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Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Faroese_orthography" title="Special:EditPage/Faroese orthography">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Faroese+orthography%22">"Faroese orthography"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Faroese+orthography%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Faroese+orthography%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Faroese+orthography%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Faroese+orthography%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Faroese+orthography%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (March 2015) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">This article contains <a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">phonetic transcriptions</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</div></div> </div> Faroese orthography is the method employed to write the <a href="/wiki/Faroese_language" title="Faroese language">Faroese language</a>, using a 29-letter Latin alphabet, although it does not include the letters C, Q, W, X and Z. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alphabet">Alphabet</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Faroese_orthography&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Alphabet">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Exampleoffaroeseuseofdoubleumlaut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Exampleoffaroeseuseofdoubleumlaut.jpg/220px-Exampleoffaroeseuseofdoubleumlaut.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Exampleoffaroeseuseofdoubleumlaut.jpg/330px-Exampleoffaroeseuseofdoubleumlaut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Exampleoffaroeseuseofdoubleumlaut.jpg/440px-Exampleoffaroeseuseofdoubleumlaut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>An example of Faroese ő. The usual orthography would be <a href="/wiki/Fuglafj%C3%B8r%C3%B0ur" title="Fuglafjørður">Fuglafjørður</a>.</figcaption></figure> The Faroese <a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">alphabet</a> consists of 29 letters derived from the <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a>: <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="29"><a href="/wiki/Capital_letters" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital letters">Majuscule forms</a> (also called uppercase or capital letters) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">A</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%81" title="Á">Á</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">B</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">D</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eth" title="Eth">Ð</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">F</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">G</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">H</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">I</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%8D" title="Í">Í</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">J</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">L</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">M</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">N</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">O</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%93" title="Ó">Ó</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">R</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">S</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">T</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%9A" title="Ú">Ú</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Y</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%9D" title="Ý">Ý</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">Æ</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%98" title="Ø">Ø</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="29"><a href="/wiki/Lower_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower case">Minuscule forms</a> (also called lowercase or small letters) </th></tr> <tr> <td>a</td> <td>á</td> <td>b</td> <td>d</td> <td>ð</td> <td>e</td> <td>f</td> <td>g</td> <td>h</td> <td>i</td> <td>í</td> <td>j</td> <td>k</td> <td>l</td> <td>m</td> <td>n</td> <td>o</td> <td>ó</td> <td>p</td> <td>r</td> <td>s</td> <td>t</td> <td>u</td> <td>ú</td> <td>v</td> <td>y</td> <td>ý</td> <td>æ</td> <td>ø </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Names of letters </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Letter </th> <th>Name </th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Aa </td> <td>fyrra a ("leading a") </td> <td>[ˈfɪɹːa ɛaː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Áá </td> <td>á </td> <td>[ɔaː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bb </td> <td>be </td> <td>[peː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dd </td> <td>de </td> <td>[teː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ðð </td> <td>edd </td> <td>[ɛtː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ee </td> <td>e </td> <td>[eː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ff </td> <td>eff </td> <td>[ɛfː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gg </td> <td>ge </td> <td>[keː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hh </td> <td>há </td> <td>[hɔaː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ii </td> <td>fyrra i ("leading i") </td> <td>[ˈfɪɹːa iː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Íí </td> <td>fyrra í ("leading í") </td> <td>[ˈfɪɹːa ʊiː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jj </td> <td>jodd </td> <td>[jɔtː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kk </td> <td>ká </td> <td>[kʰɔaː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ll </td> <td>ell </td> <td>[ɛlː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mm </td> <td>emm </td> <td>[ɛmː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nn </td> <td>enn </td> <td>[ɛnː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oo </td> <td>o </td> <td>[oː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Óó </td> <td>ó </td> <td>[ɔuː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pp </td> <td>pe </td> <td>[pʰeː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rr </td> <td>err </td> <td>[ɛɹː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ss </td> <td>ess </td> <td>[ɛsː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tt </td> <td>te </td> <td>[tʰeː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Uu </td> <td>u </td> <td>[uː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Úú </td> <td>ú </td> <td>[ʉuː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vv </td> <td>ve </td> <td>[veː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yy </td> <td>seinna i ("latter i") </td> <td>[ˈsaiːtna iː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ýý </td> <td>seinna í ("latter í") </td> <td>[ˈsaiːtna ʊiː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ææ </td> <td>seinna a ("latter a") </td> <td>[ˈsaiːtna ɛaː] </td></tr> <tr> <td>Øø </td> <td>ø </td> <td>[øː] </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Obsolete letters </th></tr> <tr> <td>Xx </td> <td>eks </td> <td>[ɛʰks] </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eth" title="Eth">Eth</a> ⟨ð⟩ (Faroese edd) never appears at the beginning of a word, which means its majuscule form ⟨Ð⟩ rarely occurs except in situations where all-capital letters are used, such as on maps.</li> <li>⟨<a href="/wiki/%C3%98" title="Ø">Ø</a>⟩ can also be written ⟨<a href="/wiki/%C3%96" title="Ö">ö</a>⟩ in poetic language, such as Föroyar ('the Faroes'). This has to do with different orthographic traditions (<a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Norway" title="Denmark–Norway">Danish–Norwegian</a> for ⟨ø⟩ and Icelandic for ⟨ö⟩). Originally, both forms were used, depending on the historical form of the word; ⟨ø⟩ was used when the vowel resulted from I-mutation of /o/ while ⟨ö⟩ was used when the vowel resulted from U-mutation of /a/. In handwriting, ⟨<a href="/wiki/%C5%90" class="mw-redirect" title="Ő">ő</a>⟩ is sometimes used.</li> <li>While ⟨<a href="/wiki/C" title="C">c</a>⟩, ⟨<a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">q</a>⟩, ⟨<a href="/wiki/W" title="W">w</a>⟩, ⟨<a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a>⟩, and ⟨<a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a>⟩ are not found in the Faroese language, ⟨<a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a>⟩ was known in earlier versions of Hammershaimb's orthography, such as ⟨Saxun⟩ for <a href="/wiki/Saksun" title="Saksun">Saksun</a>.</li> <li>While the Faroese keyboard layout allows one to write in Latin, English, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Finnish, etc., the Old Norse and Modern Icelandic letter ⟨<a href="/wiki/%C3%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Þ">þ</a>⟩ is missing. In related Faroese words, it is written as either ⟨t⟩ or ⟨h⟩. If an Icelandic name has to be transcribed, ⟨th⟩ is common.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spelling-to-sound_correspondence">Spelling-to-sound correspondence</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Faroese_orthography&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Spelling-to-sound correspondence">edit</a>]</div> This section lists <a href="/wiki/Faroese_language" title="Faroese language">Faroese</a> letters and letter combinations and their phonemic representation in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thrainsson-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Faroese_orthography&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Vowels">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KB_Faroese.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/KB_Faroese.svg/220px-KB_Faroese.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/KB_Faroese.svg/330px-KB_Faroese.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/KB_Faroese.svg/440px-KB_Faroese.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Faroese <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_layout" title="Keyboard layout">keyboard layout</a></figcaption></figure> Faroese vowels may be either long or short, but this distinction is only relevant in stressed syllables: the only unstressed vowels (at least in native words) are [a, ɪ, ʊ]. The vowel length is determined by the number of consonants that follow the vowel: if there is only one consonant (i.e., CVCV or CVC# syllable structure), the vowel is long; if there are more than one (CVCCV), counting geminates and pre-aspirated stops as CC, the vowel is short.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÁrnason2011152–3-2">[2]</a> In addition to long monophthongs, Faroese also has diphthongs, which are always long. There are, however, some exceptions to the vowel length rule:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELockwood20028-3">[3]</a> <ol><li>A vowel is long if it precedes a consonant combination ⟨b, d, g, k, p, s, t⟩ + ⟨j, l, r⟩. Examples include akrar, epli, møblar. The situation is however more complex, as seen below: <ul><li>When the second consonant is ⟨j⟩, as in vekja, vitja, and tysja, the combination is treated as one sound (see below), and thus the vowel is long. However, the vowel before ⟨pj⟩ is short.</li> <li>⟨tl⟩ is not considered to be a consonant cluster, so the vowel preceding it is short.</li></ul></li> <li>In loanwords before ⟨kv⟩, the vowel is optionally long.</li> <li>The genitive suffix ⟨-s⟩ does not affect the vowel length; e.g., báts, skips.</li></ol> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Vowels<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÁrnason201168-4">[4]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Grapheme </th> <th colspan="2">Sound (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a>) </th> <th rowspan="2">Examples </th></tr> <tr> <th>Short </th> <th>Long </th></tr> <tr> <th>a </th> <td style="text-align: center;">[a] </td> <td style="text-align: center;">[ɛaː] </td> <td>spakt [spakt] "calm (n)" spakur [ˈspɛaː(ʰ)kʊɹ] "calm (m)" </td></tr> <tr> <th>á </th> <td style="text-align: center;">[ɔ] </td> <td style="text-align: center;">[ɔaː] </td> <td>vátt [vɔʰtː] "wet (n)" vátur [ˈvɔaːtʊɹ] "wet (m)" </td></tr> <tr> <th>e </th> <td style="text-align: center;">[ɛ] </td> <td style="text-align: center;">[eː] </td> <td>frekt [fɹɛʰkt] "greedy (n)" frekur [ˈfɹeːkʊɹ] "greedy (m)" </td></tr> <tr> <th>i </th> <td style="text-align: center;">[ɪ] </td> <td style="text-align: center;">[iː] </td> <td>lint [lɪn̥t] "soft (n)" linur [ˈliːnʊɹ] "soft (m)" </td></tr> <tr> <th>í </th> <td style="text-align: center;">[ʊi] </td> <td style="text-align: center;">[ʊiː] </td> <td>kvítt [kfʊiʰtː] "white (n)" kvítur [ˈkfʊiːtʊɹ] "white (m)" </td></tr> <tr> <th>o </th> <td style="text-align: center;">[ɔ] </td> <td style="text-align: center;">[oː] </td> <td>toldi [tʰɔltɪ] "endured" tola [ˈtʰoːla] "to endure" </td></tr> <tr> <th>ó </th> <td style="text-align: center;">[œ] </td> <td style="text-align: center;">[ɔuː] </td> <td>tómt [tʰœm̥t] "empty (n)" tómur [ˈtʰɔuːmʊɹ] "empty (m)" </td></tr> <tr> <th>u </th> <td style="text-align: center;">[ʊ] </td> <td style="text-align: center;">[uː] </td> <td>gult [kʊl̥t] "yellow (n)" gulur [ˈkuːlʊɹ] "yellow (m)" </td></tr> <tr> <th>ú </th> <td style="text-align: center;">[ʏ] </td> <td style="text-align: center;">[ʉuː] </td> <td>fúlt [fʏl̥t] "foul (n)" fúlur [ˈfʉuːlʊɹ] "foul (m)" </td></tr> <tr> <th>y </th> <td style="text-align: center;">[ɪ] </td> <td style="text-align: center;">[iː] </td> <td>mystisk [ˈmʏstɪsk] "mysterious" mytisk [ˈmyːtɪsk] "mythological" </td></tr> <tr> <th>ý </th> <td style="text-align: center;">[ʊi] </td> <td style="text-align: center;">[ʊiː] </td> <td>týskt [tʰʊiskt] "German (n)" týskur [ˈtʰʊiːskʊɹ] "German (m)" </td></tr> <tr> <th>æ </th> <td style="text-align: center;">[a] </td> <td style="text-align: center;">[ɛaː] </td> <td>mætt [maʰtː] "nice (n)" mætur [ˈmɛaːtʊɹ] "nice (m)" </td></tr> <tr> <th>ø </th> <td style="text-align: center;">[œ] </td> <td style="text-align: center;">[øː] </td> <td>høgt [hœkt] "high (n)" høgur [ˈhøːʋʊɹ] "high (m)" </td></tr> <tr> <th>ei </th> <td style="text-align: center;">[ai] </td> <td style="text-align: center;">[aiː] </td> <td>feitt [faiʰtː] "fat (n)" feitur [ˈfaiːtʊɹ] "fat (m)" </td></tr> <tr> <th>ey </th> <td style="text-align: center;">[ɛ] </td> <td style="text-align: center;">[ɛiː] </td> <td>deytt [tɛʰtː] "dead (n)" deyður [ˈteiːjʊɹ] "dead (m)" </td></tr> <tr> <th>oy </th> <td style="text-align: center;">[ɔi] </td> <td style="text-align: center;">[ɔiː] </td> <td>gloymdi [ˈklɔiːmtɪ] "forgot" gloyma [ˈklɔiːma] "to forget" </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants[5]">Consonants<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELockwood200214–22-5">[5]</a></h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Faroese_orthography&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Consonants[5]">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable nowrap"> <caption>Consonants </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a> </th> <th>Phonetic realization (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a>) </th> <th>Examples </th></tr> <tr> <th>b </th> <td>[p] </td> <td>bátur [ˈpɔaːʰtʊɹ] "boat" </td></tr> <tr> <th>d </th> <td>[t] </td> <td>dýr [tiːɹ] "animal" </td></tr> <tr> <th>dj </th> <td>[t͡ʃ] </td> <td>djúpur [ˈt͡ʃʉuːpʊɹ] "deep" </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">ð </th> <td colspan="2">between vowels: <dl><dd>See <a href="#Glide_insertion">#Glide insertion</a> for more information.</dd></dl> </td></tr> <tr> <td>other contexts: <dl><dd>Ø</dd></dl> </td> <td>borð [poːɹ] "table" </td></tr> <tr> <th>f </th> <td>[f] </td> <td>fiskur [ˈfɪskʊɹ] "fish" </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">ft </th> <td>in the words aftan (adverb), aftur, eftir and lyfta: <dl><dd>[tː ~ ʰt]</dd></dl> </td> <td>aftan [ˈatːan] "behind" </td></tr> <tr> <td>other contexts: <dl><dd>[ft]</dd></dl> </td> <td>aftan [ˈaftan] "evening (before a <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saint</a>'s holiday)" </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="5">g </th> <td>before e, i, í or ey, when not a loanword or pet name: <dl><dd>[t͡ʃ]</dd></dl> </td> <td>gildi [ˈt͡ʃɪltɪ] "celebration" </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">between vowels: <dl><dd>See <a href="#Glide_insertion">#Glide insertion</a> for more information.</dd></dl> </td></tr> <tr> <td>in the suffixes -igt, -ligt and -ugt (neuter forms): <dl><dd>Ø</dd></dl> </td> <td>merkiligt [ˈmɛɹ̥kʰɪlɪʰt] "remarkable (n)" </td></tr> <tr> <td>before n, in past participles: <dl><dd>[t]</dd></dl> </td> <td>slignir [ˈslɪtnɪɹ] "mown (m pl)" </td></tr> <tr> <td>other contexts: <dl><dd>[k]</dd></dl> </td> <td>góður [ˈkɔuːwʊɹ] "good" </td></tr> <tr> <th>gj </th> <td>[t͡ʃ] </td> <td>gjógv [ˈt͡ʃɛkf] "ravine" </td></tr> <tr> <th>h </th> <td>[h] </td> <td>hús [hʉuːs] "house" </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">hj </th> <td>before a vowel and two consonants: <dl><dd>[j]</dd></dl> </td> <td>hjálp [jɔɬp] "help" </td></tr> <tr> <td>other contexts: <dl><dd>[t͡ʃ]</dd></dl> </td> <td>hjól [ˈt͡ʃʰɔuːl] "wheel" </td></tr> <tr> <th>hv </th> <td>[kʰv] </td> <td>hvalur [ˈkʰvɛaːlʊɹ] "whale" </td></tr> <tr> <th>j </th> <td>[j] </td> <td>jól [jɔuːɬ] "Christmas" </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">k </th> <td>before e, i, í or ey, when not before a vowel or a loanword: <dl><dd>[t͡ʃʰ]</dd></dl> </td> <td>kensla [ˈt͡ʃʰɛnsla] "feeling" </td></tr> <tr> <td>other contexts: <dl><dd>[kʰ]</dd></dl> </td> <td>kongur [ˈkʰɔŋkʊɹ] "king" </td></tr> <tr> <th>kj </th> <td>[t͡ʃʰ] </td> <td>kjósa [ˈt͡ʃʰɔusa] "to choose" </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">kk </th> <td>before i <dl><dd>[t͡ʃː ~ ʰt͡ʃ]</dd></dl> </td> <td>politikkin [pʰolɪˈtɪt͡ʃːɪn] "the policy (acc)" </td></tr> <tr> <td>other contexts: <dl><dd>[kː ~ ʰk]</dd></dl> </td> <td>klokka [ˈkʰlɔkːa] "clock" </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">l </th> <td>before a voiceless consonant, or word finally after a voiceless consonant: <dl><dd>[ɬ]</dd></dl> </td> <td>milt [ˈmɪɬt] "spleen" </td></tr> <tr> <td>other contexts: <dl><dd>[l]</dd></dl> </td> <td>linur [ˈliːnʊɹ] "soft" </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">ll </th> <td>in loan words and pet names: <dl><dd>[lː]</dd></dl> </td> <td>mylla [ˈmɪlːa] "mill" </td></tr> <tr> <td>other contexts: <dl><dd>[t͡ɬ]</dd></dl> </td> <td>fjall [ˈfjat͡ɬ] "mountain" </td></tr> <tr> <th>m </th> <td>[m] </td> <td>maður [ˈmɛaːvʊɹ] "man" </td></tr> <tr> <th>n </th> <td>[n] </td> <td>navn [naun] "name" </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">ng </th> <td>before e, i, í or ey: <dl><dd>[ɲt͡ʃ]</dd></dl> </td> <td>ungi [ˈʊɲt͡ʃɪ] "fledgling" </td></tr> <tr> <td>other contexts: <dl><dd>[ŋk]</dd></dl> </td> <td>langur [ˈlɛŋkʊɹ] "long" </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">nk </th> <td>before e, i, í or ey: <dl><dd>[ɲ̊t͡ʃ]</dd></dl> </td> <td>bonki [ˈpɔɲ̊t͡ʃɪ] "bench (dat)" </td></tr> <tr> <td>other contexts: <dl><dd>[ŋ̊k]</dd></dl> </td> <td>banka [ˈpɛŋ̊ka] "to knock" </td></tr> <tr> <th>nj </th> <td>[ɲ ~ nj] </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">nn </th> <td>after diphthongs: <dl><dd>[tn]</dd></dl> </td> <td>seinni [ˈsaitnɪ] "later" </td></tr> <tr> <td>other contexts: <dl><dd>[nː]</dd></dl> </td> <td>renna [ˈɹɛnːa] "to run" </td></tr> <tr> <th>p </th> <td>[pʰ] </td> <td>pípa [ˈpʰʊiːpa] "pipe" </td></tr> <tr> <th>pp </th> <td>[ʰp] </td> <td>heppin [ˈhɛʰpɪn] "lucky" </td></tr> <tr> <th>r </th> <td>[ɹ ~ ɻ] </td> <td>rógva [ˈɹɛɡva] "to row" </td></tr> <tr> <th>s </th> <td>[s] </td> <td>síða [ˈsʊiːja] "page" </td></tr> <tr> <th>sj </th> <td>[ʃ] </td> <td>sjálvur [ˈʃɔlvʊɹ] "self" </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">sk </th> <td>before e, i, í or ey, word initially: <dl><dd>[ʃ]</dd></dl> </td> <td>skip [ʃiːp] "ship" </td></tr> <tr> <td>before e, i, í or ey, word internally: <dl><dd>[st͡ʃ]</dd></dl> </td> <td>elski [ˈɛɬst͡ʃɪ] "I love" </td></tr> <tr> <td>other contexts: <dl><dd>[sk]</dd></dl> </td> <td>skúli [ˈskʉulɪ] "school" </td></tr> <tr> <th>skj </th> <td>[ʃ] </td> <td>skjótt [ʃœtː] "quickly" </td></tr> <tr> <th>stj </th> <td>[ʃ] </td> <td>stjørna [ˈʃœɳa] "star" </td></tr> <tr> <th>t </th> <td>[tʰ] </td> <td>tá [tʰɔa] "toe" </td></tr> <tr> <th>tj </th> <td>[t͡ʃʰ] </td> <td>tjóð [t͡ʃʰɔuːw] "people" </td></tr> <tr> <th>tt </th> <td>[tː ~ ʰt] </td> <td>brott [ˈpɹɔtː] "away" </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">v </th> <td>before a voiceless consonant: <dl><dd>[f]</dd></dl> </td> <td>skeivt [skaift] "wrong (n)" </td></tr> <tr> <td>other contexts: <dl><dd>[v ~ ʋ]</dd></dl> </td> <td>vatn [vaʰtn̥] "water" </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Glide_insertion">Glide insertion</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Faroese_orthography&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Glide insertion">edit</a>]</div> Faroese avoids having a <a href="/wiki/Hiatus_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiatus (linguistics)">hiatus</a> between two vowels by inserting a <a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">glide</a>. Orthographically, this is shown in three ways: <ol><li>vowel + ⟨ð⟩ + vowel</li> <li>vowel + ⟨g⟩ + vowel</li> <li>vowel + vowel</li></ol> Typically, the first vowel is long and in words with two syllables always stressed, while the second vowel is short and unstressed. In Faroese, short and unstressed vowels can only be /a, i, u/. <table class="wikitable" style="margin-left: 15px;"> <caption>Glide insertion<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÞráinsson200438-6">[6]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">First vowel </th> <th colspan="3">Second vowel </th> <th rowspan="2">Examples </th></tr> <tr> <td>i [ɪ] </td> <td>u [ʊ] </td> <td>a [a] </td></tr> <tr> <td>i, y [iː] </td> <td>[j] </td> <td>[j] </td> <td>[j] </td> <td>sigið, siður, siga </td></tr> <tr> <td>í, ý [ʊiː] </td> <td>[j] </td> <td>[j] </td> <td>[j] </td> <td>mígi, mígur, míga </td></tr> <tr> <td>ey [ɛiː] </td> <td>[j] </td> <td>[j] </td> <td>[j] </td> <td>reyði, reyður, reyða </td></tr> <tr> <td>ei [aiː] </td> <td>[j] </td> <td>[j] </td> <td>[j] </td> <td>reiði, reiður, reiða </td></tr> <tr> <td>oy [ɔiː] </td> <td>[j] </td> <td>[j] </td> <td>[j] </td> <td>noyði, royður, royða </td></tr> <tr> <td>u [uː] </td> <td>[w] </td> <td>[w] </td> <td>[w] </td> <td>suði, mugu, suða </td></tr> <tr> <td>ó [ɔuː] </td> <td>[w] </td> <td>[w] </td> <td>[w] </td> <td>róði, róðu, Nóa </td></tr> <tr> <td>ú [ʉuː] </td> <td>[w] </td> <td>[w] </td> <td>[w] </td> <td>búði, búðu, túa </td></tr> <tr> <td>a, æ [ɛaː] </td> <td>[j] </td> <td>[v] </td> <td>∅ </td> <td>ræði, æðu, glaða </td></tr> <tr> <td>á [ɔaː] </td> <td>[j] </td> <td>[v] </td> <td>∅ </td> <td>ráði, fáur, ráða </td></tr> <tr> <td>e [eː] </td> <td>[j] </td> <td>[v] </td> <td>∅ </td> <td>gleði, legu, gleða </td></tr> <tr> <td>o [oː] </td> <td>[j] </td> <td>[v] </td> <td>∅ </td> <td>togið, smogu, roða </td></tr> <tr> <td>ø [øː] </td> <td>[j] </td> <td>[v] </td> <td>∅ </td> <td>løgin, røðu, høgan </td></tr></tbody></table> The value of the glide is determined by the surrounding vowels: <ol><li>[j] <ul><li>"I-surrounding, type 1" – after ⟨i, y, í, ý, ei, ey, oy⟩: bíða [ˈbʊija] (to wait), deyður [ˈdɛijʊɹ] (dead), seyður [ˈsɛijʊɹ] (sheep)</li> <li>"I-surrounding, type 2" – between any vowel (except "u-vowels" ⟨ó, u, ú⟩) and ⟨i⟩: kvæði [ˈkvɛaje] (ballad), øði [ˈøːjɪ] (rage).</li></ul></li> <li>[w] <ul><li>"U-surrounding, type 1" – after ⟨ó, u, ú⟩: <a href="/wiki/Odin" title="Odin">Óðin</a> [ˈɔʊwɪn] (Odin), góðan morgun! [ˌɡɔʊwan ˈmɔɹɡʊn] (good morning!), suður [ˈsuːwʊɹ] (south), slóða [ˈslɔʊwa] (to make a trace).</li></ul></li> <li>[v] <ul><li>"U-surrounding, type 2" – between ⟨a, á, e, o, æ, ø⟩ and ⟨u⟩: áður [ˈɔavʊɹ] (before), leður [ˈleːvʊɹ] (leather), í klæðum [ʊɪˈklɛavʊn] (in clothes), í bløðum [ʊɪˈbløːvʊn] (in newspapers).</li> <li>"A-surrounding, type 2" <ul><li>These are exceptions (there is also a regular pronunciation): æða [ˈɛava] (eider-duck).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Past_participle" class="mw-redirect" title="Past participle">past participles</a> always have [j]: elskaðar [ˈɛlskajaɹ] (beloved, nom., acc. fem. pl.)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Silent <ul><li>"A-surrounding, type 1" – between ⟨a, á, e, o⟩ and ⟨a⟩ and in some words between ⟨æ, ø⟩ and ⟨a⟩: ráða [ˈɹɔːa] (to advise), gleða [ˈɡ̊leːa] (to gladden, please), boða [ˈboːa] (to forebode), kvøða [ˈkvøːa] (to chant), røða [ˈɹøːa] (to make a speech)</li></ul></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Faroese_orthography&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_language" title="Faroese language">Faroese language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_orthography" title="Icelandic orthography">Icelandic orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_orthography" title="Danish orthography">Danish orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_orthography" title="Norwegian orthography">Norwegian orthography</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Faroese_orthography&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-thrainsson-1"><a href="#cite_ref-thrainsson_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFÞráinsson2002" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Þráinsson, Höskuldur (2002) [1994]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rp0hYcAjlIoC&pg=PA142">"Icelandic"</a>. In König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan (eds.). The Germanic Languages. Routledge Language Family Descriptions. pp. 142–152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-05768-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-05768-X"><bdi>0-415-05768-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Icelandic&rft.btitle=The+Germanic+Languages&rft.series=Routledge+Language+Family+Descriptions&rft.pages=142-152&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-415-05768-X&rft.aulast=%C3%9Er%C3%A1insson&rft.aufirst=H%C3%B6skuldur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Drp0hYcAjlIoC%26pg%3DPA142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFaroese+orthography" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEÁrnason2011152–3-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÁrnason2011152–3_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFÁrnason2011">Árnason 2011</a>, pp. 152–3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELockwood20028-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELockwood20028_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLockwood2002">Lockwood 2002</a>, p. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEÁrnason201168-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÁrnason201168_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFÁrnason2011">Árnason (2011)</a>, p. 68. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELockwood200214–22-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELockwood200214–22_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLockwood2002">Lockwood 2002</a>, pp. 14–22. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEÞráinsson200438-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÞráinsson200438_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFÞráinsson2004">Þráinsson (2004)</a>, p. 38. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Language_orthographies" title="Template:Language orthographies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Language_orthographies" title="Template talk:Language orthographies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Language_orthographies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Language orthographies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Orthographies_of_the_world&#039;s_languages" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">Orthographies</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_languages" title="Lists of languages">world's languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Language_phonologies" title="Template:Language phonologies">Phonologies</a></li> <li>Orthographies</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Language_grammars" title="Template:Language grammars">Grammars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Language_adjectives" title="Template:Language adjectives">Adjectives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Language_determiners" title="Template:Language determiners">Determiners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Language_nouns" title="Template:Language nouns">Nouns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Language_prepositions" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Language prepositions">Prepositions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Language_pronouns" title="Template:Language pronouns">Pronouns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Language_verbs" title="Template:Language verbs">Verbs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaans alphabet">Afrikaans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_orthography" title="Danish orthography">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_orthography" title="Dutch orthography">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">English</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_orthography" title="German orthography">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_orthography" title="Icelandic orthography">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_orthography" title="Norwegian orthography">Norwegian</a></li> <li>Swedish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_alphabet" title="Swedish alphabet">alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_orthography" title="Swedish orthography">orthography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Frisian_alphabet" title="West Frisian alphabet">West Frisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_orthography" title="Yiddish orthography">Yiddish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_language#Orthography" title="Breton language">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_language#Orthography" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kernewek_Kemmyn" title="Kernewek Kemmyn">Kernewek Kemmyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Written_Form" title="Standard Written Form">Standard Written Form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernowek_Standard" title="Kernowek Standard">Kernowek Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Cornish" title="Modern Cornish">Modern Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Cornish" title="Unified Cornish">Unified Cornish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_orthography" title="Irish orthography">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_language#Orthography" title="Manx language">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_orthography" title="Scottish Gaelic orthography">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_orthography" title="Welsh orthography">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_alphabet" title="Aromanian alphabet">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_orthography" title="Catalan orthography">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_orthography" title="French orthography">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istro-Romanian_alphabet" title="Istro-Romanian alphabet">Istro-Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_orthography" title="Italian orthography">Italian</a></li> <li>Latin <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_phonology_and_orthography" title="Latin phonology and orthography">Phonology & ortography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">alphabet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_orthography" title="Portuguese orthography">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_alphabet" title="Romanian alphabet">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_orthography" title="Sicilian orthography">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_orthography" title="Spanish orthography">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walloon_orthography" title="Walloon orthography">Walloon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baltic_languages" title="Baltic languages">Baltic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_orthography" title="Latvian orthography">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_orthography" title="Lithuanian orthography">Lithuanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_alphabet" title="Belarusian alphabet">Belarusian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_alphabet" title="Belarusian alphabet">Cyrillic alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Latin_alphabet" title="Belarusian Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara%C5%A1kievica" title="Taraškievica">Classical orthography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_alphabet" title="Bulgarian alphabet">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_orthography" title="Czech orthography">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_alphabet" title="Macedonian alphabet">Macedonian</a></li> <li>Polish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_alphabet" title="Polish alphabet">alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_orthography" title="Polish orthography">orthography</a></li></ul></li> <li>Russian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_alphabet" title="Russian alphabet">alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_orthography" title="Russian orthography">orthography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_orthography" title="Silesian orthography">Silesian</a></li> <li>Serbo-Croatian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Serbian Cyrillic alphabet">Cyrillic alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaj%27s_Latin_alphabet" title="Gaj's Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_alphabet" title="Montenegrin alphabet">Montenegrin alphabet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_orthography" title="Slovak orthography">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_alphabet" title="Slovene alphabet">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbian_alphabet" title="Sorbian alphabet">Sorbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_orthography" title="Ukrainian orthography">Ukrainian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_alphabet" title="Ukrainian alphabet">Cyrillic alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Latin_alphabet" title="Ukrainian Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_alphabets" title="Kurdish alphabets">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto_alphabet" title="Pashto alphabet">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_alphabet" title="Persian alphabet">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_alphabet" title="Tajik alphabet">Tajik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_alphabet" title="Bengali alphabet">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_orthography" title="Hindustani orthography">Hindustani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_alphabet" title="Urdu alphabet">Urdu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Maldivian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balbodh" title="Balbodh">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_alphabets" title="Romani alphabets">Romani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_alphabet" title="Albanian alphabet">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_orthography" title="Greek orthography">Greek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uralic_languages" title="Uralic languages">Uralic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_orthography" title="Estonian orthography">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_orthography" title="Finnish orthography">Finnish</a></li> <li>Hungarian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_alphabet" title="Hungarian alphabet">alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_orthography" title="Hungarian orthography">orthography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelian_alphabet" title="Karelian alphabet">Karelian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_alphabets" title="Komi alphabets">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_language" title="Livonian language">Livonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansi_alphabets" title="Mansi alphabets">Mansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordvinic_alphabets" title="Mordvinic alphabets">Mordvinic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moksha_language" title="Moksha language">Moksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzya_language" title="Erzya language">Erzyan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_orthography" title="Sámi orthography">Sámi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kildin_S%C3%A1mi_orthography" title="Kildin Sámi orthography">Kildin Sámi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_alphabets" title="Udmurt alphabets">Udmurt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_alphabet" title="Azerbaijani alphabet">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkir_alphabet" title="Bashkir alphabet">Bashkir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_alphabet" title="Crimean Tatar alphabet">Crimean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_alphabet" title="Gagauz alphabet">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets" title="Kazakh alphabets">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakas_alphabets" title="Khakas alphabets">Khakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_alphabets" title="Kyrgyz alphabets">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogai_alphabets" title="Nogai alphabets">Nogai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_alphabet" title="Tatar alphabet">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_alphabet" title="Turkish alphabet">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_alphabet" title="Turkmen alphabet">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_alphabets" title="Uyghur alphabets">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_alphabet" title="Uzbek alphabet">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_scripts" title="Yakut scripts">Yakut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_languages" title="Tungusic languages">Tungus—Manchu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Even_alphabets" title="Even alphabets">Even</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evenki_orthography" title="Evenki orthography">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udege_alphabets" title="Udege alphabets">Udege</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Europe" title="Languages of Europe">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_alphabet" title="Abkhaz alphabet">Abkhaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_alphabet" title="Basque alphabet">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dargin_writing" title="Dargin writing">Dargwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_alphabet" title="Arabic alphabet">Arabic</a></li> <li>Aramaic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Ethiopian Semitic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_spelling" title="Hebrew spelling">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew_orthography" title="Biblical Hebrew orthography">Biblical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_alphabet" title="Maltese alphabet">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_alphabets" title="Somali alphabets">Somali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_languages" title="Niger–Congo languages">Niger–Congo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fula_alphabets" title="Fula alphabets">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesotho_orthography" title="Sesotho orthography">Sotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_syllabary" title="Vai syllabary">Vai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japonic_languages" title="Japonic languages">Japonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_writing_system" title="Japanese writing system">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_scripts" title="Okinawan scripts">Okinawan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Written_Chinese" title="Written Chinese">Chinese</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dungan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Dungan alphabet">Dungan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_writing_systems" title="Mongolian writing systems">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_script" title="Thai script">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet" title="Vietnamese alphabet">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivkh_alphabets" title="Nivkh alphabets">Nivkh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_orthography" title="Filipino orthography">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_alphabet" title="Hawaiian alphabet">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_orthography" title="Malay orthography">Malay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Algic_languages" title="Algic languages">Algic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massachusett_writing_systems" title="Massachusett writing systems">Massachusett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_writing_systems" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Ojibwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Native American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_syllabics" title="Inuktitut syllabics">Inuktitut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahuatl_orthography" title="Nahuatl orthography">Nahuatl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">Creole</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Creole_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Haitian Creole alphabet">Haitian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papiamento_orthography" title="Papiamento orthography">Papiamento</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">Constructed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_orthography" title="Esperanto orthography">Esperanto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Faroese_orthography&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÁrnason2011" class="citation cs2">Árnason, Kristján (2011), The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199229314" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199229314"><bdi>978-0199229314</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+of+Icelandic+and+Faroese&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0199229314&rft.aulast=%C3%81rnason&rft.aufirst=Kristj%C3%A1n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFaroese+orthography" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÞráinsson2004" class="citation cs2">Þráinsson, Höskuldur (2004), Faroese: An Overview and Reference Grammar, Føroya Fróðskaparfelag, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9991841854" title="Special:BookSources/978-9991841854"><bdi>978-9991841854</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faroese%3A+An+Overview+and+Reference+Grammar&rft.pub=F%C3%B8roya+Fr%C3%B3%C3%B0skaparfelag&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-9991841854&rft.aulast=%C3%9Er%C3%A1insson&rft.aufirst=H%C3%B6skuldur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFaroese+orthography" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLockwood2002" class="citation cs2">Lockwood, W. B. (2002), An Introduction to Modern Faroese (4th, unaltered ed.), Tórshavn: Føroya Skúlabókagrunnur, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/99918-0-295-9" title="Special:BookSources/99918-0-295-9"><bdi>99918-0-295-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Modern+Faroese&rft.place=T%C3%B3rshavn&rft.edition=4th%2C+unaltered&rft.pub=F%C3%B8roya+Sk%C3%BAlab%C3%B3kagrunnur&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=99918-0-295-9&rft.aulast=Lockwood&rft.aufirst=W.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFaroese+orthography" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Faroese_orthography&oldid=1259714578">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Faroese_orthography&oldid=1259714578</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Faroese_language" title="Category:Faroese language">Faroese language</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indo-European_Latin-script_orthographies" title="Category:Indo-European Latin-script orthographies">Indo-European Latin-script orthographies</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_March_2015" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2015">Articles needing additional references from March 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_plain_IPA" title="Category:Pages with plain IPA">Pages with plain IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Faroese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Faroese-language text">Articles containing Faroese-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 November 2024, at 17:42 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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