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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Virtual world concepts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Virtual_world_concepts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Virtual world concepts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Virtual_world_concepts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hardware</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Application_domains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Application_domains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Application domains</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Application_domains-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Application domains subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Application_domains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Social" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Social</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Medical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Commercial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-E-commerce_(legal)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#E-commerce_(legal)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>E-commerce (legal)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-E-commerce_(legal)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Entertainment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Single-player_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Single-player_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>Single-player games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Single-player_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_in_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_in_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Use in education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_in_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Business</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Future" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Future</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Virtual world</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtuele_w%C3%AAreld" title="Virtuele wêreld – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Virtuele wêreld" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A" title="عالم افتراضي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عالم افتراضي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Виртуален свят – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Виртуален свят" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3n_virtual" title="Món virtual – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Món virtual" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtu%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_sv%C4%9Bt" title="Virtuální svět – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Virtuální svět" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtuelle_Welt" title="Virtuelle Welt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Virtuelle Welt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtuaalmaailm" title="Virtuaalmaailm – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Virtuaalmaailm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mundo_virtual" title="Mundo virtual – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mundo virtual" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtuala_mondo" title="Virtuala mondo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Virtuala mondo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="دنیای مجازی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دنیای مجازی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monde_virtuel" title="Monde virtuel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Monde virtuel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%83%81_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84" title="가상 세계 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가상 세계" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indwalife" title="Indwalife – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Indwalife" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BDndarheimur" title="Sýndarheimur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sýndarheimur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99" title="עולם וירטואלי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עולם וירטואלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtu%C4%81l%C4%81_pasaule" title="Virtuālā pasaule – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Virtuālā pasaule" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualus_pasaulis" title="Virtualus pasaulis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Virtualus pasaulis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Виртуелен свет – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Виртуелен свет" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%AE%E6%83%B3%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="仮想世界 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="仮想世界" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtuell_verden" title="Virtuell verden – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Virtuell verden" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_dunyo" title="Virtual dunyo – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Virtual dunyo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mundo_virtual" title="Mundo virtual – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mundo virtual" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Виртуальный мир – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Виртуальный мир" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="جیھانی مەجازی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جیھانی مەجازی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Виртуелни свет – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Виртуелни свет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtuell_milj%C3%B6" title="Virtuell miljö – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Virtuell miljö" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மெய்நிகர் உலகம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மெய்நிகர் உலகம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanal_d%C3%BCnya" title="Sanal dünya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sanal dünya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82" title="Віртуальний світ – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Віртуальний світ" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_%E1%BA%A3o" title="Thế giới ảo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thế giới ảo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="虛擬世界 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="虛擬世界" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="虚拟世界 – Chinese" lang="zh" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Large-scale, interactive computer-simulated environment</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the general concept. For the novel by Chris Westwood, see <a href="/wiki/Virtual_World_(novel)" title="Virtual World (novel)">Virtual World (novel)</a>. For the commercial product, see <a href="/wiki/BattleTech_Centers" title="BattleTech Centers">BattleTech Centers</a>. For the academic journal, see <a href="/wiki/Virtual_Worlds_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual Worlds (journal)">Virtual Worlds (journal)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SL_Motorbike.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/SL_Motorbike.jpg/250px-SL_Motorbike.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/SL_Motorbike.jpg/330px-SL_Motorbike.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/SL_Motorbike.jpg/500px-SL_Motorbike.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Users exploring the world with their avatars in <i><a href="/wiki/Second_Life" title="Second Life">Second Life</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>virtual world</b> (also called a <b>virtual space or spaces</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Computer_simulation" title="Computer simulation">computer-simulated</a> environment<sup id="cite_ref-Bartle2003-Designing_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bartle2003-Designing-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which may be populated by many simultaneous users who can create a personal <a href="/wiki/Avatar_(computing)" title="Avatar (computing)">avatar</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and independently explore the virtual world, participate in its activities, and communicate with others.<sup id="cite_ref-sciencedirect.com_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sciencedirect.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IJMR_Article_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IJMR_Article-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These avatars can be textual,<sup id="cite_ref-Bloomfield2007_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloomfield2007-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> graphical representations, or live video avatars with auditory and touch sensations.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Virtual worlds are closely related to <a href="/wiki/Mirror_world" title="Mirror world">mirror worlds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a virtual world, the <a href="/wiki/User_(computing)" title="User (computing)">user</a> accesses a computer-simulated world which presents <a href="/wiki/Perception" title="Perception">perceptual</a> stimuli to the user, who in turn can manipulate elements of the modeled world and thus experience a degree of <a href="/wiki/Immersion_(virtual_reality)#Presence" title="Immersion (virtual reality)">presence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-net-VE_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-net-VE-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such modeled worlds and their rules may draw from <a href="/wiki/Reality" title="Reality">reality</a> or fantasy worlds. Example rules are <a href="/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity">gravity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Animal_locomotion" title="Animal locomotion">locomotion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Real-time_computer_graphics" title="Real-time computer graphics">real-time</a> actions, and <a href="/wiki/Communication" title="Communication">communication</a>. Communication between users can range from text, graphical icons, visual gesture, sound, and rarely, forms using touch, voice command, and balance <a href="/wiki/Sense" title="Sense">senses</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_game" title="Massively multiplayer online game">Massively multiplayer online games</a> depict a wide range of worlds, including those based on the <a href="/wiki/Reality" title="Reality">real world</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Super_heroes" class="mw-redirect" title="Super heroes">super heroes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports">sports</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">horror</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">historical</a> milieus.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most MMORPGs have <a href="/wiki/Real_time_(media)" title="Real time (media)">real-time</a> actions and <a href="/wiki/Communication" title="Communication">communication</a>. Players create a character who travels between buildings, towns, and worlds to carry out business or leisure activities. Communication is usually textual, but real-time <a href="/wiki/VOIP" class="mw-redirect" title="VOIP">voice communication</a> is also possible. The form of communication used can substantially affect the experience of players in the game.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Media studies professor <a href="/wiki/Edward_Castronova" title="Edward Castronova">Edward Castronova</a> used the term "synthetic worlds" to discuss individual virtual worlds, but this term has not been widely adopted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECastronova2005_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECastronova2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Virtual worlds are not limited to games but, depending on the degree of immediacy presented, can encompass computer conferencing and text-based chatrooms.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_world&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The concept of virtual worlds significantly predates computers. The Roman naturalist, <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>, expressed an interest in perceptual illusion.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the twentieth century, the cinematographer <a href="/wiki/Morton_Heilig" title="Morton Heilig">Morton Heilig</a> explored the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Sensorama" title="Sensorama">Sensorama</a>, a theatre experience designed to stimulate the senses of the audience—vision, sound, balance, smell, even touch (via wind)—and so draw them more effectively into the productions.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the earliest virtual worlds implemented by computers were <a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">virtual reality</a> simulators, such as the work of <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">Ivan Sutherland</a>. Such devices are characterized by bulky headsets and other types of sensory input simulation. Contemporary virtual worlds, in particular the multi-user online environments, emerged mostly independently of this research, fueled instead by the gaming industry but drawing on similar inspiration.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While classic sensory-imitating virtual reality relies on tricking the perceptual system into experiencing an immersive environment, virtual worlds typically rely on mentally and emotionally engaging content which gives rise to an immersive experience. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Maze_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Maze War">Maze War</a> was the first networked, 3D multi-user first person shooter game. Maze introduced the concept of online players in 1973–1974 as "eyeball 'avatars' chasing each other around in a maze."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was played on <a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a>, or Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, a precursor to the Internet funded by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a> for use in university and research laboratories. The initial game could only be played on an <a href="/wiki/Imlac_PDS-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Imlac PDS-1">Imlac</a>, as it was specifically designed for this type of computer. </p><p>The first virtual worlds presented on the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> were communities and <a href="/wiki/Chat_room" title="Chat room">chat rooms</a>, some of which evolved into <a href="/wiki/Multi-user_dungeon" title="Multi-user dungeon">MUDs</a> and <a href="/wiki/MUSH" title="MUSH">MUSHes</a>. The first MUD, known as <a href="/wiki/MUD1" title="MUD1">MUD1</a>, was released in 1978. The acronym originally stood for Multi-User Dungeon, but later also came to mean Multi-User Dimension and Multi-User Domain. A MUD is a virtual world with many players interacting in real time.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The early versions were text-based, offering only limited graphical representation and often using a <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line interface</a>. Users interact in role-playing or competitive games by typing commands and can read or view descriptions of the world and other players. Such early worlds began the MUD heritage that eventually led to <a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_role-playing_game" title="Massively multiplayer online role-playing game">massively multiplayer online role-playing games</a>, more commonly known as MMORPGs, a genre of role-playing games in which a large number of players interact within a virtual world. </p><p>Some prototype virtual worlds were <i><a href="/wiki/WorldsAway" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldsAway">WorldsAway</a></i>, a two-dimensional chat environment where users designed their own avatars; <i><a href="/wiki/Dreamscape_(chat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dreamscape (chat)">Dreamscape</a>,</i> an interactive community featuring a virtual world by <a href="/wiki/CompuServe" title="CompuServe">CompuServe</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cityspace" title="Cityspace">Cityspace</a>, an educational networking and 3D computer graphics project for children; and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Palace_(computer_program)" title="The Palace (computer program)">The Palace</a></i>, a 2-dimensional community driven virtual world. However, credit for the first online virtual world usually goes to <i><a href="/wiki/Habitat_(video_game)" title="Habitat (video game)">Habitat</a></i>, developed in 1987 by <a href="/wiki/LucasFilm_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="LucasFilm Games">LucasFilm Games</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64</a> computer, and running on the <a href="/wiki/Quantum_Link" title="Quantum Link">Quantum Link</a> service (the precursor to <a href="/wiki/America_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="America Online">America Online</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1996, the city of <a href="/wiki/Helsinki,_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki, Finland">Helsinki, Finland</a> with Helsinki Telephone Company (since Elisa Group) launched what was called the first online virtual 3D depiction intended to map an entire city. The Virtual Helsinki project was eventually renamed Helsinki Arena 2000 project and parts of the city in modern and historical context were rendered in 3D.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999, <a href="/wiki/Whyville" title="Whyville">Whyville</a>.net the first virtual world specifically for children<sup id="cite_ref-Routledge_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Routledge-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was launched with a base in game-based learning and one of the earliest virtual currency-based economies.<sup id="cite_ref-Richard_Lee_Colvin_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard_Lee_Colvin-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after, in 2000, <a href="/wiki/Habbo" title="Habbo">Habbo</a> launched and grew to become one of the most popular and longest running virtual worlds with millions of users around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Dan_Pearson_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dan_Pearson-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Virtual_world_concepts">Virtual world concepts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_world&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Virtual world concepts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Definitions for a "virtual world" include: </p> <ul><li><i>"A virtual world is something with the following characteristics: It operates using an underlying automated rule set—its physics; Each player represents an individual "in" the virtual world-that player’s character; Interaction with the world takes place in real time—if you do something, it happens pretty much when you do it; The world is shared-other people can play in the same world at the same time as you; The world is persistent-it’s still there when you’re not; It’s not the real world"</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bartle" title="Richard Bartle">Richard Bartle</a> in 2015<sup id="cite_ref-MMOs-insideout_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MMOs-insideout-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>"A simulated environment where many agents can virtually interact with each other, act and react to things, phenomena and the environment; agents can be zero or many human(s), each represented by many entities called a virtual self (an avatar), or many software agents; all action/reaction/interaction must happen in a real-time shared spatiotemporal nonpausable virtual environment; the environment may consist of many data spaces, but the collection of data spaces should constitute a shared data space, one persistent shard"</i>, by Nevelsteen in 2018<sup id="cite_ref-Nevelsteen2018-virtualworlddef_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nevelsteen2018-virtualworlddef-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>There is no generally accepted definition of virtual world, but they do require that the world be <a href="/wiki/Persistent_world" title="Persistent world">persistent</a>; in other words, the world must continue to exist even after a user exits the world, and user-made changes to the world should be preserved.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the interaction with other participants is done in real-time, time consistency is not always maintained in online virtual worlds. For example, <i>EverQuest</i> time passes faster than real-time despite using the same calendar and time units to present game time. </p><p>As <i>virtual world</i> is a general term, the virtual environment supports varying degrees of play and gaming. Some uses of the term include </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_game" title="Massively multiplayer online game">Massively multiplayer online games</a> (MMOGs) games in which a large number of players interact within a virtual world. The concept of MMO has spread to other game types such as sports, real-time strategy and others. The persistence criterion is the only criterion that separates virtual worlds from video games,<sup id="cite_ref-Bell2008-virtualworld_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell2008-virtualworld-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning that some MMO versions of RTS and FPS games resemble virtual worlds; <i><a href="/wiki/Destiny_(video_game)" title="Destiny (video game)">Destiny</a></i> is a video game that is such a pseudo virtual world. Emerging concepts include basing the terrain of such games on real satellite photos, such as those available through the <a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Google Maps</a> API or through a simple virtual <a href="/wiki/Geocaching" title="Geocaching">geocaching</a> of "<a href="/wiki/Easter_egg_(media)" title="Easter egg (media)">easter eggs</a>" on <a href="/wiki/WikiMapia" class="mw-redirect" title="WikiMapia">WikiMapia</a> or similar <a href="/wiki/Mashup_(web_application_hybrid)" title="Mashup (web application hybrid)">mash-ups</a>, where permitted; these concepts are virtual worlds making use of <a href="/wiki/Mixed_reality" title="Mixed reality">mixed reality</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_virtual_environment" title="Collaborative virtual environment">Collaborative virtual environments</a> (CVEs) designed for collaborative work in a virtual environment.</li> <li>Massively multiplayer online real-life games (MMORLGs), also called virtual social worlds,<sup id="cite_ref-Kaplan,_Andreas_M._2009_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaplan,_Andreas_M._2009-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the user can edit and alter their <a href="/wiki/Avatar_(computing)" title="Avatar (computing)">avatar</a> at will, allowing them to play a more dynamic role, or multiple roles.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economy">Economy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_world&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Virtual_economy" title="Virtual economy">Virtual economy</a></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Virtual_economy" title="Virtual economy">virtual economy</a> is the emergent property of the interaction between participants in a virtual world. While the designers have a great deal of control over the economy by the encoded mechanics of trade, it is nonetheless the actions of players that define the economic conditions of a virtual world. The economy arises as a result of the choices that players make under the scarcity of real and virtual resources such as time or currency.<sup id="cite_ref-IJMR_Article_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IJMR_Article-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2008)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-journals.tdl.org_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journals.tdl.org-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Participants have a limited time in the virtual world, as in the real world, which they must divide between task such as collecting resources, practicing trade skills, or engaging in less productive fun play. The choices they make in their interaction with the virtual world, along with the mechanics of trade and wealth acquisition, dictate the relative values of items in the economy. The economy in virtual worlds is typically driven by in-game needs such as equipment, food, or trade goods. Virtual economies like that of <a href="/wiki/Second_Life" title="Second Life">Second Life</a>, however, are almost entirely player-produced with very little link to in-game needs. While the relevance of virtual world economics to physical world economics has been questioned, it has been shown the users of virtual worlds respond to economic stimuli (such as the law of supply and demand) in the same way that people do in the physical world.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, there are often very direct corollaries between physical world economic decisions and virtual world economic decisions, such as the decision by prisoners of war in World War II to adopt cigarettes as currency and the adoption of Stones of Jordan as currency in <i>Diablo II</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-journals.tdl.org_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journals.tdl.org-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The value of objects in a virtual economy is usually linked to their usefulness and the difficulty of obtaining them. The investment of real world resources (time, membership fees, etc.) in acquisition of wealth in a virtual economy may contribute to the real world value of virtual objects.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2008)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This real world value is made obvious by the (mostly illegal) trade of virtual items on online market sites like <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayerUp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PlayerUp (page does not exist)">PlayerUp</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGE" title="IGE">IGE</a> for real world <a href="/wiki/Money" title="Money">money</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wired.com_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired.com-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent legal disputes also acknowledge the value of virtual property, even overriding the mandatory <a href="/wiki/EULA" class="mw-redirect" title="EULA">EULA</a> which many software companies use to establish that virtual property has no value and/or that users of the virtual world have no legal claim to property therein.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-escapistmagazine.com_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-escapistmagazine.com-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some industry analysts<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (September 2015)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> have moreover observed that there is a secondary industry growing behind the virtual worlds, made up by <a href="/wiki/Social_network" title="Social network">social networks</a>, websites and other projects completely devoted to virtual worlds communities and gamers. Special websites such as <a href="/wiki/GamerDNA" title="GamerDNA">GamerDNA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koinup" title="Koinup">Koinup</a> and others which serve as social networks for virtual worlds users are facing some crucial issues as the DataPortability of <a href="/wiki/Avatar_(computing)" title="Avatar (computing)">avatars</a> across many virtual worlds and MMORPGs.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Virtual worlds offer advertisers the potential for virtual advertisements, such as the <a href="/wiki/In-game_advertising" title="In-game advertising">in-game advertising</a> already found in a number of video games. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geography">Geography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_world&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The geography of virtual worlds can vary widely because the role of <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Space" title="Space">space</a> is an important design component over which the developers of virtual worlds have control and may choose to alter.<sup id="cite_ref-journals.tdl.org_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journals.tdl.org-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Virtual worlds are, at least superficially, digital instantiations of three-dimensional space. As a result, considerations of geography in virtual worlds (such as World of Warcraft) often revolve around “<a href="/wiki/Spatial_computing" title="Spatial computing">spatial</a> narratives” in which players act out a nomadic hero's journey along the lines of that present in <i>The Odyssey</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The creation of fantastic places is also a reoccurring theme in the geographic study of virtual worlds, although, perhaps counterintuitively, the heaviest users of virtual worlds often downgrade the sensory stimuli of the world's fantastic places in order to make themselves more efficient at core tasks in the world, such as killing monsters.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the geographic component of some worlds may only be a geographic veneer atop an otherwise nonspatial core structure.<sup id="cite_ref-journals.tdl.org_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journals.tdl.org-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, while imposing geographic constraints upon users when they quest for items, these constraints may be removed when they sell items in a geographically unconstrained auction house. In this way, virtual worlds may provide a glimpse into what the future economic geography of the physical world may be like as more and more goods become digital.<sup id="cite_ref-journals.tdl.org_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-journals.tdl.org-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research">Research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_world&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Virtual spaces can serve a variety of research and educational goals<sup id="cite_ref-Bloomfield2007_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloomfield2007-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and may be useful for examining human behaviour.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloomfield2007_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloomfield2007-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Offline- and virtual-world personalities differ from each other but are nevertheless significantly related which has a number of implications for <a href="/wiki/Self-verification" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-verification">self-verification</a>, <a href="/wiki/Self-enhancement" title="Self-enhancement">self-enhancement</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Personality_type" title="Personality type">personality theories</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Panic and <a href="/wiki/Agoraphobia" title="Agoraphobia">agoraphobia</a> have also been studied in a virtual world.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Given the large engagement, especially of young children in virtual worlds, there has been a steady growth in research studies involving the social, educational and even emotional impact of virtual worlds on children. The <a href="/wiki/John_D._and_Catherine_T._MacArthur_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation">John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation</a> for example have funded research into virtual worlds including, for example, how preteens explore and share information about reproductive health.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A larger set of studies on children's social and political use of the virtual world <a href="/wiki/Whyville" title="Whyville">Whyville</a>.net has also been published in the book "Connected Play: Tweens in a Virtual World" Authored by Yasmin B. Kafai, Deborah A. Fields, and Mizuko Ito.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several other research publications now specifically address the use of virtual worlds for education.<sup id="cite_ref-Routledge_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Routledge-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Second_Life_-_female_avatar_smiling_-_Jade_20180416_UPP.webm/220px--Second_Life_-_female_avatar_smiling_-_Jade_20180416_UPP.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="7" data-mwtitle="Second_Life_-_female_avatar_smiling_-_Jade_20180416_UPP.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Second_Life_-_female_avatar_smiling_-_Jade_20180416_UPP.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/Second_Life_-_female_avatar_smiling_-_Jade_20180416_UPP.webm/Second_Life_-_female_avatar_smiling_-_Jade_20180416_UPP.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/Second_Life_-_female_avatar_smiling_-_Jade_20180416_UPP.webm/Second_Life_-_female_avatar_smiling_-_Jade_20180416_UPP.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Second_Life_-_female_avatar_smiling_-_Jade_20180416_UPP.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/Second_Life_-_female_avatar_smiling_-_Jade_20180416_UPP.webm/Second_Life_-_female_avatar_smiling_-_Jade_20180416_UPP.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/Second_Life_-_female_avatar_smiling_-_Jade_20180416_UPP.webm/Second_Life_-_female_avatar_smiling_-_Jade_20180416_UPP.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/Second_Life_-_female_avatar_smiling_-_Jade_20180416_UPP.webm/Second_Life_-_female_avatar_smiling_-_Jade_20180416_UPP.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/Second_Life_-_female_avatar_smiling_-_Jade_20180416_UPP.webm/Second_Life_-_female_avatar_smiling_-_Jade_20180416_UPP.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Female avatar smiling in <i><a href="/wiki/Second_Life" title="Second Life">Second Life</a></i></figcaption></figure><p>Other research focused more on adults explores the reasons for indulging and the emotions of virtual world users. Many users seek an <a href="/wiki/Out-of-home_entertainment" title="Out-of-home entertainment">escape</a> or a comfort zone in entering these virtual worlds, as well as a sense of acceptance and freedom. Virtual worlds allow users to freely explore many facets of their personalities in ways that are not easily available to them in real life.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, users may not be able to apply this new information outside of the virtual world. Thus, virtual worlds allow for users to flourish within the world and possibly become addicted to their new virtual life which may create a challenge as far as dealing with others and in emotionally surviving within their real lives. One reason for this freedom of exploration can be attributed to the anonymity that virtual worlds provide. It gives the individual the ability to be free from social norms, family pressures or expectations they may face in their personal real world lives.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The avatar persona experiences an experience similar to an escape from reality like drug or alcohol usage for numbing pain or hiding behind it. The avatar no longer represents a simple tool or mechanism manipulated in cyberspace. Instead, it has become the individual's bridge between the physical and virtual world, a conduit through which to express oneself among other social actors.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The avatar becomes the person's alter ego; the vehicle to which one utilizes to exist among others who are all seeking the same satisfaction. </p><p>While greatly facilitating ease of interaction across time and geographic boundaries, the virtual world presents an unreal environment with instant connection and gratification. Online encounters are employed as seemingly fulfilling alternatives to “live person” relationships (Toronto, 2009).<sup id="cite_ref-Toronto,_Ellen_2009_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toronto,_Ellen_2009-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When one is ashamed, insecure, lost or just looking for something different and stimulating to engage in, virtual worlds are the perfect environment for its users. A person has unlimited access to an infinite array of opportunities to fulfill every fantasy, grant every wish, or satisfy every desire. He or she can face any fear or conquer any enemy, all at the click of a mouse (Toronto, 2009).<sup id="cite_ref-Toronto,_Ellen_2009_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toronto,_Ellen_2009-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately, virtual worlds are the place to go when real life becomes overbearing or boring. While in real life individuals hesitate to communicate their true opinions, it is easier to do so online because they do not ever have to meet the people they are talking with (Toronto, 2009).<sup id="cite_ref-Toronto,_Ellen_2009_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Toronto,_Ellen_2009-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, virtual worlds are basically a psychological escape. </p><p>Another area of research related to virtual worlds is the field of <a href="/wiki/Navigation" title="Navigation">navigation</a>. Specifically, this research investigates whether or not virtual environments are adequate learning tools in regards to real-world navigation. Psychologists at Saint Michael's College found that video game experience corresponded with ability to navigate virtual environments and complete objectives; however, that experience did not correlate with an increased ability to navigate real, physical environments.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An extensive study at the University of Washington conducted multiple experiments involving virtual navigation. One experiment had two groups of subjects, the first of which examined maps of a virtual environment, and the second of which navigated the virtual environment. The groups of subjects then completed an objective in the virtual environment. There was little difference between the two groups' performances, and what difference there was, it was in favor of the map-users. The test subjects, though, were generally unfamiliar with the virtual world <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">interface</a>, likely leading to some impaired navigation, and thus bias in the yielded analysis of the experiments. The study concluded that the interface objects made natural navigation movements impossible, and perhaps less intrusive controls for the virtual environment would reduce the effect of the impairment.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hardware">Hardware</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_world&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hardware"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike most video games, which are usually navigated using various free-ranging <a href="/wiki/Human_interface_device" title="Human interface device">human interface devices</a> (HIDs), virtual worlds are usually navigated (as of 2009) using HIDs which are designed and oriented around flat, 2-dimensional <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interfaces</a>; as most comparatively inexpensive computer <a href="/wiki/Mouse_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouse (computing)">mice</a> are manufactured and distributed for 2-dimensional UI navigation, the lack of 3D-capable HID usage among most virtual world users is likely due to both the lack of penetration of 3D-capable devices into non-niche, non-gaming markets as well as the generally higher pricing of such devices compared to 2-dimensional HIDs. Even those users who do make use of HIDs which provide such features as <a href="/wiki/Six_degrees_of_freedom" title="Six degrees of freedom">six degrees of freedom</a> often have to switch between separate 3D and 2D devices in order to navigate their respectively designed interfaces. </p><p>Like video gamers, some users of virtual world clients may also have a difficult experience with the necessity of proper graphics hardware (such as the more advanced <a href="/wiki/Graphics_processing_unit" title="Graphics processing unit">graphics processing units</a> distributed by <a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Micro Devices">AMD</a>) for the sake of reducing the frequency of less-than-fluid graphics instances in the navigation of virtual worlds. However, in part for this reason, a growing number of virtual world engines, especially serving children, are entirely browser-based requiring no software down loads or specialized computer hardware. The first virtual world of this kind was <a href="/wiki/Whyville" title="Whyville">Whyville</a>.net, launched in 1999,<sup id="cite_ref-Routledge_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Routledge-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> built by <a href="/wiki/Numedeon" title="Numedeon">Numedeon</a> inc. which obtained an early patent for its browser-based implementation.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Application_domains">Application domains</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_world&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Application domains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social">Social</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_world&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Social"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For broader coverage of this topic, see <a href="/wiki/Virtual_community" title="Virtual community">Virtual community</a>.</div> <p>Although the social interactions of participants in virtual worlds are often viewed in the context of 3D games, other forms of interaction are common as well, including forums, blogs, wikis, chatrooms, instant messaging, and video-conferences. Communities are born in places which have their own rules, topics, jokes, and even language. Members of such communities can find like-minded people to interact with, whether this be through a shared passion, the wish to share information, or a desire to meet new people and experience new things. Users may develop personalities within the community adapted to the particular world they are interacting with, which can impact the way they think and act. Internet friendships and participation online communities tend to complement existing friendships and civic participation rather than replacing or diminishing such interactions.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical">Medical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_world&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Medical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Disabled or chronically invalided people of any age can benefit enormously from experiencing the mental and emotional freedom gained by temporarily leaving their disabilities behind and doing, through the medium of their avatars, things as simple and potentially accessible to able, healthy people as walking, running, dancing, sailing, fishing, swimming, surfing, flying, skiing, gardening, exploring and other physical activities which their illnesses or disabilities prevent them from doing in real life. They may also be able to socialize, form friendships and relationships much more easily and avoid the stigma and other obstacles which would normally be attached to their disabilities. This can be much more constructive, emotionally satisfying and mentally fulfilling than passive pastimes such as television watching, playing computer games, reading or more conventional types of internet use.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Starlight_Children%27s_Foundation" title="Starlight Children's Foundation">Starlight Children's Foundation</a> helps hospitalized children (suffering from painful diseases or <a href="/wiki/Autism" title="Autism">autism</a> for example) to create a comfortable and safe environment which can expand their situation, experience interactions (when the involvement of a multiple cultures and players from around the world is factored in) they may not have been able to experience without a virtual world, healthy or sick. Virtual worlds also enable them to experience and act beyond the restrictions of their illness and help to relieve stress.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Virtual worlds can help players become more familiar and comfortable with actions they may in real-life feel reluctant or embarrassed. For example, in <a href="/wiki/World_of_Warcraft" title="World of Warcraft">World of Warcraft</a>, /dance is the emote for a dance move which a player in the virtual world can "emote" quite simply. And a familiarization with said or similar "emotes" or social skills (such as, encouragement, gratitude, problem-solving, and even kissing) in the virtual world via avatar can make the assimilation to similar forms of expression, socialization, interaction in real life smooth. Interaction with humans through avatars in the virtual world has potential to seriously expand the mechanics of one's interaction with real-life interactions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (April 2012)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial">Commercial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_world&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Commercial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As businesses compete in the real world, they also compete in virtual worlds. As there has been an increase in the buying and selling of products online (e-commerce) this twinned with the rise in the popularity of the internet, has forced businesses to adjust to accommodate the new market. </p><p>Many companies and organizations now incorporate virtual worlds as a new form of advertising. There are many advantages to using these methods of commercialization. An example of this would be Apple creating an online store within Second Life. This allows the users to browse the latest and innovative products. Players cannot actually purchase a product but having these “virtual stores” is a way of accessing a different clientele and customer demographic. The use of advertising within "virtual worlds" is a relatively new idea. This is because Virtual Worlds is a relatively new technology. Before companies would use an advertising company to promote their products. With the introduction of the prospect of commercial success within a Virtual World, companies can reduce cost and time constraints by keeping this "in-house". An obvious advantage is that it will reduce any costs and restrictions that could come into play in the real world. </p><p>Using virtual worlds gives companies the opportunity to gauge customer reaction and receive feedback. Feedback can be crucial to the development of a project as it will inform the creators exactly what users want.<sup id="cite_ref-Wasko_2011_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wasko_2011-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Using virtual worlds as a tool allows companies to test user reaction and give them feedback on products. This can be crucial as it will give the companies an insight as to what the market and customers want from new products, which can give them a competitive edge. Competitive edge is crucial in the ruthless world that is today's business. </p><p>Another use of virtual worlds business is where players can create a gathering place. Many businesses can now be involved in business-to-business commercial activity and will create a specific area within a virtual world to carry out their business. Within this space all relevant information can be held. This can be useful for a variety of reasons. Players can conduct business with companies on the other side of the world, so there are no geographical limitations, it can increase company productivity. Knowing that there is an area where help is on hand can aid the employees. Sun Microsystems have created an island in Second Life dedicated for the sole use of their employees. This is a place where people can go and seek help, exchange new ideas or to advertise a new product. </p><p>According to trade media company Virtual Worlds Management,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> commercial investments in the "virtual worlds" sector were in excess of US$425 million in Q4 2007,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and totaled US$184 million in Q1 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the selection process for defining a "virtual worlds" company in this context has been challenged by one industry blog.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="E-commerce_(legal)"><span id="E-commerce_.28legal.29"></span>E-commerce (legal)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_world&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: E-commerce (legal)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of virtual worlds have incorporated systems for sale of goods through virtual interfaces and using virtual currencies. Transfers of in-world credits typically are not bound by laws governing commerce. Such transactions may lack the oversight and protections associated with real-world commerce, and there is potential for fraudulent transactions. One example is that of <a href="/wiki/Ginko_Financial" title="Ginko Financial">Ginko Financial</a>, a bank system featured in <a href="/wiki/Second_Life" title="Second Life">Second Life</a> where avatars could deposit their real life currency after converted to <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Second_Life" title="Economy of Second Life">Linden Dollars</a> for a profit. In July 2007, residents of Second Life crowded around the ATM's in an unsuccessful attempt to withdraw their money. After a few days the ATM's along with the banks disappeared altogether. Around $700,000 in real world money was reported missing from residents in Second Life. An investigation was launched but nothing substantial ever came of finding and punishing the avatar known as Nicholas Portocarrero who was the head of <a href="/wiki/Ginko_Financial" title="Ginko Financial">Ginko Financial</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Civil and criminal laws exist in the real world and are put in place to govern people's behavior. Virtual Worlds such as <i><a href="/wiki/Eve_Online" title="Eve Online">Eve Online</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Second_Life" title="Second Life">Second Life</a></i> also have people and systems that govern them.<sup id="cite_ref-Haskins_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haskins-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Providers of online virtual spaces have more than one approach to the governing of their environments. <i><a href="/wiki/Second_Life" title="Second Life">Second Life</a></i> for instance was designed with the expectation being on the residents to establish their own community rules for appropriate behaviour. On the other hand, some virtual worlds such as <i><a href="/wiki/Habbo" title="Habbo">Habbo</a></i> enforce clear rules for behaviour,<sup id="cite_ref-Haskins_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haskins-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as seen in their terms and conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some instances, virtual worlds do not need established rules of conduct because actions such as ‘killing’ another avatar is impossible. However, if needed to, rule breakers can be punished with fines being payable through their virtual bank account, alternatively a players suspension may be put into effect.<sup id="cite_ref-Haskins_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haskins-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Instances of real world theft from a virtual world do exist, Eve Online had an incident where a bank controller stole around 200bn credits and exchanged them for real world cash amounting to £3,115.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The player in question has now been suspended as trading in-game cash for real money is against Eve Online's terms and conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entertainment">Entertainment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_world&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Entertainment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/MMOG" class="mw-redirect" title="MMOG">MMOG</a></div> <p>There are many <a href="/wiki/MMORPG" class="mw-redirect" title="MMORPG">MMORPG</a> virtual worlds out on many platforms. Most notable are <a href="/wiki/IMVU" title="IMVU">IMVU</a> for Windows, <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Home" title="PlayStation Home">PlayStation Home</a> for <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a>, and Second Life for Windows. Many Virtual worlds have shut down since launch however. Notable shutdowns are The Sims Online, The Sims Bustin Out Online Weekend Mode, PlayStation Home, and Club Penguin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Single-player_games">Single-player games</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_world&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Single-player games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some <a href="/wiki/Single-player_video_game" title="Single-player video game">single-player video games</a> contain virtual worlds populated by <a href="/wiki/Non-player_character" title="Non-player character">non-player characters</a> (NPC). Many of these allow players to save the current state of this world instance to allow stopping and restarting the virtual world at a later date. (This can be done with some multiplayer environments as well.) </p><p>The virtual worlds found in <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video games</a> are often split into discrete <a href="/wiki/Level_(video_gaming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Level (video gaming)">levels</a>. </p><p>Single-player games such as <i><a href="/wiki/Minecraft" title="Minecraft">Minecraft</a></i> have semi-infinite procedurally generated worlds that allow players to optionally create their own world without other players, and then combine skills from the game to work together with other players and create bigger and more intricate environments. These environments can then be accessed by other players, if the <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">server</a> is available to other players then they may be able to modify parts of it, such as the structure of the environment. </p><p>At one level, a more or less realistic rendered 3D space like the game world of <i><a href="/wiki/Halo_3" title="Halo 3">Halo 3</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto_V" title="Grand Theft Auto V">Grand Theft Auto V</a></i> is just as much a big database as Microsoft's Encarta encyclopedia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_in_education">Use in education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_world&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Use in education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Virtual_learning_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual learning environment">Virtual learning environment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Online_communication_between_school_and_home" title="Online communication between school and home">Online communication between school and home</a></div> <p>Virtual worlds represent a powerful new medium for instruction and education that presents many opportunities but also some challenges.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Persistence allows for continuing and growing social interactions, which themselves can serve as a basis for collaborative education. The use of virtual worlds can give teachers the opportunity to have a greater level of student participation. It allows users to be able to carry out tasks that could be difficult in the real world due to constraints and restrictions, such as cost, scheduling or location. Virtual worlds have the capability to adapt and grow to different user needs, for example, classroom teachers are able to use virtual worlds in their classroom leveraging their <a href="/wiki/Interactive_whiteboard" title="Interactive whiteboard">interactive whiteboard</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a> project <a href="/wiki/Edusim" title="Edusim">Edusim</a>. They can be a good source of user feedback, the typical paper-based resources have limitations that Virtual Worlds can overcome.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Multi-user virtual worlds with easy-to-use affordances for building are useful in project-based learning. For example, Active Worlds is used to support classroom teachers in Virginia Beach City Public Schools, the out-of-school NASA RealWorld-InWorld Engineering Design Challenge, and many after school and in school programs in EDUni-NY. Projects range from tightly scaffolded reflection spaces to open building based on student-centered designs. New York Museums AMNH and NYSci have used the medium to support STEM learning experiences for their program participants. </p><p>Virtual worlds can also be used with <a href="/wiki/Virtual_learning_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual learning environment">virtual learning environments</a>, as in the case of what is done in the Sloodle project, which aims to merge <a href="/wiki/Second_Life" title="Second Life">Second Life</a> with <a href="/wiki/Moodle" title="Moodle">Moodle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Virtual worlds allow users with specific needs and requirements to access and use the same learning materials from home as they would receive if they were physically present. Virtual worlds can help users stay up to date with relevant information and needs while also feeling as they are involved. Having the option to be able to attend a presentation via a virtual world from home or from their workplace, can help the user to be more at ease and comfortable. Although virtual worlds are used as an alternative method of communicating and interacting with students and teachers, a sense of isolation can occur such as losing certain body language cues and other more personal aspects that one would achieve if they were face to face. </p><p>Some virtual worlds also offer an environment where simulation-based activities and games allow users to experiment various phenomenon and learn the underlying physics and principles. An example is <a href="/wiki/Whyville" title="Whyville">Whyville</a> launched in 1999,<sup id="cite_ref-Richard_Lee_Colvin_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard_Lee_Colvin-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which targets kids and teenagers, offering them many opportunities to experiment, understand and learn. Topics covered in <a href="/wiki/Whyville" title="Whyville">Whyville</a> vary from physics to nutrition to ecology. Whyville also has a strong entrepreneurial structure based on user created virtual content sold in the internal virtual economy. </p><p>Some multi-user virtual worlds have become used for educational purposes and are thus called Multi-User Virtual Learning Environments (MUVLEs). Examples have included the use of <a href="/wiki/Second_Life" title="Second Life">Second Life</a> for teaching English as a foreign languages (EFL)<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many specialist types of MUVLE have particular pedagogies associated with them. For instance, <a href="/wiki/George_Siemens" title="George Siemens">George Siemens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Downes" title="Stephen Downes">Stephen Downes</a> continue to promote the use of a type of MUVLE Dave Cormier coined<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> called a '<a href="/wiki/MOOC" class="mw-redirect" title="MOOC">MOOC</a>'. Even though MOOCs were once seen as "next big thing" by universities and <a href="/wiki/Online_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Online education">online education</a> service providers such as <a href="/wiki/Blackboard_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackboard Inc">Blackboard Inc</a>, this was in fact what has been called a "stampede."<sup id="cite_ref-moocyear_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moocyear-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By early 2013, serious questions emerged about whether MOOCs were simply part of a <a href="/wiki/Hype_cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Hype cycle">hype cycle</a> and indeed following that hype whether academia was thus "MOOC'd out."<sup id="cite_ref-MOOCd_out_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOOCd_out-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FT032013_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FT032013-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_world&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Virtual_World_Language_Learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual World Language Learning">Virtual World Language Learning</a></div> <p>Language learning is the most widespread type of education in virtual worlds.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business">Business</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_world&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Business"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Online training overcomes constraints such as distance, infrastructure, accommodation costs and tight scheduling. Although <a href="/wiki/Video_conferencing" class="mw-redirect" title="Video conferencing">video conferencing</a> may be the most common tool, virtual worlds have been adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Business" title="Business">business</a> environment for <a href="/wiki/Training_and_development" title="Training and development">training employees</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, <a href="/wiki/Second_Life" title="Second Life">Second Life</a> has been used in <a href="/wiki/Business_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Business schools">business schools</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Virtual training content resembles traditional tutorials and testing of user knowledge. Despite the lack of face to face contact and impaired social linking, learning efficiency may not be adversely affected as adults need autonomy in learning and are more self-directed than younger students.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Some companies and public places allow free virtual access to their facilities as an alternative to a video or picture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_fiction">In fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_world&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: In fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_virtual_reality" title="Category:Fiction about virtual reality">Category:Fiction about virtual reality</a></div> <p>Virtual worlds, <a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">virtual reality</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cyberspace" title="Cyberspace">cyberspace</a> are popular fictional motifs. The first was probably <a href="/wiki/John_M._Ford" title="John M. Ford">John M. Ford</a>'s 1980 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Web_of_Angels" title="Web of Angels">Web of Angels</a></i>, and a prominent early example is the work of <a href="/wiki/William_Gibson" title="William Gibson">William Gibson</a>. Virtual worlds are integral to works such as <i><a href="/wiki/Tron_(franchise)" title="Tron (franchise)">Tron</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Neuromancer" title="Neuromancer">Neuromancer</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ghost_in_the_Shell" title="Ghost in the Shell">Ghost in the Shell</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Snow_Crash" title="Snow Crash">Snow Crash</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lawnmower_Man_(film)" title="The Lawnmower Man (film)">The Lawnmower Man</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lawnmower_Man_2:_Beyond_Cyberspace" title="Lawnmower Man 2: Beyond Cyberspace">Lawnmower Man 2</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/ReBoot" title="ReBoot">ReBoot</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Digimon" title="Digimon">Digimon</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Matrix_(franchise)" title="The Matrix (franchise)">The Matrix</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/MegaMan_NT_Warrior" title="MegaMan NT Warrior">MegaMan NT Warrior</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Epic_(novel)" title="Epic (novel)">Epic</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Code_Lyoko" title="Code Lyoko">Code Lyoko</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Real_Drive" title="Real Drive">Real Drive</a></i>. </p><p>In A.K. Dewdney's novel, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Planiverse" title="The Planiverse">the Planiverse</a></i> (1984), college students create a virtual world called 2DWorld, leading to contact with Arde, a two-dimensional parallel universe. </p><p>The main focus of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese cyberpunk</a>, psychological, 13-episode <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> titled <i><a href="/wiki/Serial_Experiments_Lain" title="Serial Experiments Lain">Serial Experiments Lain</a></i> (1998) is the Wired, a virtual reality world that governs the sum of all electronic communication and machines; outer receptors are used to mentally transport a person <i>into</i> the Wired itself as a uniquely different virtual <a href="/wiki/Avatar_(computing)" title="Avatar (computing)">avatar</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Yasutaka_Tsutsui" title="Yasutaka Tsutsui">Yasutaka Tsutsui</a>'s novel, <i>Gaspard in the Morning</i> (1992), is the story of an individual immersed in the virtual world of a <a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_game" title="Massively multiplayer online game">massively multiplayer online game</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plots of <a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">isekai</a> works such as <i><a href="/wiki/Moon:_Remix_RPG_Adventure" title="Moon: Remix RPG Adventure">Moon: Remix RPG Adventure</a></i> (1997),<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Digimon_Adventure_(1999_TV_series)" title="Digimon Adventure (1999 TV series)">Digimon Adventure</a></i> (1999),<sup id="cite_ref-Loveridge_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loveridge-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/.hack" title=".hack">.hack</a></i> (2002), <i><a href="/wiki/Sword_Art_Online" title="Sword Art Online">Sword Art Online</a></i> (2002),<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Summer_Wars" title="Summer Wars">Summer Wars</a></i> (2009), <i><a href="/wiki/Accel_World" title="Accel World">Accel World</a></i> (2009), <i><a href="/wiki/Ready_Player_One" title="Ready Player One">Ready Player One</a></i> (2011), <i><a href="/wiki/Jumanji_(franchise)" title="Jumanji (franchise)">Jumanji</a></i> (2017), <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Jam:_A_New_Legacy" title="Space Jam: A New Legacy">Space Jam: A New Legacy</a></i> (2021) and <i><a href="/wiki/Belle_(2021_film)" title="Belle (2021 film)">Belle</a></i> (2021) also involve the virtual worlds of <a href="/wiki/Video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Video games">video games</a>. </p><p>The fourth series of the New Zealand TV series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tribe_(1999_TV_series)" title="The Tribe (1999 TV series)">The Tribe</a></i> features the birth of Reality Space and the Virtual World that was created by Ram, the computer genius-wizard leader of The Technos. </p><p>In 2009, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_7" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Radio 7">BBC Radio 7</a> commissioned <i><a href="/wiki/Planet_B" title="Planet B">Planet B</a></i>, set in a virtual world in which a man searches for his girlfriend, believed to be dead, but in fact still alive within the world called "Planet B". The series is the biggest-ever commission for an original drama series.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The plot of "<a href="/wiki/San_Junipero" title="San Junipero">San Junipero</a>", series 3, episode 4 of the anthology TV series <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Mirror" title="Black Mirror">Black Mirror</a></i>, revolves around a virtual world in which participants can choose time periods to visit. Living people may visit only 5 hours per week; while the dying can choose to permanently preserve their consciousness there. </p><p>A South Korean sci-fi fantasy film <i><a href="/wiki/Wonderland_(2024_film)" title="Wonderland (2024 film)">Wonderland</a></i>, is about a virtual simulated place for people to reunite with a person they may not meet again, by using artificial intelligence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Future">Future</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_world&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Future"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Virtual worlds may lead to a "mobility" of labor that may impact national and organizational competitiveness in a manner similar to the changes seen with the mobility of goods and then the mobility of labor.<sup id="cite_ref-Wasko_2011_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wasko_2011-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Virtual worlds may increasingly function as centers of commerce, trade, and business.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Virtual asset trade is massive and growing; e.g., Second Life revenue reached approximately 7 million US Dollars per month, in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Real world firms, such as <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a>, have used virtual worlds to advertise their brand.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sciencedirect.com_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sciencedirect.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_world&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberspace" title="Cyberspace">Cyberspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evans_%26_Sutherland" title="Evans & Sutherland">Evans & Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_reality" title="Extended reality">Extended reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaverse" title="Metaverse">Metaverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror_world" title="Mirror world">Mirror world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multisensory_extended_reality" class="mw-redirect" title="Multisensory extended reality">Multisensory extended reality</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/OpenLife_Grid" title="OpenLife Grid">OpenLife Grid</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulated_reality" title="Simulated reality">Simulated reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatial_computing" title="Spatial computing">Spatial computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transreality_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Transreality gaming">Transreality gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_community" title="Virtual community">Virtual community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_globe" title="Virtual globe">Virtual globe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">Virtual reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viverse" title="Viverse">Viverse</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_world&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bartle2003-Designing-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bartle2003-Designing_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBartle2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bartle" title="Richard Bartle">Bartle, Richard</a> (2003). <a href="/wiki/Designing_Virtual_Worlds" title="Designing Virtual Worlds"><i>Designing Virtual Worlds</i></a>. New Riders. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-101816-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-101816-7"><bdi>978-0-13-101816-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Designing+Virtual+Worlds&rft.pub=New+Riders&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-13-101816-7&rft.aulast=Bartle&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirtual+world" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChen2022" class="citation news cs1">Chen, Brian X. (January 18, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/18/technology/personaltech/metaverse-gaming-definition.html">"What's All the Hype About the Metaverse?"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220118193054/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/18/technology/personaltech/metaverse-gaming-definition.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What%27s+All+the+Hype+About+the+Metaverse%3F&rft.date=2022-01-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Brian+X.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F01%2F18%2Ftechnology%2Fpersonaltech%2Fmetaverse-gaming-definition.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirtual+world" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sciencedirect.com-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sciencedirect.com_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sciencedirect.com_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKaplan_Andreas_M.Haenlein_Michael2010" class="citation journal cs1">Kaplan Andreas M.; Haenlein Michael (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0007681309000895">"The fairyland of Second Life: About virtual social worlds and how to use them"</a>. <i>Business Horizons</i>. <b>52</b> (6). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bushor.2009.07.002">10.1016/j.bushor.2009.07.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:45087818">45087818</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220119230126/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0007681309000895">Archived</a> from the original on January 19, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=Cult+Classic+PS1+%27Anti-RPG%27+Moon+Is+Coming+to+the+Nintendo+Switch+in+English&rft.date=2019-09-05&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Matt+T.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2F2019%2F09%2F05%2Fcult-classic-ps1-anti-rpg-moon-is-coming-to-the-nintendo-switch-in-english&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirtual+world" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loveridge-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Loveridge_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLoveridge2017" class="citation news cs1">Loveridge, Lynzee (August 19, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/the-list/2017-08-19/.120298">"The List - 8 Anime That Were Isekai Before It Was Cool"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Anime_News_Network" title="Anime News Network">Anime News Network</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190811202940/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/the-list/2017-08-19/.120298">Archived</a> from the original on August 11, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anime+News+Network&rft.atitle=The+List+-+8+Anime+That+Were+Isekai+Before+It+Was+Cool&rft.date=2017-08-19&rft.aulast=Loveridge&rft.aufirst=Lynzee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.animenewsnetwork.com%2Fthe-list%2F2017-08-19%2F.120298&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirtual+world" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKamen2017" class="citation web cs1">Kamen, Matt (October 2, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/oct/02/anime-films-tv-video-games-watch-ghost-in-the-shell-dragon-ball-ah-my-goddess-initial-d">"Anime: the 10 must-watch films and TV shows for video game lovers"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180320170834/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/oct/02/anime-films-tv-video-games-watch-ghost-in-the-shell-dragon-ball-ah-my-goddess-initial-d">Archived</a> from the original on March 20, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Anime%3A+the+10+must-watch+films+and+TV+shows+for+video+game+lovers&rft.date=2017-10-02&rft.aulast=Kamen&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2017%2Foct%2F02%2Fanime-films-tv-video-games-watch-ghost-in-the-shell-dragon-ball-ah-my-goddess-initial-d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirtual+world" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHemley2008" class="citation news cs1">Hemley, Matthew (September 30, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestage.co.uk/news/newsstory.php/21930/bbc-radio-launches-major-cross-station-sci-fi">"BBC radio launches major cross-station sci-fi season"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Stage" title="The Stage">The Stage</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081201155345/http://www.thestage.co.uk/news/newsstory.php/21930/bbc-radio-launches-major-cross-station-sci-fi">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Stage&rft.atitle=BBC+radio+launches+major+cross-station+sci-fi+season&rft.date=2008-09-30&rft.aulast=Hemley&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestage.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnewsstory.php%2F21930%2Fbbc-radio-launches-major-cross-station-sci-fi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirtual+world" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book, Betsy (March, 2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bcs.org/content/conWebDoc/3336">Virtual Worlds: today and in the future</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180815202430/https://www.bcs.org/content/conWebDoc/3336">Archived</a> 2018-08-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Access date: February 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(August 4, 2011) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://launch3.squarespace.com/blog/report-second-life-making-100m-a-year.html">Report: Second Life Making $100M a Year</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331015822/http://launch3.squarespace.com/blog/report-second-life-making-100m-a-year.html">Archived</a> 2022-03-31 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Access date: February 8, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=16497">"Gamasutra - Q&A: Coca-Cola, There.com Team For CC Metro Online World"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220314122820/https://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=16497">Archived</a> from the original on March 14, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gamasutra+-+Q%26A%3A+Coca-Cola%2C+There.com+Team+For+CC+Metro+Online+World&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fphp-bin%2Fnews_index.php%3Fstory%3D16497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirtual+world" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_world&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBartle2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bartle" title="Richard Bartle">Bartle, Richard</a> (2003). <a href="/wiki/Designing_Virtual_Worlds" title="Designing Virtual Worlds"><i>Designing Virtual Worlds</i></a>. New Riders. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-101816-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-101816-7"><bdi>978-0-13-101816-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Designing+Virtual+Worlds&rft.pub=New+Riders&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-13-101816-7&rft.aulast=Bartle&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirtual+world" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBegault1994" class="citation book cs1">Begault, Durand R. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080512002506/http://human-factors.arc.nasa.gov/publibrary/Begault_2000_3d_Sound_Multimedia.pdf"><i>3-D Sound for Virtual Reality and Multimedia</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. San Diego, CA, USA: Academic Press Professional, Inc. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2060%2F20010044352">2060/20010044352</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-084735-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-084735-8"><bdi>978-0-12-084735-8</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://human-factors.arc.nasa.gov/publibrary/Begault_2000_3d_Sound_Multimedia.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 12, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=3-D+Sound+for+Virtual+Reality+and+Multimedia&rft.place=San+Diego%2C+CA%2C+USA&rft.pub=Academic+Press+Professional%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2060%2F20010044352&rft.isbn=978-0-12-084735-8&rft.aulast=Begault&rft.aufirst=Durand+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhuman-factors.arc.nasa.gov%2Fpublibrary%2FBegault_2000_3d_Sound_Multimedia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirtual+world" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBioccaLevy1995" class="citation book cs1">Biocca, Frank; Levy, Mark R. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XmoWjyZd6pMC"><i>Communication in the Age of Virtual Reality</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Erlbaum_Associates" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Erlbaum Associates">Lawrence Erlbaum Associates</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8058-1550-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8058-1550-4"><bdi>978-0-8058-1550-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Communication+in+the+Age+of+Virtual+Reality&rft.pub=Lawrence+Erlbaum+Associates&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8058-1550-4&rft.aulast=Biocca&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.au=Levy%2C+Mark+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXmoWjyZd6pMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirtual+world" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCastronova2001" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Castronova" title="Edward Castronova">Castronova, Edward</a> (December 2001). "Virtual worlds: a first-hand account of market and society on the cyberian frontier". CESifo Working Paper No. 618. <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>: CESifo. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=294828">294828</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Virtual+worlds%3A+a+first-hand+account+of+market+and+society+on+the+cyberian+frontier&rft.date=2001-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D294828%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Castronova&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirtual+world" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCastronova2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Castronova" title="Edward Castronova">Castronova, Edward</a> (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/syntheticworlds00edwa"><i>Synthetic Worlds: The Business and Culture of Online Games</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-09626-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-09626-1"><bdi>978-0-226-09626-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Synthetic+Worlds%3A+The+Business+and+Culture+of+Online+Games&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-226-09626-1&rft.aulast=Castronova&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsyntheticworlds00edwa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirtual+world" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCastronova2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Castronova" title="Edward Castronova">Castronova, Edward</a> (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/exodustovirtualw00cast"><i>Exodus to the Virtual World: How Online Fun is Changing Reality</i></a></span>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-8412-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-8412-8"><bdi>978-1-4039-8412-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exodus+to+the+Virtual+World%3A+How+Online+Fun+is+Changing+Reality&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4039-8412-8&rft.aulast=Castronova&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fexodustovirtualw00cast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirtual+world" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCherbakov2009" class="citation journal cs1">Cherbakov, Luba, etc. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/ws-virtualspaces/index.html?S_TACT=105AGX04&S_CMP=EDU#rate">"Virtual Spaces: Enabling Immersive Collaborative Enterprise, Part 1: Introduction to the opportunities and technologies"</a>. USA: developerWorks<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Virtual+Spaces%3A+Enabling+Immersive+Collaborative+Enterprise%2C+Part+1%3A+Introduction+to+the+opportunities+and+technologies&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Cherbakov&rft.aufirst=Luba%2C+etc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fdeveloperworks%2Fwebservices%2Flibrary%2Fws-virtualspaces%2Findex.html%3FS_TACT%3D105AGX04%26S_CMP%3DEDU%23rate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirtual+world" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCombs2004" class="citation web cs1">Combs, Nate (June 7, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://terranova.blogs.com/terra_nova/2004/06/a_virtual_world.html">"A virtual world by any other name?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+virtual+world+by+any+other+name%3F&rft.date=2004-06-07&rft.aulast=Combs&rft.aufirst=Nate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fterranova.blogs.com%2Fterra_nova%2F2004%2F06%2Fa_virtual_world.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirtual+world" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKaplanHaenlein2009" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Kaplan" title="Andreas Kaplan">Kaplan, Andreas M.</a>; Haenlein, Michael (2009). "Consumer use and business potential of virtual worlds: The case of Second Life". <i>International Journal on Media Management</i>. <b>11</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">93–</span>101. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14241270903047008">10.1080/14241270903047008</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:320257">320257</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+on+Media+Management&rft.atitle=Consumer+use+and+business+potential+of+virtual+worlds%3A+The+case+of+Second+Life&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E93-%3C%2Fspan%3E101&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14241270903047008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A320257%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Andreas+M.&rft.au=Haenlein%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirtual+world" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKaplanHaenlein2009" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Kaplan" title="Andreas Kaplan">Kaplan, Andreas M.</a>; Haenlein, Michael (2009). "The fairyland of Second Life: About virtual social worlds and how to use them". <i>Business Horizons</i>. <b>52</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">563–</span>572. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bushor.2009.07.002">10.1016/j.bushor.2009.07.002</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:45087818">45087818</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Horizons&rft.atitle=The+fairyland+of+Second+Life%3A+About+virtual+social+worlds+and+how+to+use+them&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E563-%3C%2Fspan%3E572&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.bushor.2009.07.002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A45087818%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Andreas+M.&rft.au=Haenlein%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirtual+world" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLastowka2010" class="citation book cs1">Lastowka, Greg (2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/virtualjusticene00"><i>Virtual Justice</i></a></span>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14120-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14120-7"><bdi>978-0-300-14120-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Virtual+Justice&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-300-14120-7&rft.aulast=Lastowka&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvirtualjusticene00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirtual+world" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrau2003" class="citation book cs1">Grau, Oliver (2003). <i>Virtual Art. From Illusion to Immersion</i>. MIT Press, Cambridge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Virtual+Art.+From+Illusion+to+Immersion&rft.pub=MIT+Press%2C+Cambridge.&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Grau&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirtual+world" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLinden_Lab2009" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Linden_Lab" title="Linden Lab">Linden Lab</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707124515/http://secondlifegrid.net.s3.amazonaws.com/docs/Second_Life_Case_OpenU_EN.pdf">"The Open University in Second Life: An Education Case Study"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://secondlifegrid.net.s3.amazonaws.com/docs/Second_Life_Case_OpenU_EN.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 7, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Open+University+in+Second+Life%3A+An+Education+Case+Study&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Linden+Lab&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsecondlifegrid.net.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fdocs%2FSecond_Life_Case_OpenU_EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirtual+world" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMennecke2008" class="citation journal cs1">Mennecke, Brian E. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719210743/http://www.bus.iastate.edu/mennecke/CAIS-Vol22-Article20.pdf">"Second Life and other Virtual Worlds: A Roadmap for Research"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Communications of the AIS</i>. <b>20</b> (20). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bus.iastate.edu/mennecke/CAIS-Vol22-Article20.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 19, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+AIS&rft.atitle=Second+Life+and+other+Virtual+Worlds%3A+A+Roadmap+for+Research&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=20&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Mennecke&rft.aufirst=Brian+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bus.iastate.edu%2Fmennecke%2FCAIS-Vol22-Article20.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirtual+world" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWaskoTeiglandLeidnerJarvenpaa2011" class="citation journal cs1">Wasko, Molly; Teigland, Robin; Leidner, Dorothy; Jarvenpaa, Sirkka (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://egamersworld.com/uploads/files/MISQ-SI-on-VWs_intro1.pdf">"Stepping into the Internet: New Ventures in Virtual Worlds"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>MIS Quarterly</i>. <b>35</b> (3): 645. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F23042801">10.2307/23042801</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23042801">23042801</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:61249322">61249322</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MIS+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Stepping+into+the+Internet%3A+New+Ventures+in+Virtual+Worlds&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=645&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A61249322%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23042801%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F23042801&rft.aulast=Wasko&rft.aufirst=Molly&rft.au=Teigland%2C+Robin&rft.au=Leidner%2C+Dorothy&rft.au=Jarvenpaa%2C+Sirkka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fegamersworld.com%2Fuploads%2Ffiles%2FMISQ-SI-on-VWs_intro1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirtual+world" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Teixeira, Marcelo Mendonça; Ferreira, Tiago Alessandro Espinola (2014). The communication model of virtual universe. Munich: Grin Verlag.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_world&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intellectbooks.co.uk/journals/view-Journal,id=164/">Journal of Gaming & Virtual Worlds</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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title="Persistent world">Persistent world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projection_augmented_model" title="Projection augmented model">Projection augmented model</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Room-scale" title="Room-scale">Room-scale</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_degrees_of_freedom" title="Six degrees of freedom">Six degrees of freedom (6DoF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatial_computing" title="Spatial computing">Spatial computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telepresence" title="Telepresence">Telepresence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_applications" title="Virtual reality applications">Virtual reality applications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_sickness" title="Virtual reality sickness">Virtual reality sickness</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Virtual world</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filter_(social_media)" title="Filter (social media)">Camera filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantified_self" title="Quantified self">Quantified self</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_life" title="Real life">Real life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen-door_effect" title="Screen-door effect">Screen-door effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulation_hypothesis" title="Simulation hypothesis">Simulation hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncanny_valley" title="Uncanny valley">Uncanny valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTuber" title="VTuber">VTuber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web3" title="Web3">Web3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Display</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EyeTap" title="EyeTap">EyeTap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head-mounted_display" title="Head-mounted display">Head-mounted display</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_head-mounted_display" title="Optical head-mounted display">optical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head-up_display" title="Head-up display">Head-up display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancake_lens#Other_uses" title="Pancake lens">Pancake lens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smartglasses" title="Smartglasses">Smartglasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_headset" title="Virtual reality headset">Virtual reality headset</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_virtual_reality_headsets" title="List of virtual reality headsets">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_retinal_display" title="Virtual retinal display">Virtual retinal display</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3D interaction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface" title="Brain–computer interface">Brain–computer interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_tracking" title="Eye tracking">Eye tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facial_motion_capture" title="Facial motion capture">Facial motion capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_tracking" title="Finger tracking">Finger/hand tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pose_tracking" title="Pose tracking">Pose tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_localization_and_mapping" title="Simultaneous localization and mapping">Simultaneous localization and mapping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asynchronous_reprojection" title="Asynchronous reprojection">Asynchronous reprojection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foveated_rendering" title="Foveated rendering">Foveated rendering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image-based_modeling_and_rendering" title="Image-based modeling and rendering">Image-based modeling and rendering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3D_audio_effect" title="3D audio effect">Spatial audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Photography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/360-degree_video" title="360-degree video">360-degree video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_viewpoint_television" title="Free viewpoint television">Free viewpoint television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnidirectional_(360-degree)_camera" title="Omnidirectional (360-degree) camera">Omnidirectional (360-degree) camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR_photography" title="VR photography">VR photography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haptic_suit" title="Haptic suit">Haptic suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnidirectional_treadmill" title="Omnidirectional treadmill">Omnidirectional treadmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wearable_computer" title="Wearable computer">Wearable computer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_accessories" title="Category:Virtual reality accessories">Peripherals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberith_Virtualizer" title="Cyberith Virtualizer">Cyberith Virtualizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_Motion" title="Leap Motion">Leap Motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Touch" title="Oculus Touch">Oculus Touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Move" title="PlayStation Move">PlayStation Move</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razer_Hydra" title="Razer Hydra">Razer Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuix_Omni" title="Virtuix Omni">Virtuix Omni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wired_glove" title="Wired glove">Wired glove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizdish_ROVR" title="Wizdish ROVR">Wizdish ROVR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_organizations" title="Category:Virtual reality organizations">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brilliant_Labs" title="Brilliant Labs">Brilliant Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ByteDance" title="ByteDance">ByteDance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTC" title="HTC">HTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khronos_Group" title="Khronos Group">Khronos Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Leap" title="Magic Leap">Magic Leap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Platforms" title="Meta Platforms">Meta Platforms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reality_Labs" title="Reality Labs">Reality Labs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niantic,_Inc." title="Niantic, Inc.">Niantic, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimax" title="Pimax">Pimax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rokoko_(company)" title="Rokoko (company)">Rokoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Electronics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve_Corporation" title="Valve Corporation">Valve Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varjo" title="Varjo">Varjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuzix" title="Vuzix">Vuzix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_headsets" title="Category:Virtual reality headsets">Devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Vision_Pro" title="Apple Vision Pro">Apple Vision Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden-i" title="Golden-i">Golden-i headsets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTC_Vive" title="HTC Vive">HTC Vive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Leap" title="Magic Leap">Magic Leap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest_3" title="Meta Quest 3">Meta Quest 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest_3S" title="Meta Quest 3S">3S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Virtual_Reality" title="Open Source Virtual Reality">Open Source Virtual Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICO_4" title="PICO 4">PICO 4 Ultra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimax" title="Pimax">Pimax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_VR2" title="PlayStation VR2">PlayStation VR2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve_Index" title="Valve Index">Valve Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuzix" title="Vuzix">Vuzix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AntVR" title="AntVR">AntVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CastAR" title="CastAR">castAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VPL_Research" title="VPL Research">EyePhone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cardboard" title="Google Cardboard">Google Cardboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Daydream" title="Google Daydream">Google Daydream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Glass" title="Google Glass">Google Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_Image" title="Liquid Image">Liquid Image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest_Pro" title="Meta Quest Pro">Meta Quest Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_HoloLens" title="Microsoft HoloLens">Microsoft HoloLens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HoloLens_2" title="HoloLens 2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Go" title="Oculus Go">Oculus Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Quest" title="Oculus Quest">Oculus Quest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_2" title="Quest 2">Oculus/Meta Quest 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift" title="Oculus Rift">Oculus Rift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift_CV1" title="Oculus Rift CV1">CV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift_S" title="Oculus Rift S">S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PICO_4" title="PICO 4">PICO 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_VR" title="PlayStation VR">PlayStation VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Gear_VR" title="Samsung Gear VR">Samsung Gear VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensorama" title="Sensorama">Sensorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SixthSense" title="SixthSense">SixthSense</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sword_of_Damocles_(virtual_reality)" title="The Sword of Damocles (virtual reality)">The Sword of Damocles</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VFX1_Headgear" title="VFX1 Headgear">VFX1 Headgear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Boy" title="Virtual Boy">Virtual Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_fixture" title="Virtual fixture">Virtual fixture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuality_(product)" title="Virtuality (product)">Virtuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VR-1" title="VR-1">VR-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unreleased</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Iris" title="Project Iris">Project Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_VR" title="Sega VR">Sega VR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_works" title="Category:Virtual reality works">Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_art" title="Interactive art">Interactive art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_graffiti" title="Virtual graffiti">Virtual graffiti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaverse" title="Metaverse">Metaverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pervasive_game" title="Pervasive game">Pervasive game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_software_related_to_augmented_reality" title="List of software related to augmented reality">Software related to augmented reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_game" title="Virtual reality game">Virtual reality game</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating systems and<br />desktop environments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Android_XR" title="Android XR">Android XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Horizon_OS" title="Meta Horizon OS">Meta Horizon OS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Horizon_OS_version_history" title="Meta Horizon OS version history">version history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS" title="VisionOS">visionOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mixed_Reality" title="Windows Mixed Reality">Windows Mixed Reality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development tools and<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Video_game_engines" title="Category:Video game engines">game engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-Frame_(virtual_reality_framework)" title="A-Frame (virtual reality framework)">A-Frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARCore" title="ARCore">ARCore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARKit" title="ARKit">ARKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARToolKit" title="ARToolKit">ARToolKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godot_(game_engine)" title="Godot (game engine)">Godot Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jetpack_Compose" title="Jetpack Compose">Jetpack Compose XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Horizon_OS" title="Meta Horizon OS">Meta Spatial SDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenVR" title="OpenVR">OpenVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenXR" title="OpenXR">OpenXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS" title="VisionOS">RealityKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%26box" title="S&box">S&box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SwiftUI" title="SwiftUI">SwiftUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisionOS_2" class="mw-redirect" title="VisionOS 2">TabletopKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_(game_engine)" title="Unity (game engine)">Unity</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Universal_Scene_Description" title="Universal Scene Description">Universal Scene Description</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unreal_Engine" title="Unreal Engine">Unreal Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuforia_Augmented_Reality_SDK" title="Vuforia Augmented Reality SDK">Vuforia Augmented Reality SDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_games" title="Category:Virtual reality games">Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_HTC_Vive_games" title="List of HTC Vive games">List of HTC Vive games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Meta_Quest_games" title="List of Meta Quest games">List of Meta Quest games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oculus_Rift_games" title="List of Oculus Rift games">List of Oculus Rift games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_VR_games" title="List of PlayStation VR games">List of PlayStation VR games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_VR2_games" title="List of PlayStation VR2 games">VR2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_communities" title="Category:Virtual reality communities">Communities and<br />social networks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AltspaceVR" title="AltspaceVR">AltspaceVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a> for visionOS</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horizon_Worlds" title="Horizon Worlds">Horizon Worlds</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeosVR" title="NeosVR">NeosVR</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rec_Room_(video_game)" title="Rec Room (video game)">Rec Room</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resonite" title="Resonite">Resonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansar_(video_game)" title="Sansar (video game)">Sansar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensorium_Corporation" title="Sensorium Corporation">Sensorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinespace" title="Sinespace">Sinespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VRChat" title="VRChat">VRChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTime_XR" title="VTime XR">VTime XR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality_pioneers" title="Category:Virtual reality pioneers">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Bekaert" title="Philippe Bekaert">Philippe Bekaert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Benayoun" title="Maurice Benayoun">Maurice Benayoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Birrell" title="Simon Birrell">Simon Birrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Bolas" title="Mark Bolas">Mark Bolas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Bradley_(actor)" title="Brendan Bradley (actor)">Brendan Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Brooks" title="Fred Brooks">Fred Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%A1tjan_Burger" title="Boštjan Burger">Boštjan Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carmack" title="John Carmack">John Carmack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Cook" title="Tim Cook">Tim Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Cruz-Neira" title="Carolina Cruz-Neira">Carolina Cruz-Neira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ela_Darling" title="Ela Darling">Ela Darling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Char_Davies" title="Char Davies">Char Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._DeFanti" title="Thomas A. DeFanti">Thomas A. DeFanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_K._Feiner" title="Steven K. Feiner">Steven K. Feiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Fisher_(technologist)" title="Scott Fisher (technologist)">Scott Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Foster_II" title="Jerome Foster II">Jerome Foster II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fuchs" title="Henry Fuchs">Henry Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Furness_III" title="Thomas A. Furness III">Thomas A. Furness III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_Heilig" title="Morton Heilig">Morton Heilig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Howlett" title="Eric Howlett">Eric Howlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Iribe" title="Brendan Iribe">Brendan Iribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myron_W._Krueger" title="Myron W. Krueger">Myron W. Krueger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaron_Lanier" title="Jaron Lanier">Jaron Lanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Laurel" title="Brenda Laurel">Brenda Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ming_C._Lin" title="Ming C. Lin">Ming C. Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Bowen_Loftin" title="R. Bowen Loftin">R. Bowen Loftin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmer_Luckey" title="Palmer Luckey">Palmer Luckey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Stephen_Meadows" title="Mark Stephen Meadows">Mark Stephen Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_and_Uri_Kranot" title="Michelle and Uri Kranot">Michelle and Uri Kranot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Parisi_(software_developer)" title="Tony Parisi (software developer)">Tony Parisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonny_de_la_Pe%C3%B1a" title="Nonny de la Peña">Nonny de la Peña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elia_Petridis" title="Elia Petridis">Elia Petridis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundar_Pichai" title="Sundar Pichai">Sundar Pichai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Robinett" title="Warren Robinett">Warren Robinett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_J._Rosenblum" title="Lawrence J. Rosenblum">Lawrence J. Rosenblum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Sandin" title="Daniel J. Sandin">Daniel J. Sandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Schmalstieg" title="Dieter Schmalstieg">Dieter Schmalstieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Sproull" title="Bob Sproull">Bob Sproull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Stenger" title="Nicole Stenger">Nicole Stenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sutherland" title="Ivan Sutherland">Ivan Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tachi" title="Susumu Tachi">Susumu Tachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunpei_Yokoi" title="Gunpei Yokoi">Gunpei Yokoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg" title="Mark Zuckerberg">Mark Zuckerberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_virtual_reality" title="Category:Fiction about virtual reality">In</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fiction_about_augmented_reality" title="Category:Fiction about augmented reality">fiction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Accel_World" title="Accel World">Accel World</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Accel_World:_Infinite_Burst" title="Accel World: Infinite Burst">Infinite Burst</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Futurama" title="Futurama">Futurama</a></i>: <i><a href="/wiki/Attack_of_the_Killer_App" title="Attack of the Killer App">Attack of the Killer App</a></i></li> <li>Some <a href="/wiki/List_of_Black_Mirror_episodes" title="List of Black Mirror episodes">episodes</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Mirror" title="Black Mirror">Black Mirror</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Code_Lyoko" title="Code Lyoko">Code Lyoko</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Code_Lyoko:_Evolution" title="Code Lyoko: Evolution">Evolution</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Den-noh_Coil" title="Den-noh Coil">Den-noh Coil</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Digimon" title="Digimon">Digimon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dreamland_Chronicles" title="The Dreamland Chronicles">The Dreamland Chronicles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gundam_Build_Divers" title="Gundam Build Divers">Gundam Build Divers</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gundam_Build_Divers_Re:Rise" title="Gundam Build Divers Re:Rise">Re:Rise</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gundam_Build_Metaverse" title="Gundam Build Metaverse">Gundam Build Metaverse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a>'</i>s <a href="/wiki/Holodeck" title="Holodeck">Holodeck</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jumanji_(franchise)" title="Jumanji (franchise)">Jumanji</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jumanji:_The_Next_Level" title="Jumanji: The Next Level">The Next Level</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jumanji:_Welcome_to_the_Jungle" title="Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle">Welcome to the Jungle</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kiss_Me_First_(TV_series)" title="Kiss Me First (TV series)">Kiss Me First</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Matrix_(franchise)" title="The Matrix (franchise)">The Matrix</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Matrix" title="The Matrix">film</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Netrunner" title="Netrunner">Netrunner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neuromancer" title="Neuromancer">Neuromancer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ready_Player_One" title="Ready Player One">Ready Player One</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ready_Player_One_(film)" title="Ready Player One (film)">film</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ready_Player_Two" title="Ready Player Two">Ready Player Two</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Snow_Crash" title="Snow Crash">Snow Crash</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superhot" title="Superhot">Superhot</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Superhot:_Mind_Control_Delete" title="Superhot: Mind Control Delete">Mind Control Delete</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superhuman_Samurai_Syber-Squad" title="Superhuman Samurai Syber-Squad">Superhuman Samurai 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Extended_reality" title="Category:Extended reality">Category</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Augmented_reality" title="Category:Augmented reality">Augmented reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mixed_reality" title="Category:Mixed reality">Mixed reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality" title="Category:Virtual reality">Virtual reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Metaverse" title="Category:Metaverse">Metaverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spatial_computing" title="Category:Spatial computing">Spatial computing</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Extended_Reality" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Extended Reality">Commons</a> <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Augmented_reality" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Augmented reality">Augmented reality</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mixed_reality" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mixed reality">Mixed reality</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virtual_reality" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Virtual reality">Virtual reality</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Metaverse" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Metaverse">Metaverse</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Multiplayer_video_games55" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Multiplayer_online_games" title="Template:Multiplayer online games"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Multiplayer_online_games" title="Template talk:Multiplayer online games"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Multiplayer_online_games" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Multiplayer online games"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Multiplayer_video_games55" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Multiplayer_video_game" title="Multiplayer video game">Multiplayer video games</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_video_game" title="Cooperative video game">Cooperative gameplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_game" title="Massively multiplayer online game">Massively multiplayer online game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_first-person_shooter_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Massively multiplayer online first-person shooter game">MMOFPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_role-playing_game" title="Massively multiplayer online role-playing game">MMORPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_real-time_strategy_game" title="Massively multiplayer online real-time strategy game">MMORTS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-user_dungeon" title="Multi-user dungeon">MUD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_online_games" title="History of online games">History of online games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_massively_multiplayer_online_games" title="History of massively multiplayer online games">History of massively multiplayer online games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_economy" title="Virtual economy">Virtual economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_tax" title="Virtual tax">Virtual tax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_interaction_in_MMORPGs" title="Social interaction in MMORPGs">Social interaction in MMORPGs</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Virtual world</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persistent_world" title="Persistent world">Persistent world</a></li></ul></li> <li><a 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data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>32 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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[\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite patent\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 18,\n [\"Clarify\"] = 2,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Virtual World\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 5,\n [\"Main\"] = 2,\n [\"Mixed reality\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiplayer online games\"] = 1,\n [\"Original research inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 3,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Usurped\"] = 2,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 17,\n [\"Who\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-fb96cc848-7bd2l","timestamp":"20250403033828","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Virtual 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