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It highlights key issues such as low student learning levels, budget allocations for schools, and various categories recognized under the Right to Education Act. 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const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=24543669"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">AI-generated Abstract</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This report explores the education status in Rajasthan, focusing on primary, middle, and secondary education under the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan (SSA). It highlights key issues such as low student learning levels, budget allocations for schools, and various categories recognized under the Right to Education Act. 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According to the most recent published reports, our literacy rate is 74%. Thus, we are counted among World's most populous, poorest and most illiterate societies. To overcome these problems education is the only remedy. In this process in 86 th amendment of Indian constitution in the form of Article 21-A describes as eight years of free and compulsory elementary education for the age of 6 to 14 years. It is envisaged in two stages: a primary stage covering a period of five years and an upper primary stage covering a period of 3 years. Hence elementary education became the compulsory component of education in India. The present paper discusses the progress of elementary education system in India. z z</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Status Of Elementary Education In India","attachmentId":76483896,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64452829/Status_Of_Elementary_Education_In_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64452829/Status_Of_Elementary_Education_In_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="12634303" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12634303/Primary_public_education_in_India">Primary public education in India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31602700" href="https://independent.academia.edu/mallickross">ross mallick</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The failure of India's rural primary public education system to impart mass student literacy resulted in a new literacy campaign in Maharashtra state that used student testing and sanctions against non-performing teachers to significantly increase academic standards. The teacher resistance to the experiment and its eventual success suggest the obstacles that need to be overcome and the methods required to achieve success elsewhere. It suggests that compelling teaching in not only cost free but more effective than improving infrastructure and universality as a means for achieving literacy.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Primary public education in India","attachmentId":37753952,"attachmentType":"doc","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12634303/Primary_public_education_in_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12634303/Primary_public_education_in_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="13925301" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13925301/Primary_Education_in_India_Update">Primary Education in India Update</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31602700" href="https://independent.academia.edu/mallickross">ross mallick</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This includes an update of a previous submission indicating why the educational experiment failed.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Primary Education in India Update","attachmentId":38160662,"attachmentType":"doc","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13925301/Primary_Education_in_India_Update","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13925301/Primary_Education_in_India_Update"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="33866274" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33866274/PRIMARY_EDUCATION_IN_INDIA_AN_ELUCIDATION_OF_POLICY_INITIATIVES_ACCOMPLISHMENT_AND_CONTRADICTIONS">PRIMARY EDUCATION IN INDIA: AN ELUCIDATION OF POLICY INITIATIVES, ACCOMPLISHMENT AND CONTRADICTIONS</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39246530" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JournalIJAR">IJAR Indexing</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">India is a signatory to the Millennium Declaration, adopted by 191 United Nations members? states in September 2000, and the plan of Action of a World Fit for Children has been central to the focus of India, which envisage achieving universal access to free and compulsory education by 2015. India has taken several initiative programmes, policies and practices to reach educational goals in the nation especially over the last decade and a half. The central focus of the paper is to identify successful and unsuccessful country efforts to move towards achievement of the universal goals of primary education in India started under the flag of international campaign of ?Education for All?. There has been great progress in the last decade in primary education in India. The gender, caste and demographic disparities in primary education have markedly reduced at national, state and at grass root levels. But challenges like universal enrolment, universal retention, dropout rate and quality education are still big hurdles in achievement of universal goals of primary education in India, which demands strong political will, and administrative dedication of the educational authorities. An attempt has been made to in this paper to discuss the policy initiatives by Government of India, to throw light on the success achieved, challenges faced and remedies for the achievement of 100% enrollment and retention rate in primary education to achieve the goals of universal primary education in India.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"PRIMARY EDUCATION IN INDIA: AN ELUCIDATION OF POLICY INITIATIVES, ACCOMPLISHMENT AND CONTRADICTIONS","attachmentId":53844571,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33866274/PRIMARY_EDUCATION_IN_INDIA_AN_ELUCIDATION_OF_POLICY_INITIATIVES_ACCOMPLISHMENT_AND_CONTRADICTIONS","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33866274/PRIMARY_EDUCATION_IN_INDIA_AN_ELUCIDATION_OF_POLICY_INITIATIVES_ACCOMPLISHMENT_AND_CONTRADICTIONS"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="122794714" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/122794714/KEY_FEATURES_AND_DEVELOPMENTS_IN_ELEMENTARY_EDUCATION_IN_INDIA_PROGRESS_AND_CHALLENGES">KEY FEATURES AND DEVELOPMENTS IN ELEMENTARY EDUCATION IN INDIA: PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="318205619" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ScholarlyResearchJournals">Sr J is</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">AMITESH PUBLISHER & COMPANY, 2024</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Elementary education is critically important as it lays the groundwork for an individual's lifelong learning journey. Numerous initiatives and schemes have been introduced to prioritize the primary education of children from disadvantaged, marginalized, and socioeconomically backward communities. This study aims to explore the importance of elementary education in India. In 1950, Article 45 of the Constitution, under the Directive Principles of State Policy, mandated that the State should strive to provide free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of fourteen within ten years of the Constitution's commencement. Since then, several policy documents, including each Five Year Plan, the 1968 National Policy on Education, and the revised 1992 National Policy on Education, have sought to enhance India's efforts towards achieving Universal Elementary Education (UEE).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"KEY FEATURES AND DEVELOPMENTS IN ELEMENTARY EDUCATION IN INDIA: PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES","attachmentId":117384060,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122794714/KEY_FEATURES_AND_DEVELOPMENTS_IN_ELEMENTARY_EDUCATION_IN_INDIA_PROGRESS_AND_CHALLENGES","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/122794714/KEY_FEATURES_AND_DEVELOPMENTS_IN_ELEMENTARY_EDUCATION_IN_INDIA_PROGRESS_AND_CHALLENGES"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="36265645" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36265645/Progress_of_Primary_Education_in_India">Progress of Primary Education in India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="28275537" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EuroAsiaInternationalJournal">Euro Asia International Journals</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper provides an overview of the progress of primary education in India. Firstly, it places India's educational achievements in international perspective, especially against countries with which it is now increasingly compared such as BRIC economies in general and china in particular. India does well relatice to Pakistan and Bangladesh but lags seriously behind chine and the other BRIC countries, especially in secondary school participation and youth literacy rates. Secondly, the paper examines schooling access in terms of enrolment and school attendance rates, and schooling quality in terms of literacy rates, learning achievement levels, school resources and teacher inputs.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Progress of Primary Education in India","attachmentId":56171042,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36265645/Progress_of_Primary_Education_in_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36265645/Progress_of_Primary_Education_in_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="112484989" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/112484989/Access_to_Elementary_Education_in_India_Country_Analytical_Review">Access to Elementary Education in India: Country Analytical Review</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4705496" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MadhumitaBandyopadhyay">Madhumita Bandyopadhyay</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">New Delhi: National University of Educational …, 2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Consortium for Educational Access, Transitions and Equity (CREATE) is a Research Programme Consortium supported by the UK Department for International Development (DFID). Its purpose is to undertake research designed to improve access to basic education in developing countries. It seeks to achieve this through generating new knowledge and encouraging its application through effective communication and dissemination to national and international development agencies, national governments, education and development professionals, non-government organisations and other interested stakeholders. Access to basic education lies at the heart of development. Lack of educational access, and securely acquired knowledge and skill, is both a part of the definition of poverty, and a means for its diminution. Sustained access to meaningful learning that has value is critical to long term improvements in productivity, the reduction of inter-generational cycles of poverty, demographic transition, preventive health care, the empowerment of women, and reductions in inequality.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Access to Elementary Education in India: Country Analytical Review","attachmentId":109701409,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/112484989/Access_to_Elementary_Education_in_India_Country_Analytical_Review","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/112484989/Access_to_Elementary_Education_in_India_Country_Analytical_Review"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="3809460" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3809460/A_study_on_the_dropout_problem_of_primary_education_in_Uttar_Dinajpur_West_Bengal_India">A study on the dropout problem of primary education in Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4685050" href="https://kaliyaganjcollege.academia.edu/ChandanRoy">Chandan Roy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A study on the dropout problem of primary education in Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India","attachmentId":31464925,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3809460/A_study_on_the_dropout_problem_of_primary_education_in_Uttar_Dinajpur_West_Bengal_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3809460/A_study_on_the_dropout_problem_of_primary_education_in_Uttar_Dinajpur_West_Bengal_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="50111387" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50111387/Achieving_and_sustaining_universal_primary_education_international_experience_relevant_to_India">Achieving and sustaining universal primary education : international experience relevant to India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36361582" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NColletta">Nat J Colletta</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1989</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">To achieve its goal of full enrollment of children aged six to eleven by 1990, and children aged six to fourteen by 1995, India must increase its enrollment from less than 80 percent to more than 100 percent in 10 years. Sustaining universal primary education also means reducing the high dropout rate (over 50 percent by grade five) to near zero for eight grades. To reach its targets India must: (i) back up policy with funding; (ii) encourage local accountability of teachers and administrators to communities; (iii) improve quality in the poorer schools and states to increase participation and retention rates on the primary schools; (iv) make curricula, instructional materials, and exams relevant to local students; and (v) make a special effort to provide organized day care to release young girls from their childcare responsibilities.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Achieving and sustaining universal primary education : international experience relevant to India","attachmentId":68219271,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50111387/Achieving_and_sustaining_universal_primary_education_international_experience_relevant_to_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50111387/Achieving_and_sustaining_universal_primary_education_international_experience_relevant_to_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":44875149,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":44875149,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_44875149" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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