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title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-發展歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#發展歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>發展歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-發展歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-題材種類[1]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#題材種類[1]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>題材種類<sup><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-題材種類[1]-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关題材種類<sup><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></sup>子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-題材種類[1]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-文學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>文學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-植物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#植物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>植物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-植物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-動物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#動物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>動物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-動物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-佛教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#佛教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>佛教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-佛教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>其他類</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-主要技法[2]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主要技法[2]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>主要技法<sup><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-主要技法[2]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他技法[3]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他技法[3]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>其他技法<sup><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-其他技法[3]-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关其他技法<sup><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></sup>子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-其他技法[3]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-背景樣式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#背景樣式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>背景樣式</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-背景樣式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-線條表現" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#線條表現"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>線條表現</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-線條表現-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-彩色粉末" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#彩色粉末"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>彩色粉末</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-彩色粉末-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-貼片" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#貼片"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>貼片</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-貼片-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化交流" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化交流"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>文化交流</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文化交流-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关文化交流子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-文化交流-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-歐日交流[4]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歐日交流[4]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>歐日交流<sup><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歐日交流[4]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中日交流[5]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中日交流[5]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>中日交流<sup><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中日交流[5]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-台灣蒔繪" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#台灣蒔繪"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>台灣蒔繪</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-台灣蒔繪-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">蒔繪</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。14种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maki-e" title="Maki-e – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Maki-e" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maki-e" title="Maki-e – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Maki-e" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maki-e" title="Maki-e – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Maki-e" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maki-e" title="Maki-e – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Maki-e" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maki-e" title="Maki-e – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Maki-e" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makie" title="Makie – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Makie" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%94%E7%B5%B5" title="蒔絵 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="蒔絵" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98-%E1%83%94" title="მაკი-ე – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაკი-ე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%ED%82%A4%EC%97%90" title="마키에 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마키에" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF-%E0%B4%87" title="മാകി-ഇ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാകി-ഇ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF-%E0%A4%87" title="मकि-इ – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मकि-इ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maki-e" title="Maki-e – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Maki-e" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D1%8D" title="Маки-э – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маки-э" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maki-e" title="Maki-e – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Maki-e" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Maki-e" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2083390" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Makie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Makie.jpg/230px-Makie.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Makie.jpg/345px-Makie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Makie.jpg/460px-Makie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2034" data-file-height="2035" /></a><figcaption>漆器屏風上蒔絵的菊</figcaption></figure> <p><b>蒔繪</b>（日语：<span title="漢字或假名表記（原文）"><span lang="ja">蒔絵</span></span><small>／</small><span title="平假名表記"><span lang="ja">まきえ</span></span><sup> <span title="羅馬字表記" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" lang="ja-Latn">Makie</span></sup>），是在<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%86%E5%99%A8" title="漆器">漆器</a>上以金、銀、色粉等材料所繪製而成的紋樣裝飾，為<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>的傳統工藝技術。利用漆的黏性，將銀粉或金粉依照想要的圖樣，固定於漆器上的技法稱作蒔繪。「漆」指的是<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%86%E6%A8%B9" title="漆樹">漆樹</a>的汁液，塗抹於器具上，除了可以固定銀粉、金粉，也可以使器具更有光澤。蒔繪的紋樣題材眾多，技法則是隨著時代不斷改良、推陳出新。日本的國寶中有許多都是蒔繪的作品，如《八橋蒔繪螺鈿硯箱》、《片輪車蒔繪螺鈿手箱》等。由於日本在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="江戶時期">江戶時期</a>或更早的年代，與許多歐洲國家有過貿易往來，在現在一些歐洲國家的博物館亦可見到日本蒔繪的蹤跡；如<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%92%8C%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="維多利亞和阿爾伯特博物館">維多利亞和阿爾伯特博物館</a>所藏的《樓閣人物源氏物語蒔繪箱》，為<a href="/wiki/17%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="17世紀">17世紀</a>日本實施<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%81%E5%9B%BD_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC)" title="锁国 (日本)">鎖國</a>時，由當時的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭東印度公司">荷蘭東印度公司</a>向日本購買的作品。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="發展歷史"><span id=".E7.99.BC.E5.B1.95.E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>發展歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%94%E7%B9%AA&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：發展歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>早前在日本国内，关於莳绘的由来学界也说法不一。著名漆艺家松田权六在《漆论》中，曾指出莳绘起源於“末金缕”，是用金属粉末和漆混合，然后再描绘的一种泥金漆画，起源於奈良时代。漆艺家六角大壤在《莳绘技法》一书中则认为，莳绘起源於平安时期，以日本正仓院所藏的御物“金银钿装唐大刀”为依据，认为莳绘是日本自创并独有的漆艺技术。但漆艺家王世襄则指出，日本所藏唐样大刀乃是中国唐代所製，而莳绘的前身“末金缕”也是由中国传入日本的。此后，松田权六访问中国时，在观看大量战国出土文物后，借其《漆论》再版之际，纠正了自己原先的看法。 </p><p>日本最早有關蒔繪技術的藏品為正倉院的「金銀鈿荘唐大刀」，年代約在奈良時代末期。在這把唐大刀的刀鞘上可看見金色紋飾，稱作「末金鏤」。「末金鏤」一詞出自《東大寺獻物帳》（日文：東大寺献物帳）：「鞘上末金鏤作。」末金鏤與後來的研出蒔繪相似，且比「蒔繪」一詞早出現，被認為是日本蒔繪的前身。 </p><p>在平安時代，由於金銀粉的精製技術尚未成熟，此時流行的蒔繪技法為「研出蒔繪」。先前介紹的「金銀鈿荘唐大刀」也屬於研出蒔繪的一種。研出蒔繪的作法為，先塗上一層漆，撒上金粉後，整片繪畫區域再塗一層漆，最後用木炭慢慢磨平表面顯露出金粉層。 </p><p><br /> 平安時代末期，隨著金銀粉製作技術的進步，出現「平蒔繪」的技法。平蒔繪的作法與研出蒔繪相似。差別在於平蒔繪撒上金粉後，只在紋飾部分上第二層漆，最後將表面磨平。安土桃山時代的<a class="external text" href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/高台寺">高台寺</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210119114713/https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%B0%E5%AF%BA">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）的紋飾即以平蒔繪為主。 </p><p>鎌倉時代出現「高蒔繪」技法。高蒔繪為在紋樣部分塗抹較厚的漆，使之凸起,有立體感。相較於其他蒔繪技法，高蒔繪的橫切面比較「高」。 </p><p>室町時代將「研出蒔繪」與「高蒔繪」融合，發展出「肉合蒔繪」。除了塗抹較厚的漆外，也使用木炭研磨。然而與研出蒔繪不同的是，肉合蒔繪保留部分漆層，讓表面看起來較為光滑。 </p><p>江戶時代是日本蒔繪的全盛時期，出現許多有名的蒔繪師，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BE%E5%BD%A2%E5%85%89%E7%90%B3" title="尾形光琳">尾形光琳</a>、小川破笠等。在江戶時代中期還出現與庶民文化為題材的「元祿文化」。 </p><p>明治維新以後，蒔繪沉寂了一段時間。後來日本國粹逐漸受到重視,美術學校相繼成立，因而留住了蒔繪這項傳統。 </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1115px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WritingBox_EightBridges_OgataKorin.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="此為元祿文化的作品。描繪日本文學作品《伊勢物語》第9段中的「八橋」場景。江戶時期，尾形光琳，《八橋蒔繪螺鈿硯箱》，日本東京國立博物館藏。"><img alt="此為元祿文化的作品。描繪日本文學作品《伊勢物語》第9段中的「八橋」場景。江戶時期，尾形光琳，《八橋蒔繪螺鈿硯箱》，日本東京國立博物館藏。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/WritingBox_EightBridges_OgataKorin.JPG/178px-WritingBox_EightBridges_OgataKorin.JPG" decoding="async" width="178" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/WritingBox_EightBridges_OgataKorin.JPG/267px-WritingBox_EightBridges_OgataKorin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/WritingBox_EightBridges_OgataKorin.JPG/356px-WritingBox_EightBridges_OgataKorin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1270" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">此為元祿文化的作品。描繪日本文學作品《伊勢物語》第9段中的「八橋」場景。江戶時期，尾形光琳，《八橋蒔繪螺鈿硯箱》，日本東京國立博物館藏。</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="題材種類[1]"><span id=".E9.A1.8C.E6.9D.90.E7.A8.AE.E9.A1.9E.5B1.5D"></span>題材種類<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%94%E7%B9%AA&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：題材種類[1]"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="文學"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.B8"></span>文學</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%94%E7%B9%AA&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：文學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>有《<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%90%E6%B0%8F%E7%89%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="源氏物語">源氏物語</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%8B%A2%E7%89%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="伊勢物語">伊勢物語</a>》、<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E6%AD%8C" title="和歌">和歌</a>等。 </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1115px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Periodo_edo,_scatola_per_scrittura,_di_hon%27ami_koetsu,_XVII_sec.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="和歌的詩句散落在蓋子上。江戶時期，本阿弥光悦作，《舟橋蒔繪硯箱》（日语：舟橋蒔絵硯箱），東京國立博物館。"><img alt="和歌的詩句散落在蓋子上。江戶時期，本阿弥光悦作，《舟橋蒔繪硯箱》（日语：舟橋蒔絵硯箱），東京國立博物館。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Periodo_edo%2C_scatola_per_scrittura%2C_di_hon%27ami_koetsu%2C_XVII_sec.JPG/169px-Periodo_edo%2C_scatola_per_scrittura%2C_di_hon%27ami_koetsu%2C_XVII_sec.JPG" decoding="async" width="169" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Periodo_edo%2C_scatola_per_scrittura%2C_di_hon%27ami_koetsu%2C_XVII_sec.JPG/253px-Periodo_edo%2C_scatola_per_scrittura%2C_di_hon%27ami_koetsu%2C_XVII_sec.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Periodo_edo%2C_scatola_per_scrittura%2C_di_hon%27ami_koetsu%2C_XVII_sec.JPG/338px-Periodo_edo%2C_scatola_per_scrittura%2C_di_hon%27ami_koetsu%2C_XVII_sec.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1462" data-file-height="1212" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">和歌的詩句散落在蓋子上。江戶時期，本阿弥光悦作，《舟橋蒔繪硯箱》（日语：<span lang="ja">舟橋蒔絵硯箱</span>），<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="東京國立博物館">東京國立博物館</a>。</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="植物"><span id=".E6.A4.8D.E7.89.A9"></span>植物</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%94%E7%B9%AA&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：植物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%B9" title="竹">竹</a>：比喻君子高風亮節。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="松">松</a>：日本比喻為神居住的樹。 </p><p>蔦：蔦會攀附在其他植物或建築物上，在日本被比喻為依偎的意思。 </p><p>鐵線：鐵線的莖細長堅韌，因此被稱作鐵線。常最為裝飾植物。桃山時代的服飾或器物即可見鐵線紋飾。 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85" title="梅">梅</a>：象徵高貴脫俗的氣節。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="平安時代">平安時代</a>的日本文學家<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%85%E5%8E%9F%E9%81%93%E7%9C%9F" title="菅原道真">菅原道真</a>喜愛梅花，之後梅花便被廣為喜愛 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%AB%BB" class="mw-disambig" title="櫻">櫻</a>：日本的國花。約在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="平安時代">平安時代</a>時被廣為喜愛。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%98" title="橘">橘</a>：象徵長生不老。日本貴族姓氏之一「橘氏」，其家紋即為橘紋。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="菊">菊</a>：象徵長生不老。菊為日本皇室常見的家徽。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E8%98%AD" title="春蘭">春蘭</a>：春天開花，比喻芳潔美好。 </p><p>紅葉：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%93%E8%91%89" title="楓葉">楓葉</a>在日本稱為紅葉。常作為秋景的代表。 </p><p>唐草：唐草是在中國唐朝時傳來日本，在日本<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="奈良時代">奈良時代</a>十分流行。在日本有繁榮茂盛、長久的比喻。 </p><p>萩：萩生長在水邊。自<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="平安時代">平安時代</a>以來就不斷地作為裝飾紋樣的題材。 </p><p>土筆：早春時地下莖冒出地面，其嫩芽的形狀像是毛筆,因而稱為土筆。常被紋飾化，作為春景。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B2%E5%85%AC%E8%8B%B1" title="蒲公英">蒲公英</a>：蒲公英春天生長，春景之一。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A4" title="藤">藤</a>：常作為家紋，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="平安時代">平安時代</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A4%E5%8E%9F%E6%B0%8F" title="藤原氏">藤原氏</a>即以藤紋為代表。 </p><p>瓢：瓢為對半的<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%AB%E8%98%86" class="mw-redirect" title="葫蘆">葫蘆</a>。葫蘆多子，被喻為繁茂之意。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="動物"><span id=".E5.8B.95.E7.89.A9"></span>動物</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%94%E7%B9%AA&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：動物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="龍">龍</a>鳳：龍鳳圖案是從中國傳到日本，後成為天皇的圖案。象徵永生不死。 </p><p>龜、鶴：龜萬年、鶴千年，兩者都象徵長生不老，是受到中國蓬萊神仙思想的影響。 </p><p>千鳥：千鳥指的是成群的鳥。 </p><p>海松貝：海松為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%97%BB" title="海藻">海藻</a>，海藻依附在貝上，因而稱為「海松貝」。海松貝象徵海洋，是<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%83%E5%B1%B1%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="桃山時代">桃山時代</a>出現的蒔繪圖樣。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%BB%E8%9C%93" title="蜻蜓">蜻蜓</a>：在水草處飛翔。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%9D%B4%E8%9D%B6" title="蝴蝶">蝴蝶</a>：蝶與「耋」同音，代表長壽的意思。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="佛教"><span id=".E4.BD.9B.E6.95.99"></span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%94%E7%B9%AA&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：佛教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>日本在中國唐代曾多次派<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A3%E5%94%90%E4%BD%BF" title="遣唐使">遣唐使</a>與中國交流，因此在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="奈良時代">奈良時代</a>的漆器時常具有唐代風格。然而在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="平安時代">平安時代</a>時，<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%93%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="桓武天皇">桓武天皇</a>為了弱化寺院的影響力，以「<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="密宗">密宗</a>」為新佛教取代奈良時期的舊佛教。此時有關佛教題材的漆器也逐漸發展出日本的獨特樣式。佛教在漆器蒔繪中的題材有法華經（亦稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%99%E6%B3%95%E8%93%AE%E8%8F%AF%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="妙法蓮華經">妙法蓮華經</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AE%E8%8A%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="蓮花">蓮花</a>等。密宗的蒔繪題材有日輪、月輪等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他類"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E9.A1.9E"></span>其他類</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%94%E7%B9%AA&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：其他類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>片輪車：據說描繪的是安平時代的日本人為了防止車輪乾燥破裂，而將車輪浸泡在水中的情景。 </p><p>雪輪：雪花片。<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%83%E5%B1%B1%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="桃山時代">桃山時代</a>的服飾已經有雪輪紋的出現。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="扇">扇</a>：扇常見於日本傳統舞蹈、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B6%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="茶道">茶道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="香道">香道</a>等。<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%83%E5%B1%B1%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="桃山時代">桃山時代</a>開始流行將扇面的圖案裝飾在器具上。 </p><p>山水：<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%8C%E5%80%89%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="鎌倉時代">鎌倉時代</a>受到<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋朝</a>山水與<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AA%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="禪宗">禪宗</a>佛教的影響，山水水墨畫流行,追求與世隔絕的意境。此外也將山水畫轉化為蒔繪的紋飾，裝飾於工藝品上。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E7%B4%8B" title="家紋">家紋</a>：家族的徽章紋飾。日本的家紋據說有上萬種。有些家紋是為了紀念祖先，有些則是宗教信仰等。 </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1115px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Katawaguruma-raden.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="片輪車。12世紀平安時代，佚名，《片輪車蒔繪螺鈿手箱》（日文：片輪車蒔絵螺鈿手箱），日本東京國立博物館藏。"><img alt="片輪車。12世紀平安時代，佚名，《片輪車蒔繪螺鈿手箱》（日文：片輪車蒔絵螺鈿手箱），日本東京國立博物館藏。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Katawaguruma-raden.jpg/180px-Katawaguruma-raden.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Katawaguruma-raden.jpg/270px-Katawaguruma-raden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Katawaguruma-raden.jpg/360px-Katawaguruma-raden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="502" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">片輪車。12世紀平安時代，佚名，《片輪車蒔繪螺鈿手箱》（日文：片輪車蒔絵螺鈿手箱），日本東京國立博物館藏。</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="主要技法[2]"><span id=".E4.B8.BB.E8.A6.81.E6.8A.80.E6.B3.95.5B2.5D"></span>主要技法<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%94%E7%B9%AA&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：主要技法[2]"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>研出蒔繪：改良因金粒顆粒大小不一導致表面不平的缺陷。先使用漆描繪出紋樣。撒上金粉後，在整個漆器面上反覆塗漆，將金粉固定。最後再使用木炭或砥石將表面磨平，顯現出紋樣。因為研出蒔繪是整面處理，因此漆器表面十分平滑。</li></ul> <ul><li>平蒔繪：研出蒔繪需要在整面反覆塗漆，並且整面研磨，較為費時。平蒔繪在固定金粉時，只在紋樣處塗漆。最後也使用木炭研磨表面。由於平蒔繪只在紋樣處塗漆，在紋樣處會顯得較為突出。</li></ul> <ul><li>高蒔繪：繼承平蒔繪的特色。高蒔繪在紋樣上刻意用漆或木炭或漆灰（日文：錆）堆高。堆高後再撒上金粉，並研磨表面。高蒔繪相較於其他技法，著重在表面的立體感。</li></ul> <ul><li>肉合蒔繪：研出蒔繪與高蒔繪的結合。肉合蒔繪除了有高蒔繪的突起外，也重視整體表面的平滑。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="其他技法[3]"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E6.8A.80.E6.B3.95.5B3.5D"></span>其他技法<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%94%E7%B9%AA&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：其他技法[3]"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="背景樣式"><span id=".E8.83.8C.E6.99.AF.E6.A8.A3.E5.BC.8F"></span>背景樣式</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%94%E7%B9%AA&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：背景樣式"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>地蒔：在紋樣以外的地方撒上金、銀粉。</li> <li>木地：不在器具上塗漆，保留木頭紋路。然後直接在木頭上繪製紋樣，以木頭作為底色。</li> <li>黑蒔繪：以黑漆作為底色。其中以夜櫻蒔繪較為有名，描繪的是夜晚中的櫻花。</li> <li>片身替：將漆器面用曲折的線條出分成兩半，一半不灑金、銀粉，另一半則灑上金、銀粉。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="線條表現"><span id=".E7.B7.9A.E6.A2.9D.E8.A1.A8.E7.8F.BE"></span>線條表現</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%94%E7%B9%AA&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：線條表現"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>描割：常用在葉脈的表現。在葉脈處不灑金、銀粉，保留底色以表現線條。</li> <li>針描：灑上金、銀粉後，趁漆未乾時，用刀刮出線條。</li> <li>線描：灑上金、銀粉後，用沾上繪漆的筆描繪線條，因此線條部份較厚。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="彩色粉末"><span id=".E5.BD.A9.E8.89.B2.E7.B2.89.E6.9C.AB"></span>彩色粉末</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%94%E7%B9%AA&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：彩色粉末"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>蒔朱繪：在以黑漆為底的漆器上，塗上紅色顏料點綴。</li> <li>色粉蒔繪：灑完金、銀粉後，在紋樣上塗上一層薄的彩粉。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="貼片"><span id=".E8.B2.BC.E7.89.87"></span>貼片</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%94%E7%B9%AA&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：貼片"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>箔繪：將金、銀金屬片裁成想要的圖樣，再利用漆使其黏牢於漆器表面上。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化交流"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96.E4.BA.A4.E6.B5.81"></span>文化交流</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%94%E7%B9%AA&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：文化交流"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="歐日交流[4]"><span id=".E6.AD.90.E6.97.A5.E4.BA.A4.E6.B5.81.5B4.5D"></span>歐日交流<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%94%E7%B9%AA&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：歐日交流[4]"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>南蠻漆器</li></ul> <p>16世紀，歐洲各國紛紛來亞洲貿易及傳教。歐洲人受到日本蒔繪技藝的吸引，從日本訂製了以蒔繪裝飾的神龕、聖餅箱、放置聖經的書架與西方外形的洋櫃；這些漆器大多是黑色漆底，以平蒔繪及螺鈿的技法做出精緻的圖樣。當時的日本人稱歐洲人為「南蠻」，於是這些特別為歐洲人訂做並且外銷給歐洲人的漆器，便稱之為「南蠻漆器」。 </p> <ul><li>紅毛漆器</li></ul> <p>17世紀，日本實施鎖國政策，這時荷蘭人成為獨佔日本貿易的國家。此時銷往荷蘭的漆器螺鈿的用量減少，平蒔繪與高蒔繪的用量增加，常見大面積的風景繪圖，這種新的風格被稱之為「紅毛漆器」。不少蒔繪傢俱、用品，亦結合了當時西方流行的巴洛克與洛可可樣式，成為中西並蓄下的產物。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中日交流[5]"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E6.97.A5.E4.BA.A4.E6.B5.81.5B5.5D"></span>中日交流<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%94%E7%B9%AA&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：中日交流[5]"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>日本漆器藝術曾受到中國唐朝與宋朝的影響，如唐朝的唐草、宋朝的山水畫等。然而在明朝的相關古籍卻有記載中國人反過來學習日本的泥金畫(蒔繪)。如明朝黃大成著《髹飾錄》「至天順年間西塘又有楊塤父子習髹日本遂以楊倭漆著名」、明朝慎蒙著《皇明文則》:「宣德年間嘗遣人至倭國，傳泥金畫漆之法以歸，楊塤遂習之。」、明朝高濂著《遵生八箋》:「漆器惟倭稱最，而胎胚式製亦佳。......有高二尺香幾，面以金銀蜔嵌《昭君圖》,精甚。種種器具，據所見者言之，不能悉數。而倭人之製漆器，工巧至精極矣。」明朝除了遣人至日本學習蒔繪技術，其技術的精細程度也受到明朝人的稱讚。以蒔繪裝飾的傢俱、文具、香具與古玩收藏盒頗受明代文人喜愛；清代亦延續明代之使用方式，將日本的手箱改造成可供玩賞的多寶格、以印籠收納小型玉器，是中日文化交流下蒔繪的新詮釋。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="台灣蒔繪"><span id=".E5.8F.B0.E7.81.A3.E8.92.94.E7.B9.AA"></span>台灣蒔繪</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%94%E7%B9%AA&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：台灣蒔繪"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1916年日治時期山中公來臺設立「山中工藝美術漆器製作所」。其所出產的漆器圖案，主要描繪臺灣當地的庶民生活。色彩明亮且鮮豔，發展出台灣獨特的漆器藝術，有「蓬萊塗」的稱號。山中公的學徒們除了有彩漆的作品外，也有有關蒔繪的作品。如王清霜的《月下美人(2008)》，是一件高蒔繪作品。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%94%E7%B9%AA&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">翁徐得，《漆器文物保存修護調查研究報告 : 以國史館台灣文獻館典藏日治時期總督府日用漆器為例》（臺南：國立文化資產保存研究中心籌備處，2006），頁46-75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">沢口悟一著，《日本漆工の研究》（東京：美術出版社，1966），頁135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">松田権六著，《うるしの話》（東京：岩波書店，2001）。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">京都國立博物館編集，《Japan蒔絵 : 宮殿を飾る東洋の燦めき》（大阪：読売新聞大阪本社，2008）。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">黃成著，《髹飾錄圖說》（濟南：山東畫報出版社，2007）。</span> </li> </ol></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/%E6%BC%86%E5%B7%A5" title="漆工">漆工</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%86%E5%B7%A5" title="漆工">漆藝</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> 裝飾工藝：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E8%89%B2%E6%BC%86%E5%99%A8" title="一色漆器">一色</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%A9%E6%BC%86" title="罩漆">罩漆</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%8F%E6%BC%86" title="描漆">描漆</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%8F%E9%87%91" title="描金">描金</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%86%E6%BC%86" title="堆漆">堆漆</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%AB%E6%BC%86" title="填漆">填漆</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%AB" title="雕填">雕填</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%BA%E9%92%BF" title="螺钿">螺钿</a>（<a class="mw-selflink selflink">蒔繪</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%8A%80%E5%B9%B3%E8%84%AB" title="金銀平脫">平脫</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%80%E7%9A%AE" title="犀皮">犀皮</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%95%E6%BC%86" title="雕漆">雕漆</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%94%E7%B4%85" title="剔紅">剔紅</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%89%94%E7%8A%80" title="剔犀">剔犀</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%8C%E5%80%89%E9%9B%95" title="鎌倉雕">鎌倉雕</a>）<span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%BE%E5%BD%A9" title="款彩">款彩</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%88%A7%E9%87%91" title="戧金">戧金</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E5%AF%B6%E5%B5%8C" title="百寶嵌">百寶嵌</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> 裝飾紋飾：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B2%E9%9B%B7%E7%B4%8B" title="雲雷紋">雲雷紋</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%94%E7%B4%8B" title="夔紋">夔紋</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E7%8F%A0%E7%B4%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="連珠紋">連珠紋</a></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> 典籍：<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%B9%E9%A3%BE%E9%8C%84" title="髹飾錄">髹飾錄</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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