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type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-生平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>生平</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-生平-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关生平子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-生平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-犹太人地下组织" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#犹太人地下组织"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>犹太人地下组织</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-犹太人地下组织-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-阿尔塔列纳事件和第一次中东战争" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#阿尔塔列纳事件和第一次中东战争"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>阿尔塔列纳事件和第一次中东战争</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-阿尔塔列纳事件和第一次中东战争-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-政治生涯" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政治生涯"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>政治生涯</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-政治生涯-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关政治生涯子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-政治生涯-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-反对派时期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#反对派时期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>反对派时期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-反对派时期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-加哈尔集团" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#加哈尔集团"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>加哈尔集团</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-加哈尔集团-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-利库德集团" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#利库德集团"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>利库德集团</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-利库德集团-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-以色列总理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#以色列总理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>以色列总理</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-以色列总理-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关以色列总理子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-以色列总理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1977年大选" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1977年大选"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>1977年大选</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1977年大选-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-社会经济政策" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#社会经济政策"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>社会经济政策</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-社会经济政策-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-戴维营和谈" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#戴维营和谈"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>戴维营和谈</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-戴维营和谈-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-空袭伊拉克核反应堆" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#空袭伊拉克核反应堆"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>空袭伊拉克核反应堆</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-空袭伊拉克核反应堆-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-入侵黎巴嫩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#入侵黎巴嫩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>入侵黎巴嫩</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-入侵黎巴嫩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-贝鲁特难民营大屠杀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#贝鲁特难民营大屠杀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.1</span> <span>贝鲁特难民营大屠杀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-贝鲁特难民营大屠杀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-退休" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#退休"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>退休</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-退休-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-去世" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#去世"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>去世</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-去世-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-作品中形象" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#作品中形象"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>作品中形象</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-作品中形象-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-出版书籍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#出版书籍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>出版书籍</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-出版书籍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-扩展阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#扩展阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>扩展阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-扩展阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关外部链接子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-官方资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#官方资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>官方资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-官方资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>其他链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">梅纳赫姆·贝京</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。78种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%86" title="مناحم بيجن – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مناحم بيجن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%86" title="مناحيم بيجن – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مناحيم بيجن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menaxem_Begin" title="Menaxem Begin – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Menaxem Begin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Менахем Бегин – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Менахем Бегин" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Менахем Бегін – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Менахем Бегін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Мэнахем Бэгін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэнахем Бэгін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Менахем Бегин – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Менахем Бегин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="মেনাখেম বেগিন – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মেনাখেম বেগিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menahem_Begin" title="Menahem Begin – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Menahem Begin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menahem_Begu%C3%ADn" title="Menahem Beguín – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Menahem Beguín" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%AD%CE%BC_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD" title="Μεναχέμ Μπέγκιν – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεναχέμ Μπέγκιν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mena%C4%A5em_Begin" title="Menaĥem Begin – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Menaĥem Begin" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men%C3%A1jem_Begu%C3%ADn" title="Menájem Beguín – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Menájem Beguín" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mena%E1%BA%96em_Begin" title="Menaẖem Begin – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Menaẖem Begin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menahem_Begin" title="Menahem Begin – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Menahem Begin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%85_%D8%A8%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="مناخم بگین – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مناخم بگین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menahem_Begin" title="Menahem Begin – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Menahem Begin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachim_Begin" title="Menachim Begin – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Menachim Begin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9F" title="מנחם בגין – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מנחם בגין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="मेनाकेम बेगिन – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मेनाकेम बेगिन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menahem_Begin" title="Menahem Begin – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Menahem Begin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men%C3%A1h%C3%A9m_Beg%C3%ADn" title="Menáhém Begín – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Menáhém Begín" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A5%D5%B4_%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Մենախեմ Բեգին – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մենախեմ Բեգին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%8A%E3%83%98%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%99%E3%82%AE%E3%83%B3" title="メナヘム・ベギン – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メナヘム・ベギン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მენახემ ბეგინი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მენახემ ბეგინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%82%98%ED%97%B4_%EB%B2%A0%EA%B8%B4" title="메나헴 베긴 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메나헴 베긴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menaxem_Beg%C3%AEn" title="Menaxem Begîn – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Menaxem Begîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Менахем Бегин – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Менахем Бегин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menahems_Begins" title="Menahems Begins – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Menahems Begins" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menahem_Begin" title="Menahem Begin – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Menahem Begin" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Менахем Бегин – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Менахем Бегин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Менахем Бегин – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Менахем Бегин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="मेनाकेम बेगिन – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मेनाकेम बेगिन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%85_%D8%A8%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="مناخم بگین – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مناخم بگین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8" title="ਮਾਨਾਕੇਮ ਬੇਗਿਨ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਨਾਕੇਮ ਬੇਗਿਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DA%86%D9%85_%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86" title="منچم بیگن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="منچم بیگن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menahem_Beghin" title="Menahem Beghin – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Menahem Beghin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Бегин, Менахем – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бегин, Менахем" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menahem_Begin" title="Menahem Begin – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Menahem Begin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menahem_Begin" title="Menahem Begin – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Menahem Begin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Менахем Бегин – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Менахем Бегин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="மெனசெம் பெகின் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மெனசெம் பெகின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Минохим Бегин – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Минохим Бегин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="เมนาเฮม เบกิน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เมนาเฮม เบกิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menahem_Begin" title="Menahem Begin – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Menahem Begin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%B5%D2%91%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Менахем Беґін – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Менахем Беґін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%85_%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86" title="مناخم بیگن – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مناخم بیگن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC" title="梅纳赫姆·贝京 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="梅纳赫姆·贝京" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მენახემ ბეგინი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მენახემ ბეგინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9F" title="מנחם בעגין – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מנחם בעגין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Menachem Begin" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q130873#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" 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td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 120%;"><span class="fn">梅纳赫姆·贝京<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></span><br /><span class="nickname" style="font-size:small;">מְנַחֵם בְּגִין</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Menachem_Begin,_Andrews_AFB,_1978.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Menachem_Begin%2C_Andrews_AFB%2C_1978.JPG/220px-Menachem_Begin%2C_Andrews_AFB%2C_1978.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Menachem_Begin%2C_Andrews_AFB%2C_1978.JPG/330px-Menachem_Begin%2C_Andrews_AFB%2C_1978.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Menachem_Begin%2C_Andrews_AFB%2C_1978.JPG/440px-Menachem_Begin%2C_Andrews_AFB%2C_1978.JPG 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background:lavender;;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列"><img alt="以色列" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> 第6任<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="以色列总理">以色列总理</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none;"><span class="nowrap"><b>任期</b></span><br />1977年6月21日—1983年10月10日</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;">总统</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E9%BD%90%E5%B0%94" title="伊弗雷姆·卡齐尔">伊弗雷姆·卡齐尔</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%BA%B3%E5%86%AF" title="伊扎克·纳冯">伊扎克·纳冯</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E4%BD%90%E5%85%8B" title="哈伊姆·赫尔佐克">哈伊姆·赫尔佐克</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;">前任</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%BE" title="伊扎克·拉宾">伊扎克·拉宾</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="希蒙·佩雷斯">希蒙·佩雷斯</a>（代理）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;">继任</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94" title="伊扎克·沙米尔">伊扎克·沙米尔</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;">个人资料</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">出生</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1913-08-16</span>)</span>1913年8月16日<br /><span class="birthplace"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯"><img alt="俄罗斯" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="俄罗斯帝国">俄罗斯帝国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="布列斯特">布列斯特</a><br />（今屬<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄罗斯</a>）</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">逝世</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1992年3月9日<span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1992歲—03—09</span>)</span>（78歲）<br /><span class="deathplace"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%AB" title="特拉维夫">特拉维夫</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">墓地</th><td class="infobox-data label" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷">耶路撒冷</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%84%E6%A6%84%E5%B1%B1%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%85%AC%E5%A2%93" title="橄榄山犹太公墓">橄欖山猶太公墓</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">政党</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E9%B2%81%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="赫鲁特">赫鲁特</a> <small>(1948–1988)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%BA%93%E5%BE%B7%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="利库德集团">利库德集团</a> <small>(1988–1992)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">配偶</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">阿莉扎（Aliza）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E6%A0%A1" title="母校">母校</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B2%99%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="华沙大学">华沙大学</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">宗教信仰</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">犹太教</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">签名</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Menachem_Begin_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="梅纳赫姆·贝京的签名"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Menachem_Begin_signature.svg/85px-Menachem_Begin_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Menachem_Begin_signature.svg/128px-Menachem_Begin_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Menachem_Begin_signature.svg/170px-Menachem_Begin_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="376" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>梅纳赫姆·贝京</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BE%86%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="希伯來語">希伯來語</a>：<span lang="he" dir="rtl">מְנַחֵם בֵּגִין‬</span>‎，<small>羅馬化：</small><i lang="he-Latn" title="希伯來語羅馬化">Menaḥem Begin</i>，<small>发音：</small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87" title="Help:希伯来语国际音标">[menaˈχem ˈbeɡin]</a></span> <span class="nowrap" style="font-size:85%">（<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/75\/He-Menachem_Begin.ogg\/He-Menachem_Begin.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"He-Menachem Begin.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/75/He-Menachem_Begin.ogg/He-Menachem_Begin.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:He-Menachem_Begin.ogg" title="File:He-Menachem Begin.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>）</span>；1913年8月16日—1992年3月9日），<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a>政治人物、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太人">猶太人</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%BA%93%E5%BE%B7%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="利库德集团">利库德集团</a>的创始人，第6任<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="以色列总理">以色列总理</a>。贝京出生于<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="布列斯特">布列斯特</a>，青年时投身<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%A4%8D%E5%9B%BD%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="犹太复国运动">犹太复国运动</a>，1942年前往<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%A8%97%E7%AE%A1%E5%9C%B0" title="巴勒斯坦託管地">巴勒斯坦託管地</a>，1943年起担任<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AB%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="錫安主義">犹太复國主義</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%96%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="準軍事組織">準軍事組織</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%A1" title="伊尔贡">伊爾貢</a>的領導人，曾领导<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%A1" title="伊尔贡">伊尔贡</a>与英国政府和阿拉伯人进行武装斗争。1948年成立右翼政党<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E9%B2%81%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="赫鲁特">赫鲁特</a>，并成为以色列右翼的代表人物和反对派领袖。1973年，贝京成立了右翼联盟<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%BA%93%E5%BE%B7%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="利库德集团">利库德集团</a>并担任领导人。1977年利库德集团在大选中获胜，贝京担任<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="以色列总理">总理</a>。1978年，贝京由于和埃及总统<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%BE%BE%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="萨达特">萨达特</a>签订了<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%E8%90%A5%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="戴维营协议">戴维营协议</a>，当年与后者一同获得<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔和平奖">诺贝尔和平奖</a>。1981年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%BA%93%E5%BE%B7%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="利库德集团">利库德集团</a>再次在大选中获胜，贝京连任总理。1983年，贝京因为妻子去世、经济危机、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第五次中东战争">黎巴嫩战事</a>以及健康等原因宣布辞职，从此告别政治舞台。1992年3月9日，贝京在特拉维夫去世，享年78岁。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生平"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.B9.B3"></span>生平</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：生平"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BeginBeitar1935.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/BeginBeitar1935.jpg/220px-BeginBeitar1935.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/BeginBeitar1935.jpg/330px-BeginBeitar1935.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/BeginBeitar1935.jpg 2x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="277" /></a><figcaption>贝京于1939年检阅贝塔尔运动成员</figcaption></figure> <p>梅纳赫姆·贝京于1913年8月16日出生于俄罗斯帝国的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="布列斯特">布列斯特</a>（今属<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄罗斯</a>）的一个波兰犹太人家庭，他是家中三个孩子里最小的一个，贝京出生时的助产护士是日後另一位以色列總理<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E9%BE%99" title="阿里埃勒·沙龙">阿里埃勒·沙龙</a>的祖母。<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>贝京的母亲来自当地一个著名的拉比家族，他的父亲是一名木材商，是当地的社区领袖和<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="锡安主义">锡安主义</a>的狂热支持者，也是<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E8%8C%A8%E5%B0%94" title="西奥多·赫茨尔">西奥多·赫茨尔</a>的崇拜者。 </p><p>贝京在他的童年时期接受传统犹太教的学习，他和当地的大多数犹太少年一样都是锡安主义童军的成员。贝京于16岁加入了宣扬锡安主义的青年团体<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E5%A1%94%E7%88%BE" title="貝塔爾">貝塔爾</a>，<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>同时随着<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E6%B3%A2%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" class="mw-redirect" title="苏波战争">苏波战争</a>后布列斯特归属于波兰，贝京进入了波兰政府的学校学习古典文学<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 。 </p><p>贝京在成年后进入<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B2%99%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="华沙大学">华沙大学</a>学习法律，贝京通过学习法律掌握了演讲和辩论的技巧，这些能力是他日后在政坛活跃时重要的个人标志。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 贝京在大学求学期间非常活跃，组织成立了犹太人学生自卫组织对抗校园中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="反犹太主义">反犹主义</a>活动。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 贝京于1935年从华沙大学毕业，贝京在求学期间结识了修正锡安主义理论的创始人<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%BD%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E8%B4%BE%E9%B2%8D%E4%BA%AC%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="泽维·贾鲍京斯基">泽维·贾鲍京斯基</a>，贝京视雅博廷斯基为他的导师。因此贝京在毕业后没有从事法律工作，而是继续投身雅博廷斯基创立的贝塔尔青年组织。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>贝京在贝塔尔组织内部晉升很快，他22岁时在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB" title="克拉科夫">克拉科夫</a>组织了贝塔尔世界大会并在会上发言。1937年，贝京成为了贝塔尔组织波兰分部的负责人，同时还兼任了<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="捷克斯洛伐克">捷克斯洛伐克</a>分部负责人。在他负责波兰分部的期间，他走遍全国积极发展犹太青年加入贝塔尔青年运动。为了省钱，贝京拒绝住在旅馆，只在贝塔尔成员的家中借宿。在一次寻访过程中，贝京结识了房东的女儿、也是他未来的妻子阿莉扎·阿诺德。两人于1939年5月29日结婚，两人共育有三个儿女。<sup id="cite_ref-betar.co.uk_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-betar.co.uk-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>贝京在波兰期间除了积极发展贝塔尔的成员以外，还不断组织波兰犹太人迁居巴勒斯坦地区。1939年8月底，贝京试图组织1500名波兰犹太人偷渡前往<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马尼亚">罗马尼亚</a>，但是未能成功。待贝京返回<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B2%99" title="华沙">华沙</a>后，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="纳粹德国">德国</a>已经开始<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="入侵波兰">入侵波兰</a>，贝京于战争爆发三天后和一些犹太社团领袖逃往波兰东北部<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF" title="维尔纽斯">维尔诺</a>以躲避战祸。然而不久苏联亦<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="苏联入侵波兰">入侵</a>波兰东部，维尔诺于1939年10月28日被苏军占领。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Menachem_Begin_in_September_1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Menachem_Begin_in_September_1940.jpg/220px-Menachem_Begin_in_September_1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Menachem_Begin_in_September_1940.jpg/330px-Menachem_Begin_in_September_1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Menachem_Begin_in_September_1940.jpg/440px-Menachem_Begin_in_September_1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>贝京于1940年被<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%8A%A1%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="内务人民委员部">苏联内务人民委员部</a>逮捕时的照片</figcaption></figure> <p>1940年9月20日，贝京被<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%8A%A1%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="内务人民委员部">苏联内务人民委员会</a>逮捕并被关进监狱，随后蘇方以“英帝国主义间谍”的罪名判处其八年有期徒刑，于1941年1月1日送往俄罗斯北部的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E6%9C%9D%E6%8B%89" title="伯朝拉">伯朝拉</a>劳改营。 </p><p>1941年7月，苏德战争爆发，根据<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="苏联政府">苏联政府</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="波蘭流亡政府">波兰流亡政府</a>签订的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%A7%91%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA-%E9%BA%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A" title="西科尔斯基-麦斯基协定">协议</a>，苏联逐步释放了被关押的波兰战俘和平民。贝京于1942年被释放，他以下士的军衔加入了由安德斯将军组建的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安德斯軍" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anders' Army"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%E8%BB%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安德斯軍（页面不存在）">安德斯軍</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders%27_Army" class="extiw" title="en:Anders' Army"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anders' Army</span></a></span>）</span></span>。随后贝京派赴英国治下的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%A8%97%E7%AE%A1%E5%9C%B0" title="巴勒斯坦託管地">巴勒斯坦托管地</a>，1942年5月贝京通过<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF" title="波斯">波斯</a>抵达<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="巴勒斯坦地区">巴勒斯坦地區</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-haber1978_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-haber1978-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>抵达巴勒斯坦后，贝京和其他波兰籍犹太人一样面临两个选择：继续跟随波兰军队和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="纳粹德国">纳粹德国</a>作战，还是留在巴勒斯坦地区为建立犹太人国家而战。虽然贝京最初倾向于留在波兰军队，但最终还是在犹太准军事组织<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%A1" title="伊尔贡">伊尔贡</a>的成员劝说下改变了主意。安德斯军团的副指挥<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="托卡泽维斯基" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Michał Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E5%8D%A1%E6%B3%BD%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托卡泽维斯基（页面不存在）">托卡泽维斯基</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski" class="extiw" title="en:Michał Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Michał Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski</span></a></span>）</span></span>将军默许了贝京的决定。1942年12月，贝京正式脱离波兰军队加入伊尔贡。<sup id="cite_ref-LeavingAndersArmy_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeavingAndersArmy-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="犹太人大屠杀">犹太人大屠杀</a>期间，贝京的父母和哥哥均不幸遇难。贝京的妻子阿莉扎则幸运的躲过了屠杀，并和他在巴勒斯坦团聚。<sup id="cite_ref-betar.co.uk_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-betar.co.uk-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="犹太人地下组织"><span id=".E7.8A.B9.E5.A4.AA.E4.BA.BA.E5.9C.B0.E4.B8.8B.E7.BB.84.E7.BB.87"></span>犹太人地下组织</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：犹太人地下组织"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AJI_view_846.TIF" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/AJI_view_846.TIF/lossy-page1-220px-AJI_view_846.TIF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/AJI_view_846.TIF/lossy-page1-330px-AJI_view_846.TIF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/AJI_view_846.TIF/lossy-page1-440px-AJI_view_846.TIF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="981" data-file-height="1131" /></a><figcaption>英国驻巴勒斯坦警隊发布的通缉令，贝京的照片位于左上方</figcaption></figure> <p>贝京在巴勒斯坦期间以激进的态度投身<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%A4%8D%E5%9B%BD%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="犹太复国运动">犹太复国运动</a>，他反对<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA%E5%85%9A" title="以色列地工人党">以色列地工人党</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>政府的合作关系。贝京强烈抨击英国政府在欧洲犹太人面临灭顶之灾之时还在限制犹太人移民巴勒斯坦，他认为驱逐英国托管当局并在巴勒斯坦建立<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-disambig" title="犹太国">犹太国</a>才是拯救欧洲犹太同胞的唯一方法。 </p><p>1943年，贝京成为了伊尔贡的领导人，他决定率领伊尔贡以武力打击英国托管当局，逼迫英国离开巴勒斯坦。而当时巴勒斯坦地区的犹太人官方组织<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BB%A3%E5%8A%9E%E5%A4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="犹太代办处">犹太代办处</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="犹太民族会议" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jewish National Council"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="犹太民族会议（页面不存在）">犹太民族会议</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_National_Council" class="extiw" title="en:Jewish National Council"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jewish National Council</span></a></span>）</span></span>及下属的武装组织<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%8A%A0%E7%BA%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="哈加纳">哈加纳</a>均主张避免和英方发生直接冲突，他们均认为英国在战争胜利后肯定会支持犹太人在巴勒斯坦建国。但是贝京认为英国政府早已违背了1917年<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%A6%8F%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="贝尔福宣言">贝尔福宣言</a>里关于支持犹太人建国的承诺，因为英方已经于1939年出台了限制犹太人移民的白皮书以获得<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="阿拉伯人">阿拉伯人</a>的支持。为此贝与犹太代办处决裂，转而与更加激进的锡安主义武装组织<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E5%B8%8C_(%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87)" title="莱希 (组织)">莱希</a>进行合作。 </p><p>贝京详细研究了<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="爱尔兰独立战争">爱尔兰独立战争</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="印度独立运动">印度独立运动</a>的过程，他认为展开广泛的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B8%E5%87%BB%E6%88%98" title="游击战">游击战</a>有助于打击<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>当局的声望，使英方在当地更加不得人心，以此可以获得<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E8%88%92%E5%A4%AB" title="依舒夫">依舒夫</a>的支持。 </p><p>同时贝京也倚重于国际媒体的关注，他表示要让巴勒斯坦变成一个全世界都瞩目的“玻璃屋”以吸引国际关注，创造国际舆论和影响对英国当局施压，以逼迫英国不得不在加强镇压力度和最终撤军之间做出选择，贝京确信英国最终会不堪重负而撤军。此外贝京又将武装攻击的目标限定在英国当局的政府和警察机构，他认为过分攻击英国的军事目标会干扰英国的对德国的作战。<sup id="cite_ref-Bell_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1944年2月1日，伊尔贡宣布起事。12天后，伊尔贡成员炸毁了位于<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷">耶路撒冷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%AB" title="特拉维夫">特拉维夫</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B3%95" title="海法">海法</a>三个城市的英国当局移民机构辦事處，同时避免了人员伤亡。随后伊尔贡又攻击了上述三个城市的英国税务机关和警察局，造成2名伊尔贡成员和6名警察丧生。与此同时，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E5%B8%8C_(%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87)" title="莱希 (组织)">莱希</a>也展开了对英国警察的袭击。<sup id="cite_ref-Bell_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 整个1944年，伊尔贡和莱希的暴力活动愈演愈烈。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Menahem_Begin_during_his_%22Rabbi_Sassover%22_period_with_wife_Aliza_and_son_Benyamin-Zeev_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Menahem_Begin_during_his_%22Rabbi_Sassover%22_period_with_wife_Aliza_and_son_Benyamin-Zeev_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg/220px-Menahem_Begin_during_his_%22Rabbi_Sassover%22_period_with_wife_Aliza_and_son_Benyamin-Zeev_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Menahem_Begin_during_his_%22Rabbi_Sassover%22_period_with_wife_Aliza_and_son_Benyamin-Zeev_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg/330px-Menahem_Begin_during_his_%22Rabbi_Sassover%22_period_with_wife_Aliza_and_son_Benyamin-Zeev_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Menahem_Begin_during_his_%22Rabbi_Sassover%22_period_with_wife_Aliza_and_son_Benyamin-Zeev_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg/440px-Menahem_Begin_during_his_%22Rabbi_Sassover%22_period_with_wife_Aliza_and_son_Benyamin-Zeev_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3066" data-file-height="2052" /></a><figcaption>1946年11月，贝京伪装成拉比与妻儿在特拉维夫合影</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%91%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9F_(%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96)_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A6%22%D7%9C,_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%D7%91%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9F_%28%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96%29_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A6%22%D7%9C%2C_1948.jpg/220px-%D7%91%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9F_%28%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96%29_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A6%22%D7%9C%2C_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/%D7%91%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9F_%28%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96%29_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A6%22%D7%9C%2C_1948.jpg/330px-%D7%91%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9F_%28%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96%29_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A6%22%D7%9C%2C_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/%D7%91%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9F_%28%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96%29_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A6%22%D7%9C%2C_1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="256" /></a><figcaption>1948年贝京与伊尔贡成员合影</figcaption></figure> <p>1944年11月6日，两名莱希组织成员在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E7%BD%97" title="开罗">开罗</a>杀死了英国中东事务大臣<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E5%9B%A0%E5%8B%8B%E7%88%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="莫因勋爵">莫因勋爵</a>，此举不仅激怒了英国当局，也震惊了犹太代办处。英国政府强令哈加纳与巴勒斯坦托管当局合作铲除<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%A1" title="伊尔贡">伊尔贡</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E5%B8%8C_(%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87)" title="莱希 (组织)">莱希</a>等犹太人地下组织。随后哈加纳发动了<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="狩猎季行动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The Hunting Season"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%A9%E7%8C%8E%E5%AD%A3%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="狩猎季行动（页面不存在）">狩猎季行动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hunting_Season" class="extiw" title="en:The Hunting Season"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The Hunting Season</span></a></span>）</span></span>，配合英国当局对伊尔贡和莱希开展了维持数月的清缴行动，逮捕了数批犹太地下组织成员。为了避免在巴勒斯坦发生犹太人内战，贝京下令伊尔贡停止暴力活动以度过危机。贝京判断犹太代办处最终还是会和他达成一致，因为英国已经无意履行<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%A6%8F%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="贝尔福宣言">贝尔福宣言</a>的承诺，犹太人的建国最终还是要依靠武力完成。随着时间推移，哈加纳对于清剿行动也不再热心，伊尔贡则在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E8%88%92%E5%A4%AB" title="依舒夫">依舒夫</a>里赢得了广泛的认同与同情。<sup id="cite_ref-Bell_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1945年夏天，欧洲大陆的战事已经结束，而英国对于在巴勒斯坦建立犹太国仍持消极态度，此外还不断阻挠犹太人幸存者移民巴勒斯坦，犹太公众对英国政府的敌意不断加深。在这种情况下，犹太代办处开始与伊尔贡和莱希接触商讨合作事宜。哈加纳、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%A1" title="伊尔贡">伊尔贡</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E5%B8%8C" class="mw-disambig" title="莱希">莱希</a>经过谈判联合成立了<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="希伯来抵抗运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jewish Resistance Movement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9D%A5%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希伯来抵抗运动（页面不存在）">希伯来抵抗运动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Resistance_Movement" class="extiw" title="en:Jewish Resistance Movement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jewish Resistance Movement</span></a></span>）</span></span>，以合作对抗英国托管当局，但伊尔贡和莱希仍保持独立地位。1945年至1946年间，哈加纳、伊尔贡和莱希对巴勒斯坦地区的英国政府机构、军事目标和当地基础设施展开了一系列武装袭击。1946年6月29日，英国政府调集重兵开展<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8A%A0%E8%8E%8E%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="阿加莎行動">阿加莎行動</a>，在巴勒斯坦地区大规模搜捕犹太武装人员，同时还查抄了犹太代办处总部并逮捕了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9D%E8%88%92%E5%A4%AB" title="依舒夫">依舒夫</a>领导人。作为报复，贝京指挥伊尔贡炸毁了英国在巴勒斯坦的军政机构所在地<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%E7%8E%8B%E9%85%92%E5%BA%97" title="大卫王酒店">大卫王酒店</a>，造成91人死亡，这就是震惊世界的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%E7%8E%8B%E9%85%92%E5%BA%97%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8%E6%A1%88" title="大衛王酒店爆炸案">大卫王酒店爆炸案</a>。 </p><p>然而希伯来抵抗运动内部各派的合作关系在爆炸案后产生了产生了裂痕。哈加纳在爆炸案后减少了对英国军事目标的攻击，将主要精力投入了帮助欧洲的犹太难民<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%B7%E6%B8%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="偷渡">偷渡</a>进入巴勒斯坦的行动中，同时也彻底断绝了与英国当局的合作。伊尔贡和莱希在帮助犹太难民偷渡的同时，依然将主要精力放在了对英国当局的武装袭击上，意图通过大量武装袭击迫使英国不堪重负最终撤出巴勒斯坦。1946年12月，英国当局判处两名被逮捕的伊尔贡成员18年有期徒刑，同时还附加了鞭刑。作为回应贝京下令伊尔贡绑架了四名英国军人而后对四人实施了鞭刑。1947年5月4日，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%A1" title="伊尔贡">伊尔贡</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E5%B8%8C_(%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87)" title="莱希 (组织)">莱希</a>合作攻入了位于<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%A1_(%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97)" title="阿卡 (以色列)">阿卡</a>的监狱，救出被关押的200多名被关押的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="犹太人">犹太人</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="阿拉伯人">阿拉伯人</a>。劫狱过程中有15人丧生，3名伊尔贡成员被俘。7月29日，英国当局随后将3名被俘伊尔贡成员处以绞刑，贝京为了报复同样下令将伊尔贡逮捕的两名英国中士处以绞刑，并将他们的尸体挂在了<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%9D%A6%E4%BA%9A" title="内坦亚">内坦亚</a>的一片树林里。由于巴勒斯坦的局势持续动荡，英国当局不堪重负。1947年9月，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E9%98%81" title="英国内阁">英国内阁</a>投票决定英国托管当局撤出巴勒斯坦，巴勒斯坦问题交由<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国">联合国</a>解决。1947年11月，联合国大会表决通过了<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A181%E5%8F%B7%E5%86%B3%E8%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="联合国大会181号决议">联合国大会181号决议</a>，确定了在巴勒斯坦地区建立犹太国和阿拉伯国的分治方案，同时英国驻巴勒斯坦军政机构开始逐步撤离巴勒斯坦。<sup id="cite_ref-Hoffman_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffman-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A181%E5%8F%B7%E5%86%B3%E8%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="联合国大会181号决议">联合国大会181号决议</a>通过后，巴勒斯坦地区的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="阿拉伯人">阿拉伯人</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="犹太人">犹太人</a>随即爆发了激烈冲突。贝京领导的伊尔贡与哈加纳、莱希一同开始了对阿拉伯人的战斗，伊尔贡参与了攻打<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E6%B3%95" title="雅法">雅法</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%97%A7%E5%9F%8E" title="耶路撒冷旧城">耶路撒冷旧城</a>的解围战。 </p><p>最有争议的行动出现在1948年4月9日，伊尔贡和莱希的120余名武装人员闯入耶路撒冷西部的代尔亚辛村，屠杀了100余名当地阿拉伯村民，这就是著名的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E7%88%BE%E4%BA%9E%E8%BE%9B%E6%9D%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%AE%BA" title="代爾亞辛村大屠殺">代尔亚辛村大屠杀</a>，包括哈加纳在内的各方均强烈谴责屠杀事件，而伊尔贡和莱希则坚决否认屠杀指控，贝京还威胁如果犹太代办处不接受他的说法那他将脱离统一指挥。<sup id="cite_ref-Bell_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>贝京在指挥对英国当局和阿拉伯人的攻击的同时还不得隐藏自己，因为他一直遭到英国政府的通缉，贝京当时是英国当局的在巴勒斯坦的头号通缉犯，军情五局对于他的击毙或抓捕的悬赏达到了一万英镑。贝京在此期间不得不带着妻子和孩子东躲西藏，他当时被迫续起胡须、使用伊斯雷尔·萨索夫（Yisrael Sassover）的假名伪装成一个<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94" title="拉比">拉比</a>，此外还使用各种迷惑手段误导英国情报机关。在大卫王酒店爆炸案后，英军一度接近抓获了贝京，但他躲藏在一个隔间里而免于被捕。<sup id="cite_ref-Bell_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1947年，贝京搬到了特拉维夫市中心，使用一个被遗弃护照上的姓名“约拿·柯尼格绍夫”（Dr. Yonah Koenigshoffer）作为自己的假名。贝京一直保持隐姓埋名直到1948年4月英国当局结束巴勒斯坦托管统治结束。 </p><p>在以色列建国后的许多年里，贝京及其领导的伊尔贡在建国过程中所起到的作用和影响一直面臨广泛争论。<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 而贝京对于他被描绘成一个好战的异议者而感到不满。<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="阿尔塔列纳事件和第一次中东战争"><span id=".E9.98.BF.E5.B0.94.E5.A1.94.E5.88.97.E7.BA.B3.E4.BA.8B.E4.BB.B6.E5.92.8C.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.80.E6.AC.A1.E4.B8.AD.E4.B8.9C.E6.88.98.E4.BA.89"></span>阿尔塔列纳事件和第一次中东战争</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：阿尔塔列纳事件和第一次中东战争"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Altalena_off_Tel-Aviv_beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Altalena_off_Tel-Aviv_beach.jpg/220px-Altalena_off_Tel-Aviv_beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Altalena_off_Tel-Aviv_beach.jpg/330px-Altalena_off_Tel-Aviv_beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Altalena_off_Tel-Aviv_beach.jpg/440px-Altalena_off_Tel-Aviv_beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3066" data-file-height="2052" /></a><figcaption>阿尔塔列纳号货船在特拉维夫海岸附近被击中起火</figcaption></figure> <p>1948年5月14日，以色列宣布<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="以色列独立宣言">建国</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第一次中东战争">第一次中东战争</a>随即爆发，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%A1" title="伊尔贡">伊尔贡</a>与哈加纳、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E5%B8%8C_(%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87)" title="莱希 (组织)">莱希</a>一起合作保卫新建立的以色列。5月15日，贝京通过广播宣布自己停止躲藏开始公开活动。6月1日，贝京与临时政府总理<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC-%E5%8F%A4%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="戴维·本-古里安">本-古里安</a>签订协议，伊尔贡组织正式编入新成立的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="以色列國防軍">以色列国防军</a>，同时伊尔贡获准保留有一个临时指挥部和一支位于<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷">耶路撒冷</a>地区的独立战斗营，这使得伊尔贡实质上仍然接受贝京的指挥。 <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1948年6月，在联合国规定的停火期间，伊尔贡组织了一艘装有大批武器弹药和800多名志愿者的货船阿尔塔列纳號（Altalena）从法国出发前往以色列。事先得知情报的以色列临时政府总理本-古里安和贝京随后就此事进行了谈判。贝京提议将大多数武器交予以軍，伊尔贡仅保留五分之一并将其配发给位于<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷">耶路撒冷</a>的伊尔贡战斗营。本-古里安同意了提议，但贝京随后又提出伊尔贡拒绝临时政府的监督独立卸货。本-古里安不愿再忍受贝京这种自行其是的行径，更不愿承认伊尔贡成为国防军内部的“军中之军”，因此他决定收回成命。 </p><p>6月20日，阿尔塔列纳号货船抵近特拉维夫北部的维特金村（Kfar Vitkin）海岸，贝京率领<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%A1" title="伊尔贡">伊尔贡</a>成员们在海岸迎接，并且开始卸货。与此同时，临时政府在<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%AB" title="特拉维夫">特拉维夫</a>召开会议，本-古里安决心强令贝京彻底缴械投降，他在会上表示： </p> <blockquote><p>我们必须决定是将权力移交给贝京还是强令他解散组织，如果他不愿顺从，我们就开火！否则我们就得解散自己的军队了。</p></blockquote> <p>临时政府决议授权军队在必要时使用武力解除伊尔贡的武装并收缴船只及武器。以軍的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E6%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="亚历山德罗尼旅">亚历山德罗尼旅</a>奉命包围了事发区域，此时阿尔塔列纳号上的武器仍在卸载过程中，亚历山德罗尼旅旅長给贝京下达了最后通牒： </p> <blockquote><p>致：贝京<br />根据以色列国防军总参谋部的命令，我獲授权以以色列政府的名义收缴抵达我所管辖海岸区域的军用物资，现要求你交出所保管的武器，同时要求你立即与最高层联系。要求你立即执行这项命令，如果你拒绝执行命令，我将使用一切手段迫使你执行命令并将征用武器以转交于以色列政府。我们希望告知你周边区域均已被全副武装的部队和装甲车所包围，所有道路已封锁。你将对拒绝命令的后果承担全部责任。船上的所载人员在解除武装后可以按照你的安排前往营地，你有十分钟时间作出答复。 <br />D.E.,旅長</p></blockquote> <p>贝京拒绝了最后通牒，所以调停的努力均告失败。以军开始强攻，经过短暂交火后，位于海滩上的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%A1" title="伊尔贡">伊尔贡</a>成员被迫投降，并将已经卸在海滩上的武器交给了以军。 </p><p>贝京在交火发生时登上了阿尔塔列纳号货船，随后指挥货船驶向伊尔贡支持者众多的特拉维夫。6月22日，货船抵达<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%AB" title="特拉维夫">特拉维夫</a>海岸，许多已经加入了国防军的前<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%A1" title="伊尔贡">伊尔贡</a>成员纷纷脱离部队前往海滩接应，一场以色列内战几乎迫在眉睫。本-古里安命令总参谋长<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E4%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="伊加尔·亚丁">伊加尔·亚丁</a>在海滩集结重兵并部署了重武器，准备以武力解决。当天下午4点，本古里安下令炮击阿尔塔列纳号货船，货船很快起火燃烧。 <sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 美国籍船长门罗·费恩（Monroe Fein）打出白旗并下令船员弃船，船上人员纷纷跳入水中逃生，贝京在甲板上坚持到最后时刻方才撤离。阿尔塔列纳事件总共有16名伊尔贡成员被打死，其中有10人在炮击中丧生，6人在维特金海滩的交火中被打死，以色列国防军方面有3人死亡。<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>此外伊尔贡方面有包括多位领导层在内的200余人被捕，他们在数月内被陆续释放。贝京侥幸逃脱，最终于1948年8月27日同意彻底解散伊尔贡的武装组织，伊尔贡成员分散编入以色列国防军，贝京因而也获得了赦免。阿尔塔列纳号货船在被炮击后搁浅，于1年后被拖往公海沉没。<sup id="cite_ref-Altalena_PalYam_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Altalena_PalYam-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="政治生涯"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB.E7.94.9F.E6.B6.AF"></span>政治生涯</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：政治生涯"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="反对派时期"><span id=".E5.8F.8D.E5.AF.B9.E6.B4.BE.E6.97.B6.E6.9C.9F"></span>反对派时期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：反对派时期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Menachem_Begin_p%C5%99i_projevu_v_srpnu_1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Menachem_Begin_p%C5%99i_projevu_v_srpnu_1948.jpg/220px-Menachem_Begin_p%C5%99i_projevu_v_srpnu_1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Menachem_Begin_p%C5%99i_projevu_v_srpnu_1948.jpg/330px-Menachem_Begin_p%C5%99i_projevu_v_srpnu_1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Menachem_Begin_p%C5%99i_projevu_v_srpnu_1948.jpg/440px-Menachem_Begin_p%C5%99i_projevu_v_srpnu_1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>1948年，贝京进行演讲</figcaption></figure> <p>在贝京宣布解散伊尔贡后转入政坛，1948年8月，贝京与一些前伊尔贡领导层成员创建了右翼政党<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E9%B2%81%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="赫鲁特">赫鲁特</a>（意为自由）。<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>但在创立初期由贝京的导师雅博廷斯基创立的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="修正锡安主义联盟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hatzohar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E9%94%A1%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="修正锡安主义联盟（页面不存在）">修正锡安主义联盟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatzohar" class="extiw" title="en:Hatzohar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hatzohar</span></a></span>）</span></span>并不认可贝京的政党，他们认为贝京盗用雅博廷斯基的名义与他们分庭抗礼。 </p><p>1948年11月，贝京前往<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>访问，在此期间<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="爱因斯坦">爱因斯坦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%82%89%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E5%85%8B" title="悉尼·胡克">胡克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%A6%E7%89%B9" title="汉娜·阿伦特">阿伦特</a>等知名美国犹太人以及数个美国犹太社团联名发表公开信，强烈抨击贝京是恐怖分子，赫鲁特是“巴勒斯坦的右翼沙文主义组织”，<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>指出他们在组织框架、行事风格和宣扬种族优越的政治理念都很像纳粹党，还指责伊尔贡在犹太人社区散布恐怖。<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在1949年举行的以色列第一届议会选举中，赫鲁特获得了11.5%的选票，赢得了14个议会席位，为议会第四大党派。而修正锡安主义联盟没能进入议会，在随后选择了并入赫鲁特，这让贝京已经是公认的修正锡安主义领导人。1950年，贝京试图访问英国时被拒绝入境，英国政府指责他是“臭名昭著的伊尔贡恐怖组织领导人”。<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在此之后十几年里，贝京不断整合各派右翼组织，还在党章中加入恢复<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="大以色列">大以色列</a>的激进章程，这使得赫鲁特日趋壮大，发展成了长期执政的工党联盟的主要反对党。<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 贝京与时任以色列总理<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC-%E5%8F%A4%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="戴维·本-古里安">本-古里安</a>关系恶劣，两人作为巴勒斯坦犹太人的左翼和右翼领袖人物早有宿怨，而阿尔塔列纳事件又激化了两人的紧张关系。贝京指责<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA%E5%85%9A" title="以色列地工人党">以色列地工人党</a>是腐败的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E4%BB%80%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B" title="布尔什维克">布尔什维克</a>政党，本-古里安则多次重申坚决不与赫鲁特及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A_(1948%E5%B9%B4)" title="以色列共产党 (1948年)">以色列共产党</a>合作，甚至在议会会议时拒绝提贝京的名字。 </p><p>贝京与本-古里安最大的分歧是关于是否接受德国赔款的问题，因为以色列在建国初期经济困难，1951年底<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC-%E5%8F%A4%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="戴维·本-古里安">本-古里安</a>政府开始和联邦德国政府开始接触商讨德国对犹太人的赔偿问题。贝京强烈反对向德国索要赔款，称此举就等于轻易原谅了<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="纳粹德国">纳粹德国</a>对<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="犹太人">犹太人</a>犯下的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="犹太人大屠杀">罪行</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1952年1月，<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83_(%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97)" class="mw-redirect" title="議會 (以色列)">以色列议会</a>召开会议商讨是否接受德国赔款，当天贝京率领一万五千余人在耶路撒冷进行游行示威，贝京在现场发表极具煽动性的演讲抨击本-古里安，还扬言要以暴力推翻政府，他还提到了阿尔塔列纳事件：“当时向我开炮时，我下令不要还击，而今天给你们下令，还击吧！”<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>人群在贝京的煽动下涌往位于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%E7%8E%8B%E8%A1%97_(%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7)" title="乔治王街 (耶路撒冷)">乔治王街</a>以色列议会大楼，并向大楼的窗户投掷石块，很快演化成骚乱。随后警察用催泪瓦斯和水炮强行驱散了示威者，数百人被捕，200余名骚乱者、140余名警察和几位议员受伤。贝京因为被控煽动暴力被禁止参加议会6个月，公众舆论普遍指责贝京应为事态激化负责。贝京以其慷慨激昂的演讲词深刻描绘了大屠杀的惨烈和悲壮，这为他赢得了大量支持者，但同时作为一个煽动者的形象也深入人心。 </p><p>右翼分子没有停止阻挠德以和解的进程，1952年三月，以色列右翼分子试图用<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%AE%E5%8C%85%E7%82%B8%E5%BC%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="邮包炸弹">邮件炸弹</a>行刺<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="联邦德国">联邦德国</a>总理<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E7%99%BB%E7%BA%B3" title="康拉德·阿登纳">阿登纳</a>，炸弹在拆解过程中爆炸，导致一名德国工兵死亡，两人受伤。随后五名以色列人在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E" title="巴黎">巴黎</a>被捕，经查全部是前<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%A1" title="伊尔贡">伊尔贡</a>成员。此举也使得阿登纳开始与以色列反对派进行接触，避免出现更大的阻力。五名密谋者被<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a>政府遣送至德国，德国政府又将他们遣返以色列。40年后，当年参与此事的埃塞尔·苏蒂特（Elieser Sudit）回忆称贝京参与策划了暗杀行动。<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="加哈尔集团"><span id=".E5.8A.A0.E5.93.88.E5.B0.94.E9.9B.86.E5.9B.A2"></span>加哈尔集团</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：加哈尔集团"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在随后的十年里，贝京领导的赫鲁特没能在议会选举中更进一步，1961年赫鲁特只获得17个议会席位。1965年，赫鲁特与<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以色列自由党" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Liberal Party (Israel)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列自由党（页面不存在）">以色列自由党</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Israel)" class="extiw" title="en:Liberal Party (Israel)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Liberal Party (Israel)</span></a></span>）</span></span>组成了中右翼的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="加哈尔集团" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gahal"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加哈尔集团（页面不存在）">加哈尔集团</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gahal" class="extiw" title="en:Gahal"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gahal</span></a></span>）</span></span>，但在当年的选举中也总共只获得26个议会席位。在1966年赫鲁特党代表大会上，年轻的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E9%BB%98%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="奥尔默特">奥尔默特</a>开始挑战贝京的权威，贝京一度宣布将从领导岗位上退休，但随后又在人们的挽留下收回成命。1967年6月，<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第三次中东战争">第三次中东战争</a>爆发，加哈尔集团加入了由总理<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E5%B8%8C%E7%A7%91%E5%B0%94" title="列维·艾希科尔">列维·艾希科尔</a>的内阁，与<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA%E5%85%9A" title="以色列地工人党">以色列地工人党</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉菲党" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Rafi (political party)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E8%8F%B2%E5%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉菲党（页面不存在）">拉菲党</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafi_(political_party)" class="extiw" title="en:Rafi (political party)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Rafi (political party)</span></a></span>）</span></span>一同组成民族联合政府。贝京在内阁担任<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E7%AE%A1%E9%83%A8%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="不管部部长">不管部部长</a>，拉菲党的<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E6%89%AC" title="摩西·达扬">摩西·达扬</a>担任国防部长。1970年8月，加哈尔集团决定退出联合政府，因为贝京不满梅厄同意了<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>提出罗杰斯计划，該计划主张<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E4%BC%8A%E5%A3%AB%E8%BF%90%E6%B2%B3" title="苏伊士运河">苏伊士运河</a>停火<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>应结束在运河的军事对峙，以色列应撤出1967年所占领的土地。<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>贝京认为同意罗杰斯计划即意味着以色列同意了1967年的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E7%90%86%E4%BC%9A242%E5%8F%B7%E5%86%B3%E8%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="联合国安理会242号决议">联合国安理会242号决议</a>里关于“以色列军撤出在最近战争中占领的领土”的要求。8月5日，贝京在议会发表讲话，指出他本人坚决反对以色列撤出<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6%E6%B2%B3%E8%A5%BF%E5%B2%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="约旦河西岸">约旦河西岸</a>地区，因此他本人和数名加哈尔集团内阁成员集体退出政府。<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="利库德集团"><span id=".E5.88.A9.E5.BA.93.E5.BE.B7.E9.9B.86.E5.9B.A2"></span>利库德集团</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：利库德集团"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_(GPO)_-_Begin_in_the_Knesset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Begin_in_the_Knesset.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Begin_in_the_Knesset.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Begin_in_the_Knesset.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Begin_in_the_Knesset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Begin_in_the_Knesset.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Begin_in_the_Knesset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>1974年贝京在以色列议会发言</figcaption></figure> <p>1973年，贝京接受了自由党主席<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E9%BE%99" title="阿里埃勒·沙龙">沙龙</a>的提议，将加哈尔集团、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自由中心" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Free Centre"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自由中心（页面不存在）">自由中心</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Centre" class="extiw" title="en:Free Centre"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Free Centre</span></a></span>）</span></span>和其他几个小党派整合，建立了<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%BA%93%E5%BE%B7%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="利库德集团">利库德集团</a>，贝京本人担任主席。在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%8E%E7%BD%AA%E6%97%A5%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" class="mw-redirect" title="赎罪日战争">赎罪日战争</a>结束后，以色列进行议会选举，利库德集团一举获得39个议会席位，但仍是反对党。 </p><p>赎罪日战争后，以色列国内的公众舆论对于工党的不满不断上升。政府在战争初期应对不利，导致以色列承受了严重损失，以色列国内舆论纷纷要求问责。作为以色列国内反对工党<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="社会主义">社会主义</a>思潮的代表人物，贝京及其利库德集团的支持度不断上升。贝京还适时开始迎合<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%8C%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="米兹拉希犹太人">米兹拉希犹太人</a>的支持，来自<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C" title="中东">中东</a>地区的米兹拉希犹太人数量增长较快但社会地位长期被边缘化，贝京主张的尊重<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">犹太教</a>传统和反社会主义等政策对<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%8C%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="米兹拉希犹太人">米兹拉希犹太人</a>有很大的吸引力。而1974年至1977年执政的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%BE" class="mw-disambig" title="拉宾">拉宾</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="西蒙·佩雷斯">佩雷斯</a>的工党政府饱受腐败指控、内讧和经济停滞的影响，长期与工党合作的国家宗教党也开始右转，这些都成了贝京走向以色列政治中心的重要基础。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="以色列总理"><span id=".E4.BB.A5.E8.89.B2.E5.88.97.E6.80.BB.E7.90.86"></span>以色列总理</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：以色列总理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1977年大选"><span id="1977.E5.B9.B4.E5.A4.A7.E9.80.89"></span>1977年大选</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：1977年大选"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Menachem_Begin_1978.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Menachem_Begin_1978.jpg/220px-Menachem_Begin_1978.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Menachem_Begin_1978.jpg/330px-Menachem_Begin_1978.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Menachem_Begin_1978.jpg/440px-Menachem_Begin_1978.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2790" data-file-height="1850" /></a><figcaption>1978年的贝京</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85099211">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/1977%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="1977年以色列議會選舉">1977年以色列议会选举</a></div> <p>在1977年5月17日举行的以色列议会选举中，贝京领导的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%BA%93%E5%BE%B7%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="利库德集团">利库德集团</a>拿下43个议会席位，一举成为了议会最大党派。这次选举在以色列国内称为“剧变”（Mahapakh），因为这是在以色列建国近三十年来持续执政的工党联盟第一次被右翼的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%BA%93%E5%BE%B7%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="利库德集团">利库德集团</a>所取代，实现了以色列历史上第一次真正意义上的政党轮替。利库德集团的胜利也意味着以色列社会开始了一次根本性重组，以色列建国初期一直占有主导地位的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BB%80%E8%82%AF%E7%BA%B3%E5%85%B9%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="阿什肯纳兹犹太人">阿什肯纳兹犹太人</a>及其所倡导的左翼思潮逐步被此前一直处于社会边缘的米兹拉希犹太人及其宗教主义所取代，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="保守主义">社会保守主义</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="自由主义市场经济">经济自由主义</a>的思潮逐渐成为主流。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Menachem_Begin_and_Moshe_Dayan_exits_from_an_aircraft.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Menachem_Begin_and_Moshe_Dayan_exits_from_an_aircraft.JPEG/170px-Menachem_Begin_and_Moshe_Dayan_exits_from_an_aircraft.JPEG" decoding="async" width="170" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Menachem_Begin_and_Moshe_Dayan_exits_from_an_aircraft.JPEG/255px-Menachem_Begin_and_Moshe_Dayan_exits_from_an_aircraft.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Menachem_Begin_and_Moshe_Dayan_exits_from_an_aircraft.JPEG/340px-Menachem_Begin_and_Moshe_Dayan_exits_from_an_aircraft.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="2860" /></a><figcaption>贝京与摩西·达扬访问美国</figcaption></figure> <p>利库德集团在选战中一路领先，贝京的个人形象起到了很大作用。由于贝京过去的所作所为，他经常被工党描绘成一个<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E6%9D%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="极权主义">极权主义</a>者和极端分子。贝京在选举过程中也适时改变了自己过去的激进形象，他以一个谦逊而虔诚的领导人形象出现，引起了对工党执政不满的选民的共鸣。<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%BA%93%E5%BE%B7%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="利库德集团">利库德集团</a>赢得了以劳工阶层为主体的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%8C%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="米兹拉希犹太人">米兹拉希犹太人</a>选民的大部分选票，而<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%9B%85%E4%B8%81" title="伊加尔·雅丁">伊加尔·雅丁</a>新成立的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="戴希党" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Democratic Movement for Change"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B4%E5%B8%8C%E5%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戴希党（页面不存在）">戴希党</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Movement_for_Change" class="extiw" title="en:Democratic Movement for Change"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Democratic Movement for Change</span></a></span>）</span></span>吸引了许多对工党联盟不满的中上阶层选民。戴希党在选举中获得15个议会席位，大大分流了工党联盟获得的选票，使得<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="西蒙·佩雷斯">佩雷斯</a>的工党联盟只获得32席，利库德集团成为了议会最大政党。贝京在利库德集团总部在胜选演讲中引用了<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E5%BA%95%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E6%BC%94%E8%AE%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="葛底斯堡演讲">葛底斯堡演讲</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%A5%E6%8B%89" title="妥拉">妥拉</a>中的语句，称这次胜选是“犹太人历史的转折点”。 </p><p>获得了43个席位的利库德集团仍需要与其他政党联合才能达到议会绝对多数席位以组建多数政府，因此贝京开始了与宗教党派和中间党派合作。此外贝京出人意料的提名工党的<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E6%89%AC" title="摩西·达扬">摩西·达扬</a>担任外交部长，贝京通过这次任命获得更大的支持度。1977年6月20日，贝京向议会提交了政府名单，组阁获得通过。1977年10月，亚丁的戴希党也加入了联合政府，亚丁本人担任副总理。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="社会经济政策"><span id=".E7.A4.BE.E4.BC.9A.E7.BB.8F.E6.B5.8E.E6.94.BF.E7.AD.96"></span>社会经济政策</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：社会经济政策"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>贝京在就任总理后开始了对国内的一系列改革。贝京政府将以色列的免费义务教育扩展至十年级。<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 同时建立了长期社会保障制度和国家补助体系<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>贝京还废止了工党政府颁布的彩色电视信号禁令，将驾照最低年龄降至17岁。<sup id="cite_ref-benn_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-benn-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>此外政府还启动了一项代号为“重生”的工程，由政府、犹太代办处和犹太人社团共同募集资金，由总理办公室牵头，旨在改善塞法迪犹太人和米兹拉希犹太人所居贫民窟的居住环境和生活质量。该项目在贫民窟和贫困地区开展了大规模的基础设施建设，包括铺设公路、改善用水设施、照明系统、住房条件，同时扩建各类公共服务设施、教育及医疗设施等。至1983年，这项工程惠及了来自80多个城镇社区的超过45万居民。在贝京离职后，这项政策依旧延续至今，用于改善弱势群体及贫困社区的生活条件。<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>贝京在经济方面主要以放宽经济管制为主要政策，以改变以色列建国以来秉持的社会主义<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="计划经济">计划经济</a>体制。贝京任命<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西姆哈·埃尔里奇" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Simha Erlich"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%A7%86%E5%93%88%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西姆哈·埃尔里奇（页面不存在）">西姆哈·埃尔里奇</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simha_Erlich" class="extiw" title="en:Simha Erlich"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Simha Erlich</span></a></span>）</span></span>担任财政部长，埃尔里奇提出了经济转型计划。计划包括取消了政府的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%87%E7%8E%87" title="汇率">汇率</a>管制并改由市场主导，取消消费品补贴，放宽外汇管制，同时增加<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%9E%E5%80%BC%E7%A8%8E" title="增值税">增值税</a>，降低车船税，降低<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E7%A8%8E" title="关税">关税</a>以鼓励进口。转型计划取得了一定成果，大量高品质的廉价商品进入国内，企业利润得到了大幅提升，<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A1%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="股市">股市</a>情况也得以好转。然而计划并没有像预想的那样改善普通民众的生活，由于增值税的提高和消费品补贴的取消，加之<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>汇率上升，很快引发了<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%B4%A7%E8%86%A8%E8%83%80" title="通货膨胀">通货膨胀</a>和物价高涨。 1978年7月17日，以色列内阁召开会议讨论通货膨胀，贝京在会上否决了关于政府干预通货膨胀的提议。最终政府决定不对通货膨胀采取任何措施，任其发展。但贝京和一些内阁閣員也不是完全赞同埃尔里奇的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%94%BE%E4%BB%BB" title="自由放任">自由放任</a>政策，贝京因为公众的恐慌否决了埃尔里奇提出的缩减政府开支及将公共服务部门私有化的方案，只批准将18个国有企业进行<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E6%9C%89%E5%8C%96" title="私有化">私有化</a>改制。<sup id="cite_ref-benn_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-benn-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>1983年，以色列爆发严重的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E5%8D%B1%E6%9C%BA" title="金融危机">金融危机</a>，以色列四家最大的银行估价崩盘，贝京政府果断对四家银行实施了国有化。贝京在任期间通货膨胀持续上升，一直到1985年政府提出经济稳定计划以缩减开支后方才得以控制。持续数年的通胀大大削以色列总工会和基布兹的实力，这在客观上有助于以色列彻底转型为<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="市场经济">市场经济</a>，使得以色列从以政府管制和平均主义的计划型经济转型为追求消费文化、高品质生活的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="资本主义">资本主义</a>市场经济。<sup id="cite_ref-benn_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-benn-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>不过根据调查，贝京在任期间以色列的贫富差距并没有得到改善，尤其是贫困家庭的数量在贝京在任期间猛增。<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 根据官方统计，以色列的贫困率在贝京执政期间翻了一倍。<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="戴维营和谈"><span id=".E6.88.B4.E7.BB.B4.E8.90.A5.E5.92.8C.E8.B0.88"></span>戴维营和谈</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：戴维营和谈"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sadat_and_Begin_clean3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Sadat_and_Begin_clean3.jpg/220px-Sadat_and_Begin_clean3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Sadat_and_Begin_clean3.jpg/330px-Sadat_and_Begin_clean3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Sadat_and_Begin_clean3.jpg/440px-Sadat_and_Begin_clean3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4631" data-file-height="3073" /></a><figcaption>1978年9月18日，埃及总统<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%BE%BE%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="萨达特">萨达特</a>与以色列总理贝京在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A" title="美国国会">美国国会</a>庆祝<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%E8%90%A5%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="戴维营协议">戴维营协议</a>的达成</figcaption></figure> <p>1977年，贝京在就任以色列总理不久就通过<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>向<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>总统<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%BE%BE%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="萨达特">萨达特</a>传达了进行和平谈判的意愿。1977年9月16日，以色列外交部长<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E6%89%AC" title="摩西·达扬">摩西·达扬</a>和埃及副总理哈桑·图哈米在<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5" title="摩洛哥">摩洛哥</a>进行了秘密会谈。1977年11月19日，<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%BE%BE%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="萨达特">萨达特</a>乘专机访问<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a>，贝京率领以色列各党派政要亲自前往机场迎接，这是阿拉伯国家元首第一次到访以色列。1978年，贝京在<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E6%89%AC" title="摩西·达扬">摩西·达扬</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%B3%BD%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%AD%8F%E8%8C%A8%E6%9B%BC" title="埃泽尔·魏茨曼">埃泽尔·魏茨曼</a>的协助下，前往美国开始和平会谈。在谈判前贝京还曾征求了犹太教最有影响力的拉比<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="施尼尔森" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Menachem M. Schneerson"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%BD%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="施尼尔森（页面不存在）">施尼尔森</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_M._Schneerson" class="extiw" title="en:Menachem M. Schneerson"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Menachem M. Schneerson</span></a></span>）</span></span>的意见。<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>最终埃以双方在美国总统<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%B1%B3%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9" title="吉米·卡特">卡特</a>的斡旋下在<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%E8%90%A5" title="戴维营">戴维营</a>签署了具有历史意义的戴维营协议。根据协议，以色列将从<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%88%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="西奈半岛">西奈半岛</a>撤军并将西奈半岛归还<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a>。随后在1979年3月26日，贝京与萨达特又在美国首都<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%BA" title="华盛顿哥伦比亚特区">华盛顿</a>签署了<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E4%BB%A5%E5%92%8C%E7%B4%84" title="埃以和約">埃以和平条约</a>。这一系列协议的签署成就了中东历史上的一个分水岭，这是历史上第一次阿拉伯国家承认了以色列的合法性，这也是以色列第一次实质上接受了“土地换和平”的政治理念。而这次承认是由阿拉伯国家中最有影响力的埃及做出的，因此戴维营协议具有深远的战略和地缘政治意义。 </p><p>几乎在一夜之间，贝京的公众形象就从过去不负责任的民族主义者变成了为和平而努力的政治家。1978年底，贝京和萨达特一同获颁<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔和平奖">诺贝尔和平奖</a>。 </p><p>然而，贝京在推进埃以和平进程的同时却在<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%BA%93%E5%BE%B7%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="利库德集团">利库德集团</a>内部受到了诸多批评，许多贝京的支持者都惊诧于他的转变，他们认为贝京放弃西奈半岛其实就是背叛了修正锡安主义和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="大以色列">大以色列</a>的理念。利库德集团内部以<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94" title="伊扎克·沙米尔">沙米尔</a>为代表的强硬派坚决反对和平条约，但条约仍然得到了议会内多数支持并获得批准。而利库德集团内部强硬派于1979年10月退出利库德集团，建立了<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E9%BB%A8_(%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97)" title="復興黨 (以色列)">泰西亚党</a>，以强硬的手段反对从<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%88%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="西奈半岛">西奈半岛</a>撤离军队和定居点。但以色列还是于1982年完成了从<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%88%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="西奈半岛">西奈半岛</a>的撤出，完全将西奈半岛交还埃及。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Begin_Brzezinski_Camp_David_Chess.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Begin_Brzezinski_Camp_David_Chess.jpg/220px-Begin_Brzezinski_Camp_David_Chess.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Begin_Brzezinski_Camp_David_Chess.jpg/330px-Begin_Brzezinski_Camp_David_Chess.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Begin_Brzezinski_Camp_David_Chess.jpg/440px-Begin_Brzezinski_Camp_David_Chess.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2943" data-file-height="1960" /></a><figcaption>1978年，贝京在<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%E8%90%A5" title="戴维营">戴维营</a>和美国国家安全事务助理<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E7%83%AD%E6%B4%A5%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="布热津斯基">布热津斯基</a>下<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B1%A1%E6%A3%8B" title="國際象棋">國際象棋</a></figcaption></figure> <p>在从西奈半岛撤军的同时，贝京政府在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6%E6%B2%B3%E8%A5%BF%E5%B2%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="约旦河西岸">约旦河西岸</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%99%E5%9C%B0%E5%B8%A6" title="加沙地带">加沙地带</a>并没有完全履行<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%E8%90%A5%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="戴维营协议">戴维营协议</a>。贝京政府制定了继续扩建犹太人定居点的阿隆计划，参照<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="圣经">圣经</a>中所记载的具有历史意义地区扩展定居点。<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>贝京还任命<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E9%BE%99" title="阿里埃勒·沙龙">沙龙</a>为农业部长，由其主持在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6%E6%B2%B3%E8%A5%BF%E5%B2%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="约旦河西岸">约旦河西岸</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%99" class="mw-redirect" title="加沙">加沙</a>大量扩建犹太人定居点，以尽可能的制造既成事实避免未来在领土问题上让步。此外贝京在<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7" title="耶路撒冷">耶路撒冷</a>问题态度强硬，1980年7月30日，以色列议会通过了耶路撒冷法，立法规定耶路撒冷是以色列“永远的和不可分割的首都”，<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>但大多数国家拒绝承认耶路撒冷是以色列的首都。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="空袭伊拉克核反应堆"><span id=".E7.A9.BA.E8.A2.AD.E4.BC.8A.E6.8B.89.E5.85.8B.E6.A0.B8.E5.8F.8D.E5.BA.94.E5.A0.86"></span>空袭伊拉克核反应堆</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：空袭伊拉克核反应堆"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85099211"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E5%89%A7%E9%99%A2%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="歌剧院行动">歌剧院行动</a></div> <p>贝京在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="伊拉克">伊拉克</a>总统<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%A7%86" class="mw-redirect" title="萨达姆">萨达姆</a>上台后即将其视为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a>的重大威胁，他非常关注<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="伊拉克">伊拉克</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>合作的奥斯拉克核反应堆项目，认为该项目有助于伊拉克掌握核武器。贝京下令在以色列国内建造了一个与奥斯拉克核反应堆一模一样的模型以供<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%A9%BA%E5%86%9B" title="以色列空军">以色列空军</a>进行轰炸练习。<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>此外以色列政府还试图通过外交途径与法国、意大利协商，希望两国停止对伊拉克提供核技术。在所有外交谈判失败后，贝京决定对奥斯拉克核反应堆进行空袭。 </p><p>空袭计划在贝京政府内部引起了巨大争论。1980年10月，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E5%8F%8A%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E4%BD%BF%E5%91%BD%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="以色列情報及特殊使命局">摩萨德</a>向贝京报告伊拉克的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="核反应堆">核反应堆</a>将于1981年6月投入运行，最终内阁决定批准空袭行动。1981年6月，贝京下达了空袭指令。<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1981年6月7日，以色列空军派出8架<a href="/wiki/F-16%E6%88%B0%E9%9A%BC%E6%88%B0%E9%AC%A5%E6%A9%9F" title="F-16戰隼戰鬥機">F-16战机</a>和6架<a href="/wiki/F-15%E9%B7%B9%E5%BC%8F%E6%88%B0%E9%AC%A5%E6%A9%9F" title="F-15鷹式戰鬥機">F-15战机</a>，成功摧毁了奥斯拉克核反应堆。<sup id="cite_ref-name_of_reference_goes_here_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-name_of_reference_goes_here-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 随后贝京在新闻发布会上解释了空袭原因，贝京表示“我们决不能允许以色列的敌人发展大规模杀伤性武器来威胁以色列人民”，他表示此次空袭绝不是孤立事件，而是“给未来每一届以色列政府开的一个先例”。 <sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 空袭行动后，包括美国在内的大多数国家均谴责以色列的空袭行动，6月19日，联合国安理会一致通过<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="478号决议" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 487"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=478%E5%8F%B7%E5%86%B3%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="478号决议（页面不存在）">478号决议</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_487" class="extiw" title="en:United Nations Security Council Resolution 487"><span lang="en" dir="auto">United Nations Security Council Resolution 487</span></a></span>）</span></span>谴责以色列。 <sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 以色列国内的反对党也批评了政府的这次行动，但主要是指责贝京企图用空袭影响即将进行的以色列议会选举，随后<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%BA%93%E5%BE%B7%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="利库德集团">利库德集团</a>也得以顺利在大选中获胜继续执政。大选获胜后，以色列于1981年12月通过了戈兰高地法，正式吞并了<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E5%85%B0%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="戈兰高地">戈兰高地</a>，同时还宣布了国家航空公司在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E6%97%A5" title="安息日">安息日</a>的禁飞令。<sup id="cite_ref-shabbat_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shabbat-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="入侵黎巴嫩"><span id=".E5.85.A5.E4.BE.B5.E9.BB.8E.E5.B7.B4.E5.AB.A9"></span>入侵黎巴嫩</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：入侵黎巴嫩"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85099211"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第五次中东战争">第五次中东战争</a></div> <p>1975年，<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9%E5%86%85%E6%88%98" class="mw-redirect" title="黎巴嫩内战">黎巴嫩内战</a>爆发，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="巴勒斯坦解放组织">巴勒斯坦解放组织</a>趁机壮大并依托<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩">黎巴嫩</a>南部对以色列进行袭击。1978年，以色列借口<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%A1%94%E8%B5%AB" title="法塔赫">法塔赫</a>武装攻击以色列平民，于3月15日占领了黎巴嫩南部。1978年年底，以色列在签订停火协议后撤军，但仍然和黎巴嫩长枪党武装一起在黎以边境设立安全区。之后巴解组织在黎巴嫩的活动有增无减<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，以色列在之后数年又曾多次空袭位于黎巴嫩的巴解组织目标。 </p><p>1982年6月6日，贝京政府借口<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>驻以色列大使遇刺受伤，实施了入侵<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩">黎巴嫩</a>的加利利和平行动。贝京原本希望通过一次短期的有限军事行动解除巴解组织的威胁，同时协助当地的基督教<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%BE%99%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="马龙派">马龙派</a>长枪党武装控制黎巴嫩南部，以保障黎以边境的安全。但随后马龙派武装和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A7%A3%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="巴解组织">巴解组织</a>很快陷入混战，叙利亚也随即介入，战事随即扩大。6月9日，以色列在贝卡谷地空战中大败叙利亚空军，同时以军地面部队抵达黎巴嫩首都<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E9%B2%81%E7%89%B9" title="贝鲁特">贝鲁特</a>附近，远远超过了以色列政府事先授权的40公里推进线。以军在贝鲁特展开了长达数月的围困战，迫使巴解组织宣布撤出黎巴嫩，随后以色列逐步撤军。贝京在解释入侵黎巴嫩时称这是为了生存而不得不采取的行动，并把<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%95%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉法特">阿拉法特</a>比作为<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92" class="mw-redirect" title="希特勒">希特勒</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="贝鲁特难民营大屠杀"><span id=".E8.B4.9D.E9.B2.81.E7.89.B9.E9.9A.BE.E6.B0.91.E8.90.A5.E5.A4.A7.E5.B1.A0.E6.9D.80"></span>贝鲁特难民营大屠杀</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：贝鲁特难民营大屠杀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1982年8月，以色列支持的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9%E9%95%BF%E6%9E%AA%E5%85%9A" title="黎巴嫩长枪党">黎巴嫩长枪党</a>领袖巴希尔·杰马耶勒当选为<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="黎巴嫩总统">黎巴嫩总统</a>，贝京寄希望他就任后能与<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a>签订和平协议。1982年9月14日，还未上任的杰马耶勒被暗杀身亡，以色列和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9%E9%95%BF%E6%9E%AA%E5%85%9A" title="黎巴嫩长枪党">黎巴嫩长枪党</a>声称是隐藏在贝鲁特的巴勒斯坦难民营的巴解组织成员制造了暗杀。9月15日，以色列国防部长<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E9%BE%99" title="阿里埃勒·沙龙">沙龙</a>率军再次进入<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E9%B2%81%E7%89%B9" title="贝鲁特">贝鲁特</a>西部，包围了萨布拉和夏蒂拉的难民营。黎巴嫩长枪党武装于次日攻入难民营，在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="以色列國防軍">以色列国防军</a>的默许下制造了骇人听闻的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E9%B2%81%E7%89%B9%E9%9A%BE%E6%B0%91%E8%90%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80" title="贝鲁特难民营大屠杀">贝鲁特难民营大屠杀</a>。 </p><p>贝鲁特大屠杀不仅引起了国际社会的强烈谴责，在以色列国内也引起了轩然大波。9月25日，40万以色列人在<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%AB" title="特拉维夫">特拉维夫</a>举行了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a>历史上规模最大的示威游行，谴责贝京政府的战争行为，要求政府对屠杀事件作出调查。贝京政府迫于压力宣布对屠杀事件进行调查，1983年2月7日调查结果公布，指出贝京政府对于大屠杀负有间接责任，<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E9%BE%99" title="阿里埃勒·沙龙">沙龙</a>则负有个人责任。同时调查结果建议免去沙龙国防部长的职务，并禁止他今后担任公职。沙龙本人拒绝辞职，贝京也不愿解除沙龙的职位。1983年2月10日，以色列社会活动家埃米尔·格伦茨威在参加“现在就和平”的集会中被以色列极右翼分子用手榴弹炸死，10人受伤。以色列国内的不满情绪继续高涨，沙龙被迫宣布辞职，改任不管部部长。而公众对于要求贝京辞职的声浪也不断高涨。<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>贝京在谈到大屠杀辩称自己受到了误导。接近十年后，以色列<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%9F%E6%8A%A5" title="国土报">国土报</a>曾发表一系列文章，指责沙龙在战争过程中一直误导和欺骗贝京，导致战事规模不断扩大。1991年沙龙对国土报及作者进行起诉，开始了长达11年的诉讼。贝京的儿子本尼·贝京曾作为被告方证人在法庭作证，2002年法庭判决沙龙败诉。<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="退休"><span id=".E9.80.80.E4.BC.91"></span>退休</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：退休"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Menachem_Begin_commemorative_plaque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Menachem_Begin_commemorative_plaque.jpg/170px-Menachem_Begin_commemorative_plaque.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Menachem_Begin_commemorative_plaque.jpg/255px-Menachem_Begin_commemorative_plaque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Menachem_Begin_commemorative_plaque.jpg/340px-Menachem_Begin_commemorative_plaque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="755" /></a><figcaption>位于贝京出生地<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="布列斯特">布列斯特</a>的纪念碑</figcaption></figure> <p>贝京的妻子阿莉扎于1982年11月去世，而她临终时贝京正在访问美国首都<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%BA" title="华盛顿哥伦比亚特区">华盛顿</a>，妻子的去世对于贝京来说是个极大的打击。因为巴希尔·杰马耶勒的遇刺身亡，贝京所期待的黎以和平协议也遥遥无期。随着驻<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩">黎巴嫩</a>以军的伤亡持续增加，以色列国内的抗议者在他的办公地外持续示威。此外贝京的健康状况也不断恶化，最终1983年8月，贝京向<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E4%BD%90%E5%85%8B" title="哈伊姆·赫尔佐克">赫尔佐克</a>总统提交了辞呈，他对辞职的解释只有一句话“我没法再干下去了”。接替贝京的是与他合作了数十年的前<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E5%B8%8C" class="mw-disambig" title="莱希">莱希</a>领导人<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94" title="伊扎克·沙米尔">伊扎克·沙米尔</a>。 </p><p>退休后的贝京完全停止了公开活动，他隐居在耶路撒冷森林的一处公寓里度过了他人生的最后阶段。贝京除了时常去妻子的墓地祈祷外几乎很少离开自己的住处，贝京的生活由子女和私人秘书照料，他除了亲友和家人外几乎不接待访客，也拒绝记者采访。根据他的私人秘书回忆，贝京每天的大部分时间都在阅读和看电影，几乎每天能看一本书。贝京仍然在关注外部世界，并且坚持着长期养成的每天早晨收听BBC广播的习惯，并订阅了很多报纸，此外贝京还在利库德集团内部保留了一些影响力。<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="去世"><span id=".E5.8E.BB.E4.B8.96"></span>去世</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：去世"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tablica_pami%C4%85tkowa_Menachem_Begin_Auditorium_Maximum_UW.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tablica_pami%C4%85tkowa_Menachem_Begin_Auditorium_Maximum_UW.JPG/170px-Tablica_pami%C4%85tkowa_Menachem_Begin_Auditorium_Maximum_UW.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tablica_pami%C4%85tkowa_Menachem_Begin_Auditorium_Maximum_UW.JPG/255px-Tablica_pami%C4%85tkowa_Menachem_Begin_Auditorium_Maximum_UW.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tablica_pami%C4%85tkowa_Menachem_Begin_Auditorium_Maximum_UW.JPG/340px-Tablica_pami%C4%85tkowa_Menachem_Begin_Auditorium_Maximum_UW.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3029" data-file-height="1937" /></a><figcaption>位于贝京母校<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B2%99%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="华沙大学">华沙大学</a>的纪念碑</figcaption></figure> <p>1992年3月3日，贝京在自己的公寓中突发心脏病，随后被立即送往特拉维夫的艾希洛夫医院的重症监护室，此时贝京的左侧身体已经失去知觉。之后6天里贝京的情况没能得到好转，3月9日凌晨3点15分许，贝京的情况急剧恶化，他的子女也前来探望，一个半小时后贝京去世，早上6点，<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94" title="拉比">拉比</a>为他做了最后的祷告。<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>贝京的葬礼于3月9日下午进行，他的棺木从殡仪馆出发经过4公里的路程抵达<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%84%E6%A6%84%E5%B1%B1" title="橄榄山">橄榄山</a>，路程中成千上万的人前来为他送行。<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>根据贝京的遗嘱，他的葬礼遵照犹太教传统从简。贝京没有下葬于诸多已故以色列领导人墓地所在的赫茨尔山，而是选择了他的妻子墓地所在地<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%84%E6%A6%84%E5%B1%B1" title="橄榄山">橄榄山</a>，因为他希望与妻子及许多地下活动时牺牲的战友在一起。<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 约有七万五千人参加了贝京的葬礼，包括总理<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94" title="伊扎克·沙米尔">沙米尔</a>、总统<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E4%BD%90%E5%85%8B" title="哈伊姆·赫尔佐克">赫尔佐克</a>、以色列内阁全体成员、最高法官、各党派议员和各国驻以色列大使。前伊尔贡成员在葬礼中为贝京扶灵。<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="作品中形象"><span id=".E4.BD.9C.E5.93.81.E4.B8.AD.E5.BD.A2.E8.B1.A1"></span>作品中形象</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：作品中形象"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>贝京曾在第15部<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E4%B8%81%E5%8E%86%E9%99%A9%E8%AE%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="丁丁历险记">丁丁历险记</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E9%87%91%E4%B9%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="黑金之國">黑金之国</a>的初版中出现，<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>但在再版中被删除。<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 此外他也曾在以色列动画电影和<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%B7%B4%E4%BB%80%E5%B0%94%E8%B7%B3%E5%8D%8E%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B9" title="和巴什尔跳华尔兹">和巴什尔跳华尔兹</a>、惊险小说<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第五名骑手" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="The Fifth Horseman (novel)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E5%90%8D%E9%AA%91%E6%89%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第五名骑手（页面不存在）">第五名骑手</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fifth_Horseman_(novel)" class="extiw" title="en:The Fifth Horseman (novel)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">The Fifth Horseman (novel)</span></a></span>）</span></span>和科幻小说<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="惊人的平衡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Worldwar: Striking the Balance"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%8A%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="惊人的平衡（页面不存在）">惊人的平衡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldwar:_Striking_the_Balance" class="extiw" title="en:Worldwar: Striking the Balance"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Worldwar: Striking the Balance</span></a></span>）</span></span>中出现。 </p><p>1977年的美国电影<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奇袭恩德培" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Raid on Entebbe (film)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%87%E8%A2%AD%E6%81%A9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9F%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奇袭恩德培（页面不存在）">奇袭恩德培</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raid_on_Entebbe_(film)" class="extiw" title="en:Raid on Entebbe (film)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Raid on Entebbe (film)</span></a></span>）</span></span>中，由美国演员<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大卫·奥帕图歇" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="David Opatoshu"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B8%95%E5%9B%BE%E6%AD%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大卫·奥帕图歇（页面不存在）">大卫·奥帕图歇</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Opatoshu" class="extiw" title="en:David Opatoshu"><span lang="en" dir="auto">David Opatoshu</span></a></span>）</span></span>饰演，而在1983年描写埃及总统萨达特的短剧<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="萨达特 (电影)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sadat (film)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E8%BE%BE%E7%89%B9_(%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨达特 (电影)（页面不存在）">萨达特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadat_(film)" class="extiw" title="en:Sadat (film)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sadat (film)</span></a></span>）</span></span>中，由美国演员<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴里·莫尔斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Barry Morse"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴里·莫尔斯（页面不存在）">巴里·莫尔斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Morse" class="extiw" title="en:Barry Morse"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Barry Morse</span></a></span>）</span></span>饰演贝京。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/X%E6%88%98%E8%AD%A6" title="X战警">X战警</a>系列漫画的作者之一<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="克里斯·克莱蒙特" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chris Claremont"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克里斯·克莱蒙特（页面不存在）">克里斯·克莱蒙特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Claremont" class="extiw" title="en:Chris Claremont"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chris Claremont</span></a></span>）</span></span>曾表示贝京与漫画中的<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E7%A3%81%E7%8E%8B" title="萬磁王">万磁王</a>有相似之处。<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>关于贝京的舞台剧《贝京先生》于2013年7月在耶路撒冷的贝京遗产中心上演。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="出版书籍"><span id=".E5.87.BA.E7.89.88.E4.B9.A6.E7.B1.8D"></span>出版书籍</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：出版书籍"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Revolt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Revolt（页面不存在）">The Revolt</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0840213700" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8402-1370-0</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=White_Nights_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="White Nights (book)（页面不存在）">White Nights: The Story of a Prisoner in Russia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0060102896" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-06-010289-6</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C07E0DC1F39F93AA25752C1A962948260">Books Of The Times</a>. The New York Times. 1984-11-19 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-01-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080403162733/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C07E0DC1F39F93AA25752C1A962948260">存档</a>于2008-04-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.atitle=Books+Of+The+Times&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.aulast=Lehmann-Haupt&rft.date=1984-11-19&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9C07E0DC1F39F93AA25752C1A962948260&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/sullivan/bios/MenachemBegin-Bio.html">Menachem Begin Biography</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-01-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170201224944/http://www.ibiblio.org/sullivan/bios/MenachemBegin-Bio.html">存档</a>于2017-02-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.btitle=Menachem+Begin+Biography&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fsullivan%2Fbios%2FMenachemBegin-Bio.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141213020727/http://begincenter.org.il/en/Article.aspx?CID=8070">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-01-18</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://begincenter.org.il/en/Article.aspx?CID=8070">原始内容</a>存档于2014-12-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbegincenter.org.il%2Fen%2FArticle.aspx%3FCID%3D8070&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernard Reich, <i>Political Leaders of the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa,</i> Greenwood Press, Westport, 1990 p.71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anita_Shapira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anita Shapira（页面不存在）">Anita Shapira</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/pages/ShArtSR.jhtml?itemNo=723209&objNo=59651&returnParam=Y">Begin on the Couch</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110818052605/http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/pages/ShArtSR.jhtml?itemNo=723209&objNo=59651&returnParam=Y">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, Haaretz Books, in Hebrew</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/magazine/begin-s-legacy-the-man-who-transformed-israel-1.414180">Begin's Legacy / The man who transformed Israel</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-01-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924235635/http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/magazine/begin-s-legacy-the-man-who-transformed-israel-1.414180">存档</a>于2015-09-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.btitle=Begin%27s+Legacy+%2F+The+man+who+transformed+Israel&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fweekend%2Fmagazine%2Fbegin-s-legacy-the-man-who-transformed-israel-1.414180&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Haber, Eitan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/menahembegin00eita">Menahem Begin: The Legend and the Man</a>. New York: Delacorte. 1978.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.aufirst=Eitan&rft.aulast=Haber&rft.btitle=Menahem+Begin%3A+The+Legend+and+the+Man&rft.date=1978&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Delacorte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmenahembegin00eita&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-betar.co.uk-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-betar.co.uk_8-0"><sup><b>8.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-betar.co.uk_8-1"><sup><b>8.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.betar.co.uk/betaris/begin.php">menachem begin</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090522/http://www.betar.co.uk/betaris/begin.php">存檔</a>，存档日期2016-03-04.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lehr Wagner, Heather: <i>Anwar Sadat and Menachem Begin: negotiating peace in the Middle East</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-haber1978-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-haber1978_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eitan_Haber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eitan Haber（页面不存在）">Haber, Eitan</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/menahembegin00eita">Menachem Begin: The Legend and the Man</a>. New York: Delacorte Press. 1978. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-440-05553-9" title="Special:网络书源/0-440-05553-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-440-05553-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.aufirst=Eitan&rft.aulast=Haber&rft.btitle=Menachem+Begin%3A+The+Legend+and+the+Man&rft.date=1978&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-440-05553-9&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Delacorte+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmenahembegin00eita&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LeavingAndersArmy-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LeavingAndersArmy_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sources differ on how Begin left Anders' Army. Many indicate that he was discharged, e.g.: <ul><li>Eitan Haber (1979). <i>Menachem Begin: The Legend and the Man</i>. Dell Publishing Company. p. 136. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780440161073" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-440-16107-3</a>. "A while later Anders's Chief of Staff, General Ukolitzky, did agree to the release of six Jewish soldiers to go to the United States on a campaign to get the Jewish community to help the remnants of European Jewry. The Chief of Staff, who was well acquainted with Dr. Kahan, invited him to his office for a drink. There were a number of senior officers present, and Kahan realized that this was a farewell party for Ukolitzky. 'I'm leaving here on a mission, and my colleagues are throwing a party but the last document I signed was an approval of release for Menahem Begin.'"</li> <li>Bernard Reich (1990) <i>Political Leaders of the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa</i> Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780313262135" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-313-26213-5</a>. p. 72. "In 1942 he arrived in Palestine as a soldier in General Anders's (Polish) army. Begin was discharged from the army in December 1943."</li> <li>Harry Hurwitz (2004). <i>Begin: His Life, Words and Deeds</i>. Gefen Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789652293244" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-965-229-324-4</a>. p. 9. "His friends urged him to desert the Anders Army, but he refused to do any such dishonourable thing and waited until, as a result of negotiations, he was discharged and permitted to enter Eretz Israel, then under British mandatory rule".</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://begincenter.org.il/en/FAQ.aspx?CID=8070">"Biography – White Nights"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160213195525/http://begincenter.org.il/en/FAQ.aspx?CID=8070">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. Menachem Begin Heritage Center. Retrieved 16 January 2012. "Many of the new recruits deserted the army upon their arrival, but Begin decidedly refused to follow suit. 'I swore allegiance to the Polish army – I will not desert,' he resolutely told his friends when he was reunited with them on Jewish soil. Begin served in the Polish army for about a year and a half with the rank of corporal... At the initiative of Aryeh Ben-Eliezer and with the help of Mark Kahan, negotiations began with the Polish army regarding the release of five Jewish soldiers from the army, including Begin, in return for which the members of the IZL delegation would lobby in Washington for the Polish forces. The negotiations lasted many weeks until they finally met with success: The Polish commander announced the release of four of the soldiers. Fortunately, Begin was among them."</li></ul> Others give differing views, e.g.: <ul><li>Amos Perlmutter (1987). <i>The Life and Times of Menachem Begin</i> Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780385189262" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-385-18926-2</a>. p. 134. "In the Ben Eliezer-Mark Kahan version, Begin received a complete, honorable release from the Anders Army. The truth is that he only received a one-year leave of absence, a kind of extended furlough, in order to enable him to join an Anders Army Jewish delegation which would go to the United States seeking help for the Polish government-in-exile. The delegation never materialized, mainly due to British opposition. Begin, however, never received an order to return to the ranks of the Army."</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stefan_Korbo%C5%84ski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stefan Korboński（页面不存在）">Stefan Korboński</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antyk.org.pl/teksty/ozydach-08.htm">"ROZDZIAŁ IV: ŻYDZI W CZASIE OKUPACJI"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160902065926/http://www.antyk.org.pl/teksty/ozydach-08.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. "Kapral Menachem Begin podejmując decyzję, czy zostać czy walczyć z faszystami, stwierdził: "Armia, której mundur noszę i której składałem przysięgę wojskową, walczy ze śmiertelnym wrogiem narodu żydowskiego, faszystowskimi Niemcami. Nie można opuścić takiej armii, nawet po to, aby walczyć o wolność we własnym kraju... Na prośbę Irgunu Drymmer zwrócił się do Generała Tokarzewskiego z sugestią, aby zwolnił Menachema Begina za aktywną służbę, ponieważ jest on potrzebny organizacjom żydowskim. Jako były przywódca Podziemia w pełni rozumiał on co się dzieje, a ponieważ sprzyjał celom, do których osiągnięcia dążyło żydowska konspiracja, generał dał Beginowi urlop na czas nieokreślony."</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bell-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bell_12-0"><sup><b>12.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bell_12-1"><sup><b>12.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bell_12-2"><sup><b>12.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bell_12-3"><sup><b>12.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bell_12-4"><sup><b>12.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bell, Bowyer J.: <i>Terror out of Zion</i> (1976)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yehuda_Bauer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yehuda Bauer（页面不存在）">Yehuda Bauer</a>, <i>From Diplomacy to Resistance: A history of Jewish Palestine,</i> Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia, 1970 p.325.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoffman-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hoffman_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoffman, Bruce: <i>Anonymous Soldiers</i> (2015)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charters, David A.: <i>The British Army and Jewish Insurgency in Palestine, 1945–47</i> (1989), p. 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tom_Segev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tom Segev（页面不存在）">Tom Segev</a>, <i>One Palestine, Complete: Jews and Arabs Under the British Mandate</i>, Henry Holt and Co. 2000, p. 490</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In his book ‘The Revolt’ (1951), Begin outlines the history of the Irgun’s fight against British rule.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.begincenter.org.il/uploads/articles/english/Speech%20May%2015%201948.pdf">Begin's Speech on Saturday 15 May 1948</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130929125301/http://www.begincenter.org.il/uploads/articles/english/Speech%20May%2015%201948.pdf">存檔</a>，存档日期2013-09-29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Silver, Eric (1984) "Begin. A Biography". Weidenfeld and Nicolson, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0297783998" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-297-78399-8</a>. Page 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris, 1948, p272: "Altogether eighteen men died in the clashes, most of them IZL". Katz, Days of Fire (an Irgun memoir), p247: 16 Irgun, 2 Hagana. Perliger, Jewish Terrorism in Israel, p27: 16 Irgun and 2 Hagana.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Koestler, Arthur (First published 1949) <b>Promise and Fulfilment – Palestine 1917–1949</b> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0333351525" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-333-35152-5</a>. Page 249 : "About forty people had been killed in the fighting on the beaches, on board the ship, or while trying to swim ashore."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Netanyahu, Benjamin (1993) <b>A Place among the Nations – Israel and the World.</b> British Library catalogue number 0593 034465. Page 444. "eighty-two members of the Irgun were killed."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Altalena_PalYam-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Altalena_PalYam_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090508061556/http://www.palyam.org/English/IS/Kaplan_Aryeh_Kippy">Aryeh Kaplan, <i>This is the Way it Was</i> at Palyam site</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-01-18</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palyam.org/English/IS/Kaplan_Aryeh_Kippy">原始内容</a>存档于2009-05-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.btitle=Aryeh+Kaplan%2C+This+is+the+Way+it+Was+at+Palyam+site&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palyam.org%2FEnglish%2FIS%2FKaplan_Aryeh_Kippy&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knesset.gov.il/lexicon/eng/begin_eng.htm">Menahem Begin (1913–1992)</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-01-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170118222958/https://www.knesset.gov.il/lexicon/eng/begin_eng.htm">存档</a>于2017-01-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.btitle=Menahem+Begin+%281913%E2%80%931992%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knesset.gov.il%2Flexicon%2Feng%2Fbegin_eng.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Schuster, Ruth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/features/this-day-in-jewish-history/.premium-1.629813"><span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>This Day in Jewish History / N.Y. Times publishes letter by Einstein, other Jews accusing Menachem Begin of fascism</a>. Haaretz. 2014-12-04 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-01-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150409090700/http://www.haaretz.com/news/features/this-day-in-jewish-history/.premium-1.629813">存档</a>于2015-04-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.atitle=%27This+Day+in+Jewish+History+%2F+N.Y.+Times+publishes+letter+by+Einstein%2C+other+Jews+accusing+Menachem+Begin+of+fascism&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft.aulast=Schuster&rft.date=2014-12-04&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2Fthis-day-in-jewish-history%2F.premium-1.629813&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>"The Gun and the Olive Branch"</i> p 472-473, David Hirst, quotes <i>Lilienthal, Alfred M., The Zionist Connection, What Price Peace?, Dodd, Mead and Company, New York, 1978, pp.350–3</i> – <i>Albert Einstein joined other distinguished citizens in chiding these `Americans of national repute' for honoring a man whose party was `closely akin in its organization, methods, political philosophy and social appeal to the Nazi and Fascist parties'.</i> See text at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phys4.harvard.edu/~wilson/NYTimes1948.html">Harvard.edu</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20071217113044/http://phys4.harvard.edu/~wilson/NYTimes1948.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） and image here <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.yayacanada.com/einstein_ltr_fascism.html">[1]</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20090704021403/http://www.yayacanada.com/einstein_ltr_fascism.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. Verified 5 December 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Einstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Einstein">Einstein</a> had already publicly denounced the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Revisionist_Zionism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revisionist Zionism（页面不存在）">Revisionists</a> in 1939; at the same time Rabbi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Wise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Wise（页面不存在）">Stephen Wise</a> denounced the movement as, "Fascism in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yiddish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yiddish（页面不存在）">Yiddish</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hebrew&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hebrew（页面不存在）">Hebrew</a>." See Rosen, Robert N., <i>Saving the Jews: Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Holocaust</i>, Thunder's Mouth Press, New York, 2006, p. 318.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/british-documents-reveal-begin-refused-entry-to-u-k-in-1950s-1.371838">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-01-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151127032220/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/british-documents-reveal-begin-refused-entry-to-u-k-in-1950s-1.371838">存档</a>于2015-11-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fprint-edition%2Fnews%2Fbritish-documents-reveal-begin-refused-entry-to-u-k-in-1950s-1.371838&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Colin Shindler. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/landbeyondpromis0000shin">The Land Beyond Promise: Israel, Likud and the Zionist Dream</a>. I. B. Tauris. 2002: xviii,45, 57, 87.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.au=Colin+Shindler&rft.btitle=The+Land+Beyond+Promise%3A+Israel%2C+Likud+and+the+Zionist+Dream&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=xviii%2C45%2C+57%2C+87&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flandbeyondpromis0000shin&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1230111698016&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FPrinter,">By George</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2012年6月失效">失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[See his Speech (Hebrew) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://lib.cet.ac.il/Pages/item.asp?item=7188">http://lib.cet.ac.il/Pages/item.asp?item=7188</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20080503135854/http://lib.cet.ac.il/Pages/item.asp?item=7188">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jun/15/germany.lukeharding">Menachem Begin plotted assassination attempt to kill German chancellor</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180504055705/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jun/15/germany.lukeharding">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, Luke Harding, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" class="mw-redirect" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, 15 June 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nachman Ben-Yehuda, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=19ZMulluIgkC&pg=PA275&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=0_0#v=onepage&q=&f=false"><i>Political Assassinations by Jews: A Rhetorical Device for Justice</i></a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160603191727/https://books.google.com/books?id=19ZMulluIgkC&pg=PA275&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=0_0#v=onepage&q=&f=false">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, SUNY Press, New York, 1993</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,2054061,00.html">Report Says Begin Was Behind Adenauer Letter Bomb</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110225042308/http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,2054061,00.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, Deutsche Welle, 13 June 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/pages/ShArtPE.jhtml?itemNo=726635&contrassID=2&subContrassID=21&sbSubContrassID=0">Sudite: I sent the bomb on Begin's order</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110605023943/http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/pages/ShArtPE.jhtml?itemNo=726635&contrassID=2&subContrassID=21&sbSubContrassID=0">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, in Hebrew</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" class="mw-redirect" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> 30 May 1977, <i>The Zealot</i>, <blockquote><p> But he quit in 1970 when Prime Minister Golda Meir, under pressure from Washington, renewed a cease-fire with Egypt along the Suez Canal.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_B._Quandt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William B. Quandt（页面不存在）">William B. Quandt</a>, <i>Peace Process, American Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli Conflict since 1967</i>, p194, ff</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ewXm2afBe0AC&pg=PA60">Policy Implementation of Social Welfare in the 1980s</a> By Frederick A. Lazin. Google Books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160809204159/https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/2010-2011/asia/israel.html">Old Age, Disability, and Survivors</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-01-18</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/progdesc/ssptw/2010-2011/asia/israel.html">原始内容</a>存档于2016-08-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.btitle=Old+Age%2C+Disability%2C+and+Survivors&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssa.gov%2Fpolicy%2Fdocs%2Fprogdesc%2Fssptw%2F2010-2011%2Fasia%2Fisrael.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aHTZxre-2MMC&pg=PA173">Public Policy in Israel</a> By David Nachmias and Gila Menachem. Google Books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-benn-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-benn_41-0"><sup><b>41.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-benn_41-1"><sup><b>41.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-benn_41-2"><sup><b>41.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/misc/iphone-article/for-better-or-worse-begin-s-legacy-is-embedded-in-israel-s-economy.premium-1.526153">For better or worse, Begin’s legacy is embedded in Israel's economy</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-01-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170508151110/http://www.haaretz.com/misc/iphone-article/for-better-or-worse-begin-s-legacy-is-embedded-in-israel-s-economy.premium-1.526153">存档</a>于2017-05-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.btitle=For+better+or+worse%2C+Begin%E2%80%99s+legacy+is+embedded+in+Israel%27s+economy&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fmisc%2Fiphone-article%2Ffor-better-or-worse-begin-s-legacy-is-embedded-in-israel-s-economy.premium-1.526153&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0016_0_16111.html">Project Renewal</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-01-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160610213440/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0016_0_16111.html">存档</a>于2016-06-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.btitle=Project+Renewal&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2Fjudaica%2Fejud_0002_0016_0_16111.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shilon, Avi: <i>Menachem Begin: A Life</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nGNMBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA241">Discord in Zion: Conflict Between Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews in Israel</a> G. N. Giladi, 1990. Google Books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ad_zCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5">Data and Policy Change: The Fragility of Data in the Policy Context</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JPQuAQH7uKA&t=0h0m0s">YouTube上的Begin Visits New York Before Camp David</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to data published by the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics, and collated by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peacenow.org.il/site/en/peace.asp?pi=51">[[Peace Now]]</a>], the number of settlers in the West Bank grew from 5000 in the early seventies to more than 20000 in 1983 <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100902143852/http://www.peacenow.org.il/site/en/peace.asp?pi=51">存檔</a>，存档日期2010-09-02.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1990_1999/1999/3/The%20Status%20of%20Jerusalem">耶路撒冷地位</a>. 以色列外交部. 1999-03-14 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-02-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070302234612/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1990_1999/1999/3/The%20Status%20of%20Jerusalem">存档</a>于2007-03-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.btitle=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D&rft.date=1999-03-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FMFAArchive%2F1990_1999%2F1999%2F3%2FThe%2520Status%2520of%2520Jerusalem&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simons, Geoff: <i>Iraq: From Summer to Saddam</i>. St. Martin's Press, 1996, p. 320</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150409082243/http://carnegieendowment.org/programs/npp/index.cfm?fa-proj&id=116">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-11-13</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carnegieendowment.org/programs/npp/index.cfm?fa-proj&id=116">原始内容</a>存档于2015-04-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carnegieendowment.org%2Fprograms%2Fnpp%2Findex.cfm%3Ffa-proj%26id%3D116&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Striking first: Preemptive and preventive attack in U.S. national security</i> – Karl P. Mueller</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-name_of_reference_goes_here-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-name_of_reference_goes_here_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yehuda_Avner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yehuda Avner（页面不存在）">Avner, Yehuda</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/primeministersin0000avne">The Prime Ministers: An Intimate Narrative of Israeli Leadership</a>. The Toby Press. 2010: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/primeministersin0000avne/page/551">551</a>–563. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-59264-278-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-59264-278-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-59264-278-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.aufirst=Yehuda&rft.aulast=Avner&rft.btitle=The+Prime+Ministers%3A+An+Intimate+Narrative+of+Israeli+Leadership&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-59264-278-6&rft.pages=551-563&rft.pub=The+Toby+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprimeministersin0000avne&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nti.org/country-profiles/israel/nuclear/">Country Profiles -Israel</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20141006135509/http://www.nti.org/country-profiles/israel/nuclear/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Threat_Initiative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuclear Threat Initiative（页面不存在）">Nuclear Threat Initiative</a> (NTI) updated May 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Perry, Dan. <i>Israel and the Quest for Permanence</i>. McFarland & Co Inc., 1999. p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shabbat-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-shabbat_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010222124207/http://www.jewishgates.org/history/modhis/elal.stm">El-Al, Israel's Airline</a>. Gates of Jewish Heritage. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishgates.org/history/modhis/elal.stm">原始内容</a>存档于2001-02-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.btitle=El-Al%2C+Israel%27s+Airline&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Gates+of+Jewish+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishgates.org%2Fhistory%2Fmodhis%2Felal.stm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jillian Becker, <i>The PLO</i>, (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1984), pp. 202, 279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ze%27ev_Schiff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ze'ev Schiff（页面不存在）">Schiff, Ze'ev</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ehud_Yaari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ehud Yaari（页面不存在）">Ehud, Yaari</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/israelslebanonwa0000schi">Israel's Lebanon War</a>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. 1984. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-671-47991-1" title="Special:网络书源/0-671-47991-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-671-47991-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.au=Ehud%2C+Yaari&rft.aufirst=Ze%27ev&rft.aulast=Schiff&rft.btitle=Israel%27s+Lebanon+War&rft.date=1984&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-671-47991-1&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisraelslebanonwa0000schi&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/breaking-the-silence-of-cowards-1.36149">Breaking the silence of cowards</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170118220513/http://www.haaretz.com/breaking-the-silence-of-cowards-1.36149">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） Haaretz, 23 August 2002. Retrieved 26 April 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19860726&id=4_hNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VIsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6855,4381001">Begin is a recluse 3 years after retirement</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-01-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160501141338/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19860726&id=4_hNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VIsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6855,4381001">存档</a>于2016-05-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.btitle=Begin+is+a+recluse+3+years+after+retirement&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1298%26dat%3D19860726%26id%3D4_hNAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DVIsDAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D6855%2C4381001&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2209&dat=19870402&id=tZBKAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RpQMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5747,372516">Menachem Begin in seclusion, but still wields influence</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-01-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160508061559/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2209&dat=19870402&id=tZBKAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RpQMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5747,372516">存档</a>于2016-05-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.btitle=Menachem+Begin+in+seclusion%2C+but+still+wields+influence&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D2209%26dat%3D19870402%26id%3DtZBKAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DRpQMAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5747%2C372516&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19851030&id=C18zAAAAIBAJ&sjid=tO8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=1409,5058182">Menachem Begin stays in seclusion 2 years after quitting as Israeli PM</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-01-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160514041445/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2194&dat=19851030&id=C18zAAAAIBAJ&sjid=tO8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=1409,5058182">存档</a>于2016-05-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.btitle=Menachem+Begin+stays+in+seclusion+2+years+after+quitting+as+Israeli+PM&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D2194%26dat%3D19851030%26id%3DC18zAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DtO8FAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1409%2C5058182&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hurwitz, pp. 238–239</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ou.org/chagim/yomhaatzmauth/begin.html">Menachem Begin</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-01-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120926135313/http://www.ou.org/chagim/yomhaatzmauth/begin.html">存档</a>于2012-09-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.btitle=Menachem+Begin&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ou.org%2Fchagim%2Fyomhaatzmauth%2Fbegin.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Sedan, Gil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130518210913/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-2237831.html">Menachem Begin is Laid to Rest in Simple Mount of Olives Ceremony</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jewish_Telegraphic_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jewish Telegraphic Agency（页面不存在）">Jewish Telegraphic Agency</a>. 1992-03-10 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-10-07</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-2237831.html">原始内容</a>存档于2013-05-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.atitle=Menachem+Begin+is+Laid+to+Rest+in+Simple+Mount+of+Olives+Ceremony&rft.aufirst=Gil&rft.aulast=Sedan&rft.date=1992-03-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Telegraphic+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1P1-2237831.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> (subscription required)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/846330.html">The good jailer – Israel News|Haaretz Daily Newspaper</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-01-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326071126/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/846330.html">存档</a>于2009-03-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.btitle=The+good+jailer+%E2%80%93+Israel+News%7CHaaretz+Daily+Newspaper&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fspages%2F846330.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hurwitz p. 239</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oocities.org/hergesadventuresoftintin03/blackgold/">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-01-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170510103708/http://www.oocities.org/hergesadventuresoftintin03/blackgold/">存档</a>于2017-05-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oocities.org%2Fhergesadventuresoftintin03%2Fblackgold%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160914011836/http://middleeast.about.com/od/mediacultureandthearts/a/tintin-arabs.htm">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-01-18</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://middleeast.about.com/od/mediacultureandthearts/a/tintin-arabs.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2016-09-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmiddleeast.about.com%2Fod%2Fmediacultureandthearts%2Fa%2Ftintin-arabs.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Foege, Alec. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nymag.com/nymetro/arts/features/3522/">The X-Men Files</a>. New York Magazine. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-09-23</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130901233120/http://nymag.com/nymetro/arts/features/3522/">存档</a>于2013-09-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.atitle=The+X-Men+Files&rft.aufirst=Alec&rft.aulast=Foege&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Magazine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fnymetro%2Farts%2Ffeatures%2F3522%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="扩展阅读"><span id=".E6.89.A9.E5.B1.95.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>扩展阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：扩展阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yehuda_Avner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yehuda Avner（页面不存在）">Avner, Yehuda</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Prime_Ministers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Prime Ministers（页面不存在）">The Prime Ministers: An Intimate Narrative of Israeli Leadership</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toby_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toby Press（页面不存在）">Toby Press</a>. 2010. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-59264-278-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-59264-278-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-59264-278-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/758724969"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 758724969</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&rft.aufirst=Yehuda&rft.aulast=Avner&rft.btitle=The+Prime+Ministers%3A+An+Intimate+Narrative+of+Israeli+Leadership&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-59264-278-6&rft.pub=Toby+Press&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F758724969&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Ilan Peleg, <i>Begin’s foreign policy, 1977–1983 : Israel’s move to the right</i>, Greenwood Press, 1987</li> <li>Eric Silver, <i>Begin: The Haunted Prophet</i>, Random House, 1984</li> <li>Sasson Sofer, <i>Begin: an anatomy of leadership</i>, Basil Blackwell, 1988</li> <li>Avi Shilon, <i>Begin , 1913–1992</i>, 2007</li> <li>Frank Gervasi, <i>The life and times of Menahem Begin : rebel to statesman</i>, Putnam, 1979</li> <li>Harry Hurwitz, Yisrael Medad, "Peace in the Making", <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gefen_Publishing_House&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gefen Publishing House（页面不存在）">Gefen Publishing House</a>, 2010</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Gordis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Gordis（页面不存在）">Daniel Gordis</a>, <i>Menachem Begin: The Battle for Israel's Soul</i>, Nextbook, 2014</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%AD%E5%BD%95" title="维基语录">维基语录</a>上的<b><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/梅纳赫姆·贝京">梅纳赫姆·贝京语录</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>中相关的多媒体资源：<b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC?uselang=zh">梅纳赫姆·贝京</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a>中的相关原始文献：<b><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/梅纳赫姆·贝京">梅纳赫姆·贝京</a></b></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="官方资料"><span id=".E5.AE.98.E6.96.B9.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>官方资料</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：官方资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216011841/http://www.begincenter.org.il/home.asp">The Menachem Begin Heritage Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pmo.gov.il/PMOEng/Archive/Speeches/2004/06/begin1606.htm">PM Sharon's Address at the Opening Ceremony for the Begin Heritage Centre Building</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170118222959/http://www.pmo.gov.il/PMOEng/Archive/Speeches/2004/06/begin1606.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, 16 June 2004.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120220034546/http://www.pmo.gov.il/PMOEng/History/FormerPrimeMinister/MenacheBegin.htm">Menachem Begin – The Sixth Prime Minister</a> at the Official Site of the [Israeli] Prime Minister's Office.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mk_eng.asp?mk_individual_id_t=692">以色列議會網站上梅纳赫姆·贝京的介紹</a>. <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knesset.gov.il/lexicon/eng/begin_eng.htm">in English</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170118222958/https://www.knesset.gov.il/lexicon/eng/begin_eng.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他链接"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>其他链接</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%AB%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：其他链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110903011255/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace%20Process/Guide%20to%20the%20Peace%20Process/Camp%20David%20Accords">The Camp David Accords</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/King_David.html">The Bombing of the King David Hotel</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20161027005532/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/King_David.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050403174652/http://www.etzel.org.il/">Irgun webpage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110916104801/http://www.globalwebpost.com/farooqm/study_res/einstein/nyt_letter.html">1948 Letter of some Eminent Jews to New York Times</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobel.se/peace/laureates/1978/begin-bio.html">The Begin Biography</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20040830080722/http://www.nobel.se/peace/laureates/1978/begin-bio.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） at the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Foundation">Nobel Foundation</a> website.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071128003608/http://www.irus.co.il/images/clali/61.jpg">Bodies of murdered Clifford Martin and Marvyn Paice</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713111547/http://www.jinsider.com/videos/vid/200-history/3411-begin-wins-noble-peace-prize.html">Menachem Begin Noble Peace Prize Speech</a> at JInsider History Moment.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brest-belarus.org/bc/Briskers/Begin_memorial.i.html">Menachem Begin Memorial Dedication in Brest, Belarus</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110812210242/http://brest-belarus.org/bc/Briskers/Begin_memorial.i.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） <ul><li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="俄語">（俄文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vb.by/article.php?topic=3&article=21050">About the future Begin Monument in Brest, Belarus</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20131102075920/http://vb.by/article.php?topic=3&article=21050">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vecherniy_Brest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vecherniy Brest（页面不存在）">Vecherniy Brest</a></i>, Brest, Belarus.</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="俄語">（俄文）</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vb.by/article.php?topic=4&article=22782">Unveiling of the Begin Monument in Brest, Belarus (October 31, 2013)</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140420094903/http://vb.by/article.php?topic=4&article=22782">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, <i>Vecherniy Brest</i>, Brest, Belarus.</li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120228163851/http://www.archives.gov.il/NR/exeres/EA9B7FDB-4453-4849-B53C-B888DF23F8C3%2Cframeless.htm?NRMODE=Published">Prime Minister Menachem Begin on justice and the rule of law: selected documents on the 20th anniversary of his death</a> at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel_State_Archives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Israel State Archives（页面不存在）">Israel State Archives</a> (Prime Minister's Office).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishhistorylectures.org/2013/04/28/menachem-begin-a-new-israel///">"Menachem Begin: A New Israel", Video Lecture</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170718113940/http://jewishhistorylectures.org/2013/04/28/menachem-begin-a-new-israel///">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Abramson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Abramson（页面不存在）">Henry Abramson</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131005090137/http://www.archives.gov.il/ArchiveGov_Eng/Publications/ElectronicPirsum/MenachemBegin/">Prime Minister Menachem Begin on justice and the rule of law: selected documents on the 20th anniversary of his death on Israel State Archives website</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box" style="width: auto; margin: 0.5em auto; font-size:95%; clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="white-space:nowrap;"> <td width="30%" align="center">前任：<br /><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="希蒙·佩雷斯">希蒙·佩雷斯</a>（代理）</b> </td> <td width="40%" align="center"><b>以色列總理</b><br />1977-1983年 </td> <td width="30%" align="center">繼任：<br /><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94" title="伊扎克·沙米尔">伊扎克·沙米尔</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BB%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:以巴冲突"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="-&#123;zh-hans:巴以冲突;_zh-hant:以巴衝突;zh-sg:以巴冲突;&#125;-" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81" title="以巴冲突">巴以冲突</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="参与方" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">参与方</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/25px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/38px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/50px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="以色列國防軍">以色列國防軍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F" title="以色列警察">以色列警察</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%96%A9%E5%BE%B7" title="摩薩德">摩薩德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E8%B2%9D%E7%89%B9" title="辛貝特">辛贝特</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/25px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/38px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/50px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9C%8B" title="巴勒斯坦國">巴勒斯坦</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">主要参与者</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%9D%83%E5%8A%9B%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84" title="巴勒斯坦民族权力机构">巴勒斯坦民族权力机构</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="巴勒斯坦解放組織">巴勒斯坦解放組織</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%A1%94%E8%B5%AB" title="法塔赫">法塔赫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF" title="哈马斯">哈马斯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">其他派别</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%96%A9%E7%83%88%E5%A3%AB%E6%97%85" title="阿克薩烈士旅">阿克薩烈士旅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E9%99%A3%E7%B7%9A" title="解放巴勒斯坦民主陣線">解放巴勒斯坦民主陣線</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E9%98%B5%E7%BA%BF" title="巴勒斯坦解放阵线">巴勒斯坦解放阵线</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%9C%A3%E6%88%98%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="巴勒斯坦伊斯兰圣战运动">巴勒斯坦伊斯兰圣战组织</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%96%97%E4%BA%89%E9%98%B5%E7%BA%BF" title="巴勒斯坦人民斗争阵线">巴勒斯坦人民斗争阵线</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E9%98%B5%E7%BA%BF" title="解放巴勒斯坦人民阵线">解放巴勒斯坦人民阵线</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E9%99%A3%E7%B7%9A%E2%80%94%E7%B8%BD%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E9%83%A8" title="解放巴勒斯坦人民陣線—總指揮部">解放巴勒斯坦人民陣線總指揮部</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人民抵抗委员会（页面不存在）">人民抵抗委员会</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">第三方</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="阿拉伯国家联盟">阿拉伯国家联盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A" title="真主党">真主党</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%A1%9E%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="胡塞运动">胡塞武装</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">伊朗</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E8%BB%B8%E5%BF%83" title="抵抗軸心">抵抗軸心</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="有关人物" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">有关人物</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" title="以色列人">以色列人</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF" title="摩西·阿伦斯">摩西·阿伦斯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%B1%B3%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%BE%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿米·阿亚龙（页面不存在）">阿米·阿亚龙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%83%A1%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="埃胡德·巴拉克">埃胡德·巴拉克</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">梅纳赫姆·贝京</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E6%A0%B9" title="梅尔·达根">梅尔·达根</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E6%89%AC" title="摩西·达扬">摩西·达扬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%B6%AD%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9" title="阿維·迪希特">阿維·迪希特</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%A4%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E6%96%AF%E9%87%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尤瓦尔·迪斯金（页面不存在）">尤瓦尔·迪斯金</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC-%E5%8F%A4%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89" title="大衛·本-古里安">大衛·本-古里安</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%8B%92%E7%BB%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃弗雷姆·哈勒维（页面不存在）">埃弗雷姆·哈勒维</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E9%B2%81%E5%85%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丹·哈鲁兹（页面不存在）">丹·哈鲁兹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E7%9A%AE%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%AB%E5%B0%BC" title="齐皮·利夫尼">齐皮·利夫尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E5%8E%84" title="果尔达·梅厄">果尔达·梅厄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E4%B9%8C%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B9" title="沙乌勒·莫法兹">沙乌勒·莫法兹</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E8%BF%AA%E5%87%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊扎克·莫迪凯（页面不存在）">伊扎克·莫迪凯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%85%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E5%86%85%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%83%A1" title="本雅明·内塔尼亚胡">本雅明·内塔尼亚胡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%83%A1%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E9%BB%98%E7%89%B9" title="埃胡德·奥尔默特">埃胡德·奥尔默特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="希蒙·佩雷斯">希蒙·佩雷斯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雅科夫·佩里" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yaakov Peri"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%87%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅科夫·佩里（页面不存在）">雅科夫·佩里</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaakov_Peri" class="extiw" title="en:Yaakov Peri"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yaakov Peri</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%BE" title="伊扎克·拉宾">伊扎克·拉宾</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E5%86%9C%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%E9%87%91-%E6%B2%99%E5%93%88%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿姆农·利普金-沙哈克（页面不存在）">阿姆农·利普金-沙哈克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94" title="伊扎克·沙米尔">伊扎克·沙米尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E9%BE%99" title="阿里埃勒·沙龙">阿里埃勒·沙龙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%99%E5%B8%83%E6%B3%B0%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E7%BB%B4%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沙布泰·沙维特（页面不存在）">沙布泰·沙维特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E9%98%BF%E9%9A%86" title="摩西·亚阿隆">摩西·亚阿隆</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E6%89%98%E5%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丹尼·亚托姆（页面不存在）">丹尼·亚托姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B9%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E6%89%8E%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94" title="兹维·扎米尔">兹维·扎米尔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BA%BA" title="巴勒斯坦人">巴勒斯坦人</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E7%A9%86%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%9C%A8%E6%97%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆罕穆德·在旦（页面不存在）">阿布·阿巴斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%93%88%E8%8C%82%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF" title="马哈茂德·阿巴斯">马哈茂德·阿巴斯</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E8%90%A8%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%95%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆萨·阿拉法特（页面不存在）">穆萨·阿拉法特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%95%E7%89%B9" title="亚西尔·阿拉法特">亚西尔·阿拉法特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%9E%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E4%BA%9E%E4%BB%80" title="葉海亞·阿亞什">叶海亚·阿亚什</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%87%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%A4%E6%8F%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马尔万·巴尔古提（页面不存在）">马尔万·巴尔古提</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E8%B5%AB%E5%85%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆罕默德·达赫兰（页面不存在）">穆罕默德·达赫兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E5%A4%AB" title="穆罕默德·戴夫">穆罕默德·戴夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%B7%B4%E4%BB%80" title="乔治·哈巴什">乔治·哈巴什</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E8%BF%AA%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E8%BE%BE%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦迪·哈达德（页面不存在）">瓦迪·哈达德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E6%A2%85%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="伊斯梅尔·哈尼亚">伊斯梅尔·哈尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%93%A6%E7%89%B9%E8%BF%88%E8%B5%AB" title="纳耶夫·哈瓦特迈赫">纳耶夫·哈瓦特迈赫</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%90%89%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E4%BE%AF%E8%B5%9B%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈吉·阿明·侯赛因（页面不存在）">哈吉·阿明·侯赛因</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E9%BD%90%C2%B7%E8%B4%BE%E5%B7%B4%E9%87%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加齐·贾巴里（页面不存在）">加齐·贾巴里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%93%88%E8%BF%88%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%B4%BE%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%8B%92" title="艾哈迈德·贾布里勒">艾哈迈德·贾布里勒</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%88%A9%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%85%B9%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哈利勒·沃兹尔（页面不存在）">阿布·杰哈德</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89%E8%B5%AB%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨拉赫·卡拉夫（页面不存在）">萨拉赫·卡拉夫</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8C%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%AB%8B%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="里拉·哈立德（页面不存在）">里拉·哈立德</a></li> <li><a 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title="艾哈迈德·亚辛">艾哈迈德·亚辛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="时间线" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E4%BB%A5%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴以冲突历史（页面不存在）">时间线</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="背景" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%89%98%E7%AE%A1%E5%9C%B0%E7%9A%84%E9%83%A8%E6%97%8F%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴勒斯坦托管地的部族冲突（页面不存在）">背景</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1920年–1948年" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">1920年<br />–1948年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%A8%97%E7%AE%A1%E5%9C%B0" title="巴勒斯坦託管地">巴勒斯坦託管地</a></li> <li><small>1920年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1920%E5%B9%B4%E7%BA%B3%E6%AF%94%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E8%90%A8%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1920年纳比·穆萨暴动（页面不存在）">纳比·穆萨暴动</a></li> <li><small>1921年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E6%B3%95%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅法暴动（页面不存在）">雅法暴动</a></li> <li><small>1929年</small> <a href="/wiki/1929%E5%B9%B4%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%9A%B4%E5%8B%95" title="1929年巴勒斯坦阿拉伯人暴動">巴勒斯坦暴动</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/1929%E5%B9%B4%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BC%A6%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%A0%E6%9D%80" title="1929年希伯伦大屠杀">希伯伦大屠杀</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><small>1936年–1939年</small> <a href="/wiki/1936%E5%B9%B4%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="1936年巴勒斯坦阿拉伯人大起义">阿拉伯大起义</a></li> <li><small>1937年–1948年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%A1%E8%A2%AD%E5%87%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊尔贡袭击列表（页面不存在）">伊尔贡袭击</a></li> <li><small>1947年–1948年</small> <a href="/wiki/1947-1948%E5%B9%B4%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%A8%97%E7%AE%A1%E5%9C%B0%E5%85%A7%E6%88%B0" title="1947-1948年巴勒斯坦託管地內戰">内战</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1948年–1970年" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">1948年<br />–1970年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><small>1948年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第一次中东战争">阿以战争</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E6%9C%9F%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E6%83%A8%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第一次中东战争期间的惨案（页面不存在）">惨案</a></small></li></ul></li> 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title="加西姆村惨案（页面不存在）">加西姆村惨案</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%97%E5%B0%A4%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%83%A8%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="汗尤尼斯惨案（页面不存在）">汗尤尼斯惨案</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%95%E8%B5%AB%E6%83%A8%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉法赫惨案（页面不存在）">拉法赫惨案</a></li> <li><small>1967年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第三次中东战争">六日战争</a></li> <li><small>1967年–1970年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E4%BB%A5%E6%B6%88%E8%80%97%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="埃以消耗战争">消耗战争</a> <ul><li><small>1968年 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E9%BA%A6%E6%88%98%E6%96%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡拉麦战斗（页面不存在）">卡拉麦战斗</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BA%BA%E6%9A%B4%E4%B9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南黎巴嫩地区的巴勒斯坦人暴乱（页面不存在）">巴勒斯坦人暴乱</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1968年–1982年" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">1968年<br />–1982年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><small>1970年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%BB%B4%E7%BB%B4%E5%A7%86%E6%A0%A1%E8%BD%A6%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿维维姆校车爆炸案（页面不存在）">阿维维姆校车爆炸案</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%A3%AE%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4%E5%8A%AB%E6%A9%9F%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="道森機場劫機事件">道森機場劫機事件</a></li> <li><small>1972年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%8E%8E%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA649%E8%99%9F%E7%8F%AD%E6%A9%9F%E5%8A%AB%E6%A9%9F%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="漢莎航空649號班機劫機事件">漢莎航空649號班機劫機事件</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA571%E5%8F%B7%E7%8F%AD%E6%9C%BA%E5%8A%AB%E6%9C%BA%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="比利时航空571号班机劫机事件">比利时航空571号班机劫机事件</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E6%85%95%E5%B0%BC%E9%BB%91%E6%83%A8%E6%A1%88" title="慕尼黑惨案">慕尼黑惨案</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D%E4%B9%8B%E6%80%92%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="上帝之怒行動">“上帝的复仇”行动</a></li> <li><small>1974年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%A2%E8%8E%AB%E7%BA%B3%E5%9F%8E%E6%83%A8%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="谢莫纳城惨案（页面不存在）">谢莫纳城惨案</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E9%98%BF%E6%B4%9B%E7%89%B9%E6%83%A8%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马阿洛特惨案（页面不存在）">马阿洛特惨案</a></li> <li><small>1975年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E6%B2%83%E4%BC%8A%E9%85%92%E5%BA%97%E8%A2%AD%E5%87%BB%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨沃伊酒店袭击案（页面不存在）">萨沃伊酒店袭击案</a></li> <li><small>1976年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9F%B9%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8" title="恩德培行动">“恩德培”行动</a></li> <li><small>1978年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E8%B7%AF%E6%83%A8%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海岸路惨案（页面不存在）">海岸路惨案</a> / <a href="/wiki/1978%E5%B9%B4%E5%8D%97%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81" title="1978年南黎巴嫩冲突">“利塔尼”行动</a></li> <li><small>1980年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%A5%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E5%A4%AB-%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E8%A2%AD%E5%87%BB%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弥斯加夫-阿姆袭击案（页面不存在）">弥斯加夫-阿姆袭击案</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1973年–1987年" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">1973年<br />–1987年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><small>1973年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%96%E7%BD%AA%E6%97%A5%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="贖罪日戰爭">贖罪日戰爭</a></li> <li><small>1975年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%94%A1%E5%AE%89%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="锡安广场爆炸案（页面不存在）">锡安广场爆炸案</a></li> <li><small>1982年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="第五次中东战争">黎巴嫩战争</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%B4%E6%94%BB%E8%B4%9D%E9%B2%81%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="围攻贝鲁特（页面不存在）">围攻贝鲁特</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><small>1984年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=300%E8%B7%AF%E5%85%AC%E4%BA%A4%E8%BD%A6%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="300路公交车事件（页面不存在）">300路公交车事件</a></li> <li><small>1985年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%9F%BA%E8%90%8A%C2%B7%E5%8B%9E%E5%80%AB%E8%99%9F" title="阿基萊·勞倫號">“阿基莱·劳伦号”劫持案</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E8%85%B3%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="木腳行動">“木脚”行动</a></li> <li><small>1987年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BB%91%E7%BF%94%E6%9C%BA%E4%B9%8B%E5%A4%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="滑翔机之夜（页面不存在）">“滑翔机之夜”袭击</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%A4%A7%E8%B5%B7%E7%BE%A9" title="第一次巴勒斯坦大起義">第一次大起义</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1987年–1991/1993/1994年" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em;padding-left:0.5em;">1987年<br />–1991<br />/1993<br />/1994年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><small>1988年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%AA%81%E8%A2%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="突尼斯突袭（页面不存在）">突尼斯突袭</a></li> <li><small>1989年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%AB%E2%80%93%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7405%E8%B7%AF%E5%85%AC%E4%BA%A4%E8%BD%A6%E8%87%AA%E6%9D%80%E5%BC%8F%E8%A2%AD%E5%87%BB%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特拉维夫–耶路撒冷405路公交车自杀式袭击案（页面不存在）">405路公交车袭击案</a></li> <li><small>1990年代</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BA%BA%E8%87%AA%E6%9D%80%E5%BC%8F%E8%A2%AD%E5%87%BB%E6%A1%88%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴勒斯坦人自杀式袭击案列表（页面不存在）">巴勒斯坦人自杀式袭击案</a></li> <li><small>1994年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E5%8D%9C%E6%8B%89%E6%AC%A3%E5%A4%A7%E6%83%A8%E6%A1%88" title="易卜拉欣大惨案">易卜拉欣惨案</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%90%A8%E7%BE%A4%E4%BC%97%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="阿克萨群众起义">第二次大起义</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="2000年–2005年" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">2000年<br />–2005年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BA%BA%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%BC%B9%E8%A2%AD%E5%87%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列境内的巴勒斯坦人火箭弹袭击（页面不存在）">巴勒斯坦人火箭弹袭击</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BA%BA%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E5%BC%B9%E8%A2%AD%E5%87%BB%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列境内的巴勒斯坦人火箭弹袭击事件列表（页面不存在）">列表</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BA%BA%E8%87%AA%E6%9D%80%E5%BC%8F%E8%A2%AD%E5%87%BB%E6%A1%88%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴勒斯坦人自杀式袭击案列表（页面不存在）">巴勒斯坦人自杀式袭击案</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%9A%97%E6%9D%80%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列暗杀行动列表（页面不存在）">以色列针对巴勒斯坦人的暗杀行动</a></li> <li><small>2000年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=2000%E5%B9%B4%E5%8D%81%E6%9C%88%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2000年十月事件（页面不存在）">十月事件</a></li> <li><small>2001年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E6%89%98%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣托里尼事件（页面不存在）">“圣托里尼”事件</a></li> <li><small>2002年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%AF%E7%90%B3A%E5%8F%B7%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凯琳A号事件（页面不存在）">“凯琳A号”事件</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%B2%E5%BE%A1%E7%9B%BE%E7%89%8C%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="防御盾牌行动（页面不存在）">“防御盾牌”行动</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B0%E5%AE%81%E6%88%98%E6%96%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="杰宁战斗（页面不存在）">杰宁战斗</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B3%E5%B8%83%E5%8D%A2%E6%96%AF%E6%88%98%E6%96%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纳布卢斯战斗（页面不存在）">纳布卢斯战斗</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%9A%E5%AE%9A%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="坚定道路行动（页面不存在）">“坚定道路”行动</a></li> <li><small>2003年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E6%A1%91_(%E8%88%B9)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿布·哈桑 (船)（页面不存在）">阿布·哈桑</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E5%9B%A0%E8%90%A8%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%A9%BA%E8%A2%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾因萨海布空袭（页面不存在）">艾因萨海布空袭</a></li> <li><small>2004年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%BD%A9%E8%99%B9%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列彩虹行动（页面不存在）">“彩虹”行动</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E7%AA%81%E8%A2%AD%E6%8B%9C%E7%89%B9%E5%93%88%E5%86%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列突袭拜特哈农（页面不存在）">拜特哈农突袭</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%8E%E7%BD%AA%E6%97%A5%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赎罪日行动（页面不存在）">“赎罪日”行动</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="2006年–2010年" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">2006年<br />–2010年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><small>2006年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%96%E8%B4%A7%E5%9B%9E%E5%AE%B6%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="取货回家行动（页面不存在）">“取货回家”行动</a></li> <li><small>2008年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%A1%E5%85%B9%E2%80%A2%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E6%83%A8%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅尔卡兹•哈拉夫犹太神学院惨案（页面不存在）">梅尔卡兹·哈拉夫</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E6%8E%A8%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%BA%E8%A2%AD%E5%87%BB%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耶路撒冷推土机袭击事件（页面不存在）">耶路撒冷推土机袭击事件</a></li> <li><small>2010年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=2010%E5%B9%B4%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2010年巴勒斯坦武装活动（页面不存在）">巴勒斯坦武装活动</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%96%A9%E2%80%94%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81" title="加薩—以色列衝突">加薩—以色列衝突</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="2006年–至今" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">2006年<br />–<small>至今</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><small>2006年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E8%BD%B0%E7%82%B8%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%99%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列轰炸加沙海岸（页面不存在）">以色列轰炸加沙海岸</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=2006%E5%B9%B4%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%99%E8%BE%B9%E5%A2%83%E7%AA%81%E8%A2%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2006年加沙边境突袭（页面不存在）">加沙边境突袭</a> / <a href="/wiki/2006%E5%B9%B4%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%99%E5%8D%B1%E6%9C%BA" title="2006年加沙危机">“夏雨”行动</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%8B%E4%BA%91%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="秋云行动（页面不存在）">“秋云”行动</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=2006%E5%B9%B4%E7%82%AE%E5%87%BB%E6%8B%9C%E7%89%B9%E5%93%88%E5%86%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2006年炮击拜特哈农（页面不存在）">炮击拜特哈农</a></li> <li><small>2008年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=2008%E5%B9%B4%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%99%E2%80%93%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C%E7%A0%B4%E5%9D%8F%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008年加沙–埃及边界破坏行动（页面不存在）">破坏加沙–埃及边界</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%AD%E5%86%AC%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="热冬行动（页面不存在）">“热冬”行动</a></li> <li><small>2008年–2009年</small> <a href="/wiki/2008%E8%87%B32009%E5%B9%B4%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%99%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="2008至2009年加沙戰爭">加沙战争</a></li> <li><small>2010年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%99%E8%88%B9%E9%98%9F%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81" title="加沙船队冲突">加沙船队冲突</a></li> <li><small>2012年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=2012%E5%B9%B43%E6%9C%88%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%99%E2%80%93%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2012年3月加沙–以色列冲突（页面不存在）">“和平回声”行动</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E6%9F%B1%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8" title="云柱行动">“防务之柱”行动</a></li> <li><small>2014</small> <a href="/wiki/2014%E5%B9%B4%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%99%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="2014年加沙戰爭">“保护边界”行动</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2015年以巴衝突時間線" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2015"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E5%B7%B4%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2015年以巴衝突時間線（页面不存在）"><small>2015</small></a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict_in_2015" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2015"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2015</span></a></span>）</span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%88%B9%E9%98%9FIII%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自由船队III行动（页面不存在）">“自由船队III”行动</a> / <a href="/wiki/2015%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E5%B7%B4%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81" title="2015年以巴衝突">以巴冲突</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2016年以巴衝突時間線" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2016"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2016%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E5%B7%B4%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2016年以巴衝突時間線（页面不存在）"><small>2016</small></a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict_in_2016" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2016"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2016</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2017年以巴衝突時間線" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2017"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2017%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E5%B7%B4%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2017年以巴衝突時間線（页面不存在）"><small>2017</small></a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict_in_2017" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2017"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2017</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2018年以巴衝突時間線" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2018"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2018%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E5%B7%B4%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2018年以巴衝突時間線（页面不存在）"><small>2018</small></a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict_in_2018" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2018"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2018</span></a></span>）</span></span> <a href="/wiki/2018%E5%B9%B411%E6%9C%88%E4%BB%A5%E5%B7%B4%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81" title="2018年11月以巴衝突">以巴冲突</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2019年以巴衝突時間線" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2019"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E5%B7%B4%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019年以巴衝突時間線（页面不存在）"><small>2019</small></a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict_in_2019" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2019"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2019</span></a></span>）</span></span> <a href="/wiki/2019%E5%B9%B45%E6%9C%88%E4%BB%A5%E5%93%88%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81" title="2019年5月以哈衝突">以巴衝突</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2020年以巴衝突時間線" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2020"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2020%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E5%B7%B4%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2020年以巴衝突時間線（页面不存在）"><small>2020</small></a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict_in_2020" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2020"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2020</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2021年以巴衝突時間線" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2021"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2021%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E5%B7%B4%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2021年以巴衝突時間線（页面不存在）"><small>2021</small></a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict_in_2021" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2021"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2021</span></a></span>）</span></span> <a href="/wiki/2021%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%8D%B1%E6%9C%BA" title="2021年以巴危机">以巴冲突</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2022年以巴衝突時間線" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2022"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2022%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E5%B7%B4%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2022年以巴衝突時間線（页面不存在）"><small>2022</small></a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict_in_2022" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2022"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2022</span></a></span>）</span></span> <a href="/wiki/2022%E5%B9%B4%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%90%A8%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81" title="2022年阿克萨清真寺冲突">阿克萨清真寺冲突</a> / <a href="/wiki/2022%E5%B9%B4%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%99%E2%80%94%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81" title="2022年加沙—以色列冲突">“破晓”行动</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2023年以巴衝突時間線" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2023"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2023%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E5%B7%B4%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2023年以巴衝突時間線（页面不存在）"><small>2023</small></a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict_in_2023" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2023"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2023</span></a></span>）</span></span> <a href="/wiki/2023%E5%B9%B4%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%90%A8%E6%B8%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%BA%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81" title="2023年阿克萨清真寺冲突">阿克萨清真寺冲突</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E2%80%94%E5%93%88%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="以色列—哈馬斯戰爭">以色列—哈馬斯戰爭</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="外交努力" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">外交努力</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="时间线" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">时间线</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">1948年<br />–1991年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><small>1948年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E4%BA%A1" title="巴勒斯坦人大逃亡">巴勒斯坦人大逃亡</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=1948%E5%B9%B4%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E9%9A%BE%E6%97%B6%E6%92%A4%E7%A9%BA%E7%9A%84%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%BA%BA%E5%9F%8E%E9%95%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1948年巴勒斯坦人大逃难时撤空的阿拉伯人城镇列表（页面不存在）">撤空的城镇</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><small>1949年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1949%E5%B9%B4%E6%B4%9B%E6%A1%91%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1949年洛桑会议（页面不存在）">洛桑会议</a></li> <li><small>1967–至今</small> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%AE%9A%E5%B1%85%E7%82%B9" title="以色列定居点">以色列定居点</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%AE%9A%E5%B1%85%E8%80%85%E6%9A%B4%E8%A1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列定居者暴行（页面不存在）">定居者暴行</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%B3%95%E5%92%8C%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%AE%9A%E5%B1%85%E7%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国际法和以色列定居点（页面不存在）">国际法</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="一國方案">一國方案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="兩國方案">兩國方案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="三國方案">三國方案</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">1990年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><small>1991年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1991%E5%B9%B4%E9%A9%AC%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1991年马德里会议（页面不存在）">马德里会议</a></li> <li><small>1993年/1995年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E9%99%B8%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0" title="奧斯陸協議">奧斯陸協議</a></li> <li><small>1994年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6" title="巴黎经济议定书">巴黎经济议定书</a></li> <li><small>1994年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%96%A9-%E8%80%B6%E5%88%A9%E5%93%A5%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="加薩-耶利哥協定">加沙-杰里科自治原则宣言</a></li> <li><small>1994年–至今</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%B9%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%9D%83%E5%8A%9B%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%8F%B4%E5%8A%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美国对巴勒斯坦民族权力机构的安全援助（页面不存在）">美国对巴勒斯坦民族权力机构的安全援助</a></li> <li><small>1997年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%AF%E4%BC%A6%E9%87%8D%E6%96%B0%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E8%AE%AE%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="希伯伦重新部署议定书（页面不存在）">希伯伦协议</a></li> <li><small>1998年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%80%E4%BC%8A%E6%B2%B3%E5%A4%87%E5%BF%98%E5%BD%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="怀伊河备忘录（页面不存在）">怀伊河备忘录</a></li> <li><small>1999年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%99%E5%A7%86%E6%B2%99%E4%BC%8A%E8%B5%AB%E5%A4%87%E5%BF%98%E5%BD%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沙姆沙伊赫备忘录（页面不存在）">沙姆沙伊赫备忘录</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">2000年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><small>2000年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=2000%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%E8%90%A5%E9%A6%96%E8%84%91%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2000年戴维营首脑会议（页面不存在）">戴维营会议</a></li> <li><small>2001年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塔巴协议（页面不存在）">塔巴协议</a></li> <li><small>2002年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E6%9C%89%E9%97%9C%E5%9B%9B%E6%96%B9" title="中東問題有關四方">中東問題有關四方</a></li> <li><small>2003年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E8%B7%AF%E7%B7%9A%E5%9C%96" title="和平路線圖">和平路線圖</a></li> <li><small>2005年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%92%A4%E7%A6%BB%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%99" title="以色列撤离加沙">以色列撤离加沙</a></li> <li><small>2005年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%9A%E8%A1%8C%E8%BF%9B%E5%87%BA%E5%8D%8F%E5%AE%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="通行进出协定（页面不存在）">通行进出协定</a></li> <li><small>2006年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%80%A1%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿拉伯和平倡议（页面不存在）">阿拉伯和平倡议</a></li> <li><small>2007年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=2007%E5%B9%B4%E5%AE%89%E7%BA%B3%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2007年安纳波利斯会议（页面不存在）">安纳波利斯会议</a></li> <li><small>2009年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=2009%E5%B9%B4%E6%AF%8F%E6%97%A5%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E6%8A%A5%E4%B8%8E%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%89%E8%AE%AE%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2009年每日瑞典报与以色列争议事件（页面不存在）">《每日瑞典报》争议</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">2010年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><small>2010年–2011年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E4%BB%A5%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E8%B0%88%E5%88%A4_(2010%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%932011%E5%B9%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴以直接谈判 (2010年–2011年)（页面不存在）">直接谈判</a></li> <li><small>2011年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴勒斯坦文件（页面不存在）">巴勒斯坦文件</a></li> <li><small>2013年</small> <a href="/w/index.php?title=2013-14%E5%B9%B4%E5%B7%B4%E4%BB%A5%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E8%B0%88%E5%88%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013-14年巴以和平谈判（页面不存在）">2013-14年巴以和平谈判</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E4%BB%A5%E5%92%8C%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴以和联合国（页面不存在）">联合国斡旋</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><small>1947年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83%E7%AC%AC181%E8%99%9F%E6%B1%BA%E8%AD%B0" title="聯合國大會第181號決議">联大181号决议案</a></li> <li><small>1948年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E7%AC%AC194%E5%8F%B7%E5%86%B3%E8%AE%AE" title="联合国大会第194号决议">联大194号决议案</a></li> <li><small>1967年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%83%E7%AC%AC242%E8%99%9F%E6%B1%BA%E8%AD%B0" title="聯合國安全理事會第242號決議">安理会242号决议案</a></li> <li><small>1980年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A%E7%AC%AC478%E5%8F%B7%E5%86%B3%E8%AE%AE" title="联合国安全理事会第478号决议">安理会478号决议案</a></li> <li><small>2016年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A%E7%AC%AC2334%E5%8F%B7%E5%86%B3%E8%AE%AE" title="联合国安全理事会第2334号决议">安理會2334號決議案</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=以色列&#124;link=以色列_以色列总理" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="Template:以色列总理"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:以色列总理（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:以色列总理"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=以色列&#124;link=以色列_以色列总理" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列"><img alt="以色列" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="以色列总理">总理</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC-%E5%8F%A4%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89" title="大衛·本-古里安">戴维·本-古里安</a>（1948–1953） <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E5%A4%8F%E9%87%8C%E7%89%B9" title="摩西·夏里特">摩西·夏里特</a>（1953–1955）<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC-%E5%8F%A4%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89" title="大衛·本-古里安">戴维·本-古里安</a>（1955–1963）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E5%B8%8C%E7%A7%91%E5%B0%94" title="列维·艾希科尔">列维·艾希科尔</a>（1963–1969）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <i><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%9A%86" title="伊加尔·阿隆">伊加尔·阿隆</a><small>（代）</small></i></span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E5%8E%84" title="果尔达·梅厄">果尔达·梅厄</a>（1969–1974）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%BE" title="伊扎克·拉宾">伊扎克·拉宾</a>（1974–1977）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a class="mw-selflink selflink">梅纳赫姆·贝京</a>（1977–1983）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94" title="伊扎克·沙米尔">伊扎克·沙米尔</a>（1983–1984）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="希蒙·佩雷斯">希蒙·佩雷斯</a>（1984–1986）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94" title="伊扎克·沙米尔">伊扎克·沙米尔</a>（1986–1992）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%BE" title="伊扎克·拉宾">伊扎克·拉宾</a>（1992–1995）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="希蒙·佩雷斯">希蒙·佩雷斯</a>（1995–1996）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%85%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E5%86%85%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%83%A1" title="本雅明·内塔尼亚胡">本雅明·内塔尼亚胡</a>（1996–1999）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%83%A1%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="埃胡德·巴拉克">埃胡德·巴拉克</a>（1999–2001）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E9%BE%99" title="阿里埃勒·沙龙">阿里埃勒·沙龙</a>（2001–2006）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%83%A1%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E9%BB%98%E7%89%B9" title="埃胡德·奥尔默特">埃胡德·奥尔默特</a>（2006–2009）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%85%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E5%86%85%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%83%A1" title="本雅明·内塔尼亚胡">本雅明·内塔尼亚胡</a>（2009–2021）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E5%A4%AB%E5%A1%94%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E5%85%A7%E7%89%B9" title="納夫塔利·貝內特">納夫塔利·貝內特</a>（2021–2022）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%9A%AE%E5%BE%B7" title="亚伊尔·拉皮德">亚伊尔·拉皮德</a>（2022）</span> <span class="nowrap">→ <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%85%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E5%86%85%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%83%A1" title="本雅明·内塔尼亚胡">本雅明·内塔尼亚胡</a>（2022–）</span></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="以色列總理旗"><img alt="以色列總理旗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3685" data-file-height="2551" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=以色列&#124;link=以色列_以色列国防部长" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF" title="Template:以色列国防部长"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:以色列国防部长（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9B%BD%E9%98%B2%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:以色列国防部长"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=以色列&#124;link=以色列_以色列国防部长" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列"><img alt="以色列" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E9%83%A8#以色列国防部长" title="以色列國防部">以色列国防部长</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>参见：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E9%83%A8" title="以色列國防部">以色列国防部</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC-%E5%8F%A4%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89" title="大衛·本-古里安">本-古里安</a>（1948–1954）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E5%93%88%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%86%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平哈斯·拉冯（页面不存在）">拉冯</a>（1954–1955）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC-%E5%8F%A4%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89" title="大衛·本-古里安">本-古里安</a>（1955–1963）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E5%B8%8C%E7%A7%91%E5%B0%94" title="列维·艾希科尔">艾希科尔</a>（1963–1967）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E6%89%AC" title="摩西·达扬">达扬</a>（1967–1974）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="希蒙·佩雷斯">佩雷斯</a>（1974–1977）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%B3%BD%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%AD%8F%E8%8C%A8%E6%9B%BC" title="埃泽尔·魏茨曼">魏茨曼</a>（1977–1980）</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">贝京</a>（1980–1981）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E9%BE%99" title="阿里埃勒·沙龙">沙龙</a>（1981–1983）</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">贝京</a>（1983）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF" title="摩西·阿伦斯">阿伦斯</a>（1983–1984）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%BE" title="伊扎克·拉宾">拉宾</a>（1984–1990）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94" title="伊扎克·沙米尔">沙米尔</a>（1990）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF" title="摩西·阿伦斯">阿伦斯</a>（1990–1992）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%BE" title="伊扎克·拉宾">拉宾</a>（1992–1995）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="希蒙·佩雷斯">佩雷斯</a>（1995–1996）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E8%BF%AA%E5%87%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊扎克·莫迪凯（页面不存在）">莫迪凯</a>（1996–1999）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF" title="摩西·阿伦斯">阿伦斯</a>（1999）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%83%A1%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="埃胡德·巴拉克">巴拉克</a>（1999–2001）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%85%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC-%E5%9F%83%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="本雅明·本-埃利泽（页面不存在）">本-埃利泽</a>（2001–2002）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E4%B9%8C%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B9" title="沙乌勒·莫法兹">莫法兹</a>（2002–2006）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%9B%B7%E8%8C%A8" title="阿米尔·佩雷茨">佩雷茨</a>（2006–2007）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%83%A1%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="埃胡德·巴拉克">巴拉克</a>（2007–2013）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E9%98%BF%E9%9A%86" title="摩西·亚阿隆">亚阿隆</a>（2013–2016）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BB%B4%E6%A0%BC%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E4%BC%AF%E6%9B%BC" title="阿维格多·利伯曼">利伯曼</a>（2016–2018）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E5%A4%AB%E5%A1%94%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E5%85%A7%E7%89%B9" title="納夫塔利·貝內特">貝內特</a>（2019–2020）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E7%94%98%E8%8C%A8" title="本尼·甘茨">甘茨</a>（2020–2022）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E9%98%BF%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%B0%E7%89%B9" title="约阿夫·加兰特">加蘭特</a>（2022-）</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Israel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=以色列&#124;link=以色列_以色列通信部长" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF" title="Template:以色列通信部长"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:以色列通信部长（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:以色列通信部长"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=以色列&#124;link=以色列_以色列通信部长" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列"><img alt="以色列" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E9%83%A8" title="以色列通信部">通信部长</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E8%BF%AA%E5%87%AF%C2%B7%E7%BA%BD%E7%BD%97%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫迪凯·纽罗克（页面不存在）">纽罗克</a>（1952）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC" title="约瑟夫·伯格">伯格</a>（1952–1958）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E9%BD%90%E8%8E%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列·巴尔齐莱（页面不存在）">巴尔齐莱</a>（1958–1959）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%85%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E6%98%8E%E5%85%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="本雅明·明兹（页面不存在）">明兹</a>（1960–1961）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%83%A1%C2%B7%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃利亚胡·赛尚（页面不存在）">赛尚</a>（1961–1967）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%C2%B7%E5%8F%B6%E6%B2%99%E9%9B%85%E8%83%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以色列·叶沙雅胡（页面不存在）">叶沙雅胡</a>（1967–1969）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E5%88%A9%E6%A2%85%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾利梅里克·里马尔特（页面不存在）">里马尔特</a>（1969–1970）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="希蒙·佩雷斯">佩雷斯</a>（1970–1974）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E5%93%88%E9%BE%99%C2%B7%E4%B9%8C%E8%B5%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃哈龙·乌赞（页面不存在）">乌赞</a>（1974）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%BE" title="伊扎克·拉宾">拉宾</a>（1974–1975）</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E5%93%88%E9%BE%99%C2%B7%E4%B9%8C%E8%B5%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃哈龙·乌赞（页面不存在）">乌赞</a>（1975–1977 代理）</i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">贝京</a>（1977）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E5%8E%84%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅厄·阿米特（页面不存在）">阿米特</a>（1977–1978）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E8%BE%BE%E4%BC%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊扎克·莫达伊（页面不存在）">莫达伊</a>（1979–1980）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约拉姆·阿里多尔（页面不存在）">阿里多尔</a>（1981）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E8%BF%AA%E5%87%AF%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E6%B3%A2%E9%87%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫迪凯·吉波里（页面不存在）">吉波里</a>（1981–1984）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E5%86%9C%C2%B7%E9%B2%81%E5%AE%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿姆农·鲁宾斯坦（页面不存在）">鲁宾斯坦</a>（1984–1987）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%A6%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E9%9B%85%E5%8F%AF%E6%AF%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迦得·雅可比（页面不存在）">雅可比</a>（1987–1990）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E6%96%90%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B9%B3%E5%93%88%E8%A5%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉斐尔·平哈西（页面不存在）">平哈西</a>（1990–1992）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="摩西·沙哈尔（页面不存在）">沙哈尔</a>（1992–1993）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E6%8B%89%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%BC" title="舒拉米特·阿洛尼">阿洛尼</a>（1993–1996）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%A9%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%8E%89%E5%A4%AB%E7%BA%B3%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="利莫尔·莉夫纳特（页面不存在）">莉夫纳特</a>（1996–1999）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%85%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC-%E5%9F%83%E5%88%A9%E6%B3%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="本雅明·本-埃利泽（页面不存在）">本-埃利泽</a>（1999–2001）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB%E6%9E%97" title="鲁文·里夫林">里夫林</a>（2001–2003）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E9%BE%99" title="阿里埃勒·沙龙">沙龙</a>（2003）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%83%A1%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E9%BB%98%E7%89%B9" title="埃胡德·奥尔默特">奥尔默特</a>（2003–2005）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%88%A9%E5%A8%85%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E9%BD%90%E5%85%8B" title="达利娅·伊齐克">伊齐克</a>（2005）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E8%B5%AB%E6%9D%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚伯拉罕·希尔斯赫松（页面不存在）">希尔斯赫松</a>（2006）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%92%82%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿里埃勒·阿蒂亚斯（页面不存在）">阿蒂亚斯</a>（2006–2009）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E9%9A%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="摩西·卡隆（页面不存在）">卡隆</a>（2009–2013）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%B9" title="吉拉德·埃尔丹">埃尔丹</a>（2013–2014）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%85%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E5%86%85%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%83%A1" title="本雅明·内塔尼亚胡">内塔尼亚胡</a>（2014–2017）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%A5%E6%89%8E%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%85%A7%E6%AF%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="查扎·哈內比（页面不存在）">哈內比</a>（2017）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%A4%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿尤布·卡拉（页面不存在）">卡拉</a>（2017–19）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%9C%E8%BF%AA%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E8%90%A8%E5%8B%92%E5%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="杜迪·阿姆萨勒姆（页面不存在）">阿姆萨勒姆</a>（2019–20）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B9%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="约阿兹·亨德尔">亨德尔</a>（2020）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E5%9D%A6%C2%B7%E9%87%91%E5%85%B9%E5%A0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃坦·金兹堡（页面不存在）">金兹堡</a>（2021）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B9%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="约阿兹·亨德尔">亨德尔</a>（2021–）</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Israel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=以色列&#124;link=以色列_以色列司法部长" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF" title="Template:以色列司法部长"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:以色列司法部长（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%83%A8%E9%95%BF" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:以色列司法部长"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="class=notpageimage&#124;22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=以色列&#124;link=以色列_以色列司法部长" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列"><img alt="以色列" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%83%A8" title="以色列司法部">以色列司法部长</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%8F%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平夏斯·罗森（页面不存在）">罗森</a> （1948–1951）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E4%BD%9B%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多佛·约瑟夫（页面不存在）">约瑟夫</a> （1951–1952）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E6%81%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海姆·柯恩（页面不存在）">柯恩</a> （1952）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%8F%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平夏斯·罗森（页面不存在）">罗森</a> （1952–1956）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC-%E5%8F%A4%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89" title="大衛·本-古里安">本-古里安</a> （1956–1958）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%8F%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="平夏斯·罗森（页面不存在）">罗森</a> （1958–1961）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E4%BD%9B%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多佛·约瑟夫（页面不存在）">约瑟夫</a> （1961–1966）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E5%A7%86%E6%9D%BE%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E7%9A%AE%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅科夫·希姆松·沙皮拉（页面不存在）">沙皮拉</a> （1966–1972）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E5%8E%84" title="果尔达·梅厄">梅厄</a> （1972）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E5%A7%86%E6%9D%BE%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E7%9A%AE%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅科夫·希姆松·沙皮拉（页面不存在）">沙皮拉</a> （1972–1973）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E5%8E%84" title="果尔达·梅厄">梅厄</a> （1973–1974）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%89%8E%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海姆·约瑟夫·扎多克（页面不存在）">扎多克</a> （1974–1977）</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">贝京</a> （1977）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%92%92%E6%AF%8D%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A1%94%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="撒母尔·塔米尔（页面不存在）">塔米尔</a> （1977–1980）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E8%BE%9B%E5%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫西·尼辛姆（页面不存在）">尼辛姆</a> （1980–1986）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E8%BE%BE%E4%BC%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊扎克·莫达伊（页面不存在）">莫达伊</a> （1986）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿乌拉罕·沙里尔（页面不存在）">沙里尔</a> （1986–1988）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达恩·梅里多尔（页面不存在）">梅里多尔</a> （1988–1992）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戴维·利巴伊（页面不存在）">利巴伊</a> （1992–1996）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%86%85%E5%9F%83%E6%9B%BC" title="雅科夫·内埃曼">奈曼</a> （1996）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E9%9B%85%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E5%86%85%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%83%A1" title="本雅明·内塔尼亚胡">内塔尼亚胡</a> （1996）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%A5%E9%BB%91%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%86%85%E6%88%88%E6%AF%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="查黑·哈内戈比（页面不存在）">哈内戈比</a> （1996–1999）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约西·贝林（页面不存在）">贝林</a> （1999–2001）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E5%8E%84%C2%B7%E8%B0%A2%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅厄·谢特里特（页面不存在）">谢特里特</a> （2001–2003）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E7%B1%B3%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%9A%AE%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托米·拉皮德（页面不存在）">拉皮德</a> （2003–2004）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E7%9A%AE%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%AB%E5%B0%BC" title="齐皮·利夫尼">利夫尼</a> （2004–2006）*</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E8%92%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海姆·雷蒙（页面不存在）">雷蒙</a> （2006）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%85%E5%8E%84%C2%B7%E8%B0%A2%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梅厄·谢特里特（页面不存在）">谢特里特</a> （2006）*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%83%A1%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E9%BB%98%E7%89%B9" title="埃胡德·奥尔默特">奥尔默特</a> （2006）*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E7%9A%AE%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%AB%E5%B0%BC" title="齐皮·利夫尼">利夫尼</a> （2006–2007）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E6%9B%BC" title="丹尼尔·弗里德曼">弗里德曼</a> （2007–2009）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%86%85%E5%9F%83%E6%9B%BC" title="雅科夫·内埃曼">内埃曼</a> （2009–2013）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E7%9A%AE%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%AB%E5%B0%BC" title="齐皮·利夫尼">利夫尼</a> （2013–2014）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%80%B6%E8%90%8A%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E5%87%B1%E5%BE%B7" title="阿耶萊特·沙凱德">沙凱德</a>（2015–2019）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%93%88%E7%BA%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿米尔·奥哈纳（页面不存在）">奥哈纳</a>（2019–2020）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E6%A3%AE%E7%A7%91%E6%81%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿维·尼森科恩（页面不存在）">尼森科恩</a>（2020–2021）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E7%94%98%E8%8C%A8" title="本尼·甘茨">甘茨</a>（2021）*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%BF%81%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94" title="吉德翁·萨尔">萨尔</a>（2022）</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Israel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>*在内阁全部或者部分任期内代替行使司法部长职权，直至下一任司法部长上任为止。</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="诺贝尔和平奖获得者" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%A5%96%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E8%80%85" title="Template:诺贝尔和平奖获得者"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%A5%96%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E8%80%85" title="Template talk:诺贝尔和平奖获得者"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%A5%96%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E8%80%85" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:诺贝尔和平奖获得者"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="诺贝尔和平奖获得者" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔和平奖">诺贝尔和平奖</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E7%8D%8E%E5%BE%97%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="諾貝爾和平獎得主列表">获得者</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901年—1925年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap">1901年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E5%8D%97" title="亨利·杜南">杜南</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E8%A5%BF" title="弗雷德里克·帕西">帕西</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1902年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E7%A7%91%E9%97%A8" title="埃利·迪科门">迪科門</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%9D%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E5%B7%B4" title="夏尔·阿尔贝·戈巴">戈巴特</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1903年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E9%BB%98" title="兰德尔·克里默">克里默</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1904年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%B3%95%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2" title="國際法研究院">國際法研究院</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1905年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%94%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E8%8B%8F%E7%89%B9%E7%BA%B3" title="贝尔塔·冯·苏特纳">蘇特納</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1906年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%A6%8F" title="西奥多·罗斯福">羅斯福</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1907年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E6%B3%B0%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E5%86%85%E5%A1%94" title="埃内斯托·泰奥多罗·莫内塔">莫内塔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E8%AF%BA_(%E6%B3%95%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="路易·雷诺 (法理学家)">雷诺</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1908年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%93%AC%E5%9B%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%AF%BA%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E6%9D%BE" title="克拉斯·蓬图斯·阿诺尔德松">阿诺尔德松</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E7%89%B9%E7%83%88%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E8%80%B6%E5%B0%94" title="腓特烈·巴耶尔">巴耶尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1909年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%E7%89%B9" title="奥古斯特·贝尔纳特">貝爾納特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97-%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9-%E9%82%A6%E9%9B%85%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9B%BE%E5%86%85%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%BA%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="保罗-亨利-邦雅曼·德斯图内勒·德康斯坦">德康斯坦</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1910年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%B1%80" title="国际和平局">国际和平局</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1911年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94" title="托比亚斯·阿赛尔">阿赛尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7" title="阿尔弗雷德·赫尔曼·弗里德">弗里德</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1912年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%8E%B1%E4%BC%91%C2%B7%E9%B2%81%E7%89%B9" title="伊莱休·鲁特">羅脫</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1913年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="亨利·拉方丹">拉方丹</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1917年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="红十字国际委员会">红十字国际委员会</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1919年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E9%80%8A" title="伍德罗·威尔逊">威爾遜</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1920年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E6%98%82%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%84%92%E7%93%A6" title="莱昂·布儒瓦">布儒瓦</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1921年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%B0%94%E9%A9%AC%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%85%B0%E5%BB%B7" title="卡尔·亚尔马·布兰廷">布蘭廷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E5%8A%B3%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9C%97%E6%A0%BC" title="克里斯蒂安·劳斯·朗格">朗格</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1922年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E4%B9%94%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%8D%97%E6%A3%AE" title="弗里乔夫·南森">南森</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1925年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%B1%80%C2%B7%E5%BC%A0%E4%BC%AF%E4%BC%A6" title="奥斯汀·张伯伦">張伯倫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%9B%96%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E9%81%93%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF" title="查尔斯·盖茨·道威斯">道斯</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926年—1950年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap">1926年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%99%BD%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89" title="阿里斯蒂德·白里安">白里安</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E7%89%B9%E9%9B%B7%E6%BE%A4%E6%9B%BC" title="古斯塔夫·施特雷澤曼">施特雷澤曼</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1927年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E6%9D%BE" title="费迪南·比松">比松</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%E7%BB%B4%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E7%BB%B4%E5%BE%B7" title="路德维希·克维德">克维德</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1929年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%C2%B7B%C2%B7%E5%87%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%A0%BC" title="弗兰克·B·凯洛格">凯洛格</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1930年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E5%9D%A6%C2%B7%E7%91%9F%E5%BE%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%8D%A2%E5%A7%86" title="纳坦·瑟德布卢姆">瑟德布卢姆</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1931年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%C2%B7%E4%BA%9E%E7%95%B6%E6%96%AF" title="珍·亞當斯">亚当斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%BB%98%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92" title="尼古拉斯·默里·巴特勒">巴特勒</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1933年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94" title="诺曼·安吉尔">安吉尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1934年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%91%9F%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%BE%B7%E6%A3%AE" title="阿瑟·亨德森">亨德森</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1935年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%A6%AE%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E8%A5%BF%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA" title="卡爾·馮·奧西茨基">奧西茨基</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1936年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%96%A9%E7%B6%AD%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF" title="卡洛斯·薩維德拉·拉馬斯">薩維德拉·拉馬斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1937年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A3%E5%88%87%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%8D%E5%BE%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%A1%9E%E8%A5%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%AD%90%E7%88%B5%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E8%A5%BF%E7%88%BE" title="第一代切爾伍德的塞西爾子爵羅伯特·塞西爾">塞西爾</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1938年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%A3%AE%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9A%BE%E6%B0%91%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4" title="南森国际难民办公室">南森国际难民办公室</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1944年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="红十字国际委员会">红十字国际委员会</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1945年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94" title="科德尔·赫尔">賀可德</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1946年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E7%B1%B3%E8%8E%89%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%A5%87" title="爱米莉·巴尔奇">巴尔奇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%BE%B7" title="約翰·穆德">穆德</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1947年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E5%8F%8B%E4%BC%9A" title="英国教友会">英国教友会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E5%8F%8B%E4%BC%9A" title="美国教友会">美国教友会</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1949年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94" title="约翰·博伊德·奥尔">奧爾</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1950年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%E5%A5%87" title="拉尔夫·本奇">本奇</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951年—1975年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap">1951年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E6%98%82%C2%B7%E5%84%92%E5%A5%A5" title="莱昂·儒奥">儒奧</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1952年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%87%B7%E5%93%B2" title="阿爾伯特·史懷哲">史懷哲</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1953年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E6%AD%87%E7%88%BE" title="喬治·馬歇爾">馬歇爾</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1954年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%BE%E6%B0%91%E7%BD%B2" title="联合国难民署">联合国难民署</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1957年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E5%B0%94%E9%80%8A" title="莱斯特·皮尔逊">皮爾遜</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1958年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E5%B0%94" title="乔治·皮尔">皮爾</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1959年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E8%AF%BA%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94-%E8%B4%9D%E5%85%8B" title="菲利普·诺埃尔-贝克">諾埃爾-貝克</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1960年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E5%9B%BE%E5%88%A9" title="艾伯特·卢图利">盧圖利</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1961年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E9%A9%AC%E8%88%8D%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="达格·哈马舍尔德">哈馬舍爾德</a>（颁奖前<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BDDC-6%E5%8F%B7%E7%8F%AD%E6%9C%BA%E7%A9%BA%E9%9A%BE" title="联合国DC-6号班机空难">身故</a>） / </span> <span class="nowrap">1962年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%AE%91%E6%9E%97" title="萊納斯·鮑林">鮑林</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1963年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="红十字国际委员会">红十字国际委员会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%8E%E7%BA%A2%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%88%E4%BC%9A%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E4%BC%9A" title="红十字会与红新月会国际联合会">红十字会与红新月会国际联合会</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1964年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%87%91" title="马丁·路德·金">金</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1965年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" title="联合国儿童基金会">联合国儿童基金会</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1968年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%86%85%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%A3%AE" title="勒内·卡森">卡森</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1969年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="國際勞工組織">國際勞工組織</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1970年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%B3%E6%A0%BC" title="诺曼·布劳格">勃勞格</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1971年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%8B%83%E5%85%B0%E7%89%B9" title="维利·勃兰特">勃蘭特</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1973年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%9B%E6%A0%BC" title="亨利·基辛格">基辛格</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%BE%B7%E5%A3%BD" title="黎德壽">黎德壽</a>（拒绝领奖） / </span> <span class="nowrap">1974年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%96%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%83%E8%B5%96%E5%BE%B7" title="肖恩·麦克布赖德">麥克布賴德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E8%97%A4%E8%8D%A3%E4%BD%9C" title="佐藤荣作">佐藤荣作</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1975年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E8%80%B6%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E5%93%88%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%AB" title="安德烈·德米特里耶维奇·萨哈罗夫">薩哈羅夫</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976年—2000年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap">1976年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E8%92%82%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E6%96%AF" title="貝蒂·威廉斯">威廉斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E9%87%8C%E6%A0%B9%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E5%A5%8E%E7%88%BE" title="梅里德·科里根·麥奎爾">科里根</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1977年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%89%B9%E8%B5%A6%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="國際特赦組織">國際特赦組織</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1978年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E8%96%A9%E9%81%94%E7%89%B9" title="穆罕默德·安瓦爾·薩達特">萨达特</a>、<a class="mw-selflink selflink">贝京</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1979年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E5%90%84%E7%AD%94%E5%BE%B7%E8%82%8B%E6%92%92%E4%BF%AE%E5%A5%B3" title="加爾各答德肋撒修女">德蕾莎修女</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1980年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%BC%97%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94" title="阿道弗·佩雷斯·埃斯基维尔">佩雷斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1981年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%BE%E6%B0%91%E7%BD%B2" title="联合国难民署">联合国难民署</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1982年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E9%BB%98%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94" title="阿尔瓦·默达尔">默达尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%B9%E7%B4%A2%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%AB%E8%8E%B1%E6%96%AF" title="阿方索·加西亚·罗夫莱斯">加西亚</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1983年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E8%B5%AB%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E6%96%87%E8%90%A8" title="莱赫·瓦文萨">瓦文萨</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1984年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E6%96%AF%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E5%B1%A0%E5%9C%96" title="戴斯蒙·屠圖">图图</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1985年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%98%B2%E6%AD%A2%E6%A0%B8%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="国际防止核战争医生组织">国际防止核战争医生组织</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1986年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E7%91%9F%E5%B0%94" title="埃利·维瑟尔">維瑟尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1987年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%AF" title="奥斯卡·阿里亚斯">阿里亞斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1988年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%B4%E6%8C%81%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F" title="联合国维持和平部队">联合国维持和平部队</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1989%E5%B9%B4%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E7%8D%8E" title="1989年諾貝爾和平獎">1989年</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96%E8%BE%BE%E8%B5%96%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B" title="第十四世达赖喇嘛">第十四世达赖喇嘛</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1990年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E4%B9%94%E5%A4%AB" title="米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫">戈尔巴乔夫</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1991年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%81%E5%B1%B1%E8%98%87%E5%A7%AC" title="翁山蘇姬">昂山素季</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1992年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%88%88%E9%9F%A6%E5%A1%94%C2%B7%E9%97%A8%E6%A5%9A" title="里戈韦塔·门楚">門楚</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1993年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E5%B0%94%E9%80%8A%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89" title="纳尔逊·曼德拉">曼德拉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="弗雷德里克·威廉·戴克拉克">德克勒克</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1994年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%95%E7%89%B9" title="亚西尔·阿拉法特">阿拉法特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="希蒙·佩雷斯">佩雷斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%BE" title="伊扎克·拉宾">拉宾</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1995年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%A0%BC%E6%B2%83%E4%BB%80%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%92%8C%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="帕格沃什科学和世界事务会议">帕格沃什科学和世界事务会议</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%89%B9%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9" title="约瑟夫·罗特布拉特">罗特布拉特</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1996年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%89%E7%A6%84%C2%B7%E6%96%90%E7%90%86%E4%BC%AF%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E9%97%A8%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E6%B4%9B" title="嘉禄·斐理伯·西门内斯·贝洛">西门内斯·贝洛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%B3%BD%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%94" title="若泽·拉莫斯·奥尔塔">奥尔塔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1997年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8F%8D%E5%9C%B0%E9%9B%B7%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="国际反地雷组织">国际反地雷组织</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E8%BF%AA%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E6%96%AF" title="乔迪·威廉斯">威廉斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1998年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E4%BC%91%E5%A7%86" title="約翰·休姆">休姆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E6%9E%97%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94" title="戴维·特林布尔">特林布尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1999年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E5%9C%8B%E7%95%8C%E9%86%AB%E7%94%9F" title="無國界醫生">無國界醫生</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2000年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD" title="金大中">金大中</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001年至今</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap">2001年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国">联合国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%8F%B2%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E5%8D%97" title="科菲·安南">安南</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2002年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%B1%B3%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9" title="吉米·卡特">卡特</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2003年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%9E%97%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E5%B7%B4%E8%BF%AA" title="希林·伊巴迪">艾芭迪</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2004年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%BA%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%A1%94%E4%BC%8A" title="旺加里·马塔伊">馬塔伊</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2005年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%83%BD%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84" title="国际原子能机构">国际原子能机构</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E8%BF%AA" title="穆罕默德·巴拉迪">巴拉迪</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2006年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B0%A4%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF" title="穆罕默德·尤努斯">尤努斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E4%B9%A1%E6%9D%91%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="孟加拉乡村银行">孟加拉乡村银行</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2007年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E5%B0%94" title="阿尔·戈尔">戈尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%96%93%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%B0%88%E9%96%80%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="政府間氣候變化專門委員會">政府間氣候變化專門委員會</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2008年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E8%92%82%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%B5%AB%E8%92%82%E8%90%A8%E9%87%8C" title="马尔蒂·阿赫蒂萨里">阿赫蒂萨里</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2009%E5%B9%B4%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%A5%96" title="2009年诺贝尔和平奖">2009年</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B7%B4%E9%A9%AC" title="贝拉克·奥巴马">奧巴馬</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2010%E5%B9%B4%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%A5%96" title="2010年诺贝尔和平奖">2010年</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E6%99%93%E6%B3%A2" title="刘晓波">刘晓波</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2011年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E4%BC%A6%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E9%80%8A%C2%B7%E7%91%9F%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%AB" title="埃伦·约翰逊·瑟利夫">约翰逊-瑟利夫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E5%8D%9A%E8%96%87" title="莱伊曼·古博薇">格鲍伊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E7%93%A6%E5%BA%93%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%9B%BC" title="塔瓦库·卡曼">卡曼</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2012年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧洲联盟">欧洲联盟</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2013年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E6%AD%A2%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="禁止化學武器組織">禁止化學武器組織</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2014年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E8%96%A9%E5%A1%94%E4%BA%9E%E6%8F%90" title="凱拉西·薩塔亞提">薩塔亞提</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E4%BC%98%E7%B4%A0%E7%A6%8F%E6%89%8E%E4%BC%8A" title="马拉拉·优素福扎伊">优素福扎伊</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2015%E5%B9%B4%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%A5%96" title="2015年诺贝尔和平奖">2015年</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%8B%E5%B0%8D%E8%A9%B1%E5%9B%9B%E6%96%B9%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98" title="突尼西亞全國對話四方集團">突尼斯全國對話四方集團</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2016年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC%E5%8A%AA%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF" title="胡安·曼努埃尔·桑托斯">桑托斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2017年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%BB%A2%E9%99%A4%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="國際廢除核武器運動">國際廢除核武器運動</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2018%E5%B9%B4%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%A5%96" title="2018年诺贝尔和平奖">2018年</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%A5%8E%E6%A0%BC" title="德尼·穆奎格">穆奎格</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E8%BF%AA%E5%A8%85%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7" title="纳迪娅·穆拉德">穆拉德</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2019%E5%B9%B4%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%A5%96" title="2019年诺贝尔和平奖">2019年</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%AF%94%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E5%93%88%E9%82%81%E5%BE%B7" title="阿比·艾哈邁德">阿比</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2020%E5%B9%B4%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%A5%96" title="2020年诺贝尔和平奖">2020年</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%B3%A7%E9%A3%9F%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83%E7%BD%B2" title="世界糧食計劃署">世界糧食計劃署</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2021%E5%B9%B4%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%A5%96" title="2021年诺贝尔和平奖">2021年</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E8%90%A8" title="玛丽亚·雷萨">雷萨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E6%8B%89%E6%89%98%E5%A4%AB" title="德米特里·穆拉托夫">穆拉托夫</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2022年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA" title="阿列斯·比亚利亚茨基">比亚利亚茨基</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5_(%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87)" title="纪念 (组织)">纪念</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="公民自由中心">公民自由中心</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2023年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E8%BF%AA" title="纳尔吉斯·穆罕默迪">穆罕默迪</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2024年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%9F%E6%B0%B4%E7%88%86%E8%A2%AB%E5%AE%B3%E8%80%85%E5%9C%98%E9%AB%94%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" title="日本原水爆被害者團體協議會">日本原水爆被害者團體協議會</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>注：年份不一定是實際獲獎時間，1912年、1919年、1925年、1929年、1933年、1935年、1944年、1952年、1954年、1960年、1962年、1976年的獎項都延後一年頒發。</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="冷战相关人物" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%86%B7%E6%88%B0%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9" title="Template:冷戰相關人物"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%86%B7%E6%88%B0%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9" title="Template talk:冷戰相關人物"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%86%B7%E6%88%B0%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:冷戰相關人物"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="冷战相关人物" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%98" title="冷战">冷战</a>相关人物</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%86%B7%E6%88%98" title="Template:冷战">冷战导航模板</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";;;;;"><div id="美洲" class="" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="北美洲" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="北美洲">北美洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%C2%B7S%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E9%B2%81%E9%97%A8" title="哈里·S·杜鲁门">哈里·S·杜鲁门</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E6%AD%87%E7%88%BE" title="喬治·馬歇爾">喬治·馬歇爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%87%AF%E5%8D%97" title="乔治·凯南">乔治·凯南</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%8D%A1%E9%94%A1" title="约瑟夫·雷蒙德·麦卡锡">约瑟夫·麥卡錫</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%80%80%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E6%A3%AE%E8%B1%AA%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94" title="德怀特·艾森豪威尔">德怀特·D·艾森豪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E8%BF%AA" title="约翰·肯尼迪">約翰·F·甘迺迪</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%94%98%E8%BF%BA%E8%BF%AA" title="羅伯特·弗朗西斯·甘迺迪">羅伯特·F·甘迺迪</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E7%99%BB%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E9%80%8A" title="林登·约翰逊">林登·约翰逊</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E8%85%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="迪安·腊斯克">迪安·腊斯克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E7%BA%B3%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89" title="罗伯特·麦克纳马拉">罗伯特·麦克纳马拉</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B%E6%9D%BE" title="理查德·尼克松">理查德·尼克松</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%9B%E6%A0%BC" title="亨利·基辛格">亨利·基辛格</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9" title="杰拉尔德·福特">杰拉尔德·福特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%B1%B3%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9" title="吉米·卡特">吉米·卡特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%A0%B9" title="罗纳德·里根">罗纳德·里根</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E9%BB%91%E6%A0%BC" title="亚历山大·黑格">亚历山大·黑格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8D%E5%A6%AE%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B" title="珍妮·柯克帕特里克">珍妮·柯克帕特里克</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E4%BB%80" title="乔治·赫伯特·沃克·布什">乔治·H·W·布什</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E6%98%82%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E8%82%AF%E9%BD%90%C2%B7%E9%87%91" title="威廉·莱昂·麦肯齐·金">威廉·莱昂·麦肯齐·金</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%9C%A3%E6%B4%9B%E6%9C%97" title="路易·圣洛朗">路易·圣洛朗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E8%8A%AC%E8%B4%9D%E5%85%8B" title="约翰·迪芬贝克">约翰·迪芬贝克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E5%B0%94%E9%80%8A" title="莱斯特·皮尔逊">莱斯特·皮尔逊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E9%B2%81%E5%A4%9A" title="皮埃尔·特鲁多">皮埃尔·特鲁多</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="乔·克拉克">乔·克拉克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E7%BA%B3" title="约翰·特纳">約翰·特納</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E8%B5%96%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC" title="布赖恩·马尔罗尼">布赖恩·马尔罗尼</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B7%B4" title="古巴">古巴</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94" title="富尔亨西奥·巴蒂斯塔">富尔亨西奥·巴蒂斯塔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%97" title="菲德尔·卡斯特罗">菲德尔·卡斯特罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%97" title="劳尔·卡斯特罗">劳尔·卡斯特罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89" title="切·格瓦拉">切·格瓦拉</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/22px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/44px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E7%93%9C" title="尼加拉瓜">尼加拉瓜</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E7%B4%A2%E6%91%A9%E6%9F%A5%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="安纳斯塔西奥·索摩查·加西亚">安纳斯塔西奥·索摩查·加西亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E7%B4%A2%E6%91%A9%E6%9F%A5%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E7%93%A6%E4%BC%8A%E8%8E%B1" title="安纳斯塔西奥·索摩查·德瓦伊莱">安纳斯塔西奥·索摩查·德瓦伊莱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E5%8A%A0" title="丹尼尔·奥尔特加">丹尼尔·奥尔特加</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="南美洲">南美洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7" title="阿根廷">阿根廷</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89" title="切·格瓦拉">切·格瓦拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E8%A3%B4%E9%9A%86" title="胡安·裴隆">庇隆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%AA%E5%B0%94%E8%B5%AB%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%96%90%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%AD%8F%E5%9C%B0%E6%8B%89" title="豪尔赫·拉斐尔·魏地拉">魏地拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E5%A5%A5%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E9%93%81%E9%87%8C" title="莱奥波尔多·加尔铁里">加尔铁里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%96%B9%E8%BE%9B" title="劳尔·阿方辛">阿方辛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E5%86%85%E5%A7%86" title="卡洛斯·梅内姆">梅内姆</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281968%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="504" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF" title="巴西">巴西</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%9B%BE%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF" title="热图利奥·瓦加斯">瓦加斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%98%82%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9" title="若昂·古拉特">古拉特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E8%B4%9D%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%BF%9E%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B4%9B%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%85%B0%E7%A7%91" title="温贝托·德·阿连卡尔·卡斯特洛·布兰科">翁貝托·布朗庫</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/22px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/33px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/44px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9" title="智利">智利</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%BF%9E%E5%BE%B7" title="萨尔瓦多·阿连德">阿连德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E8%AF%BA%E5%88%87%E7%89%B9" title="奥古斯托·皮诺切特">皮诺切特</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";;;;;"><div id="欧洲" class="" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="乔治六世">乔治六世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%BD%E8%8E%8E%E7%99%BD%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="伊丽莎白二世">伊丽莎白二世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF%C2%B7%E4%B8%98%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94" title="温斯顿·丘吉尔">溫斯頓·邱吉爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E9%97%A8%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E5%BE%B7%E7%A4%BC" title="克莱门特·艾德礼">克莱门特·艾德礼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E7%99%BB" title="安東尼·艾登">安東尼·艾登</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E7%BE%8E%E5%80%AB" title="哈羅德·麥美倫">哈羅德·麥美倫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%81%93%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF-%E4%BC%91%E5%A7%86" title="亞歷克·道格拉斯-休姆">道格拉斯-休姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E9%81%9C" title="哈羅德·威爾遜">哈羅德·威爾遜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E6%80%9D" title="爱德华·希思">爱德华·希思</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E6%BC%A2" title="詹姆斯·卡拉漢">詹姆斯·卡拉汉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E6%A0%BC%E4%B8%BD%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%92%92%E5%88%87%E5%B0%94" title="玛格丽特·撒切尔">玛格丽特·撒切尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E6%9D%B0" title="约翰·梅杰">约翰·梅杰</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%88%92%E6%9B%BC" title="罗贝尔·舒曼">罗贝尔·舒曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%8A%E5%B0%9A%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94" title="樊尚·奥里奥尔">樊尚·奥里奥尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%86%85%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E8%92%82" title="勒内·科蒂">勒内·科蒂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E9%AB%98%E6%A8%82" title="夏爾·戴高樂">夏爾·戴高樂</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%8B%83%E9%9B%B7" title="米歇尔·德勃雷">米歇尔·德勃雷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E8%93%AC%E7%9A%AE%E6%9D%9C" title="乔治·蓬皮杜">乔治·蓬皮杜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%A1%BE%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%A7%86%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94" title="莫里斯·顾夫·德姆维尔">莫里斯·顾夫·德姆维尔</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E8%93%AC%E7%9A%AE%E6%9D%9C" title="乔治·蓬皮杜">乔治·蓬皮杜</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E9%82%A6-%E6%88%B4%E5%B0%94%E9%A9%AC" title="雅克·沙邦-戴尔马">雅克·沙邦-戴尔马</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E6%96%AF%E6%A2%85%E5%B0%94" title="皮埃尔·梅斯梅尔">皮埃尔·梅斯梅尔</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%8E%B1%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="瓦莱里·吉斯卡尔·德斯坦">瓦勒里·德斯坦</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="雅克·希拉克">雅克·希拉克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94" title="雷蒙·巴尔">雷蒙·巴尔</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E5%AF%86%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97" title="弗朗索瓦·密特朗">弗朗索瓦·密特朗</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E9%B2%81%E7%93%A6" title="皮埃尔·莫鲁瓦">皮埃尔·莫鲁瓦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%9C%97%C2%B7%E6%B3%95%E6%AF%94%E5%B0%A4%E6%96%AF" title="洛朗·法比尤斯">洛朗·法比尤斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="雅克·希拉克">雅克·希拉克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94" title="米歇尔·罗卡尔">米歇尔·罗卡尔</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%B7" title="西德">西德</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E7%99%BB%E7%BA%B3" title="康拉德·阿登纳">康拉德·阿登納</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%E7%BB%B4%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7" title="路德维希·艾哈德">路德维希·艾哈德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%9F%BA%E8%BE%9B%E6%A0%BC" title="库尔特·格奥尔格·基辛格">库尔特·基辛格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%8B%83%E5%85%B0%E7%89%B9" title="维利·勃兰特">维利·勃兰特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E7%A9%86%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E5%AF%86%E7%89%B9" title="赫尔穆特·施密特">赫尔穆特·施密特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E7%A9%86%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E5%B0%94" title="赫尔穆特·科尔">赫尔穆特·科尔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%A5%91%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E8%B2%9D%E5%88%A9" title="阿爾契德·加斯貝利">阿爾契德·加斯貝利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%94%E7%B1%B3%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E9%99%B6%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E8%92%82" title="帕尔米罗·陶里亚蒂">帕尔米罗·陶里亚蒂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%E5%A5%A5%E8%92%82" title="朱利奥·安德烈奥蒂">朱利奥·安德烈奥蒂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E7%BD%97" title="阿尔多·莫罗">阿尔多·莫罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E9%87%8C%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%BC" title="恩里科·贝林格">恩里科·贝林格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E5%88%87%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E8%A5%BF%E5%8A%A0" title="弗朗切斯科·科西加">弗朗切斯科·科西加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E8%92%82%E8%AF%BA%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E8%A5%BF" title="贝蒂诺·克拉克西">贝蒂诺·克拉克西</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a></th><td 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href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B" title="科勒·维洛克">科勒·维洛克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%C2%B7%E5%8F%99%E7%91%9F" title="扬·叙瑟">扬·叙瑟</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/44px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A7%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%B6%AD%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%96%A9%E6%8B%89%E6%9F%A5" title="安東尼奧·德·奧利維拉·薩拉查">安東尼奧·德·奧利維拉·薩拉查</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E5%A1%9E%E6%B4%9B%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E4%B8%B9%E5%A5%B4" title="馬爾塞洛·卡丹奴">馬爾塞洛·達斯內維斯·阿爾維斯·卡丹奴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E9%BA%A5%E6%96%AF" title="弗朗西斯科·達科斯塔·戈麥斯">弗朗西斯科·达科斯塔·戈麦斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E8%B4%A1%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF" title="瓦斯科·贡萨尔维斯">瓦斯科·贡萨尔维斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E8%8B%8F%E4%BA%9A%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="马里奥·苏亚雷斯">马里奥·苏亚雷斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%A2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B9%B3%E5%A1%94%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%88%88" title="玛丽亚·德卢尔德斯·平塔西尔戈">玛丽亚·德卢尔德斯·平塔西尔戈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E8%8F%AF%E9%AB%98" title="施華高">阿尼巴尔·卡瓦科·席尔瓦</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙"><img alt="西班牙" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E4%BD%9B%E6%9C%97%E5%93%A5" title="弗朗西斯科·佛朗哥">弗朗西斯科·佛朗哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="胡安·卡洛斯一世">胡安·卡洛斯一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%BC%97%C2%B7%E8%8B%8F%E4%BA%9A%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="阿道弗·苏亚雷斯">阿道弗·苏亚雷斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%88%A9%E4%BD%A9%C2%B7%E5%86%88%E8%90%A8%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="费利佩·冈萨雷斯">费利佩·冈萨雷斯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list 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href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%8E%B1%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E7%B1%B3%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%94" title="苏莱曼·德米雷尔">苏莱曼·德米雷尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%93%88%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%A7%86" title="尼哈特·埃里姆">尼哈特·埃里姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E9%87%8C%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E4%BC%A6" title="费里特·梅伦">费里特·梅伦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%BC%A6%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E6%9D%B0%E7%BB%B4%E7%89%B9" title="比伦特·埃杰维特">比伦特·埃杰维特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%A4%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8E%84%E6%89%8E%E5%B0%94" title="图尔古特·厄扎尔">图尔古特·厄扎尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%8B%92%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%83%E5%8D%A2%E7%89%B9" title="耶尔德勒姆·阿克布卢特">耶尔德勒姆·阿克布卢特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E8%8B%8F%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%80%B6%E5%B0%94%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B9" title="梅苏特·耶尔马兹">梅苏特·耶尔马兹</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BA%A7" title="聖座">聖座</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%AD%B7%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="庇護十二世">庇護十二世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="若望二十三世">若望二十三世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%A5%BF%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="保祿六世">保祿六世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BF%9D%E7%A6%84%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="若望保禄一世">若望·保祿一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E4%BF%9D%E7%A5%BF%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="若望保祿二世">若望·保祿二世</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%97" title="约瑟夫·斯大林">约·维·斯大林</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%88%87%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E6%B4%9B%E6%89%98%E5%A4%AB" title="维亚切斯拉夫·莫洛托夫">维·米·莫洛托夫</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%BA%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E6%9E%97%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB" title="格奥尔基·马林科夫">格·馬·馬林科夫</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%C2%B7%E8%91%9B%E7%BD%97%E7%B1%B3%E6%9F%AF" title="安德烈·葛罗米柯">安·安·葛羅米柯</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA%E5%A1%94%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E9%B2%81%E6%99%93%E5%A4%AB" title="尼基塔·赫鲁晓夫">尼·谢·赫鲁晓夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%98%82%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%8B%83%E5%88%97%E6%97%A5%E6%B6%85%E5%A4%AB" title="列昂尼德·勃列日涅夫">列·伊·勃列日涅夫</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%88%97%E5%85%8B%E8%B0%A2%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%91" title="阿列克谢·柯西金">阿·尼·柯西金</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%AB" title="尤里·安德罗波夫">尤·弗·安德罗波夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E5%A5%91%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B4%E7%A7%91" title="康斯坦丁·契尔年科">康·乌·契尔年科</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E4%B9%94%E5%A4%AB" title="米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫">米·谢·戈巴契夫</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E8%B0%A2%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E7%BA%B3%E6%B3%BD" title="爱德华·谢瓦尔德纳泽">愛·阿·謝瓦爾德納澤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E6%97%A5%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB" title="尼古拉·雷日科夫">尼·伊·雷日科夫</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%8D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8F%B6%E5%88%A9%E9%92%A6" title="鲍里斯·叶利钦">鲍·尼·叶利钦</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%98%82%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%B8%98%E5%85%8B" title="列昂尼德·克拉夫丘克">列·马·克拉夫丘克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%88%92%E4%BB%80%E5%85%8B%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87" title="斯坦尼斯拉夫·舒什克维奇">斯·斯·舒什克维奇</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B2%99%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="华沙条约组织">华沙条约组织</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="东德">东德</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E5%85%8B" title="威廉·皮克">威廉·皮克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%83%8F%E5%B8%83%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%8C" title="瓦爾特·烏布利希">瓦爾特·烏布利希</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E6%98%82%E7%BA%B3%E5%85%8B" title="埃里希·昂纳克">埃里希·昂纳克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%B4%A1%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E4%BC%A6%E8%8C%A8" title="埃贡·克伦茨">埃贡·克伦茨</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波蘭</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E8%8E%B1%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E9%B2%81%E7%89%B9" title="博莱斯瓦夫·贝鲁特">博莱斯瓦夫·贝鲁特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83" title="爱德华·奥哈布">爱德华·奥哈布</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%BF%AA%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%93%A5%E7%A9%86%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%A1" title="瓦迪斯瓦夫·哥穆尔卡">瓦迪斯瓦夫·哥穆尔卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E7%9B%96%E8%8E%B1%E5%85%8B" title="爱德华·盖莱克">爱德华·盖莱克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="斯坦尼斯瓦夫·卡尼亞">斯坦尼斯瓦夫·卡尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%87%E8%B5%AB%C2%B7%E9%9B%85%E9%B2%81%E6%B3%BD%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="沃伊切赫·雅鲁泽尔斯基">沃依切赫·雅鲁泽尔斯基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E8%B5%AB%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E6%96%87%E8%90%A8" title="莱赫·瓦文萨">莱赫·瓦文萨</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="捷克斯洛伐克">捷克斯洛伐克</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E9%97%A8%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="克莱门特·哥特瓦尔德">克莱门特·哥特瓦尔德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%AE%81%C2%B7%E8%AF%BA%E6%B2%83%E6%8F%90%E5%B0%BC" title="安东宁·诺沃提尼">安东宁·诺沃提尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E5%B8%83%E5%88%87%E5%85%8B" title="亞歷山大·杜布切克">亞歷山大·杜布切克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B" title="古斯塔夫·胡萨克">古斯塔夫·胡萨克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E7%8F%AD%E5%86%85%E5%85%8B" title="卡雷尔·乌尔班内克">卡雷尔·乌尔班内克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%8C%A8%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94" title="瓦茨拉夫·哈维尔">瓦茨拉夫·哈维尔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%BA%C2%B7%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%E4%B9%8C-%E5%BE%B7%E6%B2%BB" title="格奥尔基·乔治乌-德治">格奥尔基·乔治乌-德治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E9%BD%90%E5%A5%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%93" title="尼古拉·齐奥塞斯库">尼古拉·齐奥塞斯库</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E5%9F%83%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%93" title="扬·伊利埃斯库">扬·伊利埃斯库</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%BA%C2%B7%E5%AD%A3%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB" title="格奥尔基·季米特洛夫">格奥尔基·季米特洛夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E5%A5%91%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB" title="维尔科·契尔文科夫">维尔科·契尔文科夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%97%A5%E5%A4%AB%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB" title="托多尔·日夫科夫">托多尔·日夫科夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E5%A7%86%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%AB" title="彼得·姆拉德诺夫">佩特尔·姆拉德诺夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E6%9F%B3%C2%B7%E7%86%B1%E5%88%97%E5%A4%AB" title="熱柳·熱列夫">哲柳·哲列夫</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利"><img alt="匈牙利" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%8A%A0%E4%BB%80" title="拉科西·马加什">拉科西·马加什</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E5%90%89%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E5%A7%86%E9%9B%B7" title="纳吉·伊姆雷">纳吉·伊姆雷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%BA%E4%BB%80" title="卡达尔·亚诺什">卡达尔·亚诺什</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%8A" title="格罗斯·卡罗伊">格罗斯·卡罗伊</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E6%9F%A5" title="恩維爾·霍查">恩維爾·霍查</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B9%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%88%A9%E9%9B%85" title="拉米兹·阿利雅">拉米兹·阿利雅</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB" title="南斯拉夫">南斯拉夫</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E5%85%B9%C2%B7%E9%93%81%E6%89%98" title="约瑟普·布罗兹·铁托">约瑟普·布罗兹·铁托</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%A7%91%E7%B6%AD%E5%A5%87" title="亞歷山大·蘭科維奇">亞歷山大·蘭科維奇</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E5%8D%9A%E4%B8%B9%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E6%B4%9B%E8%88%8D%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87" title="斯洛博丹·米洛舍维奇">斯洛博丹·米洛舍维奇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%9B%BE%E5%AD%A3%E6%9B%BC" title="弗拉尼奥·图季曼">弗拉尼奥·图季曼</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";;;;;"><div id="亚太" class="" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%AA%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="亚太地区">亚太</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="亚洲" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="亚洲">亚洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="东亚" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A" title="东亚">东亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E5%8D%80%E6%A8%99%E8%AA%8C.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E5%8D%80%E6%A8%99%E8%AA%8C.svg/25px-%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E5%8D%80%E6%A8%99%E8%AA%8C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E5%8D%80%E6%A8%99%E8%AA%8C.svg/38px-%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E5%8D%80%E6%A8%99%E8%AA%8C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E5%8D%80%E6%A8%99%E8%AA%8C.svg/50px-%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E5%8D%80%E6%A8%99%E8%AA%8C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="320" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF" title="大中華">海峽兩岸</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C" title="毛泽东">毛泽东</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E4%B9%94%E6%9C%A8" title="胡乔木">胡乔木</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%81%A9%E6%9D%A5" title="周恩来">周恩来</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%AF%85" title="陈毅">陈毅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%AC%E9%B9%8F%E9%A3%9E" title="姬鹏飞">姬鹏飞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E5%86%A0%E5%8D%8E" title="乔冠华">乔冠华</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E5%B0%91%E5%A5%87" title="刘少奇">刘少奇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%BE%B7" title="朱德">朱德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%BB%E5%BC%BC%E6%97%B6" title="任弼时">任弼时</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A3%E5%BF%85%E6%AD%A6" title="董必武">董必武</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%BA%86%E9%BE%84" title="宋庆龄">宋庆龄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%BD%AA" title="林彪">林彪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E4%BC%AF%E8%BE%BE" title="陈伯达">陈伯达</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%94%9F" title="康生">康生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E4%BA%BA%E5%B8%AE" title="四人帮">四人帮</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E9%9D%92" title="江青">江青</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E6%98%A5%E6%A1%A5" title="张春桥">张春桥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%9A%E6%96%87%E5%85%83" title="姚文元">姚文元</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%B4%AA%E6%96%87" title="王洪文">王洪文</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E5%9B%BD%E9%94%8B" title="华国锋">华国锋</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%8D%8E_(1913%E5%B9%B4)" title="黄华 (1913年)">黄华</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E5%89%91%E8%8B%B1" title="叶剑英">叶剑英</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%93%E5%B0%8F%E5%B9%B3" title="邓小平">邓小平</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E4%BA%91" title="陈云">陈云</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E8%80%80%E9%82%A6" title="胡耀邦">胡耀邦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%85%88%E5%BF%B5" title="李先念">李先念</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B5%E7%B4%AB%E9%98%B3" title="赵紫阳">赵紫阳</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E5%AD%A6%E8%B0%A6" title="吴学谦">吴学谦</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E5%B0%9A%E6%98%86" title="杨尚昆">杨尚昆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%9A%E4%BE%9D%E6%9E%97" title="姚依林">姚依林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E9%B9%8F" title="李鹏">李鹏</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E5%85%B6%E7%90%9B" title="钱其琛">钱其琛</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E7%9F%B3" title="乔石">乔石</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%B3%BD%E6%B0%91" title="江泽民">江泽民</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%B9%B3" title="宋平">宋平</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%91%9E%E7%8E%AF" title="李瑞环">李瑞环</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3" title="蔣中正">蔣中正</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%AE%97%E4%BB%81" title="李宗仁">李宗仁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E8%AA%A0" title="陳誠">陳誠</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9A%B4%E5%AE%B6%E6%B7%A6" title="嚴家淦">嚴家淦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A3%E7%B6%93%E5%9C%8B" title="蔣經國">蔣經國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AC%9D%E6%9D%B1%E9%96%94_(%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3)" title="謝東閔 (台灣)">謝東閔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E9%81%8B%E7%92%BF" title="孫運璿">孫運璿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9E%E5%9C%8B%E8%8F%AF" title="俞國華">俞國華</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BB%E8%BC%9D" title="李登輝">李登輝</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%85%A5" title="李煥">李煥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%9D%E6%9F%8F%E6%9D%91" title="郝柏村">郝柏村</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="昭和天皇">昭和天皇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E4%BB%81%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="明仁天皇">明仁天皇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%94%B0%E8%8C%82" title="吉田茂">吉田茂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A9%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%80%E9%83%8E" title="鳩山一郎">鳩山一郎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%A9%8B%E6%B9%9B%E5%B1%B1" title="石橋湛山">石橋湛山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B8%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%8B" title="岸信介">岸信介</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A0%E7%94%B0%E5%8B%87%E4%BA%BA" title="池田勇人">池田勇人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E8%97%A4%E8%8D%A3%E4%BD%9C" title="佐藤荣作">佐藤荣作</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E4%B8%AD%E8%A7%92%E8%8D%A3" title="田中角荣">田中角荣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%9C%A8%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%AB" title="三木武夫">三木武夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E7%94%B0%E8%B5%B3%E5%A4%AB" title="福田赳夫">福田赳夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B9%B3%E6%AD%A3%E8%8A%B3" title="大平正芳">大平正芳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%83%E6%9C%A8%E5%96%84%E5%B9%B8" title="铃木善幸">铃木善幸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9B%BE%E6%A0%B9%E5%BA%B7%E5%BC%98" title="中曾根康弘">中曾根康弘</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%80%8D%E6%99%8B%E5%A4%AA%E9%83%8E" title="安倍晋太郎">安倍晋太郎</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%B9%E4%B8%8B%E7%99%BB" title="竹下登">竹下登</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E9%87%8E%E5%AE%97%E4%BD%91" title="宇野宗佑">宇野宗佑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E9%83%A8%E4%BF%8A%E6%A8%B9" title="海部俊樹">海部俊樹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AB%E6%B3%BD%E5%96%9C%E4%B8%80" title="宫泽喜一">宫泽喜一</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg/23px-Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg/35px-Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg/45px-Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="朝鲜半岛">朝鲜半岛</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_North_Korea_%281948%E2%80%931992%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Korea_%281948%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_North_Korea_%281948%E2%80%931992%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Korea_%281948%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_North_Korea_%281948%E2%80%931992%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Korea_%281948%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="朝鲜民主主义人民共和国">朝鲜</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%97%A5%E6%88%90" title="金日成">金日成</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281984%E2%80%931997%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281984%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281984%E2%80%931997%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281984%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_South_Korea_%281984%E2%80%931997%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Korea_%281984%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">韩国</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%89%BF%E6%99%9A" title="李承晚">李承晚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B9%E6%BD%BD%E5%96%84" title="尹潽善">尹潽善</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E5%8B%89_(%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B)" title="張勉 (韓國)">張勉</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B4%E6%AD%A3%E7%86%99" title="朴正熙">朴正熙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%94%E5%9C%AD%E5%A4%8F" title="崔圭夏">崔圭夏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%96%97%E7%85%A5" title="全斗煥">全斗煥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%B3%B0%E6%84%9A" title="盧泰愚">盧泰愚</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Mongolian_People%27s_Republic_%281945%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古人民共和国">蒙古人民共和国</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E5%B0%94%E6%B4%9B%C2%B7%E4%B9%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B1%B1" title="霍尔洛·乔巴山">霍尔洛·乔巴山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E7%9D%A6%E4%BD%B3%C2%B7%E6%B3%BD%E7%99%BB%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94" title="尤睦佳·泽登巴尔">尤睦佳·泽登巴尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%9C%E5%B7%B4%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E7%89%B9%E8%92%99%E8%B5%AB" title="姜巴·巴特蒙赫">姜巴·巴特蒙赫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%AD%E8%90%A8%E5%8B%92%E7%8E%9B%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%B6%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E7%89%B9" title="彭萨勒玛·奥其尔巴特">彭萨勒玛·奥其尔巴特</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="东南亚">东南亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Vietnam_-_B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_-_Transparent_Background.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Map_of_Vietnam_-_B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_-_Transparent_Background.png/16px-Map_of_Vietnam_-_B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_-_Transparent_Background.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Map_of_Vietnam_-_B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_-_Transparent_Background.png/24px-Map_of_Vietnam_-_B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_-_Transparent_Background.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Map_of_Vietnam_-_B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_-_Transparent_Background.png/32px-Map_of_Vietnam_-_B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_-_Transparent_Background.png 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="701" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Vietnam_%281955%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="越南民主共和国">北越</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%BF%97%E6%98%8E" title="胡志明">胡志明</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E5%BE%B7%E8%83%9C" title="孙德胜">孙德胜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E6%96%87%E5%90%8C" title="范文同">范文同</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%94%B2" title="武元甲">武元甲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E7%AC%8B" title="黎笋">黎笋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%BF%9B%E5%8B%87" title="文进勇">文进勇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%BE%81_(%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9)" title="长征 (政治人物)">長征</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AE%E6%96%87%E7%81%B5" title="阮文灵">阮文灵</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="越南共和国">南越</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E5%BB%B7%E7%90%B0" title="吳廷琰">吳廷琰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AE%E6%96%87%E7%B4%B9" title="阮文紹">阮文紹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AE%E9%AB%98%E7%A5%BA" title="阮高祺">阮高祺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E5%85%8B%E4%B8%91" title="潘克丑">潘克丑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E6%96%87%E9%A6%99" title="陳文香">陳文香</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%AE%E6%85%B6" title="阮慶">阮慶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="楊文明">楊文明</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="印度尼西亚">印度尼西亞</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%8D%A1%E8%AB%BE" title="蘇卡諾">苏加诺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%93%88%E6%89%98" title="蘇哈托">蘇哈托</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/22px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/33px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/44px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD" title="泰国">泰國</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%AF%86%E8%93%AC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%9D%9C%E5%BE%B7" title="普密蓬·阿杜德">普密蓬·阿杜德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%AE%E6%8A%AB%E6%B1%B6%C2%B7%E9%A2%82%E5%A0%AA" title="銮披汶·颂堪">銮披汶·颂堪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%AB%8B%C2%B7%E4%BB%96%E9%82%A3%E5%8F%BB" title="沙立·他那叻">沙立·他那叻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%96%E4%BE%AC%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E6%BB%B4%E5%8D%A1%E5%AE%97" title="他侬·吉滴卡宗">他侬·吉滴卡宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%B3%C2%B7%E5%BB%B7%E7%B4%A0%E6%8B%89%E6%9A%96" title="炳·廷素拉暖">炳·廷素拉暖</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%28navy_blue%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE" title="菲律宾">菲律賓</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%8A%AA%E5%9F%83%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E5%93%88%E6%96%AF_(%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93)" title="曼努埃爾·羅哈斯 (菲律賓)">曼努埃爾·羅哈斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E7%88%BE%E7%9A%AE%E8%BF%AA%E5%A5%A7%C2%B7%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%8C%E8%AB%BE" title="埃爾皮迪奧·基里諾">埃爾皮迪奧·基里諾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E6%A0%BC%E5%A1%9E%E5%A1%9E" title="拉蒙·麥格塞塞">拉蒙·麥格塞塞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="卡洛斯·加西亞">卡洛斯·加西亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E8%BE%BE%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%8D%A1%E5%B8%95%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94" title="迪奥斯达多·马卡帕加尔">马卡帕加尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF" title="费迪南德·马科斯">费迪南德·马科斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E6%8B%89%E8%93%89%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E5%A5%8E%E8%AB%BE" title="柯拉蓉·艾奎諾">柯拉蓉·艾奎諾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%95%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E6%9D%BE" title="何塞·马里亚·西松">何塞·马利亚·西松</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%C2%B7%E5%AF%86%E8%98%87%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C" title="努·密蘇阿里">努·密蘇阿里</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚">马来西亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%A7%91%E9%98%BF%E9%83%BD%E6%8B%89%E6%9B%BC" title="东姑阿都拉曼">东姑阿都拉曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A6%E9%98%BF%E9%83%BD%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8" title="敦阿都拉萨">敦阿都拉萨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%85%88%E7%BF%81" title="胡先翁">胡先翁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%93%88%E8%BF%AA%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E5%93%88%E6%9C%AB" title="马哈迪·莫哈末">马哈迪·莫哈末</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/22px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/33px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/44px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%85%89%E8%80%80" title="李光耀">李光耀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E4%BD%9C%E6%A0%8B" title="吴作栋">吴作栋</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Myanmar_%281974%E2%80%932010%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Myanmar_%281974%E2%80%932010%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Myanmar_%281974%E2%80%932010%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Myanmar_%281974%E2%80%932010%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Myanmar_%281974%E2%80%932010%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Myanmar_%281974%E2%80%932010%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8" title="缅甸">緬甸</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E5%8A%AA" title="吴努">吴努</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E6%B8%A9" title="奈温">奈温</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_Cambodia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cambodia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AC%E5%9F%94%E5%AF%A8" title="柬埔寨">柬埔寨</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E7%BD%97%E6%95%A6%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%88%E5%8A%AA%E5%85%8B" title="诺罗敦·西哈努克">西哈努克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E8%AF%BA" title="朗诺">朗诺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%94%E5%B8%83%E7%89%B9" title="波尔布特">波尔布特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%A3%AE%E6%BD%98" title="乔森潘">乔森潘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E6%A1%91%E6%9E%97" title="韓桑林">韓桑林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%A3%AE" title="洪森">洪森</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/22px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/33px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/44px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D" title="老挝">老挝</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%90%A8%E6%97%BA%C2%B7%E5%86%AF" title="西萨旺·冯">西萨旺·冯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%90%A8%E6%97%BA%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E8%BE%BE%E7%BA%B3" title="西萨旺·瓦达纳">西萨旺·瓦达纳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%BF%81_(%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D)" title="文翁 (老挝)">文翁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%AD%E5%8F%91%E9%82%A3%C2%B7%E5%AF%8C%E9%A9%AC" title="梭发那·富马">梭发那·富马</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%8F%91%E5%8A%AA%E5%86%AF" title="苏发努冯">苏发努冯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E5%B1%B1%C2%B7%E4%B8%B0%E5%A8%81%E6%B1%89" title="凯山·丰威汉">凯山·丰威汉</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9A" title="南亚">南亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281980%E2%80%931987%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281980%E2%80%931987%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281980%E2%80%931987%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281980%E2%80%931987%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281980%E2%80%931987%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281980%E2%80%931987%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E4%B9%8C%E5%BE%B7%E6%B1%97" title="穆罕默德·达乌德汗">穆罕默德·达乌德汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A1%94%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA" title="努尔·穆罕默德·塔拉基">努尔·穆罕默德·塔拉基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%8F%B2%E4%BD%90%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%98%8E" title="哈菲佐拉·阿明">哈菲佐拉·阿明</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E8%BF%88%E5%8B%92" title="巴布拉克·卡尔迈勒">巴布拉克·卡尔迈勒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%BA%B3%E5%90%89%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89" title="穆罕默德·纳吉布拉">穆罕默德·纳吉布拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%93%88%E8%BF%88%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E9%98%BF%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E8%8B%8F%E5%BE%B7" title="艾哈迈德·沙阿·马苏德">艾哈迈德·沙阿·马苏德</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E7%93%A6%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E8%B5%AB%E9%B2%81" title="贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁">贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E6%9D%9C%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A4%8F%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C" title="拉尔·巴哈杜尔·夏斯特里">拉尔·巴哈杜尔·夏斯特里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%BF%AA%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%94%98%E5%9C%B0" title="英迪拉·甘地">英迪拉·甘地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E8%B5%9B" title="莫拉尔吉·德赛">莫拉尔吉·德赛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E8%98%AD%C2%B7%E8%BE%9B%E6%A0%BC" title="查蘭·辛格">查蘭·辛格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%90%89%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E7%94%98%E5%9C%B0" title="拉吉夫·甘地">拉吉夫·甘地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E4%BB%80%E7%93%A6%E7%B4%8D%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%94%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E8%BE%9B%E6%A0%BC" title="維什瓦納特·普拉塔普·辛格">維什瓦納特·普拉塔普·辛格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%A2%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%AC%9D%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE" title="錢德拉·謝卡爾">錢德拉·謝卡爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E6%8B%89%E8%BE%9B%E5%93%88%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A5%A5" title="纳拉辛哈·拉奥">纳拉辛哈·拉奥</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="巴基斯坦">巴基斯坦</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E9%9B%85%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%B1%97" title="利雅卡特·阿里·汗">利雅卡特·阿里·汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E7%93%A6%E8%B4%BE%C2%B7%E7%BA%B3%E9%BD%90%E5%A7%86%E4%B8%81" title="赫瓦贾·纳齐姆丁">卡瓦贾·纳兹穆丁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%AF%E8%B5%9B%E5%9B%A0%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E5%B8%8C%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%8B%8F%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E5%BA%95" title="侯赛因·沙希德·苏拉瓦底">侯赛因·沙希德·苏拉瓦底</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E5%8D%9C%E6%8B%89%E6%AC%A3%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E6%A2%85%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%90%BC%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%8A%A0" title="易卜拉欣·伊斯梅尔·琼德里加">易卜拉欣·伊斯迈尔·琼德里加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%A4%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E6%B1%97" title="阿尤布·汗">阿尤布·汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E6%B1%97" title="叶海亚·汗">叶海亚·汗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E5%8B%92%E8%8F%B2%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%89%98" title="佐勒菲卡尔·阿里·布托">佐勒菲卡尔·阿里·布托</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%BD%90%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%85%8B" title="穆罕默德·齐亚·哈克">穆罕默德·齐亚·哈克</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B1%97%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E5%86%85%E4%B9%85" title="穆罕默德·汗·居内久">穆罕默德·汗·居内久</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%A8%9C%E9%BD%90%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%89%98" title="贝娜齐尔·布托">贝娜齐尔·布托</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%93%A6%E8%8C%B2%C2%B7%E8%AC%9D%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB" title="納瓦茲·謝里夫">納瓦茲·謝里夫</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BD" title="孟加拉国">孟加拉国</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E8%B5%AB%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%90%89%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E8%B5%AB%E6%9B%BC" title="谢赫·穆吉布·拉赫曼">谢赫·穆吉布·拉赫曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8A%E4%BA%9E%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E8%B5%AB%E6%9B%BC" title="齊亞·拉赫曼">齊亞·拉赫曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%8F%8A%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E7%88%BE%E6%B2%99%E5%BE%B7" title="海珊·穆罕默德·艾爾沙德">艾尔沙德</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="澳大利亚">澳大利亞</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%C2%B7%E5%A5%87%E5%A4%AB%E5%88%A9" title="班·奇夫利">班·奇夫利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%AD%9F%E5%B8%AD%E6%96%AF" title="羅伯特·孟席斯">羅伯特·孟席斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9" title="哈罗德·霍尔特">哈罗德·霍尔特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%A4%E6%81%A9" title="约翰·麦克尤恩">约翰·麦克尤恩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E9%A1%BF" title="约翰·戈顿">约翰·戈顿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E9%A9%AC%E6%B4%AA" title="威廉·麦克马洪">威廉·麦克马洪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%83%A0%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD" title="高夫·惠特蘭">愛德華·惠特蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E7%A7%91%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E6%B3%BD" title="马尔科姆·弗雷泽">马尔科姆·弗雷泽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AE%91%E5%8B%83%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%85%8B" title="鮑勃·霍克">鮑勃·霍克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E5%9F%BA%E5%BB%B7" title="保羅·基廷">保羅·基廷</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";;;;;"><div id="中东及非洲" class="" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">中东及非洲</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%9C" title="中东">中东</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E6%9D%B0%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E5%85%8B" title="雷杰普·佩克">雷杰普·佩克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%A1%91%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E5%8D%A1" title="哈桑·萨卡">哈桑·萨卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E7%BA%B3%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%94%E4%BC%8A" title="塞姆斯丁·居纳尔塔伊">塞姆斯丁·居纳尔塔伊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%97%C2%B7%E9%97%A8%E5%BE%B7%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF" title="阿德南·门德列斯">阿德南·曼德列斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94" title="杰马尔·居尔塞尔">杰马勒·古尔塞勒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E9%BA%A6%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E8%AF%BA%E5%8A%AA" title="伊斯麦特·伊诺努">伊斯麦特·伊诺努</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E9%98%BF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E4%BA%8E%E5%B0%94%E5%B1%85%E6%99%AE%E5%90%95" title="苏阿特·于尔居普吕">苏阿特·于尔居普吕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%8E%B1%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E7%B1%B3%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%94" title="苏莱曼·德米雷尔">苏莱曼·德米雷尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%93%88%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%A7%86" title="尼哈特·埃里姆">尼哈特·埃里姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E9%87%8C%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E4%BC%A6" title="费里特·梅伦">费里特·梅伦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%BC%A6%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E6%9D%B0%E7%BB%B4%E7%89%B9" title="比伦特·埃杰维特">比伦特·埃杰维特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%A4%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8E%84%E6%89%8E%E5%B0%94" title="图尔古特·厄扎尔">图尔古特·厄扎尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%8B%92%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%83%E5%8D%A2%E7%89%B9" title="耶尔德勒姆·阿克布卢特">耶尔德勒姆·阿克布卢特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E8%8B%8F%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%80%B6%E5%B0%94%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B9" title="梅苏特·耶尔马兹">梅苏特·耶尔马兹</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC-%E5%8F%A4%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89" title="大衛·本-古里安">戴维·本-古里安</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E5%A4%8F%E9%87%8C%E7%89%B9" title="摩西·夏里特">摩西·夏里特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E5%B8%8C%E7%A7%91%E5%B0%94" title="列维·艾希科尔">列维·艾希科尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E5%8E%84" title="果尔达·梅厄">果尔达·梅厄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%AE%BE" title="伊扎克·拉宾">伊扎克·拉宾</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">贝京</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94" title="伊扎克·沙米尔">伊扎克·沙米尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="希蒙·佩雷斯">希蒙·佩雷斯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/33px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/44px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E8%BF%88%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C-%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94" title="贾迈勒·阿卜杜-纳赛尔">纳赛尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E8%96%A9%E9%81%94%E7%89%B9" title="穆罕默德·安瓦爾·薩達特">薩達特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="穆罕默德·胡斯尼·穆巴拉克">穆巴拉克</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6" title="约旦">约旦</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="阿卜杜拉一世">阿卜杜拉·伊本·海珊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%8B%89%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E6%8B%89" title="塔拉勒·伊本·阿卜杜拉">塔拉勒·伊本·阿卜杜拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%AF%E8%B5%9B%E5%9B%A0%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E5%A1%94%E6%8B%89%E5%8B%92" title="侯赛因·本·塔拉勒">胡笙·賓·塔拉勒</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%99%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="叙利亚">叙利亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%8F%B2%E5%85%B9%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%90%A8%E5%BE%B7" title="哈菲兹·阿萨德">哈菲兹·阿萨德</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="伊拉克">伊拉克</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%93%88%E8%BF%88%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E6%A1%91%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94" title="艾哈迈德·哈桑·贝克尔">贝克尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E4%BE%AF%E8%B5%9B%E5%9B%A0" title="萨达姆·侯赛因">萨达姆</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF" title="沙特阿拉伯">沙烏地阿拉伯</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92-%E9%98%BF%E9%BD%90%E5%85%B9%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E6%8B%89%E8%B5%AB%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E8%B4%B9%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9" title="阿卜杜勒-阿齐兹·本·阿卜杜拉赫曼·本·费萨尔·阿勒沙特">阿卜杜勒-阿齊茲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92-%E9%98%BF%E9%BD%90%E5%85%B9%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9" title="沙特·本·阿卜杜勒-阿齐兹·阿勒沙特">紹德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92-%E9%98%BF%E9%BD%90%E5%85%B9%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9" title="费萨尔·本·阿卜杜勒-阿齐兹·阿勒沙特">費薩爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%AB%8B%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92-%E9%98%BF%E9%BD%90%E5%85%B9%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9" title="哈立德·本·阿卜杜勒-阿齐兹·阿勒沙特">哈立德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%B5%AB%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92-%E9%98%BF%E9%BD%8A%E8%8C%B2%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%B2%99%E7%89%B9" title="法赫德·本·阿卜杜勒-阿齊茲·阿勒沙特">法赫德</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗"><img alt="伊朗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg/22px-State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg/33px-State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg/44px-State_flag_of_Iran_1964-1980.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="293" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97" title="伊朗">伊朗</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7-%E7%A4%BC%E8%90%A8%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%97%E7%BB%B4" title="穆罕默德-礼萨·巴列维">巴勒維</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E9%9C%8D%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E8%90%A8%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E6%A2%85%E5%B0%BC" title="鲁霍拉·穆萨维·霍梅尼">鲁霍拉·穆萨维·霍梅尼</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="利比亚"><img alt="利比亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/22px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/33px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/44px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="利比亚">利比亞</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E)" title="伊德里斯一世 (利比亞)">伊德里斯一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E9%98%BF%E8%BF%88%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%89%8E%E8%8F%B2" title="穆阿迈尔·卡扎菲">穆阿迈尔·卡扎菲</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔及利亚">阿尔及利亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E7%88%BE%E5%93%88%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF" title="費爾哈特·阿巴斯">阿巴斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%93%88%E9%82%81%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E6%8B%89" title="艾哈邁德·本·貝拉">本·貝拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%82%81%E4%B8%81" title="胡阿里·布邁丁">布邁丁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%AB%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E5%A1%94%E7%89%B9" title="拉巴赫·比塔特">比塔特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%BE%B7%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E6%9D%B0%E8%BF%AA%E5%BE%B7" title="沙德利·本·杰迪德">本·杰迪德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E8%BF%AA%E4%BA%9E%E5%A4%AB" title="穆罕默德·布迪亞夫">布迪亞夫</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="突尼西亞">突尼西亞</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%AF%94%E5%8D%9C%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E5%B7%B4" title="哈比卜·布尔吉巴">哈比卜·布尔吉巴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B0%E5%9B%A0%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%AF%94%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C" title="宰因·阿比丁·本·阿里">宰因·阿比丁·本·阿里</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yemen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/22px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/33px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/44px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Divided_Yemen_zh.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Divided_Yemen_zh.svg/27px-Divided_Yemen_zh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Divided_Yemen_zh.svg/41px-Divided_Yemen_zh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Divided_Yemen_zh.svg/54px-Divided_Yemen_zh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1210" data-file-height="730" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9F%E9%97%A8" title="也门">也门</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_North_Yemen.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_North_Yemen.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_North_Yemen.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E4%B9%9F%E9%97%A8%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="阿拉伯也门共和国">北也門</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E5%88%A9%E8%B5%AB" title="阿里·阿卜杜拉·萨利赫">薩利赫</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9F%E9%97%A8%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="也门民主人民共和国">南也門</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E6%B3%95%E5%A1%94%E8%B5%AB%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E6%A2%85%E5%B0%94" title="阿卜杜勒·法塔赫·伊斯梅尔">阿卜杜勒·法塔赫·伊斯梅尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E7%BA%B3%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7" title="阿里·纳赛尔·穆罕默德">阿里·纳赛尔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9C%8B" title="巴勒斯坦國"><img alt="巴勒斯坦國" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="巴勒斯坦解放組織">巴勒斯坦解放組織</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%95%E7%89%B9" title="亚西尔·阿拉法特">阿拉法特</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%A5%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="撒哈拉以南非洲">撒哈拉以南<br />非洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%9C%AB%E8%B5%84" title="扬·史末资">扬·史末资</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B0" title="丹尼尔·马兰">丹尼尔·马兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E5%85%A7%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%93%88%E6%9D%9C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%8F%A3%E6%95%A6" title="約翰內斯·格哈杜斯·斯揣敦">約翰內斯·格哈杜斯·斯揣敦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E5%80%AB%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%B6%AD%E6%B2%83%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7" title="亨德里克·弗倫斯·維沃爾德">亨德里克·弗倫施·維沃爾德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E8%90%A8%E6%B3%BD%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="巴尔萨泽·约翰内斯·沃斯特">巴尔萨泽·约翰内斯·沃斯特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E5%A1%94" title="彼得·威廉·波塔">彼得·威廉·波塔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="弗雷德里克·威廉·戴克拉克">弗雷德里克·威廉·戴克拉克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E5%B0%94%E9%80%8A%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89" title="纳尔逊·曼德拉">纳尔逊·曼德拉</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/44px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%86%85%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94" title="塞内加尔">塞内加尔</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E6%88%88%E5%B0%94" title="利奥波德·塞达尔·桑戈尔">利奥波德·塞达尔·桑戈尔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/22px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/33px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/44px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" title="几内亚">几内亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%93%88%E8%BF%88%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E5%8F%A4%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E5%B0%94" title="艾哈迈德·塞古·杜尔">艾哈迈德·塞古·杜尔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/22px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/33px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/44px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%E8%BF%AA%E7%93%A6" title="科特迪瓦">科特迪瓦</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%B9%8C%E5%BC%97%E5%9F%83-%E5%8D%9A%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%BC" title="费利克斯·乌弗埃-博瓦尼">费利克斯·乌弗埃-博瓦尼</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C" title="马里">马里</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E8%90%A8%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%A5%A5%E9%9B%B7" title="穆萨·特拉奥雷">穆萨·特拉奥雷</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Upper_Volta.svg/22px-Flag_of_Upper_Volta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Upper_Volta.svg/33px-Flag_of_Upper_Volta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Upper_Volta.svg/44px-Flag_of_Upper_Volta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%8F%E5%A1%94%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="上伏塔共和國">上沃尔特</a>／<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/22px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%93%A5" title="多哥">多哥</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E8%BE%9B%E8%B4%9D%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E4%BA%9A%E5%BE%B7%E9%A9%AC" title="纳辛贝·埃亚德马">纳辛贝·埃亚德马</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/22px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/33px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/44px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E8%8D%B7%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="達荷美共和國">達荷美</a>／<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_Benin_%281975%E2%80%931990%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Benin_%281975%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_Benin_%281975%E2%80%931990%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Benin_%281975%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_Benin_%281975%E2%80%931990%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Benin_%281975%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%AE%81" title="贝宁">贝宁</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%92%82%E5%8E%84%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E5%BA%93" title="马蒂厄·克雷库">马蒂厄·克雷库</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="奈及利亞">奈及利亞</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8D%A2%E5%A1%9E%E8%B4%A1%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B7%B4%E6%A1%91%E4%B9%94" title="奥卢塞贡·奥巴桑乔">奥卢塞贡·奥巴桑乔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="中非共和國">中非</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E7%A7%91" title="戴维·达科">戴维·达科</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E8%B4%9D%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E5%8D%A1%E8%90%A8" title="让-贝德尔·博卡萨">让-贝德尔·博卡萨</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/33px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/44px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E8%93%AC" title="加蓬">加彭</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%90%89%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%82%A6%E6%88%88" title="哈吉·奥马尔·邦戈">哈吉·奥马尔·邦戈</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="刚果共和国">刚果共和国</a>／<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%9B%E6%9E%9C%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="剛果人民共和國">剛果人民共和國</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E5%8F%A4%E7%93%A6%E6%AF%94" title="马里安·恩古瓦比">马里安·恩古瓦比</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E8%8B%8F-%E6%81%A9%E6%A0%BC%E7%B4%A2" title="德尼·萨苏-恩格索">德尼·萨苏-恩格索</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281963%E2%80%931966%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281963%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281963%E2%80%931966%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281963%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281963%E2%80%931966%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28L%C3%A9opoldville%29_%281963%E2%80%931966%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9A%E6%9E%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="刚果民主共和国">刚果民主共和国</a>／<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_Zaire_%281971%E2%80%931997%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Zaire_%281971%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_Zaire_%281971%E2%80%931997%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Zaire_%281971%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_Zaire_%281971%E2%80%931997%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Zaire_%281971%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E4%BC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="薩伊">扎伊尔</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E8%92%99%E5%B7%B4" title="帕特里斯·卢蒙巴">帕特里斯·卢蒙巴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8D%9A%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E7%A7%91" title="蒙博托·塞塞·塞科">蒙博托·塞科</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="埃塞俄比亚"><img alt="埃塞俄比亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281897%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281975%E2%80%931987%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281975%E2%80%931987%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281975%E2%80%931987%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281975%E2%80%931987%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281975%E2%80%931987%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ethiopia_%281975%E2%80%931987%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="埃塞俄比亚">衣索比亞</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="海尔·塞拉西一世">海尔·塞拉西一世</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9B%BE%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E5%A7%86" title="门格斯图·海尔·马里亚姆">门格斯图·海尔·马里亚姆</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C" title="索马里">索马里</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E9%9B%B7" title="穆罕默德·西亞德·巴雷">穆罕默德·西亞德·巴雷</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/22px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/33px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/44px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="肯尼亚">肯尼亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E8%8E%AB%C2%B7%E8%82%AF%E9%9B%85%E5%A1%94" title="乔莫·肯雅塔">乔莫·肯雅塔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E4%BC%8A" title="丹尼尔·阿拉普·莫伊">丹尼尔·阿拉普·莫伊</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/22px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/33px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/44px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B9%B2%E8%BE%BE" title="乌干达">乌干达</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E9%A1%BF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%B9" title="米尔顿·奥博特">米尔顿·奥博特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%BF%AA%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%95%8F" title="伊迪·阿敏">伊迪·阿敏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E9%9F%A6%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%BC" title="约韦里·穆塞韦尼">约韦里·穆塞韦尼</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E6%A1%91%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="坦桑尼亚">坦桑尼亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%88%A9%E5%8F%B6%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%94" title="朱利叶斯·尼雷尔">朱利叶斯·尼雷尔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/22px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/33px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/44px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%93%A5%E6%8B%89" title="安哥拉">安哥拉</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%88%88%E4%BB%80%E8%92%82%E7%BA%BD%C2%B7%E5%86%85%E5%9B%BE" title="阿戈什蒂纽·内图">阿戈什蒂纽·内图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%B3%BD%C2%B7%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E6%96%AF%E6%A1%91%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF" title="若泽·爱德华多·多斯桑托斯">若澤·多斯桑托斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E6%96%87%E6%AF%94" title="若纳斯·萨文比">若纳斯·萨文比</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="纳米比亚">纳米比亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E5%8A%AA%E4%B9%94%E9%A9%AC" title="萨姆·努乔马">萨姆·努乔马</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Zambia_%281964%E2%80%931996%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Zambia_%281964%E2%80%931996%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Zambia_%281964%E2%80%931996%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Zambia_%281964%E2%80%931996%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Zambia_%281964%E2%80%931996%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Zambia_%281964%E2%80%931996%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9E%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="赞比亚">尚比亞</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E5%B0%BC%E6%80%9D%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%BF%81%E8%BE%BE" title="肯尼思·卡翁达">肯尼思·卡翁达</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%BD%8A%E7%9B%A7%E5%B7%B4" title="弗雷德里克·齊盧巴">弗雷德里克·齊盧巴</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281968%E2%80%931979%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281968%E2%80%931979%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281968%E2%80%931979%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281968%E2%80%931979%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281968%E2%80%931979%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Rhodesia_%281968%E2%80%931979%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="羅德西亞">羅德西亞</a>／<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/33px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/44px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E5%B7%B4%E5%A8%81" title="辛巴威">辛巴威</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AF%86%E6%96%AF" title="伊恩·史密斯">伊恩·史密斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E4%BD%90%E9%9B%B7%E7%93%A6" title="埃布尔·穆佐雷瓦">埃布尔·穆佐雷瓦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%8D%97%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E7%B4%8D%E7%B4%8D" title="卡南·巴納納">卡南·巴納納</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%8A%A0%E8%B2%9D" title="羅伯特·穆加貝">罗伯特·穆加贝</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4" title="马拉维">马拉维</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%BB%B7%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%A9%86%E7%A5%96%C2%B7%E7%8F%AD%E8%BE%BE" title="海斯廷斯·卡穆祖·班达">海斯廷斯·卡穆祖·班达</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B" title="莫桑比克"><img alt="莫桑比克" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Mozambique_%281975%E2%80%931983%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mozambique_%281975%E2%80%931983%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Mozambique_%281975%E2%80%931983%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mozambique_%281975%E2%80%931983%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Mozambique_%281975%E2%80%931983%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mozambique_%281975%E2%80%931983%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="614" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B" title="莫桑比克"><img alt="莫桑比克" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B" title="莫桑比克">莫桑比克</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E8%8E%AB%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E8%B0%A2%E5%B0%94" title="萨莫拉·马谢尔">萨莫拉·马谢尔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A" title="利比里亚">利比里亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E4%BC%AF%E6%9B%BC" title="威廉·杜伯曼">威廉·杜伯曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9" title="威廉·理查德·托尔伯特">威廉·理查德·托尔伯特</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%86%B7%E6%88%98" title="Category:冷战">分類</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%86%B7%E6%88%98" title="Portal:冷战">主題</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%88%B0%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E7%99%BC%E7%94%9F%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E8%A1%A8" title="冷戰時期事件發生時間表">時間表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130873#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130873#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130873#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/40195/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000011081935X">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/109383777">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmxX7Pxphdh64bCtBhyh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90120736">挪威</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000036944">智利</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX851204">西班牙</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11890947p">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11890947p">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118508296">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007258483505171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79085130">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/hftwwkt112j81h4">瑞典</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00463022">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js2005269459&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36051334">澳大利亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000150153&local_base=nsk10">克罗地亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p07005620X">荷兰</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810553706805606">波兰</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01974921?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118508296.html?language=en">德意志传记</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1202360">Trove</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10580605">NARA</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6gb22qm">SNAC</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026714485">IdRef</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=梅纳赫姆·贝京&oldid=84690065">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=梅纳赫姆·贝京&oldid=84690065</a>”</div></div> <div 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