CINXE.COM
Plum Pox Eradication in PA - A Blueprint for Future Plant Disease Outbreaks
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href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-210" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-213" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-216" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-219" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/swine/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-222" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-243" >Goats</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Goats</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-243"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-246" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-249" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-252" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-255" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-258" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-261" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-264" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-267" >Personal Safety </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/goats/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-270" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-291" >Sheep</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Sheep</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-291"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/production-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-294" >Production and Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/product-quality" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-297" >Product Quality</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-300" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-303" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-306" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-309" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-312" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-315" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/sheep/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-318" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-339" >Llamas and Alpacas</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Llamas and Alpacas</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-339"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-348" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-351" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/manure-and-nutrient-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-357" >Manure and Nutrient Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/facilities-and-technology" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-360" >Facilities and Technology</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/llamas-and-alpacas/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-366" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2608" >Canine</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Canine</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2608"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/nutrition-and-feeding" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2611" >Nutrition and Feeding</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/behavior-and-welfare" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2614" >Behavior and Welfare</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/health-and-care" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2617" >Health and Care</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/animals-and-livestock/canine/reproduction-and-genetics" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-2620" >Reproduction and Genetics</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-387" >Forage and Food Crops </a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Forage and Food Crops </span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-387"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-390" >Agronomic Crops</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Agronomic Crops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-390"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-393" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-396" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-399" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-402" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-405" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-408" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-411" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-414" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/agronomic-crops/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-417" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-438" >Cover Crops</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Cover Crops</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-438"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-441" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-444" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-447" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-450" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-453" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-456" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-459" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-462" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/cover-crops/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-465" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-483" >Forages</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Forages</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-483"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-486" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-489" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-492" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/forage-quality-and-testing" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-495" >Forage Quality and Testing</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-498" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-501" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-504" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-507" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-510" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/forages/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-513" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-537" >Fruit</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Fruit</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-537"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-540" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/cultivars-and-rootstocks" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-543" >Cultivars and Rootstocks</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-546" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-549" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-552" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-555" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-558" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-561" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/fruit/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-564" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-636" >Mushrooms</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Mushrooms</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-636"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-639" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/substrate-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-645" >Substrate Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-648" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/food-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-651" >Food Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/mushrooms/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-657" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-585" >Vegetables</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Vegetables</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-585"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-588" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-591" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/soil-fertility-and-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-594" >Soil Fertility and Management </a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-597" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/weed-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-600" >Weed Management</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/organic-production" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-603" >Organic Production</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/sustainable-agriculture" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-606" >Sustainable Agriculture</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/personal-safety" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-609" >Personal Safety</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/forage-and-food-crops/vegetables/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-612" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__item  main-menu__item--parent level0"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping" class="main-menu__link menu-link-level-0" data-menu="menu-675" >Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping</a> </div><div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div class="back" data-role="back"><span>Trees, Lawns, and Landscaping</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div> <div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level1" data-menu="menu-675"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level1 1"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-0" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2431" >Aquatic Plants and Algae</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Aquatic Plants and Algae</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2431"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/species-and-varieties" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-828" >Species and Varieties</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-831" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/aquatic-plants-and-algae/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-837" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2434" >Christmas Trees</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Christmas Trees</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2434"> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--all view-all main-menu__inner-item--level2 2"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" >View All</a> </li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees/production-and-harvesting" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-909" >Production and Harvesting</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees/pests-and-diseases" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-915" >Pests and Diseases</a> </div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level2 level2 no-children"><div data-role="title" class=""> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/christmas-trees/business-management" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-2" data-menu="menu-927" >Business Management</a> </div></li> </ul></div></div></li> <li class="main-menu__inner-item main-menu__inner-item--level1 level1 main-menu__inner-item--parent"><div data-role="title" class="parent-category-title"> <a href="https://extension.psu.edu/trees-lawns-and-landscaping/home-gardening" class="main-menu__inner-link menu-link-level-1" data-menu="menu-2425" >Home Gardening</a> </div> <div data-role="content" class="menu-item"><div class="menu-title"><div data-role="back" class="back"><span>Home Gardening</span></div><div class="close-menu" data-action="toggle-nav"><span>Close</span></div></div><div class="menu-content"> <ul class="main-menu__inner-list main-menu__inner-list--level2" data-menu="menu-2425"> <li 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class="linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://extension.psu.edu/plum-pox-eradication-in-pa-a-blueprint-for-future-plant-disease-outbreaks" target="_blank" title="Share on LinkedIn"></a></li> </ul></div> <div class="product attribute updated-at"> <strong class="type">Updated:</strong> <div class="value" >June 1, 2023</div></div></div></div><div class="product-content__wrapper"><div class="product-description__wrapper"> <div class="product media"> <a id="gallery-prev-area" tabindex="-1"></a><div class="action-skip-wrapper"> <a class="action skip gallery-next-area" href="#gallery-next-area"><span> Skip to the end of the images gallery</span></a></div> <div class="gallery-placeholder _block-content-loading fotorama-disabled" data-gallery-role="gallery-placeholder"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-2065-67b3f172da543"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/9/49a6809226dd2db2e006838d67a02411.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=248,248,248&fit=bounds&height=427&width=640&canvas=640:427&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/9/49a6809226dd2db2e006838d67a02411.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=248,248,248&fit=bounds&height=427&width=640&canvas=640:427&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/4/9/49a6809226dd2db2e006838d67a02411.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=248,248,248&fit=bounds&height=427&width=640&canvas=640:427" loading="lazy" width="640" height="427" alt="In recognition of their work in eradicating Plum Pox Virus, research and industry partners received a USDA award. Pictured is Jim Lerew, one of the local growers recognized in the ceremony."/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-206567b3f172da543 { width: 640px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 640 / 427; } .product-image-container-206567b3f172da543 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-206567b3f172da543 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.71875%; } }</style> <div class="image-alt-label"><p>In recognition of their work in eradicating Plum Pox Virus, research and industry partners received a USDA award. Pictured is Jim Lerew, one of the local growers recognized in the ceremony.</p></div> </div> <div class="action-skip-wrapper"> <a class="action skip gallery-prev-area" href="#gallery-prev-area"><span> Skip to the beginning of the images gallery</span></a></div> <a id="gallery-next-area" tabindex="-1"></a></div> <div class="product attribute description "> <div class="value" ><div id="when"><div class="event-details"><div class="left no-padding"> </div></div></div><p>Generally, it is very difficult to isolate and control such global diseases, let alone eradicate them completely from an area. However, through an impressive cooperative effort involving dedication and scientific innovation, the Plum Pox Virus was eradicated from Pennsylvania in 2009.</p> <p>"Pennsylvania is unique, perhaps, because it was the first detection sight in North America, and the only substantial infestation in the world to reach the eradication threshold up to this point," said Ruth Welliver, Plant Pathology Program Manager at the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture.</p> <p>In 1918, the most destructive disease of <em>Prunus</em> fruit and ornamental trees first emerged in Bulgaria, called the Plum Pox Virus (PPV), or <em>Sharka</em>. When it first hit, peach experts from around the world predicted that it would be impossible to eradicate. They knew very little about the mechanism of transmission, and what to do to prevent its spread.</p> <p>In the decades following its emergence, it quickly became apparent that the virus could devastate large numbers of stone fruit trees in a short period of time. It quickly spread to various other regions in Europe; it hit France and Italy in the 1970s and Spain and parts of the Middle East in the 80s. In Europe, Plum Pox Virus has destroyed more than 100 million stone fruit trees, ravaging orchard yields and heavily diminishing the stone fruit industry.</p> <p>In 1999, Plum Pox finally reached North America, manifesting in a peach orchard located in Adams County, Pennsylvania. "I first spotted a strange ring pattern on some of my peaches and wasn't sure what could have caused it," said said Jim Lerew, co-owner of the orchard with the first known case of Plum Pox infection. He continued, "After I found it several more times on my peach crop, I took some samples to a number of different fruit research institutions, including Penn State, to determine the cause, which admittedly stumped them for a while. No one had even considered that it could be a disease that originated in Europe." Infected orchard areas were contained and quarantined and infected trees were burned to inhibit further disease spread.</p> <p>"Subsequently, the virus was also found in Ontario and Nova Scotia, Canada, and then in New York and Michigan. In Michigan and Nova Scotia, a very small amount of the virus was found and it was eliminated quickly. Pennsylvania had a larger infestation that took longer to eradicate," recalled Ruth Welliver.</p> <p>Plum Pox Virus does not kill infected trees outright; it causes severe yield losses to growers and greatly reduces the marketability of stone fruit. It is spread over short distances by aphids and spread over long distances via infected nursery stock or through infected buds grafted onto healthy trees.</p> <p>For successful short distance transmission, an aphid must first feed on an infected plant, acquiring sufficient amounts of the virus in its system through its mouthpart, called the stylet. The stylet probes into the vascular tissue of the plant during feeding and spreads the disease through nonpersistant transmission. Nonpersistant transmission refers to the fact that the virus is extraordinarily infectious, but only for a short interval and it can only be transmitted in the time it remains infectious. The lifespan of the virus within an aphid is less than one hour; thus the aphid must fly immediately to a new host plant and inject its stylet into healthy plant cells for successful transmission. When this is complete, the aphid no longer carries the virus, until it feeds on another infected plant.</p> <p>Stone fruit species--or members of the genus <em>Prunus</em>--that are susceptible are: almonds, apricots, cherries, nectarines, and plums, along with some ornamental plants and wild species. Stone fruit are most susceptible to strain D of the virus in North America, with the exception of cherries (they are not affected by strain D at all), although there are several other strains that are more aggressive and destructive that can be found in other areas of the world.</p> <p>A group of fruit growers, state and federal agriculture departments, and members of the Penn State College of Agriculture came together in a cooperative effort for the difficult task of eradicating <em>sharka</em>. "The Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Penn State University provided a sound scientific base and also served in regulatory and educational roles. A host of other contributors from the local, state, and federal levels worked in the political arena to ensure that there was political support and monetary funding," said Ruth Welliver. This dedicated coalition recognized that the establishment and unmitigated spread of Plum Pox Virus in the United States would jeopardize the nation's stone fruit industry, as well as diminish commercial nursery production and the use of ornamental <em>Prunus</em> in home landscapes.</p> <p>Fall 2009 marked the third consecutive year of no new positive detections of Plum Pox, marking the end of the three-year long quarantine. Pennsylvania was thus dubbed Plum Pox-free. "A major milestone has been reached for Pennsylvania agriculture and this historic moment is a testament to teamwork, perseverance, and science…Because of the efforts [of many] we will continue to enjoy peaches and other stone fruit from Adams, Cumberland, Franklin, and York counties," said Secretary of Agriculture Russell Redding. Bruce McPheron, Dean of Penn State's College of Agricultural Sciences, added that "the Plum Pox eradication effort is a perfect illustration of how the state's land-grant university can mobilize research and generate practical knowledge for the public good…this successful collaboration can serve as a blueprint for future plant-and animal-disease outbreaks."</p> <p>"The Plum Pox epidemic served to raise the level of awareness that all growers need to possess," said John Halbrendt, Penn State Fruit Research and Extension Center scientist, "orchard sanitation and good cultural practices are key issues in the prevention of virus introductions."</p> <p>The Plum Pox Eradication Project Team provided a service to the nation's stone fruit industry by proactively addressing and preventing loss and damage from pests and disease outbreaks on a large scale. The eradication of Plum Pox in 2009 was a notable scientific effort that resulted from remarkable cooperation on the part of the project team.</p> <p>On August 3, 2010, U. S. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack presented the esteemed Honor Awards for a number of leadership efforts and accomplishments that have furthered the mission and goals of the Department of Agriculture. He explained, "The Honor Awards are the most prestigious awards given in the Department. They are given to those who represent outstanding service in many fields." One such award was presented to the locally based Pennsylvania Plum Pox Eradication Project Team. This award recognized not only U.S. Department of Agriculture scientists but also their grower, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, and Penn State Extension partners.</p></div></div> <div class="product info detailed"><div class="product data items" data-mage-init=' { "accordion": { "openedState": "active", "collapsible": true, "active": "0", "animate": 50, "multipleCollapsible": false } }'> <div class="data item title" data-role="collapsible" id="tab-label-product.info.agenda"><a class="data switch" tabindex="-1" data-toggle="trigger" href="#product.info.agenda" id="tab-label-product.info.agenda-title">Agenda</a></div><div class="data item content" aria-labelledby="tab-label-product.info.agenda-title" id="product.info.agenda" data-role="content"> <div class="product attribute event-agenda"></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="block related" data-mage-init='{"relatedProducts":{"relatedCheckbox":".related.checkbox"}}' data-limit="10" data-shuffle="0 ?>" data-shuffle-weighted="0 ?>"><div class="featured-content article" data-content-type="products" data-element="main"><div class="block-top-wrapper"></div><div class="block-title title"><h2 id="block-related-heading" role="heading" aria-level="2">You may also be interested in ...</h2></div><div class="widget-navigation"></div><div class="block-content content" aria-labelledby="block-related-heading"> <div class="products wrapper grid products-grid products-related"><ol class="products list items product-items" data-mage-init='{"slick": { "autoplay": false, "infinite": false, "arrows": false, "dots": false, "slidesToShow": 9999, "slidesToScroll": 1, "appendArrows": ".related .widget-navigation", "prevArrow": "<div class=slick-prev><span>Previous</span></div>", "nextArrow": "<div class=slick-next><span>Next</span></div>", "responsive": [ { "breakpoint": 1280, "settings": { "slidesToShow": 4, "slidesToScroll": 1, "arrows": true, "appendArrows": ".related .widget-navigation", "prevArrow": "<div class=slick-prev><span>Previous</span></div>", "nextArrow": "<div class=slick-next><span>Next</span></div>" } }, { "breakpoint": 1024, "settings": { "slidesToShow": 3, "slidesToScroll": 1, "arrows": true, "appendArrows": ".related .widget-navigation", "prevArrow": "<div class=slick-prev><span>Previous</span></div>", "nextArrow": "<div class=slick-next><span>Next</span></div>" } }, { "breakpoint": 768, "settings": { "slidesToShow": 1, "slidesToScroll": 1, "arrows": true, "appendArrows": ".related .widget-navigation", "prevArrow": "<div class=slick-prev><span>Previous</span></div>", "nextArrow": "<div class=slick-next><span>Next</span></div>" } } ] }}'> <li class="item product product-item" id="product-item_5856" data-shuffle-group="" > <div class="product-item-info "><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/tree-fruit-production-guide" class="product photo product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-5856-67b3f172dfdbd"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/0/b0abfcf5c80e10ef2ba8306cebc59a19_2.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/0/b0abfcf5c80e10ef2ba8306cebc59a19_2.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/0/b0abfcf5c80e10ef2ba8306cebc59a19_2.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336" loading="lazy" width="504" height="336" alt="Tree Fruit Production Guide"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-585667b3f172dfdbd { width: 504px; 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height: auto; aspect-ratio: 504 / 336; } .product-image-container-544267b3f172e43c7 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-544267b3f172e43c7 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="809"></span> Videos</div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" title="How To Remove Spotted Lanternfly Eggs" href="https://extension.psu.edu/how-to-remove-spotted-lanternfly-eggs">How To Remove Spotted Lanternfly Eggs</a></h5></div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item" id="product-item_4160" data-shuffle-group="" > <div class="product-item-info "><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/tree-fruit-disease-toolbox-fungicide-resistance-management" class="product photo product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-4160-67b3f172e5230"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/8/2837e68987b52c1d65fc68f7c2320f16.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/8/2837e68987b52c1d65fc68f7c2320f16.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/2/8/2837e68987b52c1d65fc68f7c2320f16.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336" loading="lazy" width="504" height="336" alt="Tree Fruit Disease Toolbox - Fungicide Resistance Management"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-416067b3f172e5230 { width: 504px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 504 / 336; } .product-image-container-416067b3f172e5230 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-416067b3f172e5230 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" title="Tree Fruit Disease Toolbox - Fungicide Resistance Management" href="https://extension.psu.edu/tree-fruit-disease-toolbox-fungicide-resistance-management">Tree Fruit Disease Toolbox - Fungicide Resistance Management</a></h5></div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item" id="product-item_3027" data-shuffle-group="" > <div class="product-item-info "><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/spotted-wing-drosophila-part-1-overview-and-identification" class="product photo product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-3027-67b3f172e612d"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/8/a822b2b1df6e3d9d5c52c7984c8d737d.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/8/a822b2b1df6e3d9d5c52c7984c8d737d.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/a/8/a822b2b1df6e3d9d5c52c7984c8d737d.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336" loading="lazy" width="504" height="336" alt="Spotted Wing Drosophila, male. Photo: Alex Surcica, Penn State"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-302767b3f172e612d { width: 504px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 504 / 336; } .product-image-container-302767b3f172e612d span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-302767b3f172e612d span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" title="Spotted Wing Drosophila Part 1: Overview and Identification" href="https://extension.psu.edu/spotted-wing-drosophila-part-1-overview-and-identification">Spotted Wing Drosophila Part 1: Overview and Identification</a></h5> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="3027" data-price-box="product-id-3027"> <span class="price-container price-final_price tax weee" > <span id="product-price-3027" data-price-amount="0.5" data-price-type="finalPrice" class="price-wrapper " ><span class="price">$0.50</span></span> </span> </div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item" id="product-item_25524" data-shuffle-group="" > <div class="product-item-info "><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/spotted-lanternfly-management-and-pesticide-safety" class="product photo product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-25524-67b3f172e86e5"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/9/b99100cf6d168179f73a94463f53f996.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/9/b99100cf6d168179f73a94463f53f996.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/9/b99100cf6d168179f73a94463f53f996.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336" loading="lazy" width="504" height="336" alt="Photo: Emelie Swackhamer, Penn State"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-2552467b3f172e86e5 { width: 504px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 504 / 336; } .product-image-container-2552467b3f172e86e5 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-2552467b3f172e86e5 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" title="Spotted Lanternfly Management and Pesticide Safety" href="https://extension.psu.edu/spotted-lanternfly-management-and-pesticide-safety">Spotted Lanternfly Management and Pesticide Safety</a></h5></div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item" id="product-item_3024" data-shuffle-group="" > <div class="product-item-info "><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/wine-grape-production" class="product photo product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-3024-67b3f172e9ab1"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/0/b0f12a8df0eaf4411e21948529ed00b5_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/0/b0f12a8df0eaf4411e21948529ed00b5_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/b/0/b0f12a8df0eaf4411e21948529ed00b5_1.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336" loading="lazy" width="504" height="336" alt="Wine Grape Production"/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-302467b3f172e9ab1 { width: 504px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 504 / 336; } .product-image-container-302467b3f172e9ab1 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-302467b3f172e9ab1 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" title="Wine Grape Production" href="https://extension.psu.edu/wine-grape-production">Wine Grape Production</a></h5> <div class="price-box price-final_price" data-role="priceBox" data-product-id="3024" data-price-box="product-id-3024"> <span class="price-container price-final_price tax weee" > <span id="product-price-3024" data-price-amount="0.65" data-price-type="finalPrice" class="price-wrapper " ><span class="price">$0.65</span></span> </span> </div> </div></div></li> <li class="item product product-item" id="product-item_3240" data-shuffle-group="" > <div class="product-item-info "><a href="https://extension.psu.edu/tree-fruit-insect-pest-periodical-cicada" class="product photo product-item-photo"> <span class="product-image-container product-image-container-3240-67b3f172eb1c4"><span class="product-image-wrapper"><img class="product-image-photo" srcset="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/f/8f93c7f1477783663cf726a5e7d37338.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=2 2x,https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/f/8f93c7f1477783663cf726a5e7d37338.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336&dpr=3 3x" src="https://extension.psu.edu/media/catalog/product/8/f/8f93c7f1477783663cf726a5e7d37338.jpeg?quality=80&bg-color=255,255,255&fit=bounds&height=336&width=504&canvas=504:336" loading="lazy" width="504" height="336" alt="The adult is about 1.5 inches long, mostly black, with red eyes and other reddish markings. The wings are large and clear except for orange-red veins. Photo by G. Krawczyk."/></span></span> <style>.product-image-container-324067b3f172eb1c4 { width: 504px; height: auto; aspect-ratio: 504 / 336; } .product-image-container-324067b3f172eb1c4 span.product-image-wrapper { height: 100%; width: 100%; } @supports not (aspect-ratio: auto) { .product-image-container-324067b3f172eb1c4 span.product-image-wrapper { padding-bottom: 66.666666666667%; } }</style> </a> <div class="product details product-item-details"> <div class="product-type"><span class="product-type-icon" data-icon="801"></span> Articles</div> <h5 class="product name product-item-name"><a class="product-item-link" title="Tree Fruit Insect Pest - Periodical Cicada" href="https://extension.psu.edu/tree-fruit-insect-pest-periodical-cicada">Tree Fruit Insect Pest - Periodical Cicada</a></h5></div></div></li> </ol></div></div></div></div></div> </div></div></main><div class="before-page-footer"> <div class="widget block block-static-block"><style>#html-body [data-pb-style=CQ5NAO3],#html-body 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