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href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">查看“︁殼層”︁的源代码</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="这篇条目只存在于此语言中。添加其他语言的条目" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">添加语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4&action=edit" title="编辑该页面"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox 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id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25E6%25AE%25BC%25E5%25B1%25A4%26action%3Dedit"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25E6%25AE%25BC%25E5%25B1%25A4%26action%3Dedit"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18109" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">←<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%BC%E5%B1%A4" title="殼層">殼層</a></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><p>根据以下的原因，您并无权限去编辑该页面： </p> <ul class="permissions-errors"><li class="mw-permissionerror-blockedtext"> <table id="mw-blocked-text" style="border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,rgba(0,0,0,0.4)); border-radius: 3px; width:100%; margin:0 auto 6px auto; padding: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin: 1.3em 0 1.3em 0;"><div style="font-size:1.6em; color:var(--color-error,rgba(221,51,51,1));"><b>您現在使用的IP地址目前不能編輯維基百科</b></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><div style="display: inline-block; padding: 0 2em; border-radius: 3px;"><b>您可以瀏覽頁面</b>，但不能編輯或建立頁面</div></div> </div> <div style="margin:auto; width:70%;"> <div style="text-align:justify;"> <p>目前，IP地址區段「<u>8.222.0.0/16</u>」已被‪Jimmy-abot‬<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:BLOCK" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:BLOCK">封禁</a></b>，而您所使用的IP地址正位於被封禁的範圍內。該IP地址區段被封禁的 </p> <div style="margin:1em; background: var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0); padding:0.6em 2em; border:0px var(--border-color-notice,#666) solid; border-radius: 3px;" id="mw-blocked-text-reason"> <div style="color: var(--color-progressive--active,rgba(42,75,141,1))">封禁理由：</div> <div style="color: var(--color-error,rgba(221,51,51,1)); margin:0.5em 1em"> <table class="user-block" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base,#AAA); padding: 0.5em; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banned_proxys.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Banned_proxys.svg/50px-Banned_proxys.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Banned_proxys.svg/75px-Banned_proxys.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Banned_proxys.svg/100px-Banned_proxys.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>您正在使用的<a href="/wiki/IP%E4%BD%8D%E5%9D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="IP位址">IP地址</a>被判定用于代理工具，因此这一IP已经被封禁。 <p>为防止破坏，<b><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/No_open_proxies/zh" class="extiw" title="m:No open proxies/zh">维基媒体基金会禁止使用部分代理工具来编辑维基百科</a></b>。 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: 1px solid #AAA; padding-top: 0.5em;"> <p><b>为什么？</b> </p><p>您当前访问维基百科使用的IP被我们判定为代理（包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E7%A0%B4%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" title="突破网络审查">突破网络审查</a>）工具所使用的IP。因代理工具可以隐藏用户的真实IP，使破坏者可以以人工或程序对维基百科进行破坏，故禁止使用公共代理工具进行编辑。 </p><p><b>怎么办？</b> </p> <ul><li>直接访问维基百科，不经过代理服务。</li> <li>如果您在中国大陆而必须使用代理服务器，或是有特殊需要，请您 <span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unblock-zh/Blocked_proxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Unblock-zh/Blocked proxy"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive" role="button">使用网站</span></a></span> 或者 <span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IPBEMAIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:IPBEMAIL"><span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive" role="button">使用电邮</span></a></span> 申请IP封禁豁免。带有此权限的用户可以使用被封禁的代理编辑维基百科。</li> <li>如果您相信自己并未运行或使用代理，那很可能是因为上一个从<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E4%BE%9B%E5%BA%94%E5%95%86" title="互联网服务供应商">互联网服务供应商</a>分配到此IP地址的用户运行了代理。那么请在您的<a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:讨论页">讨论页</a>使用{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Unblock" title="Template:Unblock">unblock</a>}}模板申请解除封禁。极少数情况下，您的网络设备或服务提供商可能未进行正确配置，或已被恶意软件（如病毒）入侵。</li> <li>您如果无法自行解决问题，可至<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93" title="Wikipedia:IRC聊天频道">IRC聊天频道</a>寻求其他编者的帮助。</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="color: var(--color-progressive--active,rgba(42,75,141,1))">這次封禁的結束時間是：<b>2025年7月23日 (三) 10:52 (<a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>)</b></div> </div> <p>如您对此封禁有疑问或异议，您可以： </p> <div style="margin:1em; background: var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0); color: var(--color-progressive--active,rgba(42,75,141,1)); padding:0.6em 2em; border:0px var(--border-color-notice,#666 solid); border-radius: 3px;"> <div style="margin-bottom: 0.4em;"><b>网站申诉</b>：前往<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unblock-zh.org/new/zhwp">-{R|https://unblock-zh.org/new/zhwp}-</a>，如果您没有账户，请选择“无法创建账户”。如果您有账户，请选择“已有账户，但无法编辑”。在页面下方的“IP地址和IPBE”一节，请您选择“检测并提供我的IP地址信息，同时申请IPBE权限”。如果您使用代理/翻墙工具，请确保您开启全局模式，以保证我们获得您的准确IP信息。管理员将手工处理您的请求。</div> <div style="margin-bottom: 0.4em;"><b>邮件申诉</b>：将您的用户名和申诉理由写入电子邮件，发送至 <b><samp>unblock-zh<span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="@"><img alt="@" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nospam_at.svg/12px-Nospam_at.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nospam_at.svg/18px-Nospam_at.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Nospam_at.svg/24px-Nospam_at.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>lists.wikimedia.org</samp></b>。管理员将在收到邮件后考虑您的请求。请注意邮件发送可能会有延时，请勿重复多次发送。</div> <div class="user-show"><b>联络管理员</b>：聯絡<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%94%B5%E9%82%AE%E8%81%94%E7%B3%BB/Jimmy-abot" title="Special:电邮联系/Jimmy-abot">执行封禁的管理员‪Jimmy-abot‬</a>或者其他的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%91%98%E5%90%8D%E5%8D%95#在任管理员" title="Wikipedia:管理员名单">管理員</a>，討論這次封禁。如果您希望使用「電郵用戶」功能聯絡管理員，請注意您必须已于您的<a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE" title="Special:参数设置">参数设置</a>中設定了一個有效的電子郵件地址，并且在管理员执行封禁时没有被禁止发送电子邮件。</div></div> <p>您目前的IP地址是8.222.208.146，而該封鎖ID是#566341。請您在所有申訴中註明此IP地址及封鎖ID。 </p><p><br /> </p> <div style="height: 2em;"></div> </div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></li><li class="mw-permissionerror-globalblocking-blockedtext-range"><b>您的IP地址属于已<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks">在所有维基媒体基金会维基受到封禁</a>的地址段。</b> <p>封禁执行者是<a href="/wiki/User:Jon_Kolbert" title="User:Jon Kolbert">‪Jon Kolbert‬</a>。封禁原因是<i><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/NOP" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/NOP">Open proxy/Webhost</a>: See the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WM:OP/H" class="extiw" title="m:WM:OP/H">help page</a> if you are affected </i>。 </p> <ul><li>封禁开始时间：2023年8月27日 (日) 15:12</li> <li>封禁期满时间：2028年8月27日 (日) 15:12</li></ul> <p>您当前的IP地址是8.222.208.146。封禁的地址段是8.222.128.0/17。 </p> 请在进行咨询时提供上面所有详情。如果您认为您受到错误封禁，您可以在<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">禁止公开代理</a>全域方针里找到更多信息和说明。您也可以<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">到元维基发布复查申请</a>讨论该封禁。您还可以给<a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">监管员</a><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a>队列（<kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd>）发送提供上面所有详情的电子邮件。</li></ul><hr /> <p>您可以查看和复制此页面的源代码。 </p><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="zh" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{For2|同名的結構|[[殼層 (結構)]]|原子內電子分佈的概念|[[電子層]]}} {{noteTA |G1=IT |1=zh-hans:内核; zh-hant:核心; |2=zh-hans:图形用户界面; zh-hant:圖形化使用者介面; |4=zh-hans:界面; zh-hant:介面; |5=zh-hans:用户; zh-hant:使用者; |6=zh-hans:接口; zh-hant:层面; }} {{各地中文名 |cn = shell，壳层，外壳 |tw = shell，殼層 }} [[File:殼層.png|Linux系统的大致结构，其中包括Shell|250px|right]] -{zh-hans:{{lang|en|'''Shell'''}};zh-hant:'''殼層'''}-（-{zh-hans:也称为'''壳层''';zh-hant:{{lang-en|'''Shell'''}}}-）在[[電腦科學]]中指「為使用者提供使用者介面」的軟體，通常指的是[[命令行界面]]的[[解析器]]。一般來說，這個詞是指[[作業系統]]中提供存取[[内核]]所提供之服務的程式。Shell也用于泛指所有为用户提供操作界面的程序，也就是程序和用户[[交互]]的層面。因此与之相对的是[[内核]]（{{lang-en|'''Kernel'''}}），内核不提供和用户的交互功能。不過這個詞也拿來指應用軟體，或是任何在特定元件外圍的軟體，例如瀏覽器或電子郵件軟體是[[HTML]][[排版引擎]]的Shell。Shell這個詞是來自於作業系統（核心）與使用者介面的外層介面。通常將shell分為兩類：命令列與圖形介面。命令列殼層提供一個[[命令行界面]]（CLI）；而圖形殼層提供一個[[圖形使用者介面]]（GUI）。 == 歷史 == 殼層（shell）這個說法起源於[[路易斯·普贊]]（Louis Pouzin），在1964年至1965年間首次提出，隨後在[[Multics]]（MULTiplexed Information and Computing System）計畫中首次被實作出來。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.multicians.org/shell.html |title=Louis Pouzin, ''The Origin of the Shell'' |accessdate=2010-04-15 |archive-date=2017-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171221142542/http://www.multicians.org/shell.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> [[UNIX|Unix]]上的第一個[[Unix shell|Unix殼層（Unix shell]]）是[[肯·汤普逊|肯·湯普遜]]（Ken Thompson）以Multics上的shell為範本，所寫出的[[Thompson shell]]。<ref name="v6hist">{{Cite web |url=http://v6shell.org/history/ |title=存档副本 |access-date=2010-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203025701/http://v6shell.org/history/ |archive-date=2013-02-03 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.multicians.org/unix.html |title=存档副本 |accessdate=2010-04-15 |archive-date=2012-08-06 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/69iMMYfZj?url=http://www.multicians.org/unix.html |dead-url=no }}</ref> [[微软]]的[[Windows]]操作系统也提供了命令行殼層的功能，它们是[[Windows 95]] / [[Windows 98|98]]下的[[command.com]]、[[Windows NT]]内核下的[[cmd.exe]]以及[[PowerShell]]；而图形界面壳层即为[[Windows Explorer|explorer.exe]]。 == 殼層列表 == === 图形用户界面（GUI）殼層 === [[GUI]]通常會建構在[[視窗系統]]上。 * [[AmigaOS]]環境： ** [[Workbench (AmigaOS)|Workbench]]（從AmigaOS 2.0之後增加了GUI殼） ** [[Ambient (GUI)|Ambient]]（[[MorphOS]]） ** [[Directory Opus]] ** [[ScalOS]] ** [[Wanderer]]（[[Amiga Research Operating System|AROS]].） * {{le|DOS Shell}} * [[Macintosh Finder]] * [[Microsoft Windows]]環境： ** [[Aston shell]] ** [[BB4Win]] ** [[Emerge Desktop]] ** [[Geoshell]] ** [[Litestep]] ** {{le|程序管理器|Program Manager}} ** [[Secure Desktop]] ** [[SharpE]] ** [[Windows Explorer]] ** [[UserShell]] <ref>{{cite web|title=UserShell Software Complex|url=http://usershell.ru/|access-date=2018-07-24|archive-date=2020-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210230305/http://usershell.ru/|dead-url=no}}</ref> * [[X Window System]]環境或[[Wayland]]环境（主要用於類[[Unix]]作業系統）： ** 獨立的[[X窗口管理器]]，例如[[Blackbox]]與[[Fluxbox]] ** 依靠窗口管理器的完整[[桌面環境]]，例如： *** [[CDE]] *** [[GNOME]] *** [[Unity (使用者介面)|Unity]]（以[[GNOME]]作核心） *** [[KDE]] *** [[XFCE]] === 命令行界面（CLI）殼層 === ==== Unix或類似作業系統下的殼層 ==== 常見或歷史上知名的Unix殼層有： * [[Bourne shell]]（sh） /*[http://linux.die.net/man/1/sh 'man sh'] {{Wayback|url=http://linux.die.net/man/1/sh |date=20201112021330 }}*/ ** [[Almquist shell]]（ash） /*[http://linux.die.net/man/1/ash 'man ash'] {{Wayback|url=http://linux.die.net/man/1/ash |date=20210225025218 }}*/ *** [[Debian Almquist shell]]（dash） /*[http://linux.die.net/man/1/dash 'man dash'] {{Wayback|url=http://linux.die.net/man/1/dash |date=20210224121139 }}*/ ** [[Bash|Bourne-Again shell]]（bash） /*[http://linux.die.net/man/1/bash 'man bash'] {{Wayback|url=http://linux.die.net/man/1/bash |date=20210413140510 }}*/ ** [[Korn shell]]（ksh） /*[http://linux.die.net/man/1/ksh 'man ksh'] {{Wayback|url=http://linux.die.net/man/1/ksh |date=20210227053922 }}*/ ** [[Z shell]]（zsh） /*[http://linux.die.net/man/1/zsh 'man zsh'] {{Wayback|url=http://linux.die.net/man/1/zsh |date=20210224043709 }}*/ * [[C shell]]（csh） /*[http://linux.die.net/man/1/csh 'man csh'] {{Wayback|url=http://linux.die.net/man/1/csh |date=20201013205438 }}*/ ** [[tcsh|TENEX C shell]]（tcsh） /*[http://linux.die.net/man/1/tcsh 'man tcsh'] {{Wayback|url=http://linux.die.net/man/1/tcsh |date=20210105201527 }}*/ * [[EMACS]] shell (eshell) * [[Es shell]]（es） * [[esh (Unix)]] – Easy Shell * [[friendly interactive shell]]（fish） /*[http://linux.die.net/man/1/fish 'man fish'] {{Wayback|url=http://linux.die.net/man/1/fish |date=20210224092104 }}*/ * [[rc shell]]（rc）– shell for [[Plan 9 from Bell Labs]] and [[Unix]] * [[scsh]]（Scheme Shell） * [[Stand-alone Shell]]（sash） * [[BeanShell]]（[http://www.beanshell.org/manual/bshmanual.html#BeanShell_Commands_Documentation bsh] {{Wayback|url=http://www.beanshell.org/manual/bshmanual.html#BeanShell_Commands_Documentation |date=20201210230349 }}，[http://www.beanshell.org/download.html bsh.Interpreter , bsh.Console] {{Wayback|url=http://www.beanshell.org/download.html |date=20201210230355 }}） /*[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/karmic/en/man1/bsh.1.html 'man bsh']{{dead link|date=2018年3月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}*/ * [[Rhino_(JavaScript_engine)#Rhino_Shell|Rhino]] [http://www.mozilla.org/rhino/shell.html JavaScript殼層] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mozilla.org/rhino/shell.html |date=20110103060950 }}（[http://www.mozilla.org/rhino/download.html org.mozilla.javascript.tools.shell.Main] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mozilla.org/rhino/download.html |date=20120629082425 }}） /*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140524084511/http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/karmic/man1/rhino.1.html 'man rhino']*/ 以及linux系統上的：[http://linux.die.net/man/5/shells '/etc/shells'] {{Wayback|url=http://linux.die.net/man/5/shells |date=20181210213739 }} ==== 非Unix作業系統的殼層 ==== * {{le|4DOS}}, 4OS2, {{le|4NT}} – JP Software公司可在在[[DOS]], [[OS/2]]，及Windows NT下使用的殼層。{{tsl|en|Take Command (command line interpreter)|Take Command}}程式則是GUI方式的相容程式。 * [[Amiga CLI/Amiga]]殼層是稱為Workbench的[[AmigaOS]]圖形介面的另一選擇。 * [[BASIC-PLUS]] – [[RSTS/E]] * [[Beemos]]（BEEMos）–在[[Windows XP]]上執行的一個小型專案，提供設定、應用程式等功能，感覺起來像是在另一個作業系統下。 * [[CANDE|CANDE MCS]]– [[MCP (Burroughs Large Systems)|MCP]]作業系統的指令行殼曾與文字編輯器 * [[CP/M#Command processor|CCP]] – [[CP/M]]作業系統的主控台指令處理器 * [[cmd.exe]] –基於[[OS/2]]、[[Windows CE]]、[[Windows NT]]系列作業系統的命令提示字元殼層 * [[COMMAND.COM]] – [[DOS]]的殼層 * [[DOS Wedge|Commodore DOS Wedge]] – [[Commodore 64]]上[[BASIC]] 2.0的延伸功能，包括常用磁碟操作的簡略指令 * [[DIGITAL Command Language|DCL]] – [[OpenVMS]]的標準殼層，衍生自早期的[[迪吉多]]（DEC）作業系統 * [[Dynamic debugging technique|DDT]] – [[迪吉多]]（DEC）[[PDP-10]] [[偵錯工具]]，[[麻省理工學院]][[Incompatible Timesharing System]]的指令殼層 * [[DROS]] – [[智能手机]]上基於[[Java ME]]平台的類DOS殼層 * [[可擴展韌體介面#EFI和作業系統|EFI-SHELL]] –[[可擴展韌體介面]]（Extensible Firmware Interface，EFI）指令殼層，它是開放原始碼的 * [[Google Shell]] –基於瀏覽器的[[Google Search]]前端介面 * [[iSeries QSHELL]] – [[IBM]] [[OS/400]]上的Unix風格殼層 * [[Macintosh Programmer's Workshop]] –古典[[Mac OS]]軟體開發用的老式指令行環境 * [[Microsoft BASIC]] –一些古老8位元電腦上的主要作業環境 * [[Rexx]] – IBM的[[脚本语言]]（scripting language） * [[Singularity (operating system)|Singularity shell]] – [[Singularity (operating system)|Singularity]]的標準殼層 * [[Windows PowerShell]] –命令提示字元的新一代物件導向後繼者（舊稱Monad或Microsoft Shell (MSH)） * [[修復主控台|Windows修復主控台]]– [[Windows 2000]]、[[Windows XP]]、[[Windows 2003]]作業系統的一項功能 * [[YouOS#YouShell|YouShell]] –用於[[YouOS]]，基於[[JavaScript]]的指令處理器 == 參考文獻 == {{Reflist|35em}} == 外部連結 == * [http://technet.microsoft.com/zh-tw/library/cc737438(WS.10).aspx 命令殼層概觀，Microsoft Technet] {{Wayback|url=http://technet.microsoft.com/zh-tw/library/cc737438(WS.10).aspx |date=20101114074356 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130820203444/http://software-carpentry.org/v4/shell/intro.html The Unix Shell: Introduction] == 參見 == {{Portal box|计算机科学|软件|Linux}} * [[電腦殼的比較]] * [[殼帳號]]（Shell Account） * [[殼腳本]]（Shell Script） * [[批次檔]] * [[Unix shell]] * [[DOS殼]] * [[Internet Explorer殼]] [[Category:命令壳层| ]] [[Category:桌面环境]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p>本页<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB" title="Wikipedia:嵌入包含">嵌入包含</a>了79个页面： </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Basepage_subpage" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Basepage subpage">Template:Basepage subpage</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Basepage_subpage&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Basepage subpage">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Category_handler" title="Template:Category handler">Template:Category handler</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Category_handler&action=edit" title="Template:Category handler">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Category_handler/blacklist" title="Template:Category handler/blacklist">Template:Category 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href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Column-width&action=edit" title="Template:Column-width">查看源代码</a>）（模板保护）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Dead_link" title="Template:Dead link">Template:Dead link</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Dead_link&action=edit" title="Template:Dead link">查看源代码</a>）（模板保护）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fix" title="Template:Fix">Template:Fix</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Fix&action=edit" title="Template:Fix">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fix/category" title="Template:Fix/category">Template:Fix/category</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Fix/category&action=edit" title="Template:Fix/category">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:For2" title="Template:For2">Template:For2</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:For2&action=edit" title="Template:For2">编辑</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hatnote" title="Template:Hatnote">Template:Hatnote</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Hatnote&action=edit" title="Template:Hatnote">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:ISO_639_name" title="Template:ISO 639 name">Template:ISO 639 name</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:ISO_639_name&action=edit" title="Template:ISO 639 name">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:ISO_639_name_en" title="Template:ISO 639 name en">Template:ISO 639 name en</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:ISO_639_name_en&action=edit" title="Template:ISO 639 name en">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:If_pagename" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:If pagename">Template:If pagename</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:If_pagename&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:If pagename">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox" title="Template:Infobox">Template:Infobox</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Infobox&action=edit" title="Template:Infobox">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Internal_link_helper/en" title="Template:Internal link helper/en">Template:Internal link helper/en</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Internal_link_helper/en&action=edit" title="Template:Internal link helper/en">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Lang" title="Template:Lang">Template:Lang</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Lang&action=edit" title="Template:Lang">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Lang-en" title="Template:Lang-en">Template:Lang-en</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Lang-en&action=edit" title="Template:Lang-en">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Le" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Le">Template:Le</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Le&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Le">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Namespace_detect" title="Template:Namespace detect">Template:Namespace detect</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Namespace_detect&action=edit" title="Template:Namespace detect">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:NoteTA" title="Template:NoteTA">Template:NoteTA</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:NoteTA&action=edit" title="Template:NoteTA">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Portal" title="Template:Portal">Template:Portal</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Portal&action=edit" title="Template:Portal">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Portal_box" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Portal box">Template:Portal box</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Portal_box&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Portal box">查看源代码</a>）（模板保护）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Reflist" title="Template:Reflist">Template:Reflist</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Reflist&action=edit" title="Template:Reflist">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Str_find" title="Template:Str find">Template:Str find</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Str_find&action=edit" title="Template:Str find">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Str_mid" title="Template:Str mid">Template:Str mid</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Str_mid&action=edit" title="Template:Str mid">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Str_mid/core" title="Template:Str mid/core">Template:Str mid/core</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Str_mid/core&action=edit" title="Template:Str mid/core">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Template_other" title="Template:Template other">Template:Template other</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Template_other&action=edit" title="Template:Template other">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Translink" title="Template:Translink">Template:Translink</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Translink&action=edit" title="Template:Translink">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Trim" title="Template:Trim">Template:Trim</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Trim&action=edit" title="Template:Trim">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Tsl" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Tsl">Template:Tsl</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Tsl&action=edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Tsl">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wayback" title="Template:Wayback">Template:Wayback</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Wayback&action=edit" title="Template:Wayback">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:When_on_basepage" title="Template:When on basepage">Template:When on basepage</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:When_on_basepage&action=edit" title="Template:When on basepage">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:When_pagename_is" title="Template:When pagename is">Template:When pagename is</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:When_pagename_is&action=edit" title="Template:When pagename is">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yesno" title="Template:Yesno">Template:Yesno</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Yesno&action=edit" title="Template:Yesno">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%90%84%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%90%8D" title="Template:各地中文名">Template:各地中文名</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E5%90%84%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%90%8D&action=edit" title="Template:各地中文名">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">半保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%90%84%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%90%8D/infobox" title="Template:各地中文名/infobox">Template:各地中文名/infobox</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:%E5%90%84%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%90%8D/infobox&action=edit" title="Template:各地中文名/infobox">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">半保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Arguments" title="Module:Arguments">Module:Arguments</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Arguments&action=edit" title="Module:Arguments">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:CGroup/IT" title="Module:CGroup/IT">Module:CGroup/IT</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:CGroup/IT&action=edit" title="Module:CGroup/IT">查看源代码</a>）（延伸確認保護）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:CGroup/core" title="Module:CGroup/core">Module:CGroup/core</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:CGroup/core&action=edit" title="Module:CGroup/core">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1" title="Module:Citation/CS1">Module:Citation/CS1</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/COinS" title="Module:Citation/CS1/COinS">Module:Citation/CS1/COinS</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/COinS&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/COinS">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration">Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation">Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Error" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Error">Module:Citation/CS1/Error</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Error&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Error">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers">Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Language" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Language">Module:Citation/CS1/Language</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Language&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Language">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/Links" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Links">Module:Citation/CS1/Links</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Links&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/Links">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" title="Wikipedia:保護方針">全保护</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/Module:Citation/CS1/People" title="Module:Citation/CS1/People">Module:Citation/CS1/People</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/People&action=edit" title="Module:Citation/CS1/People">查看源代码</a>）（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D" 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