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mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Turkia rootpage-Turkia skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Edukira joan</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu nagusia" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu nagusia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu nagusia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nabigazioa </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Azala" title="Azala bisitatu [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Azala</span></a></li><li id="n-Txikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Txikipedia:Azala"><span>Txikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Ikusgela" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza/Ikusgela"><span>Ikusgela</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Txokoa" title="Proiektuaren inguruan, zer egin dezakezu, non aurkitu nahi duzuna"><span>Txokoa</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:AzkenAldaketak" title="Wikiko azken aldaketen zerrenda. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Aldaketa berriak</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:Ausazkoa" title="Ausazko orrialde bat kargatu [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ausazko orria</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" title="Aurkitzeko lekua."><span>Laguntza</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Azala" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Entziklopedia askea" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-eu.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:Bilatu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Bilatu</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" aria-label="Wikipedia wikian bilatu" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Wikipedia(e)n bilatu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Berezi:Bilatu"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Bilatu</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itxura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itxura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu" class=""><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Turkia" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea." class=""><span>Sortu kontua</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Turkia" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Hasi saioa</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Aukera gehiago" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresna pertsonalak" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresna pertsonalak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_eu.wikipedia.org&uselang=eu"><span>Dohaintza egin</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:KontuaSortu&returnto=Turkia" title="Kontu bat sortu eta horrekin saioa hastea eskatu nahi genizuke; ez da ezinbestekoa, ordea."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Sortu kontua</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:SaioaHasi&returnto=Turkia" title="Izen ematera gonbidatzen zaitugu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Hasi saioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Izena eman gabeko erabiltzaileentzako orrialdeak <a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Sarrera" aria-label="Artikuluak aldatzeari buruz gehiago ikasi"><span>gehiago ikasi</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEkarpenak" title="IP helbide honetatik egindako aldaketen zerrenda [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Ekarpenak</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:NireEztabaida" title="Zure IParen eztabaida [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">⇑ Gora</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Izenaren_inguruan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izenaren_inguruan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Izenaren inguruan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izenaren_inguruan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Geografia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Orografia_eta_hidrografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orografia_eta_hidrografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Orografia eta hidrografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orografia_eta_hidrografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klima_eta_landaredia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klima_eta_landaredia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Klima eta landaredia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klima_eta_landaredia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Demografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Historia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anatoliako_historia,_turkiarren_aurretik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anatoliako_historia,_turkiarren_aurretik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Anatoliako historia, turkiarren aurretik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anatoliako_historia,_turkiarren_aurretik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkiarrak_eta_Otomandar_Inperioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkiarrak_eta_Otomandar_Inperioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Turkiarrak eta Otomandar Inperioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkiarrak_eta_Otomandar_Inperioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XX._mendea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XX._mendea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>XX. mendea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XX._mendea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Errepublika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Errepublika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Errepublika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Errepublika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1945etik_aurrera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1945etik_aurrera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>1945etik aurrera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1945etik_aurrera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Banaketa_administratiboa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banaketa_administratiboa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Banaketa administratiboa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Banaketa_administratiboa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Banaketa administratiboa azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Banaketa_administratiboa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Probintzia_eta_eskualdeak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Probintzia_eta_eskualdeak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Probintzia eta eskualdeak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Probintzia_eta_eskualdeak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hiri_nagusiak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hiri_nagusiak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Hiri nagusiak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hiri_nagusiak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politika</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politika-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Politika azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gobernua_eta_gizartea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gobernua_eta_gizartea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Gobernua eta gizartea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gobernua_eta_gizartea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gai_politiko_korapilotsuak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gai_politiko_korapilotsuak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Gai politiko korapilotsuak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gai_politiko_korapilotsuak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ekonomia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Ekonomia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Inportatutako_produktu_nagusiak:" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inportatutako_produktu_nagusiak:"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Inportatutako produktu nagusiak:</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inportatutako_produktu_nagusiak:-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Esportatutako_produktu_nagusiak:" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esportatutako_produktu_nagusiak:"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Esportatutako produktu nagusiak:</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Esportatutako_produktu_nagusiak:-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baliabide_nagusiak:" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baliabide_nagusiak:"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Baliabide nagusiak:</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baliabide_nagusiak:-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Azpiegiturak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Azpiegiturak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Azpiegiturak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Azpiegiturak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Azpiegiturak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Azpiegiturak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aireportuak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aireportuak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Aireportuak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aireportuak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Kultura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kultura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Kultura azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Erlijioa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erlijioa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Erlijioa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erlijioa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hizkuntzak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hizkuntzak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Hizkuntzak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hizkuntzak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kirolak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kirolak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Kirolak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kirolak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkiar_ospetsuak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkiar_ospetsuak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Turkiar ospetsuak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkiar_ospetsuak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Turkia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 330 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-330" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">330 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AC%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%9B%D3%99%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Ҭырқәтәыла – abkhaziera" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ҭырқәтәыла" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turuki" title="Turuki – acehnera" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Turuki" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="acehnera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B5" title="Тыркуе – adigera" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Тыркуе" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkye" title="Turkye – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Turkye" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – hegoaldeko altaiera" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="hegoaldeko altaiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AD" title="ቱርክ – amharera" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቱርክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrcland" title="Tyrcland – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Tyrcland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – oboloera" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="oboloera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की – angikera" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تركيا – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تركيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9B%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%A9%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܛܘܪܩܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܛܘܪܩܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تركيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تركيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="توركيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توركيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="তুৰস্ক – assamera" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="তুৰস্ক" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – atikamekwera" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikamekwera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркия – avarera" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Туркия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turka" title="Turka – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Turka" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की – awadhiera" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiy%C9%99" title="Türkiyə – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Türkiyə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87" title="تورکیه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تورکیه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D3%99" title="Төркиә – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төркиә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – baliera" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="baliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiakei" title="Tiakei – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tiakei" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tork%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Torkėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Torkėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Турцыя – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Турцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%87%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Турэччына – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Турэччына" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teki" title="Teki – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Teki" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="တူရကီခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="တူရကီခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – bambarera" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="তুরস্ক – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তুরস্ক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཏུར་ཀི། – tibetera" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཏུར་ཀི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95" title="তুরস্ক – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="তুরস্ক" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turska" title="Turska – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Turska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%97" title="ᨈᨘᨑᨀᨗ – buginera" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨈᨘᨑᨀᨗ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="buginera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Түрэг Улас – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Түрэг Улас" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Turquia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%AB-%C4%AB-g%C3%AC" title="Tū-ī-gì – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tū-ī-gì" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%8C" title="Туркойчоь – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Туркойчоь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeya" title="Turkeya – cebuanoera" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Turkeya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – txamorroera" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="txamorroera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%AC%E1%8F%83" title="ᎬᏃ – txerokiera" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎬᏃ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="txerokiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – txeieneera" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="txeieneera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="تورکیا – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تورکیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – korsikera" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cr mw-list-item"><a href="https://cr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%91%90%E1%95%92%E1%91%AD" title="ᑐᕒᑭ – Cree" lang="cr" hreflang="cr" data-title="ᑐᕒᑭ" data-language-autonym="Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ" data-language-local-name="Cree" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turecko" title="Turecko – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Turecko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ABreck%C3%B4" title="Tëreckô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Tëreckô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%B7%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Тѷрци – elizako eslaviera" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Тѷрци" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="elizako eslaviera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Турци – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Турци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twrci" title="Twrci – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Twrci" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkiet" title="Tyrkiet – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tyrkiet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="Dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagaare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%B1rkiya" title="Tırkiya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tırkiya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkojska" title="Turkojska – behe-sorabiera" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Turkojska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="behe-sorabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="टर्की – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="टर्की" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8C%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%86%DE%A9%DE%88%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%A7%DE%8C%DE%B0" title="ތުރުކީވިލާތް – dhivehia" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ތުރުކީވިލާތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="dhivehia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82" title="བྱའི་རིགས་ཅིག – dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="བྱའི་རིགས་ཅིག" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C9%94k%C9%94" title="Dɔkɔ – eweera" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Dɔkɔ" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="eweera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τουρκία – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τουρκία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turch%C3%AE" title="Turchî – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Turchî" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkio" title="Turkio – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Turkio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrgi" title="Türgi – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Türgi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Turquia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87" title="ترکیه – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترکیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkki" title="Turkki – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Turkki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrg%C3%BC" title="Türgü – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Türgü" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – fijiera" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkaland" title="Turkaland – faroera" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Turkaland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – fonera" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="fonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquie" title="Turquie – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Turquie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Turquia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei – iparraldeko frisiera" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchie" title="Turchie – friulera" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Turchie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Tuirc" title="An Tuirc – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Tuirc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – gagauzera" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauzera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirki" title="Tirki – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tirki" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Tuirc" title="An Tuirc – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Tuirc" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Turquía – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Turquía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8A%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%87" title="تۊرکيه – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="تۊرکيه" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turyk%C3%ADa" title="Turykía – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Turykía" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – gorontaloera" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontaloera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐍄𐍅𐍂𐌺𐌾𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍄𐍅𐍂𐌺𐌾𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="તુર્કસ્તાન – gujaratera" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તુર્કસ્તાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujaratera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Frafra" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Frafra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Farefare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Turkee" title="Yn Turkee – manxera" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Turkee" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiyya" title="Turkiyya – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Turkiyya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%BA-ng%C3%AD-kh%C3%AC" title="Thú-ngí-khì – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thú-ngí-khì" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuleke" title="Kuleke – hawaiiera" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kuleke" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%94" title="טורקיה – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טורקיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turska" title="Turska – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Turska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkowska" title="Turkowska – goi-sorabiera" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Turkowska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="goi-sorabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiki" title="Tiki – Haitiko kreolera" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tiki" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiko kreolera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6r%C3%B6korsz%C3%A1g" title="Törökország – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Törökország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Թուրքիա – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թուրքիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Թուրքիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Թուրքիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – ibanera" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ibanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Turcia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk%C3%A9y" title="Turkéy – igboera" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Turkéy" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igboera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-igl mw-list-item"><a href="https://igl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – Igala" lang="igl" hreflang="igl" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Igala" data-language-local-name="Igala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkii" title="Turkii – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Turkii" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – ilocanoera" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BA" title="Туркий мохк – ingushera" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Туркий мохк" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingushera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkland" title="Tyrkland – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tyrkland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%91%91%E1%95%90%E1%91%AD" title="ᑑᕐᑭ – inuitera" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᑑᕐᑭ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuitera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3" title="トルコ – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トルコ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toerki" title="Toerki – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Toerki" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/turk" title="turk – lojbana" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="turk" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojbana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="თურქეთი – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თურქეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BArkiya" title="Túrkiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Túrkiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tturk" title="Tturk – kabiliera" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tturk" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabiliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Тыркуей – kabardiera" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Тыркуей" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuurkii" title="Tuurkii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tuurkii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turukya" title="Turukya – tyapa" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Turukya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyapa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – kikongoa" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kikongoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tak%C4%A9" title="Takĩ – kikuyuera" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Takĩ" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyuera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Түркия – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Түркия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8" title="តួកគី – khemerera" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តួកគី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khemerera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF" title="ಟರ್ಕಿ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟರ್ಕಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%98%88" title="튀르키예 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="튀르키예" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Тюркия – komi-permyakera" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Тюркия" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permyakera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Тюрк – karachayera-balkarera" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Тюрк" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachayera-balkarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8F%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="تُرکی – kaxmirera" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="تُرکی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kaxmirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei – koloniera" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="koloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirkiye" title="Tirkiye – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Tirkiye" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция – komiera" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – kornubiera" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornubiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Түркия – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түркия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Turcia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – ladinoa" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladinoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierkei" title="Tierkei – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tierkei" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркия – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Туркия" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция – lezginera" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezginera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Turcia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buturuki" title="Buturuki – luganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Buturuki" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="luganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – liguriera" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrchia" title="Türchia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Türchia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk%C3%AD" title="Turkí – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Turkí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B5" title="ປະເທດຕຸຣກີ – laosera" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດຕຸຣກີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkija" title="Turkija – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Turkija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turceja" title="Turceja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Turceja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcija" title="Turcija – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Turcija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – madurera" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="टर्की – maithilia" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="टर्की" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркия – mokxera" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Туркия" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torkia" title="Torkia – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Torkia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Турций – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Турций" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81kei" title="Tākei – maoriera" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Tākei" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maoriera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – minangkabauera" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabauera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Турција – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Турција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF" title="തുർക്കി – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തുർക്കി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Турк – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Турк" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯇꯔꯀꯤ – manipurera" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯇꯔꯀꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – mossiera" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="mossiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Moore</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="तुर्कस्तान – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तुर्कस्तान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Турци – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Турци" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkija" title="Turkija – maltera" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Turkija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquie" title="Turquie – mirandesa" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Turquie" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="တူရကီနိုင်ငံ – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တူရကီနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Турция Мастор – erziera" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Турция Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87" title="تورکیه – mazandarandera" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تورکیه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – napoliera" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6rkie" title="Törkie – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Törkie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije – behe-saxoiera" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="behe-saxoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="टर्की – nepalera" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="टर्की" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="टर्की – newarera" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="टर्की" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ng mw-list-item"><a href="https://ng.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – ndonga" lang="ng" hreflang="ng" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Oshiwambo" data-language-local-name="ndonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oshiwambo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – niasera" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="niasera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tyrkia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkia" title="Tyrkia – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tyrkia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%93%DF%8A%DF%95%DF%8D%DF%AB_%DF%A3%DF%9D%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%96%DF%8C%DF%AB" title="ߓߊߕߍ߫ ߣߝߊ߬ߖߌ߫ – n’koera" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߓߊߕߍ߫ ߣߝߊ߬ߖߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’koera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nr mw-list-item"><a href="https://nr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – hegoaldeko ndebeleera" lang="nr" hreflang="nr" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="IsiNdebele seSewula" data-language-local-name="hegoaldeko ndebeleera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiNdebele seSewula</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtchie" title="Turtchie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Turtchie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – pediera" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="pediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bich%CA%BCah_%C5%81ich%C3%ADi%CA%BCii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Bichʼah Łichíiʼii Bikéyah – navajoera" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bichʼah Łichíiʼii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – chewera" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="chewera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Turquia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtsii" title="Turtsii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Turtsii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarkii" title="Tarkii – oromoera" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Tarkii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%80" title="ତୁର୍କୀ – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ତୁର୍କୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Турк – osetiera" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Турк" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80" title="ਤੁਰਕੀ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੁਰਕੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – pangasinanera" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – pampangera" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampangera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – papiamentoa" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamentoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkie" title="Turkie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Turkie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkie" title="Turkie – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Turkie" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkei" title="Türkei – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Türkei" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87" title="तुर्किये – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="तुर्किये" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkii" title="Turkii – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Turkii" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcja" title="Turcja – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Turcja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turch%C3%ACa" title="Turchìa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Turchìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ترکی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ترکی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Τουρκία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Τουρκία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%87" title="تورکيه – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تورکيه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Turquia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirchia" title="Tirchia – erretorromaniera" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Tirchia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="erretorromaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turukiya" title="Turukiya – rundiera" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Turukiya" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="rundiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Turcia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchia" title="Turchia – aromaniera" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Turchia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turchie" title="Turchie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Turchie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Турція – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Турція" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turukiya" title="Turukiya – kinyaruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Turukiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyaruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="तुर्की – sanskritoa" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="तुर्की" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskritoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="Түүркүйэ – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Түүркүйэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ – santalera" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – sardiniera" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turch%C3%ACa" title="Turchìa – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Turchìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%AA%D9%8A" title="ترڪي – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ترڪي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durka" title="Durka – iparraldeko samiera" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Durka" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko samiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turuk%C3%AFi" title="Turukïi – sangoa" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Turukïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sangoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turska" title="Turska – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Turska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkya" title="Turkya – tachelhita" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Turkya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%81%B5%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းတိူဝ်ႇၵီႇ – shanera" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းတိူဝ်ႇၵီႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="තුර්කිය – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="තුර්කිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turecko" title="Turecko – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Turecko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ترکی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ترکی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur%C4%8Dija" title="Turčija – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Turčija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take" title="Take – samoera" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Take" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkki" title="Turkki – Inariko samiera" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Turkki" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inariko samiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turuki" title="Turuki – shonera" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Turuki" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiga" title="Turkiga – somaliera" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Turkiga" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turqia" title="Turqia – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Turqia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Турска – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Турска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiyakondre" title="Turkiyakondre – sranan tongoa" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Turkiyakondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan tongoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IThekhi" title="IThekhi – swatiera" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IThekhi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swatiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – hegoaldeko sothoera" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="hegoaldeko sothoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk%C3%A4i" title="Turkäi – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Turkäi" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki" title="Turki – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Turki" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiet" title="Turkiet – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Turkiet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uturuki" title="Uturuki – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uturuki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcyjo" title="Turcyjo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Turcyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="துருக்கி – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துருக்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF" title="ಟರ್ಕಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಟರ್ಕಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80" title="టర్కీ – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="టర్కీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia – tetuma" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Turkia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetuma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Туркия – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Туркия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5" title="ประเทศตุรกี – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศตุรกี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B1%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA" title="ቱርኪ – tigrinyera" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ቱርኪ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrinyera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrki%C3%BDe" title="Türkiýe – turkmenera" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Türkiýe" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrkij%C9%99" title="Tyrkijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Tyrkijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – tswanera" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="tswanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toake" title="Toake – tongera" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Toake" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teki" title="Teki – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Teki" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – tarokoera" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="tarokoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – tsongera" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsongera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu onak"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Төркия – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Төркия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – tumbukera" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbukera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – twia" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turiti" title="Turiti – tahitiera" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Turiti" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция – tuvera" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Турция – udmurtera" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Турция" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%88%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95_%D8%AC%DB%87%D9%85%DA%BE%DB%87%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89" title="تۈركىيە جۇمھۇرىيىتى – uigurrera" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تۈركىيە جۇمھۇرىيىتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurrera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Туреччина – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Туреччина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%DB%81" title="ترکیہ – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ترکیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Turkiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – vendera" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="vendera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turch%C3%ACa" title="Turchìa – veneziera" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Turchìa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkanma" title="Turkanma – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Turkanma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%95_Nh%C4%A9_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeye" title="Turkeye – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Turkeye" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrk%C3%A4n" title="Türkän – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Türkän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourkeye" title="Tourkeye – valoniera" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tourkeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeya" title="Turkeya – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Turkeya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirki" title="Tirki – wolofera" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Tirki" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolofera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" title="Türkiye – kalmykera" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Türkiye" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmykera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITurkiya" title="ITurkiya – xhosera" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="ITurkiya" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="თურქეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="თურქეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99" title="טערקיי – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טערקיי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey – jorubera" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Turkey" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dujwjgiz" title="Dujwjgiz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dujwjgiz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkije" title="Turkije – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Turkije" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵜⵓⵔⴽⵢⴰ – amazigera estandarra" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵔⴽⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazigera estandarra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B3%CD%98-n%C3%AD-k%C3%AE" title="Thó͘-ní-kî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thó͘-ní-kî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="土耳其" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITheki" title="ITheki – zuluera" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ITheki" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > 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[e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=history" title="Artikulu honen aurreko bertsioak. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresnak" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresnak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tresnak</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ekintzak </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Turkia"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=history"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Orokorra </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:ZerkLotzenDuHona/Turkia" title="Orri honetaranzko esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/Turkia" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:OrrialdeBereziak" title="Orri berezi guztien zerrenda [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Orri bereziak</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&oldid=9800776" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura iraunkorra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=info" title="Orrialde honi buruzko informazio gehiago"><span>Orri honen datuak</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:CiteThisPage&page=Turkia&id=9800776&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Orri honen aipua egiteko moduari buruzko informazioa"><span>Artikulu hau aipatu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTurkia"><span>URL laburra lortu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTurkia"><span>QR kodea jaitsi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inprimatu/esportatu </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Turkia"><span>Liburu bat sortu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Turkia&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargatu PDF formatuan</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&printable=yes" title="Orrialde honen bertsio inprimagarria [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inprimatzeko bertsioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beste proiektuetan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiye" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43" title="Datuen biltegi elementu batera lotuta [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata itema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itxura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-1-Wikipedia10000" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_guztiek_izan_beharreko_artikuluen_zerrenda/3._maila" title="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da"><img alt="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/20px-Wikipedia-1000.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/30px-Wikipedia-1000.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/40px-Wikipedia-1000.png 2x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;border-bottom:2px solid #ccc;">Turkiako Errepublika</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;">Türkiye Cumhuriyeti</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;"><b>Ereserkia</b>: <i><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0stikl%C3%A2l_Mar%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="İstiklâl Marşı">İstiklâl Marşı</a></i> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="285" style="width:285px;" data-durationhint="77" data-mwtitle="Istiklâl_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Istikl%C3%A2l_Marsi_instrumetal.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source 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/></audio></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;">Goiburua: Yurtta Sulh, Cihanda Sulh<br />("Bakea Etxean, Bakea Munduan")</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><table style="width: 100%; border: none; font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkiako_bandera" title="Turkiako bandera"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/120px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/180px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/240px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Turkiako_bandera" title="Turkiako bandera">Turkiako bandera</a></small></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Emblem_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Emblem_of_Turkey.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Emblem_of_Turkey.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Emblem_of_Turkey.svg/160px-Emblem_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="373" /></a></span><br /><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_emblem_of_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National emblem of Turkey (sortu gabe)">national emblem of Turkey</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199855?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></small></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Turkey_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Turkey_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/285px-Turkey_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="285" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Turkey_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/428px-Turkey_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Turkey_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/570px-Turkey_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;border-top:2px solid #ccc; border-bottom: 2px solid #ccc;">Geografia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Hiriburua</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a><br /><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Berezi:Map/0/39.9358/32.8387/eu" data-lat="39.9358" data-lon="32.8387" data-overlays="["_1d5eb4c16e2ca76b9f217f7b3b9cbb474ea6c2df"]">39°56′9″N 32°50′19″E</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Azalera</th><td class="infobox-data">783.562 km², 783.562,05296 km² eta 783.356 km² (<a href="/wiki/Zerrenda:Estatuak_azaleraren_arabera" title="Zerrenda:Estatuak azaleraren arabera">36.</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Punturik altuena</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ararat" title="Ararat">Ararat</a> (5.137 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Punturik sakonena</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Itsaso_Beltza" title="Itsaso Beltza">Itsaso Beltza</a> (0 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Kontinentea</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Mugakideak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grezia" title="Grezia">Grezia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabiar_Liga" title="Arabiar Liga">Arabiar Liga</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Europar_Batasuna" title="Europar Batasuna">Europar Batasuna</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;border-top:2px solid #ccc; border-bottom: 2px solid #ccc;">Administrazioa</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Gobernu-sistema</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Estatu_unitario" title="Estatu unitario">Estatu unitario</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Presidentzialismo" title="Presidentzialismo">presidentzialismo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Turkiako Presidentea</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> <sup>(mul)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39259?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Legebiltzarra</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiako_Biltzar_Nazionala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkiako Biltzar Nazionala (sortu gabe)">Turkiako Biltzar Nazionala</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Harreman diplomatikoak</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Wikidata-logo-en.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Wikidata-logo-en.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Wikidata-logo-en.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="744" /></span></span> <a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/embed.html#%23defaultView%3AMap%0ASELECT%20DISTINCT%20%3FdiplomaziaLabel%20%3Fshape%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22eu%2Ces%2Cfr%2Cen%22.%20%7D%0A%20%20%3Fherrialdea%20wdt%3AP17%20wd%3A%3B%0A%20%20%20%20wdt%3AP530%20%3Fdiplomazia.%0A%20%20%3Fdiplomazia%20wdt%3AP3896%20%3Fshape.%0A%7D%0AORDER%20BY%20(%3FdiplomaziaLabel)">Ikusi mapa Wikidatan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Zeren kide</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;">ikusi</div> <ul class="NavContent" style="list-style: none none; margin-left: 0; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Aduanen_Mundu_Erakundea" title="Aduanen Mundu Erakundea">Aduanen Mundu Erakundea</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Arma_Kimikoak_Debekatzeko_Erakundea" title="Arma Kimikoak Debekatzeko Erakundea">Arma Kimikoak Debekatzeko Erakundea</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Australia_taldea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Australia taldea (sortu gabe)">Australia taldea</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:OIC_Logo_since_2011.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/OIC_Logo_since_2011.svg/14px-OIC_Logo_since_2011.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/OIC_Logo_since_2011.svg/21px-OIC_Logo_since_2011.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/OIC_Logo_since_2011.svg/28px-OIC_Logo_since_2011.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="278" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Batzar_Islamikoko_Erakundea" title="Batzar Islamikoko Erakundea">Batzar Islamikoko Erakundea</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Berreraikuntza_eta_Garapeneko_Nazioarteko_Bankua" title="Berreraikuntza eta Garapeneko Nazioarteko Bankua">Berreraikuntza eta Garapeneko Nazioarteko Bankua</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Ekonomia_Lankidetza_eta_Garapenerako_Antolakundea" title="Ekonomia Lankidetza eta Garapenerako Antolakundea">Ekonomia Lankidetza eta Garapenerako Antolakundea</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Energiaren_Nazioarteko_Erakundea" title="Energiaren Nazioarteko Erakundea">Energiaren Nazioarteko Erakundea</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurocontrol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurocontrol (sortu gabe)">Eurocontrol</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663492?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /> <a href="/wiki/Europako_Kontseilua" title="Europako Kontseilua">Europako Kontseilua</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe.svg/14px-Flag_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe.svg/28px-Flag_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1169" data-file-height="702" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Europako_Segurtasun_eta_Lankidetzako_Antolakundea" title="Europako Segurtasun eta Lankidetzako Antolakundea">Europako Segurtasun eta Lankidetzako Antolakundea</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=European_Payments_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="European Payments Union (sortu gabe)">European Payments Union</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377612?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /> <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Garapeneko_Afrikako_Bankua" title="Garapeneko Afrikako Bankua">Garapeneko Afrikako Bankua</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Garapeneko_Asiako_Bankua" title="Garapeneko Asiako Bankua">Garapeneko Asiako Bankua</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Group_on_Earth_Observations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Group on Earth Observations (sortu gabe)">Group on Earth Observations</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5611262?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Centre_for_Migration_Policy_Development&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Centre for Migration Policy Development (sortu gabe)">International Centre for Migration Policy Development</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498496?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Centre_for_Settlement_of_Investment_Disputes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (sortu gabe)">International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899770?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /> <a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_NATO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/14px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/21px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/28px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ipar_Atlantikoko_Itunaren_Erakundea" title="Ipar Atlantikoko Itunaren Erakundea">Ipar Atlantikoko Itunaren Erakundea</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Itsaso_Beltzeko_Lankidetza_Ekonomikorako_Erakundea" title="Itsaso Beltzeko Lankidetza Ekonomikorako Erakundea">Itsaso Beltzeko Kooperazio Ekonomikorako Erakundea</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=MIKTA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MIKTA (sortu gabe)">MIKTA</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865479?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /> <a href="/wiki/Munduko_Merkataritza_Erakundea" title="Munduko Merkataritza Erakundea">Merkataritzaren Mundu Erakundea</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Missile_Technology_Control_Regime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Missile Technology Control Regime (sortu gabe)">Missile Technology Control Regime</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072120?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Movement_Coordination_Centre_Europe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Movement Coordination Centre Europe (sortu gabe)">Movement Coordination Centre Europe</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3866537?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Multilateral_Investment_Guarantee_Agency&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (sortu gabe)">Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1043527?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_the_World_Meteorological_Organization.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_the_World_Meteorological_Organization.svg/14px-Flag_of_the_World_Meteorological_Organization.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_the_World_Meteorological_Organization.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_World_Meteorological_Organization.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_the_World_Meteorological_Organization.svg/28px-Flag_of_the_World_Meteorological_Organization.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Munduko_Meteorologia_Erakundea" title="Munduko Meteorologia Erakundea">Munduko Meteorologia Erakundea</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/14px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/28px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nazio_Batuen_Erakundea" title="Nazio Batuen Erakundea">Nazio Batuen Erakundea</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Erakunde_Hidrografikoa" title="Nazioarteko Erakunde Hidrografikoa">Nazioarteko Erakunde Hidrografikoa</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Finantza_Korporazioa" title="Nazioarteko Finantza Korporazioa">Nazioarteko Finantza Korporazioa</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Garapen_Elkartea" title="Nazioarteko Garapen Elkartea">Nazioarteko Garapen Elkartea</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuclear_Suppliers_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuclear Suppliers Group (sortu gabe)">Nuclear Suppliers Group</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1480793?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/14px-Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg/28px-Flag_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organization_of_Turkic_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organization of Turkic States (sortu gabe)">Organization of Turkic States</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596850?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_WHO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_WHO.svg/14px-Flag_of_WHO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_WHO.svg/21px-Flag_of_WHO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_WHO.svg/28px-Flag_of_WHO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Munduko_Osasun_Erakundea" title="Munduko Osasun Erakundea">Osasunaren Mundu Erakundea</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_UPU.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Flag_of_UPU.svg/14px-Flag_of_UPU.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Flag_of_UPU.svg/21px-Flag_of_UPU.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Flag_of_UPU.svg/28px-Flag_of_UPU.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Posta-Batasun_Unibertsala" title="Posta-Batasun Unibertsala">Posta Batasun Unibertsala</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Telekomunikazioen_Batasun_Internazionala" title="Telekomunikazioen Batasun Internazionala">Telekomunikazioen Batasun Internazionala</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_on_Open_Skies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaty on Open Skies (sortu gabe)">Treaty on Open Skies</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1928989?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_UNESCO.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/14px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/21px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/28px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Nations%E2%80%93African_Union_Hybrid_Operation_in_Darfur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Nations–African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur (sortu gabe)">United Nations–African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384535?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;border-top:2px solid #ccc; border-bottom: 2px solid #ccc;">Demografia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Biztanleria</th><td class="infobox-data">85.372.377</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Dentsitatea</th><td class="infobox-data">108,95 bizt/km²<small> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Zerrenda:Estatuak_biztanleria_dentsitatearen_arabera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zerrenda:Estatuak biztanleria dentsitatearen arabera (sortu gabe)">108.</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Talde etnikoak</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;">ikusi</div> <ul class="NavContent" style="list-style: none none; margin-left: 0; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Turkiar" title="Turkiar">Turkiar</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Kurdu" title="Kurdu">Etnia kurdu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Hizkuntza ofizialak</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;">ikusi</div> <ul class="NavContent" style="list-style: none none; margin-left: 0; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Turkiera" title="Turkiera">turkiera</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Erabilitako hizkuntzak</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;">ikusi</div> <ul class="NavContent" style="list-style: none none; margin-left: 0; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Turkiera" title="Turkiera">turkiera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurmanji" title="Kurmanji">Kurmanji</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Armenian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Armenian (sortu gabe)">Western Armenian</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180945?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laz (sortu gabe)">Laz</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1160372?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balkan_Gagauz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balkan Gagauz (sortu gabe)">Balkan Gagauz</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2360396?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Mesopotamian_Arabic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Mesopotamian Arabic (sortu gabe)">North Mesopotamian Arabic</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56577?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Domariera" title="Domariera">Domariera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgariera" title="Bulgariera">bulgariera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgiera" title="Georgiera">georgiera</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontic_Greek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pontic Greek (sortu gabe)">Pontic Greek</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36748?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubykh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ubykh (sortu gabe)">Ubykh</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36931?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Sign_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkish Sign Language (sortu gabe)">Turkish Sign Language</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36885?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Zazera" title="Zazera">Zazaki</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A9rtevin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hértevin (sortu gabe)">Hértevin</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33290?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Asiriera" title="Asiriera">Asiriera</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turoyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turoyo (sortu gabe)">Turoyo</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34040?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Azerbaijani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Azerbaijani (sortu gabe)">South Azerbaijani</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3449805?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Zazaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Zazaki (sortu gabe)">Northern Zazaki</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3944007?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Levantine_Arabic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Levantine Arabic (sortu gabe)">North Levantine Arabic</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22809485?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> eta <a href="/wiki/Ladino_(judu-espainiera)" title="Ladino (judu-espainiera)">Ladino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ezkontzeko adina</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27177113" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q27177113">genero guztiak</a>: 18<br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27177113" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q27177113">genero guztiak</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q327000" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q327000">court decision</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327000?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>: 16</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Emankortasun-tasa</th><td class="infobox-data">2,07 <small>(2014)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Eskolaratu gabeko umeak</th><td class="infobox-data">1.378.723 <small>(2014)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Derrigorrezko eskolaratzea</th><td class="infobox-data">6-18</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Bizi-itxaropena</th><td class="infobox-data">75,755 <small>(2016)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Giniren_koefiziente" title="Giniren koefiziente">Giniren koefizientea</a></th><td class="infobox-data">41,9 <small>(2019)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Giza garapen indizea</th><td class="infobox-data">0,838 <small>(2021)</small></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;border-top:2px solid #ccc; border-bottom: 2px solid #ccc;">Ekonomia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">BPG nominala</th><td class="infobox-data">905.987.824.100 $ <small>(2022)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">BPG per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">10.616,1 $ <small>(2022)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">BPG erosketa botere paritarioa</th><td class="infobox-data">2.591.454.560.000 nazioarteko dolar <small>(2021)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">BPG per capita EAPn</th><td class="infobox-data">30.472,4 nazioarteko dolar <small>(2021)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">BPGaren hazkuntza erreala</th><td class="infobox-data">2,9 % <small>(2016)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Erreserbak</th><td class="infobox-data">107.657.025.384 $ <small>(2017)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Inflazioa</th><td class="infobox-data">8,5 % <small>(2016)</small></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;border-top:2px solid #ccc; border-bottom: 2px solid #ccc;">Historia</th></tr><tr style="text-align: left;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><b>Sorrera data</b>: <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Urriaren_29" title="Urriaren 29">urriaren 29a</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;border-top:2px solid #ccc; border-bottom: 2px solid #ccc;">Bestelako informazioa</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Aurrezenbakia</th><td class="infobox-data">+90 eta +36</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">ISO 3166-1 alpha-2</th><td class="infobox-data">TR</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">ISO 3166-1 alpha-3</th><td class="infobox-data">TUR</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ordu eremua</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="font-size: 105%; background: transparent; text-align: left;">ikusi</div> <ul class="NavContent" style="list-style: none none; margin-left: 0; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <dl><dd><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q109521557" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q109521557">Asia/Istanbul</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109521557?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <br />: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16837414" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q16837414">Europe/Istanbul</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16837414?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <br />ordutegi estandarra: <a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:00" title="UTC+03:00">UTC+03:00</a> </dd></dl></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Elektrizitatea</th><td class="infobox-data">230 V. 50 Hz.<a href="/w/index.php?title=Schuko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schuko (sortu gabe)">Schuko</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Europar_loki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europar loki (sortu gabe)">europar loki</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Internet domeinua</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.tr" title=".tr">.tr</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.turkiye.gov.tr/">turkiye.gov.tr</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Turkia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Turkiera" title="Turkiera">turkieraz</a>: <span lang="tr"><i>Türkiye</i></span>), ofizialki <b>Turkiako Errepublika</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Turkiera" title="Turkiera">turkieraz</a>: <span lang="tr"><i>Türkiye Cumhuriyeti</i></span>), bi <a href="/wiki/Kontinente" title="Kontinente">kontinentetan</a> banaturik dagoen estatua da, gehiena mendebaldeko <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asiako</a> <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> penintsulan eta % 3 <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europako</a> <a href="/wiki/Balkanak" title="Balkanak">Balkanetan</a>. 783.562 km²ko eremua du, eta 2018an, 82.835.090 biztanle zituen. </p><p>Turkia errepublika demokratiko, laiko eta konstituzionala da, <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923an</a> <a href="/wiki/Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Kemal Atatürk">Kemal Atatürk</a>-en gidaritzapean sortua, <a href="/wiki/Otomandar_Inperioa" title="Otomandar Inperioa">Otomandar Inperioaren</a> oinordeko naturala. Hiriburua <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> da, nahiz eta hiri garrantzitsuena <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> izan, antzinako <a href="/wiki/Bizantzio" title="Bizantzio">Bizantzio</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopla" title="Konstantinopla">Konstantinopla</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izenaren_inguruan">Izenaren inguruan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Izenaren inguruan»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Izenaren inguruan"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Turkia</i> izena (<a href="/wiki/Turkiera" title="Turkiera">turkieraz</a>, <i>Türkiye</i>) bi hitzetan bereiz daiteke: <i>Türk</i>, antzinako turkieraz "indartsu" esan nahi duena, eta -<i>iye</i> atzizkia, <a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabieraz</a> "jabe" edo "harremanetan dagoena" esan nahi duena. <i>Türk</i> izenak Turkiako edo herri turkiarretako "herritar "esan nahi du eta <i>tu-kin</i>-etik dator, <a href="/wiki/Txinera" title="Txinera">txineraz</a> <a href="/wiki/Altai_(mendiak)" title="Altai (mendiak)">Altai mendien</a> hegoaldean bizi ziren herritarrei ematen zitzaien izena <a href="/wiki/K.a._177" title="K.a. 177">K.a. 177an</a>. <i>Türk</i> edo <i>türük</i> izena lehen aldiz <a href="/wiki/VIII._mendea" title="VIII. mendea">VIII. mendean</a> agertu zen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orkhon_idazki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orkhon idazki (sortu gabe)">Orkhon idazkietan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erdialdeko_Asia" title="Erdialdeko Asia">Erdialdeko Asian</a> bizi ziren <i>Göktürk</i>ak izendatzeko. <i>Turkia</i> izena agian transliterazio bat da, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erdi_Aroko_Latin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erdi Aroko Latin (sortu gabe)">Erdi Aroko Latinetik</a> datorrena (Turchia). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia">Geografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Geografia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Geografia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkiaren eremuaren gehiengoa (% 96) <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asian</a> dago, <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> hiriburua dagoen tokian, baina estatuaren zati bat (% 4) <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europan</a> dago, <a href="/wiki/Trazia" title="Trazia">Trazian</a>. Hiri garrantzitsuena, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Trazian eta Anatolian kokatzen da, <a href="/wiki/Bosforo" title="Bosforo">Bosforok</a> banatua. Munduko hiri bakarra da bi <a href="/wiki/Kontinente" title="Kontinente">kontinentetan</a> banatuta dagoena. </p><p>Turkia <a href="/wiki/Itsaso_Beltza" title="Itsaso Beltza">Itsaso Beltza</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Mediterraneoa" title="Mediterraneoa">Mediterraneoaren</a> arteko igarobidea da, <a href="/wiki/Bosforo" title="Bosforo">Bosforo itsasartetik</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Marmarako_itsasoa" title="Marmarako itsasoa">Marmara Itsasotik</a>. Ipar-mendebaldean, <a href="/wiki/Grezia" title="Grezia">Grezia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> mugakide ditu; ipar-ekialdean, <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> eta Nakhichevan, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijanen</a> exklabea; ekialdean, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> ; eta hegoaldean, <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Taurus_(mendilerroa)" title="Taurus (mendilerroa)">Taurus mendiak</a> hegoaldean daude eta bertan <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Eufrates" title="Eufrates">Eufrates</a> ibaiak sortzen dira. <a href="/wiki/Ararat" title="Ararat">Ararat mendia</a> herrialdeko garaiena da (5.165 m), ekialdean kokatua. </p><p>Mediterraneoaren ipar-ekialdean kokatua, oro har <a href="/wiki/Klima" title="Klima">klima</a> mediterranearra du: negu gozoa eta uda bero eta lehorra. Hala ere, mendiek erdialdea inguratzen dutenez, eskualde horrek klima kontinentalagoa du: negu hotzagoak eta <a href="/wiki/Euri" title="Euri">euri</a> urriagoak, udaberri aldera pilatuak. Alderantziz, Itsaso Beltzeko kostaldean, aire masa hezeen eraginez, euria sarri eta ugari egiten du. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orografia_eta_hidrografia">Orografia eta hidrografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Orografia eta hidrografia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Orografia eta hidrografia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg/200px-Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg/300px-Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg/400px-Istanbul_and_Bosporus_big.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1163" /></a><figcaption>Dardaneloetako itsasartea</figcaption></figure> <p>Turkiako lurraldeko parterik handiena Anatolian (Asia Txikian) dago (755.668 km²), eta Europako <a href="/wiki/Trazia" title="Trazia">Trazian</a> parterik txikiena (23.764 km²). Anatoliaren eta Traziaren artean, <a href="/wiki/Marmarako_itsasoa" title="Marmarako itsasoa">Marmarako</a> barne itsasoa dago, Bosforo eta Dardanelo itsasarteen bidez Itsaso Beltzarekin eta Egeo itsasoarekin lotura duena. Lurralde menditsua da Turkia, mendi garaiez, eta horien artean, malda malkorrez inguratutako sakanez eta goi-ordokiez osatua. Anatoliako erdialdea goi-ordoki lehor bat da, 3.000 m. baino gehiagoko mendiez inguratua: <a href="/wiki/Pontoko_mendiak" title="Pontoko mendiak">Pontoko mendiak</a> iparraldean (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ka%C3%A7kar_Da%C4%9F%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaçkar Dağı (sortu gabe)">Kaçkar Dağı</a> mendia, 3.932 m.), eta <a href="/wiki/Taurus_(mendilerroa)" title="Taurus (mendilerroa)">Taurus mendiak</a> hegoaldean (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cilo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cilo (sortu gabe)">Cilo</a> mendia, 4.116 m.). Goi-ordokiak batez besteko garaiera 1.000 metrokoa du. Gaur egun, alderdi horretako parterik handiena itsasora irteerarik ez duen arroa bat da, ur gaziko aintzirak eta higadurak jandako eremu handiak dituena (<a href="/wiki/Kapadozia" title="Kapadozia">Kapadozia</a>). Halaber, inguru horretan, sumendi gazteak dira, besteak beste: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erciyes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erciyes (sortu gabe)">Erciyes</a>, 3.917 metrokoa, Anatoliako erdialdeko mendi garaiena. Anatoliako ekialdea <a href="/wiki/Armeniar_goi-ordokia" title="Armeniar goi-ordokia">Armeniar goi-ordokiko</a> mendi garaiez eta sumendi gazteez osatua da. Horien artean, <a href="/wiki/Ararat" title="Ararat">Ararat mendia</a> (5.165 m) da nabarmenena, Turkiako gailurra. Mendiak labaz estalitako ordoki garaietan daude; horietako batean, ur gaziko Van aintzira dago. Anatoliako mendebalak sakan zabalek berezitako mendikate luzeak dira. Trazia arroa handi bat da, iparraldean <a href="/w/index.php?title=Istranca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istranca (sortu gabe)">Istranca</a> mendiak, hegoaldean <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganos (sortu gabe)">Ganos</a> mendiak eta, ekialdean, Bosforo aldean, 100 m garai inguruko ordokiak dituena; erdialdea, lehorra, muino ugariko ordokia da. Istanbul inguruko ordokiak ibar sakonek irekita daude. Horietako bat, Bosforo ibarra, azken glaziarrak urtu eta itsas maila igo zenean, urez bete zen; gaur egun, Marmara itsasoa eta Itsaso Beltzaren arteko pasabide da. <a href="/wiki/Dardaneloak" title="Dardaneloak">Dardanelo</a> itsasartea ere gisa berean sortua da. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ozeano_Atlantikoa" title="Ozeano Atlantikoa">Ozeano Atlantiko</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Indiako_ozeanoa" title="Indiako ozeanoa">Indiako ozeanoko</a> uren banalerroak zeharka igarotzen du Anatoliako ekialdea. Banalerroaren ekialdeko ura <a href="/wiki/Kaspiar_itsasoa" title="Kaspiar itsasoa">Kaspiar Itsasora</a> doa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuru%C3%A7ay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuruçay (sortu gabe)">Kuruçay</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Aras_(ibaia)" title="Aras (ibaia)">Aras</a> ibaien bidez eta <a href="/wiki/Persiar_golkoa" title="Persiar golkoa">Persiako golkora</a> <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Eufrates" title="Eufrates">Eufrates</a> ibaien bidez. Banalerroaren mendebaleko eta iparraldeko ura <a href="/wiki/Itsaso_Beltza" title="Itsaso Beltza">Itsaso Beltzera</a> doa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kizil_Irmak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kizil Irmak (sortu gabe)">Kizil Irmak</a> (Halys) eta <a href="/wiki/Sakarya_(ibaia)" title="Sakarya (ibaia)">Sakarya</a> ibaien bidez. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yesil_Irmak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yesil Irmak (sortu gabe)">Yesil Irmak</a> (Iris) ibaiak ere Itsaso Beltzean isurtzen du ura. Anatoliako mendebaleko ura Marmarako eta <a href="/wiki/Egeo" title="Egeo">Egeo</a> itsasoetara doa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Susurluk_ibai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susurluk ibai (sortu gabe)">Susurluk ibaiaren</a>, eta <a href="/wiki/Gediz" title="Gediz">Gediz</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Buyukmenderes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buyukmenderes (sortu gabe)">Buyukmenderes</a> ibaien bidez. Ura Mediterraneo itsasora isurtzen dutenen artean, aipatzekoak dira <a href="/w/index.php?title=Goksu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goksu (sortu gabe)">Goksu</a> (Calycadnus), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seyhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seyhan (sortu gabe)">Seyhan</a> (Sarus), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceyhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ceyhan (sortu gabe)">Ceyhan</a> (Pyramus) eta <a href="/wiki/Orontes" title="Orontes">Orontes</a> (Asi) ibaiak. Anatoliako aintzira handienak ekialdeko <a href="/wiki/Van" title="Van">Van</a>, erdialdeko Tuz (munduko gatz kopuru handiena duena: % 32,2) eta hego-mendebaleko <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beysehir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beysehir (sortu gabe)">Beysehir</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Egridir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egridir (sortu gabe)">Egridir</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burdur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burdur (sortu gabe)">Burdur</a> dira. Urtegi handiak ere badira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klima_eta_landaredia">Klima eta landaredia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Klima eta landaredia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Klima eta landaredia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkiako klimak alde handiak ditu lurraldeko toki batetik bestera. Oro har, kostaldeak klima samur hezea du; barnealdeak berriz, hotza eta lehorra. </p><p>Mediterraneoko motako txapar-landaredia, sastraka eta zuhaixkak hazten dira Turkiako hegoalde, mendebal eta ipar-mendebalean. Itsaso Beltzeko kostaldean eta iparraldeko mendietan pinudi handiak dira. <a href="/wiki/Antiokia" title="Antiokia">Antiokiako</a> barnealdean berriz estepako landaredia da, lehorreko belar motz eta zuhaixkekin. Turkiako bertako zuhaitzen artean aipatzekoak dira haritza, pinua, zedroa, palmondoa eta izaia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demografia">Demografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Demografia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Demografia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable; style="> <tbody><tr> <th>Urte</th> <th>Biztanleria </th></tr> <tr> <td>1927</td> <td>13.554.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1930</td> <td>14.440.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1940</td> <td>17.728.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1950</td> <td>20.807.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960</td> <td>27.506.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970</td> <td>35.321.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980</td> <td>44.439.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990</td> <td>55.120.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000</td> <td>64.252.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td>73.003.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012</td> <td>75.627.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Erreferentzia</b>: Turkstat<sup id="cite_ref-pop27-11_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pop27-11-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Anatoliako penintsula herri askoren bizitoki izan da. Mediterraneo aldeko ezaugarriak zituen biztanleria Mongoliako ezaugarriak zituenarekin nahastu zen <a href="/wiki/XI._mendea" title="XI. mendea">XI. mendean</a>, Asiako erdialdetik turkiarrak eta mongoliarrak sartu baitziren lurraldean. Gaur egungo biztanleak nahasketa horien ondorengoak dira, baina, hala ere, Mediterraneo aldeko ezaugarriak nagusi dira biztanleengan, itsasoaldekoengan batez ere. Turkiarrez gainera, ur banalerrotik ekialdera, hego-ekialdeko eremu zabala hartzen duten kurduak (% 10,6), Siriarekin muga egiten duen aldeko arabiarrak (% 1,6) eta hiri nagusietan bizi diren armeniarrak, greziarrak eta juduak ere badira. Biztanle gehienen ama hizkuntza turkiera da, baina, batez ere, <a href="/wiki/Kurduera" title="Kurduera">kurduera</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabiera</a>, eta baita grekoa, armeniera eta hebreera ere erabiltzen dira. Erlijioz Turkiako ia biztanle guztiak islamaren jarraitzaileak dira, musulman <a href="/wiki/Sunismo" title="Sunismo">sunniak</a> gehienbat. Turkiako biztanleriak oso ugaltze bizkorra izan du XX. mendean zehar, jaiotza tasa oso handia izan baita, eta heriotza tasa, berriz, gero eta txikiagoa da: 1960an, jaiotza tasa % 43koa zen eta heriotza tasa, berriz, % 16koa; 1990ean berriz jaiotza tasa % 30koa eta heriotza tasa % 8,4koa izan ziren. Azken hamarraldietan, jende asko hirietara joan da bizitzera: 1950ean biztanleen % 25 bizi zen hirietan, eta 1995ean, aldiz, % 70era iritsi zen hiritarren kopurua. Exodo horrek hiri nagusien inguruan <a href="/wiki/Txabola_auzo" title="Txabola auzo">txabola auzo</a> ugari sortzea ekarri du, Istanbulen (6,6 milioi biztanle 1990ean) eta Ankaran (2,6 milioi) batez ere. Biztanle dentsitatea apala da oso (80 bizt./km<sup>2</sup>), baina batez besteko horrek ezkutatu egiten ditu eskualde batetik bestera dauden aldeak: alde batetik, Istanbul ingurua, Egeo eta Mediterraneo itsasoen kostaldea, hego-ekialdeko Anatolia, eta beste aldetik, erdialdeko eta ekialdeko Anatolia eta Itsaso Beltzeko kostaldea. Dena dela, hego-ekialdeko Anatolia kasu berezia da: alde batetik, hazkunde natural bereziki handia du, eta beste aldetik, 1984. urteaz geroztik turkiar gudarostearen eta separatista kurduen artean izan diren borrokek biztanle asko lekuz aldatzea ekarri dute (1995ean milioi bat lagunek utzi zuten beren bizitokia); soroak hustu egin dira eta hiriak iheslariz bete. Gerra egoera horrek eskualde hartako garapen ekonomikoa jartzen du kolokan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Historia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Historia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Turkiako_historia" title="Turkiako historia">Turkiako historia</a>»</div> <p>Gaur egungo Turkiako lurraldean munduko hiri zaharrenetako baten aztarnak aurkitu dira: Neolitoko <a href="/wiki/%C3%87atal_H%C3%BCy%C3%BCk" class="mw-redirect" title="Çatal Hüyük">Çatal Hüyükeko</a> zibilizazioa (<a href="/wiki/K.a._6._milurtekoa" title="K.a. 6. milurtekoa">K.a. 6500–5700</a>). K.a. 3000. urte inguruan <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">mesopotamiarrek</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">siriarrek</a> salerosketak egin izan zituzten lurraldean sortu ziren hiri-estatuekin. K.a. 1900 inguruan, asiriarrek eta <a href="/wiki/Amoriar" class="mw-redirect" title="Amoriar">amoriarrek</a> merkataritza harremanetarako koloniak sortu zituzten Kapadozian. K.a. XVIII. eta XII. mendeetan, erreinu (hititak, hurritak&) eta greziarren hiri batzuk (<a href="/wiki/Mileto" title="Mileto">Mileto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Efeso" title="Efeso">Efeso</a>) finkatu ziren lurraldean. Geroago, <a href="/wiki/Frigia" title="Frigia">frigiarrek</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Lidia" title="Lidia">lidiarrek</a> lurraldeko mendebala hartu zuten, eta ekialdean, gaur egungo armeniarren sorterriak, <a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartuko</a> erreinu ahaltsuak, hartu zuen bizitokia. <a href="/wiki/K.a._VI._mendea" title="K.a. VI. mendea">K.a. VI. mendean</a> persiar <a href="/wiki/Akemenestar_Inperioa" title="Akemenestar Inperioa">akemenestarrek</a> lurralde osoa beretu zuten, mende batzuk lehenago greziarrek kostaldean sortu zituzten hiriak barne. Bi mende geroago, <a href="/wiki/Alexandro_Handia" title="Alexandro Handia">Alexandro Handiak</a> <a href="/wiki/Persiar_Inperioa" title="Persiar Inperioa">Persiako inperioa</a> konkistatu zuen, eta Asia Txikiaren helenizazioa ekarri zuen. <a href="/wiki/K.a._I._mendea" title="K.a. I. mendea">K.a. I. mendean</a>, Erromak ia lurralde osoa hartu zuen. Armeniako erreinuak, ordea, burujabetasuna gorde zuen, mendebaleko Erromako Inperioaren eta ekialdeko partiarren erreinuaren artean. K. o. IV. mendean, Konstantino I.a Handia enperadoreak (306-337) Bizantzio hartu zuen hiriburutzat, Itsaso Beltzaren sarreran. Konstantinopla izena eman zion hiriari, eta handik gutxira, Ekialdeko Erromako inperioaren hiriburua zelarik, Europako hiri handien bilakatu zen. Teodosio enperadorearen heriotzarekin inperioa bitan banatu zenean (395), Konstantinopla Bizantzioko inperioko hiriburu izan zen (<i>ik</i>. Bizantzioko Inperioa). Inperioak Mazedoniako dinastiarekin izan zituen urterik oparoenak (<a href="/wiki/867" title="867">867</a>–<a href="/wiki/1057" title="1057">1057</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anatoliako_historia,_turkiarren_aurretik"><span id="Anatoliako_historia.2C_turkiarren_aurretik"></span>Anatoliako historia, turkiarren aurretik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Anatoliako historia, turkiarren aurretik»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Anatoliako historia, turkiarren aurretik"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:HittiteGoddessAndChildAnatolia15th-13thCenturyBCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HittiteGoddessAndChildAnatolia15th-13thCenturyBCE.jpg/200px-HittiteGoddessAndChildAnatolia15th-13thCenturyBCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HittiteGoddessAndChildAnatolia15th-13thCenturyBCE.jpg/300px-HittiteGoddessAndChildAnatolia15th-13thCenturyBCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HittiteGoddessAndChildAnatolia15th-13thCenturyBCE.jpg/400px-HittiteGoddessAndChildAnatolia15th-13thCenturyBCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="1150" /></a><figcaption>Jainkosa eta Haur <a href="/wiki/Hitita" title="Hitita">hititak</a> (K.a. XV-XIII. mendea)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatoliako penintsula</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Asia Minor</a> ere deitua <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_Erroma" title="Antzinako Erroma">erromatar garaietan</a>), egungo Turkiaren zati nagusia, gizakiaren bizileku zaharrenetakoa da, <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> artean kokatuta. Aurreneko <a href="/wiki/Neolito" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolito">Neolitoko</a> herrixkak munduko lehenengo bizitokien artean sailkatzen dira. Idatzitako historian zehar, Anatolian <a href="/wiki/Indoeuropar_hizkuntzak" title="Indoeuropar hizkuntzak">hizkuntza indo-europarrak</a>, semitikoak eta kartveliarrak mintzatu dira, baita eratorri ezezaguneko beste batzuk ere. Are gehiago, <a href="/wiki/Hitita" title="Hitita">hitita</a> eta luwiera hizkuntzen antzinakotasuna aintzat hartuta, zenbait adituk (tartean <a href="/w/index.php?title=A._C._Renfrew&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. C. Renfrew (sortu gabe)">A. C. Renfrewek</a>), Anatolia proposatu dute indo-europarren hizkuntzen hedapenaren abiapuntutzat (ikusi: <a href="/wiki/Anatoliako_hipotesia" title="Anatoliako hipotesia">Anatoliako hipotesia</a>). </p><p>Tokiko lehen inperio garrantzitsua hititena izan zen, <a href="/wiki/K.a._XVIII._mendea" title="K.a. XVIII. mendea">K.a. XVIII. mendetik</a> <a href="/wiki/K.a._XIII._mendea" title="K.a. XIII. mendea">K.a. XIII. mendera</a> arte. Ondoren, frigiarrak etorri ziren, harik eta zimmeriarrek haien erresuma eraitsi zuten arte (<a href="/wiki/K.a._VII._mendea" title="K.a. VII. mendea">K.a. VII. mendea</a>). Frigien ondorengo boteretsuenak <a href="/wiki/Lidia" title="Lidia">Lidia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karia" title="Karia">Karia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Lizia" title="Lizia">Lizia</a> izan ziren. Lidiarrek eta liziarrek hizkuntza indo-europarretan hitz egiten zuten. </p><p>Bitartean, ioniarrak, antzinako greziar herria, finkatu ziren Anatoliako mendebaldean. Alde osoa pertsiar akemendidarren inperioak konkistatu zuen <a href="/wiki/K.a._VI._mendea" title="K.a. VI. mendea">K.a. VI.</a> eta <a href="/wiki/K.a._V._mendea" title="K.a. V. mendea">V. mendeetan</a>. Horren ostean, <a href="/wiki/Alexandro_Handia" title="Alexandro Handia">Alexandro Handiak</a> bereganatu zuen <a href="/wiki/K.a._334" title="K.a. 334">K.a. 334an</a>. Konkistatzaile handiaren heriotzaren ondoren, Anatolia erresuma helenistiko txikien artean banandu zen (<a href="/wiki/Bitinia" title="Bitinia">Bitinia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kapadozia" title="Kapadozia">Kapadozia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pergamo" title="Pergamo">Pergamo</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Ponto" title="Ponto">Ponto</a>). Horiek guztiek erromatarren aurrean amore eman zuten <a href="/wiki/K.a._I._mendea" title="K.a. I. mendea">K.a. I. menderako</a>. <a href="/wiki/Erromatar_Inperioa" title="Erromatar Inperioa">Erromatar Inperioan</a> barna, K. o. <a href="/wiki/324" title="324">324an</a> <a href="/wiki/Konstantino" title="Konstantino">Konstantino</a> enperadoreak <a href="/wiki/Bizantzio" title="Bizantzio">Bizantzio</a> hiria inperioko hiriburu berritzat hartu zuen, Konstantinopla izena emanda. <a href="/wiki/Erromatar_Inperioaren_gainbehera" class="mw-redirect" title="Erromatar Inperioaren gainbehera">Mendebaldeko erromatar inperioaren erorketarekin</a>, Konstantinopla <a href="/wiki/Bizantziar_Inperioa" title="Bizantziar Inperioa">Bizantziar Inperioko</a> hiriburua bihurtu zen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkiarrak_eta_Otomandar_Inperioa">Turkiarrak eta Otomandar Inperioa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Turkiarrak eta Otomandar Inperioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Turkiarrak eta Otomandar Inperioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Otomandar_Inperio" class="mw-redirect" title="Otomandar Inperio">Otomandar Inperio</a>»</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Edirne_7333_Nevit.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Edirne_7333_Nevit.JPG/200px-Edirne_7333_Nevit.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Edirne_7333_Nevit.JPG/300px-Edirne_7333_Nevit.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Edirne_7333_Nevit.JPG/400px-Edirne_7333_Nevit.JPG 2x" data-file-width="731" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption>Selimiye meskita (<a href="/wiki/1574" title="1574">1574</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Seljuk etxea turkiarren adar bat zen, <a href="/wiki/IX._mendea" title="IX. mendea">IX. mendean</a> <a href="/wiki/Kaspiar_itsasoa" title="Kaspiar itsasoa">Kaspiar Itsaso</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Aral_itsasoa" title="Aral itsasoa">Aral itsasoaren</a> iparraldean kokatuta zegoena. <a href="/wiki/X._mendea" title="X. mendea">X. mendean</a>, seljukarrak mendebaldera mugitzen hasi ziren, Anatolia aldera. Manzikert (Malazgirt) batailaren ostean <a href="/wiki/1071" title="1071">1071n</a>, hor finkatu ziren. Horren ondorioz, Anatoliako seljuk sultanerria osatu zen, <a href="/wiki/Erdialdeko_Asia" title="Erdialdeko Asia">Asiako erdialdea</a> bereganatuta zeukan seljuk inperioaren adar independentea. <a href="/wiki/1243" title="1243">1243an</a>, seljukar armadak <a href="/wiki/Mongol" title="Mongol">mongoliarrek</a> garaitu eta suntsitu zituzten. Harez geroztik, inperioa, apurka, desegin egin zen. Kinka horretan, Osman I.a buru zuen turkiar estatua garatu zen, <a href="/wiki/Otomandar_Inperioa" title="Otomandar Inperioa">Otomandar Inperioa</a> eratu arte, seljukar eta bizantiarren hutsunea betetzeko. </p><p>Otomandar Inperioak mendebaldea eta ekialdea lotu zituen 623 urteko historian. <a href="/wiki/XVI._mendea" title="XVI. mendea">XVI.</a> eta <a href="/wiki/XVII._mendea" title="XVII. mendea">XVII. mendeetan</a>, munduko estaturik boteretsuenetakoa izan zen, <a href="/wiki/Balkanak" title="Balkanak">Balkanetan</a> zehar aurrera eginez. Alabaina, <a href="/wiki/XVIII._mendea" title="XVIII. mendea">XVIII.</a> eta <a href="/wiki/XIX._mendea" title="XIX. mendea">XIX. mendeetan</a> inperioaren gainbehera gertatu zen. </p><p>Bi mendeko gainbehera hartan, Otomandar Inperioa pixkanaka lurraldeak, botere militarra eta aberastasuna galduz joan zen. <a href="/wiki/Lehen_Mundu_Gerra" title="Lehen Mundu Gerra">Lehen Mundu Gerran</a> sartu zen, <a href="/wiki/Erdialdeko_Inperioak" title="Erdialdeko Inperioak">Erdialdeko Inperioen</a> alde, eta azkenean gerra galdu zuten. Gerratean, gutxi gorabehera 1,5 milioi armeniar deportatu zituen Turkiako Gobernuak, <a href="/wiki/Armeniar_genozidioa" title="Armeniar genozidioa">armeniar genozidioan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sarraski handiak egin zituzten, orobat, inperioko beste <a href="/wiki/Kristautasun" title="Kristautasun">kristau</a> gutxiengo batzuen aurka: <a href="/wiki/Asiriar" title="Asiriar">asiriarren</a>, otomandar greziarren eta <a href="/wiki/Ponto" title="Ponto">Pontoko</a> greziarren aurka, alegia.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudrosko_armistizioa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mudrosko armistizioa (sortu gabe)">Mudrosko armistizioaren</a> ondoren (1918ko urriaren 30a), <a href="/wiki/Lehen_Mundu_Gerrako_Aliatuak" title="Lehen Mundu Gerrako Aliatuak">Aliatuek</a> Otomandar Inperioaren lurrak banatu zituzten, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8vresko_Ituna" title="Sèvresko Ituna">Sèvresko Itunaren</a> bidez.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XX._mendea">XX. mendea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «XX. mendea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: XX. mendea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908an</a>, «Turkiar gazteak» higikunde erreformazaleak <a href="/wiki/Abdulhamid_II.a" title="Abdulhamid II.a">Abdulhamid II.a</a> sultana <a href="/wiki/1876" title="1876">1876</a>. urteko konsituzioa hartzera eta, geroxeago, aginpidea uztera behartu zuen. Haren ordez, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_V.a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad V.a (sortu gabe)">Muhammad V.a</a> ezarri zuten aginpidean (<a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a>–<a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>). Autoritarismoa eta ultranazionalismoa bultzatu zituzten eta <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lehen_Mundu_Gerra" title="Lehen Mundu Gerra">Lehen Mundu Gerran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austriaren</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Alemania" title="Alemania">Alemaniaren</a> alde egin zuten. Orduko, Balkanetako gerren ondoren (<a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>–13), otomandarrek Europan zituzten lurraldeetatik <a href="/wiki/Trazia" title="Trazia">Traziako</a> ekialdea baino ez zuten gorde ahal izan. Gainera, turkiar abertzaletasunaren berpiztearekin batera, arabiar, <a href="/wiki/Kurdu" title="Kurdu">kurdu</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Armeniar" title="Armeniar">armeniarrekiko</a> gatazkak hasi ziren. Turkiarrek sekulako sarraskia egin zuten armeniarren artean (<a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a>–96 eta 1915–16); bi milioi armeniar inguru hil zituzten Lehen Mundu Gerran, eta bizirik geratu zirenak herrialdetik alde egitera behartu zituzten («<a href="/wiki/Armeniar_genozidioa" title="Armeniar genozidioa">Armeniako genozidioa</a>» izenaz ezagutzen dena). Harrezkero, armeniarren eta turkiarren arteko gatazkak ez du konponbiderik izan, turkiarrek ez baitute genozidio hura bere gain hartu nahi izan. <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a>–1918 urteetako gerran, Turkiako gudarosteek, <a href="/wiki/Dardaneloak" title="Dardaneloak">Dardanelo</a> babesten onik atera baziren ere, Arabiako probintzietan sekulako hondamendia izan zuten. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Errepublika">Errepublika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Errepublika»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Errepublika"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Greko-turkiar_gerra_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greko-turkiar gerra (1919–1922)">Greko-turkiar gerra (1919–1922)</a>»</div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lehen_Mundu_Gerra" title="Lehen Mundu Gerra">Lehen Mundu Gerrako</a> aliatuek <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Esmirna" title="Esmirna">Izmir</a> okupatzeak turkiar nazio mugimenduaren sorrera eragin zuen. <a href="/wiki/Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Pasha</a> Gallipoliko guduan nabarmendu zen buru militarraren gidaritzapean, <a href="/wiki/Turkiako_Independentzia_Gerra" title="Turkiako Independentzia Gerra">Turkiako Independentzia Gerra</a> piztu zen <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8vresko_Ituna" title="Sèvresko Ituna">Sèvresko Ituna</a> bertan behera utzi nahian. <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Irailaren_18" title="Irailaren 18">irailaren 18rako</a>, armada okupatzaileak botata, herrialdeak turkiar estatu berriaren jaiotza ikusi zuen. <a href="/wiki/Azaroaren_1" title="Azaroaren 1">Azaroaren 1ean</a>, ofizialki sultanerria, eta, hortaz, 623 urte iraun zuen otomandar agintea, desegin zen. <a href="/wiki/Lausanako_Hitzarmena" title="Lausanako Hitzarmena">Lausanako Itunaren</a> bidez (<a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>), nazioartean Turkiako Errepublika onetsi zen, Otomandar Inperioaren ondorengo gisan. </p><p>Mustafa Kemal errepublikako lehendabiziko presidente bihurtu zen. Segituan erreforma andana jarri zituen abian, errepublika sekular bat eratu nahi baitzuen, iragan otomandarra baztertuz. Mustafa Kemal <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934an</a> Turkiako Parlamentuak <a href="/wiki/Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Kemal Atatürk">Kemal Atatürk</a> (turkiarren aita) izendatu zuen. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bigarren_Mundu_Gerra" title="Bigarren Mundu Gerra">Bigarren Mundu Gerran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bigarren_Mundu_Gerrako_aliatuak" class="mw-redirect" title="Bigarren Mundu Gerrako aliatuak">Aliatuen</a> alde egin zuen Turkiak eta <a href="/wiki/1945" title="1945">1945eko</a> <a href="/wiki/Otsailaren_23" title="Otsailaren 23">otsailaren 23an</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nazio_Batuen_Erakundea" title="Nazio Batuen Erakundea">Nazio Batuen Erakundeko</a> kide 1945ean bertan bihurtu zen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greziako_Iraultza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greziako Iraultza (sortu gabe)">Greziako Iraultza</a> komunista eta <a href="/wiki/Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna" title="Sobietar Errepublika Sozialisten Batasuna">Sobiet Batasunak</a> Turkian gune militarrak kokatzeko asmoak zirela eta, <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">AEBek</a> <a href="/wiki/Truman_doktrina" title="Truman doktrina">Truman doktrina</a> plazaratu zuten. Horren bidez, Turkia eta Greziako segurtasuna bermatu zuten AEBek eta, horren ondorioz, amerikarren babes militarra eta ekonomikoa jaso zuten. <a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952an</a> <a href="/wiki/Ipar_Atlantikoko_Itunaren_Erakundea" title="Ipar Atlantikoko Itunaren Erakundea">NATOn</a> sartu zen Turkia. </p><p>Alderdi politiko bakarreko aldia 1945ean amaitu zen. Alderdi anitzeko aldian gorabehera sutsuak gertatu ziren. <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960an</a>, <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971n</a> eta <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980an</a> armadak estatu-kolpeak egin zituen. <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997an</a> antzeko zerbait ere gertatu zen. <a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zipre" title="Zipre">Zipren</a> sartu zuen armada Turkiak, elkarren kontrako bortizkeriak 10 urte iraun ondoren eta <a href="/wiki/Atenas" title="Atenas">Atenasek</a> bultzatutako estatu-kolpe baten ondoren halaber. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1945etik_aurrera">1945etik aurrera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «1945etik aurrera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: 1945etik aurrera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1950ean, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alderdi_Demokratiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alderdi Demokratiko (sortu gabe)">Alderdi Demokratikoak</a> eskuratu zuen aginpidea, <a href="/wiki/Celal_Bayar" class="mw-redirect" title="Celal Bayar">Celal Bayar</a> lehendakariarekin eta <a href="/wiki/Adnan_Menderes" title="Adnan Menderes">Adnan Menderes</a> Lehen ministroarekin. Turkia NATOn sartu zen, baina krisi ekonomikoa areagotu zen, eta Menderesek, askatasunak murriztu eta diktadore baten gisa gobernatu zuen. 1960an, militarrek, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gursel_jenerala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gursel jenerala (sortu gabe)">Gursel jeneralaren</a> gidaritzapean, hartu zuten aginpidea, konstituzio berri bat egin zuten, eta gobernua eta Alderdi Demokratikoko buruzagiak espetxeratu zituzten. Demeresi eta beste buruzagi batzuei heriotza zigorra eman zieten. 1961eko hauteskundeetan, Gurselek lehendakaritza gorde zuen, eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ismet_Inonuk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ismet Inonuk (sortu gabe)">Ismet Inonuk</a>, HAEko buruak, lortu zuen Lehen ministro kargua. 1965ean Justiziaren Alderdiko (JA; Alderdi Demokratiko ohia) buruzagiak, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suleiman_Demirel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suleiman Demirel (sortu gabe)">Suleiman Demirel</a> kontserbadoreak, hartu zuen Inonuken tokia. 1980ko estatu kolpea arte, HAEko Bulent Ecevit sozialdemokratak eta JAko Demirelek txandaka gobernatu zuten, koalizio gobernu ahulak osatuz. Bien bitartean, barne egoerak okerrera egin zuen: krisi ekonomiko larria, oinarrizko eskubideen debekua, atxiloketak, islamiarren eta ezkerreko zein eskuin muturreko taldeen atentatuak, armeniarren eta kurduen burujabetasunaren aldeko borroka, etab. Eskuindarrek, Demirelen agintaldietan, gero eta aginpide handiagoa lortu zuten. Bestalde, 1974an, Turkiako gudarostea Zipreko uhartean lehorreratu zen, <a href="/wiki/Makarios_III.a" title="Makarios III.a">Makarios III.ari</a> lehendakaritza kendu zioten greziar koronelen estatu kolpea galarazi nahian. Turkiaren eta Greziaren arteko gerra doi-doi saihestu ahal izan zen. 1980an, hirugarren aldiz hogei urtetan, <a href="/wiki/1980ko_Turkiako_estatu-kolpea" title="1980ko Turkiako estatu-kolpea">militarrez osatutako batzorde batek hartu zuen aginpidea</a>. Batzordeak, <a href="/wiki/Kenan_Evren" title="Kenan Evren">Kenan Evren</a> jeneralaren agintaritzapean, aginpidea zibilei itzultzeko asmoa zuela jakinarazi zuen. 1982an, konstituzio berri bat onartu zen, oinarrizko eskubideak murriztuak onartzen zituena, eta militarrek aginpide osoa itzultzeko borondatea ez zutela agerian uzten zuena. 1983ko hauteskundeetan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ama_Aberriaren_Alderdia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ama Aberriaren Alderdia (sortu gabe)">Ama Aberriaren Alderdia</a> (AAA) alderdiko <a href="/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal">Turgut Ozal</a> atera zen garaile, eta gobernuko buruzagitza eskuratu zuen, baina estatuko lehendakaritza militarren mende geratu zen. 1987an, Turkiak Europako Elkartean sartzeko eskaera egin zuen. 1989ean, Turgut Ozal errepublikako lehendakari hautatu zuten, <a href="/wiki/Kenan_Evren" title="Kenan Evren">Kenan Evrenen</a> ordez. Ozal Europako mendebaldeko politikaren jarraitzaile izan da, eta 1990ean, Persiako Golkoko gerran, Iraken aurkako herrialdeekin bat egin zuen; soldaduak bidali ez bazituen ere, Turkiak aireportu militarrak eta estatubatuar baseak erabiltzeko baimena eman zuen. Ankara beldur zen Irakeko Kurdistanen independentziak kutsatuko zituen Turkiako kurduak. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kurdu" title="Kurdu">Kurduak</a> guztira 19 milioi dira eta lau herrialdetan daude banatuta, Turkia, Siria, Iran eta Irak-en. Turkian bertan bizi dira kurdu gehienak ez zaie ezagutzen ez beren hizkuntza ez kultura. 1991ko urrian Turkiako gudarosteak Langileen Alderdi Kurduaren (PKK) baseak bonbardatu zituen Iraken iparraldean. Kurduen arabera, zeinbat herri ere bonbardatu zituzten. Urte horretako legebiltzarrerako hauteskundeetan, Soliman Demirel-en Bide Zuzeneko Alderdiak (DYP) irabazi zuen, botoen % 27 atera zuen eta Alderdi Sozialdemokratarekin elkartu behar izan zuen koalizioan. Higikunde fundamentalistek ezik, gainerako alderdi guztiek Europar Batasunean sartzea ezinbestekoa zela uste zuten, eta lehentasuna zen Turkiarentzat. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Purple_roof_women%C2%B4s_shelter_foundatio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Purple roof women´s shelter foundatio (sortu gabe)">Purple roof women´s shelter foundation</a> emakumeen erakundeak hainbat ikerketa egin zituen 1991n emakumeen kontrako gizonezkoen gogorkeriari buruz. Emaitzen arabera, gizonezkoen % 45ek ondo ikusten zuen emakumeak zigortzea senarraren nahia betetzen ez zutenean; eta ikerketa horrek adierazten zuen lau emakume ezkongabetik batek eta hiru emakume ezkondutatik batek indarkeria jasaten zuela. Urte horretan bertan, Demirel Lehen ministroak bidaia bat egin zuen Turkia hego-ekialdeko kurduen lurraldeetara eta herri kurduaren nortasuna onartu zuen. 1992an <a href="/wiki/Kurdistango_Langileen_Alderdia" title="Kurdistango Langileen Alderdia">PKKk</a> adierazi zuen behin-behineko gerra gobernua osatuko zuela eta biltzar nazional bat antolatuko zuela <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistanen</a> egoitzatzat hartzen den lurraldean, Turkia eta Irak hartzen dituen estatuan, hain zuzen. Baina egun gutxira, hainbat altxamendu izan zen hego-ekialdeko probintzietan eta borroka gogorrak izan ziren gerrillari kurduen eta gudarostearen artean. Gobernuak hitzarmen bat izenpetu zuen Siriarekin kurduen higikunde terroristei aurre egiteko. Baina <a href="/wiki/Europako_Kontseilua" title="Europako Kontseilua">Europako Kontseiluak</a> eskatu zion Turkiari kurduen kontrako errepresioa gutxiagotzeko. Hala, Turkiak amnistia eman zien bost mila preso politikori eta baimena eman zuen kurduerazko bi egunkari kaleratzeko. 1993an Turgut Ozal presidentea hil zenean, Demirel Lehen ministro ohia hautatu zuten haren ondorengo, eta <a href="/wiki/Tansu_Ciller" class="mw-redirect" title="Tansu Ciller">Tansu Ciller</a> emakumea izendatu zuten Lehen ministro. PKK-k su-etena adierazi zuen, eta aipatu zuen prest zegoela Kurdistango estatu independentea osatzeko asmoa baztertzeko, baldin eta gobernuarekin negoziazioak hasten baziren. Baina gobernuak ez zion erantzun sendorik eman eta gerrari ekitea erabaki zuten gerrillari kurduek. Hainbat ekintza egin zituzten Europan, Alemanian batez ere. Gudarostearen erantzuna ere gogorra izan zen, eta ehunka kurduek beren herriak utzi behar izan zituzten; aldi berean, Irakeko Kurdistan bonbardatu zuten (1994). 1995eko hauteskundeetan alderdi islamistak gora egin zuen (PP) eta DYP-k koalizio gobernu bat osatu behar izan zuen islamistekin. 1996an <a href="/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan" title="Necmettin Erbakan">Necmettin Erbakan</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamismo" title="Islamismo">islamista</a> gobernu buru izendatu zuten. Baina 1997an gudarosteko talde batek frogak aurkeztu zituen: PP alderdiak erakunde islamiko legez kanpokoekin lotura estua zuela erakusten zuten froga haiek. Hala, Erbakan kargutik kentzea erabaki zuen presidenteak eta Gorte Konstituzionalak herrialdea gerra zibilaren arriskuan jartzeaz salatu zuen. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkiako_Giza_Eskubideen_Elkartea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkiako Giza Eskubideen Elkartea (sortu gabe)">Turkiako Giza Eskubideen Elkarteak</a> azaldu zuen 1997an zehar 114 lagun hil zirela Turkian atxiloturik zeudela, 366k torturak salatu zituztela eta 66 pertsona desagertu zirela. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Banaketa_administratiboa">Banaketa administratiboa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Banaketa administratiboa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Banaketa administratiboa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Probintzia_eta_eskualdeak">Probintzia eta eskualdeak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Probintzia eta eskualdeak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Probintzia eta eskualdeak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Turkiaren_banaketa_administratiboa" title="Turkiaren banaketa administratiboa">Turkiaren banaketa administratiboa</a>»</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Turkey_Provinces.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Turkiako probintziak"><img alt="Turkiako probintziak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Turkey_Provinces.png/450px-Turkey_Provinces.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Turkey_Provinces.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="228" /></a><figcaption>Turkiako probintziak</figcaption></figure> <p>Turkia 81 probintziatan banatua dago, <i>iller</i> izenekoak (singularrean <i>il</i>). Probintziaren izena hiriburuarena beraren da, salbuespen hauekin: Hatay (hiriburua Antakya), Kocaeli (hiriburua İzmit) eta Sakarya (hiriburua Adapazarı). Probintziak gobernadore baten aginpean daude, <i>vali</i> izenekoa, Gobernu zentralak izendatua. Probintziak barrutitan banatzen dira (<i>ilçeler</i>, singularrean <i>ilçe</i>). </p><p>Geografikoki, Turkia 8 eskualdetan banatzen da: <a href="/wiki/Trazia" title="Trazia">Trazia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itsaso_Beltza" title="Itsaso Beltza">Itsaso Beltzeko</a> Kosta, <a href="/wiki/Marmarako_itsasoa" title="Marmarako itsasoa">Marmara</a> itsasoa, <a href="/wiki/Egeo" title="Egeo">Egeoko</a> Kosta, <a href="/wiki/Mediterraneoa" title="Mediterraneoa">Mediterraneoko</a> Kosta, Mendebaldeko <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, Erdialdeko Anatolia, Hego-ekialdeko Anatolia eta Ekialdeko Anatolia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hiri_nagusiak">Hiri nagusiak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hiri nagusiak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Hiri nagusiak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><b><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></b>: 14.025.646 (<a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015eko</a> estimazioa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>: 4.587.558</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Izmir">Izmir</a>: 2.847.691</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a>: 1.854.285</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a>: 1.563.545</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaziantep" title="Gaziantep">Gaziantep</a>: 1.495.050</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konya" title="Konya">Konya</a>: 1.003.373</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Antalya</a>: 955.573</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayseri" title="Kayseri">Kayseri</a>: 911.984</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersin" title="Mersin">Mersin</a>: 842.230</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politika">Politika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Politika»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Politika"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:2009_G-20_Pittsburgh_summit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/2009_G-20_Pittsburgh_summit.jpg/220px-2009_G-20_Pittsburgh_summit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/2009_G-20_Pittsburgh_summit.jpg/330px-2009_G-20_Pittsburgh_summit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/2009_G-20_Pittsburgh_summit.jpg/440px-2009_G-20_Pittsburgh_summit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1998" data-file-height="1393" /></a><figcaption>Turkia <a href="/wiki/G-20" class="mw-redirect" title="G-20">G-20ko</a> bileran</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Datu politikoak: <ul><li>Gobernu-mota: alderdi anitzeko errepublika. Ganbera legegile bakarra, 600 (2018eko erreforma) kide dituena.</li> <li>Estatuburua: lehendakaria. 2014eko erreformaz geroz presidente hauteskundetan aukeratua</li> <li>Gobernuburua: lehen ministroa.</li> <li>Banaketa administratiboa: 76 probintzia.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gobernua_eta_gizartea">Gobernua eta gizartea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gobernua eta gizartea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Gobernua eta gizartea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkia errepublika bat da, demokrazia parlamentarioko gobernu sistema duena. <a href="/wiki/Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Ataturkek</a> sortu zuen errepublika, <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Urriaren_29" title="Urriaren 29">urriaren 29an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otomandar_Inperioa" title="Otomandar Inperioa">Inperio Otomandarra</a> desegina zenean. Harrezkero, Turkiako ekonomiak eta politikak gorabehera handiak izan dituzte. Ataturkek <a href="/wiki/Kemalismo" title="Kemalismo">Turkia modernoaren oinarri ideologikoak</a> ezarri zituen, eta gizartean, erlijioan, politikan eta hizkuntzan eragin zituen aldaketak eztabaidagai dira gaur egun ere. Bien bitartean, gobernuak, batzuetan militarra besteetan parlamentarioa, arazo handiak izan zituen behin-behineko egoera politikoa gainditzen. <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980an</a>, militarrek aginpide osoa hartu zuten, alderdi politikoak debekatu zituzten, Parlamentua deuseztatu, eta lehen ministroa eta lehendakaria kargutik kendu zituzten. Sei militarrez osatutako batzorde batek hartu zuen aginpidea, eta batzordeko lehendakariak zuen estatu buruzagitza. 1982ko konstituzio berriak, herrialdea gudarostearen mendean utzi arren, errejimen parlamentarioa onartu zuen: Nazio Biltzarrak gobernuaren erabakien gaineko erantzunkizuna du. </p><p>Errepublika sortu zenean, Turkiako hamar biztanletatik batek baino ez zekien irakurtzen; gaur egun, 15 urtetik gorako gizonezkoen % 87 eta emakumezkoen % 64 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfabetatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfabetatu (sortu gabe)">alfabetatuak</a> daude. Osasunari dagokionez, eritasun kutsakorren ondorioz hiltzen direnak eta, baita, jaioberritan hiltzen diren haurrak ere, herrialde aurreratuenetan baino gehiago izanik ere, Turkiako osasun egoerak onera egin du <a href="/wiki/XX._mendea" title="XX. mendea">XX. mendearen</a> erdialdeaz geroztik. Turkiarren batez besteko bizi itxaropena 62 urtekoa da gizonezkoentzat eta 66 urtekoa emakumezkoentzat. Bestalde, errenta txikiak, demografiaren hazkundeak eta herritik hirirako emigrazioak etxe falta ekarri du; hiri nagusiak oinarrizko azpiegiturarik ez duten aldiriez inguratuak daude. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gai_politiko_korapilotsuak">Gai politiko korapilotsuak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Gai politiko korapilotsuak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Gai politiko korapilotsuak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armeniar_genozidioa" title="Armeniar genozidioa">Armeniar genozidioa</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lehen_Mundu_Gerra" title="Lehen Mundu Gerra">Lehen Mundu Gerraren</a> garaian eta ondoren Turkiako Gobernuak «historian zientifikoki planifikatu, antolatu eta gauzatu zen lehenengo genozidioa» egin zuen.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turkiako Gobernuak oraindik ez du genozidio hori onartu: sarraskiak izan zirela dio, baina Turkiako Gobernuaren erantzukizuna ukatzen du, eta horixe du <a href="/wiki/Europar_Batasuna" title="Europar Batasuna">Europar Batasunean</a> sartzeko oztopoetako bat. Era berean, ukazio horren ondorioz, harreman tirabiratsuak ditu <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armeniarekin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Ameriketako Estatu Batuekin</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eta <a href="/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia">Frantziarekin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> besteak beste. Turkian, gainera, tabua da genozidio horren gaia, eta hainbat intelektual epaitu dituzte horretaz jarduteagatik.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistango</a> gatazka: Turkiaren baitan hedatzen da Kurdistango lurralde gehiena. Herrialde biren arteko harreman historikoa gora-beheratsua eta gatazkatsua izan da, gaur egun ere gatazka konpondu gabe segitzen du.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomia">Ekonomia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ekonomia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:LeventPano3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/LeventPano3.jpg/200px-LeventPano3.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/LeventPano3.jpg/300px-LeventPano3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/LeventPano3.jpg/400px-LeventPano3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1043" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Levent, İstanbul</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lay_Square_in_Ankara,_Turkey.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lay_Square_in_Ankara%2C_Turkey.JPG/200px-K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lay_Square_in_Ankara%2C_Turkey.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lay_Square_in_Ankara%2C_Turkey.JPG/300px-K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lay_Square_in_Ankara%2C_Turkey.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lay_Square_in_Ankara%2C_Turkey.JPG/400px-K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lay_Square_in_Ankara%2C_Turkey.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Kızılay, Ankara</figcaption></figure> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Artikulu nagusia: «<a href="/wiki/Turkiako_ekonomia" title="Turkiako ekonomia">Turkiako ekonomia</a>»</div> <p>1996an, biztanle aktiboen % 46 lehen sektorean ziharduen lanean, % 22 bigarren sektorean (industria) eta % 32 hirugarren sektorean (zerbitzuak eta turismoa). Alde handiak daude, hala ere, eskualde batetik bestera banaketa horri dagokionez. <a href="/wiki/Langabezia" title="Langabezia">Langabezia</a> oso handia da (% 8 1995ean), baldintza txarreko lanpostuak ugariak dira, eta turkiar asko eta asko <a href="/wiki/Mendebaldeko_Europa" title="Mendebaldeko Europa">mendebaldeko Europara</a> eta inguruko herrialdeetara joan dira lan bila. Hala ere, Turkiako ekonomiak hazkunde bizkorra izan du: 1996an <a href="/wiki/BPG" class="mw-redirect" title="BPG">BPG</a> 182,5 mila milioi <a href="/wiki/Estatubatuar_dolar" title="Estatubatuar dolar">dolarrera</a> iritsi zen, eta urteko hazkunde tasa % 6,4koa izan zen. Baina zabaltze hori Turkiaren mendebaldeari dagokio batez ere, izan ere, ekialdeko <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatoliak</a> ekonomia egoera latza bizi baitu. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1970" title="1970">1970</a>. urtearen amaiera arte, Turkiako ekonomiaren bilakaera enpresa publikoetan oinarritzen zen (industria astunak, garraioak, bankuak, etab.), eta horiekin batera enpresa pribatu txiki ugari zeuden. Baina <a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Diru_Funtsa" title="Nazioarteko Diru Funtsa">Nazioarteko Diru Funtsak</a> horrela eskatuta, liberalizazioa eta ekonomiaren zabaltzea bideratu zen <a href="/wiki/1980" title="1980">1980</a>. urtetik aurrera. Politika horrek atzerriko inbertsioak erakarri zituen eta finantza holding handiak sortu ziren. Horrek guztiak, ordea, eragin gogorrak izan zituen gizartean: inflazioak gora jarraitzen zuen (% 80 1996an) eta atzerriko zorra ere handia zen (75 mila milioi dolar 1996an). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nekazaritza" title="Nekazaritza">Nekazaritzari</a> dagokionez, Turkia bi alderditan banatzen da: batetik, Anatoliako goi-ordokian garia eta garagarra lantzen dira eta ardiak hazten; kostaldean, aldiz, laboreak eta industria gaiak (kotoia, tea, tabakoa) eta merkataritza gaiak egiten dira (olibak, fruitu lehorrak). Nekazaritza jabetza txikietan oinarritzen da eta horrek azaltzen du nekazaritza hain atzeratua izatea. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">Energiari</a> dagokionez, Turkiak bere beharren erdia asetzen du, gutxi gorabehera, nahiz eta <a href="/wiki/Harrikatz" title="Harrikatz">ikatz</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Lignito" title="Lignito">lignito</a> hobi handiak dituen, eta baita <a href="/wiki/Petrolio" title="Petrolio">petrolio</a> hobiak ere Anatoliako hego-ekialdean. Lurralde horretako baliabide hidroelektrikoak ez dira erabat ustiatu, baina garrantzizko proiektuak daude maila horretan. </p><p>Industria Turkiaren mendebaldean biltzen da batez ere, eta jarduera nagusiak ehunaren eta elikagaien ingurukoak dira. <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> hiriburu administratiboa da, baina ez dago ia industriarik; <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbulen</a>, aldiz, industria arinak eta goi mailako teknologiako lantegi nagusiak daude. 1980. urteaz geroztik Turkiak ekonomiaren zabaltzea ezagutu zuen, eta beste herrialdeekiko trukeak asko hazi ziren: esportazioak 1975ean BPGren % 10 ziren, eta handik hogei urtera berriz % 20. Merkataritza balantza defizitarioa da (-13,2 mila milioi dolar 1995ean), baina defizit hori <a href="/wiki/Turismoa_Turkian" title="Turismoa Turkian">turismoaren</a> industriak eta atzerrian bizi diren turkiarrek bidaltzen duten diruak osatzen du. Turkiak Europar Batasunarekin ditu merkataritza harreman gehienak. Hala ere, Turkiak harremanak hobetu nahi ditu <a href="/wiki/Ekialde_Hurbila" title="Ekialde Hurbila">Ekialde Hurbilarekin</a>, Balkanetako herrialdeekin eta antzinako <a href="/wiki/Sobietar_Errepublika_Sozialisten_Batasuna" title="Sobietar Errepublika Sozialisten Batasuna">Sobietar Batasunarekin</a>. 1999ko abuztuan <a href="/wiki/Lurrikara" title="Lurrikara">lurrikara</a> izugarri bat izan zen Turkian, Izmir eta Istanbuleko eskualdean gehienbat. Oso ondorio gogorrak izan zituen Turkiako ekonomian, eskualde horietan baitaude Turkiako industriagune nagusiak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Inportatutako_produktu_nagusiak:">Inportatutako produktu nagusiak:</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Inportatutako produktu nagusiak:»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Inportatutako produktu nagusiak:"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Makineria ez elektrikoa: % 16.</li> <li>Erregaiak: % 12,2.</li> <li>Altzairu eta burdina: % 10,3.</li> <li>Ibilgailuak: % 9,2.</li> <li>Ekipamendua: % 7,7.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Esportatutako_produktu_nagusiak:">Esportatutako produktu nagusiak:</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Esportatutako produktu nagusiak:»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Esportatutako produktu nagusiak:"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Oihalak: % 34,7.</li> <li>Altzairu eta burdinezko produktuak: % 13,1.</li> <li>Makineria eta garraio-ekipamendua: % 11.</li> <li>Fruituak: % 6,1.</li> <li>Makineria: % 3,8.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Baliabide_nagusiak:">Baliabide nagusiak:</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Baliabide nagusiak:»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Baliabide nagusiak:"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lignitoa: 37,8 miloi tona.</li> <li>Garia: 15,7 miloi tona.</li> <li>Harrikatza: 7 miloi tona.</li> <li>Burdina: 2 miloi tona.</li> <li>Zitrikoak: 1,1 miloi tona.</li> <li>Arrainak: 627.900 tona.</li> <li>Kotoia: 550.000 tona.</li> <li>Kromoa: 355.000 tona.</li> <li>Tabakoa: 253.000 tona.</li> <li>Oliba olioa: 200.000 tona.</li> <li>Tea: 124.000 tona.</li> <li>Artilea: 49.000 tona.</li> <li>Ardi-azienda: 40 miloi buru.</li> <li>Behi-azienda: 12 miloi buru.</li> <li>Elektrizitatea: 44.000 miloi kWh.</li> <li>Turismoa: 2.39 miloi bisitari.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Azpiegiturak">Azpiegiturak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Azpiegiturak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Azpiegiturak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aireportuak">Aireportuak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Aireportuak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Aireportuak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9009568">@media all and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.mw-graph{min-width:auto!important;max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:visible}}.mw-parser-output .mw-graph-img{width:inherit;height:inherit}</style><div style="color: grey; font-size: 1.5em; text-align: center;">Grafiko hau ezin da une honetan ikusi, software arazo bat dela eta. Lanean ari gara ahalik eta lasterren grafikoak berriro erakutsi ahal izateko.</div> <p><small>Ikus <a class="external text" href="https://query.wikidata.org/#SELECT%20DISTINCT%20%3Fairport%20%3Fcoord%20%3Frange%0AWHERE%0A%7B%0A%20%20%3Fairport%20wdt%3AP31%20wd%3AQ1248784%20%3B%0A%20%20%3Frange%20wd%3AQ43%3B%0A%20%20wdt%3AP625%20%3Fcoord.%0A%7D">jatorrizko Wikidatako eskaera eta iturriak</a>.</small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultura">Kultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kultura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Kultura"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Whirlingdervishes.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Whirlingdervishes.JPG/220px-Whirlingdervishes.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Whirlingdervishes.JPG/330px-Whirlingdervishes.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Whirlingdervishes.JPG/440px-Whirlingdervishes.JPG 2x" data-file-width="707" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Derbitxe" class="mw-redirect" title="Derbitxe">Derbitxeak</a></figcaption></figure> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Turkierazko_literatura" title="Turkierazko literatura">Turkierazko literatura</a>»</div> <p>Turkiako kulturak <a href="/wiki/Arabia" title="Arabia">Arabiako</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-disambig" title="Persia">Persiako</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Bizantzio" title="Bizantzio">Bizantzioko</a> kulturen ezaugarriak edo osagaiak ditu. Baina, <a href="/wiki/XIX._mendea" title="XIX. mendea">XIX. mendetik</a> aurrera, Europako sartaldeko kultura sartu, eta <a href="/wiki/Lehen_Mundu_Gerra" title="Lehen Mundu Gerra">Lehen Mundu Gerraren</a> ondoren Turkiako estatu berria sortu zuen gutxiengo ilustratuaren artean sustraitu zen. Harrezkero, Turkiako bertako kultura-nortasuna sendotzeko joera nagusitu da, lehenik eta behin, arabiar kulturaren eraginari aurre eginez. <a href="/wiki/Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Ataturkek</a> <a href="/wiki/Latindar_alfabetoa" title="Latindar alfabetoa">alfabeto latinoa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Gregoriotar_egutegia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregoriotar egutegia">egutegi gregoriarra</a> nahitaezko egin zituen. Turkiako artistek eta idazleek nazionalismo kulturalaren eta mendebaleko kulturaren aldeko jarrera hartu dute, tradizio <a href="/wiki/Panislamismo" title="Panislamismo">panislamikoaren</a> kaltetan. Turkiako erakunde ofizialek tradizioko kultura bultzatzen dute, mendebaleko antzerkiarekin eta operarekin batera. Kulturaren hiri nagusiak Ankara, Istanbul eta Izmir dira. </p><p>Turkian antzinako kulturen aztarnak eta eraikuntza ikusgarriak daude. Aipagarria da, besteak beste, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbuleko</a> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Sofia" title="Santa Sofia">Santa Sofiaren basilika</a>, <a href="/wiki/VI._mendea" title="VI. mendea">VI. mendean</a> eraikia, eta geroago, <a href="/wiki/Meskita" title="Meskita">meskita</a> eta museo izana. Literaturan, <a href="/wiki/XVI._mendea" title="XVI. mendea">XVI. mendean</a>, Inperio Otomandarraren zabalkundearekin batera, Arabiako eta Persiako eraginak zituen literatura egin zen. Garai hartako idazle aipagarrienak <a href="/wiki/Fuzuli" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuzuli">Fuzuli</a> (1480–1556) eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baki (sortu gabe)">Baki</a> (1526–1600) olerkariak dira. <a href="/wiki/XIX._mendea" title="XIX. mendea">XIX. mendean</a>, aldaketa nabarmena izan zen, <a href="/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia">Frantziako</a> <a href="/wiki/Erromantizismo" title="Erromantizismo">erromantizismoaren</a> eragineko literatura egiten hasi baitzen. <a href="/wiki/Nam%C4%B1k_Kemal" title="Namık Kemal">Namik Kemalek</a> (1840–1888) aberriaren eta askatasunaren ideiak zabaldu zituen. </p><p>Hizkuntzaren erreformarekin batean (ortografia fonetikoa bideratzea eta arabieraren eta persieraren irakaskuntza galaraztea) idazkera egunoroko hizkuntzara etorri zen. Errealismoak gorteko poesiaren tokia hartu zuen, eta idazleek herri xumearen bizimodua islatu zuten: <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A2z%C4%B1m_Hikmet" title="Nâzım Hikmet">Nazim Hikmet</a> (1902–1963), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yachar_Kemal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yachar Kemal (sortu gabe)">Yachar Kemal</a> (1920) eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmut_Makal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahmut Makal (sortu gabe)">Mahmut Makal</a> (1930) dira aipagarrienak. Zinemagintzan, aipagarria da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yilmaz_G%C3%BCney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yilmaz Güney (sortu gabe)">Yilmaz Güney</a> (1937–1984) zinema antzezle eta zuzendaria, berak egindako filmetan (<i>Yol,</i> 1982; <i>Harresia,</i> 1983; etab.) Turkiako politika, gizarte eta sexu zapalkuntza salatu zituena. </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236167">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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title="Efeso">Efeso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierapolis" title="Hierapolis">Hierapolis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pamukkale" title="Pamukkale">Pamukkale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pergamo" title="Pergamo">Pergamo</a></li> <li>Xanthos / <a href="/wiki/Letoon" title="Letoon">Letoon</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Itsaso_Beltzeko_eskualdea" title="Itsaso Beltzeko eskualdea">Itsaso Beltza</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hattusa" title="Hattusa">Hattusa</a><small>ko hiriburu hitita</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safranbolu" title="Safranbolu">Safranbolu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Erdialdeko_Anatolia_eskualdea" title="Erdialdeko Anatolia eskualdea">Erdialdeko Anatolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6remeko_Parke_Nazionala" title="Göremeko Parke Nazionala">Göremeko Parke Nazionala</a><small> eta </small><a href="/wiki/Kapadozia" title="Kapadozia">Kapadozia</a><small>ko harrizko guneak</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87atal_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk" title="Çatal Höyük">Çatal Höyük</a><small> aztarnategi neolitikoa</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divri%C4%9Fiko_Meskita_Handia" title="Divriğiko Meskita Handia">Divriğiko Ospitale eta Meskita Handia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ekialdeko_Anatolia_eskualdea" title="Ekialdeko Anatolia eskualdea">Ekialdeko Anatolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ani" title="Ani">Ani</a><small>ko hiri zaharra</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marmara_eskualdea" title="Marmara eskualdea">Marmara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Troia" title="Troia">Troia</a><small>ko aztarnategi arkeologikoa</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a><small> eta </small><a href="/wiki/Cumal%C4%B1k%C4%B1z%C4%B1k" title="Cumalıkızık">Cumalıkızık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbulgo_gune_historikoak" title="Istanbulgo gune historikoak">Istanbulgo gune historikoak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selimen_meskita_(Edirne)" title="Selimen meskita (Edirne)">Selimen meskita eta inguruko instalazioak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mediterraneo_Itsasoko_eskualdea" title="Mediterraneo Itsasoko eskualdea">Mediterraneo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xanthos" class="mw-redirect" title="Xanthos">Xanthos</a> / Letoon<sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hegoekialdeko_Anatolia_eskualdea" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegoekialdeko Anatolia eskualdea">Hego-ekialdeko Anatolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nemrut_(mendia)" title="Nemrut (mendia)">Nemrut</a><small> mendia Komagenen</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1rreko_gotorlekua" title="Diyarbakırreko gotorlekua">Diyarbakır<small>reko gotorlekua</small></a><small> eta <a href="/wiki/Hevsel_lorategiak" title="Hevsel lorategiak">Hevsel lorategiak</a></small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe" title="Göbekli Tepe">Göbekli Tepe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> Beste eskualdeekin batera</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erlijioa">Erlijioa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erlijioa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Erlijioa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Turkiako biztanleen % 99 dira musulmanak; horietako % 80, <a href="/wiki/Sunismo" title="Sunismo">sunismoaren</a> jarraitzaileak, eta gutxiengo bat, % 10 inguru, alevi sinesmenekoak. Frantziako Estatuan bezala, <a href="/wiki/Laizismo" title="Laizismo">laizismoa</a> oso errotuta dago, hau da, Estatuak ez du erlijio ofizialik, nahiz eta azken urteetan islameranzko joera hartzen ari den. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hizkuntzak">Hizkuntzak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hizkuntzak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Hizkuntzak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Turkiera" title="Turkiera">Turkiera</a> da hizkuntz ofizial bakarra, nahiz eta beste mintzaira batzuk egiten diren (besteak beste, <a href="/wiki/Kurduera" title="Kurduera">kurduera</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kirolak">Kirolak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kirolak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Kirolak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futbol" title="Futbol">Futbola</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fenerbah%C3%A7e" title="Fenerbahçe">Fenerbahçe SK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galatasaray" title="Galatasaray">Galatasaray SK</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F_JK" title="Beşiktaş JK">Beşiktaş JK</a> taldeak (<a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskibaloi" title="Saskibaloi">Saskibaloia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fenerbah%C3%A7e_%C3%9Clker" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenerbahçe Ülker">Fenerbahçe Ülker</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Anadolu_Efes_S.K." title="Anadolu Efes S.K.">Anadolu Efes S.K.</a> ekipoak (Istanbul).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Turkiar_ospetsuak">Turkiar ospetsuak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Turkiar ospetsuak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Turkiar ospetsuak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Kemal Atatürk">Kemal Ataturk</a> (<a href="/wiki/1881" title="1881">1881</a>-<a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a>), politikari eta militar ospetsua, Turkia modernoaren aita.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C5%9Far_Kemal" title="Yaşar Kemal">Yasar Kemal</a> (<a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>-), idazle <a href="/wiki/Kurdu" title="Kurdu">kurdua</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a> (<a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a>-), <a href="/wiki/Literaturako_Nobel_Saria" title="Literaturako Nobel Saria">Nobel Saridun</a> idazlea.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihat_Kahveci" title="Nihat Kahveci">Nihat Kahveci</a> (<a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>-), futbolaria.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boilerplate" style="text-align:left; font-size: 90%"> <ul><li>Artikulu honen edukiaren zati bat <i>Lur hiztegi entziklopediko</i>tik edo <i>Lur entziklopedia tematiko</i>tik txertatu zen 2011/12/26 egunean. Egile-eskubideen jabeak, <a href="/wiki/Eusko_Jaurlaritza" title="Eusko Jaurlaritza">Eusko Jaurlaritzak</a>, hiztegi horiek <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/deed.eu">CC-BY 3.0 lizentziarekin</a> argitaratu ditu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opendata.euskadi.eus/katalogoa/-/lur-entziklopedia-tematikoa/">Open Data Euskadi webgunean</a>.</li></ul></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006100454/http://www.euskaltzaindia.net/dok/eaeb/arauak/Araua_0038.pdf">Euskaltzaindiaren 38. araua: Munduko estatu-izenak, herritarren izenak, hizkuntza ofizialak eta hiriburuak</a> Euskaltzaindia.net</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pop27-11-2"><a href="#cite_ref-pop27-11_2-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071014004943/http://www.umd.umich.edu/dept/armenian/facts/genocide.html">«Fact sheet: Armenian genocide»</a>, University of Michigan. Eskuratze data: 2011-01-11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Totten, Samuel, Paul Robert Bartrop, Steven L. Jacobs (eds.) <i>Dictionary of Genocide</i>. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008, p. 19. <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-313-34642-9" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-313-34642-9">ISBN 0-313-34642-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Bloxham. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TSRkGNoEPFwC&pg=PA150&sig=ACfU3U09_Sjo0a0T4KpiS6QfG-94noUmdg">p. 150</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Levene, M (1998): «Creating a Modern "Zone of Genocide": The Impact of Nation and State Formation on Eastern Anatolia, 1878-1923», <i>Holocaust and genocide studies</i>, 12:3, 393-433.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Kinross, Patrick (1977): <i>The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire</i>. Morrow. <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/0-688-03093-9" title="Berezi:BookSources/0-688-03093-9">ISBN 0-688-03093-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Eusko Legebiltzarraren osoko bilkuraren erabakia: «Armeniako genozidioaren 90. urteurrenean». <i>Euskal Herriko Agintaritzaren Aldizkaria</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119182519/http://www.parlamento.euskadi.net/pdfs_publi/1/08/000099.pdf">99. zenbakia</a>, 2007-04-27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span> Lionel Beehner: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080303203811/http://www.cfr.org/publication/9148/nagornokarabakh.html">«Nagorno-Karabakh: The Crisis in the Caucasus»</a>, Council on Foreign Relations. Eskuratze data: 2011-01-11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Allande Sokarros: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paperekoa.berria.info/harian/2010-03-06/020/007/armeniarren_genozidioaren_auzia_aebetara_heldu_da.htm">«Armeniarren genozidioaren auzia AEBetara heldu da»</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Esteka_hautsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Esteka hautsia"><span title=" Data honetatik dago hautsita esteka: martxoa 2021">Betiko hautsitako esteka</span></a></i>]</span></sup>, <i>Berria</i>, 2010-03-06.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span> Angelique Chrisafis: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2006/oct/11/turkey.eu">«Turkey warns France over Armenian genocide bill»</a>, <i>The Guardian</i>, 2006-10-11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Juanma Sarasola: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110812111332/http://paperekoa.berria.info/harian/2007-01-26/025/003/armeniarren_genozidioa_tabu.htm">«Armeniarren genozidioa, tabu»</a>, <i>Berria</i>, 2007-01-26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paperekoa.berria.info/harian/2010-03-07/020/005/turkiak_aebei_ohartarazi_die_euren_harremanak_kaltetuko_dituela_armeniarren_auziak.htm">«Turkiak AEBei ohartarazi die euren harremanak kaltetuko dituela armeniarren auziak»</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Esteka_hautsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Esteka hautsia"><span title=" Data honetatik dago hautsita esteka: martxoa 2021">Betiko hautsitako esteka</span></a></i>]</span></sup>, <i>Berria</i>, 2010-03-07.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Pello Zubiria: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.argia.com/nethurbil.php?id=20371">«Armeniar hila mugitu da Turkian 90 urte eta gero»</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Esteka_hautsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Esteka hautsia"><span title=" Data honetatik dago hautsita esteka: martxoa 2021">Betiko hautsitako esteka</span></a></i>]</span></sup>, 2005-10-16.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkia&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html">CIA - World Factbook</a> Geografia, biztanleria, politika eta ekonomia datuak.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060804204011/http://turkish.cc/">Turkiako Internet Gida</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170812065422/http://maps.turkeyodyssey.com/">Turkiako mapak</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236165"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q43">Q43</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turkey">Turkey</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q43%22">Q43</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/viaf-244983681">WorldCat</a></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/244983681/">244983681</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000403699232">0000000403699232</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX451272">XX451272</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118656641">118656641</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118656641">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4061163-2">4061163-2</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80070818">n80070818</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00573331">00573331</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge131143">ge131143</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librariesaustralia.nla.gov.au/search/display?dbid=auth&id=35558290">35558290</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03795741">DA03795741</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035803">10035803</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026402564">026402564</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=KulturNav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KulturNav (sortu gabe)">KulturNav</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kulturnav.org/545a9593-d5b9-41a4-a95b-4dd696c47119">id</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/003374">003374</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Turkey">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Lekuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OSM</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/174737">174737</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Getty_Thesaurus_of_Geographic_Names" title="Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names">TGN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/tgn/1000144">1000144</a></span></li> <li><b>Medikuntzako identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D014421">D014421</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q43">Q43</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turkey">Turkey</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q43%22">Q43</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div> <p><br /> </p> <table width="80%" align="center" rules="all" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="clear:both;margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em;border:1px solid #999999;border-collapse:collapse;background:#CCCCCC;line-height:1.25"> <tbody><tr align="center" style="background:#C8D8FF"> <td colspan="4"><b><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asiako</a> herrialde eta lurraldeak</b>    <small>(<a href="/wiki/Nazio_Batuak" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazio Batuak">Nazio Batuen</a> azpi-eskualdeka)</small> </td></tr> <tr align="center" style="background:#FFFFFF;font-size:90%"> <td width="10%"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Erdialdeko_Asia" title="Erdialdeko Asia">Erdialdeko Asia</a></b><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Map_Central_Asia.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Map_Central_Asia.PNG/110px-Map_Central_Asia.PNG" decoding="async" width="110" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Map_Central_Asia.PNG/165px-Map_Central_Asia.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Map_Central_Asia.PNG/220px-Map_Central_Asia.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td width="40%"> <p><a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia">Errusia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kirgizistan" title="Kirgizistan">Kirgizistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tadjikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tadjikistan">Tadjikistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> </p> </td> <td width="10%"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Asiako_Ekialdea" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiako Ekialdea">Asiako Ekialdea</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Asia-Pazifikoa" title="Asia-Pazifikoa">Asia-Pazifikoa</a>)</small></b><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Map-World-East-Asia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Map-World-East-Asia.png/110px-Map-World-East-Asia.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Map-World-East-Asia.png/165px-Map-World-East-Asia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Map-World-East-Asia.png/220px-Map-World-East-Asia.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td width="40%"><a href="/wiki/Hego_Korea" title="Hego Korea">Hego Korea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ipar_Korea" title="Ipar Korea">Ipar Korea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia">Japonia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Txina" class="mw-redirect" title="Txina">Txina</a> </td></tr> <tr align="center" style="background:#FFFFFF;font-size:90%"> <td width="10%"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Hego-mendebaldeko_Asia" title="Hego-mendebaldeko Asia">Hego-mendebaldeko Asia</a></b><br /> <small><a href="/wiki/Ekialde_Hurbila" title="Ekialde Hurbila">Ekialde Hurbila</a></small><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Map_world_middle_east.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Map_world_middle_east.svg/110px-Map_world_middle_east.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Map_world_middle_east.svg/165px-Map_world_middle_east.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Map_world_middle_east.svg/220px-Map_world_middle_east.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td width="40%"> <p><a href="/wiki/Arabiar_Emirerri_Batuak" title="Arabiar Emirerri Batuak">Arabiar Emirerri Batuak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> • <a href="/wiki/Egipto" title="Egipto">Egipto</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> • <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jordania" title="Jordania">Jordania</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> • <a href="/wiki/Libano" title="Libano">Libano</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> </p> </td> <td width="10%"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Hego-ekialdeko_Asia" title="Hego-ekialdeko Asia">Hego-ekialdeko Asia</a></b><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:LocationSoutheastAsia.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/LocationSoutheastAsia.PNG/110px-LocationSoutheastAsia.PNG" decoding="async" width="110" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/LocationSoutheastAsia.PNG/165px-LocationSoutheastAsia.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/LocationSoutheastAsia.PNG/220px-LocationSoutheastAsia.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td width="40%"> <p><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ekialdeko_Timor" title="Ekialdeko Timor">Ekialdeko Timor</a> • <a href="/wiki/Filipinak" title="Filipinak">Filipinak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kanbodia" title="Kanbodia">Kanbodia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> • <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Singapur" title="Singapur">Singapur</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thailandia" title="Thailandia">Thailandia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr align="center" style="background:#FFFFFF;font-size:90%"> <td width="10%"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Hegoaldeko_Asia" title="Hegoaldeko Asia">Hegoaldeko Asia</a><br /></b> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Map-World-South-Asia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Map-World-South-Asia.png/110px-Map-World-South-Asia.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Map-World-South-Asia.png/165px-Map-World-South-Asia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Map-World-South-Asia.png/220px-Map-World-South-Asia.png 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="628" /></a></span> </p> </td> <td width="40%"> <p><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> • <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maldivak" title="Maldivak">Maldivak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> </p> </td> <td width="10%"> <p><b>Beste entitate<br />politiko batzuk</b> </p> </td> <td width="40%"> <p><a href="/wiki/Palestinako_Estatua" title="Palestinako Estatua">Palestina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236165"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Europako_herrialdeak" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9235565"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ikusi"><a href="/wiki/Txantiloi:Navbox" title="Txantiloi:Navbox"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau ikusi" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">i</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-eztabaida"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi_eztabaida:Navbox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi eztabaida:Navbox (sortu gabe)"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau eztabaidatu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-aldatu"><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Navbox&action=edit"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau aldatu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">a</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Europako_herrialdeak" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europako herrialdeak</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alemania" title="Alemania">Alemania</a> · <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> · <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> · <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> · <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> · <a href="/wiki/Belgika" title="Belgika">Belgika</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bielorrusia" title="Bielorrusia">Bielorrusia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bosnia-Herzegovina" title="Bosnia-Herzegovina">Bosnia-Herzegovina</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> · <a href="/wiki/Danimarka" title="Danimarka">Danimarka</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> · <a href="/wiki/Erresuma_Batua" title="Erresuma Batua">Erresuma Batua</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> · <a href="/wiki/Errumania" title="Errumania">Errumania</a> · <a href="/wiki/Errusia" title="Errusia">Errusia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> · <a href="/wiki/Eslovakia" title="Eslovakia">Eslovakia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eslovenia" title="Eslovenia">Eslovenia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Espainia" title="Espainia">Espainia</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> · <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Finlandia" title="Finlandia">Finlandia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia">Frantzia</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> · <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> · <a href="/wiki/Grezia" title="Grezia">Grezia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Herbehereak" title="Herbehereak">Herbehereak</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> · <a href="/wiki/Hungaria" title="Hungaria">Hungaria</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ipar_Mazedoniako_Errepublika" title="Ipar Mazedoniako Errepublika">Ipar Mazedonia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Irlandako_Errepublika" class="mw-redirect" title="Irlandako Errepublika">Irlandako Errepublika</a> · <a href="/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia">Islandia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> · <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> · <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a><sup><small>2</small></sup> · <a href="/wiki/Kroazia" title="Kroazia">Kroazia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Letonia" title="Letonia">Letonia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a> · <a href="/wiki/Luxenburgo" title="Luxenburgo">Luxenburgo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> · <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Monako" title="Monako">Monako</a> · <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> · <a href="/wiki/Norvegia" title="Norvegia">Norvegia</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> · <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> · <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> · <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Suedia" title="Suedia">Suedia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Suitza" title="Suitza">Suitza</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> · <a href="/wiki/Txekiar_Errepublika" class="mw-redirect" title="Txekiar Errepublika">Txekiar Errepublika</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vatikano_Hiria" title="Vatikano Hiria">Vatikano Hiria</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zipre" title="Zipre">Zipre</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size:85%;"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> Herrialdearen zati bat edo osoa ez dago geografikoki <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europan</a>. <sup><small>2</small></sup> Nazioartean ez dago guztiz onartua. <sup><small>3</small></sup> Europatik kanpo lurraldeak ditu.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="navbox collapsible autocollapse" style="clear: both; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding: 0; border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9; color: #111; font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 0;" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th width="100%" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; background: #ccccff"><a href="/wiki/Mediterraneo_itsasoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterraneo itsasoa">Mediterraneo itsasoa</a> inguratzen duten estatuak </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" align="center" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0.5em 1em; background:white"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Aljeria" title="Aljeria">Aljeria</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bosnia-Herzegovina" title="Bosnia-Herzegovina">Bosnia-Herzegovina</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/33px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/44px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egipto" title="Egipto">Egipto</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Eslovenia" title="Eslovenia">Eslovenia</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/33px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/44px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Espainia" title="Espainia">Espainia</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia">Frantzia</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/22px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/33px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg/44px-Flag_of_Gibraltar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Grezia" title="Grezia">Grezia</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kroazia" title="Kroazia">Kroazia</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Libano" title="Libano">Libano</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/22px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/33px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/44px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Libia" title="Libia">Libia</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/22px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/33px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/44px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Monako" title="Monako">Monako</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/22px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/33px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/44px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/22px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/33px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/44px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Maroko</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Palestinako_Estatua" title="Palestinako Estatua">Palestina</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkia</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Zipre" title="Zipre">Zipre</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236165"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Itsaso_Beltza_eta_Kaspiar_itsasoa_inguratzen_duten_estatuak" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9235565"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ikusi"><a href="/wiki/Txantiloi:Navbox" title="Txantiloi:Navbox"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau ikusi" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">i</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-eztabaida"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi_eztabaida:Navbox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi eztabaida:Navbox (sortu gabe)"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau eztabaidatu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-aldatu"><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Navbox&action=edit"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau aldatu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">a</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Itsaso_Beltza_eta_Kaspiar_itsasoa_inguratzen_duten_estatuak" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Itsaso_Beltza" title="Itsaso Beltza">Itsaso Beltza</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Kaspiar_itsasoa" title="Kaspiar itsasoa">Kaspiar itsasoa</a> inguratzen duten estatuak</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Itsaso Beltza</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkia</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Errumania" title="Errumania">Errumania</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a> · <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, 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