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La mayoría de estos análisis han utilizado metodologías de tipo cuantitativo y datos agregados. Mientras que en el caso de los diseños cualitativos, mayoritariamente se ha acotado a presentar resultados empíricos. El presente ensayo, con base en una amplia experiencia en campo, se propone elaborar análisis holísticos con base en tres líneas para el estudio de la violencia criminal en los contextos locales: niveles, dimensiones y mecanismos. PALABRAS CLAVE: violencia criminal, organizaciones criminales, agenda de seguridad, mercados ilícitos, contextos locales.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Edgar Guerra","url":"https://conacyt.academia.edu/EdgarGuerra"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-08-04","dateModified":"2022-08-04","datePublished":"2022-01-01","headline":"Niveles, dimensiones y mecanismos de análisis sociológico de la violencia y el crimen organizado en México","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/89266211/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"es","keywords":["Etnografía","Narcotráfico","Crimen Organizado","Violencia Criminal","organizaciones 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La mayoría de estos análisis han utilizado metodologías de tipo cuantitativo y datos agregados. Mientras que en el caso de los diseños cualitativos, mayoritariamente se ha acotado a presentar resultados empíricos. El presente ensayo, con base en una amplia experiencia en campo, se propone elaborar análisis holísticos con base en tres líneas para el estudio de la violencia criminal en los contextos locales: niveles, dimensiones y mecanismos. \nPALABRAS CLAVE: violencia criminal, organizaciones criminales, agenda de seguridad, mercados ilícitos, contextos locales.","publication_date":"2022,,","publication_name":"Sociológica"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"es","title":"Niveles, dimensiones y mecanismos de análisis sociológico de la violencia y el crimen organizado en México","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [18218556]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":89266211,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Niveles, dimensiones y mecanismos de análisis sociológico de la violencia y el crimen organizado en México”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/89266211/mini_magick20220804-1-1464bua.png?1659626107" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Niveles, dimensiones y mecanismos de análisis sociológico de la violencia y el crimen organizado en México</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="18218556" href="https://conacyt.academia.edu/EdgarGuerra"><img alt="Profile image of Edgar Guerra" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/18218556/6744448/135124084/s65_edgar.guerra.jpg" />Edgar Guerra</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2022, Sociológica</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">18 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 84140940; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Los estudios sobre la violencia vinculada a las organizaciones delictivas se han enfocado, principalmente, en la observación de los factores estructurales, como las condiciones de los mercados ilegales y el conflicto entre los grupos criminales y las Fuerzas Armadas. La mayoría de estos análisis han utilizado metodologías de tipo cuantitativo y datos agregados. Mientras que en el caso de los diseños cualitativos, mayoritariamente se ha acotado a presentar resultados empíricos. El presente ensayo, con base en una amplia experiencia en campo, se propone elaborar análisis holísticos con base en tres líneas para el estudio de la violencia criminal en los contextos locales: niveles, dimensiones y mecanismos. PALABRAS CLAVE: violencia criminal, organizaciones criminales, agenda de seguridad, mercados ilícitos, contextos locales.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":89266211,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/84140940/Niveles_dimensiones_y_mecanismos_de_an%C3%A1lisis_sociol%C3%B3gico_de_la_violencia_y_el_crimen_organizado_en_M%C3%A9xico"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":89266211,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/84140940/Niveles_dimensiones_y_mecanismos_de_an%C3%A1lisis_sociol%C3%B3gico_de_la_violencia_y_el_crimen_organizado_en_M%C3%A9xico"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Para ser realmente una alternativa, la noviolencia debería ser un procedimiento, una teoría y una práctica que cumpla con la misma función que la violencia organizada y que tenga la misma eficacia que los procedimientos que emplea la violencia para alcanzar una meta considerada valiosa: el poder, el bienestar, la paz, la libertad o la justicia (Bobbio, 2000: 197-198).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Reseña de Antropología de la violencia en la ciudad de México","attachmentId":95943758,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/93116576/Rese%C3%B1a_de_Antropolog%C3%ADa_de_la_violencia_en_la_ciudad_de_M%C3%A9xico","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/93116576/Rese%C3%B1a_de_Antropolog%C3%ADa_de_la_violencia_en_la_ciudad_de_M%C3%A9xico"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="36853147" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36853147/El_murmullo_social_de_la_violencia_en_M%C3%A9xico">El murmullo social de la violencia en México</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8560476" href="https://cdmx.academia.edu/MiriamBautistaArias">Miriam Bautista Arias</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">(2017) La experiencia de los sujetos afectados por la guerra contra el narcotráfico. 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El capital social y la violencia en México</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31560918" href="https://colmex.academia.edu/RodrigoPe%C3%B1a">Rodrigo Peña</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">¿Por qué se organiza la sociedad? ¿Qué sucede cuando lo hace? Quienes firmamos este texto tenemos años buscando respuestas a estas preguntas porque son clave para entender la evolución de la violencia y encontrar maneras para frenarla. Parte de ese trabajo ha sido posible por el apoyo del Instituto Nacional de Desarrollo Social (Indesol). En las investigaciones que estamos realizando hemos detectado un patrón: la existencia de capital social positivo pareciera ser un factor en la reducción de la violencia criminal. Antes de seguir adelante es indispensable hacer algunas generalizaciones.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"¿Organizarse para qué? El capital social y la violencia en México","attachmentId":52511895,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32296410/_Organizarse_para_qu%C3%A9_El_capital_social_y_la_violencia_en_M%C3%A9xico","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/32296410/_Organizarse_para_qu%C3%A9_El_capital_social_y_la_violencia_en_M%C3%A9xico"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="102541851" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/102541851/Violencia_Estado_y_crimen_organizado_en_M%C3%A9xico">Violencia, Estado y crimen organizado en México</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="88712639" href="https://unam1.academia.edu/PaolaCarminaGuti%C3%A9rrezCu%C3%A9llar">Paola Carmina Gutiérrez Cuéllar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">El Cotidiano, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Violencia, Estado y crimen organizado en México","attachmentId":102785609,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102541851/Violencia_Estado_y_crimen_organizado_en_M%C3%A9xico","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/102541851/Violencia_Estado_y_crimen_organizado_en_M%C3%A9xico"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="47714442" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47714442/Teor%C3%ADa_narrativa_y_crimen_organizado_en_M%C3%A9xico">Teoría narrativa y crimen organizado en México</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="16883142" href="https://unam1.academia.edu/DiegoSheinbaum">Diego Sheinbaum</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Discurso y violencia, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Una aproximación ensayística a la teoría narrativa a partir de las narraciones sobre crimen organizado en México</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Teoría narrativa y crimen organizado en México","attachmentId":66666230,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47714442/Teor%C3%ADa_narrativa_y_crimen_organizado_en_M%C3%A9xico","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/47714442/Teor%C3%ADa_narrativa_y_crimen_organizado_en_M%C3%A9xico"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="88870314" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/88870314/Expresiones_y_convergencias_de_la_violencia_en_M%C3%A9xico_Miradas_sociopoliticas">Expresiones y convergencias de la violencia en México. Miradas sociopoliticas</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="238095293" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AcelaMontesdeOcaHern%C3%A1ndez">Acela Montes de Oca Hernández</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">es un libro multidisciplinario con diversas miradas a la violencia que ocurre en nuestras sociedades</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Expresiones y convergencias de la violencia en México. Miradas sociopoliticas","attachmentId":92774812,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/88870314/Expresiones_y_convergencias_de_la_violencia_en_M%C3%A9xico_Miradas_sociopoliticas","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/88870314/Expresiones_y_convergencias_de_la_violencia_en_M%C3%A9xico_Miradas_sociopoliticas"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="1978326" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1978326/Para_entender_la_violencia_en_el_Estado_de_M%C3%A9xico_elementos_para_su_discusi%C3%B3n">Para entender la violencia en el Estado de México: elementos para su discusión</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="870457" href="https://unam.academia.edu/MicaelaGonzalezDelgado">Micaela Gonzalez Delgado</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Las reflexiones que presento se derivan del trabajo de investigación que hemos realizado el equipo multidisciplinario que elaboramos diagnósticos territoriales de las causas sociales de la violencia en municipios del Estado de México. La investigación atiende la emergencia de la violencia ante las situaciones de cambio, donde el riesgo, causas y efectos obedecen a factores multicausales y lo estrechamente relacionada que esta con la exclusión social, la marginación, la pobreza y el rezago educativo. El propósito de este trabajo es reflexionar que hay una serie de elementos que se conjugan y dan pauta a pensar sobre la caracterización, la irreversibilidad del acontecimiento educativo, el encadenamiento indiferente de causas y efectos de las formas en que la educación como fenómeno, la escuela y la familia como instancias socializadoras no están cumpliendo su función, lo que ha llevado a articular y abrir diferentes problemas en las construcciones cotidianas de diferentes tipos de violencia. El trabajo se organiza en tres apartados: Factores detonadores, precursores y de riesgo de la violencia, vinculación de la educación y violencia, por último reflexiones finales.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Para entender la violencia en el Estado de México: elementos para su discusión","attachmentId":28602794,"attachmentType":"doc","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1978326/Para_entender_la_violencia_en_el_Estado_de_M%C3%A9xico_elementos_para_su_discusi%C3%B3n","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1978326/Para_entender_la_violencia_en_el_Estado_de_M%C3%A9xico_elementos_para_su_discusi%C3%B3n"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="107459508" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/107459508/Miradas_del_miedo_una_reflexi%C3%B3n_sobre_la_violencia_y_el_crimen_en_M%C3%A9xico">Miradas del miedo: una reflexión sobre la violencia y el crimen en México</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="213284679" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoseCisneros84">Jose Luis Cisneros</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">En estas líneas abordo una reflexión sobre los efectos que traen consigo las muertes violentas que se desencadenaron como resultado de la denominada lucha contra el narcotráfico, particularmente pongo atención en el fenómeno y significación de la violencia extrema que se ha agudizado en los últimos años y se ha polarizado en dos grandes grupos, si es que se puede decir así; la violencia delictiva en la que se agrupa no solo la que es resultado de los delitos comunes, también se ha ganado un renglón aparte la violencia provocada por el conflicto entre los grupos de narcotraficantes y del crimen organizado: ejecuciones, secuestros y ajustes de cuentas</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Miradas del miedo: una reflexión sobre la violencia y el crimen en México","attachmentId":106120989,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107459508/Miradas_del_miedo_una_reflexi%C3%B3n_sobre_la_violencia_y_el_crimen_en_M%C3%A9xico","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/107459508/Miradas_del_miedo_una_reflexi%C3%B3n_sobre_la_violencia_y_el_crimen_en_M%C3%A9xico"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":89266211,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":89266211,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_89266211" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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