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id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Free viewpoint television</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 4 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">4 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_viewpoint_television" title="Free viewpoint television – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Free viewpoint television" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Viewpoint_Television" title="Free Viewpoint Television – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Free Viewpoint Television" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%91%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Объёмное телевидение – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Объёмное телевидение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapaan_katselukulman_televisio" title="Vapaan katselukulman televisio – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vapaan katselukulman televisio" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Free-viewpoint_television&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-viewpoint television">Free-viewpoint television</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Free viewpoint television</b> (<b>FTV</b>) is a system for viewing natural video, allowing the user to interactively control the viewpoint and <a href="/wiki/View_synthesis" title="View synthesis">generate new views</a> of a dynamic scene from any 3D position.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The equivalent system for <a href="/wiki/Computer_simulation" title="Computer simulation">computer-simulated</a> video is known as <a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">virtual reality</a>. With FTV, the focus of attention can be controlled by the viewers rather than a director, meaning that each viewer may be observing a unique viewpoint. It remains to be seen how FTV will affect television watching as a group activity. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_viewpoint_television&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Systems for rendering arbitrary views of natural scenes have been well known in the <a href="/wiki/Computer_vision" title="Computer vision">computer vision</a> community for a long time but only in recent years<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (July 2020)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> has the speed and quality reached levels that are suitable for serious consideration as an end-user system.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Professor Masayuki Tanimoto from <a href="/wiki/Nagoya_University" title="Nagoya University">Nagoya University</a> (Japan) has done much to promote the use of the term "free viewpoint television" and has published many papers on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_space_representation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ray space representation (page does not exist)">ray space representation</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> although other techniques can be, and are used for FTV. </p><p><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_VR" title="QuickTime VR">QuickTime VR</a> might be considered a predecessor to FTV.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Capture_and_display">Capture and display</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_viewpoint_television&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Capture and display"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In order to acquire the views necessary to allow a high-quality rendering of the scene from any angle, several cameras are placed around the scene; either in a studio environment or an outdoor venue, such as a sporting arena for example. The output Multiview Video (MVV) must then be packaged suitably so that the data may be compressed and also so that the users' viewing device may easily access the relevant views to interpolate new views.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>It is not enough to simply place cameras around the scene to be captured. The geometry of the camera set up must be measured by a process known in computer vision as "camera calibration."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Manual alignment would be too cumbersome so typically a "best effort" alignment is performed prior to capturing a test pattern that is used to generate calibration parameters. </p><p>Restricted free viewpoint television views for large environments can be captured from a single location camera system mounted on a moving platform.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Depth data must also be captured, which is necessary to generate the free viewpoint. The <a href="/wiki/Google_Street_View" title="Google Street View">Google Street View</a> capture system is an example with limited functionality. The first full commercial implementation, <a href="/wiki/Real_Time_Race#iFlex" title="Real Time Race">iFlex</a>, was delivered in 2009 by <a href="/wiki/Real_Time_Race" title="Real Time Race">Real Time Race</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Multiview video capture varies from partial (usually about 30 degrees) to complete (360 degrees) coverage of the scene. Therefore, it is possible to output stereoscopic views suitable for viewing with a 3D display or other 3D methods. Systems with more physical cameras can capture images with more coverage of the viewable scene, however, it is likely that certain regions will always be occluded from any viewpoint. A larger number of cameras should make it possible to obtain high quality output because less interpolation is needed. </p><p>More cameras mean that efficient coding of the Multiview Video is required. This may not be such a big disadvantage as there are representations that can remove the redundancy in MVV; such as inter view coding using <a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">MPEG-4</a> or <a href="/wiki/Multiview_Video_Coding" title="Multiview Video Coding">Multiview Video Coding</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ray_space&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ray space (page does not exist)">ray space</a> representation, geometry videos,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2009)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> etc. </p><p>In terms of hardware, the user requires a viewing device that can decode MVV and synthesize new viewpoints, and a 2D or 3D display. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standardization">Standardization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_viewpoint_television&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Standardization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">Moving Picture Experts Group</a> (MPEG) has normalized Annex H of <a href="/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264/MPEG-4 AVC">MPEG-4 AVC</a> in March 2009 called <a href="/wiki/Multiview_Video_Coding" title="Multiview Video Coding">Multiview Video Coding</a> after the work of a group called '3DAV' (3D Audio and Visual) headed by Aljoscha Smolic<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the <a href="/wiki/Heinrich-Hertz_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinrich-Hertz Institute">Heinrich-Hertz Institute</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_viewpoint_television&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_reconstruction" title="3D reconstruction">3D reconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendering_(computer_graphics)" title="Rendering (computer graphics)">Rendering (computer graphics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volumetric_video" class="mw-redirect" title="Volumetric video">Volumetric video</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_viewpoint_television&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tanimoto, Masayuki. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/4ABDBB87777079DD61CB014910FA8F99/S2048770312000054a.pdf/ftv-free-viewpoint-television.pdf">FTV (free-viewpoint television)</a>." APSIPA Transactions on Signal and Information Processing 1 (2012).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110417110923/http://www.diseno-art.com/news/real_time_racing.html">"Real Time Racing | Automotive News"</a>. Diseno-art.com. 2009-11-02. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseno-art.com/news/real_time_racing.html">the original</a> on 2011-04-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Real+Time+Racing+%26%23124%3B+Automotive+News&rft.pub=Diseno-art.com&rft.date=2009-11-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diseno-art.com%2Fnews%2Freal_time_racing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+viewpoint+television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hhoppe.com/proj/gvid/">"Geometry videos: A new representation for 3D animations"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geometry+videos%3A+A+new+representation+for+3D+animations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhhoppe.com%2Fproj%2Fgvid%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+viewpoint+television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091126062742/http://iphome.hhi.de/smolic/personal.html">"Joschi's Home (Aljoscha Smolic)"</a>. Iphome.hhi.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iphome.hhi.de/smolic/personal.html">the original</a> on 2009-11-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joschi%27s+Home+%28Aljoscha+Smolic%29&rft.pub=Iphome.hhi.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiphome.hhi.de%2Fsmolic%2Fpersonal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+viewpoint+television" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_viewpoint_television&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarranzaTheobaltMagnorSeidel2003" class="citation journal cs1">Carranza, Joel; Theobalt, Christian; Magnor, Marcus A.; Seidel, Hans-Peter (July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://graphics.tu-bs.de/upload/people/magnor/publications/sig03.pdf">"Free-viewpoint video of human actors"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ACM Transactions on Graphics</i>. <b>22</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">ACM</a>: <span class="nowrap">569–</span>577. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F882262.882309">10.1145/882262.882309</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACM+Transactions+on+Graphics&rft.atitle=Free-viewpoint+video+of+human+actors&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E569-%3C%2Fspan%3E577&rft.date=2003-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F882262.882309&rft.aulast=Carranza&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft.au=Theobalt%2C+Christian&rft.au=Magnor%2C+Marcus+A.&rft.au=Seidel%2C+Hans-Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgraphics.tu-bs.de%2Fupload%2Fpeople%2Fmagnor%2Fpublications%2Fsig03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+viewpoint+television" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_viewpoint_television&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://global.canon/en/news/2017/20170921.html">Canon announced development of a Free Viewpoint TV system</a> on 21 September 2017, to be showcased at Inter BEE 2017.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/rd/projects/iview">iview</a> is a British <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Trade_and_Industry_(United_Kingdom)" title="Department of Trade and Industry (United Kingdom)">DTI</a> project between <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snell_Limited" title="Snell Limited">Snell & Wilcox</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Surrey" title="University of Surrey">University of Surrey</a> to develop an FTV system.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070804010800/http://www.ri.cmu.edu/events/sb35/tksuperbowl.html">Eye Vision</a> is a system developed by Professor <a href="/wiki/Takeo_Kanade" title="Takeo Kanade">Takeo Kanade</a> at <a href="/wiki/Carnegie-Mellon_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie-Mellon University">CMU</a> for CBS's coverage of <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XXXV" title="Super Bowl XXXV">Super Bowl XXXV</a>. The user is not able to change viewpoint but the camera operator is able to choose any virtual viewpoint by synthesizing images from an <a href="/wiki/Active_vision" title="Active vision">active vision</a> system.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180708104445/http://www.replay-technologies.com/products/showcases">Replay Technologies</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup> created the first-ever live on-air 3D reconstruction during the London 2012 Olympic Games; their website now seems to point to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/sports/technology/intel-freed-360-replay-technology.html">Intel freeD 360 Replay</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Extended_reality" title="Template:Extended reality"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Extended_reality" title="Template talk:Extended reality"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Extended_reality" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Extended reality"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extended_reality_(XR)1397" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Extended_reality" title="Extended reality">Extended reality (XR)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reality%E2%80%93virtuality_continuum" title="Reality–virtuality continuum">From least to most virtual:</a> <a href="/wiki/Augmented_reality" title="Augmented reality">Augmented reality (AR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_reality" title="Mixed reality">Mixed reality (MR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">Virtual reality (VR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinematic_virtual_reality" title="Cinematic virtual reality">Cinematic virtual reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer-mediated_reality" title="Computer-mediated reality">Computer-mediated reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersion_(virtual_reality)" title="Immersion (virtual reality)">Immersion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaverse" title="Metaverse">Metaverse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avatar_(computing)" title="Avatar (computing)">Avatar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-set_virtual_production" title="On-set virtual production">On-set virtual production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persistent_world" title="Persistent world">Persistent world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projection_augmented_model" title="Projection augmented model">Projection augmented model</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Room-scale" title="Room-scale">Room-scale</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_degrees_of_freedom" title="Six degrees of freedom">Six degrees of freedom (6DoF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatial_computing" title="Spatial computing">Spatial computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telepresence" title="Telepresence">Telepresence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_applications" title="Virtual reality applications">Virtual reality applications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_sickness" title="Virtual reality sickness">Virtual reality sickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_world" title="Virtual world">Virtual world</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filter_(social_media)" title="Filter (social media)">Camera filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantified_self" title="Quantified self">Quantified self</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_life" title="Real life">Real life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen-door_effect" title="Screen-door effect">Screen-door effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulation_hypothesis" title="Simulation hypothesis">Simulation hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncanny_valley" title="Uncanny valley">Uncanny valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTuber" title="VTuber">VTuber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web3" title="Web3">Web3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Display</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EyeTap" title="EyeTap">EyeTap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head-mounted_display" title="Head-mounted display">Head-mounted display</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_head-mounted_display" title="Optical head-mounted display">optical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head-up_display" title="Head-up display">Head-up display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancake_lens#Other_uses" title="Pancake lens">Pancake lens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartglasses" title="Smartglasses">Smartglasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_headset" title="Virtual reality headset">Virtual reality headset</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_virtual_reality_headsets" title="List of virtual reality headsets">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_retinal_display" title="Virtual retinal display">Virtual retinal display</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3D interaction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface" title="Brain–computer interface">Brain–computer interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_tracking" title="Eye tracking">Eye tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facial_motion_capture" title="Facial motion capture">Facial motion capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_tracking" title="Finger tracking">Finger/hand tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pose_tracking" title="Pose tracking">Pose tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_localization_and_mapping" title="Simultaneous localization and mapping">Simultaneous localization and mapping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asynchronous_reprojection" title="Asynchronous reprojection">Asynchronous reprojection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foveated_rendering" title="Foveated rendering">Foveated rendering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image-based_modeling_and_rendering" title="Image-based modeling and rendering">Image-based modeling and rendering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3D_audio_effect" title="3D audio effect">Spatial audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Photography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/360-degree_video" title="360-degree video">360-degree video</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Free viewpoint television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnidirectional_(360-degree)_camera" title="Omnidirectional (360-degree) camera">Omnidirectional (360-degree) camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_photography" title="VR photography">VR photography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haptic_suit" title="Haptic suit">Haptic suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnidirectional_treadmill" title="Omnidirectional treadmill">Omnidirectional treadmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wearable_computer" title="Wearable computer">Wearable computer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_accessories" title="Category:Virtual reality accessories">Peripherals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberith_Virtualizer" title="Cyberith Virtualizer">Cyberith Virtualizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_Motion" title="Leap Motion">Leap Motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Touch" title="Oculus Touch">Oculus Touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Move" title="PlayStation Move">PlayStation Move</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razer_Hydra" title="Razer Hydra">Razer Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuix_Omni" title="Virtuix Omni">Virtuix Omni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wired_glove" title="Wired glove">Wired glove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizdish_ROVR" title="Wizdish ROVR">Wizdish ROVR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_organizations" title="Category:Virtual reality organizations">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brilliant_Labs" title="Brilliant Labs">Brilliant Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ByteDance" title="ByteDance">ByteDance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTC" title="HTC">HTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khronos_Group" title="Khronos Group">Khronos Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Leap" title="Magic Leap">Magic Leap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta Platforms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reality_Labs" title="Reality Labs">Reality Labs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niantic,_Inc." title="Niantic, Inc.">Niantic, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimax" title="Pimax">Pimax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rokoko_(company)" title="Rokoko (company)">Rokoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Electronics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve_Corporation" title="Valve Corporation">Valve Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varjo" title="Varjo">Varjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuzix" title="Vuzix">Vuzix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_headsets" title="Category:Virtual reality headsets">Devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Vision_Pro" title="Apple Vision Pro">Apple Vision Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden-i" title="Golden-i">Golden-i headsets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTC_Vive" title="HTC Vive">HTC Vive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Leap" title="Magic Leap">Magic Leap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest_3" title="Meta Quest 3">Meta Quest 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest_3S" title="Meta Quest 3S">3S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Virtual_Reality" title="Open Source Virtual Reality">Open Source Virtual Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICO_4" title="PICO 4">PICO 4 Ultra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimax" title="Pimax">Pimax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_VR2" title="PlayStation VR2">PlayStation VR2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve_Index" title="Valve Index">Valve Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuzix" title="Vuzix">Vuzix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AntVR" title="AntVR">AntVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CastAR" title="CastAR">castAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VPL_Research" title="VPL Research">EyePhone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cardboard" title="Google Cardboard">Google Cardboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Daydream" title="Google Daydream">Google Daydream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Glass" title="Google Glass">Google Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_Image" title="Liquid Image">Liquid Image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest_Pro" title="Meta Quest Pro">Meta Quest Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_HoloLens" title="Microsoft HoloLens">Microsoft HoloLens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HoloLens_2" title="HoloLens 2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Go" title="Oculus Go">Oculus Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Quest" title="Oculus Quest">Oculus Quest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_2" title="Quest 2">Oculus/Meta Quest 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift" title="Oculus Rift">Oculus Rift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift_CV1" title="Oculus Rift CV1">CV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift_S" title="Oculus Rift S">S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICO_4" title="PICO 4">PICO 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_VR" title="PlayStation VR">PlayStation VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Gear_VR" title="Samsung Gear VR">Samsung Gear VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensorama" title="Sensorama">Sensorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SixthSense" title="SixthSense">SixthSense</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sword_of_Damocles_(virtual_reality)" title="The Sword of Damocles (virtual reality)">The Sword of Damocles</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VFX1_Headgear" title="VFX1 Headgear">VFX1 Headgear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Boy" title="Virtual Boy">Virtual Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_fixture" title="Virtual fixture">Virtual fixture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuality_(product)" title="Virtuality (product)">Virtuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR-1" title="VR-1">VR-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unreleased</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Iris" title="Project Iris">Project Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_VR" title="Sega VR">Sega VR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_works" title="Category:Virtual reality works">Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_art" title="Interactive art">Interactive art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_graffiti" title="Virtual graffiti">Virtual graffiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaverse" title="Metaverse">Metaverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pervasive_game" title="Pervasive game">Pervasive game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_software_related_to_augmented_reality" title="List of software related to augmented reality">Software related to augmented reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_game" title="Virtual reality game">Virtual reality game</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating systems and<br />desktop environments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_XR" title="Android XR">Android XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Horizon_OS" title="Meta Horizon OS">Meta Horizon OS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Horizon_OS_version_history" title="Meta Horizon OS version history">version history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS" title="VisionOS">visionOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mixed_Reality" title="Windows Mixed Reality">Windows Mixed Reality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development tools and<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Video_game_engines" title="Category:Video game engines">game engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-Frame_(virtual_reality_framework)" title="A-Frame (virtual reality framework)">A-Frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARCore" title="ARCore">ARCore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARKit" title="ARKit">ARKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARToolKit" title="ARToolKit">ARToolKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godot_(game_engine)" title="Godot (game engine)">Godot Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jetpack_Compose" title="Jetpack Compose">Jetpack Compose XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Horizon_OS" title="Meta Horizon OS">Meta Spatial SDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenVR" title="OpenVR">OpenVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenXR" title="OpenXR">OpenXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS" title="VisionOS">RealityKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%26box" title="S&box">S&box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SwiftUI" title="SwiftUI">SwiftUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS_2" class="mw-redirect" title="VisionOS 2">TabletopKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_(game_engine)" title="Unity (game engine)">Unity</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Universal_Scene_Description" title="Universal Scene Description">Universal Scene Description</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unreal_Engine" title="Unreal Engine">Unreal Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuforia_Augmented_Reality_SDK" title="Vuforia Augmented Reality SDK">Vuforia Augmented Reality SDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_games" title="Category:Virtual reality games">Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_HTC_Vive_games" title="List of HTC Vive games">List of HTC Vive games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Meta_Quest_games" title="List of Meta Quest games">List of Meta Quest games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oculus_Rift_games" title="List of Oculus Rift games">List of Oculus Rift games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_VR_games" title="List of PlayStation VR games">List of PlayStation VR games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_VR2_games" title="List of PlayStation VR2 games">VR2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_communities" title="Category:Virtual reality communities">Communities and<br />social networks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AltspaceVR" title="AltspaceVR">AltspaceVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a> for visionOS</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horizon_Worlds" title="Horizon Worlds">Horizon Worlds</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeosVR" title="NeosVR">NeosVR</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rec_Room_(video_game)" title="Rec Room (video game)">Rec Room</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resonite" title="Resonite">Resonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansar_(video_game)" title="Sansar (video game)">Sansar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensorium_Corporation" title="Sensorium Corporation">Sensorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinespace" title="Sinespace">Sinespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VRChat" title="VRChat">VRChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTime_XR" title="VTime XR">VTime XR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_pioneers" title="Category:Virtual reality pioneers">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Bekaert" title="Philippe Bekaert">Philippe Bekaert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Benayoun" title="Maurice Benayoun">Maurice Benayoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Birrell" title="Simon Birrell">Simon Birrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Bolas" title="Mark Bolas">Mark Bolas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Bradley_(actor)" title="Brendan Bradley (actor)">Brendan Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Brooks" title="Fred Brooks">Fred Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%A1tjan_Burger" title="Boštjan Burger">Boštjan Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carmack" title="John Carmack">John Carmack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Cook" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Cruz-Neira" title="Carolina Cruz-Neira">Carolina Cruz-Neira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ela_Darling" title="Ela Darling">Ela Darling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Char_Davies" title="Char Davies">Char Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._DeFanti" title="Thomas A. DeFanti">Thomas A. DeFanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_K._Feiner" title="Steven K. Feiner">Steven K. Feiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Fisher_(technologist)" title="Scott Fisher (technologist)">Scott Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Foster_II" title="Jerome Foster II">Jerome Foster II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fuchs" title="Henry Fuchs">Henry Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Furness_III" title="Thomas A. Furness III">Thomas A. Furness III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_Heilig" title="Morton Heilig">Morton Heilig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Howlett" title="Eric Howlett">Eric Howlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Iribe" title="Brendan Iribe">Brendan Iribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myron_W._Krueger" title="Myron W. Krueger">Myron W. Krueger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaron_Lanier" title="Jaron Lanier">Jaron Lanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Laurel" title="Brenda Laurel">Brenda Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_C._Lin" title="Ming C. Lin">Ming C. Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Bowen_Loftin" title="R. Bowen Loftin">R. Bowen Loftin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmer_Luckey" title="Palmer Luckey">Palmer Luckey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Stephen_Meadows" title="Mark Stephen Meadows">Mark Stephen Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_and_Uri_Kranot" title="Michelle and Uri Kranot">Michelle and Uri Kranot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Parisi_(software_developer)" title="Tony Parisi (software developer)">Tony Parisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonny_de_la_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Nonny de la Peña">Nonny de la Peña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elia_Petridis" title="Elia Petridis">Elia Petridis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundar_Pichai" title="Sundar Pichai">Sundar Pichai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Robinett" title="Warren Robinett">Warren Robinett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_J._Rosenblum" title="Lawrence J. Rosenblum">Lawrence J. Rosenblum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Sandin" title="Daniel J. Sandin">Daniel J. Sandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Schmalstieg" title="Dieter Schmalstieg">Dieter Schmalstieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Sproull" title="Bob Sproull">Bob Sproull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Stenger" title="Nicole Stenger">Nicole Stenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">Ivan Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tachi" title="Susumu Tachi">Susumu Tachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunpei_Yokoi" title="Gunpei Yokoi">Gunpei Yokoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_virtual_reality" title="Category:Fiction about virtual reality">In</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_augmented_reality" title="Category:Fiction about augmented reality">fiction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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Dreamland Chronicles">The Dreamland Chronicles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gundam_Build_Divers" title="Gundam Build Divers">Gundam Build Divers</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gundam_Build_Divers_Re:Rise" title="Gundam Build Divers Re:Rise">Re:Rise</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gundam_Build_Metaverse" title="Gundam Build Metaverse">Gundam Build Metaverse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a>'</i>s <a href="/wiki/Holodeck" title="Holodeck">Holodeck</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jumanji_(franchise)" title="Jumanji (franchise)">Jumanji</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jumanji:_The_Next_Level" title="Jumanji: The Next Level">The Next Level</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jumanji:_Welcome_to_the_Jungle" title="Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle">Welcome to the Jungle</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kiss_Me_First_(TV_series)" title="Kiss Me First (TV series)">Kiss Me First</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Matrix_(franchise)" title="The Matrix (franchise)">The Matrix</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Matrix" title="The Matrix">film</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Netrunner" title="Netrunner">Netrunner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neuromancer" title="Neuromancer">Neuromancer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ready_Player_One" title="Ready Player One">Ready Player One</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ready_Player_One_(film)" title="Ready Player One (film)">film</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ready_Player_Two" title="Ready Player Two">Ready Player Two</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Snow_Crash" title="Snow Crash">Snow Crash</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superhot" title="Superhot">Superhot</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Superhot:_Mind_Control_Delete" title="Superhot: Mind Control Delete">Mind Control Delete</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superhuman_Samurai_Syber-Squad" title="Superhuman Samurai Syber-Squad">Superhuman Samurai 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title="Category:Metaverse">Metaverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spatial_computing" title="Category:Spatial computing">Spatial computing</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Extended_Reality" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Extended Reality">Commons</a> <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Augmented_reality" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Augmented reality">Augmented reality</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mixed_reality" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mixed reality">Mixed reality</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Virtual reality">Virtual reality</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Metaverse" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Metaverse">Metaverse</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Computer_vision148" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Computer_vision_footer" title="Template:Computer vision footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Computer_vision_footer" title="Template talk:Computer vision footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Computer_vision_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Computer vision footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Computer_vision148" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Computer_vision" title="Computer vision">Computer vision</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Datasets_in_computer_vision" title="Category:Datasets in computer vision">Datasets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_geometry" title="Digital geometry">Digital geometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commercial_computer_vision_systems" title="Category:Commercial computer vision systems">Commercial systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Feature_detection_(computer_vision)" title="Category:Feature detection (computer vision)">Feature detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geometry_in_computer_vision" title="Category:Geometry in computer vision">Geometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Image_sensor_technology_in_computer_vision" title="Category:Image sensor technology in computer vision">Image sensor technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Learning_in_computer_vision" title="Category:Learning in computer vision">Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_morphology" title="Mathematical morphology">Morphology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Motion_in_computer_vision" title="Category:Motion in computer vision">Motion analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Image_noise_reduction_techniques" title="Category:Image noise reduction techniques">Noise reduction techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Object_recognition_and_categorization" title="Category:Object recognition and categorization">Recognition and categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_vision_research_infrastructure" title="Category:Computer vision research infrastructure">Research infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_vision_researchers" title="Category:Computer vision researchers">Researchers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Image_segmentation" title="Category:Image segmentation">Segmentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer_vision_software" title="Category:Computer vision software">Software</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_stereo_vision" title="Computer stereo vision">Computer stereo vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_capture" title="Motion capture">Motion capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_object_recognition" title="Outline of object recognition">Object recognition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_object_recognition" title="3D object recognition">3D object recognition</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Applications_of_computer_vision" title="Category:Applications of computer vision">Applications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="3D_reconstruction21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/3D_reconstruction" title="3D reconstruction">3D reconstruction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_reconstruction_from_multiple_images" title="3D reconstruction from multiple images">3D reconstruction from multiple images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2D_to_3D_conversion" title="2D to 3D conversion">2D to 3D conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaussian_splatting" title="Gaussian splatting">Gaussian splatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neural_radiance_field" title="Neural radiance field">Neural radiance field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shape_from_focus" title="Shape from focus">Shape from focus</a></li> <li><a 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recognition">Audio-visual speech recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_image_annotation" title="Automatic image annotation">Automatic image annotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_number-plate_recognition" title="Automatic number-plate recognition">Automatic number-plate recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automated_species_identification" title="Automated species identification">Automated species identification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augmented_reality" title="Augmented reality">Augmented reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioimage_informatics" title="Bioimage informatics">Bioimage informatics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blob_detection" title="Blob detection">Blob detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_diagnosis" title="Computer-aided diagnosis">Computer-aided diagnosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Content-based_image_retrieval" title="Content-based image retrieval">Content-based image retrieval</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_image_search" title="Reverse image search">Reverse image search</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_tracking" title="Eye tracking">Eye tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facial_recognition_system" title="Facial recognition system">Face recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreground_detection" title="Foreground detection">Foreground detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesture_recognition" title="Gesture recognition">Gesture recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_denoising" class="mw-redirect" title="Image denoising">Image denoising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_restoration_by_artificial_intelligence" title="Image restoration by artificial intelligence">Image restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landmark_detection" title="Landmark detection">Landmark detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_image_computing" title="Medical image computing">Medical image computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_detection" title="Object 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