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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-視差效應" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#視差效應"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>視差效應</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-視差效應-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-天半球" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#天半球"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>天半球</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-天半球-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-恆星時" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#恆星時"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>恆星時</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-恆星時-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-恆星球" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#恆星球"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>恆星球</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-恆星球-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>相關條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">天球</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。76种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemelbol" title="Hemelbol – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hemelbol" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كرة سماوية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كرة سماوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfera_celeste" title="Esfera celeste – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Esfera celeste" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%99ma_sferas%C4%B1" title="Səma sferası – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Səma sferası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BA_%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Күк сфераһы – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Күк сфераһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Нябесная сфера – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нябесная сфера" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%84%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Нябесная сфэра – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нябесная сфэра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Небесна сфера – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Небесна сфера" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96-%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95" title="খ-গোলক – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খ-গোলক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfera_celeste" title="Esfera celeste – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Esfera celeste" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebesk%C3%A1_sf%C3%A9ra" title="Nebeská sféra – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nebeská sféra" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%B3%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Тӳпелле сфера – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тӳпелле сфера" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himmelkuglen" title="Himmelkuglen – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Himmelkuglen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himmelskugel" title="Himmelskugel – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Himmelskugel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Ουράνια σφαίρα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ουράνια σφαίρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_sphere" title="Celestial sphere – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Celestial sphere" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88ielosfero" title="Ĉielosfero – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉielosfero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfera_celeste" title="Esfera celeste – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Esfera celeste" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taevasf%C3%A4%C3%A4r" title="Taevasfäär – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Taevasfäär" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeru-esfera" title="Zeru-esfera – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zeru-esfera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کره آسمان – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کره آسمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taivaanpallo" title="Taivaanpallo – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Taivaanpallo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sph%C3%A8re_c%C3%A9leste" title="Sphère céleste – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sphère céleste" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sf%C3%A9ar_neamha%C3%AD" title="Sféar neamhaí – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sféar neamhaí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfera_celeste" title="Esfera celeste – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Esfera celeste" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="כיפת השמיים – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כיפת השמיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="खगोलीय गोला – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खगोलीय गोला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebeska_sfera" title="Nebeska sfera – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nebeska sfera" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Երկնոլորտ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկնոլորտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_langit" title="Bola langit – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bola langit" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cielala_sfero" title="Cielala sfero – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Cielala sfero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfera_celeste" title="Sfera celeste – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sfera celeste" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83" title="天球 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="天球" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="ცის სფერო – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცის სფერო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Аспан меридианы – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аспан меридианы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B3" title="ಖಗೋಳ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಖಗೋಳ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EA%B5%AC" title="천구 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="천구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphaera_caelestis" title="Sphaera caelestis – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sphaera caelestis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himmelskugel" title="Himmelskugel – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Himmelskugel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangaus_sfera" title="Dangaus sfera – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dangaus sfera" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debess_sf%C4%93ra" title="Debess sfēra – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Debess sfēra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolan-danitra" title="Bolan-danitra – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bolan-danitra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Небесна сфера – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Небесна сфера" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82" title="ഖഗോളം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഖഗോളം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfera_cakerawala" title="Sfera cakerawala – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sfera cakerawala" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfera_%C4%8Belesti" title="Sfera ċelesti – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Sfera ċelesti" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemelbol" title="Hemelbol – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hemelbol" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himmelkvelving" title="Himmelkvelving – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Himmelkvelving" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himmelhvelving" title="Himmelhvelving – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Himmelhvelving" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esf%C3%A8ra_cel%C3%A8sta" title="Esfèra celèsta – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Esfèra celèsta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfera_niebieska" title="Sfera niebieska – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sfera niebieska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="کرہ سماوی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کرہ سماوی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfera_celeste" title="Esfera celeste – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Esfera celeste" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfer%C4%83_cereasc%C4%83" title="Sferă cerească – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Sferă cerească" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Небесная сфера – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Небесная сфера" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Небесна сфера – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Небесна сфера" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_sphere" title="Celestial sphere – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Celestial sphere" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebeska_sfera" title="Nebeska sfera – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nebeska sfera" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_sphere" title="Celestial sphere – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Celestial sphere" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebesk%C3%A1_sf%C3%A9ra" title="Nebeská sféra – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nebeská sféra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebesna_krogla" title="Nebesna krogla – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nebesna krogla" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Небеска сфера – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Небеска сфера" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himmelssf%C3%A4ren" title="Himmelssfären – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Himmelssfären" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வானக்கோளம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வானக்கோளம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B3%E0%B0%82" title="ఖగోళం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఖగోళం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="ทรงกลมท้องฟ้า – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทรงกลมท้องฟ้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panlangit_na_timbulog" title="Panlangit na timbulog – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Panlangit na timbulog" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6kk%C3%BCre" title="Gökküre – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gökküre" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D0%BA_%D0%B9%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Күк йөзе – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Күк йөзе" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Небесна сфера – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Небесна сфера" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="کرہ سماوی – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کرہ سماوی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmon_sferasi" title="Osmon sferasi – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Osmon sferasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi%C3%AAn_c%E1%BA%A7u" title="Thiên cầu – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thiên cầu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83" title="天球 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="天球" 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class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Celestial_spheres" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12134" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Celestial_sphere.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Celestial_sphere.svg/230px-Celestial_sphere.svg.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Celestial_sphere.svg/345px-Celestial_sphere.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Celestial_sphere.svg/460px-Celestial_sphere.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>天球被<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93" title="天球赤道">天球赤道</a>平分。圖中還可見地球的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93" title="赤道">赤道</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天北極（页面不存在）">天北極</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E5%8D%97%E6%A5%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天南極（页面不存在）">天南極</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Earth_within_celestial_sphere.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Earth_within_celestial_sphere.gif/230px-Earth_within_celestial_sphere.gif" decoding="async" width="230" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Earth_within_celestial_sphere.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>地球在一個半徑相對細小，以地球為基礎的天球中旋轉的動畫。圖中還可見<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="黃道">黃道</a>（紅）和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83%E5%9D%90%E6%A0%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="天球坐标系统">天球坐標系統</a>上的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="赤經">赤經</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E7%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="赤緯">赤緯</a>（綠）</figcaption></figure> <p><b>天球</b>（英語：<b>Celestial sphere</b>），是在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="天文學">天文學</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8E%E8%88%AA" title="導航">導航</a>上想出的一個與<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>同球心，並有相同的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%BD%89%E8%BB%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="自轉軸">自轉軸</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%91" class="mw-redirect" title="半徑">半徑</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%AA%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="無窮">無限大</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%83%E9%9D%A2" title="球面">球</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%A9%BA" title="天空">天空</a>中所有的物體都可以當成投影在天球上的物件。地球的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93" title="赤道">赤道</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E6%A5%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="兩極">地理極點</a>投射到天球上，就是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93" title="天球赤道">天球赤道</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%A5%B5" title="天極">天極</a>。天球是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="位置天文學">位置天文學</a>上很實用的工具。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="亞里斯多德">亞里斯多德</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%8B%92%E5%AF%86" class="mw-redirect" title="托勒密">托勒密</a>的模型，天球想像成實際的物體，而不僅僅是一個幾何的投影（參見<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天球模型（页面不存在）">天球模型</a>）。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="視差效應"><span id=".E8.A6.96.E5.B7.AE.E6.95.88.E6.87.89"></span>視差效應</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：視差效應"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>天球可以使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BF%83" class="mw-redirect" title="地心">地心</a>為中心，也可以使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%A8" title="地表">地表</a>為中心的體系。前者的作法是假設觀察者位於地球的中心，因此不需要考慮<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E5%B7%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="視差">視差</a>的影響。後者的中心是觀測者位於的地球表面，因此<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="地平面">地平</a>視差的影響是不能忽略的，特別是月球的位置。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="天半球"><span id=".E5.A4.A9.E5.8D.8A.E7.90.83"></span>天半球</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：天半球"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>天球被<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93" title="赤道">赤道</a>的投影分為兩個空間，分別為南天球和北天球。同樣的，我們也可以在天球上找到北回歸線、南回歸線、天北極和天南極，可以量化天球上各種物體的方向，建構出各種的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83%E5%9D%90%E6%A0%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="天球坐标系统">天球坐標系統</a>。 </p><p>因为地球是自<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF" title="西">西</a>向<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1" title="東">東</a>旋轉，所以我们就把天球看成是自東向西旋轉。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽">太陽</a>在天球上每天移动约1度，一年则移动一周（360度），这称之为太陽周年视运动，太阳中心在天球上视运动的轨迹则是<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%81%93" title="黄道">黄道</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="恆星時"><span id=".E6.81.86.E6.98.9F.E6.99.82"></span>恆星時</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：恆星時"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>隨著地球繞著軸心以23小時56分的周期由<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF" title="西">西</a>向<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1" title="東">東</a>自轉，天球和所有的天體都以<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%A5%B5" title="天極">天球極點</a>為中心，以相同的時間由東向西移轉動，這就是<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%97%A5%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="周日運動">周日運動</a>。因此恆星會由東方升起，通過南北向的子午線過<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%A9_(%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8)" title="中天 (天文學)">中天</a>，然後在西方沒入（除非這顆恆星是<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%B1%E6%A5%B5%E6%98%9F" title="拱極星">拱極星</a>）。第二天晚上，天體在特定的時間會再東升，但是因為我們的鐘表時間是24小時整，因此會提早4分鐘升起；再過一晚早8分鐘升起，也就是說每天都會提早4分鐘。 </p><p>這種與鐘表時間明顯的不一致是因為太陽不是固定在天球上的天體，每天會在天球上的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="黃道">黃道</a>，一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%93" class="mw-redirect" title="大圓">大圓</a>，向東移動約1°（這是太陽的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%A8%E5%B9%B4%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="周年運動（页面不存在）">周年運動</a>，一年在天球上360°，或是完整的圓周）。如果以4分鐘的時間對應於角度的1°（360° = 24小時），則需要額外的4分鐘太陽才會回到上回的相對位置，例如中天的子午線，完成完整的一圈運動要24小時（這是忽略季節性變化的平均值，參見<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%87%E6%99%82%E5%B7%AE" title="均時差">均時差</a>）。 </p><p>因此，一般的時鐘顯示的是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E6%97%A5" title="太阳日">太陽時</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="天文學家">天文學家</a>研究恆星運動使用的是<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%92%E6%98%9F%E6%97%B6" title="恒星时">恆星時</a>，等同於太陽時的23小時56分。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="恆星球"><span id=".E6.81.86.E6.98.9F.E7.90.83"></span>恆星球</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：恆星球"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>天球也可以引用到天球的物理模型，就是所謂的恆星球，這種天球可以顯示出在指定的時間和地點可以看見的部分星座。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關條目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：相關條目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-count:2; column-width:auto;column-width:20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%BE%E5%84%80" class="mw-redirect" title="渾儀">渾儀</a> （Armillary sphere）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E7%92%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天文環（页面不存在）">天文環</a>（Astronomical rings）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83%E5%9C%B0%E5%B9%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天球地平（页面不存在）">天球地平</a>（Celestial horizon）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E8%87%B3%E5%9C%88" title="分至圈">分至圈</a>（Colure）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E8%A7%92%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保角幾何（页面不存在）">保角幾何</a>（Conformal geometry）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%BB%9E" title="分點">分點</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%BC%E7%A9%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒼穹（页面不存在）">蒼穹</a>（Firmament）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E5%BF%83%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地心模型（页面不存在）">地心模型</a>（Geocentric model）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="北極星">北極星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E8%A1%8C%E5%92%8C%E9%80%86%E8%A1%8C" title="順行和逆行">逆行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%E5%9C%88" title="定位圈">定位圈</a>（Setting circles）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B3%E9%BB%9E" title="至點">至點</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%83%E7%8B%80%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="球狀地球（页面不存在）">球狀地球</a>（Spherical Earth）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%81%93%E5%B8%B6" title="黃道帶">黃道帶</a>（Zodiac）</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Celestial_spheres" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Celestial spheres"><span style="font-weight:bold;">天球</span></a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050613050209/http%3A//skyandtelescope.com/observing/skychart/">SkyandTelescope.com SkyChart</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://astroclub.tau.ac.il/skymaps/monthly/">Monthly skymaps for every location on Earth</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070913163917/http://astroclub.tau.ac.il/skymaps/monthly/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output 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<span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E7%9B%98" title="星盘">星盘</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%BA%E7%AE%A1" title="窺管">照準儀</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93%E7%92%B0" title="赤道環">赤道環</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%99%B7" title="日晷">日晷</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B7%E9%87%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="晷針">日規</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%89%86%E5%84%80" title="牆儀">牆儀</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E5%84%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三角儀（页面不存在）">三角儀</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%94%80_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B)" title="蔀 (中國)">卡里匹克週期</a> · <span class="nowrap"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">天球</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%AC%E7%BA%BF" title="纬线">纬线</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="反地球">反地球</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%87%E8%BC%AA%E5%92%8C%E6%9C%AC%E8%BC%AA" title="均輪和本輪">均輪和本輪</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%89%E8%BB%B8%E7%9A%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="等軸的（页面不存在）">等軸的</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BF%83%E8%AF%B4" title="地心说">地心说</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%BF%83%E8%AF%B4" title="日心说">日心说</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%9C%E5%B8%95%E6%81%B0%E6%96%AF%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="喜帕恰斯週期（页面不存在）">喜帕恰斯週期</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E5%86%AC%E7%AB%A0" title="默冬章">默冬章</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AB%E5%B9%B4%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="八年循環（页面不存在）">八年循環</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B3%E9%BB%9E" title="至點">至點</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%86%E8%AF%B4" title="地圆说">地圆说</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%88%E5%85%83%E8%AA%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="月元說（页面不存在）">月元說</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%81%93%E5%B8%B6" title="黃道帶">黃道帶</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">受影響於</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E4%BC%A6%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="巴比伦天文学">巴比伦天文学</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="埃及天文学">埃及天文学</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">施影響於</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="中世紀科學史">中世紀西歐科學</a> · <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="印度天文學">印度天文學</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="中古伊斯蘭天文學">中世紀伊斯蘭天文學</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="常用的天球坐标系" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83%E5%9D%90%E6%A8%99" title="Template:天球坐標"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83%E5%9D%90%E6%A8%99" title="Template talk:天球坐標"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83%E5%9D%90%E6%A8%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:天球坐標"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="常用的天球坐标系" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">常用的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83%E5%9D%90%E6%A0%87%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="天球坐标系统">天球坐标系</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>基本概念：</b> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基点（坐标系）" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Astronomical coordinate systems#Coordinate systems"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%82%B9%EF%BC%88%E5%9D%90%E6%A0%87%E7%B3%BB%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基点（坐标系）（页面不存在）">基点</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_coordinate_systems#Coordinate_systems" class="extiw" title="en:Astronomical coordinate systems"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Astronomical coordinate systems#Coordinate systems</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E9%9D%A2" title="基面">基面</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">天球</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%90%E6%A8%99%E7%B3%BB" title="坐標系">坐標系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E5%BD%A2" title="天文三角形">天文三角形</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%90%E6%A8%99%E7%B3%BB" title="地平坐標系">地平坐標系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">点</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%A0%82" title="天頂">天頂点</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%BA%95" title="天底">天底点</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9B%E6%96%B9%E7%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="四方点（页面不存在）">四方点</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97" title="北">北点</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97" title="南">南点</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1" title="東">东点</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF" title="西">西点</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">线</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85%E5%9E%82%E7%BA%BF" title="铅垂线">铅垂线</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E7%BA%BF" title="经线">正午线</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">圈</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%B9%B3%E5%9C%88" title="地平圈">地平圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%82%E7%9B%B4%E5%9C%88" title="垂直圈">垂直圈</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%8D%88%E5%9C%88" title="子午圈">子午圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AF%E9%85%89%E5%9C%88" title="卯酉圈">卯酉圈</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AD%89%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="等高圈（页面不存在）">等高圈</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">坐标</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%96%E7%9B%B4%E8%A7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="竖直角（页面不存在）">竖直角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%B0%E8%A7%92" title="仰角">高度角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E4%BD%8D%E8%A7%92" title="方位角">方位角</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93%E5%9D%90%E6%A8%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="赤道坐標系統">赤道坐标系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">点</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%A5%B5" title="天極">天極</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A9%E6%A5%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北天極（页面不存在）">北</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%A9%E6%A5%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南天極（页面不存在）">南</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93%E7%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赤道点（页面不存在）">赤道点</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93%E7%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上赤道点（页面不存在）">上</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8B%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93%E7%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="下赤道点（页面不存在）">下</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%BB%9E" title="分點">二分点</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%BE%8A%E5%AE%AE%E7%9A%84%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%BB%9E" title="白羊宮的第一點">春</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8B%E5%88%86%E7%82%B9" title="秋分点">秋</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">线</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E8%BD%B4%EF%BC%88%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天轴（天文）（页面不存在）">天轴</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">圈</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%90%83%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93" title="天球赤道">赤道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E5%9C%88" title="时圈">赤经圈/时圈</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%A4%E7%BA%AC%E5%9C%88/%E5%91%A8%E6%97%A5%E5%9C%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赤纬圈/周日圈（页面不存在）">赤纬圈/周日圈</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">坐标</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E7%BA%AC" title="赤纬">赤纬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E7%BB%8F" title="赤经">赤经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E8%A7%92" title="時角">時角</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%81%93%E5%9D%90%E6%A8%99%E7%B3%BB" title="黃道坐標系">黃道坐標系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="点" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">点</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%A5%B5" title="黃極">黃極</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E9%BB%84%E6%9E%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北黄极（页面不存在）">北</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E9%BB%84%E6%9E%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南黄极（页面不存在）">南</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%BB%9E" title="分點">二分点</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%BE%8A%E5%AE%AE%E7%9A%84%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%BB%9E" title="白羊宮的第一點">春</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8B%E5%88%86%E7%82%B9" title="秋分点">秋</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B3%E9%BB%9E" title="至點">二至点</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8F%E8%87%B3%E7%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="夏至点（页面不存在）">夏</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%AC%E8%87%B3%E7%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冬至点（页面不存在）">冬</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">圈</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%81%93" title="黄道">黄道</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E7%BB%8F%E5%9C%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄经圈（页面不存在）">黄经圈</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E7%BA%AC%E5%9C%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄纬圈（页面不存在）">黄纬圈</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">坐标</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E7%B6%93" title="黃經">黃經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E7%B7%AF" title="黃緯">黃緯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B6%E9%81%93%E5%9D%90%E6%A0%87%E7%B3%BB" title="银道坐标系">银道坐标系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="基准" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">基准</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B6%E9%81%93%E5%9D%90%E6%A0%87%E7%B3%BB" title="银道坐标系">銀經</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8A%80%E9%81%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="銀道（页面不存在）">銀道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E5%BF%83" title="銀心">銀心</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E5%9D%90%E6%A8%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="超星系坐標系統">超星系坐标系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="基准" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">基准</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E6%9E%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超星系极（页面不存在）">超星系极</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E6%98%9F%E7%B3%BB%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超星系面（页面不存在）">超星系面</a></li></ul> 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