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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-殼層列表" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#殼層列表"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>殼層列表</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-殼層列表-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关殼層列表子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-殼層列表-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-图形用户界面（GUI）殼層" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#图形用户界面（GUI）殼層"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>图形用户界面（GUI）殼層</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-图形用户界面（GUI）殼層-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-命令行界面（CLI）殼層" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#命令行界面（CLI）殼層"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>命令行界面（CLI）殼層</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-命令行界面（CLI）殼層-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unix或類似作業系統下的殼層" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unix或類似作業系統下的殼層"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Unix或類似作業系統下的殼層</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unix或類似作業系統下的殼層-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-非Unix作業系統的殼層" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#非Unix作業系統的殼層"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>非Unix作業系統的殼層</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-非Unix作業系統的殼層-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">殼層</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。43种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1_(%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A9)" title="واجهة أوامر (حوسبة) – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="واجهة أوامر (حوسبة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8)" title="Shell (компютри) – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Shell (компютри)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_(%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82)" title="শেল (কম্পিউটিং) – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শেল (কম্পিউটিং)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(inform%C3%A0tica)" title="Shell (informàtica) – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Shell (informàtica)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%BA_(%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1)" title="قاوغ (کۆمپیوتەر) – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="قاوغ (کۆمپیوتەر)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(opera%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_syst%C3%A9m)" title="Shell (operační systém) – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Shell (operační systém)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(Betriebssystem)" title="Shell (Betriebssystem) – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Shell (Betriebssystem)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AD%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%82)" title="Κέλυφος (υπολογιστές) – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κέλυφος (υπολογιστές)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(computing)" title="Shell (computing) – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Shell (computing)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Celo_(komputiko)" title="Ŝelo (komputiko) – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝelo (komputiko)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(inform%C3%A1tica)" title="Shell (informática) – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Shell (informática)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4suprotsessor" title="Käsuprotsessor – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Käsuprotsessor" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(informatika)" title="Shell (informatika) – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Shell (informatika)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87_(%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87)" title="پوسته (رایانه) – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پوسته (رایانه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuori_(ohjelmisto)" title="Kuori (ohjelmisto) – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuori (ohjelmisto)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_syst%C3%A8me" title="Interface système – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Interface système" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%A4%D7%AA_(%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D)" title="מעטפת (מחשבים) – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מעטפת (מחשבים)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljuska_(ra%C4%8Dunarstvo)" title="Ljuska (računarstvo) – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ljuska (računarstvo)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(sz%C3%A1m%C3%ADt%C3%A1stechnika)" title="Shell (számítástechnika) – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Shell (számítástechnika)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cangkang_(komputer)" title="Cangkang (komputer) – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cangkang (komputer)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(informatica)" title="Shell (informatica) – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shell (informatica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB" title="シェル – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シェル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Операциялық жүйе қоршамы – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Операциялық жүйе қоршамы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%85%B8" title="셸 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="셸" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apvalkalas" title="Apvalkalas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Apvalkalas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%B1%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%85%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BB)" title="Командын интерпретатор (бүрхүүл) – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Командын интерпретатор (бүрхүүл)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cangkerang_(pengkomputeran)" title="Cangkerang (pengkomputeran) – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Cangkerang (pengkomputeran)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(informatica)" title="Shell (informatica) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Shell (informatica)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skall_(programvare)" title="Skall (programvare) – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Skall (programvare)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow%C5%82oka_systemowa" title="Powłoka systemowa – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Powłoka systemowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(computa%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" title="Shell (computação) – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Shell (computação)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(informatic%C4%83)" title="Shell (informatică) – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Shell (informatică)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Оболочка операционной системы – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оболочка операционной системы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljuska_(ra%C4%8Dunarstvo)" title="Ljuska (računarstvo) – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ljuska (računarstvo)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(computing)" title="Shell (computing) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Shell (computing)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupina_(ra%C4%8Dunalni%C5%A1tvo)" title="Lupina (računalništvo) – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lupina (računalništvo)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%89%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Љуска (рачунарство) – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Љуска (рачунарство)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skalprogram" title="Skalprogram – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Skalprogram" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="முனையம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முனையம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C" title="เชลล์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เชลล์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Оболонка операційної системи – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Оболонка операційної системи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_(%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_to%C3%A1n)" title="Shell (điện toán) – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Shell (điện toán)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Command_shells" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18109" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>關於同名的結構，請見<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4_(%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="殼層 (結構)（页面不存在）">殼層 (結構)</a>。關於原子內電子分佈的概念，請見<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%B1%A4" title="電子層">電子層</a>。</div> <div id="noteTA-ddfe31f3" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="IT"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:内核; zh-hant:核心;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:图形用户界面; zh-hant:圖形化使用者介面;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:界面; zh-hant:介面;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:用户; zh-hant:使用者;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:接口; zh-hant:层面;"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; float: right;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:;">「殼層」的各地常用名稱</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; background-color:; width:4em;;">中国大陸</th><td class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 1rem;;">shell，壳层，外壳 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; background-color:; width:4em;;">臺灣</th><td class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 1rem;;">shell，殼層 </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Linux系统的大致结构，其中包括Shell"><img alt="Linux系统的大致结构，其中包括Shell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4.png/250px-%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4.png 1.5x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="383" /></a><figcaption>Linux系统的大致结构，其中包括Shell</figcaption></figure> <p><span lang="en"><b>Shell</b></span>（也称为<b>壳层</b>）在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="電腦科學">電腦科學</a>中指「為使用者提供使用者介面」的軟體，通常指的是<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%A1%8C%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2" title="命令行界面">命令行界面</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="解析器">解析器</a>。一般來說，這個詞是指<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="作業系統">作業系統</a>中提供存取<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8" title="内核">内核</a>所提供之服務的程式。Shell也用于泛指所有为用户提供操作界面的程序，也就是程序和用户<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="交互（页面不存在）">交互</a>的層面。因此与之相对的是<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8" title="内核">内核</a>（英語：<span lang="en"><b>Kernel</b></span>），内核不提供和用户的交互功能。 </p><p>不過這個詞也拿來指應用軟體，或是任何在特定元件外圍的軟體，例如瀏覽器或電子郵件軟體是<a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E7%89%88%E5%BC%95%E6%93%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="排版引擎">排版引擎</a>的Shell。Shell這個詞是來自於作業系統（核心）與使用者介面的外層介面。 </p><p>通常將shell分為兩類：命令列與圖形介面。命令列殼層提供一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4%E8%A1%8C%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2" title="命令行界面">命令行界面</a>（CLI）；而圖形殼層提供一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%80%85%E4%BB%8B%E9%9D%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="圖形使用者介面">圖形使用者介面</a>（GUI）。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>殼層（shell）這個說法起源於<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E8%B4%8A" title="路易斯·普贊">路易斯·普贊</a>（Louis Pouzin），在1964年至1965年間首次提出，隨後在<a href="/wiki/Multics" title="Multics">Multics</a>（MULTiplexed Information and Computing System）計畫中首次被實作出來。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/UNIX" title="UNIX">Unix</a>上的第一個<a href="/wiki/Unix_shell" title="Unix shell">Unix殼層（Unix shell</a>）是<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%C2%B7%E6%B1%A4%E6%99%AE%E9%80%8A" title="肯·汤普逊">肯·湯普遜</a>（Ken Thompson）以Multics上的shell為範本，所寫出的<a href="/wiki/Thompson_shell" title="Thompson shell">Thompson shell</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-v6hist_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v6hist-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E8%BD%AF" title="微软">微软</a>的<a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>操作系统也提供了命令行殼層的功能，它们是<a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a> / <a href="/wiki/Windows_98" title="Windows 98">98</a>下的<a href="/wiki/Command.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Command.com">command.com</a>、<a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a>内核下的<a href="/wiki/Cmd.exe" class="mw-redirect" title="Cmd.exe">cmd.exe</a>以及<a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a>；而图形界面壳层即为<a href="/wiki/Windows_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Explorer">explorer.exe</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="殼層列表"><span id=".E6.AE.BC.E5.B1.A4.E5.88.97.E8.A1.A8"></span>殼層列表</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：殼層列表"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="图形用户界面（GUI）殼層"><span id=".E5.9B.BE.E5.BD.A2.E7.94.A8.E6.88.B7.E7.95.8C.E9.9D.A2.EF.BC.88GUI.EF.BC.89.E6.AE.BC.E5.B1.A4"></span>图形用户界面（GUI）殼層</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：图形用户界面（GUI）殼層"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/GUI" class="mw-redirect" title="GUI">GUI</a>通常會建構在<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E7%AA%97%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="視窗系統">視窗系統</a>上。 </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AmigaOS" title="AmigaOS">AmigaOS</a>環境： <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workbench_(AmigaOS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Workbench (AmigaOS)（页面不存在）">Workbench</a>（從AmigaOS 2.0之後增加了GUI殼）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambient_(GUI)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambient (GUI)（页面不存在）">Ambient</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=MorphOS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MorphOS（页面不存在）">MorphOS</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directory_Opus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directory Opus（页面不存在）">Directory Opus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ScalOS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ScalOS（页面不存在）">ScalOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanderer" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanderer">Wanderer</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Amiga_Research_Operating_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amiga Research Operating System（页面不存在）">AROS</a>.）</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="DOS Shell" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="DOS Shell"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=DOS_Shell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DOS Shell（页面不存在）">DOS Shell</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOS_Shell" class="extiw" title="en:DOS Shell"><span lang="en" dir="auto">DOS Shell</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Finder" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh Finder">Macintosh Finder</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>環境： <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aston_shell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aston shell（页面不存在）">Aston shell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BB4Win&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BB4Win（页面不存在）">BB4Win</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emerge_Desktop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emerge Desktop（页面不存在）">Emerge Desktop</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoshell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geoshell（页面不存在）">Geoshell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Litestep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litestep（页面不存在）">Litestep</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all ilh-blue" data-orig-title="程序管理器" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Program Manager"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="程序管理器">程序管理器</a></span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secure_Desktop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secure Desktop（页面不存在）">Secure Desktop</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SharpE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SharpE（页面不存在）">SharpE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Explorer">Windows Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UserShell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UserShell（页面不存在）">UserShell</a> <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X_Window_System" class="mw-redirect" title="X Window System">X Window System</a>環境或<a href="/wiki/Wayland" title="Wayland">Wayland</a>环境（主要用於類<a href="/wiki/Unix" class="mw-redirect" title="Unix">Unix</a>作業系統）： <ul><li>獨立的<a href="/wiki/X%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="X窗口管理器">X窗口管理器</a>，例如<a href="/wiki/Blackbox" title="Blackbox">Blackbox</a>與<a href="/wiki/Fluxbox" title="Fluxbox">Fluxbox</a></li> <li>依靠窗口管理器的完整<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%8C%E9%9D%A2%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83" title="桌面环境">桌面環境</a>，例如： <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CDE" title="CDE">CDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_(%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%80%85%E4%BB%8B%E9%9D%A2)" title="Unity (使用者介面)">Unity</a>（以<a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a>作核心）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDE" title="KDE">KDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFCE" class="mw-redirect" title="XFCE">XFCE</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="命令行界面（CLI）殼層"><span id=".E5.91.BD.E4.BB.A4.E8.A1.8C.E7.95.8C.E9.9D.A2.EF.BC.88CLI.EF.BC.89.E6.AE.BC.E5.B1.A4"></span>命令行界面（CLI）殼層</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：命令行界面（CLI）殼層"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Unix或類似作業系統下的殼層"><span id="Unix.E6.88.96.E9.A1.9E.E4.BC.BC.E4.BD.9C.E6.A5.AD.E7.B3.BB.E7.B5.B1.E4.B8.8B.E7.9A.84.E6.AE.BC.E5.B1.A4"></span>Unix或類似作業系統下的殼層</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：Unix或類似作業系統下的殼層"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>常見或歷史上知名的Unix殼層有： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourne_shell" title="Bourne shell">Bourne shell</a>（sh） /*<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linux.die.net/man/1/sh">'man sh'</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201112021330/http://linux.die.net/man/1/sh">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）*/ <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almquist_shell" title="Almquist shell">Almquist shell</a>（ash） /*<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linux.die.net/man/1/ash">'man ash'</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210225025218/http://linux.die.net/man/1/ash">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）*/ <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debian_Almquist_shell" title="Debian Almquist shell">Debian Almquist shell</a>（dash） /*<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linux.die.net/man/1/dash">'man dash'</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210224121139/http://linux.die.net/man/1/dash">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）*/</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bash" title="Bash">Bourne-Again shell</a>（bash） /*<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linux.die.net/man/1/bash">'man bash'</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210413140510/http://linux.die.net/man/1/bash">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）*/</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korn_shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Korn shell">Korn shell</a>（ksh） /*<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linux.die.net/man/1/ksh">'man ksh'</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210227053922/http://linux.die.net/man/1/ksh">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）*/</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_shell" title="Z shell">Z shell</a>（zsh） /*<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linux.die.net/man/1/zsh">'man zsh'</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210224043709/http://linux.die.net/man/1/zsh">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）*/</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_shell" class="mw-redirect" title="C shell">C shell</a>（csh） /*<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linux.die.net/man/1/csh">'man csh'</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201013205438/http://linux.die.net/man/1/csh">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）*/ <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tcsh" title="Tcsh">TENEX C shell</a>（tcsh） /*<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linux.die.net/man/1/tcsh">'man tcsh'</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210105201527/http://linux.die.net/man/1/tcsh">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）*/</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMACS" class="mw-redirect" title="EMACS">EMACS</a> shell (eshell)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Es_shell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Es shell（页面不存在）">Es shell</a>（es）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esh_(Unix)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esh (Unix)（页面不存在）">esh (Unix)</a> – Easy Shell</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendly_interactive_shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Friendly interactive shell">friendly interactive shell</a>（fish） /*<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linux.die.net/man/1/fish">'man fish'</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210224092104/http://linux.die.net/man/1/fish">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）*/</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rc_shell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rc shell（页面不存在）">rc shell</a>（rc）– shell for <a href="/wiki/Plan_9_from_Bell_Labs" class="mw-redirect" title="Plan 9 from Bell Labs">Plan 9 from Bell Labs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unix" class="mw-redirect" title="Unix">Unix</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scsh（页面不存在）">scsh</a>（Scheme Shell）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stand-alone_Shell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stand-alone Shell（页面不存在）">Stand-alone Shell</a>（sash）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BeanShell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BeanShell（页面不存在）">BeanShell</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beanshell.org/manual/bshmanual.html#BeanShell_Commands_Documentation">bsh</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201210230349/http://www.beanshell.org/manual/bshmanual.html#BeanShell_Commands_Documentation">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beanshell.org/download.html">bsh.Interpreter , bsh.Console</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201210230355/http://www.beanshell.org/download.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）） /*<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/karmic/en/man1/bsh.1.html">'man bsh'</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年3月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup>*/</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhino_(JavaScript_engine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhino (JavaScript engine)（页面不存在）">Rhino</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mozilla.org/rhino/shell.html">JavaScript殼層</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110103060950/http://www.mozilla.org/rhino/shell.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mozilla.org/rhino/download.html">org.mozilla.javascript.tools.shell.Main</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20120629082425/http://www.mozilla.org/rhino/download.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）） /*<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140524084511/http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/karmic/man1/rhino.1.html">'man rhino'</a>*/</li></ul> <p>以及linux系統上的：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linux.die.net/man/5/shells">'/etc/shells'</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20181210213739/http://linux.die.net/man/5/shells">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="非Unix作業系統的殼層"><span id=".E9.9D.9EUnix.E4.BD.9C.E6.A5.AD.E7.B3.BB.E7.B5.B1.E7.9A.84.E6.AE.BC.E5.B1.A4"></span>非Unix作業系統的殼層</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：非Unix作業系統的殼層"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="4DOS" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="4DOS"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=4DOS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4DOS（页面不存在）">4DOS</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4DOS" class="extiw" title="en:4DOS"><span lang="en" dir="auto">4DOS</span></a></span>）</span></span>, 4OS2, <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="4NT" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="4NT"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=4NT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4NT（页面不存在）">4NT</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4NT" class="extiw" title="en:4NT"><span lang="en" dir="auto">4NT</span></a></span>）</span></span> – JP Software公司可在在<a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a>，及Windows NT下使用的殼層。<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Take Command" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Take Command (command line interpreter)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Take_Command&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Take Command（页面不存在）">Take Command</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_Command_(command_line_interpreter)" class="extiw" title="en:Take Command (command line interpreter)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Take Command (command line interpreter)</span></a></span>）</span></span>程式則是GUI方式的相容程式。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amiga_CLI/Amiga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amiga CLI/Amiga（页面不存在）">Amiga CLI/Amiga</a>殼層是稱為Workbench的<a href="/wiki/AmigaOS" title="AmigaOS">AmigaOS</a>圖形介面的另一選擇。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC-PLUS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BASIC-PLUS（页面不存在）">BASIC-PLUS</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=RSTS/E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RSTS/E（页面不存在）">RSTS/E</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beemos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beemos（页面不存在）">Beemos</a>（BEEMos）–在<a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a>上執行的一個小型專案，提供設定、應用程式等功能，感覺起來像是在另一個作業系統下。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CANDE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CANDE（页面不存在）">CANDE MCS</a>– <a href="/w/index.php?title=MCP_(Burroughs_Large_Systems)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MCP (Burroughs Large Systems)（页面不存在）">MCP</a>作業系統的指令行殼曾與文字編輯器</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP/M#Command_processor" title="CP/M">CCP</a> – <a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a>作業系統的主控台指令處理器</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cmd.exe" class="mw-redirect" title="Cmd.exe">cmd.exe</a> –基於<a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a>、<a href="/wiki/Windows_CE" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows CE">Windows CE</a>、<a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a>系列作業系統的命令提示字元殼層</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COMMAND.COM" title="COMMAND.COM">COMMAND.COM</a> – <a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a>的殼層</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DOS_Wedge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DOS Wedge（页面不存在）">Commodore DOS Wedge</a> – <a href="/wiki/Commodore_64" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64</a>上<a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> 2.0的延伸功能，包括常用磁碟操作的簡略指令</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DIGITAL_Command_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DIGITAL Command Language（页面不存在）">DCL</a> – <a href="/wiki/OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">OpenVMS</a>的標準殼層，衍生自早期的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%90%89%E5%A4%9A" title="迪吉多">迪吉多</a>（DEC）作業系統</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dynamic_debugging_technique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dynamic debugging technique（页面不存在）">DDT</a> – <a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%90%89%E5%A4%9A" title="迪吉多">迪吉多</a>（DEC）<a href="/wiki/PDP-10" title="PDP-10">PDP-10</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%81%B5%E9%8C%AF%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="偵錯工具">偵錯工具</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%9C%81%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="麻省理工學院">麻省理工學院</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incompatible_Timesharing_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Incompatible Timesharing System（页面不存在）">Incompatible Timesharing System</a>的指令殼層</li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=OS/400&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OS/400（页面不存在）">OS/400</a>上的Unix風格殼層</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macintosh_Programmer%27s_Workshop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macintosh Programmer's Workshop（页面不存在）">Macintosh Programmer's Workshop</a> –古典<a href="/wiki/Mac_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS">Mac OS</a>軟體開發用的老式指令行環境</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_BASIC" title="Microsoft BASIC">Microsoft BASIC</a> –一些古老8位元電腦上的主要作業環境</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rexx&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rexx（页面不存在）">Rexx</a> – IBM的<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="脚本语言">脚本语言</a>（scripting language）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Singularity_(operating_system)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Singularity (operating system)（页面不存在）">Singularity shell</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Singularity_(operating_system)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Singularity (operating system)（页面不存在）">Singularity</a>的標準殼層</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_PowerShell" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows PowerShell">Windows PowerShell</a> –命令提示字元的新一代物件導向後繼者（舊稱Monad或Microsoft Shell (MSH)）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E5%BE%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%8E%A7%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="修復主控台">Windows修復主控台</a>– <a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a>、<a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a>、<a href="/wiki/Windows_2003" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows 2003">Windows 2003</a>作業系統的一項功能</li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouOS#YouShell" title="YouOS">YouShell</a> –用於<a href="/wiki/YouOS" title="YouOS">YouOS</a>，基於<a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>的指令處理器</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-width: 35em; column-width: 35em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.multicians.org/shell.html">Louis Pouzin, <i>The Origin of the Shell</i></a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-04-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171221142542/http://www.multicians.org/shell.html">存档</a>于2017-12-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4&rft.btitle=Louis+Pouzin%2C+The+Origin+of+the+Shell&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.multicians.org%2Fshell.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-v6hist-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-v6hist_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130203025701/http://v6shell.org/history/">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-04-15</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://v6shell.org/history/">原始内容</a>存档于2013-02-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fv6shell.org%2Fhistory%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.multicians.org/unix.html">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-04-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/69iMMYfZj?url=http://www.multicians.org/unix.html">存档</a>于2012-08-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.multicians.org%2Funix.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usershell.ru/">UserShell Software Complex</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-07-24</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201210230305/http://usershell.ru/">存档</a>于2020-12-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4&rft.btitle=UserShell+Software+Complex&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusershell.ru%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://technet.microsoft.com/zh-tw/library/cc737438(WS.10).aspx">命令殼層概觀，Microsoft Technet</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20101114074356/http://technet.microsoft.com/zh-tw/library/cc737438(WS.10).aspx">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a 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