>, Great River, The Rio Grande in North American History, 1038 pages, Wesleyan University Press 1991, 4th Reprint, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0585380147" title="Special:BookSources/0585380147">0585380147</a>, Pulitzer Prize 1955</li> <li>Larson, Robert W. New Mexico's Quest for Statehood, 1846–1912 (1968)</li> <li>Nieto-Phillips, John M. The Language of Blood: The Making of Spanish-American Identity in New Mexico, 1880s–1930s, University of New Mexico Press 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0826324231" title="Special:BookSources/0826324231">0826324231</a></li> <li>Simmons, Marc. New Mexico: An Interpretive History, University of New Mexico Press 1988, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0826311105" title="Special:BookSources/0826311105">0826311105</a>, 221 pp, good introduction</li> <li>Szasz, Ferenc M., and Richard W. Etulain, eds. Religion in Modern New Mexico (1997)</li> <li>Trujillo, Michael L. Land of Disenchantment: Latina/o Identities and Transformations in Northern New Mexico (2010) 265 pp; an experimental ethnography that contrasts life in the Espanola Valley with the state's commercial image as the "land of enchantment".</li> <li>Weber; David J. Foreigners in Their Native Land: Historical Roots of the Mexican Americans (1973), primary sources to 1912</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316" /><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Ellis, Richard, ed. New Mexico Past and Present: A Historical Reader. 1971. primary sources</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Hillerman" title="Tony Hillerman">Tony Hillerman</a>, The Great Taos Bank Robbery and other Indian Country Affairs, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, 1973, trade paperback, 147 pages, (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/082630530X" title="Special:BookSources/082630530X">082630530X</a>), fiction</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> New Mexico at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/New_Mexico" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/New Mexico">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" class="extiw" title="c:New Mexico">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:New_Mexico" class="extiw" title="n:Category:New Mexico">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:New_Mexico" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:New Mexico">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/New_Mexico" class="extiw" title="voy:New Mexico">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_government">State government</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newmexico.gov/">New Mexico Government</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110223184016/http://www.newmexico.gov/">Archived</a> February 23, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080515221523/http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/New_Mexico">New Mexico State Databases</a>: annotated list of searchable databases produced by New Mexico state agencies and compiled by the Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bber.unm.edu/">Bureau of Business and Economic Research (BBER)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090220232107/http://bber.unm.edu/">Archived</a> February 20, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_Mexico" title="University of New Mexico">University of New Mexico</a>: credible and objective data and research to inform economic development and public policy</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_government">Federal government</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/newmexico/index.html">New Mexico State Guide from the Library of Congress</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201117050835/https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/newmexico/index.html">Archived</a> November 17, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080923225139/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=NM">Energy Profile for New Mexico: economic, environmental, and energy data</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070106170120/https://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=NM">New Mexico</a> Science in Your Backyard, from the U.S. Geological Society</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/amsw/">"American Southwest"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140701095440/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/amsw/">Archived</a> July 1, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Discover Our Shared Heritage: travel itinerary from the National Park Service</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=35&StateName=New%20Mexico#.U8BACfldUeo">New Mexico state facts</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714124628/http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=35&StateName=New%20Mexico#.U8BACfldUeo">Archived</a> July 14, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> economic research service, U.S. Department of Agriculture</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism_2">Tourism</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gilaflora.com/">Flora of the Gila National Forest in New Mexico</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120522041908/http://gilaflora.com/">Archived</a> May 22, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/162014">New Mexico</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_statehood" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by date of statehood">List of U.S. states by date of statehood</a> Admitted on January 6, 1912 (47th) </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_New_Mexico429" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#E7D9A9;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Mexico" title="Template:New Mexico"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Mexico" title="Template talk:New Mexico"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Mexico" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Mexico"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_New_Mexico429" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">New Mexico</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#E7D9A9;"><div><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#E7D9A9;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_New_Mexico" title="Outline of New Mexico">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_New_Mexico-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of New Mexico-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_New_Mexico" title="List of census-designated places in New Mexico">Census-designated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bizcochito" title="Bizcochito">Bizcochito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_chile" title="New Mexico chile">Chile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Mexico" title="Culture of New Mexico">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_New_Mexico" title="United States congressional delegations from New Mexico">Delegations</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Geography">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_Mexico" title="Government of New Mexico">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Mexico" title="History of New Mexico">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Nuevo México</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">Territory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Landmarks_in_New_Mexico" title="Category:Landmarks in New Mexico">Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_in_New_Mexico" title="Category:Military in New Mexico">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_National_Guard" title="New Mexico National Guard">National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="New Mexico Campaign">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="New Mexico during World War II">World War II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Mexico" title="Music of New Mexico">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_music" title="New Mexico music">New Mexico music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_New_Mexico" title="List of people from New Mexico">New Mexicans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanos_of_New_Mexico" title="Hispanos of New Mexico">Hispanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Native_American_tribes_in_New_Mexico" title="Category:Native American tribes in New Mexico">Pueblos and Tribes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontology_in_New_Mexico" title="Paleontology in New Mexico">Paleontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Mexico_state_symbols" title="List of New Mexico state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_New_Mexico" title="Category:Tourist attractions in New Mexico">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Transportation">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#E7D9A9;;width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_New_Mexico" title="Abortion in New Mexico">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_New_Mexico" title="Climate change in New Mexico">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_New_Mexico" title="Crime in New Mexico">Crime</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Demographics">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_Mexico" title="Economy of New Mexico">Economy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Mexico" title="Elections in New Mexico">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_New_Mexico" title="Gun laws in New Mexico">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_New_Mexico" title="Homelessness in New Mexico">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in New Mexico">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_literature" title="New Mexican literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Politics">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#E7D9A9;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#New_Mexico" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madrean_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrean Region">Apachian zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_New_Mexico" title="Central New Mexico">Central New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicoma_Mountain" title="Chicoma Mountain">Chicoma Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chihuahuan_Desert" title="Chihuahuan Desert">Chihuahuan Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Plateau" title="Colorado Plateau">Colorado Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_New_Mexico" title="Eastern New Mexico">Eastern New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llano_Estacado" title="Llano Estacado">Llano Estacado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzano_Mountains" title="Manzano Mountains">Manzano Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogollon_Plateau" title="Mogollon Plateau">Mogollon Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_New_Mexico" title="Northern New Mexico">Northern New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permian_Basin_(North_America)" title="Permian Basin (North America)">Permian Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Basin" title="San Juan Basin">San Juan Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Valley" title="San Luis Valley">San Luis Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandia_Mountains" title="Sandia Mountains">Sandia Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortgrass_prairie" title="Shortgrass prairie">Shortgrass prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangre_de_Cristo_Mountains" title="Sangre de Cristo Mountains">Sangre de Cristo Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wheeler_Peak_(New_Mexico)" title="Wheeler Peak (New Mexico)">Wheeler Peak</a> (highest point)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_New_Mexico" title="Southwestern New Mexico">Southwestern New Mexico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#E7D9A9;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_New_Mexico" title="List of municipalities in New Mexico">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamogordo,_New_Mexico" title="Alamogordo, New Mexico">Alamogordo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a> (<a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_metropolitan_area" title="Albuquerque metropolitan area">Metropolitan Area</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec,_New_Mexico" title="Aztec, New Mexico">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artesia,_New_Mexico" title="Artesia, New Mexico">Artesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomfield,_New_Mexico" title="Bloomfield, New Mexico">Bloomfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlsbad,_New_Mexico" title="Carlsbad, New Mexico">Carlsbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis,_New_Mexico" title="Clovis, New Mexico">Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrales,_New_Mexico" title="Corrales, New Mexico">Corrales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deming,_New_Mexico" title="Deming, New Mexico">Deming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espa%C3%B1ola,_New_Mexico" title="Española, New Mexico">Española</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmington,_New_Mexico" title="Farmington, New Mexico">Farmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallup,_New_Mexico" title="Gallup, New Mexico">Gallup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grants,_New_Mexico" title="Grants, New Mexico">Grants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobbs,_New_Mexico" title="Hobbs, New Mexico">Hobbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtland,_New_Mexico" title="Kirtland, New Mexico">Kirtland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Cruces,_New_Mexico" title="Las Cruces, New Mexico">Las Cruces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas,_New_Mexico" title="Las Vegas, New Mexico">Las Vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos,_New_Mexico" title="Los Alamos, New Mexico">Los Alamos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Lunas,_New_Mexico" title="Los Lunas, New Mexico">Los Lunas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovington,_New_Mexico" title="Lovington, New Mexico">Lovington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portales,_New_Mexico" title="Portales, New Mexico">Portales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raton,_New_Mexico" title="Raton, New Mexico">Raton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Rancho,_New_Mexico" title="Rio Rancho, New Mexico">Rio Rancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roswell,_New_Mexico" title="Roswell, New Mexico">Roswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruidoso,_New_Mexico" title="Ruidoso, New Mexico">Ruidoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_City,_New_Mexico" title="Silver City, New Mexico">Silver City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socorro,_New_Mexico" title="Socorro, New Mexico">Socorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunland_Park,_New_Mexico" title="Sunland Park, New Mexico">Sunland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taos,_New_Mexico" title="Taos, New Mexico">Taos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucumcari,_New_Mexico" title="Tucumcari, New Mexico">Tucumcari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#E7D9A9;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_Mexico" title="List of counties in New Mexico">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">See: <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_Mexico" title="List of counties in New Mexico">List of counties in New Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernalillo_County,_New_Mexico" title="Bernalillo County, New Mexico">Bernalillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catron_County,_New_Mexico" title="Catron County, New Mexico">Catron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaves_County,_New_Mexico" title="Chaves County, New Mexico">Chaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cibola_County,_New_Mexico" title="Cibola County, New Mexico">Cibola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colfax_County,_New_Mexico" title="Colfax County, New Mexico">Colfax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_County,_New_Mexico" title="Curry County, New Mexico">Curry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Baca_County,_New_Mexico" title="De Baca County, New Mexico">De Baca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_Ana_County,_New_Mexico" title="Doña Ana County, New Mexico">Doña Ana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_County,_New_Mexico" title="Eddy County, New Mexico">Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_County,_New_Mexico" title="Grant County, New Mexico">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_County,_New_Mexico" title="Guadalupe County, New Mexico">Guadalupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harding_County,_New_Mexico" title="Harding County, New Mexico">Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidalgo_County,_New_Mexico" title="Hidalgo County, New Mexico">Hidalgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lea_County,_New_Mexico" title="Lea County, New Mexico">Lea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_New_Mexico" title="Lincoln County, New Mexico">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_County,_New_Mexico" title="Los Alamos County, New Mexico">Los Alamos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_County,_New_Mexico" title="Luna County, New Mexico">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKinley_County,_New_Mexico" title="McKinley County, New Mexico">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mora_County,_New_Mexico" title="Mora County, New Mexico">Mora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otero_County,_New_Mexico" title="Otero County, New Mexico">Otero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quay_County,_New_Mexico" title="Quay County, New Mexico">Quay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Arriba_County,_New_Mexico" title="Rio Arriba County, New Mexico">Rio Arriba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_County,_New_Mexico" title="Roosevelt County, New Mexico">Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_County,_New_Mexico" title="San Juan County, New Mexico">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_County,_New_Mexico" title="San Miguel County, New Mexico">San Miguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandoval_County,_New_Mexico" title="Sandoval County, New Mexico">Sandoval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_County,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe County, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_County,_New_Mexico" title="Sierra County, New Mexico">Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socorro_County,_New_Mexico" title="Socorro County, New Mexico">Socorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taos_County,_New_Mexico" title="Taos County, New Mexico">Taos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrance_County,_New_Mexico" title="Torrance County, New Mexico">Torrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_County,_New_Mexico" title="Union County, New Mexico">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencia_County,_New_Mexico" title="Valencia County, New Mexico">Valencia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#E7D9A9;"><div><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg/40px-Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg/60px-Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Mexico" title="Portal:New Mexico">New Mexico portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protected_areas_of_New_Mexico865" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;;background:#abdb75;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Protected_areas_of_New_Mexico" title="Template:Protected areas of New Mexico"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Protected_areas_of_New_Mexico" title="Template talk:Protected areas of New Mexico"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Protected_areas_of_New_Mexico" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Protected areas of New Mexico"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protected_areas_of_New_Mexico865" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_the_United_States" title="Protected areas of the United States">Protected areas</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">New Mexico</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service#National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park" title="Carlsbad Caverns National Park">Carlsbad Caverns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Sands_National_Park" title="White Sands National Park">White Sands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Historical_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historical Park">National Historical Parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaco_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Chaco Culture National Historical Park">Chaco Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project_National_Historical_Park" title="Manhattan Project National Historical Park">Manhattan Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecos_National_Historical_Park" title="Pecos National Historical Park">Pecos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_monument_(United_States)" title="National monument (United States)">National monuments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Ruins_National_Monument" title="Aztec Ruins National Monument">Aztec Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandelier_National_Monument" title="Bandelier National Monument">Bandelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capulin_Volcano_National_Monument" title="Capulin Volcano National Monument">Capulin Volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Malpais_National_Monument" title="El Malpais National Monument">El Malpais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Morro_National_Monument" title="El Morro National Monument">El Morro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Union_National_Monument" title="Fort Union National Monument">Fort Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gila_Cliff_Dwellings_National_Monument" title="Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument">Gila Cliff Dwellings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroglyph_National_Monument" title="Petroglyph National Monument">Petroglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salinas_Pueblo_Missions_National_Monument" title="Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument">Salinas Pueblo Missions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Recreation_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="National Recreation Area">National Recreation Areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jemez_National_Recreation_Area" title="Jemez National Recreation Area">Jemez</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">USFS</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Trails_System" title="National Trails System">National Trails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camino_Real_de_Tierra_Adentro" title="Camino Real de Tierra Adentro">Camino Real de Tierra Adentro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Spanish_Trail_(trade_route)" title="Old Spanish Trail (trade route)">Old Spanish Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Trail" title="Santa Fe Trail">Santa Fe Trail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_forest_(United_States)" title="National forest (United States)">National Forests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apache%E2%80%93Sitgreaves_National_Forests" title="Apache–Sitgreaves National Forests">Apache–Sitgreaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carson_National_Forest" title="Carson National Forest">Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cibola_National_Forest" title="Cibola National Forest">Cibola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronado_National_Forest" title="Coronado National Forest">Coronado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gila_National_Forest" title="Gila National Forest">Gila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_National_Forest" title="Lincoln National Forest">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_National_Forest" title="Santa Fe National Forest">Santa Fe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Grassland" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Grassland">National Grasslands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiowa_National_Grassland" title="Kiowa National Grassland">Kiowa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="National Wildlife Refuge">National Wildlife Refuges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitter_Lake_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge">Bitter Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosque_del_Apache_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge">Bosque del Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grulla_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Grulla National Wildlife Refuge">Grulla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Las Vegas National Wildlife Refuge">Las Vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Maxwell National Wildlife Refuge">Maxwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Andres_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="San Andres National Wildlife Refuge">San Andres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevilleta_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge">Sevilleta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valle_de_Oro_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Valle de Oro National Wildlife Refuge">Valle de Oro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Conservation_Area" title="National Conservation Area">National Conservation Areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/El_Malpais_National_Conservation_Area" title="El Malpais National Conservation Area">El Malpais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Stanton%E2%80%93Snowy_River_Cave_National_Conservation_Area" title="Fort Stanton–Snowy River Cave National Conservation Area">Fort Stanton–Snowy River Cave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Conservation_Lands" title="National Conservation Lands">BLM National Monuments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kasha-Katuwe_Tent_Rocks_National_Monument" title="Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument">Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_Mountains%E2%80%93Desert_Peaks_National_Monument" title="Organ Mountains–Desert Peaks National Monument">Organ Mountains–Desert Peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Trackways_National_Monument" title="Prehistoric Trackways National Monument">Prehistoric Trackways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_del_Norte_National_Monument" title="Rio Grande del Norte National Monument">Rio Grande del Norte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Natural_Landmark" title="National Natural Landmark">National Natural Landmarks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Natural_Landmarks_in_New_Mexico" title="List of National Natural Landmarks in New Mexico">List of National Natural Landmarks in New Mexico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_preserve" title="National preserve">National Preserves</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valles_Caldera" title="Valles Caldera">Valles Caldera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Wilderness_Preservation_System" title="National Wilderness Preservation System">Wilderness</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Leopold_Wilderness" title="Aldo Leopold Wilderness">Aldo Leopold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Kid_Wilderness" title="Apache Kid Wilderness">Apache Kid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandelier_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandelier Wilderness">Bandelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisti/De-Na-Zin_Wilderness" title="Bisti/De-Na-Zin Wilderness">Bisti/De-Na-Zin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Range_Wilderness" title="Blue Range Wilderness">Blue Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosque_del_Apache_Wilderness" title="Bosque del Apache Wilderness">Bosque del Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitan_Mountains_Wilderness" title="Capitan Mountains Wilderness">Capitan Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlsbad_Caverns_Wilderness" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlsbad Caverns Wilderness">Carlsbad Caverns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebolla_Wilderness" title="Cebolla Wilderness">Cebolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chama_River_Canyon_Wilderness" title="Chama River Canyon Wilderness">Chama River Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbine%E2%80%93Hondo_Wilderness" title="Columbine–Hondo Wilderness">Columbine–Hondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruces_Basin_Wilderness" title="Cruces Basin Wilderness">Cruces Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_Wilderness" title="Dome Wilderness">Dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gila_Wilderness" title="Gila Wilderness">Gila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latir_Peak_Wilderness" title="Latir Peak Wilderness">Latir Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzano_Mountain_Wilderness" title="Manzano Mountain Wilderness">Manzano Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojito_Wilderness" title="Ojito Wilderness">Ojito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecos_Wilderness" title="Pecos Wilderness">Pecos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabinoso_Wilderness" title="Sabinoso Wilderness">Sabinoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Creek_Wilderness" title="Salt Creek Wilderness">Salt Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_Parks_Wilderness" title="San Pedro Parks Wilderness">San Pedro Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandia_Mountain_Wilderness" title="Sandia Mountain Wilderness">Sandia Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Malpais_Wilderness" title="West Malpais Wilderness">West Malpais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheeler_Peak_Wilderness" title="Wheeler Peak Wilderness">Wheeler Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Mountain_Wilderness" title="White Mountain Wilderness">White Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withington_Wilderness" title="Withington Wilderness">Withington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Wild_and_Scenic_Rivers_System" title="National Wild and Scenic Rivers System">Wild and Scenic Rivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jemez_River" title="Jemez River">East Fork Jemez River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecos_River" title="Pecos River">Pecos River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_(New_Mexico)" title="Red River (New Mexico)">Red River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Chama" title="Rio Chama">Rio Chama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Wild_and_Scenic_River" title="Rio Grande Wild and Scenic River">Rio Grande</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%">State Parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bluewater_Lake_State_Park" title="Bluewater Lake State Park">Bluewater Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottomless_Lakes_State_Park" title="Bottomless Lakes State Park">Bottomless Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brantley_Lake_State_Park" title="Brantley Lake State Park">Brantley Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caballo_Lake_State_Park" title="Caballo Lake State Park">Caballo Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerrillos_Hills_State_Park" title="Cerrillos Hills State Park">Cerrillos Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimarron_Canyon_State_Park" title="Cimarron Canyon State Park">Cimarron Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Rocks_State_Park" title="City of Rocks State Park">City of Rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_Lake_State_Park" title="Clayton Lake State Park">Clayton Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conchas_Lake" title="Conchas Lake">Conchas Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyote_Creek_State_Park" title="Coyote Creek State Park">Coyote Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Nest_Lake_State_Park" title="Eagle Nest Lake State Park">Eagle Nest Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Vado_Lake" title="El Vado Lake">El Vado Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_Butte_Lake_State_Park" title="Elephant Butte Lake State Park">Elephant Butte Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenton_Lake_State_Park" title="Fenton Lake State Park">Fenton Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heron_Lake_(New_Mexico)" title="Heron Lake (New Mexico)">Heron Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Memorial_State_Park" title="Hyde Memorial State Park">Hyde Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leasburg_Dam_State_Park" title="Leasburg Dam State Park">Leasburg Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_Desert_Zoo_and_Gardens_State_Park" title="Living Desert Zoo and Gardens State Park">Living Desert Zoo and Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzano_Mountains_State_Park" title="Manzano Mountains State Park">Manzano Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesilla_Valley_Bosque_State_Park" title="Mesilla Valley Bosque State Park">Mesilla Valley Bosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphy_Lake_State_Park" title="Morphy Lake State Park">Morphy Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Lake" title="Navajo Lake">Navajo Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oasis_State_Park" title="Oasis State Park">Oasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Lee_Memorial_State_Park" title="Oliver Lee Memorial State Park">Oliver Lee Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancho_Villa_State_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Pancho Villa State Park">Pancho Villa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percha_Dam_State_Park" title="Percha Dam State Park">Percha Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Nature_Center_State_Park" title="Rio Grande Nature Center State Park">Rio Grande Nature Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockhound_State_Park" title="Rockhound State Park">Rockhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_Lake_State_Park" title="Santa Rosa Lake State Park">Santa Rosa Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storrie_Lake_State_Park" title="Storrie Lake State Park">Storrie Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugarite_Canyon_State_Park" title="Sugarite Canyon State Park">Sugarite Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumner_Lake_State_Park" title="Sumner Lake State Park">Sumner Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_Lake_State_Park" title="Ute Lake State Park">Ute Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villanueva_State_Park" title="Villanueva State Park">Villanueva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#bbeb85;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Department_of_Energy,_Minerals,_and_Natural_Resources" title="New Mexico Department of Energy, Minerals, and Natural Resources">New Mexico Department of Energy, Minerals, and Natural Resources</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States359" style="text-align:left;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template talk:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States359" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Political divisions of the United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States" title="List of states and territories of the United States">List of states and territories</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">Outlying islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navassa_Island" title="Navassa Island">Navassa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">List of Indian reservations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Concessions_and_leases_in_international_relations" title="Concessions and leases in international relations">International concessions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">Guantanamo Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pituffik_Space_Base" title="Pituffik Space Base">Pituffik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Western_United_States336" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#ECA8B3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Western_United_States" title="Template:Western United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Western_United_States" title="Template talk:Western United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Western_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Western United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Western_United_States336" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ECA8B3;;width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Basin" title="Great Basin">Great Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain States">Mountain States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ECA8B3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ECA8B3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ECA8B3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Major metropolitan areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_metropolitan_area" title="Phoenix metropolitan area">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose%E2%80%93San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland,_CA_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area">San Jose–Oakland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inland Empire (California)">San Bernardino-Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_metropolitan_area" title="Seattle metropolitan area">Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego metropolitan area">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver_metropolitan_area" title="Denver metropolitan area">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_metropolitan_area" title="Portland metropolitan area">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_metropolitan_area" title="Sacramento metropolitan area">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City_metropolitan_area" title="Salt Lake City metropolitan area">Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honolulu_County,_Hawaii" title="Honolulu County, Hawaii">Honolulu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oahu" title="Oahu">Oʻahu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_metropolitan_area" title="Albuquerque metropolitan area">Albuquerque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque%E2%80%93Santa_Fe%E2%80%93Las_Vegas_combined_statistical_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Las Vegas combined statistical area">Santa Fe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage_metropolitan_area" title="Anchorage metropolitan area">Anchorage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ECA8B3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">Major cities</a> (over 300k)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora,_Colorado" title="Aurora, Colorado">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado" title="Colorado Springs, Colorado">Colorado Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Nevada" title="Henderson, Nevada">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa,_Arizona" title="Mesa, Arizona">Mesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_California" title="Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ECA8B3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">State capitals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boise,_Idaho" title="Boise, Idaho">Boise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carson_City,_Nevada" title="Carson City, Nevada">Carson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne,_Wyoming" title="Cheyenne, Wyoming">Cheyenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena,_Montana" title="Helena, Montana">Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneau,_Alaska" title="Juneau, Alaska">Juneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Oregon" title="Salem, Oregon">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#ECA8B3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">Territorial capitals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam" title="Hagåtña, Guam">Hagåtña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_frontier480" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_frontier" title="Template:American frontier"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_frontier" title="Template talk:American frontier"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_frontier" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American frontier"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_frontier480" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">American frontier</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1776 to 1912</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arapaho" title="Arapaho">Arapaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arikara" title="Arikara">Arikara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assiniboine" title="Assiniboine">Assiniboine (Nakota)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_Confederacy" title="Blackfoot Confederacy">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahuilla" title="Cahuilla">Cahuilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayuse_people" title="Cayuse people">Cayuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne" title="Cheyenne">Cheyenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinookan_peoples" title="Chinookan peoples">Chinook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caddo" title="Caddo">Caddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocopah" title="Cocopah">Cocopah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_people" title="Crow people">Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_people" title="Dakota people">Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Civilized_Tribes" title="Five Civilized Tribes">Five Civilized Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidatsa" title="Hidatsa">Hidatsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi">Hopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hualapai" title="Hualapai">Hualapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickapoo_people" title="Kickapoo people">Kickapoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiowa" title="Kiowa">Kiowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay" title="Kumeyaay">Kumeyaay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutenai" title="Kutenai">Kutenai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakota_people" title="Lakota people">Lakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape (Delaware)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandan" title="Mandan">Mandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maricopa_people" title="Maricopa people">Maricopa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modoc_people" title="Modoc people">Modoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohave_people" title="Mohave people">Mohave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscogee" title="Muscogee">Muscogee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo" title="Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nez_Perce" title="Nez Perce">Nez Perce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Paiute_people" title="Northern Paiute people">Northern Paiute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuu-chah-nulth" title="Nuu-chah-nulth">Nootka (Nuu-chah-nulth)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe (Chippewa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_people" title="Pawnee people">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pend_d%27Oreilles" title="Pend d'Oreilles">Pend d'Oreilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pequots" title="Pequots">Pequots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pima_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pima people">Pima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebloans" class="mw-redirect" title="Puebloans">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole" title="Seminole">Seminoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshone" title="Shoshone">Shoshone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Paiute_people" title="Southern Paiute people">Southern Paiute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tohono_O%CA%BCodham" title="Tohono Oʼodham">Tohono Oʼodham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkawa" title="Tonkawa">Tonkawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umpqua_people" title="Umpqua people">Umpqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_people" title="Ute people">Ute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washoe_people" title="Washoe people">Washoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakama" title="Yakama">Yakama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui" title="Yaqui">Yaqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavapai" title="Yavapai">Yavapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quechan" title="Quechan">Yuma (Quechan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonga_Black_Hawk" title="Antonga Black Hawk">Black Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Kettle" title="Black Kettle">Black Kettle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Knife" title="Bloody Knife">Bloody Knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Joseph" title="Chief Joseph">Chief Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochise" title="Cochise">Cochise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand_Watie" title="Stand Watie">Degataga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasant_Porter" title="Pleasant Porter">Crazy Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crazy_Horse" title="Crazy Horse">Crazy Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitto_Harjo" title="Chitto Harjo">Crazy Snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangas_Coloradas" title="Mangas Coloradas">Dasoda-hae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geronimo" title="Geronimo">Geronimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_Ridge" title="Major Ridge">Ganundalegi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irataba" title="Irataba">Irataba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Wright" title="Allen Wright">Kiliahote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuelito" title="Manuelito">Manuelito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massai" title="Massai">Massai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plenty_Coups" title="Plenty Coups">Plenty Coups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanah_Parker" title="Quanah Parker">Quanah Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Cloud" title="Red Cloud">Red Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacagawea" title="Sacagawea">Sacagawea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Seattle" title="Chief Seattle">Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitting_Bull" title="Sitting Bull">Sitting Bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Smallwood" title="Benjamin Franklin Smallwood">Smallwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pitchlynn" title="Peter Pitchlynn">Snapping Turtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Bear" title="Standing Bear">Standing Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Bears" title="Ten Bears">Ten Bears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_the_Clouds" title="Touch the Clouds">Touch the Clouds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuba_(chief)" title="Tuba (chief)">Tuvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorio" title="Victorio">Victorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washakie" title="Washakie">Washakie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Explorers and <a href="/wiki/American_pioneer" title="American pioneer">pioneers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Boone" title="Daniel Boone">Daniel Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bozeman" title="John Bozeman">John Bozeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bridger" title="Jim Bridger">Jim Bridger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_V%C3%A9lez_Cachup%C3%ADn" title="Tomás Vélez Cachupín">Tomás Vélez Cachupín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Clark" title="William Clark">William Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Crockett" title="Davy Crockett">Davy Crockett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donner_Party" title="Donner Party">Donner Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">John C. Frémont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver-Eating_Johnson" title="Liver-Eating Johnson">Liver-Eating Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meriwether_Lewis" title="Meriwether Lewis">Meriwether Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Mayer" title="Joe Mayer">Joe Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_John_Murphy" title="William John Murphy">William John Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Powell" title="John Wesley Powell">John Wesley Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Rivera_(explorer)" title="Juan Rivera (explorer)">Juan Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Ruggles" title="Levi Ruggles">Levi Ruggles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jedediah_Smith" title="Jedediah Smith">Jedediah Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Swilling" title="Jack Swilling">Jack Swilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Swilling" title="Trinidad Swilling">Trinidad Swilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ora_Rush_Weed" title="Ora Rush Weed">Ora Rush Weed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richens_Lacey_Wootton" title="Richens Lacey Wootton">Richens Lacey Wootton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wickenburg" title="Henry Wickenburg">Henry Wickenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bill_Williams" title="Old Bill Williams">"Old Bill" Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young" title="Brigham Young">Brigham Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lawmen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elfego_Baca" title="Elfego Baca">Elfego Baca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Bassett" title="Charlie Bassett">Charlie Bassett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Bean" title="Roy Bean">Roy Bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Earp" title="Morgan Earp">Morgan Earp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Earp" title="Virgil Earp">Virgil Earp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyatt_Earp" title="Wyatt Earp">Wyatt Earp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Garfias" title="Henry Garfias">Henry Garfias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Garrett" title="Pat Garrett">Pat Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Helm" title="Jack Helm">Jack Helm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Bill_Hickok" title="Wild Bill Hickok">"Wild Bill" Hickok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_Masterson" title="Bat Masterson">Bat Masterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysterious_Dave_Mather" title="Mysterious Dave Mather">"Mysterious Dave" Mather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_Reeves" title="Bass Reeves">Bass Reeves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Scarborough_(cowboy)" title="George Scarborough (cowboy)">George Scarborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Selman" title="John Selman">John Selman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Horton_Slaughter" title="John Horton Slaughter">John Horton Slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Tilghman" title="Bill Tilghman">William "Bill" Tilghman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Timberlake" title="James Timberlake">James Timberlake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_C._Wheeler" title="Harry C. Wheeler">Harry C. Wheeler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outlaws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billy_the_Kid" title="Billy the Kid">Billy the Kid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Bart_(outlaw)" title="Black Bart (outlaw)">Black Bart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Brocius" title="William Brocius">"Curly Bill" Brocius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butch_Cassidy" title="Butch Cassidy">Butch Cassidy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Clanton" title="Billy Clanton">Billy Clanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike_Clanton" title="Ike Clanton">Ike Clanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalton_Gang" title="Dalton Gang">Dalton Brothers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grat_Dalton" title="Grat Dalton">Grat</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_M._Dalton" title="William M. Dalton">Bill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dalton" title="Bob Dalton">Bob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emmett_Dalton" title="Emmett Dalton">Emmett</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Doolin" title="Bill Doolin">Bill Doolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Downing" title="Bill Downing">Bill Downing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Hardin" title="John Wesley Hardin">John Wesley Hardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Ringo" title="Johnny Ringo">Johnny Ringo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_James" title="Jesse James">Jesse James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_James" title="Frank James">Frank James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Ketchum" title="Tom Ketchum">Tom Ketchum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_McLaury" title="Frank McLaury">Frank McLaury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_McLaury" title="Tom McLaury">Tom McLaury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaquin_Murrieta" title="Joaquin Murrieta">Joaquin Murrieta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_Starr" title="Belle Starr">Belle Starr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soapy_Smith" title="Soapy Smith">Soapy Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundance_Kid" title="Sundance Kid">Sundance Kid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiburcio_V%C3%A1squez" title="Tiburcio Vásquez">Tiburcio Vásquez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James-Younger_Gang" class="mw-redirect" title="James-Younger Gang">Younger Brothers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cole_Younger" title="Cole Younger">Cole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Younger" title="Bob Younger">Bob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Younger" title="Jim Younger">Jim</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Younger" title="John Younger">John</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soldiers and scouts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Russell_Burnham" title="Frederick Russell Burnham">Frederick Russell Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_Carson" title="Kit Carson">Kit Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Bill" title="Buffalo Bill">"Buffalo Bill" Cody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Jack_Omohundro" title="Texas Jack Omohundro">Texas Jack Omohundro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Cooney" title="James C. Cooney">James C. Cooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Crook" title="George Crook">George Crook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Armstrong_Custer" title="George Armstrong Custer">George Armstrong Custer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Godey" title="Alexis Godey">Alexis Godey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_P._Heintzelman" title="Samuel P. Heintzelman">Samuel P. Heintzelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Horn" title="Tom Horn">Tom Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calamity_Jane" title="Calamity Jane">Calamity Jane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Kelly" title="Luther Kelly">Luther Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranald_S._Mackenzie" title="Ranald S. Mackenzie">Ranald S. Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charley_Reynolds" title="Charley Reynolds">Charley Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Sheridan" title="Philip Sheridan">Philip Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sieber" title="Al Sieber">Al Sieber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Jacob_Astor" title="John Jacob Astor">John Jacob Astor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Boring" title="William H. Boring">William H. Boring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_R._Davis" title="Jonathan R. Davis">Jonathan R. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Flavel" title="George Flavel">George Flavel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._S._Fly" title="C. S. Fly">C. S. Fly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Joel_Glanton" title="John Joel Glanton">John Joel Glanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Goodfellow" title="George E. Goodfellow">George E. Goodfellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doc_Holliday" title="Doc Holliday">Doc Holliday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah_Kingsley" title="Zephaniah Kingsley">Zephaniah Kingsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Kinman" title="Seth Kinman">Seth Kinman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octaviano_Ambrosio_Larrazolo" title="Octaviano Ambrosio Larrazolo">Octaviano Larrazolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Love" title="Nat Love">Nat Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Mowry" title="Sylvester Mowry">Sylvester Mowry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Norton" title="Emperor Norton">Emperor Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Oakley" title="Annie Oakley">Annie Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedona_Schnebly" title="Sedona Schnebly">Sedona Schnebly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_William_Sweeny" title="Thomas William Sweeny">Thomas William Sweeny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lebeck" title="Peter Lebeck">Peter Lebeck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_lifestyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Western lifestyle">Frontier culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">American bison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbed_wire" title="Barbed wire">Barbed wire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boot_Hill" title="Boot Hill">Boot Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_drives_in_the_United_States" title="Cattle drives in the United States">Cattle drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_poetry" title="Cowboy poetry">Cowboy poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_raiding" title="Cattle raiding">Cattle rustling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cattle_towns" class="mw-redirect" title="Cattle towns">Cow town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_draw" title="Fast draw">Fast draw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunfighter#Famous_gunfights" title="Gunfighter">Gunfights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_Acts" title="Homestead Acts">Homesteading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_run" title="Land run">Land rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifest_destiny" title="Manifest destiny">Manifest destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonshine" title="Moonshine">Moonshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-room_school" title="One-room school">One-room schoolhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_Rendezvous" title="Rocky Mountain Rendezvous">Rocky Mountain Rendezvous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodeo" title="Rodeo">Rodeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagecoach" title="Stagecoach">Stagecoach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_robbery" title="Train robbery">Train robbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilantism" title="Vigilantism">Vigilante justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_saloon" title="Western saloon">Western saloon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tack_piano" title="Tack piano">Tack piano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Westward expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_West_shows" title="Wild West shows">Wild West shows</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport and trails</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barlow_Road" title="Barlow Road">Barlow Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozeman_Trail" title="Bozeman Trail">Bozeman Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfield_Overland_Mail" title="Butterfield Overland Mail">Butterfield Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Trail" title="California Trail">California Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chisholm_Trail" title="Chisholm Trail">Chisholm Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Platte_River_Road" title="Great Platte River Road">Great Platte River Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Cattle_Trail" title="Great Western Cattle Trail">Great Western Cattle Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolo_Pass_(Oregon)" title="Lolo Pass (Oregon)">Lolo Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meek_Cutoff" title="Meek Cutoff">Meek Cutoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_Trail" title="Mormon Trail">Mormon Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Trail" title="Oregon Trail">Oregon Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_Express" title="Pony Express">Pony Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Trail" title="Santa Fe Trail">Santa Fe Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Emigrant_Trail" title="Southern Emigrant Trail">Southern Emigrant Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanner_Trail" title="Tanner Trail">Tanner Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_transcontinental_railroad" title="First transcontinental railroad">First transcontinental railroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_United_States" title="Folklore of the United States">Folklore</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_man%27s_hand" title="Dead man's hand">Dead man's hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dime_novel" title="Dime novel">Dime novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_(folklore)" title="John Henry (folklore)">John Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Kaw" title="Johnny Kaw">Johnny Kaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Tom%27s_treasure" title="Long Tom's treasure">Long Tom's treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Dutchman%27s_Gold_Mine" title="Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine">Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Ship_of_the_Desert" title="Lost Ship of the Desert">Lost Ship of the Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montezuma%27s_treasure" title="Montezuma's treasure">Montezuma's treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Bunyan" title="Paul Bunyan">Paul Bunyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecos_Bill" title="Pecos Bill">Pecos Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Cities_of_Gold" title="Seven Cities of Gold">Seven Cities of Gold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gold_rush" title="Gold rush">Gold rushes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hills_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Hills Gold Rush">Black Hills Gold Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">California Gold Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Gulch_and_Diamond_City" title="Confederate Gulch and Diamond City">Confederate Gulch and Diamond City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klondike_Gold_Rush" title="Klondike Gold Rush">Klondike Gold Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike%27s_Peak_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="Pike's Peak Gold Rush">Pike's Peak Gold Rush</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Old_West_gunfights" title="List of Old West gunfights">Gunfights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dalton_Gang#Coffeyville_bank_robbery" title="Dalton Gang">Battle of Coffeyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lincoln_(1878)" title="Battle of Lincoln (1878)">Battle of Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisco_shootout" title="Frisco shootout">Frisco shootout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunfight_at_the_O.K._Corral" title="Gunfight at the O.K. Corral">Gunfight at the O.K. Corral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Branch_Saloon_gunfight" title="Long Branch Saloon gunfight">Long Branch Saloon gunfight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variety_Hall_shootout" title="Variety Hall shootout">Variety Hall shootout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Alamo" title="Battle of the Alamo">Battle of the Alamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Glorieta_Pass" title="Battle of Glorieta Pass">Battle of Glorieta Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Little_Bighorn" title="Battle of the Little Bighorn">Battle of the Little Bighorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Jacinto" title="Battle of San Jacinto">Battle of San Jacinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Washita_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Washita River">Battle of Washita River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_Flag_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Bear Flag Revolt">Bear Flag Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_1837_(New_Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolt of 1837 (New Mexico)">Chimayó Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Adobe_Walls" title="First Battle of Adobe Walls">First Battle of Adobe Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">Indian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_Creek_massacre" title="Sand Creek massacre">Sand Creek massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_Wars" title="Seminole Wars">Seminole Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Revolution" title="Texas Revolution">Texas Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wounded_Knee_Massacre" title="Wounded Knee Massacre">Wounded Knee Massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Range_war" title="Range war">Range wars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Family_feuds_in_the_United_States" title="Family feuds in the United States">feuds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cochise_County_in_the_Old_West" title="Cochise County in the Old West">Earp-Clanton feud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_County_War" title="Johnson County War">Johnson County War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County_War" title="Lincoln County War">Lincoln County War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_County_War" title="Mason County War">Mason County War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasant_Valley_War" title="Pleasant Valley War">Pleasant Valley War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheep_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheep Wars">Sheep Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton%E2%80%93Taylor_feud" title="Sutton–Taylor feud">Sutton–Taylor feud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arizona_Rangers" title="List of Arizona Rangers">Arizona Rangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_American_frontier" title="Bibliography of the American frontier">Bibliography of the American frontier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cowboys_and_cowgirls" title="List of cowboys and cowgirls">Cowboys and cowgirls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Old_West_gangs" title="List of Old West gangs">Gangs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_towns_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ghost towns in the United States">Ghost towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Old_West_gunfights" title="List of Old West gunfights">Gunfights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Old_West_lawmen" title="List of Old West lawmen">Lawmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_men" title="List of mountain men">Mountain men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Old_West_gunfighters" title="List of Old West gunfighters">Outlaws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_American_Old_West" title="Timeline of the American Old West">Timeline of the American Old West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Western_United_States" title="Cuisine of the Western United States">Cuisine of the Western United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuckwagon" title="Chuckwagon">Chuckwagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_California" title="Cuisine of California">Californian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_cuisine_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous cuisine of the Americas">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexican_cuisine" title="New Mexican cuisine">New Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_chile" title="New Mexico chile">New Mexico chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_cuisine" title="Pacific Northwest cuisine">Pacific Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_oysters" title="Rocky Mountain oysters">Rocky Mountain oysters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tex-Mex" title="Tex-Mex">Tex-Mex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Western" title="Gothic Western">Gothic Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">Western genre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_lifestyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Western lifestyle">Western lifestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_music_(North_America)" title="Western music (North America)">Western music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_music" title="New Mexico music">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Dirt_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Dirt (music)">Red Dirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_country_music" title="Texas country music">Texas country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_wear" title="Western wear">Western wear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_boot" title="Cowboy boot">Cowboy boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_hat" title="Cowboy hat">Cowboy hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans">Jeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snap_fastener" title="Snap fastener">Snap fastener</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Places6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Alaska" title="Department of Alaska">Alaska</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iditarod,_Alaska" title="Iditarod, Alaska">Iditarod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nome,_Alaska" title="Nome, Alaska">Nome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seward,_Alaska" title="Seward, Alaska">Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skagway,_Alaska" title="Skagway, Alaska">Skagway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Territory" title="Arizona Territory">Arizona Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canyon_Diablo,_Arizona" title="Canyon Diablo, Arizona">Canyon Diablo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Grant,_Arizona" title="Fort Grant, Arizona">Fort Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prescott,_Arizona" title="Prescott, Arizona">Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tombstone,_Arizona" title="Tombstone, Arizona">Tombstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Window_Rock,_Arizona" title="Window Rock, Arizona">Window Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuma,_Arizona" title="Yuma, Arizona">Yuma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_California" title="History of California">California</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_California" title="Jamestown, California">Jamestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Colorado" title="History of Colorado">Colorado</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creede,_Colorado" title="Creede, Colorado">Creede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telluride,_Colorado" title="Telluride, Colorado">Telluride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad,_Colorado" title="Trinidad, Colorado">Trinidad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dakota_Territory" title="Dakota Territory">Dakota Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadwood,_South_Dakota" title="Deadwood, South Dakota">Deadwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">Fargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Yates,_North_Dakota" title="Fort Yates, North Dakota">Fort Yates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Ridge_Indian_Reservation" title="Pine Ridge Indian Reservation">Pine Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_City,_South_Dakota" title="Rapid City, South Dakota">Rapid City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Rock_Indian_Reservation" title="Standing Rock Indian Reservation">Standing Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yankton,_South_Dakota" title="Yankton, South Dakota">Yankton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Florida_Territory" title="Florida Territory">Florida Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angola,_Florida" title="Angola, Florida">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negro_Fort" title="Negro Fort">Negro Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pensacola,_Florida" title="History of Pensacola, Florida">Pensacola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect_Bluff_Historic_Sites" title="Prospect Bluff Historic Sites">Prospect Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_St._Augustine,_Florida" title="History of St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marcos_de_Apalache_Historic_State_Park" title="San Marcos de Apalache Historic State Park">St. Marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tallahassee,_Florida" title="History of Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Territory" title="Idaho Territory">Idaho Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Boise" title="Fort Boise">Fort Boise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Hall" title="Fort Hall">Fort Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Illinois" title="History of Illinois">Illinois</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Dearborn" title="Fort Dearborn">Fort Dearborn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kansas" title="History of Kansas">Kansas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abilene,_Kansas" title="Abilene, Kansas">Abilene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodge_City,_Kansas" title="Dodge City, Kansas">Dodge City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellsworth,_Kansas" title="Ellsworth, Kansas">Ellsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hays,_Kansas" title="Hays, Kansas">Hays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leavenworth,_Kansas" title="Leavenworth, Kansas">Leavenworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Missouri" title="History of Missouri">Missouri</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independence,_Missouri" title="Independence, Missouri">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a></li></ul> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Montana_Territory" title="Montana Territory">Montana Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billings,_Montana" title="Billings, Montana">Billings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozeman,_Montana" title="Bozeman, Montana">Bozeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer_Lodge,_Montana" title="Deer Lodge, Montana">Deer Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Benton,_Montana" title="Fort Benton, Montana">Fort Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Peck,_Montana" title="Fort Peck, Montana">Fort Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena,_Montana" title="Helena, Montana">Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston,_Montana" title="Livingston, Montana">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missoula,_Montana" title="Missoula, Montana">Missoula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_City,_Montana" title="Virginia City, Montana">Virginia City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nebraska" title="History of Nebraska">Nebraska</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chadron,_Nebraska" title="Chadron, Nebraska">Chadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Atkinson_(Nebraska)" title="Fort Atkinson (Nebraska)">Fort Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Robinson" title="Fort Robinson">Fort Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_City,_Nebraska" title="Nebraska City, Nebraska">Nebraska City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogallala,_Nebraska" title="Ogallala, Nebraska">Ogallala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentine,_Nebraska" title="Valentine, Nebraska">Valentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiteclay,_Nebraska" title="Whiteclay, Nebraska">Whiteclay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nevada" title="History of Nevada">Nevada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carson_City,_Nevada" title="Carson City, Nevada">Carson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_City,_Nevada" title="Virginia City, Nevada">Virginia City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reno,_Nevada" title="Reno, Nevada">Reno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">New Mexico Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamogordo,_New_Mexico" title="Alamogordo, New Mexico">Alamogordo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimarron,_New_Mexico" title="Cimarron, New Mexico">Cimarron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Sumner,_New_Mexico" title="Fort Sumner, New Mexico">Fort Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallup,_New_Mexico" title="Gallup, New Mexico">Gallup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas,_New_Mexico" title="Las Vegas, New Mexico">Las Vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_New_Mexico" title="Lincoln, New Mexico">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesilla,_New_Mexico" title="Mesilla, New Mexico">Mesilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogollon,_New_Mexico" title="Mogollon, New Mexico">Mogollon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roswell,_New_Mexico" title="Roswell, New Mexico">Roswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucumcari,_New_Mexico" title="Tucumcari, New Mexico">Tucumcari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Territory" title="Oklahoma Territory">Oklahoma Territory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broken_Arrow,_Oklahoma" title="Broken Arrow, Oklahoma">Broken Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Gibson" title="Fort Gibson">Fort Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Sill" title="Fort Sill">Fort Sill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okmulgee,_Oklahoma" title="Okmulgee, Oklahoma">Okmulgee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawhuska,_Oklahoma" title="Pawhuska, Oklahoma">Pawhuska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahlequah,_Oklahoma" title="Tahlequah, Oklahoma">Tahlequah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishomingo,_Oklahoma" title="Tishomingo, Oklahoma">Tishomingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuskahoma,_Oklahoma" title="Tuskahoma, Oklahoma">Tuskahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wewoka,_Oklahoma" title="Wewoka, Oklahoma">Wewoka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Territory" title="Oregon Territory">Oregon Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astoria,_Oregon" title="Astoria, Oregon">Astoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dalles,_Oregon" title="The Dalles, Oregon">The Dalles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Grande,_Oregon" title="La Grande, Oregon">La Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMinnville,_Oregon" title="McMinnville, Oregon">McMinnville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_City,_Oregon" title="Oregon City, Oregon">Oregon City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Oregon" title="Salem, Oregon">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vale,_Oregon" title="Vale, Oregon">Vale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Texas" title="History of Texas">Texas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abilene,_Texas" title="Abilene, Texas">Abilene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzales,_Texas" title="Gonzales, Texas">Gonzales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubbock,_Texas" title="Lubbock, Texas">Lubbock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Washington_Territory" title="Washington Territory">Washington Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Everett,_Washington" title="Everett, Washington">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Townsend,_Washington" title="Port Townsend, Washington">Port Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vancouver,_Washington" title="Vancouver, Washington">Vancouver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Territory" title="Wyoming Territory">Wyoming Territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Bridger" title="Fort Bridger">Fort Bridger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Laramie_National_Historic_Site" title="Fort Laramie National Historic Site">Fort Laramie</a></li></ul> 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> (1521–1821)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Conflicts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Guatemala" title="Spanish conquest of Guatemala">Spanish conquest of Guatemala</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Spanish conquest of Yucatán">Spanish conquest of Yucatán</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585%E2%80%931604)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)">Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1625%E2%80%931630)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1625–1630)">Anglo-Spanish War (1625–1630)</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Revolt">Dutch Revolt</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1654%E2%80%931660)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)">Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Caribbean" title="Piracy in the Caribbean">Piracy in the Caribbean</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Queen Anne's War">Queen Anne's War</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Jenkins%27_Ear" title="War of Jenkins' Ear">War of Jenkins' Ear</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1762%E2%80%931763)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1762–1763)">Seven Years' War</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_and_the_American_Revolutionary_War" title="Spain and the American Revolutionary War">Spain and the American Revolutionary War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts with indigenous peoples during colonial rule</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mixt%C3%B3n_War" title="Mixtón War">Mixtón War</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui_Wars" title="Yaqui Wars">Yaqui Wars</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichimeca_War" title="Chichimeca War">Chichimeca War</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_revolts_against_Spain" title="Philippine revolts against Spain">Philippine revolts against Spain</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acaxee_Rebellion" title="Acaxee Rebellion">Acaxee Rebellion</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93Moro_conflict" title="Spanish–Moro conflict">Spanish–Moro conflict</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acoma_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Acoma Massacre">Acoma Massacre</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepehu%C3%A1n_Revolt" title="Tepehuán Revolt">Tepehuán Revolt</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzeltal_Rebellion_of_1712" title="Tzeltal Rebellion of 1712">Tzeltal Rebellion</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revolt" title="Pueblo Revolt">Pueblo Revolt</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pima_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Pima Revolt">Pima Revolt</a> →</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence" title="Spanish American wars of independence">Spanish American wars of independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central government and administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Habsburg Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Castile" title="Joanna of Castile">Joanna of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Philp III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain">Charles II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Spain" title="Enlightenment in Spain">Bourbon Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V</a> (also reigned after Louis I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Spain" title="Louis I of Spain">Louis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VI_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VI of Spain">Ferdinand VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Charles IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VII of Spain">Ferdinand VII of Spain</a> (also reigned after <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph I</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Viceroys of New Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_viceroys_of_New_Spain" title="List of viceroys of New Spain">List of viceroys of New Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia" title="Real Audiencia">Audiencias</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Audiencia_of_Guadalajara" title="Royal Audiencia of Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Guatemala" title="Captaincy General of Guatemala">Captaincy General of Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Manila" title="Real Audiencia of Manila">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Mexico" title="Real Audiencia of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Captaincy General">Captancies General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Guatemala" title="Captaincy General of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Captaincy General of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Captaincy General of Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Captaincy General of Yucatán">Yucatán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincias_Internas" title="Provincias Internas">Provincias Internas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indendancies_of_New_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Indendancies of New Spain">Intendancy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Havana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Mexico" title="State of Mexico">State of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiapas" title="Chiapas">Chiapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comayagua" title="Comayagua">Comayagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Nicaragua" title="León, Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camag%C3%BCey" title="Camagüey">Camagüey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanajuato" title="Guanajuato">Guanajuato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michoac%C3%A1n" title="Michoacán">Valladolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas">Zacatecas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD" title="San Luis Potosí">San Luis Potosí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veracruz" title="Veracruz">Veracruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebla" title="Puebla">Puebla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oaxaca" title="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durango" title="Durango">Durango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonora" title="Sonora">Sonora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Mérida, Yucatán">Mérida, Yucatán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">La Florida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">Viceroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate" title="Governorate">Gobernaciones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelantado" title="Adelantado">Adelantado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_general" title="Captain general">Captain general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corregidor_(position)" title="Corregidor (position)">Corregidor (position)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabildo_(council)" title="Cabildo (council)">Cabildo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encomienda" title="Encomienda">Encomienda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" title="Treaty of Tordesillas">Treaty of Tordesillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zaragoza" title="Treaty of Zaragoza">Treaty of Zaragoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Ryswick" title="Peace of Ryswick">Peace of Ryswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Utrecht" title="Peace of Utrecht">Peace of Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Breda" title="Congress of Breda">Congress of Breda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fontainebleau_(1762)" title="Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)">Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris (1783)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Treaty of Córdoba">Treaty of Córdoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty" title="Adams–Onís Treaty">Adams–Onís Treaty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable cities, provinces, and territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mexico_City" title="History of Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Veracruz_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Veracruz (city)">Veracruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xalapa" title="Xalapa">Xalapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebla_(city)" title="Puebla (city)">Puebla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toluca" title="Toluca">Toluca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuernavaca" title="Cuernavaca">Cuernavaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oaxaca_City" title="Oaxaca City">Oaxaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morelia" title="Morelia">Morelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acapulco" title="Acapulco">Acapulco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campeche_(city)" title="Campeche (city)">Campeche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Mérida, Yucatán">Mérida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalajara" title="Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durango_(city)" title="Durango (city)">Durango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterrey" title="Monterrey">Monterrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Guanajuato" title="León, Guanajuato">León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanajuato_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Guanajuato City">Guanajuato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacatecas_(city)" title="Zacatecas (city)">Zacatecas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachuca" title="Pachuca">Pachuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quer%C3%A9taro_(city)" title="Querétaro (city)">Querétaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltillo" title="Saltillo">Saltillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD_(city)" title="San Luis Potosí (city)">San Luis Potosí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_de_Los_%C3%81ngeles" title="Pueblo de Los Ángeles">Los Ángeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerba_Buena,_California" title="Yerba Buena, California">Yerba Buena (San Francisco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_San_Jose,_California#First_Spanish_pueblo_in_California" title="History of San Jose, California">San José</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidio_of_San_Diego" title="Presidio of San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Adaes" title="Los Adaes">Los Adaes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_San_Antonio" title="History of San Antonio">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensacola,_Florida" title="Pensacola, Florida">Pensacola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Havana" title="History of Havana">Havana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Santo_Domingo" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_Guatemala" title="Antigua Guatemala">Antigua Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Manila" title="History of Manila">Manila</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provinces and territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">La Florida</a> (<a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Las_Californias" title="Province of Las Californias">Las Californias</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a> (<a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baja_California_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Baja California Province">Baja California</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_de_Nuevo_M%C3%A9xico" title="Santa Fe de Nuevo México">Santa Fe de Nuevo México</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">New Mexico</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Texas" title="Spanish Texas">Tejas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Galicia" title="Nueva Galicia">Nueva Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Vizcaya" title="Nueva Vizcaya">Nueva Vizcaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Extremadura" title="Nueva Extremadura">Nueva Extremadura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n" title="New Kingdom of León">New Kingdom of León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampanga" title="Pampanga">Pampanga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Formosa" title="Spanish Formosa">Spanish Formosa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Explorers, adventurers and conquistadors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-New Spain explorers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Sebasti%C3%A1n_Elcano" title="Juan Sebastián Elcano">Juan Sebastián Elcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasco_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_de_Balboa" title="Vasco Núñez de Balboa">Vasco Núñez de Balboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez_de_Cu%C3%A9llar" title="Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar">Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Explorers and <a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador">conquistadors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Hernán Cortés">Hernán Cortés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Juan Ponce de León">Juan Ponce de León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu%C3%B1o_de_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Nuño de Guzmán">Nuño de Guzmán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernal_D%C3%ADaz_del_Castillo" title="Bernal Díaz del Castillo">Bernal Díaz del Castillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Alvarado" title="Pedro de Alvarado">Pedro de Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1nfilo_de_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Pánfilo de Narváez">Pánfilo de Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernando_de_Soto" title="Hernando de Soto">Hernando de Soto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_V%C3%A1zquez_de_Coronado" title="Francisco Vázquez de Coronado">Francisco Vázquez de Coronado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Cabrillo" title="Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo">Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi" title="Miguel López de Legazpi">Miguel López de Legazpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_de_Villafa%C3%B1e" title="Ángel de Villafañe">Ángel de Villafañe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvar_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_Cabeza_de_Vaca" title="Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca">Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Men%C3%A9ndez_de_Avil%C3%A9s" title="Pedro Menéndez de Avilés">Pedro Menéndez de Avilés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Carvajal_y_de_la_Cueva" title="Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva">Luis de Carvajal y de la Cueva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_O%C3%B1ate" title="Juan de Oñate">Juan de Oñate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_P%C3%A9rez_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="Juan José Pérez Hernández">Juan José Pérez Hernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Portol%C3%A1" title="Gaspar de Portolá">Gaspar de Portolá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Quimper" title="Manuel Quimper">Manuel Quimper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_de_O%C3%B1ate" title="Cristóbal de Oñate">Cristóbal de Oñate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_de_Urdaneta" title="Andrés de Urdaneta">Andrés de Urdaneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruy_L%C3%B3pez_de_Villalobos" title="Ruy López de Villalobos">Ruy López de Villalobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez_de_Cu%C3%A9llar" title="Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar">Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Hern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_(Yucat%C3%A1n_conquistador)" title="Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (Yucatán conquistador)">Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (Yucatán conquistador)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Hern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_(founder_of_Nicaragua)" title="Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (founder of Nicaragua)">Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (founder of Nicaragua)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Gonz%C3%A1lez_D%C3%A1vila" title="Gil González Dávila">Gil González Dávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Ulloa" title="Francisco de Ulloa">Francisco de Ulloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_P%C3%A9rez_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="Juan José Pérez Hernández">Juan José Pérez Hernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionisio_Alcal%C3%A1_Galiano" title="Dionisio Alcalá Galiano">Dionisio Alcalá Galiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_de_Heceta" title="Bruno de Heceta">Bruno de Heceta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Francisco_de_la_Bodega_y_Quadra" title="Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra">Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Alonso de León">Alonso de León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_de_Arteaga_y_Baz%C3%A1n" title="Ignacio de Arteaga y Bazán">Ignacio de Arteaga y Bazán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Bustamante_y_Guerra" class="mw-redirect" title="José de Bustamante y Guerra">José de Bustamante y Guerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="José María Narváez">José María Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Sarmiento_de_Gamboa" title="Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa">Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gil_Y%27Barbo" title="Antonio Gil Y'Barbo">Antonio Gil Y'Barbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt" title="Alexander von Humboldt">Alexander von Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gage_(priest)" title="Thomas Gage (priest)">Thomas Gage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> in New Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_the_Americas" title="Spanish missions in the Americas">Spanish missions in the Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Arizona" title="Spanish missions in Arizona">Spanish missions in Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Baja_California" title="Spanish missions in Baja California">Spanish missions in Baja California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_California" title="Spanish missions in California">Spanish missions in California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_the_Carolinas" title="Spanish missions in the Carolinas">Spanish missions in the Carolinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish missions in Florida">Spanish missions in Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Georgia" title="Spanish missions in Georgia">Spanish missions in Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish missions in Louisiana">Spanish missions in Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Mexico" title="Spanish missions in Mexico">Spanish missions in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_New_Mexico" title="Spanish missions in New Mexico">Spanish missions in New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_the_Sonoran_Desert" title="Spanish missions in the Sonoran Desert">Spanish missions in the Sonoran Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Texas" title="Spanish missions in Texas">Spanish missions in Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajac%C3%A1n_Mission" title="Ajacán Mission">Spanish missions in Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_Trinidad" title="Spanish missions in Trinidad">Spanish missions in Trinidad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Friars, fathers, priests, and bishops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Gante" title="Pedro de Gante">Pedro de Gante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ger%C3%B3nimo_de_Aguilar" title="Gerónimo de Aguilar">Gerónimo de Aguilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toribio_de_Benavente_Motolinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Toribio de Benavente Motolinia">Toribio de Benavente Motolinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardino_de_Sahag%C3%BAn" title="Bernardino de Sahagún">Bernardino de Sahagún</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Zum%C3%A1rraga" title="Juan de Zumárraga">Juan de Zumárraga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Mont%C3%BAfar" title="Alonso de Montúfar">Alonso de Montúfar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasco_de_Quiroga" title="Vasco de Quiroga">Vasco de Quiroga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas" title="Bartolomé de las Casas">Bartolomé de las Casas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Molina" title="Alonso de Molina">Alonso de Molina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Dur%C3%A1n" title="Diego Durán">Diego Durán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Landa" title="Diego de Landa">Diego de Landa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ger%C3%B3nimo_de_Mendieta" title="Gerónimo de Mendieta">Gerónimo de Mendieta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fray_Juan_de_Torquemada" title="Fray Juan de Torquemada">Juan de Torquemada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Palafox_y_Mendoza" title="Juan de Palafox y Mendoza">Juan de Palafox y Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_de_Sig%C3%BCenza_y_G%C3%B3ngora" title="Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora">Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebio_Kino" title="Eusebio Kino">Eusebio Kino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Javier_Clavijero" title="Francisco Javier Clavijero">Francisco Javier Clavijero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Pal%C3%B3u" title="Francisco Palóu">Francisco Palóu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferm%C3%ADn_de_Lasu%C3%A9n" title="Fermín de Lasuén">Fermín de Lasuén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esteban_T%C3%A1pis" title="Esteban Tápis">Esteban Tápis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Francisco_de_Paula_Se%C3%B1an" title="José Francisco de Paula Señan">José Francisco de Paula Señan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari%C3%A0_Paieres_i_Borr%C3%A0s" title="Marià Paieres i Borràs">Mariano Payeras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Montero" title="Sebastián Montero">Sebastián Montero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_de_Niza" title="Marcos de Niza">Marcos de Niza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Ayeta" title="Francisco de Ayeta">Francisco de Ayeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Margil" title="Antonio Margil">Antonio Margil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Marroqu%C3%ADn" title="Francisco Marroquín">Francisco Marroquín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Abad_y_Queipo" title="Manuel Abad y Queipo">Manuel Abad y Queipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Hidalgo_y_Costilla" title="Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla">Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Morelos" title="José María Morelos">José María Morelos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Guadalupe" title="Our Lady of Guadalupe">Our Lady of Guadalupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_the_Society_of_Jesus" title="Suppression of the Society of Jesus">Suppression of the Jesuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_mission_clash_of_cultures" title="California mission clash of cultures">California mission clash of cultures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_system" title="Cargo system">Cargo system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Reductions" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Reductions">Indian Reductions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mesoamerican</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztecs" title="Aztecs">Aztecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_peoples" title="Maya peoples">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huastec_people" title="Huastec people">Huastec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtec" title="Mixtec">Mixtec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarascan_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarascan state">P'urhépecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totonac" title="Totonac">Totonac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipil_people" title="Pipil people">Pipil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowoj" title="Kowoj">Kowoj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCiche%CA%BC_people" title="Kʼicheʼ people">Kʼicheʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaqchikel_people" title="Kaqchikel people">Kaqchikel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_peoples" title="Zapotec peoples">Zapotec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poqomam_people" title="Poqomam people">Poqomam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mam_people" title="Mam people">Mam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arawak" title="Arawak">Arawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciboney" title="Ciboney">Ciboney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanahatabey" title="Guanahatabey">Guanahatabey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_California" title="Indigenous peoples of California">California</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Indians" title="Mission Indians">Mission Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahuilla" title="Cahuilla">Cahuilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumash_people" title="Chumash people">Chumash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupe%C3%B1o" title="Cupeño">Cupeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juane%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Juaneño">Juaneño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay" title="Kumeyaay">Kumeyaay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luise%C3%B1o" title="Luiseño">Luiseño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwok" title="Miwok">Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohave_people" title="Mohave people">Mohave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohlone" title="Ohlone">Ohlone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serrano_people" title="Serrano people">Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongva" title="Tongva">Tongva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oasisamerica" title="Oasisamerica">Oasisamerica (Southwest US)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akimel_O%27odham" title="Akimel O'odham">Akimel O'odham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopi" title="Hopi">Hopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hualapai" title="Hualapai">Hualapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo" title="Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebloans" class="mw-redirect" title="Puebloans">Pueblo peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quechan" title="Quechan">Quechan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solano_people" title="Solano people">Solano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tohono_O%27odham" class="mw-redirect" title="Tohono O'odham">Tohono O'odham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_people" title="Zuni people">Zuni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aridoamerica" title="Aridoamerica">Aridoamerica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acaxee" title="Acaxee">Acaxee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichimeca" title="Chichimeca">Chichimeca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coahuiltecan" title="Coahuiltecan">Coahuiltecan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochim%C3%AD" title="Cochimí">Cochimí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocopah" title="Cocopah">Cocopah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiliwa_people" title="Kiliwa people">Kiliwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Junta_Indians" title="La Junta Indians">La Junta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opata_people" title="Opata people">Opata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tepehu%C3%A1n" title="Tepehuán">Tepehuán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui" title="Yaqui">Yaqui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Plains" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Plains">Southern Plains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caddo" title="Caddo">Caddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipan_Apache" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipan Apache">Lipan Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plains_Apache" title="Plains Apache">Plains Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkawa" title="Tonkawa">Tonkawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita_people" title="Wichita people">Wichita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Southeastern_Woodlands" title="Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands">Southeastern Woodlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sites_and_peoples_visited_by_the_Hernando_de_Soto_Expedition" title="List of sites and peoples visited by the Hernando de Soto Expedition">Indigenous people during De Soto's travels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apalachee" title="Apalachee">Apalachee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calusa" title="Calusa">Calusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscogee" title="Muscogee">Muscogee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jororo" class="mw-redirect" title="Jororo">Jororo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensacola_people" title="Pensacola people">Pensacola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole" title="Seminole">Seminole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timucua" title="Timucua">Timucua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yustaga" title="Yustaga">Yustaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Filipinos" title="Filipinos">Filipinos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Negrito" title="Negrito">Negrito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igorot_people" title="Igorot people">Igorot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangyan" title="Mangyan">Mangyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples_of_Palawan" title="Peoples of Palawan">Peoples of Palawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ati_people" title="Ati people">Ati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panay" title="Panay">Panay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumad" title="Lumad">Lumad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajau_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bajau people">Bajau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebuano_people" title="Cebuano people">Cebuano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Taiwanese indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Spanish Colonial style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_Colonial_architecture_by_country" title="Category:Spanish Colonial architecture by country">by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Baroque_architecture_in_the_Spanish_Empire" title="Category:Baroque architecture in the Spanish Empire">Colonial Baroque style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_colonial_fortifications" title="Category:Spanish colonial fortifications">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spanish_missions_in_the_Americas" title="Category:Spanish missions in the Americas">Missions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trade and economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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title="Castizo">Castizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholo" title="Cholo">Coyotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto">Pardos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambo" title="Zambo">Zambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">Negros</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_de_Anza" title="Juan Bautista de Anza">Juan Bautista de Anza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Cabrillo" title="Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo">Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Hidalgo_y_Costilla" title="Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla">Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebio_Kino" title="Eusebio Kino">Eusebio Kino</a></li> <li><a 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data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" >New Mexico</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"> </a> 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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 191 languages </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Add topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-75687f9f4b-tjtmb","wgBackendResponseTime":764,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"4.673","walltime":"5.414","ppvisitednodes":{"value":54054,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1580940,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":200712,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":100,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1824838,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 4376.024 1 -total"," 52.02% 2276.459 2 Template:Reflist"," 27.57% 1206.671 324 Template:Cite_web"," 7.91% 345.933 1 Template:Infobox_U.S._state"," 7.81% 341.689 1 Template:Infobox_settlement"," 7.31% 319.702 2 Template:Infobox"," 5.79% 253.319 55 Template:Cite_book"," 4.40% 192.561 50 Template:Cite_news"," 4.40% 192.333 29 Template:PresRow"," 4.39% 192.063 2 Template:Harvnb"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.699","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":27877515,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREF2010_Census_Data\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAFP2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlberta2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArellano2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArellano2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArts2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAssociated_Press2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBatchelder2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBecker2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBell\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBillsVigil2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlaszak2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBroh1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBy2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCahill2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCain2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCao2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCasey2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChavezCisneros\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChief2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFChimalpahin_Quauhtlehuanitzin2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChokshi2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChris_EricksonErin_Ward2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristine2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClausing\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCobarrubiasFishman1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollegeNETCollegeNET\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrawford1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrutchfield1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCutress2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCzar2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavis2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiaz2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDoland2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDomrzalski2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDorin2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElizondo2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEnglish2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFeith2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFischer2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFjeld2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFleming2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGalvin2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGibsonConnell2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGomez2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGomez2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGomez2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGomez2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrabowskaMomaday2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrimm2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGunnersonGunnerson1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHainsfurther2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHay\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHedden\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHendricks2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHendrickson2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerron2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerron2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHill\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHillner\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoffower\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHogan2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolmes2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHornung2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHunterAmerican_Association_of_Colleges_for_Teacher_Education1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInterns2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInterns2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIvey2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ._Pomante_IILi2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJames2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJamison2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJanofsky1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJessica_Dyer2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoseph2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaye2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeates2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrajewski2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKurtz2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaineLaine2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLamadrid1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLarese2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLazellPayne2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLecompte1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeip,_David\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevin-Rojo2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLinthicum2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLorenz2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoughead\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoughead2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLowrey2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMSFC\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaliskas2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMazurek2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcClain2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDevitt\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKay2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKay2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMckayPerea2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerriam_Bailey1928\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMexican2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMillsTaylor_Museum\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontoya_Bryan\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMontoya_Bryan2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurphy2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuska2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMyrick1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNRA-ILAAssociation\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNealson2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNelson2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNew_MexicoNew_Mexico_Compilation_Commission1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNoel2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorrisVinesHoeffel2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNostrand1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNow2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOhtake2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOropeza2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOrton2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOstermeier2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPadilla2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPerea\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeterson\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPoling2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPreston2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFProctor2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReichbach2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReynisMarshall_J._Vest2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReynolds2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRezal2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichards2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoberts2006\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRobertson2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobinson-Avila2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobinson-Avila2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobinson-Avila2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRockmanSteele2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRomero2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRomeroGoldstein2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRomeroRios2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanchez1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanchez2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSandbergWeissman1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchoen2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSecord2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSector2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSegarra2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeymore2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShacklette2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShapland2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShukman2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimmons1988\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSimmons1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimmons2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSisson2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSohm2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSonnad2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaff2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteele1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStewart2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrykowski2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuina\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSutter2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwentzellPerea2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSánchezSpudeGómez2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFT._S._Last2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTanis2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_Santa_Fe_New_Mexican2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompsonDunn2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomson-DeVeaux2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_Holtby2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVasquez1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVickers2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVin2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWashington2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeber1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeideman2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeigel2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWells\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWheelwright2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_Aragón2020\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 29,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"American frontier\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite AV media notes\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite act\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 55,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite episode\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 9,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 50,\n [\"Cite ngs\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 324,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Col-3\"] = 2,\n [\"Col-begin\"] = 1,\n [\"Col-end\"] = 1,\n [\"Collapsible list\"] = 1,\n [\"Columns-list\"] = 2,\n [\"Conv\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 25,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 2,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"Endplainlist\"] = 2,\n [\"For timeline\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 2,\n [\"IPA\"] = 2,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 10,\n [\"IncreaseNeutral\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox U.S. state\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox region symbols\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 3,\n [\"Largest cities\"] = 1,\n [\"Leftlegend\"] = 2,\n [\"Legend\"] = 18,\n [\"Main\"] = 11,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Native name\"] = 2,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"New Mexico\"] = 1,\n [\"New Spain\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 8,\n [\"Osmrelation-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Overly detailed\"] = 1,\n [\"Party color cell\"] = 4,\n [\"Pbox\"] = 1,\n [\"Pie chart\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 2,\n [\"Pp\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"PresFoot\"] = 1,\n [\"PresHead\"] = 1,\n [\"PresRow\"] = 28,\n [\"Protected areas of New Mexico\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Refn\"] = 2,\n [\"Round\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 26,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 1,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 1,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 16,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Snd\"] = 17,\n [\"Spaces\"] = 10,\n [\"TOC limit\"] = 1,\n [\"US Census population\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 3,\n [\"United States political divisions\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"User-generated source\"] = 1,\n [\"Very long\"] = 1,\n [\"Weather box\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 32,\n [\"Western United States\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","620","22.0"],["dataWrapper 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