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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Songhay language</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: gold;">Humburi Senni</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: gold;">humburi ciini<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">هُمْبُرِ ٺِينِ</span>‎</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Hombori" title="Hombori">Hombori</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">(81,000 cited 1999–2021)<sup id="cite_ref-e26_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e26-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a>? <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Songhay_languages" title="Songhay languages">Songhay</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Songhay_languages" title="Southern Songhay languages">Southern</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Humburi Senni</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li>Hombori</li> <li>Maransé</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: gold;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/hmb" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:hmb">hmb</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/humb1243">humb1243</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Songhay_languages.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Songhay_languages.svg/250px-Songhay_languages.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Songhay_languages.svg/375px-Songhay_languages.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Songhay_languages.svg/500px-Songhay_languages.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="965" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">Location of <a href="/wiki/Songhay_languages" title="Songhay languages">Songhay languages</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <p><b>Northwest Songhay:</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#002b00; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Korandje_language" title="Korandje language">Korandje</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#008000; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Koyra_Chiini_language" title="Koyra Chiini language">Koyra Chiini</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00ff00; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Tadaksahak" title="Tadaksahak">Tadaksahak</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#55ff55; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Tasawaq_language" title="Tasawaq language">Tasawaq</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#aaffaa; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Gadal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadal language">Tagdal</a></div> <p><b>Eastern Songhay:</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#2b0000; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Tondi_Songway_Kiini" title="Tondi Songway Kiini">Tondi Songway Kiini</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#800000; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Humburi Senni</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#d40000; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Koyraboro_Senni" title="Koyraboro Senni">Koyraboro Senni</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ff5555; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Zarma_language" title="Zarma language">Zarma language</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color: #ffff00; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Songhoyboro_Ciine" title="Songhoyboro Ciine">Songhoyboro Ciine</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffaaaa; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Dendi_language" title="Dendi language">Dendi</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Humburi Senni</b>, or <b>Central Songhay</b>, is a variety of <a href="/wiki/Songhai_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Songhai languages">Southern Songhai</a> spoken in the <a href="/wiki/Hombori" title="Hombori">Hombori</a> region, straddling the <a href="/wiki/Burkina" class="mw-redirect" title="Burkina">Burkina</a>–<a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> border. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orthography">Orthography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humburi_Senni_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Orthography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Table below illustrates the Latin alphabet for Humburi Senni in Mali, as standardized by "DNAFLA". </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Humburi Senni Songhay Latin Alphabet (Mali)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td>A a</td> <td>B b</td> <td>C c</td> <td>D d</td> <td>E e</td> <td>F f</td> <td>G g</td> <td>H h</td> <td>I i</td> <td>J j</td> <td>K k</td> <td>L l</td> <td>M m</td> <td>N n </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t͡ʃ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ɲ ɲ</td> <td>Ŋ ŋ</td> <td>O o</td> <td>P p</td> <td>R r</td> <td>S s</td> <td>Š š</td> <td>T t</td> <td>U u</td> <td>W w</td> <td>Y y</td> <td>Z z</td> <td>Ž ž </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>]</span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>]</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Table below illustrates the Arabic (Ajami) alphabet for Humburi Senni, based on <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO.BREDA</a> report on standardization of Arabic script in published in 1987 in <a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-chtatou_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chtatou-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-unicode_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unicode-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable Unicode" dir="rtl"> <caption>Humburi Senni Arabic alphabet (Mali)<sup id="cite_ref-chtatou_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chtatou-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-unicode_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unicode-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Arabic<br /><small>(Latin)</small><br />[<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>] </th> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ا</span>‎</span><br /><small>‌( - )</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Zero_(linguistics)" title="Zero (linguistics)">∅</a>]</span>/<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ب</span>‎</span><br /><small>(B b)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ت</span>‎</span><br /><small>(T t)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ٺ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(C c)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t͡ʃ</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ث</span>‎</span><br /><small>(S s)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ج</span>‎</span><br /><small>(J j)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Arabic<br /><small>(Latin)</small><br />[<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>] </th> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ح</span>‎</span><br /><small>(H h)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">خ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(Kh kh)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ݗ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(Ŋ ŋ)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">د</span>‎</span><br /><small>(D d)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ذ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(Z z)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ر</span>‎</span><br /><small>(R r)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Arabic<br /><small>(Latin)</small><br />[<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>] </th> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ز</span>‎</span><br /><small>(Z z)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ژ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(Ž ž)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">س</span>‎</span><br /><small>(S s)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ش</span>‎</span><br /><small>(Š š)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ص</span>‎</span><br /><small>(S s)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ض</span>‎</span><br /><small>(D d)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Arabic<br /><small>(Latin)</small><br />[<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>] </th> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ط</span>‎</span><br /><small>(T t)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ظ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(Z z)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ع</span>‎</span><br /><small>( - )</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">غ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(G g)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ݝ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(G g)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڢ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(F f)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Arabic<br /><small>(Latin)</small><br />[<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>] </th> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ݠ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(P p)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ڧ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(K k)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ك</span>‎</span><br /><small>(K k)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ل</span>‎</span><br /><small>(L l)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">م</span>‎</span><br /><small>(M m)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ن</span>‎</span><br /><small>(N n)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Arabic<br /><small>(Latin)</small><br />[<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>] </th> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ه</span>‎</span><br /><small>(H h)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">و</span>‎</span><br /><small>(W w)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ؤ</span>‎</span><br /><small>( - )</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ي</span>‎</span><br /><small>(W w)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ئ</span>‎</span><br /><small>( - )</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a>]</span> </td> <td style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;"><span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">ࢩ</span>‎</span><br /><small>(Ɲ ɲ)</small><br /><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a>]</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Vowel at the beginning of a word </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>A</th> <th>E</th> <th>I</th> <th>O</th> <th>U </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Short Vowels </th></tr> <tr dir="rtl"> <td><span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اَ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اٜ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اِ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اࣷ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اُ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Long Vowels </th></tr> <tr> <th>Aa</th> <th>Ee</th> <th>Ii</th> <th>Oo</th> <th>Uu </th></tr> <tr dir="rtl"> <td><span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">آ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اٜيـ / اٜي</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اِيـ / اِي</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اࣷو</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">اُو</span>‎</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Vowel at the middle or end of a word </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>a</th> <th>e</th> <th>i</th> <th>o</th> <th>u </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Short Vowels </th></tr> <tr dir="rtl"> <td><span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌َ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌ٜ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌ِ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌ࣷ</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌ُ</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Long Vowels </th></tr> <tr> <th>aa</th> <th>ee</th> <th>ii</th> <th>oo</th> <th>uu </th></tr> <tr dir="rtl"> <td><span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌َا / ◌َـا</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌ٜيـ / ◌ٜـيـ</span>‎<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌ٜي / ◌ٜـي</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌ِيـ / ◌ِـيـ</span>‎<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌ِي / ◌ِـي</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌ࣷو / ◌ࣷـو</span>‎</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:160%;line-height:1.35;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315" /><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">◌ُو / ◌ُـو</span>‎</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humburi_Senni_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heath, Jeffrey, (2015) <i>Dictionary Humburi Senni (Songhay of Hombori, Mali) - English - French</i>. University of Michigan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/117646/Dictionary?sequence=5">Link</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152830/https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/117646/Dictionary?sequence=5">Archive</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e26-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-e26_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/language/hmb">Humburi Senni</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (26th ed., 2023) <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This map is based on classification from Glottolog and data from Ethnologue.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">République du Mali, <i>Direction nationale de l’alphabétisation fonctionnelle et de la linguistique appliquée, Alphabets et règles d'orthographe des langues nationales</i>, Bamako, DNAFLA, 1993</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chtatou-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chtatou_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chtatou_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chtatou, M. (1992). Using Arabic script in writing the languages of the peoples of Muslim africa. Institute of African Studies. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.academia.edu/40381457/Using_Arabic_script_in_writing_the_languages_of_the_peoples_of_Muslim_Africa_Mohamed_Chtatou_1992_">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unicode-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unicode_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unicode_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKew2003" class="citation book cs1">Kew, Jonathan (2 June 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03168-african-chars.pdf"><i>Proposal to encode Arabic-script letters for African languages</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proposal+to+encode+Arabic-script+letters+for+African+languages&rft.date=2003-06-02&rft.aulast=Kew&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2003%2F03168-african-chars.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHumburi+Senni+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humburi_Senni_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Heath, Jeffrey, (2015) <i>Dictionary Humburi Senni (Songhay of Hombori, Mali) - English - French</i>. University of Michigan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/117646/Dictionary?sequence=5">Link</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240401152830/https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/117646/Dictionary?sequence=5">Archive</a>)</li> <li>Heath, Jeffrey, (2014) <i>Grammar of Humburi Senni (Songhay of Hombori, Mali)</i>. University of Michigan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/117647/Grammar?sequence=5">Link</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Burkina_Faso111" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Languages of Burkina Faso">Languages of Burkina Faso</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bissa_language" title="Bissa language">Bissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyula_language" title="Dyula language">Dyula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_language" title="Fula language">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moor%C3%A9" title="Mooré">Mooré</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bambara_language" title="Bambara language">Bambara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandinka_language" title="Mandinka language">Mandinka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mande_languages" title="Mande languages">Mande</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bissa_language" title="Bissa language">Bissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobo_language" title="Bobo language">Bobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyula_language" title="Dyula language">Dyula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpee_language" title="Kpee language">Kpee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marka_language" title="Marka language">Marka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samo_language_(Burkina)" title="Samo language (Burkina)">Samo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gur_languages" title="Gur languages">Gur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birifor_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Birifor language">Birifor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomu_language" title="Bomu language">Bomu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buamu_language" title="Buamu language">Buamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bwa_languages" title="Bwa languages">Bwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerma_language" title="Cerma language">Cerma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cwi_Bwamu_language" title="Cwi Bwamu language">Cwi Bwamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagaare_language" title="Dagaare language">Dagaare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gourmanch%C3%A9_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gourmanché language">Gourmanché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurunsi_languages" title="Gurunsi languages">Gurunsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasena_language" title="Kasena language">Kasena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1%C3%A1_L%C3%A1%C3%A1_Bwamu_language" title="Láá Láá Bwamu language">Láá Láá Bwamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puguli_language" title="Puguli language">Puguli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Senufo_languages" title="Senufo languages">Senufo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karaboro_languages" title="Karaboro languages">Karaboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanerig%C3%A9_language" title="Nanerigé language">Nanerigé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucite_language" title="Sucite language">Sucite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syer-Tenyer_language" title="Syer-Tenyer language">Syer-Tenyer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wara%E2%80%93Natyoro_languages" title="Wara–Natyoro languages">Wara–Natyoro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natioro_language" title="Natioro language">Natioro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleni_language" title="Paleni language">Paleni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samwe_language" title="Samwe language">Samwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fula_language" title="Fula language">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_language" title="Hausa language">Hausa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Humburi Senni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamou_language" title="Siamou language">Siamou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamasheq_language" title="Tamasheq language">Tamasheq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Plains_Dogon" title="Western Plains Dogon">Western Plains Dogon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Immigrant languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Mali92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Mali" title="Template:Languages of Mali"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Mali" title="Template talk:Languages of Mali"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Mali" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Mali"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Mali92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Mali" title="Languages of Mali">Languages of Mali</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bambara_language" title="Bambara language">Bambara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomu_language" title="Bomu language">Bomu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozo_language" title="Bozo language">Tieyaxo Bozo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escarpment_Dogon" title="Escarpment Dogon">Toro So Dogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasina_Fulfulde" title="Maasina Fulfulde">Maasina Fulfulde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassaniya_Arabic" title="Hassaniya Arabic">Hassaniya Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyanka_language" title="Minyanka language">Mamara Senoufo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kita_Maninka_language" title="Kita Maninka language">Kita Maninkakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soninke_language" title="Soninke language">Soninke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyraboro_Senni" title="Koyraboro Senni">Koyraboro Senni Songhay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senara_language" title="Senara language">Syenara Senoufo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamasheq_language" title="Tamasheq language">Tamasheq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassonke_language" title="Kassonke language">Xaasongaxango</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Working language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dogon_languages" title="Dogon languages">Dogon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ampari_Dogon" title="Ampari Dogon">Ampari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_Dogon" title="Ana Dogon">Ana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankan_Tey_Dogon" title="Bankan Tey Dogon">Bankan Tey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Tey_Dogon" title="Ben Tey Dogon">Ben Tey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondum_Dogon" title="Bondum Dogon">Bondum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budu_Dogon" title="Budu Dogon">Budu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duleri_Dogon" title="Duleri Dogon">Duleri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamsai_Dogon" title="Jamsai Dogon">Jamsai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mombo_Dogon" title="Mombo Dogon">Mombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanga_Dogon" title="Nanga Dogon">Nanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penange_Dogon" title="Penange Dogon">Penange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebul_Dogon" title="Tebul Dogon">Tebul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommo_So" title="Tommo So">Tommo So</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Plains_Dogon" title="Western Plains Dogon">Western Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanda_Dogon" title="Yanda Dogon">Yanda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dyula_language" title="Dyula language">Dyula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_language" title="Fula language">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maninka_language" title="Maninka language">Maninka</a> (<a href="/wiki/N%27Ko_language" title="N'Ko language">N'Ko</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moor%C3%A9" title="Mooré">Mooré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaar_language" title="Pulaar language">Pulaar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamou_language" title="Siamou language">Siamou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soninke_language" title="Soninke language">Soninke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supyire_language" title="Supyire language">Supyire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalunka_language" title="Yalunka language">Yalunka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_languages" title="Nilo-Saharan languages">Nilo-Saharan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Humburi Senni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyra_Chiini_language" title="Koyra Chiini language">Koyra Chiini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyraboro_Senni" title="Koyraboro Senni">Koyraboro Senni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadaksahak" title="Tadaksahak">Tadaksahak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tondi_Songway_Kiini" title="Tondi Songway Kiini">Tondi Songway Kiini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangime_language" title="Bangime language">Bangime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamako_Sign_Language" title="Bamako Sign Language">Bamako Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbey_Sign_Language" title="Berbey Sign Language">Berbey Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douentza_Sign_Language" title="Douentza Sign Language">Douentza Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebul_Sign_Language" title="Tebul Sign Language">Tebul Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Songhay_languages99" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Songhay_languages" title="Template:Songhay languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Songhay_languages" title="Template talk:Songhay languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Songhay_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Songhay languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Songhay_languages99" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Songhay_languages" title="Songhay languages">Songhay languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Songhay_languages" title="Northern Songhay languages">Northern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tadaksahak" title="Tadaksahak">Tadaksahak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagdal_language" title="Tagdal language">Tagdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korandje_language" title="Korandje language">Korandje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasawaq_language" title="Tasawaq language">Tasawaq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Songhay_languages" title="Southern Songhay languages">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dendi_language" title="Dendi language">Dendi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Humburi Senni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaado_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaado language">Kaado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyra_Chiini_language" title="Koyra Chiini language">Koyra Chiini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyraboro_Senni" title="Koyraboro Senni">Koyraboro Senni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tondi_Songway_Kiini" title="Tondi Songway Kiini">Tondi Kiini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarma_language" title="Zarma language">Zarma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arabic_alphabets166" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arabic_script" title="Template:Arabic script"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arabic_script" title="Template talk:Arabic script"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arabic_script" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arabic script"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arabic_alphabets166" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Albanian</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aljamiado" title="Aljamiado">Aljamiado</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avar_language#Writing_systems" title="Avar language">Avar</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_alphabet" title="Azerbaijani alphabet">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Arabic_alphabet" title="Belarusian Arabic alphabet">Belarusian</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_language#Alphabets" title="Chechen language">Chechen</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li> <li>Circassian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language#Other_writing_systems" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabardian_language#Orthography" title="Kabardian language">Kabardian</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_alphabet" title="Crimean Tatar alphabet">Crimean Tatar</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobrujan_Tatar_alphabet" title="Dobrujan Tatar alphabet">Dobrujan Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Aljamiado" title="Greek Aljamiado">Greek</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachay-Balkar" title="Karachay-Balkar">Karachay-Balkar</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets" title="Kazakh alphabets">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyk_language" title="Kumyk language">Kumyk</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lak_language#Writing_Comparison_Table" title="Lak language">Lak</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_alphabet" title="Ottoman Turkish alphabet">Ottoman Turkish</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arebica" title="Arebica">Serbo-Croatian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aer_language" title="Aer language">Aer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_alphabet" title="Azerbaijani alphabet">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_Standard_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Balochi Standard Alphabet">Balochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balti_language#Perso-Arabic_alphabet" title="Balti language">Balti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_alphabet" title="Bashkir alphabet">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahui_language#Perso-Arabic_script" title="Brahui language">Brahui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buri_Wolio" title="Buri Wolio">Buri Wolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burushaski#Writing_system" title="Burushaski">Burushaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_language#Orthography" title="Chagatai language">Chagatay</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_Jawi" title="Cham Jawi">Cham Jawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawi_script" title="Jawi script">Jawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language#Writing_system" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets" title="Kazakh alphabets">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khowar_alphabet" title="Khowar alphabet">Khowar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets" title="Kurdish alphabets">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_alphabets" title="Kyrgyz alphabets">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabi_Malayalam_script" title="Arabi Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_alphabet" title="Ottoman Turkish alphabet">Ottoman Turkish</a> <abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari (Rajasthani)</a></li> <li>Pamir (<a href="/wiki/Munji_language" title="Munji language">Munjani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarikoli_language" title="Sarikoli language">Sarikoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shughni_language" title="Shughni language">Shughni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_language" title="Wakhi language">Wakhi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palula_language" title="Palula language">Palula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkari_Koli_language" title="Parkari Koli language">Parkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto_alphabet" title="Pashto alphabet">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_Arabic_Alphabet" title="Rohingya Arabic Alphabet">Rohingya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraiki_alphabet" title="Saraiki alphabet">Saraiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language#Writing_system" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahmukhi" title="Shahmukhi">Shahmukhi</a></li> <li>Shina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shina_language#Orthography" title="Shina language">Gilgiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohistani_Shina#Alphabet" title="Kohistani Shina">Kohistani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tausug_language" title="Tausug language">Sulat Sug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arwi" title="Arwi">Tamil</a></li> <li>Tatar (<a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ske_iml%C3%A2_alphabet" title="İske imlâ alphabet">İske imlâ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%C3%B1a_iml%C3%A2_alphabet" title="Yaña imlâ alphabet">Yaña imlâ</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torwali_language#Alphabet" title="Torwali language">Torwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_alphabet" title="Turkmen alphabet">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushoji_language" title="Ushoji language">Ushoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Arabic_alphabet" title="Uyghur Arabic alphabet">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_alphabet" title="Uzbek alphabet">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao%27erjing" title="Xiao'erjing">Xiao'erjing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Afrikaans" title="Arabic Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Arabic_alphabet" title="Berber Arabic alphabet">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comorian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Comorian language">Comorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_alphabets" title="Fula alphabets">Fula Ajami</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_Fulfulde#Orthography" title="Adamawa Fulfulde">Adamawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagirmi_Fulfulde#Orthography" title="Bagirmi Fulfulde">Bagirmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Fulfulde" title="Nigerian Fulfulde">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pular_language#Writing" title="Pular language">Fuuta Jalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaar_language#Orthography" title="Pulaar language">Fuuta Tooro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasina_Fulfulde#Orthography" title="Maasina Fulfulde">Maasina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushi_language" title="Bushi language">Kibushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harari_language" title="Harari language">Harari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_Ajami" title="Hausa Ajami">Hausa Ajami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanembu_language" title="Kanembu language">Kanembu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maba_language" title="Maba language">Maba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_language#Writing_system" title="Serer language">Serer Ajami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maore_dialect" title="Maore dialect">Shimaore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songhay_languages" title="Songhay languages">Songhay</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Humburi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyra_Chiini_language" title="Koyra Chiini language">Koyra Chiini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koyraboro_Senni" title="Koyraboro Senni">Koyraboro Senni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarma_language" title="Zarma language">Zarma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorabe_alphabet" title="Sorabe 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