CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="nl" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Cholera - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )nlwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","januari","februari","maart","april","mei","juni","juli","augustus","september","oktober","november","december"],"wgRequestId":"088f21e8-1128-448a-9433-0f71fdf63b56","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Cholera","wgTitle":"Cholera","wgCurRevisionId":68960260,"wgRevisionId":68960260,"wgArticleId":32393,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Bacteriële infectieziekte","Meldingsplichtige infectieziekte groep B2","Pandemie"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"nl","wgPageContentLanguage":"nl","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Cholera","wgRelevantArticleId":32393,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0, "wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"nl","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"nl"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q12090","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles" :"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.Direct-link-to-Commons","ext.gadget.ProtectionTemplates","ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks","ext.gadget.hoofdbetekenis-titelwijziging","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.OpenStreetMapFrame","ext.gadget.subpages","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface", "ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.18"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Cholera_bacteria_SEM.jpg/1200px-Cholera_bacteria_SEM.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="938"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Cholera_bacteria_SEM.jpg/800px-Cholera_bacteria_SEM.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="625"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Cholera_bacteria_SEM.jpg/640px-Cholera_bacteria_SEM.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="500"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Cholera - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Bewerken" href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Cholera rootpage-Cholera skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Naar inhoud springen</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Hoofdmenu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofdmenu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hoofdmenu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofdmenu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Naar de hoofdpagina gaan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1_maart"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:SpecialePaginas"><span>Speciale pagina's</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="de vrije encyclopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-nl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Zoeken" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Doorzoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Doorzoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciaal:Zoeken"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Zoeken</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="De lettergrootte, breedte en kleur van de pagina wijzigen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uiterlijk" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uiterlijk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl" class=""><span>Doneren</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Cholera" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Cholera" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Cholera" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Cholera" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Besmetting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Besmetting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Besmetting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Besmetting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verloop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verloop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Verloop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verloop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behandeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behandeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Behandeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Behandeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Epidemieën" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epidemieën"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Epidemieën</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Epidemieën-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Epidemieën-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Epidemieën-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-19e_eeuw" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19e_eeuw"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>19e eeuw</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19e_eeuw-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-België" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#België"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>België</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-België-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nederland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nederland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Nederland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nederland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Na_1900" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Na_1900"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Na 1900</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Na_1900-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trivia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trivia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Trivia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trivia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgave" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cholera</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 137 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-137" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">137 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera – Atjehs" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Kolera" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Atjehs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Cholera" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Cholera" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AE%E1%88%8C%E1%88%AB" title="ኮሌራ – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኮሌራ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colera" title="Colera – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Colera" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="विसूचिका – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="विसूचिका" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="كوليرا – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوليرا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="كوليرا – Marokkaans Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كوليرا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkaans Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="كوليرا – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كوليرا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="কলেৰা – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কলেৰা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3lera" title="Cólera – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cólera" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Къавуда – Avarisch" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Къавуда" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C9%99ba" title="Vəba – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vəba" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="وبا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="وبا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Холера – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Холера" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kolera" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Халера – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Халера" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Халера – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Халера" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kel%C3%A8ra" title="Kelèra – Bataviaans" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kelèra" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Bataviaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Холера – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Холера" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE" title="কলেরা – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কলেরা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="སྐྱུག་ཤལ་འགོས་ནད། – Tibetaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྐྱུག་ཤལ་འགོས་ནད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kolera" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kolera" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8D" title="Холерэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Холерэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B2lera" title="Còlera – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Còlera" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A2ng-t%C3%B3-si%C3%A1" title="Bâng-tó-siá – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bâng-tó-siá" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="کۆلێرا – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆلێرا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cholera" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colera" title="Colera – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Colera" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kolera" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cholera" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%A4cpou" title="Yäcpou – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Yäcpou" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%AE%DE%8D%DE%AC%DE%83%DE%A7" title="ކޮލެރާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކޮލެރާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Χολέρα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χολέρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col%C3%A9ro" title="Coléro – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Coléro" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cholera" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A4olero" title="Ĥolero – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĥolero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3lera" title="Cólera – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cólera" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koolera" title="Koolera – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Koolera" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kolera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="وبا – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وبا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kolera" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall%C3%B5r" title="Hallõr – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Hallõr" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chol%C3%A9ra" title="Choléra – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Choléra" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goalera" title="Goalera – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Goalera" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calar" title="Calar – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Calar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3lera" title="Cólera – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cólera" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%B3-lie%CC%8Dt-l%C3%A0" title="Khó-lie̍t-là – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Khó-lie̍t-là" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%94" title="כולרה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כולרה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE" title="हैजा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हैजा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haeja" title="Haeja – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Haeja" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kolera" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kolera" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kolera" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1" title="Խոլերա – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խոլերա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%BF" title="Ժանտախտ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ժանտախտ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kolera" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kolera" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolero" title="Kolero – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kolero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3lera" title="Kólera – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kólera" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colera" title="Colera – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Colera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AC%E3%83%A9" title="コレラ – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コレラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalara" title="Kalara – Jamaicaans Creools" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kalara" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaicaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kolera" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ქოლერა – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქოლერა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D2%9B%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Тырысқақ – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тырысқақ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE" title="ಕಾಲೆರಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾಲೆರಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%9C%EB%A0%88%EB%9D%BC" title="콜레라 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="콜레라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Холера – Karatsjaj-Balkarisch" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Холера" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karatsjaj-Balkarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="کالرا – Kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کالرا" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kolera" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Холера – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Холера" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cholera" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Cholera" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera_ndwadde" title="Kolera ndwadde – Luganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Kolera ndwadde" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Luganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Cholera" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Cholera" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holera" title="Holera – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Holera" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE" title="हैजा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="हैजा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Колера – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Колера" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%B1" title="കോളറ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോളറ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="पटकी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पटकी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taun" title="Taun – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Taun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kolera" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%9D%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB" title="ကာလဝမ်းရောဂါ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကာလဝမ်းရောဂါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE" title="हैजा – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हैजा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="कोलेरा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कोलेरा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kolera" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kolera" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col%C3%A8ra" title="Colèra – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Colèra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeensa" title="Xeensa – Afaan Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Xeensa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Afaan Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE" title="କଲେରା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କଲେରା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਹੈਜ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੈਜ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cholera" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colera" title="Colera – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Colera" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D8%B6%DB%81" title="ہیضہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہیضہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="کولرا – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کولرا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3lera" title="Cólera – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cólera" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27icha_unquy" title="Q'icha unquy – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Q'icha unquy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holer%C4%83" title="Holeră – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Holeră" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Холера – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Холера" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="विसूचिका – Sanskriet" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="विसूचिका" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskriet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Холера – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Холера" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9F.%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱦᱟ.ᱭᱡᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱟ.ᱭᱡᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culera" title="Culera – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Culera" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%8A%D8%B6%D9%88_%D9%8A%D8%A7_%DA%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ھيضو يا ڪوليرا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ھيضو يا ڪوليرا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kolera" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="කොලරාව – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කොලරාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cholera" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cholera" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kolera" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kolera" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Колера – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Колера" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kol%C3%A9ra" title="Koléra – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Koléra" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kolera" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipindupindu" title="Kipindupindu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kipindupindu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="வாந்திபேதி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வாந்திபேதி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE" title="కలరా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కలరా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE" title="Бемории вабо – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бемории вабо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84" title="อหิวาตกโรค – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อหิวาตกโรค" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kolera" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kolera" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Ваба – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ваба" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayamtunini/K%C9%94lera" title="Ayamtunini/Kɔlera – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Ayamtunini/Kɔlera" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Холера – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Холера" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D8%B6%DB%81" title="ہیضہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہیضہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vabo" title="Vabo – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vabo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%87nh_t%E1%BA%A3" title="Bệnh tả – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bệnh tả" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colera" title="Colera – Waals" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Colera" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Waals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kolera" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E4%B9%B1" title="霍乱 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="霍乱" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A2" title="כאלערע – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כאלערע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binghsiqrueg" title="Binghsiqrueg – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Binghsiqrueg" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E4%BA%82" title="霍亂 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="霍亂" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A0u-th%C3%B2%CD%98-soa" title="Làu-thò͘-soa – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Làu-thò͘-soa" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E4%BA%82" title="霍亂 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="霍亂" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12090#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Overleg:Cholera" rel="discussion" title="Overleg over deze pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalvariant wijzigen" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nederlands</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergaven"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cholera"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&action=history" title="Eerdere versies van deze pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hulpmiddelen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Meer opties" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handelingen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cholera"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&action=history"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Cholera" title="Lijst met alle pagina's die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Cholera" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina's waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&oldid=68960260" title="Permanente koppeling naar deze versie van deze pagina"><span>Permanente koppeling</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&action=info" title="Meer informatie over deze pagina"><span>Paginagegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Citeren&page=Cholera&id=68960260&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatie over hoe u deze pagina kunt citeren"><span>Deze pagina citeren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCholera"><span>Verkorte URL verkrijgen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCholera"><span>QR-code downloaden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Cholera"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Cholera&action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cholera" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikinews.org/wiki/Categorie:Cholera" hreflang="nl"><span>Wikinieuws</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12090" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><div id="spoiler" align="center" style="margin:1em auto; width:fit-content; overflow:hidden;"><div style="display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; gap:0.5em; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1); border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1); padding:0.1em 0.2em;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Esculaap4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Esculaap"><img alt="Esculaap" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/26px-Esculaap4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/40px-Esculaap4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/53px-Esculaap4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div style="text-wrap:balance;"><small>Neem het <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Voorbehoud_bij_medische_informatie" title="Wikipedia:Voorbehoud bij medische informatie"><i><b>voorbehoud bij medische informatie</b></i></a> in acht.<br />Raadpleeg bij gezondheidsklachten een <a href="/wiki/Arts" title="Arts">arts</a>.</small></div> </div></div> <table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Cholera </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Cholera_bacteria_SEM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cholerabacteriën onder de elektronenmicroscoop" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Cholera_bacteria_SEM.jpg/266px-Cholera_bacteria_SEM.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Cholera_bacteria_SEM.jpg/399px-Cholera_bacteria_SEM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Cholera_bacteria_SEM.jpg/532px-Cholera_bacteria_SEM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="960" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%">Cholerabacteriën onder de <a href="/wiki/Elektronenmicroscoop" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronenmicroscoop">elektronenmicroscoop</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Coderingen </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/ICD-11" class="mw-redirect" title="ICD-11">ICD-11</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-collapsetext="Inklappen"> <div class="mw-collapsible-toggle-header" style="text-align:left;">1A00</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;"><b>Eerdere versies</b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">ICD-10</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/ICD10_Hoofdstuk_I" class="mw-redirect" title="ICD10 Hoofdstuk I">A</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/A00.0">00.0</a><br /><b><a href="/wiki/ICD-9" title="ICD-9">ICD-9</a>:</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icd9.chrisendres.com/index.php?action=search&srchtext=001">001</a></div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" title="Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/{{{OMIM}}}">{{{OMIM}}}</a><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Ontologie_(filosofie)" title="Ontologie (filosofie)">DOID</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.disease-ontology.org/?id=DOID:1498">1498</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000303.htm">000303</a><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/EMedicine" title="EMedicine">eMedicine</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic351.htm">med/351</a><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D002771">D002771</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Geneeskunde" title="Portaal:Geneeskunde">Geneeskunde</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Cholera</b> is een <a href="/wiki/Infectieziekte" title="Infectieziekte">infectieziekte</a> veroorzaakt door de <a href="/wiki/Bacteri%C3%ABn" title="Bacteriën">bacterie</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Vibrio_cholerae" title="Vibrio cholerae">Vibrio cholerae</a></i>. De ziekte wordt vooral overgebracht door vervuild <a href="/wiki/Drinkwater" title="Drinkwater">drinkwater</a> of voedsel. Het belangrijkste kenmerk van de ziekte is ernstige <a href="/wiki/Diarree" title="Diarree">diarree</a> en <a href="/wiki/Dehydratie_(geneeskunde)" title="Dehydratie (geneeskunde)">uitdroging</a>. De <a href="/wiki/Incubatieperiode" title="Incubatieperiode">incubatietijd</a> van de bacterie kan variëren van zes uur tot twee dagen. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Besmetting">Besmetting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Besmetting" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Besmetting"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De ziekte wordt overgebracht via besmet <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>. Mensen krijgen dit binnen door ervan te drinken of door het eten van <a href="/wiki/Groente" title="Groente">groente</a> die in besmet water is gewassen. Een andere besmettingsbron is het eten van <a href="/wiki/Rauw_voedsel" title="Rauw voedsel">rauwe</a> vis die in vervuild water heeft gezwommen. Ook door huidcontact met <a href="/wiki/Ontlasting" title="Ontlasting">ontlasting</a> of <a href="/wiki/Braaksel" class="mw-redirect" title="Braaksel">braaksel</a> van een patiënt kan men besmet worden. </p><p>Om de ziekte te voorkomen moet men <a href="/wiki/Hygi%C3%ABne" title="Hygiëne">hygiënisch</a> te werk gaan, oppassen met rauw eten, onzuiver water en <a href="/wiki/IJs_(water)" title="IJs (water)">ijs</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verloop">Verloop</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Verloop" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Verloop"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 85 procent van de gevallen verloopt de ziekte zonder <a href="/wiki/Symptoom" title="Symptoom">symptomen</a>. Maar als de symptomen zich wel voordoen, kan de ziekte ernstige gevolgen hebben. De eerste verschijnselen die na besmetting optreden zijn <a href="/wiki/Misselijkheid" title="Misselijkheid">misselijkheid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Braken_(lichaamsfunctie)" title="Braken (lichaamsfunctie)">braken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buikpijn" title="Buikpijn">buikpijn</a> en plotseling opkomende waterige diarree. Doordat er daarbij zeer veel vocht verloren gaat, komt de dood door uitdroging veel voor. Na 24 uur kan een cholerapatiënt al uitgedroogd zijn. De meeste slachtoffers vallen onder <a href="/wiki/Baby" title="Baby">zuigelingen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Bejaarde" title="Bejaarde">bejaarden</a>. Deze twee groepen zijn het kwetsbaarst doordat bij baby's het immuunsysteem nog niet voldoende is ontwikkeld en het bij bejaarden in mindere mate functioneert. </p><p>Dat het stadium van uitdroging aangebroken is, is onder andere te zien aan een droge mond, minder traanvocht, diepliggende ogen, extreme vermoeidheid en een visachtige geur van de ontlasting. Als cholera in deze fase niet of niet afdoende behandeld wordt, kunnen levensbedreigende complicaties optreden. De uitdroging kan een <a href="/wiki/Shock" title="Shock">shock</a> tot gevolg hebben, tijdens een shock <a href="/wiki/Hypotensie" title="Hypotensie">daalt de bloeddruk</a> snel en ernstig, belangrijke <a href="/wiki/Orgaan" title="Orgaan">organen</a> krijgen daardoor onvoldoende bloed en kunnen niet meer goed werken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behandeling">Behandeling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Behandeling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Behandeling"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Met een snelle en juiste behandeling is de kans op overlijden gering, rond de 1%. De behandeling bestaat in het eerste stadium uit het toedienen van vocht om zo uitdroging te voorkomen. Naast het toedienen van vochtoplossingen of <a href="/wiki/Oraal_rehydratiemiddel" title="Oraal rehydratiemiddel">ORS</a>, via de mond of via een infuus als de patiënt niet in staat is om de oplossing op te drinken, kunnen er <a href="/wiki/Antibiotica" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibiotica">antibiotica</a> toegediend worden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Epidemieën"><span id="Epidemie.C3.ABn"></span>Epidemieën</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Epidemieën" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Epidemieën"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Jean_Speth,_Cholera_in_Hamburg,_1892,_Museum_Europ%C3%A4ischer_Kulturen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Jean_Speth%2C_Cholera_in_Hamburg%2C_1892%2C_Museum_Europ%C3%A4ischer_Kulturen.jpg/260px-Jean_Speth%2C_Cholera_in_Hamburg%2C_1892%2C_Museum_Europ%C3%A4ischer_Kulturen.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Jean_Speth%2C_Cholera_in_Hamburg%2C_1892%2C_Museum_Europ%C3%A4ischer_Kulturen.jpg/390px-Jean_Speth%2C_Cholera_in_Hamburg%2C_1892%2C_Museum_Europ%C3%A4ischer_Kulturen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Jean_Speth%2C_Cholera_in_Hamburg%2C_1892%2C_Museum_Europ%C3%A4ischer_Kulturen.jpg/520px-Jean_Speth%2C_Cholera_in_Hamburg%2C_1892%2C_Museum_Europ%C3%A4ischer_Kulturen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2743" data-file-height="2597" /></a><figcaption>Uitbraak van cholera in Hamburg (1892)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Cholera_epidemie_1866.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Cholera_epidemie_1866.jpg/260px-Cholera_epidemie_1866.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Cholera_epidemie_1866.jpg/390px-Cholera_epidemie_1866.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Cholera_epidemie_1866.jpg/520px-Cholera_epidemie_1866.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3688" data-file-height="4552" /></a><figcaption>Amsterdams pamflet dat waarschuwt tegen de besmetting met cholera (1866)</figcaption></figure> <p>Sinds 1800 werden er zeven <a href="/wiki/Pandemie" title="Pandemie">pandemieën</a> van cholera geteld, waarvan de <a href="/wiki/Zevende_cholerapandemie" title="Zevende cholerapandemie">laatste zich voordeed tussen 1961 en 1975</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19e_eeuw">19e eeuw</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: 19e eeuw" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: 19e eeuw"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cholera was reeds voor de 19e eeuw bekend in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, specifiek in <a href="/wiki/Bengalen_(gebied)" title="Bengalen (gebied)">Bengalen</a>. In 1817 verspreidde de ziekte zich buiten laatstgenoemd gebied. Rond 1830 bereikte de ziekte via <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a> <a href="/wiki/Europa_(werelddeel)" title="Europa (werelddeel)">Europa</a>. Van 1881 tot 1896 maakte volgens dr. A.J. Wall de <a href="/wiki/Vijfde_cholerapandemie" title="Vijfde cholerapandemie">cholera-epidemie</a> 250.000 slachtoffers in Europa en minstens 50.000 in Amerika. Cholera eiste 267.890 levens in <a href="/wiki/Keizerrijk_Rusland" title="Keizerrijk Rusland">Rusland</a> (1892);<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 120.000 in <a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spanje</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; 90.000 in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> en 60.000 in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Perzië</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Egypte_(land)" title="Egypte (land)">Egypte</a> eiste cholera meer dan 58.000 levens. De uitbraak van 1892 in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a> doodde 8600 mensen. Hoewel algemeen schuldig bevonden aan het om zich heen grijpen van de epidemie bleef het stadsbestuur grotendeels onveranderd. Dit was de laatste ernstige uitbraak van cholera in Europa. </p><p>Hoewel in 1844 in een roman al verband was gelegd tussen cholera en besmet drinkwater,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> werd dit verband pas in 1849 in het <i>Essay on the Mode of Communication of Cholera</i> door de Britse arts-wetenschapper <a href="/wiki/John_Snow" title="John Snow">John Snow</a> voor het eerst in de medische wereld onderkend. In 1855 werd de tweede versie uitgegeven. Daarin staat een gedetailleerd onderzoek naar de invloed van besmet water uit een <a href="/wiki/Waterpomp" title="Waterpomp">waterpomp</a> op Broadstreet op de epidemie die in 1854 in Londen plaatsvond. Mensen die dicht bij die waterpomp woonden (en hun water dus daar haalden) raakten veel vaker besmet dan elders. Tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Industri%C3%ABle_revolutie" title="Industriële revolutie">industriële revolutie</a> waren er in Engeland veel infecties van cholera. Dit had ermee te maken dat mensen onder heel slechte omstandigheden leefden, zo waren er geen waterleidingen of rioleringen en de uitwerpselen van mensen en dieren kwamen direct in beerputten terecht. Als iemand in de familie cholera kreeg was diarree een gevolg, door de diarree kwam uitdroging voort. Mocht iemand dan drinken uit de vieze tonnen of dergelijke, dan werden ze nog zieker. Pas aan het einde van de industrialisatie liet de Engelse regering <a href="/wiki/Waterleiding" title="Waterleiding">waterleidingen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Riolering" class="mw-redirect" title="Riolering">rioleringen</a> aanleggen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="België"><span id="Belgi.C3.AB"></span>België</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: België" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: België"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>België kende in de 19e eeuw zeven epidemieën van cholera. De ziekte bereikte in 1849 Antwerpen met meer dan 1000 doden alleen al in het <a href="/wiki/Sint-Elisabethgasthuis_(Antwerpen)" title="Sint-Elisabethgasthuis (Antwerpen)">Sint-Elisabethgasthuis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In totaal telde België in dat jaar 23.027 doden.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De epidemie van 1866 was de zwaarste en veroorzaakte 43.400 doden.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Gent, waar men nog onvoldoende maatregelen genomen had, vielen er toen 2.769 doden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nederland">Nederland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Nederland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Nederland"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Een in 1831 ingestelde staatscommissie stuurde artsen naar het choleragebied in Duitsland. Deze groep kwam met de aanbevelingen: bouw cholerahospitalen, stel wijkcommissies in en begraaf de slachtoffers buiten de steden. Choleracommissies werden van rijkswege ingesteld en bestonden uit geneesheren, apothekers en gezaghebbende burgers; twee leden per commissie moesten 24 uur per dag bereikbaar zijn. Taken van de commissie waren: woningen laten ontsmetten, zieken in een cholerahospitaal op laten nemen, doden kisten en in gesloten koetsen naar speciale begraafplaatsen vervoeren.<sup id="cite_ref-Mathijsen211_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mathijsen211-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Nederland werd in 1832 in Scheveningen cholera geconstateerd.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bij deze eerste cholera-epidemie in Nederland in 1832 en 1833 overleden 10.108 personen.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In de zomer van 1849 heerste er een grote cholera-epidemie die begon in Zaandam. In het bedelaarsgesticht te <a href="/wiki/Veenhuizen_(gevangenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Veenhuizen (gevangenis)">Veenhuizen</a> alleen al waren 332 zieken, van wie er 176 overleden.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In totaal vielen dat jaar in Nederland 23.267 doden. In 1866 maakte een epidemie in Nederland 21.000 slachtoffers. In Amsterdam waren, dankzij de 10 jaar eerder begonnen distributie van <a href="/wiki/Amsterdamse_Waterleidingduinen" title="Amsterdamse Waterleidingduinen">duinwater</a>, relatief veel minder doden te betreuren: 1.151 tegenover ruim 2000 in Utrecht, dat viermaal zo klein was.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Na_1900">Na 1900</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Na 1900" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Na 1900"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In 1994 was er een grote cholera-uitbraak in Rwanda. Bijna 1 miljoen vluchtelingen waren in Goma tijdens de genocide-oorlog van de FAR toen er een grote epidemie uitbrak in de stad, circa 12.000 mensen overleden hieraan.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2008 en 2009 maakte een <a href="/wiki/Cholera-uitbraak_in_Zimbabwe_in_2008-2009" title="Cholera-uitbraak in Zimbabwe in 2008-2009">cholera-epidemie in Zimbabwe</a> minstens 4000 slachtoffers.</li> <li>In 2010 en 2011 was er een uitbraak van cholera in <a href="/wiki/Ha%C3%AFti" title="Haïti">Haïti</a>. Hierbij zijn circa 500.000 mensen ziek geworden en meer dan 7000 zijn eraan overleden.</li> <li>In 2011 was er opnieuw een uitbraak van cholera in de <a href="/wiki/Dominicaanse_Republiek" title="Dominicaanse Republiek">Dominicaanse Republiek</a>. Er waren circa 500 gasten ingevlogen voor een trouwfeest. Ze hadden onder andere kreeft te eten gekregen die besmet was met cholera die even daarvoor in Pedernales, <a href="/wiki/Ha%C3%AFti" title="Haïti">Haïti</a> was gevangen waar in 2010 de cholera was uitgebroken.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2017 was er een cholera-uitbraak in <a href="/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen">Jemen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Na de doortocht van de <a href="/wiki/Tropische_cycloon" title="Tropische cycloon">tropische cycloon</a> <a href="/wiki/Idai" title="Idai">Idai</a> in maart 2019 brak cholera uit in <a href="/wiki/Beira_(stad)" title="Beira (stad)">Beira</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>.</li> <li>2022: cholera-uitbraak in Malawi is de ergste in 10 jaar.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trivia">Trivia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Trivia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Trivia"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Cholera_art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Cholera_art.jpg/260px-Cholera_art.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Cholera_art.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="263" /></a><figcaption>Cholera in kunst</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Cholera komt voor als <i>klere</i> in een Nederlandse verwensing: <i>Krijg de klere</i>. (Ook wel: <i>Krijg de kolere</i>.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Robert Koch</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholera&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Charles E. Rosenberg, <i>The Cholera Years. United States in the Years 1832, 1849 and 1866</i>, 1987². <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9780226726779" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9780226726779">ISBN 9780226726779</a></span></li> <li>Karel Velle, "België in de 19de eeuw. Gevolgen van de blauwe dood", in: <i>Geschiedenis der Geneeskunde</i>, 1997, p. 95-105</li> <li>Steven Johnson, <i>Londen, spookstad. Hoe een cholera-epidemie de wetenschap, de steden en de moderne wereld veranderde</i>, 2008. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789029080187" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789029080187">ISBN 9789029080187</a></span></li> <li>Maurits Boshart, <i>De blauwe dood. Cholera in Nederland</i>, 2016. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789463380072" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789463380072">ISBN 9789463380072</a></span></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><b>Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</b></div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cholera#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cholera">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-klein toccolours noprint" style="box-sizing:border-box; display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; font-size:85%; clear:right; float:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; padding:0.5em; width:270px;"> <div style="min-width:fit-content;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> heeft mediabestanden in de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cholera#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cholera">Cholera</a></b></i>.</div></div> <p><b>Externe links</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rivm.nl/Bibliotheek/Professioneel_Praktisch/Richtlijnen/Infectieziekten/LCI_richtlijnen/LCI_richtlijn_Cholera">RIVM over cholera</a></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://textbookofbacteriology.net/cholera.html">Vibrio cholerae and Asiatic Cholera</a></li></ul> <p><b>Bronnen</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFMathijsen2018_592"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Mathijsen, Marita</span> (2018). <cite><i>Jacob van Lennep, een bezielde schavuit</i></cite>. Balans, Amsterdam, pp. 592. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978_94_600_3850_1" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978 94 600 3850 1">ISBN 978 94 600 3850 1</a></span>. NUR 321.</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://krant.telegraaf.nl/krant/enverder/venster/reizen/reis.GezondOpReis/reis.970201cholera.html"><i>Cholera</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/De_Telegraaf" title="De Telegraaf">De Telegraaf</a>, <a href="/wiki/1_februari" title="1 februari">1 februari</a> <a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130703124916/http://www.nieuws.nl/buitenland/20110127/Cholera-door-besmette-kreeft-op-chique-bruiloft">'Cholera door besmette kreeft op chique bruiloft<i></i></a><i>, <a href="/wiki/Nieuws.nl" title="Nieuws.nl">Nieuws.nl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Januari" title="Januari">januari</a> <a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a></i></li></ul> <p><b>Noten</b> </p> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theodora.com/encyclopedia/c/cholera.html">Cholera - LoveToKnow 1911</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E05EED7123BE533A25753C2A9609C94619ED7CF">The cholera in Spain</a>", <i>New York Times</i>, <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="1890-06-20">20 juni 1890</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216122241/http://query.nytimes.com:80/gst/abstract.html?res=9E05EED7123BE533A25753C2A9609C94619ED7CF">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2008-12-16">16 december 2008</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2008-12-08">8 december 2008</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Le Juif Errant</i> door <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Sue" title="Eugène Sue">Eugène Sue</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.16933.09447">Felixarchief Stad Antwerpen</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.ugent.be/fulltxt/RUG01/001/315/154/RUG01-001315154_2010_0001_AC.pdf">Dissertatie N.Verbaeys</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Isabelle Devos, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.queteletcenter.ugent.be/cholera/">De cholera-epidemie van 1866 in Brussel: een reconstructie</a>, Queteletcentrum UGent, september 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230422172317/https://www.queteletcenter.ugent.be/cholera/">Gearchiveerd</a> op 22 april 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mathijsen211-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mathijsen211_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Mathijsen, <i>Jacob van Lennep, een bezielde schavuit</i>, pag. 211-225</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">P.D. 't Hart, <i>Utrecht en de cholera 1832-1910</i>, De Walburg Pers, 1990, blz. 10-13 en 162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">P.D. 't Hart <i>Utrecht en de cholera 1832-1910</i>, De Walburg Pers, 1990, blz. 303.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111124103834/http://dissertations.ub.rug.nl/FILES/faculties/medicine/2006/h.g.roelfsema.van.de/titleinh.pdf">Dissertatie dr. H.G. Roelfsema - van der Wissel</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bronnenuitamsterdam.nl/weergave.asp?ID=22">Stadsarchief Amsterdam</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220814163151/http://www.bronnenuitamsterdam.nl/weergave.asp?ID=22">Gearchiveerd</a> op 14 augustus 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/1887/11453/8/06.pdf">De cholera-epidemie van 1866</a> (document Universiteit Leiden)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/12288419/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/12288419/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320" /><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jan/28/cholera-hits-dominican-republic-resort">Cholera hits Dominican Republic resort</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian_(krant)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Guardian (krant)">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921014011/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jan/28/cholera-hits-dominican-republic-resort">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2013-09-21">21 september 2013</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2020-12-21">21 december 2020</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nu.nl/buitenland/4857408/cholera-uitbraak-jemen-treft-eind-2017-zon-600000-inwoners.html">https://www.nu.nl/buitenland/4857408/cholera-uitbraak-jemen-treft-eind-2017-zon-600000-inwoners.html</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220629093042/https://www.nu.nl/buitenland/4857408/cholera-uitbraak-jemen-treft-eind-2017-zon-600000-inwoners.html">Gearchiveerd</a> op 29 juni 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nos.nl/artikel/2457497-cholera-uitbraak-malawi-ergste-in-10-jaar-nu-ruim-400-doden">Cholera-uitbraak Malawi ergste in 10 jaar, nu ruim 400 doden</a>. <i>nos.nl</i> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2022-12-23">23 december 2022</span>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221224005713/https://nos.nl/artikel/2457497-cholera-uitbraak-malawi-ergste-in-10-jaar-nu-ruim-400-doden">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2022-12-24">24 december 2022</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2022-12-23">23 december 2022</span>. </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cholera#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cholera">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cholera#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cholera">Cholera</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style><div class="navigatie mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Bibliografische informatie" data-collapsetext="Inklappen" data-expandtext="Uitklappen"><div id="Bibliografische_informatie" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bibliografische_informatie" title="Wikipedia:Bibliografische informatie">Bibliografische informatie</a></div><div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content plainlist ta-left"><ul style="column-width:36em"><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11940300h">cb11940300h</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11940300h">(data)</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">Gemeinsame Normdatei</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4147855-1">4147855-1</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Historisch_woordenboek_van_Zwitserland" title="Historisch woordenboek van Zwitserland">Historisch woordenboek van Zwitserland</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/022717">022717</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">Library of Congress Control Number</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85024645">sh85024645</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10639659">10639659</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheek_van_het_Japanse_parlement" title="Bibliotheek van het Japanse parlement">Bibliotheek van het Japanse parlement</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00566625">00566625</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Tsjechi%C3%AB" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Tsjechië">Nationale Bibliotheek van Tsjechië</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph136526&CON_LNG=ENG">ph136526</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Isra%C3%ABl" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël">Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007285758705171">987007285758705171</a></span></li></ul></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cholera&oldid=68960260">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cholera&oldid=68960260</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Bacteri%C3%ABle_infectieziekte" title="Categorie:Bacteriële infectieziekte">Bacteriële infectieziekte</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Meldingsplichtige_infectieziekte_groep_B2" title="Categorie:Meldingsplichtige infectieziekte groep B2">Meldingsplichtige infectieziekte groep B2</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Pandemie" title="Categorie:Pandemie">Pandemie</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 27 feb 2025 om 11:35.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. Zie de <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/nl">gebruiksvoorwaarden</a> voor meer informatie.<br /> Wikipedia® is een geregistreerd handelsmerk van de <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, een organisatie zonder winstoogmerk.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacybeleid</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia">Over Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Algemeen_voorbehoud">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Gedragscode</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Ontwikkelaars</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/nl.wikipedia.org">Statistieken</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookieverklaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//nl.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cholera&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobiele weergave</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Doorzoek Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciaal:Zoeken"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Zoeken</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cholera</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>137 talen</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Onderwerp toevoegen</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-64b5bb4b79-4q8hk","wgBackendResponseTime":136,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.238","walltime":"0.324","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3185,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":26971,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10226,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":11184,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 261.279 1 -total"," 48.17% 125.866 1 Sjabloon:Infobox_aandoening"," 46.90% 122.543 1 Sjabloon:Infobox_generiek"," 33.01% 86.257 1 Sjabloon:Appendix"," 30.81% 80.513 6 Sjabloon:Wikidata"," 27.48% 71.794 2 Sjabloon:ICD"," 12.08% 31.559 1 Sjabloon:Commonscatklein"," 10.18% 26.593 1 Sjabloon:References"," 9.65% 25.223 1 Sjabloon:Bibliografische_informatie"," 9.58% 25.038 1 Sjabloon:Zusterproject_box_klein"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.078","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3077879,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.eqiad.main-674d4cc8c7-vkpfg","timestamp":"20250227103532","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Cholera","url":"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cholera","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q12090","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q12090","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Bijdragers aan Wikimedia-projecten"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-12-11T20:15:53Z","dateModified":"2025-02-27T10:35:30Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9d\/Cholera_bacteria_SEM.jpg","headline":"infectieziekte veroorzaakt door de bacterie Vibrio cholerae"}</script> </body> </html>