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id="toc-Non-Earth_or_fictional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-Earth_or_fictional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Non-Earth or fictional</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-Earth_or_fictional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> 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cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">List of calendars</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%85" title="قائمة التقاويم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قائمة التقاويم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Kalendersysteme" title="Liste der Kalendersysteme – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liste der Kalendersysteme" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Calendarios" title="Anexo:Calendarios – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anexo:Calendarios" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="فهرست گاه‌شماری‌ها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فهرست گاه‌شماری‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_de_calendriers" title="Liste de calendriers – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liste de calendriers" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendarlar_listasi" title="Kalendarlar listasi – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Kalendarlar listasi" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popis_kalendara" title="Popis kalendara – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Popis kalendara" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalennersystemer" title="Kalennersystemer – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kalennersystemer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Список на календари – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Список на календари" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95" title="കലണ്ടറുകളുടെ പട്ടിക – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കലണ്ടറുകളുടെ പട്ടിക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9A%A6%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7" title="暦の一覧 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="暦の一覧" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_over_kalendere" title="Liste over kalendere – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Liste over kalendere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Список календарей – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Список календарей" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80" title="දින දසුන් ලැයිස්තුව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දින දසුන් ලැයිස්තුව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_kalendara" title="Lista kalendara – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lista kalendara" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listahan_ng_mga_kalendaryo" title="Listahan ng mga kalendaryo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Listahan ng mga kalendaryo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umu%C9%A3_n_teswasin" title="Umuɣ n teswasin – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Umuɣ n teswasin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%99%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D3%99%D1%80_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Тәкъвимнәр исемлеге – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тәкъвимнәр исемлеге" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takvimler_listesi" title="Takvimler listesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Takvimler listesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> This is a <b>list of <a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">calendars</a></b>. Included are <a href="/wiki/History_of_calendars" title="History of calendars">historical calendars</a> as well as proposed ones. Historical calendars are often grouped into larger categories by cultural sphere or historical period; thus O'Neil (1976) distinguishes the groupings <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_calendar" title="Egyptian calendar">Egyptian calendars</a> (Ancient Egypt), <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_calendar" title="Babylonian calendar">Babylonian calendars</a> (Ancient Mesopotamia), <a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Indian calendars</a> (Hindu and Buddhist traditions of the Indian subcontinent), <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesoamerican calendar">Mesoamerican calendars</a>. These are not specific calendars but series of historical calendars undergoing reforms or regional diversification. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Classical_Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Antiquity">Classical Antiquity</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_calendars" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenic calendars">Hellenic calendars</a> inspired the <a href="/wiki/Roman_calendar" title="Roman calendar">Roman calendar</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Solar_calendar" title="Solar calendar">solar</a> <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a> introduced in 45 BC. Many modern calendar proposals, including the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> introduced in 1582 AD, contains modifications from that of the Julian calendar. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_calendars">List of calendars</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_calendars&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: List of calendars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the list below, specific calendars are given, listed by calendar type (<a href="/wiki/Solar_calendar" title="Solar calendar">solar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">lunisolar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar</a>), time of introduction (if known), and the context of use and cultural or historical grouping (if applicable). Where appropriate, the regional or historical group (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Jewish calendar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Hijri calendar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Sikh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar">Mayan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aztec_calendar" title="Aztec calendar">Aztecan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_calendar" title="Egyptian calendar">Egyptian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_calendar" title="Babylonian calendar">Mesopotamian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesoamerican calendar">Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenic calendar">Hellenic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian</a>-derived) is noted. </p><p>Calendars fall into four types: <a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">lunisolar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solar_calendar" title="Solar calendar">solar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar</a> and seasonal. Most pre-modern calendars are lunisolar. The seasonal calendars rely on changes in the environment (e.g., "wet season", "dry season") rather than lunar or solar observations. The Islamic and some Buddhist calendars are lunar, while most modern calendars are solar, based on either the Julian or the Gregorian calendars. </p><p>Some calendars listed are identical to the Gregorian calendar except for substituting regional month names or using a different <a href="/wiki/Calendar_epoch" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar epoch">calendar epoch</a>. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a> (introduced 1888) is the Gregorian calendar using a different epoch (543 BC) and different names for the Gregorian months (Thai names based on the signs of the zodiac). </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Group</th> <th>Introduction</th> <th>Usage</th> <th>Comments </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew/Jewish Calendar</a></td> <td>lunisolar</td> <td>Canaan/Mesopotamian</td> <td>Circa 3761 BC</td> <td>Western World</td> <td>It is based on lunar months with the intercalation of an additional month every 2 to 3 years to bring the cycle closer to the solar cycle. It is used to determine the dates for Jewish holidays and the appropriate public reading of Torah portions, yahrzeits (dates that commemorate the death of a relative), daily Psalm readings, and many other holidays, festivals and ceremonial uses. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_calendar" title="Egyptian calendar">Egyptian calendar</a></td> <td>fixed (365 days)</td> <td>Egyptian</td> <td>Bronze Age</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a></td> <td>The year is based on the heliacal rising of <a href="/wiki/Sirius" title="Sirius">Sirius</a> (Sothis) and divided into the three seasons of <i><a href="/wiki/Season_of_the_Inundation" title="Season of the Inundation">akhet</a></i> (Inundation), <i><a href="/wiki/Season_of_the_Emergence" title="Season of the Emergence">peret</a></i> (Growth) and <i><a href="/wiki/Shemu" class="mw-redirect" title="Shemu">shemu</a></i> (Harvest). The heliacal rising of Sothis returned to the same point in the calendar every 1,460 years (a period called the <i><a href="/wiki/Sothic_cycle" title="Sothic cycle">Sothic cycle</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Umma_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Umma calendar">Umma calendar</a></td> <td>lunisolar</td> <td>Mesopotamian</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neo-Sumerian" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Sumerian">Bronze Age</a></td> <td>Sumer/Mesopotamia</td> <td>Recorded in Neo-Sumerian records (21st century BC), presumably based on older (<a href="/wiki/Ur_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Ur III">Ur III</a>) sources. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pentecontad_calendar" title="Pentecontad calendar">Pentecontad calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Mesopotamian</td> <td>Bronze Age</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amorites" title="Amorites">Amorites</a></td> <td>A Bronze Age calendar in which the year is divided into seven periods of fifty days, with an annual supplement of fifteen or sixteen days for synchronisation with the solar year. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Four Seasons and Eight Nodes</td> <td>solar</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronze Age China">Bronze Age</a>(?)</td> <td>China</td> <td>The years is divided into four seasons, and each season is divided into a festival and three months. The start and middle of each season is the key node of the year. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gezer_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gezer Calendar">Gezer Calendar</a></td> <td>unknown</td> <td>Mesopotamian</td> <td>1000 BC</td> <td>Israel/Canaan</td> <td>The years are divided into monthly or bi-monthly periods and attributes to each a duty such as harvest, planting, or tending specific crops. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_calendar" title="Roman calendar">Roman calendar</a></td> <td>lunisolar</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_calendar" title="Roman calendar">Roman</a></td> <td>713 BC</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a></td> <td>Based on the reforms introduced by <a href="/wiki/Numa_Pompilius" title="Numa Pompilius">Numa Pompilius</a> in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 713 BC</span>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Six Ancient Calendars</td> <td>lunisolar</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Iron Age</a></td> <td>China</td> <td>Six classical (Zhou era) calendars: Huangdi, Zhuanxu, Xia, Yin, Zhou's calendar and Lu. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nisga%27a#Nisga’a_calendar/life" title="Nisga'a">Nisg̱a'a</a></td> <td>seasonal / lunisolar</td> <td>Indigenous North America</td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nisga%27a" title="Nisga'a">Nisg̱a'a</a></td> <td>The Nisga’a calendar revolves around harvesting of foods and goods used. The original year followed the various moons throughout the year. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a></td> <td>seasonal</td> <td>Indigenous North America</td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a></td> <td>The Inuit calendar is based on between six and eight seasons as solar and lunar timekeeping methods do not work in the polar regions. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Haab%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Haab'">Haab'</a></td> <td>fixed (365 days)</td> <td>Pre-Columbian (<a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar">Maya</a>)</td> <td>1st millennium BC<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td> <td>Maya</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tzolk%27in" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzolk'in">Tzolk'in</a></td> <td>fixed (260 days)</td> <td>Pre-Columbian (<a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar">Maya</a>)</td> <td>1st millennium BC<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td> <td>Maya</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xiuhpohualli" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiuhpohualli">Xiuhpohualli</a></td> <td>fixed (365 days)</td> <td>Pre-Columbian (<a href="/wiki/Aztec_calendar" title="Aztec calendar">Aztec</a>)</td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td> <td>Aztecs</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tonalpohualli" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonalpohualli">Tonalpohualli</a></td> <td>fixed (260 days)</td> <td>Pre-Columbian (<a href="/wiki/Aztec_calendar" title="Aztec calendar">Aztec</a>)</td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td> <td>Aztecs</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Attic_calendar" title="Attic calendar">Attic calendar</a></td> <td>lunisolar (354/384 days)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_calendars" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenic calendars">Hellenic</a></td> <td>6th century BC</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Classical Athens</a></td> <td>The year begins with the new moon after the summer solstice. It was introduced by the astronomer Meton in 432 BC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epistemeacademy.org/calendars/">Reconstructed</a> by Academy of Episteme. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Persian calendar">Old Persian calendar</a></td> <td>lunisolar(?)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian calendar">Iranian</a></td> <td>4th century BC(?)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Persian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Empire">Persian Empire</a></td> <td>Based on earlier Babylonian/Mesopotamian models </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_calendar" title="Ancient Macedonian calendar">Seleucid calendar</a></td> <td>lunisolar</td> <td>Hellenic/Babylonian</td> <td>4th century BC</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></td> <td>Combination of the Babylonian calendar, ancient Macedonian (Hellenic) month names and the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_era" title="Seleucid era">Seleucid era</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genesis Calendar</td> <td>lunisolar</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a></td> <td>China</td> <td>Introduced the "month without <a href="/wiki/Solar_term" title="Solar term">mid-climate</a> is intercalary" rule; based on a solar year of 365<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">385</span>⁄<span class="den">1539</span></span> days and a lunar month of 29<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">43</span>⁄<span class="den">81</span></span> days (19 years=235 months=6939<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">61</span>⁄<span class="den">81</span></span> days). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic calendar">Ptolemaic calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Egyptian</td> <td>238 BC</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic Egypt">Ptolemaic Egypt</a></td> <td>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Canopic_reform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canopic reform (page does not exist)">Canopic reform</a> of 238 BC introduced the <a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">leap year</a> every fourth year later adopted in the Julian calendar. The reform eventually went into effect with the introduction of the "Alexandrian calendar" (or Julian calendar) by Augustus in 26/25 BC, which included a 6th epagomenal day for the first time in 22 BC. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Roman</td> <td>45 BC</td> <td>Western World</td> <td>Revision of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_calendar" title="Roman calendar">Roman Republican calendar</a>, in use in the Roman Empire and the Christian Middle Ages, and remains in use as liturgical calendar of Eastern Orthodox Churches. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_calendar" title="Kurdish calendar">Kurdish calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Kurdish</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region">Kurdistan Region</a></td> <td>is a calendar used in the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Iraqi Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> alongside the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirmanj2014372–373_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirmanj2014372–373-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The First day in this month is called "<a href="/wiki/Newroz" class="mw-redirect" title="Newroz">Newroz</a>" it means "New Day". The start of the calendar is marked by the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nineveh_(612_BC)" title="Battle of Nineveh (612 BC)">Battle of Nineveh</a>, a conquest of the Assyrians by the <a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Medes</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonians</a> in 612 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirmanj2014367–384_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirmanj2014367–384-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHirschler2001145–166_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHirschler2001145–166-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElis2004193_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElis2004193-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunter2009148_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunter2009148-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Egyptian</td> <td>1st century<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church" title="Coptic Orthodox Church">Coptic Orthodox Church</a></td> <td>Based on both the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic calendar">Ptolemaic calendar</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez calendar">Ge'ez calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Ethiopian</td> <td>1st century<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td> <td>Ethiopia, Ethiopian Christians, Eritrea, Eritrean Christians</td> <td>the calendar associated with Ethiopian and Eritrean Churchs, based on the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Julian</td> <td>In Roman times</td> <td>North Africa</td> <td>Julian calendar used for agricultural work. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Qumran_calendrical_texts" title="Qumran calendrical texts">Qumran calendrical texts</a></td> <td>fixed (364 days)</td> <td>—</td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1st century</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_Judaism" title="Second Temple Judaism">Second Temple Judaism</a></td> <td>Description of a division of the year into 364 days, also mentioned in the pseudepigraphical <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">Book of Enoch</a> (the "<a href="/wiki/Enoch_calendar" title="Enoch calendar">Enoch calendar</a>"). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coligny_calendar" title="Coligny calendar">Coligny calendar</a></td> <td>lunisolar</td> <td>Gauls/Celts</td> <td>Iron Age</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Gauls/Celts</a></td> <td>Early calendar used by Celtic peoples prior to the introduction of the Julian calendar, on a bronze plaque c. AD 200 but likely some centuries older. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_calendar" title="Zoroastrian calendar">Zoroastrian calendar</a></td> <td>fixed (365 days)</td> <td>Iranian</td> <td>3rd century</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sassanid_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid Persia">Sassanid Persia</a></td> <td>Based on both the Old Persian and Seleucid (Hellenic) calendars. Introduced in AD 226, reformed in AD 272, and again several times in the 5th to 7th centuries. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chinese Calendar, Dàmíng origin</td> <td>lunisolar</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a></td> <td>510<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td> <td>China</td> <td>Created by <a href="/wiki/Zu_Chongzhi" title="Zu Chongzhi">Zu Chongzhi</a>, most accurate calendar in the world at its invention<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a> </td> <td>lunisolar </td> <td>Chinese-derived </td> <td>6th century </td> <td>Korea </td> <td>Introduced from China, went through Korea to Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td> <td>lunisolar</td> <td>Chinese-derived</td> <td>6th century<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td> <td>Japan</td> <td>Umbrella term for calendars historically and currently used in Japan, in the 6th century derived from the Chinese calendar.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chinese Calendar, Wùyín origin</td> <td>lunisolar</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a></td> <td>619</td> <td>China</td> <td>First Chinese calendar to use the true moon motion </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a> (Lunar Hijri calendar)</td> <td>lunar</td> <td>Muslim</td> <td>632</td> <td>Islam</td> <td>Based on the observational lunisolar calendars used in <a href="/wiki/Pre-Islamic_Arabia" title="Pre-Islamic Arabia">Pre-Islamic Arabia</a>. Remains in use for religious purposes in most of the Islamic world. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Pyu calendar</a></td> <td>lunisolar</td> <td>Hindu/Buddhist-derived</td> <td>640<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (June 2015)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:List_of_calendars#Dubious" title="Talk:List of calendars">discuss</a></i>]</sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">mainland Southeast Asia</a></td> <td>Traditional calendar of Southeast Asia, in use until the 19th century. Traditionally said to originate in 640 (the calendar era) in <a href="/wiki/Sri_Ksetra_Kingdom" title="Sri Ksetra Kingdom">Sri Ksetra Kingdom</a>, one of the Burmese <a href="/wiki/Pyu_city-states" title="Pyu city-states">Pyu city-states</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Julian</td> <td>988</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</a></td> <td>Julian calendar with <i><a href="/wiki/Anno_Mundi" title="Anno Mundi">Anno Mundi</a></i> era in use c. 691 to 1728. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td> <td>fixed (365 days)</td> <td>Iranian</td> <td>medieval<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Armenia" title="Medieval Armenia">medieval Armenia</a></td> <td>Calendar used in medieval Armenia and as liturgical calendar of the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Apostolic_Church" title="Armenian Apostolic Church">Armenian Apostolic Church</a>. Derived from the Zoroastrian (or related medieval Iranian calendars such as the Sogdian/Choresmian ones<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). It uses the era AD 552. In modern Armenian nationalism, an alternative era of 2492 BC is sometimes used. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgar_calendar" title="Bulgar calendar">Bulgar calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Bulgarian</td> <td>Bronze Age</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Volga_Bulgaria" title="Volga Bulgaria">Volga Bulgaria</a></td> <td>A reconstruction based on a short 15th-century transcript in <a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic" title="Church Slavonic">Church Slavonic</a> called <a href="/wiki/Nominalia_of_the_Bulgarian_Khans" title="Nominalia of the Bulgarian Khans">Nominalia of the Bulgarian Khans</a>, which contains 10 pairs of calendar terms. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Florentine_calendar" title="Florentine calendar">Florentine calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Julian</td> <td>Medieval</td> <td>Republic of Florence</td> <td>Variant of the Julian calendar in use in medieval Florence </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pisan_calendar" title="Pisan calendar">Pisan calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Julian</td> <td>Medieval</td> <td>Republic of Pisa</td> <td>Variant of the Julian calendar in use in medieval Pisa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamil_calendar" title="Tamil calendar">Tamil calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Hindu</td> <td>Ancient</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendar</a> used in Tamil Nadu </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_calendar" title="Malayalam calendar">Kollam Era</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sidereal_time" title="Sidereal time">sidereal</a> solar</td> <td>Hindu</td> <td>825</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></td> <td>It is believed that the era was started by the Syrian Christian saints <a href="/wiki/Mar_Sabor_and_Mar_Proth" title="Mar Sabor and Mar Proth">Mar Sabor and Mar Proth</a> who arrived in <a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a> in the 9th century CE. This event is recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Quilon_Syrian_copper_plates" title="Quilon Syrian copper plates">Kollam Tarisappalli copper plates</a> issued to them.<sup id="cite_ref-ASurveyOfKeralaHistory-104_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASurveyOfKeralaHistory-104-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The news of the physical disappearance of Sri <a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankaracharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Adi Shankaracharya">Adi Shankaracharya</a> in 820 CE at <a href="/wiki/Kedarnath" title="Kedarnath">Kedarnath</a> reached the Malabar coast only a few years later. It is believed that Kerala began the Malayalam era in 825 CE in his memory.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Gundert" title="Hermann Gundert">Hermann Gundert</a>, Kollam era started as part of erecting a new Shiva Temple in Kollam and because of the strictly local and religious background, the other regions did not follow this system at first. Once Kollam port emerged as an important trade center, however, the other principalities also started following the new system of calendar. This theory backs the remarks of <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a> as well.<sup id="cite_ref-ASurveyOfKeralaHistory-104_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASurveyOfKeralaHistory-104-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kerala.gov.in-ക_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kerala.gov.in-ക-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kollam era may also be attributed to the legend of <a href="/wiki/Parashurama" title="Parashurama">Paraśurāma</a>, an incarnation of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>. It is sometimes divided into cycles of 1,000 years reckoned from 1176 BCE. Thus, 825 CE would have been the first year of the era's third millennium.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Nepali calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Hindu/ Buddhist</td> <td>Medieval</td> <td>Nepal</td> <td>One of the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Sambat" title="Nepal Sambat">Nepal Sambat</a></td> <td>lunisolar</td> <td>Buddhist/ Hindu</td> <td>9th century</td> <td>Nepal</td> <td>A lunisolar <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a> traditional to Nepal, recognition in Nepal in 2008. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td> <td>lunisolar</td> <td>Bengali</td> <td>Medieval</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a></td> <td>Revised in 1987. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thai_lunar_calendar" title="Thai lunar calendar">Thai lunar calendar</a></td> <td>lunisolar</td> <td>Hindu/Buddhist</td> <td>Medieval</td> <td>Thailand</td> <td>A <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pawukon_calendar" title="Pawukon calendar">Pawukon calendar</a></td> <td>fixed (210 days)</td> <td>Hindu</td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td> <td>Bali</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_calendar#Icelandic_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Icelandic calendar">Old Icelandic calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td></td> <td>10th century</td> <td>medieval Iceland</td> <td>Partly inspired by the Julian calendar and partly by older Germanic calendar traditions. <a href="/wiki/Leap_week_calendar" title="Leap week calendar">Leap week calendar</a> based on a year of 364 days. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_calendar" title="Vietnamese calendar">Vietnamese calendar</a></td> <td>lunisolar</td> <td>Chinese-derived</td> <td>10th century</td> <td>Vietnam</td> <td>After Vietnam regained independence following the <a href="/wiki/Third_Chinese_domination_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Chinese domination of Vietnam">third Chinese domination of Vietnam</a>, the following dynasties established their own calendars based on Chinese prototypes, and every subsequent dynasty had appointed officers to man and create the calendar to be used in the realm. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jalali_calendar" title="Jalali calendar">Jalali calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Iranian</td> <td>1079</td> <td>Seljuk Sultanate</td> <td>A calendar reform commissioned by Sultan <a href="/wiki/Jalal_al-Din_Malik_Shah_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalal al-Din Malik Shah I">Jalal al-Din Malik Shah I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td> <td>lunisolar</td> <td>Babylonian/Seleucid-derived</td> <td>11th/12th century</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></td> <td>Recorded by <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a></i>, resulting from various reforms and traditions developing since Late Antiquity. The <i><a href="/wiki/Anno_Mundi" title="Anno Mundi">Anno Mundi</a></i> era gradually replaced the Seleucid era in Rabbinical literature in the 11th century. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td> <td>lunisolar</td> <td>Buddhist/Chinese-derived</td> <td>13th century</td> <td>Tibet</td> <td>The Kalacakra, a <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a> introduced in 13th-century Tibet </td></tr> <tr> <td>Seasonal Instruction</td> <td>solar</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a></td> <td>1281</td> <td>China</td> <td>Based on a solar year of 365.2425 (equal to the Gregorian year) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Runic_calendar" title="Runic calendar">Runic calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Julian</td> <td>13th century</td> <td>Sweden</td> <td>A written representation of the <a href="/wiki/Metonic_cycle" title="Metonic cycle">Metonic cycle</a> used in medieval and early modern Sweden, allowing to calculate the dates of the full moons relative to the Julian date. The introduction of the Gregorian calendar in Sweden in 1753 rendered the runic calendars unusable. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Six Imperial Calendars (ß)</td> <td>solar</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>In use 1368-1644 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire#Arts_and_technology" title="Inca Empire">Incan calendar</a></td> <td>lunisolar</td> <td>Pre-Columbian</td> <td>15th century</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca Empire</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Muisca_calendar" title="Muisca calendar">Muisca calendar</a></td> <td>lunisolar</td> <td>Pre-Columbian</td> <td>15th century</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muisca_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Muisca people">Muisca</a></td> <td>Complex lunisolar calendar with three different years, composed of months divided into thirty days. After the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Chibchan_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish conquest of the Chibchan Nations">Spanish conquest</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Muisca_Confederation" title="Muisca Confederation">Muisca Confederation</a> in present-day central <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> in <a href="/wiki/1537" title="1537">1537</a> first replaced by the European <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian</a> and as of 1582 the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chula_Sakarat" title="Chula Sakarat">Chula Sakarat</a></td> <td>lunisolar</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese</a></td> <td>16th century</td> <td>Southeast Asia</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Julian-derived</td> <td>1582</td> <td>worldwide</td> <td>Introduced as a reform of the Julian calendar in the Roman Catholic church, since the 20th century in <i>de facto</i> use worldwide. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td> <td>lunar</td> <td>Islamic influenced</td> <td>1633</td> <td>Java</td> <td>Based on the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendar</a> using the <a href="/wiki/Saka_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Saka era">Saka era</a> (78 CE), but changed by <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Agung_of_Mataram" title="Sultan Agung of Mataram">Sultan Agung of Mataram</a> its method of counting of years from solar years to lunar years as per the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Seasonal Constitution</td> <td>solar</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a></td> <td>1645</td> <td>China</td> <td>First Chinese Calendar to use the true motion of the sun. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_calendar" title="Swedish calendar">Swedish calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Julian-derived</td> <td>1700</td> <td>Sweden</td> <td>Part of the controversy surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Adoption_of_the_Gregorian_calendar" title="Adoption of the Gregorian calendar">adoption of the Gregorian calendar</a>, in use 1700–1712. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_year_numbering" title="Astronomical year numbering">Astronomical year numbering</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Julian-derived</td> <td>1740</td> <td>Astronomy</td> <td>A mixture of Julian and Gregorian calendar, giving dates before 1582 in the Julian calendar, and dates after 1582 in the Gregorian calendar, counting 1 BC as <a href="/wiki/0_(year)" class="mw-redirect" title="0 (year)">year zero</a>, and negative year numbers for 2 BC and earlier. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Republican_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="French Republican Calendar">French Republican Calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Gregorian</td> <td>1793</td> <td>First French Republic</td> <td>In use in revolutionary France 1793 to 1805. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Jones_(professor)#Georgian_Calendar_(Pancronometer)" title="Hugh Jones (professor)">Pancronometer</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Gregorian</td> <td>1745</td> <td>—</td> <td>Universal Georgian Calendar proposed by <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Jones_(professor)" title="Hugh Jones (professor)">Hugh Jones</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rumi_calendar" title="Rumi calendar">Rumi calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Julian</td> <td>1839</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></td> <td>Julian calendar using the Hijri era introduced in the Ottoman Empire. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Positivist_calendar" title="Positivist calendar">Positivist calendar</a></td> <td>Solar</td> <td>Gregorian</td> <td>1849</td> <td>—</td> <td>Solar calendar with 13 months of 28 days. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bad%C3%AD%E2%80%98_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Badí‘ calendar">Badí‘ calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí</a></td> <td>1873</td> <td>Baháʼí</td> <td>Uses a year of 19 months of 19 days each and a 1844 era. Also known as the "Baháʼí Calendar" or the "Wondrous Calendar". </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Gregorian</td> <td>1888</td> <td>Thailand</td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> but using the <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist Era">Buddhist Era</a> (543 BC) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Invariable_Calendar" title="Invariable Calendar">Invariable Calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Gregorian</td> <td>1900</td> <td>—</td> <td>Gregorian calendar with four 91-day quarters of 13 weeks </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Fixed_Calendar" title="International Fixed Calendar">International Fixed Calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Gregorian</td> <td>1902</td> <td>—</td> <td>A "perpetual calendar" with a year of 13 months of 28 days each. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Gregorian</td> <td>1912</td> <td>Republic of China</td> <td>Months and days use the Gregorian calendar, introduced in China in 1912. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Revised_Julian_calendar" title="Revised Julian calendar">Revised Julian calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Julian-derived</td> <td>1923</td> <td>some Orthodox churches</td> <td>currently synchronized with the Gregorian calendar, but different leap rule and cycle (900 years), also called <i>Meletian calendar</i> or <i>Milanković calendar</i>, after <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbian</a> scientist <a href="/wiki/Milutin_Milankovi%C4%87" title="Milutin Milanković">Milutin Milanković</a> who developed it. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_calendar" title="Solar Hijri calendar">Solar Hijri calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Iranian/Islamic</td> <td>1925</td> <td>Iran, Afghanistan</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">New Year</a> is the day of the astronomical <a href="/wiki/March_equinox" title="March equinox">vernal equinox</a>. The calendar as introduced in 1925 revived Iranian month names but counted the years of the <a href="/wiki/Anno_Hegirae" class="mw-redirect" title="Anno Hegirae">Hijri era</a>. The era was changed in 1976 to 559 BC (reign of <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus the Great</a>), but was reverted to the Hijri era after the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Era_Fascista" title="Era Fascista">Era Fascista</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Gregorian</td> <td>1926</td> <td>Italy</td> <td>Epoch is 29 October 1922; in use from 1926–1943 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Soviet_calendar" title="Soviet calendar">Soviet calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Gregorian</td> <td>1929</td> <td>Soviet Union</td> <td>Gregorian calendar with 5- and 6-day weeks, used during 1929 to 1940. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Calendar" title="World Calendar">World Calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Gregorian</td> <td>1930</td> <td>—</td> <td>Perpetual calendar with 1–2 off-week days, preferred and almost adopted by the United Nations in 1950s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pax_Calendar" title="Pax Calendar">Pax Calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Gregorian</td> <td>1930</td> <td>—</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leap_week_calendar" title="Leap week calendar">Leap week calendar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%27Pataphysics#Pataphysical_calendar" title="'Pataphysics">Pataphysical calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Gregorian</td> <td>1949</td> <td>—</td> <td>Absurdist variant of the Gregorian calendar by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jarry" title="Alfred Jarry">Alfred Jarry</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Indian national calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Gregorian-derived</td> <td>1957</td> <td>Republic of India</td> <td>Gregorian calendar with months based in traditional <a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a> and numbering years based on the <a href="/wiki/Saka_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Saka era">Saka era</a> (AD 78). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Babylonian</td> <td>1950s</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assyrianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrianism">Assyrianism</a></td> <td>Solar calendar with an "Assyrian era" of 4750 BC, introduced in Assyrian nationalism in the 1950s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Gregorian</td> <td>1963</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Discordianism" title="Discordianism">Discordianism</a></td> <td>Calendar invented in the context of the <a href="/wiki/Absurdist_fiction" title="Absurdist fiction">absurdist</a> or <a href="/wiki/Parody_religion" title="Parody religion">parody religion</a> of Discordianism, Gregorian calendar variant with a year consisting of five 73-day seasons. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Season_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="World Season Calendar">World Season Calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Gregorian</td> <td>1973</td> <td>—</td> <td>Divides the year into four seasons. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dreamspell" title="Dreamspell">Dreamspell</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Mayan</td> <td>1990</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Esotericism" class="mw-redirect" title="Esotericism">esotericism</a></td> <td>13 months of 28 days each, synchronized with the Maya 260-day Tzolkin, calibrated to the Chilam Balam timing systems </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tranquility Calendar</td> <td>solar</td> <td>Gregorian</td> <td>1989</td> <td>—</td> <td>Modification of the <a href="/wiki/International_Fixed_Calendar" title="International Fixed Calendar">International Fixed Calendar</a>, starting with <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> <a href="/wiki/Moon_landing" title="Moon landing">Moon landing</a> on 20 July 1969<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Gregorian</td> <td>1993</td> <td>—</td> <td>The Gregorian calendar with the era shifted by 10,000 years. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="North Korean calendar">Juche era calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Gregorian</td> <td>1997</td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></td> <td>Gregorian calendar with the era 1912 (birth of Kim Il-sung) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Sikh</td> <td>1789</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> religion, <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></td> <td>Sikh Calendar numbering years based on the era 1469 (birth of Guru Nanak) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Symmetry454" title="Symmetry454">Symmetry454</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Gregorian</td> <td>2004</td> <td>—</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leap_week_calendar" title="Leap week calendar">Leap week calendar</a> with 4:5:4 weeks per month </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hanke%E2%80%93Henry_Permanent_Calendar" title="Hanke–Henry Permanent Calendar">Hanke–Henry Permanent Calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Gregorian</td> <td>2004</td> <td>—</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leap_week_calendar" title="Leap week calendar">Leap week calendar</a> with 30:30:31 days per month, revised in 2011 and 2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td> <td>solar</td> <td>Indigenous West African</td> <td>2009</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_people" title="Igbo people">Igbo people</a></td> <td>Proposal<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> based in Igbo tradition dating back to 13th century, 13 lunar months of 28 days divided into seven 4-day periods, plus leap days. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vira_Nirvana_Samvat" title="Vira Nirvana Samvat">Vira Nirvana Samvat</a></td> <td>Lunisolar</td> <td>Hindu</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ancient_india" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient india">Ancient India</a></td> <td>India/Nepal</td> <td>The Vira Nirvana Samvat (era) is a <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendar era</a> beginning on 7 October 527 BCE. It commemorates the Nirvana of Lord Mahaviraswami, the 24th Jain Tirthankara. This is one of the oldest system of chronological reckoning which is still used in India. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variant_month_names">Variant month names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_calendars&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Variant month names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Regional or historical names for lunations or Julian/Gregorian months </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Tradition</th> <th>culture</th> <th>comments </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Germanic_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic calendar">Germanic calendar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic</a></td> <td>Medieval records of Germanic names of lunar months later equated with the Julian months. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Berber_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber people">Berber</a></td> <td>reconstructed medieval Berber-language names of the Julian months used in pre-Islamic (Roman era) North Africa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_calendar" title="Lithuanian calendar">Lithuanian calendar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></td> <td>Lithuanian names for the Gregorian months and days of the week, officially recognized in 1918. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_calendar" title="Rapa Nui calendar">Rapa Nui calendar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Easter_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Islands">Easter Islands</a></td> <td>Thirteen names of lunar months recorded in the 19th century. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_calendar" title="Xhosa calendar">Xhosa calendar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_people" title="Xhosa people">Xhosa people</a></td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2015)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2002_renaming_of_Turkmen_months_and_days_of_week" title="2002 renaming of Turkmen months and days of week">Turkmen</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></td> <td>Turkmen names officially adopted in 2002 following <i><a href="/wiki/Ruhnama" title="Ruhnama">Ruhnama</a></i> by president-for-life <a href="/wiki/Saparmurat_Niyazov" title="Saparmurat Niyazov">Saparmurat Niyazov</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_calendars" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenic calendars">Hellenic calendars</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Greece" title="Hellenistic Greece">Hellenistic Greece</a></td> <td>A great variety of regional month names in Ancient Greece, mostly attested in the 2nd century BC. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Slavic_calendar" title="Slavic calendar">Slavic calendar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Slavic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic people">Slavic</a></td> <td>Local month names in various Slavic countries, based on weather patterns and conditions, and agricultural activities that take place in each respective month. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Romanian_calendar" title="Romanian calendar">Romanian calendar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></td> <td>Traditional names for the twelve months of the Gregorian calendar, which are usually used by the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church" title="Romanian Orthodox Church">Romanian Orthodox Church</a>. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-standard_weeks">Non-standard weeks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_calendars&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Non-standard weeks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Week" title="Week">Week</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eight-day_week" title="Eight-day week">Eight-day week</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Tradition</th> <th>week length</th> <th>comments </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pawukon_calendar" title="Pawukon calendar">Bali</a></td> <td>various</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo</a></td> <td>4 days</td> <td>The traditional Igbo week consists of four market days: <i>eke</i>, <i>orie</i>, <i>afor</i>, and <i>nkwo</i>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_calendar" title="Yoruba calendar">Yoruba</a></td> <td>4 days</td> <td>Traditional Yoruba calendar </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korea</a></td> <td>5 days</td> <td>For traditional markets in Korea, for example, the market is open every five days. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Java</a> - (Pasaran)</td> <td>5 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian</a></td> <td>5 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Akan_calendar" title="Akan calendar">Akan</a></td> <td>6 days</td> <td>A traditional "six-day week" which combined with the Gregorian seven-day week gave rise to a 42-day cycle. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Roman_calendar#Nundinal_cycle" title="Roman calendar">Ancient Rome</a></td> <td>8 days</td> <td>The Roman nundinal cycle. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_zodiac#Weekdays" title="Burmese zodiac">Burmese</a></td> <td>8 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Celtic_calendar" title="Celtic calendar">Celtic</a></td> <td>8 days</td> <td>reconstructed.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-urlTheWelsh_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlTheWelsh-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_calendar" title="Lithuanian calendar">Baltic</a></td> <td>9 days</td> <td>Linguistic reconstruction<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>; the <a href="/wiki/Gediminas" title="Gediminas">Gediminas</a> Sceptre indicated that a week lasted for nine days during King Gediminas' reign. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ten-day_week" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese ten-day week">Chinese</a></td> <td>10 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Calendar">Egyptian Calendar</a></td> <td>10 days</td> <td>The 10-day period was known as <a href="/wiki/Decans" class="mw-redirect" title="Decans">decans</a> or decades </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Republican_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="French Republican Calendar">French Republican Calendar</a></td> <td>10 days</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aztec_calendar" title="Aztec calendar">Aztecs</a></td> <td>13 days</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trecena" title="Trecena">Trecena</a>, division of the <a href="/wiki/Tonalpohualli" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonalpohualli">Tonalpohualli</a> 260-day period </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Calendaring_and_timekeeping_standards">Calendaring and timekeeping standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_calendars&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Calendaring and timekeeping standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">Coordinated Universal Time</a>, adopted 1960 and since 1972 including a system of observation-based <a href="/wiki/Leap_second" title="Leap second">leap seconds</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8601" title="ISO 8601">ISO 8601</a>, standard based on the Gregorian calendar, Coordinated Universal Time and <a href="/wiki/ISO_week_date" title="ISO week date">ISO week date</a>, a leap week calendar system used with the Gregorian calendar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">Fiscal year</a> varies with different countries. Used in accounting only.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/360-day_calendar" title="360-day calendar">360-day calendar</a> used for accounting</li> <li><a href="/wiki/365-day_calendar" title="365-day calendar">365-day calendar</a> used for accounting</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix_time" title="Unix time">Unix time</a>, number of seconds elapsed since 1 January 1970, 00:00:00 (UTC).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_day" title="Julian day">Julian day</a>, number of days elapsed since 1 January 4713 BC, 12:00:00 (UTC).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliocentric_Julian_Date" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliocentric Julian Date">Heliocentric Julian Date</a>, Julian day corrected for differences in the Earth's position with respect to the Sun.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barycentric_Julian_Date" title="Barycentric Julian Date">Barycentric Julian Date</a>, Julian day corrected for differences in the Earth's position with respect to the barycentre of the Solar System.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilian_date" title="Lilian date">Lilian date</a>, number of days elapsed since the beginning of the Gregorian Calendar on 15 October 1582.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rata_Die" title="Rata Die">Rata Die</a>, number of days elapsed since 1 January 1 <a href="/wiki/AD" class="mw-redirect" title="AD">AD</a> 1 in the proleptic <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-Earth_or_fictional">Non-Earth or fictional</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_calendars&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Non-Earth or fictional"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darian_calendar" title="Darian calendar">Darian calendar</a> (proposed for Mars, not used in planetary science)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discworld_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Discworld calendar">Discworld calendar</a> (fictional)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle-earth calendar">Middle-earth calendars</a> (fictional)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardate" title="Stardate">Stardates</a> (from <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a>, fictional)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_calendars&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_calendars" title="History of calendars">History of calendars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoch" title="Epoch">Epoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horology" class="mw-redirect" title="Horology">Horology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_calendar" title="Perpetual calendar">Perpetual calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advent_calendar" title="Advent calendar">Advent calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall calendar">Wall calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geologic_Calendar" title="Geologic Calendar">Geologic Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Calendar" title="Cosmic Calendar">Cosmic Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">Lunar calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="World calendar">World calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_adoption_dates_of_the_Gregorian_calendar_by_country" title="List of adoption dates of the Gregorian calendar by country">List of adoption dates of the Gregorian calendar by country</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_calendars&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parker, Richard A., "The Calendars of Ancient Egypt", <i>Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization</i>, 26. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1950.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirmanj2014372–373-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirmanj2014372–373_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKirmanj2014">Kirmanj 2014</a>, pp. 372–373.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirmanj2014367–384-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirmanj2014367–384_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKirmanj2014">Kirmanj 2014</a>, pp. 367–384.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHirschler2001145–166-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHirschler2001145–166_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHirschler2001">Hirschler 2001</a>, pp. 145–166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElis2004193-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElis2004193_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElis2004">Elis 2004</a>, p. 193.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGunter2009148-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGunter2009148_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGunter2009">Gunter 2009</a>, p. 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREF이" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">이, 은성, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encykorea.aks.ac.kr/Article/E0036603">"역법 (曆法)"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Korean_Culture" title="Encyclopedia of Korean 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href="#cite_ref-ASurveyOfKeralaHistory-104_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ASurveyOfKeralaHistory-104_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._Sreedhara_Menon2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/A._Sreedhara_Menon" title="A. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=CHAPTER+VIII+-+THE+KOLLAM+ERA&rft.btitle=A+Survey+Of+Kerala+History&rft.pages=104-110&rft.pub=DC+Books%2C+Kottayam&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-81-264-1578-6&rft.au=A.+Sreedhara+Menon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFVsw35oEBv4C%26q%3DNestorian%2Bkollam%2Bera%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+calendars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kerala.gov.in/statistical/panchayat_statistics2001/klm_shis.htm">Kerala government website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071121073245/http://www.kerala.gov.in/statistical/panchayat_statistics2001/klm_shis.htm">Archived</a> 2007-11-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the Travancore State Manual, Ch:XIII, pages 49-50, by Sri. 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DVD.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Archived at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/HaYfoghV-n8">Ghostarchive</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120428125734/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HaYfoghV-n8&gl=US&hl=en">Wayback Machine</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFsharadapeetham2012" class="citation web cs1">sharadapeetham (25 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HaYfoghV-n8">"Kalady: The Triumph of Faith Over Time (Rediscovery of Sri Adi Shankaracharya's Birth Place)"</a> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kalady%3A+The+Triumph+of+Faith+Over+Time+%28Rediscovery+of+Sri+Adi+Shankaracharya%27s+Birth+Place%29&rft.date=2012-04-25&rft.au=sharadapeetham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DHaYfoghV-n8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+calendars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">K. V. Sarma, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol31_1_6_KVSarma.pdf">Kollam Era</a>, Indian Journal of History of Science, 31(1), 1996, pp. 93-100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kerala.gov.in-ക-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kerala.gov.in-ക_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071121073245/http://www.kerala.gov.in/statistical/panchayat_statistics2001/klm_shis.htm">"Kollam - Short History"</a>. <i>Statistical Data</i>. kerala.gov.in. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kerala.gov.in/statistical/panchayat_statistics2001/klm_shis.htm">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Short History)</span> on 2007-11-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistical+Data&rft.atitle=Kollam+-+Short+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kerala.gov.in%2Fstatistical%2Fpanchayat_statistics2001%2Fklm_shis.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+calendars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/chronology#ref523199">"Chronology"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chronology&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fchronology%23ref523199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+calendars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orionsarm.com/eg-article/48c6d4c3d54cf">"Tranquility Calendar, the"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tranquility+Calendar%2C+the&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.orionsarm.com%2Feg-article%2F48c6d4c3d54cf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+calendars" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Angelicus M. 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Onasanya, <i>The Urgency of Now!: Building a True Nigerian Nation</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhys_(1840–1915)1892" class="citation book cs1">Rhys (1840–1915), Sir John (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lecturesonorigin00rhys"><i>Lectures on the Origin and Growth of Religion as Illustrated by Celtic Heathendom</i></a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lecturesonorigin00rhys/page/360">360</a>–382.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lectures+on+the+Origin+and+Growth+of+Religion+as+Illustrated+by+Celtic+Heathendom&rft.pages=360-382&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=Rhys+%281840%E2%80%931915%29&rft.aufirst=Sir+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flecturesonorigin00rhys&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+calendars" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urlTheWelsh-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urlTheWelsh_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhysBrynmor-Jones1900" class="citation book cs1">Rhys, Sir John; Brynmor-Jones, David (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MFw1AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA220"><i>The Welsh people: chapters on their origin, history, laws, language ... – Sir John Rhys, Sir David Brynmor Jones – Google Books</i></a>. p. 220<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"The Kurdish demand for statehood and the future of Iraq". <i>The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies</i>. <b>29</b> (2): 145–166.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Social%2C+Political%2C+and+Economic+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Kurdish+demand+for+statehood+and+the+future+of+Iraq&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=145-166&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Elis&rft.aufirst=Hadi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+calendars" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunter2009" class="citation book cs1">Gunter, Michael M. (2009). <i>The A to Z of the Kurds</i>. 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"Kurdish History Textbooks: Building a Nation-State within a Nation-State". <i>The Middle East Journal</i>. <b>68</b> (3): 367–384. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3751%2F68.3.12">10.3751/68.3.12</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-3141">0026-3141</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144636394">144636394</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Middle+East+Journal&rft.atitle=Kurdish+History+Textbooks%3A+Building+a+Nation-State+within+a+Nation-State&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=367-384&rft.date=2014-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144636394%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0026-3141&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3751%2F68.3.12&rft.aulast=Kirmanj&rft.aufirst=Sherko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+calendars" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Calendars" title="Template:Calendars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Calendars" title="Template talk:Calendars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Calendars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Calendars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Calendars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Calendar" title="Calendar">Calendars</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">Lunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar" title="Lunisolar calendar">Lunisolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_calendar" title="Solar calendar">Solar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In wide use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_year_numbering" title="Astronomical year numbering">Astronomical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Lunar Hijri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Hijri_calendar" title="Solar Hijri calendar">Solar Hijri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_week_date" title="ISO week date">ISO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unix_time" title="Unix time">Unix time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">In more<br />limited use</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akan_calendar" title="Akan calendar">Akan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_calendar" title="Assamese calendar">Assamese (Bhāshkarābda)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí</a> <ul><li>Badí‘</li></ul></li> <li>Bali <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pawukon_calendar" title="Pawukon calendar">Pawukon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Saka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendars" title="Bengali calendars">Bengali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladeshi calendar">Bangladeshi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borana_calendar" title="Borana calendar">Borana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earthly_Branches" title="Earthly Branches">Earthly Branches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Stems" title="Heavenly Stems">Heavenly Stems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_calendar" title="Republic of China calendar">Minguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_term" title="Solar term">Solar term</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathen_holidays" title="Heathen holidays">Germanic heathen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_calendar" title="Georgian calendar">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Saka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_calendar" title="Hmong calendar">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalali_calendar" title="Jalali calendar">Jalali</a> <ul><li>medieval</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian_calendar" title="Zoroastrian calendar">Zoroastrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_calendar" title="Irish calendar">Irish</a> <ul><li>Gaelic</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fasli_calendar" title="Fasli calendar">Fasli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabular_Islamic_calendar" title="Tabular Islamic calendar">Tabular</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vira_Nirvana_Samvat" title="Vira Nirvana Samvat">Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juche_calendar" title="Juche calendar">Juche</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_calendar" title="Kurdish calendar">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_calendar" title="Lithuanian calendar">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirhuta_Panchang" title="Tirhuta Panchang">Maithili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_calendar" title="Malayalam calendar">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaean_calendar" title="Mandaean calendar">Mandaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_calendar" title="Meitei calendar">Manipuri (Meitei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanau_calendar" title="Melanau calendar">Melanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_calendar" title="Mongolian calendar">Mongolian</a></li> <li>Nepal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Sambat" title="Nepal Sambat">Nepal Sambat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yele_Sambat" title="Yele Sambat">Yele Sambat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisga%27a#Nisga’a_calendar/life" title="Nisga'a">Nisg̱a'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_calendar" title="Odia calendar">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_calendar" title="Punjabi calendar">Punjabi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_calendar" title="Romanian calendar">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shona_calendar" title="Shona calendar">Shona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_calendar" title="Somali calendar">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotho_calendar" title="Sotho calendar">Sesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_calendar" title="Slavic calendar">Slavic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith%27s_calendars_and_holidays" title="Slavic Native Faith's calendars and holidays">Slavic Native Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_months" title="Macedonian months">Macedonian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_calendar" title="Tamil calendar">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_calendar" title="Thai calendar">Thai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_lunar_calendar" title="Thai lunar calendar">lunar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">solar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_calendar" title="Tripuri calendar">Tripuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulu_calendar" title="Tulu calendar">Tulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_calendar" title="Vietnamese calendar">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_the_Year" title="Wheel of the Year">Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_calendar" title="Xhosa calendar">Xhosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_calendar" title="Yoruba calendar">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_calendar" title="Zulu calendar">Zulu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Runic_calendar" title="Runic calendar">Runic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_calendars" title="Mesoamerican calendars">Mesoamerican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_Long_Count_calendar" title="Mesoamerican Long Count calendar">Long Count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_round" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar round">Calendar round</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Christian variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian and Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revised_Julian_calendar" title="Revised Julian calendar">Revised</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year" title="Liturgical year">Liturgical year</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_liturgical_calendar" title="Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar">Eastern Orthodox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Saints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Islamic_Arabian_calendar" title="Pre-Islamic Arabian calendar">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_calendar" title="Attic calendar">Attic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_calendar" title="Aztec calendar">Aztec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dnalp%C5%8Dhualli" title="Tōnalpōhualli">Tōnalpōhualli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiuhp%C5%8Dhualli" title="Xiuhpōhualli">Xiuhpōhualli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_calendar" title="Babylonian calendar">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgar_calendar" title="Bulgar calendar">Bulgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_calendar" title="Cappadocian calendar">Cappadocian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_calendar" title="Celtic calendar">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_calendar" title="Cham calendar">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chula_Sakarat" title="Chula Sakarat">Culāsakaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coligny_calendar" title="Coligny calendar">Coligny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_calendar" title="Egyptian calendar">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_calendar" title="Enoch calendar">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_calendar" title="Florentine calendar">Florentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Republican_calendar" title="French Republican calendar">French Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic calendar">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_calendars" title="Ancient Greek calendars">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Inca calendar">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonian_calendar" title="Ancient Macedonian calendar">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_calendar" title="Maya calendar">Maya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haab%CA%BC" title="Haabʼ">Haabʼ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzolk%CA%BCin" title="Tzolkʼin">Tzolkʼin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_calendar" title="Muisca calendar">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecontad_calendar" title="Pentecontad calendar">Pentecontad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisan_calendar" title="Pisan calendar">Pisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qumran_calendrical_texts" title="Qumran calendrical texts">Qumran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_calendar" title="Rapa Nui calendar">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_calendar" title="Roman calendar">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumi_calendar" title="Rumi calendar"><i>Rumi</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">Sexagenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_calendar" title="Soviet calendar">Soviet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_calendar" title="Swedish calendar">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_renaming_of_Turkmen_months_and_days_of_week" title="2002 renaming of Turkmen months and days of week">Turkmen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By specialty</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene</a> <ul><li>anthropological</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Gregorian_calendar" title="Proleptic Gregorian calendar">Proleptic Gregorian</a> / <a href="/wiki/Proleptic_Julian_calendar" title="Proleptic Julian calendar">Proleptic Julian</a> <ul><li>historiographical</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darian_calendar" title="Darian calendar">Darian</a> <ul><li>Martian</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreamspell" title="Dreamspell">Dreamspell</a> <ul><li>New Age</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Pataphysics#Pataphysical_calendar" title="'Pataphysics">'Pataphysical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_reform" title="Calendar reform">Reform proposals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanke%E2%80%93Henry_Permanent_Calendar" title="Hanke–Henry Permanent Calendar">Hanke–Henry Permanent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fixed_Calendar" title="International Fixed Calendar">International Fixed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Calendar" title="Pax Calendar">Pax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positivist_calendar" title="Positivist calendar">Positivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symmetry454" title="Symmetry454">Symmetry454</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Calendar" title="World Calendar">World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Displays and<br />applications</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendaring_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendaring software">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_calendar" title="Perpetual calendar">Perpetual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_(stationery)" title="Calendar (stationery)">Wall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Year naming<br />and numbering</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoch" title="Epoch">Epoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_year" title="Leap year">Leap year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Year" title="New Year">New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_name" title="Regnal name">Regnal name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_year" title="Regnal year">Regnal year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year_zero" title="Year zero">Year zero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anka_year" title="Anka year">Anka year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a>/<a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Lucis" title="Anno Lucis">Anno Lucis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_the_Martyrs" title="Era of the Martyrs">Anno Martyrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anno_Mundi" title="Anno Mundi">Anno Mundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eponym_dating_system" title="Eponym dating system">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">Before Present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_era_name" title="Chinese era name">Chinese Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_calendar" title="Republic of China calendar">Chinese Minguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">English and British regnal year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">Hijri year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Human (Holocene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_era_name" title="Korean era name">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirayana_system" title="Nirayana system">Nirayana system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_era" title="Seleucid era">Seleucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_era" title="Spanish era">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuga" title="Yuga">Yugas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Yuga" title="Satya Yuga">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treta_Yuga" title="Treta Yuga">Treta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvapara_Yuga" title="Dvapara Yuga">Dvapara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_era_name" title="Vietnamese era name">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fictional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discworld_(world)#Calendar" title="Discworld (world)">Discworld</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Discworld" title="Discworld">Discworld</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flanaess#Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Flanaess">Greyhawk</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle-earth calendar">Middle-earth</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardate" title="Stardate">Stardate</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">List of calendars</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" 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