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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Prestakuntza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prestakuntza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Prestakuntza</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prestakuntza-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Prestakuntza azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prestakuntza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bilketa_eta_prozesamendua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bilketa_eta_prozesamendua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Bilketa eta prozesamendua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bilketa_eta_prozesamendua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Munduko_ekoizpena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Munduko_ekoizpena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Munduko ekoizpena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Munduko_ekoizpena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ezti_motak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ezti_motak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ezti motak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ezti_motak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konposizioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konposizioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Konposizioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konposizioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prozesua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prozesua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Prozesua</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prozesua-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Prozesua azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prozesua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lehen_prozesua,_erleen_lana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lehen_prozesua,_erleen_lana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Lehen prozesua, erleen lana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lehen_prozesua,_erleen_lana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bigarren_prozesua,_gizakien_laguntza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bigarren_prozesua,_gizakien_laguntza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Bigarren prozesua, gizakien laguntza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bigarren_prozesua,_gizakien_laguntza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erabilerak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erabilerak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Erabilerak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Erabilerak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Erabilerak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Erabilerak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sukaldaritzan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sukaldaritzan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Sukaldaritzan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sukaldaritzan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terapeutikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terapeutikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Terapeutikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terapeutikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mikrobioen_aurkakoa_eta_antiseptikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mikrobioen_aurkakoa_eta_antiseptikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>Mikrobioen aurkakoa eta antiseptikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mikrobioen_aurkakoa_eta_antiseptikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antioxidatzailea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antioxidatzailea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.2</span> <span>Antioxidatzailea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antioxidatzailea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energetikoa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energetikoa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.3</span> <span>Energetikoa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energetikoa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Katarroak,_eztulak,_eztarriko_mina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Katarroak,_eztulak,_eztarriko_mina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.4</span> <span>Katarroak, eztulak, eztarriko mina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Katarroak,_eztulak,_eztarriko_mina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kosmetika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kosmetika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.5</span> <span>Kosmetika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kosmetika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kontserbatzailetzat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kontserbatzailetzat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Kontserbatzailetzat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kontserbatzailetzat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neurriak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neurriak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Neurriak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neurriak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lotutako_produktuak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lotutako_produktuak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Lotutako produktuak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lotutako_produktuak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Produktu_baliokideak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produktu_baliokideak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Produktu baliokideak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Produktu_baliokideak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Eduki-taula" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ezti</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 187 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-187" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">187 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuning" title="Heuning – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Heuning" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honig" title="Honig – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Honig" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%88%AD" title="ማር – amharera" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miel" title="Miel – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Miel" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunig" title="Hunig – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hunig" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%84" title="عسل – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عسل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%95%DC%92%DC%AB%DC%90" title="ܕܒܫܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܕܒܫܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%84" title="عسل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عسل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miel" title="Miel – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Miel" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misk%27i" title="Misk'i – aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Misk'i" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal" title="Bal – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bal" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84" title="بال – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بال" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Бал – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бал" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madu" title="Madu – baliera" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Madu" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="baliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heng" title="Heng – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Heng" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medos" title="Medos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Medos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangguli" title="Tangguli – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tangguli" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%91%D0%B4" title="Мёд – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мёд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%91%D0%B4" title="Мёд – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мёд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Пчелен мед – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пчелен мед" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81" title="मधु – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मधु" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81" title="মধু – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মধু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel" title="Mel – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mel" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med" title="Med – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Med" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Бал – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Бал" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel" title="Mel – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Моз – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Моз" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%A9%E1%8F%9A%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%8F" title="ᏩᏚᎵᏏ – txerokiera" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏩᏚᎵᏏ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="txerokiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1hnom%C3%A1pano%27%C3%AAhas%C3%AB%C3%B6" title="Háhnomápano'êhasëö – txeieneera" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Háhnomápano'êhasëö" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="txeieneera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ھەنگوین – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەنگوین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meli" title="Meli – korsikera" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Meli" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med" title="Med – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Med" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Пыл – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пыл" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AAl" title="Mêl – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mêl" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honning" title="Honning – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Honning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiri" title="Shiri – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Shiri" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honig" title="Honig – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Honig" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B9" title="Μέλι – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μέλι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey" title="Honey – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Honey" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mielo" title="Mielo – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mielo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miel" title="Miel – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Miel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesi" title="Mesi – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mesi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miel" title="Miel – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Miel" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%84" title="عسل – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عسل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunaja" title="Hunaja – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hunaja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miel" title="Miel – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Miel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6nang" title="Hönang – iparraldeko frisiera" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hönang" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AEl" title="Mîl – friulera" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Mîl" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huning" title="Huning – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Huning" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil" title="Mil – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil" title="Mil – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mil" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel" title="Mel – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eirete" title="Eirete – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Eirete" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B5" title="म्होंव – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="म्होंव" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seero" title="Seero – Frafra" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Seero" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Frafra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Farefare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuma" title="Zuma – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Zuma" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%BBng-th%C3%B2ng" title="Phûng-thòng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Phûng-thòng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A9" title="דבש – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דבש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81" title="मधु – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मधु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madh" title="Madh – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Madh" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med" title="Med – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Med" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siwo" title="Siwo – Haitiko kreolera" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Siwo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiko kreolera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9z" title="Méz – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Méz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%B2%D6%80" title="Մեղր – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեղր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%B2%D6%80" title="Մեղր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մեղր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melle" title="Melle – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Melle" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madu" title="Madu – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Madu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diro" title="Diro – ilocanoera" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Diro" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7" title="Модз – ingushera" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Модз" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingushera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mielo" title="Mielo – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mielo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunang" title="Hunang – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hunang" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miele" title="Miele – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Miele" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%82%E8%9C%9C" title="蜂蜜 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="蜂蜜" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madu" title="Madu – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Madu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="თაფლი – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თაფლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamment" title="Tamment – kabiliera" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tamment" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabiliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tong" title="Tong – tyapa" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Tong" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyapa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modu" title="Modu – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Modu" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Ара балы – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ара балы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%81" title="ಜೇನು – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೇನು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuri_K%C7%9Dman" title="Kuri Kǝman – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Kuri Kǝman" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%8C%EA%BF%80" title="벌꿀 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="벌꿀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%86%DA%BE" title="ماچھ – kaxmirera" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ماچھ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kaxmirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hingiv" title="Hingiv – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hingiv" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel" title="Mel – kornubiera" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Mel" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornubiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Бал – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бал" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel" title="Mel – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mel" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/My%C3%A9l" title="Myél – ladinoa" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Myél" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladinoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunneg" title="Hunneg – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hunneg" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82" title="Вирт – lezginera" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Вирт" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezginera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miel" title="Miel – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Miel" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%AA" title="Amê – liguriera" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Amê" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel" title="Mel – lombardiera" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mel" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maf%C3%BAta_ma_nz%C3%B3i" title="Mafúta ma nzói – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mafúta ma nzói" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medus" title="Medus – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Medus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medus" title="Medus – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Medus" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madu" title="Madu – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Madu" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Медсь – mokxera" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Медсь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantely" title="Tantely – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tantely" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%B1%D0%B9" title="Мӱй – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мӱй" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madu" title="Madu – minangkabauera" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Madu" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabauera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мед – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мед" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BB" title="തേൻ – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തേൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D3%A9%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Зөгийн бал – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зөгийн бал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siido" title="Siido – mossiera" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="Siido" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="mossiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Moore</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7" title="मध – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मध" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%B1" title="Мӱ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Мӱ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madu" title="Madu – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Madu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA" title="ပျားရည် – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပျားရည်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Поназ – erziera" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Поназ" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necuhtli" title="Necuhtli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Necuhtli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8le_(magn%C3%A0)" title="Mèle (magnà) – napoliera" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Mèle (magnà)" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honnig" title="Honnig – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Honnig" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoening" title="Hoening – behe-saxoiera" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Hoening" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="behe-saxoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9" title="मह – nepalera" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मह" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="कस्ति – newarera" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कस्ति" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honing" title="Honing – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Honing" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honning" title="Honning – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Honning" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honning" title="Honning – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Honning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%A9" title="Mié – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Mié" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%ADs%CA%BCn%C3%A1_bit%C5%82%CA%BCizh" title="Tsísʼná bitłʼizh – navajoera" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsísʼná bitłʼizh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8l" title="Mèl – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mèl" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezi" title="Mezi – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Mezi" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%B9%E0%AD%81" title="ମହୁ – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମହୁ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D0%B4" title="Мыд – osetiera" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мыд" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A6" title="ਸ਼ਹਿਦ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ਹਿਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%B3d" title="Miód – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Miód" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amel" title="Amel – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Amel" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="ماکھی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ماکھی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="شات – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="شات" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel" title="Mel – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lachiwa_misk%27i" title="Lachiwa misk'i – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Lachiwa misk'i" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuki" title="Ubuki – rundiera" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Ubuki" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="rundiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miere" title="Miere – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Miere" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91iari" title="Ñiari – aromaniera" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Ñiari" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мед – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Мед" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%91%D0%B4" title="Мёд – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мёд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мед – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Мед" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuki" title="Ubuki – kinyaruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubuki" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyaruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81_(%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%83)" title="मधु (आहारपदार्थः) – sanskritoa" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मधु (आहारपदार्थः)" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskritoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%AF%D3%A9%D1%82" title="Мүөт – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Мүөт" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meli" title="Meli – sardiniera" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Meli" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meli" title="Meli – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Meli" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinnie" title="Hinnie – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hinnie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%8A" title="ماکي – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ماکي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med" title="Med – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Med" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%92" title="මී පැණි – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මී පැණි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honey" title="Honey – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Honey" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med" title="Med – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Med" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="ماکھی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ماکھی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med" title="Med – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Med" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huchi" title="Huchi – shonera" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Huchi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malab" title="Malab – somaliera" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Malab" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mjalti" title="Mjalti – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mjalti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мед – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мед" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huunich" title="Huunich – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Huunich" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madu" title="Madu – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Madu" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honung" title="Honung – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Honung" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asali" title="Asali – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Asali" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="தேன் – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தேன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8A/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97" title="ಚೀಯೊ/ತಿಗ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಚೀಯೊ/ತಿಗ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86" title="తేనె – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తేనె" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Асал – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Асал" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B6%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87" title="น้ำผึ้ง – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="น้ำผึ้ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ary_baly" title="Ary baly – turkmenera" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ary baly" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulot-pukyutan" title="Pulot-pukyutan – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pulot-pukyutan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angivin" title="Angivin – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Angivin" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bal" title="Bal – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bal" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Бал – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бал" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%84" title="ھەسەل – uigurrera" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ھەسەل" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurrera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мед – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мед" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%AF" title="شہد – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شہد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asal" title="Asal – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Asal" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezi" title="Mezi – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mezi" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%ADt_ong" title="Mật ong – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mật ong" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%AAem" title="Zêem – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Zêem" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miel" title="Miel – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Miel" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A5me_(amagn%C3%AE)" title="Låme (amagnî) – valoniera" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Låme (amagnî)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugos" title="Dugos – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dugos" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%82%E8%9C%9C" title="蜂蜜 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蜂蜜" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="თოფური – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თოფური" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%92" title="האניג – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="האניג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangzrwi" title="Dangzrwi – zhuangera" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dangzrwi" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuangera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%82%E8%9C%9C" title="蜂蜜 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蜂蜜" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%82%E8%9C%9C" title="蜂蜜 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="蜂蜜" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phang-bi%CC%8Dt" title="Phang-bi̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Phang-bi̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%9C%E7%B3%96" title="蜜糖 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="蜜糖" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/30px-Wikipedia-1000.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/40px-Wikipedia-1000.png 2x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background:#e0e4e5;">Eztia</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Runny_hunny.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Runny_hunny.jpg/250px-Runny_hunny.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="379" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Runny_hunny.jpg/375px-Runny_hunny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Runny_hunny.jpg/500px-Runny_hunny.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1780" data-file-height="2700" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Eztia</b> gai <a href="/wiki/Biskositate" title="Biskositate">likatsu</a> eta oso <a href="/wiki/Gozo_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Gozo (argipena)">gozoa</a> da, eta <a href="/wiki/Apis_(generoa)" title="Apis (generoa)"><i>Apis</i> generoko</a> <a href="/wiki/Erle" title="Erle">erleek</a> ekoizten dute (batez ere <a href="/wiki/Erle_arrunt" title="Erle arrunt">etxeko erlea</a>) <a href="/wiki/Lore" title="Lore">loreen</a> <a href="/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar">nektarretik</a> edo landareen zati bizien jariakinetatik edo landareetako <a href="/wiki/Intsektu" title="Intsektu">intsektu</a> xurgatzaileen iraizpenetatik abiatuta (<a href="/wiki/Aphidoidea" title="Aphidoidea">afidoak</a>). Substantzia horiek erleek egin, eta <a href="/wiki/Abaraska" title="Abaraska">abarasketan</a> biltzen dute. Erleek <a href="/wiki/Lore" title="Lore">loreetako</a> <a href="/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar">nektarrarekin</a> egiten dute eztia. Nektarrari ura kenduz eta <a href="/wiki/Sakarosa" title="Sakarosa">sakarosa</a> hidrolizatuz ateratzen da; ura, <a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">glukosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fruktosa" title="Fruktosa">fruktosa</a>, sakarosa eta <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">polen</a> hondarrak dira osagai nagusiak. Landare motaren arabera, ezti kolore eta ahogozo ezberdinak bereizten dira. Europako eztia hori kolorekoa izaten da orokorrean, baina zurixkak, berdexkak edo hori ilunak ere badaude. Elikagai gisa eta sendagintzan erabiltzen da batez ere.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Soares2017_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soares2017-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Miguel2017_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miguel2017-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Samarghandian2017_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samarghandian2017-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ajibola2015_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ajibola2015-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Erleen zaintza eta ezti bilketari <a href="/wiki/Erlezaintza" title="Erlezaintza">erlezaintza</a> deritzo<sup id="cite_ref-Pasupuleti2017_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pasupuleti2017-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Eztia duela milaka urtetik erabiltzen da mundu osoan, <a href="/wiki/Edabe" title="Edabe">edabe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elikagai" title="Elikagai">elikagai</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Sendagai" title="Sendagai">sendagai</a> zapore-emaile gisa. Osaera aldakorra du, hala ere, beren funtsezko osagaiak <a href="/wiki/Monosakarido" title="Monosakarido">monosakaridoen</a> formako <a href="/wiki/Karbono_hidrato" title="Karbono hidrato">karbohidratoak</a> dira, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Fruktosa" title="Fruktosa">fruktosa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">glukosa</a>, baita <a href="/wiki/Disakarido" title="Disakarido">disakaridoak</a> ere, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Maltosa" title="Maltosa">maltosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isomaltosa" title="Isomaltosa">isomaltosa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maltulosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maltulosa (sortu gabe)">maltulosa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sukrosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sukrosa (sortu gabe)">sukrosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turanosa" title="Turanosa">turanosa</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nigerosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nigerosa (sortu gabe)">nigerosa</a>. Osagai horiek dira eztiaren gozotasun biziaren eragileak. Gainera, <a href="/wiki/Oligosakarido" title="Oligosakarido">oligosakaridoak</a> ditu, hala nola <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panosa (sortu gabe)">panosa</a>; <a href="/wiki/Entzima" title="Entzima">entzimak</a>, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Amilasa" title="Amilasa">amilasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peroxidasa" title="Peroxidasa">peroxido oxidasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katalasa" title="Katalasa">katalasa</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosforilasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosforilasa (sortu gabe)">fosforilasa</a> azidoa; baditu ere <a href="/wiki/Aminoazido" title="Aminoazido">aminoazidoak</a>, <a href="/wiki/B_taldearen_bitaminak" title="B taldearen bitaminak">B</a>, <a href="/wiki/C_bitamina" title="C bitamina">C bitamina</a> batzuk, <a href="/wiki/B3_bitamina" title="B3 bitamina">niazina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azido_foliko" title="Azido foliko">azido folikoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burdina" title="Burdina">burdina</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Zink" title="Zink">zinka</a> gisako <a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrizioa)" title="Mineral (nutrizioa)">mineralak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Antioxidatzaile" title="Antioxidatzaile">antioxidatzaileak</a><sup id="cite_ref-Meo2017_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meo2017-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Al-Waili2012_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Al-Waili2012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Eztiaren batez besteko produkzioa, munduan, 1.200.000 tona ingurukoa da. Herrialde ekoizle nagusiak dira: <a href="/wiki/Txinako_Herri_Errepublika" title="Txinako Herri Errepublika">Txina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexiko" title="Mexiko">Mexiko</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">AEB</a>. Mundu mailako inportatzaile nagusiak <a href="/wiki/Europar_Batasuna" title="Europar Batasuna">Europar Batasuna</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Estatu Batuak</a> dira<sup id="cite_ref-Meo2017_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meo2017-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prestakuntza">Prestakuntza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Prestakuntza»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Prestakuntza"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Bee_on_-calyx_935.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Bee_on_-calyx_935.jpg/220px-Bee_on_-calyx_935.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Bee_on_-calyx_935.jpg/330px-Bee_on_-calyx_935.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Bee_on_-calyx_935.jpg/440px-Bee_on_-calyx_935.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Apis_(generoa)" title="Apis (generoa)">Erle</a> bat <i><a href="/wiki/Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">Asteraceaeren</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Sepalo" title="Sepalo">sepalo</a> batean bere <a href="/wiki/Proboszide" title="Proboszide">proboszia</a> luzatuarekin.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ezti ohikoena erleena bada ere, badira eztia sortzen duten beste animalia batzuk, hala nola zenbait <a href="/wiki/Liztor" title="Liztor">liztor</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Inurri" title="Inurri">inurri</a> mota ezberdinak<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Erleek <a href="/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar">nektarra</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ezti-ihintz" title="Ezti-ihintz">ihintza</a> biltzen dituzte azukre-iturri gisa. Azukre horiek elikagaien bilaketan <a href="/wiki/Metabolismo" title="Metabolismo">metabolismoa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Muskulu-distrofia" title="Muskulu-distrofia">giharren</a> jarduera indartzeko kontsumitzen, edo epe luzerako hornigai gisa biltegiratzen dituzte<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8901631_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8901631-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NHB_Bee_facts_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHB_Bee_facts-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Erleek bildutako nektarraren zati bat erabiltzen dute, berrahoratze- eta digestio-prozesuen bidez, hegaldian erabilitako giharren jarduerari eusteko<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8901631_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8901631-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cd_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cd-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Klima hotzetan edo beste elikagai-iturri batzuen eskasia dagoenean, erle helduek zein larbek biltegiratutako eztia jaten dute<sup id="cite_ref-NHB_Bee_facts_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHB_Bee_facts-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Erlauntza artifizialen sorrerari esker, gizakiak erdi etxekotu ditu <a href="/wiki/Apis_(generoa)" title="Apis (generoa)">erle meliferoak</a>, eta, horrela, gehiegizko eztia bildu ahal izan du. <a href="/wiki/Erlauntz" title="Erlauntz">Erlauntzaren</a> barruan edo habia basati batean, hiru erle mota daude: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Erlama" title="Erlama">Erlama</a> den erle bakar bat.</li> <li>Urtaroaren arabera, <a href="/wiki/Erlamando" title="Erlamando">erlamando</a> izeneko arren zenbaki aldagarri bat, zeinen helburu bakarra erlama berriak ongarriztatzea den.</li> <li>Hogei mila eta berrogei mila arteko <a href="/wiki/Erle_langile" title="Erle langile">erle langile</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bilketa_eta_prozesamendua">Bilketa eta prozesamendua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Bilketa eta prozesamendua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Bilketa eta prozesamendua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Honey_comb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Honey_comb.jpg/220px-Honey_comb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Honey_comb.jpg/330px-Honey_comb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Honey_comb.jpg/440px-Honey_comb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abaraska" title="Abaraska">Abaraska</a> argizarizko gelaxka prisma hexagonalak erakutsiz, non erleek eztia gordetzen duten.</figcaption></figure> <p>Erlauntzetik ateratzean, erleek loreetatik nektarra biltzen dute, eta nektar hori azukre ugarikoa da. Beren <a href="/wiki/Proboszide" title="Proboszide">proboszidetik</a> xurgatu, eta beren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Probentrikulu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Probentrikulu (sortu gabe)">probentrikuluan</a> gordetzen dute bizkar gainean, bere elikadura-urdailaren gainean. <i><a href="/wiki/Erle_arrunt" title="Erle arrunt">Apis mellifera</a></i> erleen kasuan, ezti-urdailak 40 mg nektar inguru izan ditzake, erleak deskargatutako pisuaren % 50, gutxi gorabehera. Sabela eztiz betetzeko, mila lore baino gehiago eta ordubetetik gorako uzta behar izan dezakete. Nektarrak % 70-80ko ur-edukia izan ohi du<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Nektarra bildu ahala, erleek listu-entzimak eta hipofaringe-guruineko proteinak gehitzen dituzte; azukreak deskonposatzen hasten dira, eta ur-edukia pixka bat handitzen da. </p><p>Ondoren, erle biltzaileak erlauntzera itzultzen dira, eta han nektarra berrahoratzen dute, eta erlauntzeko erle langileei transferitzen diete. Azken horiek ezti-urdailak erabiltzen dituzte nektarra behin eta berriz irensteko eta berrahoratzeko, eta burbuilak eratzen dituzte <a href="/wiki/Masailezur" title="Masailezur">masailezurren</a> artean. Prozesu horrek nektarraren digestio partzialari laguntzen dio. Burbuilek bolumenarekiko azalera handitzen dute, eta uraren zati bat lurrundu egiten da<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8901631_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8901631-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cd_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cd-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Erleen digestio-entzimek sakarosa <a href="/wiki/Hidrolisi" title="Hidrolisi">hidrolizatzen</a> dute, glukosa eta fruktosa nahastuz, eta almidoiak eta proteinak ere deskonposatzen dituzte, azidotasuna areagotuz<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8901631_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8901631-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cd_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cd-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Erleek elkarrekin egiten dute lan, talde gisa, 20 minutuz gutxi gorabehera, nektarra berrahoratzen eta digeritzen, erle batetik bestera pasatuz, azkenean abarasketara iristen den arte bertan gordetzeko<sup id="cite_ref-cd_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cd-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Nektarra abaraskako gelaxketan jartzen da zigilatu gabe, oraindik ur asko baitu (% 50 eta % 70 artean, gutxi gorabehera), baita legamia naturalak ere, zeinek, kontrolatu ezean, sortzen ari den eztiaren azukreak hartzi lezakete<sup id="cite_ref-NHB_Bee_facts_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHB_Bee_facts-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Erleak gorputzeko bero handia sortzeko gai diren intsektu bakanetakoak dira. Erlauntzaren barruan, etengabe erregulatzen dute tenperatura, dela beren gorputzekin berotuz, dela ura lurrunduz hoztuz, eztiaren biltegiratze-tenperatura 35 °C inguruan mantentzeko. Prozesu horretan, erle langileek etengabe hegaz egiten dute airea zirkulatzeko eta eztiaren ura lurruntzen laguntzeko, ur-edukia % 18 ingurura murriztuz. Horrek handitu egiten du azukrearen kontzentrazioa saturazio puntutik harago, eta hartzidura saihesten du. Gero, erleek <a href="/wiki/Argizari" title="Argizari">argizariz</a> zigilatzen dituzte gelaxkak. Erlezain batek erlauntzetik eztia ateratzen duenean, balio-bizitza luzea du, eta ez da hartzituko behar bezala zigilatzen bada<sup id="cite_ref-NHB_Bee_facts_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NHB_Bee_facts-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Munduko_ekoizpena">Munduko ekoizpena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Munduko ekoizpena»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Munduko ekoizpena"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="clear:left"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Ezti-ekoizle nagusiak <br /> (Tonatan) 2020an<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Txinako_Herri_Errepublika" title="Txinako Herri Errepublika"><img alt="Txinako Herri Errepublika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Txinako_Herri_Errepublika" title="Txinako Herri Errepublika">Txina</a></td> <td align="right">446.900 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia"><img alt="Turkia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkia</a></td> <td align="right">114.113 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></td> <td align="right">79.468 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td> <td align="right">77.567 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina"><img alt="Ukraina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a></td> <td align="right">71.279 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak"><img alt="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">AEB</a></td> <td align="right">69.104 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/22px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/33px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/44px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td align="right">67.442 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia"><img alt="Errusia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia">Errusia</a></td> <td align="right">65.006 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mexiko" title="Mexiko"><img alt="Mexiko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/33px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/44px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mexiko" title="Mexiko">Mexiko</a></td> <td align="right">64.253 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia"><img alt="Etiopia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Etiopia" title="Etiopia">Etiopia</a></td> <td align="right">50.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil"><img alt="Brasil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a></td> <td align="right">42.346 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Beste herrialde batzuk</td> <td align="right">704.063 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Munduan, denera</b></td> <td align="right"><b>1.851.541</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Betidanik erabili izan dugu eztia, gizakiak eztiaren balioaz berehala ohartu baitziren. Erleek behar dutena baino ezti gehiago sortzen dute, eta gizakiak (beste animalia askok bezala) erlauntzetatik eztia «lapurtu» ohi du. <a href="/wiki/Harri_Aroa" title="Harri Aroa">Harri Aroan</a> egindako zenbait margolanetan, pertsona baten irudia ikus daiteke eztia biltzen, esate baterako <a href="/wiki/Valentzia" title="Valentzia">Valentziako</a> <a href="/wiki/Armiarmaren_haitzuloak" title="Armiarmaren haitzuloak">Armiarmaren haitzuloetan</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Cueva_arana.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Cueva_arana.svg/220px-Cueva_arana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="387" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Cueva_arana.svg/330px-Cueva_arana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Cueva_arana.svg/440px-Cueva_arana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Valentziako <a href="/wiki/Bicorp" title="Bicorp">Bicorp</a> herrian, <a href="/wiki/Armiarmaren_haitzuloak" title="Armiarmaren haitzuloak">Armiarmaren haitzuloetan</a>, ezti bilketaren irudia (eskematizazioa).</figcaption></figure> <p>Gerora, gizakia erleak etxekotzen ahalegindu zen. Horretarako, haien abaraskak eraikitzeko egokiak ziren ontziak prestatu zituzten. Aztarnen arabera, K.a. 9000. urte aldera gertatu zen hori. </p><p>Produktuaren ezaugarriak eta lortzeko metodoa zirela eta, balio sakratu edo sinboliko handia eman zioten aitzinako herri askok. <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_Egipto" title="Antzinako Egipto">Egiptoarrek</a> eztia <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a> jainkoaren malkoetatik erortzen zela uste zuten; beraz, kontserbagarri moduan erabiltzen zuten. Eztia produktu preziatua zen antzinako egiptoarrentzat, <a href="/wiki/Tutankamon" title="Tutankamon">Tutankamon</a> <a href="/wiki/Faraoi" title="Faraoi">faraoiaren</a> <a href="/wiki/Hilobi" title="Hilobi">hilobian</a> ere ezti ontziak aurkitu baitira. <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_Grezia" title="Antzinako Grezia">Greziarrek</a>, berriz, <a href="/wiki/Olinpo" title="Olinpo">Olinpoko</a> jainkoen elikagaia zela uste zuten. Hori dela eta, atletei, Jokuetan parte hartu aurretik, eztiz egindako jakiak ematen zizkieten. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mendebaldeko_Europa" title="Mendebaldeko Europa">Mendebaldeko Europan</a>, antzina, eta horren barruan <a href="/wiki/Euskal_Herria" title="Euskal Herria">Euskal Herrian</a> ere, <a href="/wiki/Edulkoratzaile" title="Edulkoratzaile">gozagarri</a> nagusia eztia izan zen. <a href="/wiki/Alexandro_Handia" title="Alexandro Handia">Alexandro Handiaren</a> almirante batek ordezkoa <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> ezagutu zuela esan ohi da: «Bada <a href="/wiki/Kanabera_(landarea)" title="Kanabera (landarea)">kanabera</a> mota bat eztia erlerik gabe sortzen duena» idatzi zuen<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ezti_motak">Ezti motak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ezti motak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Ezti motak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Abejas_(5074272640).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Abejas_%285074272640%29.jpg/220px-Abejas_%285074272640%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Abejas_%285074272640%29.jpg/330px-Abejas_%285074272640%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Abejas_%285074272640%29.jpg/440px-Abejas_%285074272640%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="691" /></a><figcaption>Erlea eukalipto landaretik nektarra hartzen.</figcaption></figure> <p>Erleek erabiltzen duten landare motaren arabera, ezti mota ugari dago, eta erabat alda daiteke zaporea. Beraz, gizakiek erleen <a href="/wiki/Erlauntz" title="Erlauntz">erlauntzetik</a> hurbil jartzen dute nahi duten lorea. Zortzi ezti mota ezberdin dira garrantzitsuenak: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laranja-lore" title="Laranja-lore">Laranja lorearen</a> eztia: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anbar_kolore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anbar kolore (sortu gabe)">anbar kolore</a> argia dauka, usain handikoa eta zapore leunekoa. <a href="/wiki/Limoiondo" title="Limoiondo">Limoien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laranjondo" title="Laranjondo">laranjen</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Mandarinondo" title="Mandarinondo">mandarinen</a> <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">polenetik</a> dator. Lo egiteko lagungarria da.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erromero" title="Erromero">Erromero</a> eztia: anbar kolore oso argia dauka. <a href="/wiki/Hipertentsio" title="Hipertentsio">Hipertentsioa</a> duten pertsonentzat ez da gomendagarria.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eukalipto" title="Eukalipto">Eukalipto</a> eztia: <a href="/wiki/Okre" title="Okre">okre koloreduna</a>, eta <a href="/wiki/Zur" title="Zur">egur</a> zaporeduna. <a href="/wiki/Antiseptiko" title="Antiseptiko">Antiseptikoa</a> denez, <a href="/wiki/Birika" title="Birika">biriketarako</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Hotzeri" title="Hotzeri">katarroetarako</a> gomendatzen da.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezkai" title="Ezkai">Ezkai</a> eztia: <a href="/wiki/Gorri" title="Gorri">gorri koloreduna</a>, eta zapore ona daukan eztia da. <a href="/wiki/Presio_arterial" class="mw-redirect" title="Presio arterial">Tentsioa</a> erregulatzeko, <a href="/wiki/Asma" title="Asma">asmarentzat</a> eta eztularentzat gomendatzen da.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izpiliku_min" title="Izpiliku min">Izpiliku</a> eztia: zapore berezia daukan eztia da. <a href="/wiki/Intsektu" title="Intsektu">Intsektuen</a> <a href="/wiki/Ziztada" title="Ziztada">ziztaden</a> kasuetan gomendatzen da, eta ezti mota hori <a href="/wiki/Gripe" title="Gripe">gripea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronkitis" title="Bronkitis">bronkitisa</a> baita hotza saihesteko ere erabil daiteke. Lasaigarri moduan, <a href="/wiki/Agresibitate" title="Agresibitate">agresibitatearentzat</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Estres" title="Estres">estresarentzat</a> gomendatzen da.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezki" title="Ezki">Ezki</a> eztia: oso azkar gogortzen da. <a href="/wiki/Bronkitis" title="Bronkitis">Bronkitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gripe" title="Gripe">gripe</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Hotzeri" title="Hotzeri">hotzeriarentzako</a> gomendatzen da.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirusta" title="Hirusta">Hirusta</a> eztia: kolore horia dauka, eta, nekearentzat, oso egokia da.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argi-belar" title="Argi-belar">Alpapa</a> eztia: hirusta eztiaren antzeko propietateak ditu.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konposizioa">Konposizioa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Konposizioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Konposizioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="taulapolita"> <tbody><tr> <th>osagaia</th> <th>maila</th> <th>ohiko edukia </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ur" title="Ur">ura</a></td> <td>% 14-22</td> <td>% 17 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fruktosa" title="Fruktosa">fruktosa</a></td> <td>% 28-44</td> <td>% 38 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">glukosa</a></td> <td>% 22-40</td> <td>% 31 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sakarosa" title="Sakarosa">sakarosa</a></td> <td>% 0,2-7</td> <td>% 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maltosa" title="Maltosa">maltosa</a></td> <td>% 2-16</td> <td>% 7,5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>beste <a href="/wiki/Azukre" title="Azukre">azukreak</a></td> <td>% 0,1-8</td> <td>% 5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Proteina" title="Proteina">proteinak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Aminoazido" title="Aminoazido">aminoazidok</a></td> <td>% 0,2-2</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bitamina" title="Bitamina">bitaminak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Entzima" title="Entzima">entzimak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hormona" title="Hormona">hormonak</a><br />azido organikok eta bestelakoak</td> <td>% 0,5-1</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrizioa)" title="Mineral (nutrizioa)">mineralak</a></td> <td>% 0,5-1,5</td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>errautsak</td> <td>% 0,2-1,0</td> <td>  </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Hezetasun falta funtsezko baldintza da eztia kontserbatzeko. Hezetasun-ehunekoa % 18tik beherakoa den bitartean, ezin izango da ezer hazi eztian. Balio horren gainetik hartzidura-prozesuak ager daitezke. </p><p>Eztiaren mineral-edukia oso apala da. Ohikoenak dira: <a href="/wiki/Kaltzio" title="Kaltzio">kaltzioa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kobre" title="Kobre">kobrea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burdina" title="Burdina">burdina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnesio" title="Magnesio">magnesioa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manganeso" title="Manganeso">manganesoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zink" title="Zink">zinka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fosforo" title="Fosforo">fosforoa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Potasio" title="Potasio">potasioa</a>. Dauden <a href="/wiki/Aminoazido" title="Aminoazido">aminoazidoen</a> erdia inguru daude, azido organikoen (azido azetikoa, azido zitrikoa, besteak beste) eta B multzoko, C, D eta E bitaminak. Eztiak baditu <a href="/wiki/Antioxidatzaile" title="Antioxidatzaile">antioxidatzaile</a> ugari ere (<a href="/wiki/Flabonoide" title="Flabonoide">flabonoideak</a> eta fenolikoak). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prozesua">Prozesua</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Prozesua»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Prozesua"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lehen_prozesua,_erleen_lana"><span id="Lehen_prozesua.2C_erleen_lana"></span>Lehen prozesua, erleen lana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Lehen prozesua, erleen lana»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Lehen prozesua, erleen lana"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:European_honey_bee_extracts_nectar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/European_honey_bee_extracts_nectar.jpg/221px-European_honey_bee_extracts_nectar.jpg" decoding="async" width="221" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/European_honey_bee_extracts_nectar.jpg/332px-European_honey_bee_extracts_nectar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/European_honey_bee_extracts_nectar.jpg/442px-European_honey_bee_extracts_nectar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Erlea, loretik nektarra hartzen.</figcaption></figure> <p>Erleak udaberritik aurrera hasten dira eztia egiten. Erleak, egunez, <a href="/wiki/Lore" title="Lore">loreetara</a> joaten dira, eta haien <a href="/wiki/Mingaina" class="mw-redirect" title="Mingaina">mingainekin</a> loreen <a href="/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar">nektarra</a> zurrupatzen dute. Jarraian, <a href="/wiki/Erlauntz" title="Erlauntz">erlauntzera</a> bueltatzen dira, eta, bertan, nektarra erle-langileei pasatzen diete; horiek <a href="/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar">nektarra</a> ezti bihurtuko dute. Bitartean, erleak nektar gehiagoren bila joaten dira. </p><p>Nektarrak egun batzuk behar ditu ezti bihurtzeko, eta iraupena aldakorra da faktore batzuk direla eta (tenperatura, hezetasuna...). Bitartean, erle gazteek nektarraren aldaketan parte hartzen dute dituzten <a href="/wiki/Entzima" title="Entzima">entzimekin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Urdail" title="Urdail">urdailean</a> dituzten entzimak nektarraren azukrea zenbait azukre bakunetan zatitzen dute inbertsio deritzon prozesu baten bidez. Gauean, erle mota guztiek nektarra ezti bihurtzeko aldaketan parte hartzen dute. </p><p>Aldaketa ematen den bitartean, nektarra ezti-orrazetan kokatzen dute hezetasuna galtzeko. Erleek, eztia sortutakoan, ezti-orrazetan bildu, eta <a href="/wiki/Argizari" title="Argizari">argizari</a> geruza batekin estaltzen dute. Hasieran, erlezainek haien kaxa bete arte uzten dituzte. Hori betetakoan, «altza»k (beste kaxa gehigarri batzuk) jartzen dizkiote gainean, eta horiek bete ahala hasten dira eztia jasotzen. </p><p>Bukatzeko, erlauntzan egiten duen beroak nektarraren hezetasuna lurruntzea eragiten du; ondorioz, sortzen den eztiak % 18 ur izaten du. </p><p>Denboraldi ona bada, erlauntza bakoitzak «altza» bat baino gehiago ere betetzen du. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bigarren_prozesua,_gizakien_laguntza"><span id="Bigarren_prozesua.2C_gizakien_laguntza"></span>Bigarren prozesua, gizakien laguntza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Bigarren prozesua, gizakien laguntza»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Bigarren prozesua, gizakien laguntza"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Abejas_Mel%C3%ADferas..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Erleak argizari geruza eztiari ematen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Abejas_Mel%C3%ADferas..jpg/250px-Abejas_Mel%C3%ADferas..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Abejas_Mel%C3%ADferas..jpg/330px-Abejas_Mel%C3%ADferas..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Abejas_Mel%C3%ADferas..jpg 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="299" /></a><figcaption>Erleak argizari geruza ezartzen.</figcaption></figure> <p>Udazkenarekin batera hasten da erlauntzetik eztia ateratzeko garaia. </p><p>Ezti-orrazeak, kaxak beteta daudenean, argizarizko geruza batez estalita daudenean, erlezainak badaki eztia ateratzeko prest dagoela. Erleei beti uzten zaie azpiko kaxa neguko erreserba moduan. Erleek, beste jatekorik ez dutenean, eztia jaten dute, eta haiei dagokiena ez da ukitu behar. Goiko ezti-orrazea, erlauntzetik ateratzen dute; behekoa, aldiz, erleentzat uzten dute. Jarraian, laban berezi batekin, argizaria kentzen dute operkuluen tapakia moztuz. Zentrifugazio prozesu baten bitartez, ezti-orrazea hustu egiten da garbi utziz, erleek berriro erabiltzeko. Eztia biltzean, iragazi egiten da, eta, ondoren, pausatzen uzten dute eztia ontziratu baino lehen probatzeko eta ezpurutasunak kentzeko. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erabilerak">Erabilerak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erabilerak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Erabilerak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Honey_comb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Honey_comb.jpg/220px-Honey_comb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Honey_comb.jpg/330px-Honey_comb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Honey_comb.jpg/440px-Honey_comb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Abaraska baten gelaxka hexagonalen xehetasuna</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sukaldaritzan">Sukaldaritzan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Sukaldaritzan»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Sukaldaritzan"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eztia batez ere <a href="/wiki/Gastronomia" title="Gastronomia">gastronomian</a> erabiltzen da, <a href="/wiki/Errezeta" title="Errezeta">errezeta</a> gozo zein gazietan; ohikoa da <a href="/wiki/Ogi" title="Ogi">ogia</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Ogi_birrindu" title="Ogi birrindu">ogi txigortua</a> laguntzeko (<a href="/wiki/Gosari" title="Gosari">gosarietan</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Askari" title="Askari">askarietan</a>) eta hainbat <a href="/wiki/Edari" title="Edari">edariren</a> gozagarri gisa. <a href="/wiki/Fruktosa" title="Fruktosa">Fruktosa</a> gisako <a href="/wiki/Azukre" title="Azukre">azukretan</a> aberatsa denez, eztia <a href="/wiki/Higroskopikotasun" title="Higroskopikotasun">higroskopikoa</a> da (hezetasuna xurgatzen du airetik); beraz, ogiei eta <a href="/wiki/Pastel_(argipena)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pastel (argipena)">pastelei</a> kantitate txiki bat gehitzean, mantsoago gogortzen dira. Eztia da <a href="/wiki/Ezti-ur" title="Ezti-ur">ezti-uraren</a> osagai nagusia, eztitik eta uretik sortzen dena. «Ezti-ardoa» ere deritzo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terapeutikoa">Terapeutikoa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Terapeutikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Terapeutikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Honey_pots_(Spain).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Honey_pots_%28Spain%29.jpg/220px-Honey_pots_%28Spain%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Honey_pots_%28Spain%29.jpg/330px-Honey_pots_%28Spain%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Honey_pots_%28Spain%29.jpg/440px-Honey_pots_%28Spain%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="280" /></a><figcaption> Eztia gordetzeko, garraiatzeko edo zerbitzatzeko ontziak. Ezkerrean, beirarik gabeko buztingintza, bi heldulekurekin, eta, eskuinean, zeramika beiraztatua eta apaindua, heldulekurik gabe. Biak estalkiaz. Beste izen batzuk: ezti-ontzia, (parroi) (Aragoi), ezti-orza. Zeramika Museo Nazionaleko piezak, <a href="/wiki/Chinchilla_de_Monte-Arag%C3%B3n" title="Chinchilla de Monte-Aragón">Chinchilla de Monte-Aragón</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Albacete" title="Albacete">Albacete</a>, España).</figcaption></figure> <p>Eztiaren onurak K.a. 2500. urte inguruan ezagutzen zituzten <a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">sumertarrek</a> <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamian</a>. <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_Egipto" title="Antzinako Egipto">Antzinako egiptoarrek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asiriar" title="Asiriar">asiriarrek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Txinatar" title="Txinatar">txinatarrek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greziar" title="Greziar">greziarrek</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Erromatar_Inperioa" title="Erromatar Inperioa">erromatarrek</a> eztia erabiltzen zuten zauriak tratatzeko. Geroago, medikuntza modernoak «berraurkitu» zuen, <a href="/wiki/Antibiotikoekiko_erresistentzia" title="Antibiotikoekiko erresistentzia">antibiotikoekiko erresistenteak</a> diren <a href="/wiki/Bakterio" title="Bakterio">bakterioekin</a> infektatutako zaurietan dituen propietate <a href="/wiki/Bakterizida" title="Bakterizida">bakterizida</a> garrantzitsuengatik<sup id="cite_ref-Scielo_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scielo-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mikrobioen_aurkakoa_eta_antiseptikoa">Mikrobioen aurkakoa eta antiseptikoa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Mikrobioen aurkakoa eta antiseptikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Mikrobioen aurkakoa eta antiseptikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ezaugarri <a href="/wiki/Antimikrobiano" title="Antimikrobiano">antimikrobiano</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Antiseptiko" title="Antiseptiko">antiseptikoek</a> dituenez, kanpoan ere erabil daiteke, <a href="/wiki/Orbaintze" title="Orbaintze">orbaintzen</a> eta zaurietako edo azaleko erreduretako infekzioak prebenitzen laguntzen du<sup id="cite_ref-Scielo_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scielo-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Erleek, gainera, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glukosa_oxidasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glukosa oxidasa (sortu gabe)">glukosa oxidasa</a> izeneko <a href="/wiki/Entzima" title="Entzima">entzima</a> bat gehitzen dute. Eztia zaurien gainean aplikatzen denean, entzima horrek <a href="/wiki/Hidrogeno_peroxido" title="Hidrogeno peroxido">hidrogeno peroxidoaren</a> askapen lokala eragiten du. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Antioxidatzailea">Antioxidatzailea</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Antioxidatzailea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Antioxidatzailea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ezti ilunagoek ahalmen antioxidatzaile handiagoa dute <a href="/wiki/Fenol" title="Fenol">konposatu fenolikoetan</a> aberatsagoak direlako, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Flabonoide" title="Flabonoide">flabonoideetan</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Tanino" title="Tanino">taninoetan</a><sup id="cite_ref-Scielo_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scielo-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Energetikoa">Energetikoa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Energetikoa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Energetikoa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Azukre sinpleak eta asimilazio azkarrekoak dituenez, eztia oso kalorikoa da (3,4 kcal/g inguru); beraz, erabilgarria da energia azkarreko iturri gisa. </p><p>Ezti birjinak baditu digestioa egiten laguntzen duten <a href="/wiki/Entzima" title="Entzima">entzimak</a> ere, baita hainbat <a href="/wiki/Bitamina" title="Bitamina">bitamina</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Antioxidatzaile" title="Antioxidatzaile">antioxidatzaile</a> ere. Hori dela eta, eztia 60 °C-tik beherako tenperaturan kontsumitzea gomendatzen da; izan ere, zenbat eta tenperatura altuagoa, orduan eta propietate onuragarriak galtzen hasten da elementu horietako batzuk lurrundu egiten direlako. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Katarroak,_eztulak,_eztarriko_mina"><span id="Katarroak.2C_eztulak.2C_eztarriko_mina"></span>Katarroak, eztulak, eztarriko mina</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Katarroak, eztulak, eztarriko mina»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Katarroak, eztulak, eztarriko mina"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hotzeriaren arintze sintomatikorako erabiltzen da<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Arnasbideetan infekzioak dituzten bi eta hemezortzi urte bitarteko pertsonetan eginiko ikerketek frogatu zuten eztarriaren atzealdean sumindutako mintzak arintzeko gai dela eta efektu antioxidatzaileak eta antibiralak dituela. Gainera, <a href="/wiki/Munduko_Osasun_Erakundea" title="Munduko Osasun Erakundea">OMEren</a> txosten batek segurutzat jotzen du <a href="/wiki/Eztul" title="Eztul">eztula</a> arintzeko edoskitze alditik kanpo<sup id="cite_ref-ABUELA_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABUELA-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Xarabearen gozotasunak eta testurak eztarriko mina arintzen dute, baina eduki antioxidatzaileak eta mikrobioen aurkako efektuak ere badute eragina. Urtebetetik beherako haurrentzat ez da gomendagarria <a href="/wiki/Botulismo" title="Botulismo">botulismoa</a> garatzeko arriskua dagoelako. Azken arrisku hori oso-oso txikia da haur zaharragoetan<sup id="cite_ref-ABUELA_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABUELA-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Katarroei, zenbait herrialdetan, <a href="/wiki/Limoi-ur" title="Limoi-ur">limoi zukua</a> edo tipula tea eztiarekin gozatuz aurre egiten zaie<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Munduko_Osasun_Erakundea" title="Munduko Osasun Erakundea">Osasunaren Mundu Erakundeak</a> eztia erabiltzea gomendatzen du urtebete baino gehiagoko haurren eztularen aringarrirako<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Hala ere, eztiak ez du beste sendagai batzuek baino onura handiagorik erakusten, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Dextrometorfano" title="Dextrometorfano">dextrometorfanoak</a>, baina ez du horri lotutako ondorio kaltegarririk<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kosmetika">Kosmetika</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kosmetika»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Kosmetika"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kosmetikan erabiltzen da (kremak, aurpegia garbitzeko maskarak, tonikoak, etab.) bere ezaugarri lehorgarri eta leungarriengatik<sup id="cite_ref-Scielo_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scielo-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kontserbatzailetzat">Kontserbatzailetzat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kontserbatzailetzat»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Kontserbatzailetzat"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Ceramica_tipo_Talavera_mielero_lou.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ceramica_tipo_Talavera_mielero_lou.jpg/220px-Ceramica_tipo_Talavera_mielero_lou.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ceramica_tipo_Talavera_mielero_lou.jpg/330px-Ceramica_tipo_Talavera_mielero_lou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ceramica_tipo_Talavera_mielero_lou.jpg/440px-Ceramica_tipo_Talavera_mielero_lou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Eztia egiteko loza potea, egur-dastatzailearekin</figcaption></figure> <p>Kontserbatzaile natural bikaina da. Hala ere, ez da beti osasuntsua. Lore basatietatik datorrenez, zenbait une eta lekutan erleek sortutako eztia oso <a href="/wiki/Toxikotasun" title="Toxikotasun">toxikoa</a> da. <a href="/wiki/Errododendro" title="Errododendro">Errododendroek</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Azalea" title="Azalea">azaleek</a> oso nektar <a href="/wiki/Pozoi" title="Pozoi">pozoitsua</a> sortzen dute gizakientzat, baina ez die kalterik egiten erleei, eta ezti hilgarria sortzen dute. Munduko zenbait eskualdetan, erlauntzak, lore denboraldiaren ondoren, berehala husten dira, edozein hondakin kenduz ustekabeko pozoitzeak saihesteko. Antzina, ezti pozoitsua gerrako arma gisa erabiltzen omen zen, baina hori ez da egiaztatzeko modukoa. Ezti pozoitsua aurkitzea oso zaila da. Azalea-lorearen forma dela-eta, erleek ez dute nektarrera iristeko erraz, eta, loratzen diren garaian, badira ia beti erleentzat erakargarriagoak diren beste lore batzuk. </p><p>Oso iraunkorra da, ez da iraungitzen. Azukre kontzentrazio handiari esker, bakterioak hiltzen ditu lisis osmotikoaren ondorioz. Airez garraiatutako <a href="/wiki/Legamia" title="Legamia">legamiek</a> ezin dute eztian aurrera egin hezetasun txikia dutelako. Antzinateko giza gorputzen lekualdaketak eztitan murgilduta egiten ziren; adibidez, deskonposizioa ekiditeko eztia erabiliz eraman zuten <a href="/wiki/Alexandro_Handia" title="Alexandro Handia">Alexandro Handia</a> <a href="/wiki/Babilonia_(hiria)" title="Babilonia (hiria)">Babiloniatik</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Egiptoko Alexandriara</a> K.a. 323an eta <a href="/wiki/Agesilao_II.a" title="Agesilao II.a">Agesilao II.a</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esparta" title="Esparta">Espartako erregea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egipto" title="Egipto">Egiptotik</a> K.a. 360. urtean bere jaioterrira. Eztiaren eragin kontserbatzailea ur-kontzentrazio txikiari zor zaio, eta gozokiak eta frutak luzaro almibarretan kontserbatzea ahalbidetzen duenaren bera da, non azukre-eduki handiak ur-eduki erlatiboa gutxitzen duen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neurriak">Neurriak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Neurriak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Neurriak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">Glukosa</a>- eta <a href="/wiki/Fruktosa" title="Fruktosa">fruktosa</a> eduki handiak dietan (energia osoaren % 20 baino gehiago)<sup id="cite_ref-howard_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howard-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Odol-presio" title="Odol-presio">arteria-presioaren</a> igotzearekin<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eta <a href="/wiki/Gantz_ehun" title="Gantz ehun">gorputzeko gantza</a> handitzearekin<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lotuta daude, baita gibeleko gantzetan<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Kolesterol" title="Kolesterol">kolesterolean</a>, bihotzeko arazoetan<sup id="cite_ref-howard_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howard-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eta <a href="/wiki/2._motako_diabetes_mellitus" title="2. motako diabetes mellitus">2 motako diabetesean</a> ere (inoiz ez <a href="/wiki/1._motako_diabetes_mellitus" title="1. motako diabetes mellitus">1 motako diabetesean</a>). </p><p>Eztia kontsumitzea ez da batere gomendagarria hamabi hilabete baino gutxiagoko haurrentzat. Helduek eta haur helduagoek ez bezala, haurtxoen <a href="/wiki/Digestio-aparatu" title="Digestio-aparatu">digestio-sistemako</a> zukuek ez dute oraindik behar adina azidotasun garatu, beraz, eztiaren konposatu gozoek giro egokia sortzen dute <a href="/wiki/Clostridium_botulinum" title="Clostridium botulinum"><i>Clostridium botulinum</i>en</a> <a href="/wiki/Espora" title="Espora">esporak</a> hazteko, eta horrek <a href="/wiki/Botulismo" title="Botulismo">botulismoa</a> sortzen du. Toxina horiek, ez kaltegarriak helduentzat, hilgarriak izan daitezke haur txikientzat<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Erikazeo" title="Erikazeo">Erikazeoen</a> familiako zenbait landare-espezietako ezti jakin batzuk, hala nola <i><a href="/wiki/Rhododendron_ponticum" title="Rhododendron ponticum">Rhododendron ponticum</a></i> edo <a href="/wiki/Solanaceae" title="Solanaceae">solanaceaek</a>, hala nola <i><a href="/wiki/Asma-belar" title="Asma-belar">Datura stramonium</a></i> eta <i><a href="/wiki/Erabelar" title="Erabelar">Hyoscyamus niger</a></i>, toxikoak dira. Kasu askotan, grayanotoxina da substantzia toxikoa<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lotutako_produktuak">Lotutako produktuak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Lotutako produktuak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Lotutako produktuak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eztiarekin batera erleek beste produktu garrantzitsu batzuk ere ekoizten dituzte: <a href="/wiki/Argizari" title="Argizari">argizaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erregina-jele" title="Erregina-jele">erregina-jelea</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Propoli" title="Propoli">propolia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Produktu_baliokideak">Produktu baliokideak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Produktu baliokideak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Produktu baliokideak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Produktu baliokideen edo antzekoen artean, itxurari edo gozotasunari dagokionez, izerdi-eztiak aurki ditzakegu, hala nola palmondo-eztia, datil-eztia eta <a href="/wiki/Astigar-jarabe" title="Astigar-jarabe">astigar-jarabea</a>; baita <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arrope (sortu gabe)">arropea</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Akazia_hiruarantza" title="Akazia hiruarantza">algarrobo-eztiaren</a> leka-orea ere, besteak beste. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wikiproiektu:Lur_Hiztegiak_Wikipediaratzeko_Lantegia" title="Wikiproiektu:Lur Hiztegiak Wikipediaratzeko Lantegia"><i>Lur</i> entziklopedietatik hartua</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Soares2017-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Soares2017_2-0">↑</a> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="eu" dir="ltr">Aipuaren errorea: Konpondu beharreko <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Erreferentziak" title="Laguntza:Erreferentziak">erreferentzia kodea</a> dago orri honetan: ez da testurik eman <code>Soares2017</code> izeneko erreferentziarako</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Miguel2017-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Miguel2017_3-0">↑</a> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="eu" dir="ltr">Aipuaren errorea: Konpondu beharreko <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Erreferentziak" title="Laguntza:Erreferentziak">erreferentzia kodea</a> dago orri honetan: ez da testurik eman <code>Miguel2017</code> izeneko erreferentziarako</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Samarghandian2017-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Samarghandian2017_4-0">↑</a> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="eu" dir="ltr">Aipuaren errorea: Konpondu beharreko <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Erreferentziak" title="Laguntza:Erreferentziak">erreferentzia kodea</a> dago orri honetan: ez da testurik eman <code>Samarghandian2017</code> izeneko erreferentziarako</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ajibola2015-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Ajibola2015_5-0">↑</a> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="eu" dir="ltr">Aipuaren errorea: Konpondu beharreko <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Erreferentziak" title="Laguntza:Erreferentziak">erreferentzia kodea</a> dago orri honetan: ez da testurik eman <code>Ajibola2015</code> izeneko erreferentziarako</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Pasupuleti2017-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Pasupuleti2017_6-0">↑</a> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="eu" dir="ltr">Aipuaren errorea: Konpondu beharreko <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Erreferentziak" title="Laguntza:Erreferentziak">erreferentzia kodea</a> dago orri honetan: ez da testurik eman <code>Pasupuleti2017</code> izeneko erreferentziarako</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Meo2017-7">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Meo2017_7-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meo2017_7-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="eu" dir="ltr">Aipuaren errorea: Konpondu beharreko <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Erreferentziak" title="Laguntza:Erreferentziak">erreferentzia kodea</a> dago orri honetan: ez da testurik eman <code>Meo2017</code> izeneko erreferentziarako</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Al-Waili2012-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Al-Waili2012_8-0">↑</a> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="eu" dir="ltr">Aipuaren errorea: Konpondu beharreko <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Erreferentziak" title="Laguntza:Erreferentziak">erreferentzia kodea</a> dago orri honetan: ez da testurik eman <code>Al-Waili2012</code> izeneko erreferentziarako</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFCrane1991">Crane, Eva.  (1991). <i>Honey from honeybees and other insects, Ethology Ecology & Evolution. </i></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid8901631-10">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid8901631_10-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid8901631_10-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid8901631_10-2"><sup><b>c</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid8901631_10-3"><sup><b>d</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation">  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.93.22.12616">10.1073/pnas.93.22.12616</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8901631">8901631</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996PNAS...9312616S">1996PNAS...9312616S</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NHB_Bee_facts-11">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-NHB_Bee_facts_11-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NHB_Bee_facts_11-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NHB_Bee_facts_11-2"><sup><b>c</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NHB_Bee_facts_11-3"><sup><b>d</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"></span>. National Honey Board</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cd-12">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-cd_12-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cd_12-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cd_12-2"><sup><b>c</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cd_12-3"><sup><b>d</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Beekeeping: Everything You Need to Know to Start Your First Beehive</i> by Joachim Petterson -- Weldonowen 2015 Page 57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Honey Bee Biology and Beekeeping</i> by Dewey Maurice Caron, Lawrence John Connor -- Wicwas Press 2013 Page 214</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation">  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0049164">10.1371/journal.pone.0049164</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23145107">23145107</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PLoSO...749164R">2012PLoSO...749164R</a>.</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>The BBKA Guide to Beekeeping, Second Edition</i> by Ivor Davis, Roger Cullum-Kenyon -- Bloomsbury Publishing 2015 Page 173-174</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Beekeeping as a Business</i> by Richard Jones -- Commonwealth Secretariat 1999 Page 49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Cita_web&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi:Cita web (sortu gabe)">Txantiloi:Cita web</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-21">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.argia.eus/argia-astekaria/2439/eztiak-gozatu-zituen-historiaurrea-eta-antzinaroa">«Eztiak gozatu zituen Historiaurrea eta Antzinaroa»</a> <i>Argia</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2022-05-23)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scielo-22">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Scielo_22-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scielo_22-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scielo_22-2"><sup><b>c</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Scielo_22-3"><sup><b>d</b></sup></a> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="eu" dir="ltr">Aipuaren errorea: Konpondu beharreko <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Erreferentziak" title="Laguntza:Erreferentziak">erreferentzia kodea</a> dago orri honetan: ez da testurik eman <code>Scielo</code> izeneko erreferentziarako</span></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Orzaez Villanueva, Mª.T, de Frutos Prieto, A, Tellez González, M et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201170303/http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-06222002000400006&lng=es&nrm=iso">Hábitos de consumo de productos apícolas en un colectivo de ancianos</a>. <i>ALAN</i>. [online]. dic. 2002, vol.52, no.4, p.362-367. ISSN 0004-0622. Consultado 13/09/2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABUELA-24">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ABUELA_24-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABUELA_24-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Cita_libro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi:Cita libro (sortu gabe)">Txantiloi:Cita libro</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">SACCHI, Mónica; Hausberger, Margarita y Pereyra, Adriana. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1851-82652007000300005&lng=es&nrm=iso">Percepción del proceso salud-enfermedad-atención y aspectos que influyen en la baja utilización del Sistema de Salud, en familias pobres de la ciudad de Salta</a>. Salud colectiva [online]. 2007, vol.3, n.3, pp. 271-283. ISSN 1851-8265. Consultado el 13 de septiembre de 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Cita_web&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi:Cita web (sortu gabe)">Txantiloi:Cita web</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Paul IM, Beiler J, McMonagle A, Shaffer ML, Duda L, Berlin CM Jr. Effect of honey, dextromethorphan, and no treatment on nocturnal cough and sleep quality for coughing children and their parents. <i>Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med</i>. 2007;161(12):1140–1146. Consultado 13 de septiembre de 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-howard-28">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-howard_28-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-howard_28-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Howard, B. V., & Wylie-Rosett, J. (2002). «Sugar and Cardiovascular Disease A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Committee on Nutrition of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism of the American Heart Association.» <i>Circulation</i>, 106(4), 523-527.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Weir, Matthew R. (2010): “Dietary fructose and elevated levels of blood pressure”, artículo en inglés publicado en la revista <i>Journal of the American Society of Nephrology</i>, 21 (9): págs. 1416-1418; 12 de agosto de 2010. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2010070745. PMID: 20705709. DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2010070745.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Samuel, V. T. (2011). «Fructose induced lipogenesis: from sugar to fat to insulin resistance», artículo en inglés publicado en la revista <i>Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism</i>, 22 (2), págs. 60-65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Caton, P. W.; Nayuni, N. K.; Khan, N. Q.; Wood, E. G.; y Corder, R. (2011): «Fructose induces gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis through a SIRT1-dependent mechanism», artículo en inglés publicado en la revista <i>Journal of Endocrinology</i>, 208 (3), págs. 273-283. Chicago.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1592/phco.22.16.1479.33696">Farmacoterapia: Asociación entre el consumo de miel y el botulismo infantil.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://institucional.us.es/revistas/habis/39/30%20becerra.pdf"><i>La miel, un peligroso manjar</i>.</a> Daniel Becerra Romero. Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia. Consultado el 21 de enero de 2019.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezti&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200809230317/https://www.gureeztia.com/eu/">"Gure eztia"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aikur.eus/">"Aikur" (Urretxu).</a></li> <li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mielarlanza.com/es/contenido/?iddoc=63">"Miel Arlanza"</a></li> <li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consultatodo.com/miel/mielTipos.htm">"Consulta todo"</a></li> <li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sabor-artesano.com/content/75-fabricacion-de-la-miel">"Sabor artesano"</a></li> <li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Gaztelaniaz dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Gaztelaniaz)</b></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://circuitoproductivo.com/miel/">"Circuito productivo"</a></li> <li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/201695311">"The last honey hunter" dokumentala (Nepal, 2017).</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236167">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10987" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q10987">Q10987</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Honey">Honey</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q10987%22">Q10987</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX4576464">XX4576464</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11932357r">11932357r</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11932357r">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4025823-3">4025823-3</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85061842">sh85061842</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00563015">00563015</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph122729">ph122729</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art & Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300191621">300191621</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/honey">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Medikuntzako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D006722">D006722</a></span></li> <li><b>Kimikako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_erregistro_zenbakia" class="mw-redirect" title="CAS erregistro zenbakia">CAS erregistro zenbakia</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=8028-66-8">8028-66-8</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=DrugBank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DrugBank (sortu gabe)">DrugBank</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB14242">DB14242</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unique_Ingredient_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier (sortu gabe)">UNII</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/Y9H1V576FH">Y9H1V576FH</a></span></li> <li><b>Biologiako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mouse_Genome_Informatics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mouse Genome Informatics (sortu gabe)">MGI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=8028-66-8">8028-66-8</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10987" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q10987">Q10987</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Honey">Honey</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q10987%22">Q10987</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div>    </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget \"ErrefAurrebista\" was not loaded. 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mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Gehitu atala</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-66d47bf9fb-7gxx2","wgBackendResponseTime":169,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.412","walltime":"0.611","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5490,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":23943,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3122,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":13,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":24066,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":14,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 478.137 1 -total"," 58.82% 281.240 1 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