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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dialects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nanjinghua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nanjinghua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nanjinghua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nanjinghua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Endangered Sino-Tibetan language of China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: salmon;">Longjia</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: salmon;">Songnibao</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: salmon;"><span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">suŋ55 ni55 mpau21</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Longjia_people" title="Longjia people">Longjia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Extinct_language" title="Extinct language">Extinct</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">possibly by 2011<sup id="cite_ref-Zhao2011_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhao2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic</a>?<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Macro-Bai_languages" title="Macro-Bai languages">Macro-Bai</a>?<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Cai%E2%80%93Long_languages" title="Cai–Long languages">Cai–Long</a><sup id="cite_ref-Holzl2021_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holzl2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guizhou1984_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guizhou1984-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>Longjia–<a href="/wiki/Luren_language" title="Luren language">Luren</a>?<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Longjia</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: salmon;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>None</i> (<code>mis</code>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/long1417">long1417</a></code></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Longjia</b> (autonym: <i><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">suŋ55<span class="wrap"> </span>ni55<span class="wrap"> </span>mpau21</span></i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Tibetan language">Sino-Tibetan</a> language of <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>, China related to <a href="/wiki/Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luren_language" title="Luren language">Luren</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Holzl2021_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holzl2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Longjia may already be extinct (Zhao 2011). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Longjia_people" title="Longjia people">Longjia people</a> now speak <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Mandarin" title="Southwestern Mandarin">Southwestern Mandarin</a>, though they used to speak their own language, and have had a long presence in western <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>. According to the <i>Guizhou Ethnic Gazetteer</i> (2002),<sup id="cite_ref-Gazetteer_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gazetteer-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Longjia language was spoken in <a href="/wiki/Dafang_County" title="Dafang County">Dafang County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qianxi_County,_Guizhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Qianxi County, Guizhou">Qianxi County</a> (Zhongping District 中坪区; Xinfacun 新发村 of Pojiao District 坡脚区), and <a href="/wiki/Puding_County" title="Puding County">Puding County</a> (Jiangyizhai 讲义寨 of Baiyan Township 白岩乡). It is reportedly most similar to <a href="/wiki/Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Gazetteer_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gazetteer-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has many <a href="/wiki/Old_Chinese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Chinese language">Old Chinese</a> loanwords.<sup id="cite_ref-Dafang_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dafang-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longjia_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Macro-Bai_languages" title="Macro-Bai languages">Macro-Bai languages</a></div> <p>Guizhou (1984)<sup id="cite_ref-Guizhou1984_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guizhou1984-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> shows that Longjia is closely related to <a href="/wiki/Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luren_language" title="Luren language">Luren</a>. However, the classification of Caijia within Sino-Tibetan is uncertain. Zhengzhang (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-Zhengzhang2010_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhengzhang2010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suggests that <a href="/wiki/Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bai_language" title="Bai language">Bai</a> are <a href="/wiki/Sister_group" title="Sister group">sister</a> languages, while <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Sagart" title="Laurent Sagart">Sagart</a> argues that Caijia is Sinitic and a close relative of <a href="/wiki/Waxiang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Waxiang language">Waxiang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sagart2011_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sagart2011-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialects">Dialects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longjia_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Dialects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following dialects of Longjia have been described. </p> <ul><li>Pojiao District 坡脚区, <a href="/wiki/Dafang_County" title="Dafang County">Dafang County</a>, Guizhou<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guizhou1984_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guizhou1984-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Pojiao District now comprises Maochang 猫场镇, Dingxin 鼎新彝族苗族乡, and Lütang 绿塘乡 townships of southwestern <a href="/wiki/Dafang_County" title="Dafang County">Dafang County</a>.)</li> <li>Huaxi Village 花溪大队, Zhongping District 中坪区, <a href="/wiki/Qianxi_County,_Guizhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Qianxi County, Guizhou">Qianxi County</a><sup id="cite_ref-Guizhou1984_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guizhou1984-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (now Huaxi Township 花溪彝族苗族乡)</li> <li>Jiangyizhai 讲义寨, <a href="/wiki/Puding_County" title="Puding County">Puding County</a><sup id="cite_ref-Guizhou1984_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guizhou1984-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Caiguan Town 蔡官镇, <a href="/wiki/Anshun_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Anshun City">Anshun City</a>, Guizhou<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The following comparative word list of three Longjia dialects is from Guizhou (1984:2-3).<sup id="cite_ref-Guizhou1984_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guizhou1984-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guizhou (1984) notes that the dialect of Jiangyizhai 讲义寨 (<a href="/wiki/Puding_County" title="Puding County">Puding County</a>) is divergent, while the dialects of Pojiao 坡脚 (<a href="/wiki/Dafang_County" title="Dafang County">Dafang County</a>) and Huaxi 花溪 (<a href="/wiki/Qianxi_County,_Guizhou" class="mw-redirect" title="Qianxi County, Guizhou">Qianxi County</a>) are more closely related to each other. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>English gloss</th> <th>Chinese gloss</th> <th>Pojiao 坡脚</th> <th>Huaxi 花溪</th> <th>Jiangyizhai 讲义寨 </th></tr> <tr> <td>cattle</td> <td>牛</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ŋau55</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ŋau55</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ŋau35</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>to eat</td> <td>吃</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ua31</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ua31</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ua31</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>dog</td> <td>狗</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kuɛ33</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kuɛ33</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kuɛ53</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>pig</td> <td>猪</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">lɛ55</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">lɛ55</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">lɛ35</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>chicken</td> <td>鸡</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kɛ55</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kɛ55</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kɛ55</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>rice (crop)</td> <td>稻谷</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">mɛ31</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">mɛ31</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">mai31</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>water</td> <td>水</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɕi31</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɕe31</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">se31</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>big</td> <td>大</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">la55</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">la55</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">lɛ31</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>two</td> <td>二</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ta31</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ta31</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">to33</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>four</td> <td>四</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">sɿ55</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">si55</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">so55</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>meat</td> <td>肉</td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ȵi31</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ȵi31</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ȵi31</span>; <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ntɕi31</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longjia_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Puding County Almanac</i> (1999) reports that the Longjia language (autonym: <i>Songnibao</i> 松泥保) has 38 onsets and 22 rimes (8 simple, 14 complex). The <i>Bijie County Almanac</i> (1996:143) reports that there are many prenasalized onsets. In Dafang County, the autonym is <i>Songlibao</i> 松立保.<sup id="cite_ref-Dafang_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dafang-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most extensive lexical data of Longjia can be found in Zhang & Li (1982).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nanjinghua">Nanjinghua</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longjia_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nanjinghua"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Nanjing people (南京人) have usually been classified with the <a href="/wiki/Longjia_people" title="Longjia people">Longjia people</a>, and claim to be descendants of soldiers from the <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a> area who had intermarried with the local Longjia in Guizhou.<sup id="cite_ref-Zhao2011_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhao2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their language is known as <i>Nanjinghua</i> (南京话; "Nanjing speech"), which is probably now functionally extinct.<sup id="cite_ref-Hsiu2013_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hsiu2013-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Jianxinhe village 建新河村, Kunzhai Township 昆寨乡, <a href="/wiki/Nayong_County" title="Nayong County">Nayong County</a>, Guizhou Province, the phrase <i>suo55 mu33</i> ‘eat rice’ was elicited from an elderly rememberer of Nanjinghua.<sup id="cite_ref-Hsiu2013_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hsiu2013-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As <i>suo55</i> is derived from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Tibeto-Burman" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Tibeto-Burman">Proto-Tibeto-Burman</a> *dzya ‘to eat’, this points to Nanjinghua having an <a href="/wiki/SVO_word_order" class="mw-redirect" title="SVO word order">SVO word order</a> like <a href="/wiki/Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a>, Longjia, <a href="/wiki/Bai_language" title="Bai language">Bai</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hsiu2013_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hsiu2013-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longjia_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Macro-Bai_comparative_vocabulary_list" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Appendix:Macro-Bai comparative vocabulary list">Macro-Bai comparative vocabulary list</a> (Wiktionary)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longjia_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Zhao2011-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zhao2011_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhao2011_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zhao Weifeng [赵卫峰]. 2011. <i>History of the Bai people of Guizhou</i> [贵州白族史略]. Yinchuan, China: Ningxia People's Press [宁夏人民出版社]. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9787227046783" title="Special:BookSources/9787227046783">9787227046783</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holzl2021-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holzl2021_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holzl2021_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hölzl, Andreas. 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elpublishing.org/docs/1/20/ldd20_02.pdf">Longjia (China) - Language Contexts</a>. <i>Language Documentation and Description</i> 20, 13-34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guizhou1984-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guizhou1984_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guizhou1984_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guizhou1984_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guizhou1984_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guizhou1984_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guizhou1984_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Guizhou provincial ethnic classification commission [贵州省民族识别工作队]. 1984. <i>Report on ethnic classification issues of the Nanlong people (Nanjing-Longjia)</i> [南龙人（南京-龙家）族别问题调查报告]. m.s.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammarströmForkelHaspelmathBank2023" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harald_Hammarstr%C3%B6m" title="Harald Hammarström">Hammarström, Harald</a>; 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Glottolog&rft.atitle=Glottolog+4.8+-+Longjia-Luren&rft.date=2023-07-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5281%2Fzenodo.7398962&rft.aulast=Hammarstr%C3%B6m&rft.aufirst=Harald&rft.au=Forkel%2C+Robert&rft.au=Haspelmath%2C+Martin&rft.au=Bank%2C+Sebastian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglottolog.org%2Fresource%2Flanguoid%2Fid%2Flong1422&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALongjia+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gazetteer-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gazetteer_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gazetteer_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Guizhou Province Gazetteer: Ethnic Gazetteer [贵州省志. 民族志] (2002). Guiyang: Guizhou Ethnic Publishing House [貴州民族出版社].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dafang-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dafang_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dafang_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Dafang County Almanac</i> (1996:150-152)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zhengzhang2010-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zhengzhang2010_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zhèngzhāng Shàngfāng [郑张尚芳]. 2010. Càijiāhuà Báiyǔ guānxì jí cígēn bǐjiào [蔡家话白语关系及词根比较]. In Pān Wǔyún and Shěn Zhōngwěi [潘悟云、沈钟伟] (eds.). Yánjūzhī Lè, The Joy of Research [研究之乐-庆祝王士元先生七十五寿辰学术论文集], II, 389–400. Shanghai: Shanghai Educational Publishing House.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sagart2011-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sagart2011_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sagart, Laurent. 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/19534510/Chinese_dialects_classified_on_shared_innovations">Classifying Chinese dialects/Sinitic languages on shared innovations</a>. Talk given at Centre de recherches linguistiques sur l’Asie orientale, Norgent sur Marne.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guizhou provincial ethnic classification commission, linguistic division [贵州省民族识别工作队语言组]. 1982. <i>The language of the Caijia</i> [<i>Caijia de yuyan</i> 蔡家的语言]. m.s.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Caiguan Town Gazetteer</i> [蔡官镇志] (2004). Guiyang: Guizhou People's Press [贵州人民出版社].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zhang Jimin 张济民 & Li Juewei 李珏伟. 1982. <i>Yuyan diaocha dagang: Dafang Longjiayu</i> 语言调查大纲: 大方龙家语. (Unpublished manuscript.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hsiu2013-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hsiu2013_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hsiu2013_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hsiu2013_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hsiu, Andrew. 2013. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1127796/files/New_endangered_Tibeto-Burman_languages.pdf">New endangered Tibeto-Burman languages of southwestern China: Mondzish, Longjia, Pherbu, and others</a></i>. Presented at ICSTLL 46, Dartmouth College.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longjia_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Guizhou provincial ethnic classification commission, linguistic division [贵州省民族识别工作队语言组]. 1982. <i>The language of the Caijia</i> [<i>Caijia de yuyan</i> 蔡家的语言]. m.s.</li> <li>Guizhou provincial ethnic classification commission [贵州省民族识别工作队]. 1984. <i>Report on ethnic classification issues of the Nanlong people (Nanjing-Longjia)</i> [南龙人（南京-龙家）族别问题调查报告]. m.s.</li> <li>Hsiu, Andrew. 2013. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1127796/files/New_endangered_Tibeto-Burman_languages.pdf">New endangered Tibeto-Burman languages of southwestern China: Mondzish, Longjia, Pherbu, and others</a>". Presentation given at ICSTLL 46, Dartmouth College.</li> <li>Zhao Weifeng [赵卫峰]. 2011. <i>History of the Bai people of Guizhou</i> [贵州白族史略]. Yinchuan, China: Ningxia People's Press [宁夏人民出版社]. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-227-04678-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-227-04678-3">978-7-227-04678-3</a></li> <li>Hölzl, Andreas. 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elpublishing.org/docs/1/20/ldd20_02.pdf">Longjia (China) - Language Contexts</a>. <i>Language Documentation and Description</i>, vol 20: 13-34.</li> <li>Hölzl, Andreas. 2021b. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/49584800/Prenasalization_in_Longjia">Prenasalization in Longjia</a></i>. The 34th Paris Meeting on East Asian Linguistics (JLAO 34), 7-9 July 2021, Paris.</li> <li>Hölzl, Andreas. 2022a. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/93113627/A_typological_profile_of_Longjia_an_archaic_Sinitic_language">A typological profile of Longjia, an archaic Sinitic language</a></i>. 14th Conference of the Association for Linguistic Typology (ALT), Austin, 15-17 December 2022 (online).</li> <li>Hölzl, Andreas. 2022b. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://afec.hypotheses.org/7459">Longjia: An archaic Sinitic language</a></i>. Centre de recherches linguistiques sur l’Asie orientale, CRLAO Paris, 25 October 2022.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longjia_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/msealangs/sino-tibetan/longjia">Longjia field notes</a> (2013)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Sino-Tibetan_branches" title="Template:Sino-Tibetan branches"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sino-Tibetan_branches" title="Template talk:Sino-Tibetan branches"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sino-Tibetan_branches" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sino-Tibetan branches"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sino-Tibetan_branches" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> branches</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/West_Himalayish_languages" title="West Himalayish languages">West Himalayish</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tamangic_languages" title="Tamangic languages">Tamangic</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newaric_languages" title="Newaric languages">Newaric</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Newar_language" title="Newar language">Newar</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baram%E2%80%93Thangmi_languages" title="Baram–Thangmi languages">Baram–Thangmi</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kiranti_languages" title="Kiranti languages">Kiranti</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhimalish_languages" title="Dhimalish languages">Dhimalish</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhimal_language" title="Dhimal language">Dhimal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toto_language" title="Toto language">Toto</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lhokpu_language" title="Lhokpu language">Lhokpu</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_language" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Greater_Magaric" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Magaric_languages" title="Greater Magaric languages">Greater Magaric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magaric_languages" title="Magaric languages">Magaric</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kham_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kham language">Kham</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chepangic_languages" title="Chepangic languages">Chepangic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chepang_language" title="Chepang language">Chepang</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhujel_language" title="Bhujel language">Bhujel</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raji%E2%80%93Raute_languages" title="Raji–Raute languages">Raji–Raute</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dura_language" title="Dura language">Dura</a></i>–<i><a href="/wiki/Tandrange_language" title="Tandrange language">Tandrange</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Sino-Tibetan languages"><img alt="Map of Sino-Tibetan languages" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png/200px-Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png/300px-Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png/400px-Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="2115" data-file-height="2792" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bodish_languages" title="Bodish languages">Bodish</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages">Tibetic</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bodish_languages" title="East Bodish languages">East Bodish</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tshangla_language" title="Tshangla language">Tshangla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Basum_language" title="Basum language">Basum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nam_language" title="Nam language">Nam</a></i>?</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gongduk_language" title="Gongduk language">Gongduk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCOle_language" title="ʼOle language">ʼOle</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tani_languages" title="Tani languages">Tani</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo_languages" title="Chamdo languages">Chamdo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> and Indo-<br />Burmese border</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Karbi_language" title="Karbi language">Karbi</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Kuki-Chin languages">Kuki-Chin</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mruic_languages" title="Mruic languages">Mruic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mru_language" title="Mru language">Mru</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anu-Hkongso_language" title="Anu-Hkongso language">Hkongso</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyu_language_(Sino-Tibetan)" title="Pyu language (Sino-Tibetan)">Pyu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taman_language_(Myanmar)" title="Taman language (Myanmar)">Taman</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"<a href="/wiki/Naga_languages" title="Naga languages">Naga</a>"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ao_languages" title="Ao languages">Ao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angami%E2%80%93Pochuri_languages" title="Angami–Pochuri languages">Angami–Pochuri</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhulic_languages" title="Tangkhulic languages">Tangkhulic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemeic_languages" title="Zemeic languages">Zeme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boro%E2%80%93Garo_languages" title="Boro–Garo languages">Boro–Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konyak_languages" title="Konyak languages">Konyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingpho%E2%80%93Luish_languages" title="Jingpho–Luish languages">Jingpho–Luish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bai_language" title="Bai language">Bai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tujia_language" title="Tujia language">Tujia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nungish_languages" title="Nungish languages">Nungish</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Karenic_languages" title="Karenic languages">Karenic</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gong_language" title="Gong language">Gong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kathu_language" title="Kathu language">Kathu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai%E2%80%93Long_languages" title="Cai–Long languages">Cai–Long</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Longjia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luren_language" title="Luren language">Luren</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Burmo-Qiangic" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Burmo-Qiangic_languages" title="Burmo-Qiangic languages">Burmo-Qiangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiangic</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gyalrongic_languages" title="Gyalrongic languages">Gyalrongic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersuic_languages" title="Ersuic languages">Ersuic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naic_languages" title="Naic languages">Naic</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lolo-Burmese_languages" title="Lolo-Burmese languages">Lolo-Burmese</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mondzish_languages" title="Mondzish languages">Mondzish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmish_languages" title="Burmish languages">Burmish</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Loloish_languages" title="Loloish languages">Loloish</a></b></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Language_isolates_and_independent_language_families_in_Arunachal" class="mw-redirect" title="Language isolates and independent language families in Arunachal">Dubious</a> (possible<br /><a href="/wiki/Language_isolate" title="Language isolate">isolates</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Language_isolates_and_independent_language_families_in_Arunachal" class="mw-redirect" title="Language isolates and independent language families in Arunachal">Arunachal</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hrusish_languages" title="Hrusish languages">Hrusish</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hruso_language" title="Hruso language">Hruso</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mijiic_languages" title="Mijiic languages">Mijiic</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kho-Bwa_languages" title="Kho-Bwa languages">Kho-Bwa</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Puroik_language" title="Puroik language">Puroik</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miju_languages" title="Miju languages">Miju–Meyor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Songlin_language" title="Songlin language">Songlin</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Greater_Siangic" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Siangic_languages" title="Greater Siangic languages">Greater Siangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siangic_languages" title="Siangic languages">Siangic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Koro_language_(India)" title="Koro language (India)">Koro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Milang_language" title="Milang language">Milang</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digaro_languages" title="Digaro languages">Idu–Taraon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed groupings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Central Tibeto-Burman languages">Central Tibeto-Burman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin%E2%80%93Naga_languages" title="Kuki-Chin–Naga languages">Kuki-Chin–Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro-Bai_languages" title="Macro-Bai languages">Macro-Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahakiranti_languages" title="Mahakiranti languages">Mahakiranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rung_languages" title="Rung languages">Rung</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Kanauri_languages" title="Tibeto-Kanauri languages">Tibeto-Kanauri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proto-language" title="Proto-language">Proto-languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sino-Tibetan_language" title="Proto-Sino-Tibetan language">Proto-Sino-Tibetan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Tibeto-Burman_language" title="Proto-Tibeto-Burman language">Proto-Tibeto-Burman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Loloish_language" title="Proto-Loloish language">Proto-Loloish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Karenic_language" title="Proto-Karenic language">Proto-Karenic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Min" title="Proto-Min">Proto-Min</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Hakka" title="Proto-Hakka">Proto-Hakka</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Italics</i> indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Longjia_language&oldid=1256032109">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Longjia_language&oldid=1256032109</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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