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<li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Mujaddid" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Mujaddid" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_Sunni_claimants_and_potential_mujaddids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Sunni_claimants_and_potential_mujaddids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>List of Sunni claimants and potential <i>mujaddids</i></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_Sunni_claimants_and_potential_mujaddids-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of Sunni claimants and potential <i>mujaddids</i> subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_Sunni_claimants_and_potential_mujaddids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_century_(after_the_prophetic_period)_(August_3,_718)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_century_(after_the_prophetic_period)_(August_3,_718)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>First century (after the prophetic period) (August 3, 718)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_century_(after_the_prophetic_period)_(August_3,_718)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_century_(August_10,_815)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_century_(August_10,_815)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Second century (August 10, 815)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_century_(August_10,_815)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_century_(August_17,_912)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_century_(August_17,_912)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Third century (August 17, 912)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_century_(August_17,_912)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourth_Century_(August_24,_1009)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourth_Century_(August_24,_1009)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Fourth Century (August 24, 1009)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourth_Century_(August_24,_1009)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fifth_century_(September_1,_1106)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fifth_century_(September_1,_1106)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Fifth century (September 1, 1106)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fifth_century_(September_1,_1106)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sixth_century_(September_9,_1203)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sixth_century_(September_9,_1203)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Sixth century (September 9, 1203)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sixth_century_(September_9,_1203)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seventh_century_(September_15,_1300)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seventh_century_(September_15,_1300)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Seventh century (September 15, 1300)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seventh_century_(September_15,_1300)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eighth_century_(September_23,_1397)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eighth_century_(September_23,_1397)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Eighth century (September 23, 1397)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eighth_century_(September_23,_1397)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ninth_century_(October_1,_1494)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ninth_century_(October_1,_1494)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Ninth century (October 1, 1494)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ninth_century_(October_1,_1494)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tenth_century_(October_19,_1591)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenth_century_(October_19,_1591)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Tenth century (October 19, 1591)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tenth_century_(October_19,_1591)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eleventh_century_(October_26,_1688)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eleventh_century_(October_26,_1688)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>Eleventh century (October 26, 1688)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eleventh_century_(October_26,_1688)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twelfth_century_(November_4,_1785)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twelfth_century_(November_4,_1785)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>Twelfth century (November 4, 1785)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twelfth_century_(November_4,_1785)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thirteenth_century_(November_14,_1882)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thirteenth_century_(November_14,_1882)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>Thirteenth century (November 14, 1882)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thirteenth_century_(November_14,_1882)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourteenth_century_(November_21,_1979)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourteenth_century_(November_21,_1979)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.14</span> <span>Fourteenth century (November 21, 1979)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourteenth_century_(November_21,_1979)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Claimants_in_other_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Claimants_in_other_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Claimants in other traditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Claimants_in_other_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%AF_(%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)" title="مجدد (إسلام) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مجدد (إسلام)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6" title="মুজাদ্দিদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুজাদ্দিদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Мөжәддит – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мөжәддит" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudschaddid" title="Mudschaddid – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mudschaddid" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C4%9Dadido" title="Muĝadido – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Muĝadido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujaddid" title="Mujaddid – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mujaddid" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujaddidi" title="Mujaddidi – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mujaddidi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujaddid" title="Mujaddid – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mujaddid" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujaddid" title="Mujaddid – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mujaddid" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudzsad%C3%ADd" title="Mudzsadíd – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mudzsadíd" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="مجددين الاسلام – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مجددين الاسلام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujaddid" title="Mujaddid – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mujaddid" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujaddid" title="Mujaddid – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mujaddid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujaddid" title="Mujaddid – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mujaddid" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Муджаддид – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Муджаддид" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujaddid" title="Mujaddid – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mujaddid" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujaddid" title="Mujaddid – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mujaddid" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94" title="มุญัดดิด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มุญัดดิด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCceddid" title="Müceddid – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Müceddid" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B4" title="Муджаддід – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Муджаддід" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%AF" title="مجدد – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مجدد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1796211#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Term meaning one who brings renewal to Islam</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Mujahid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mujahid">Mujahid</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output 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0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="border:1px solid #060;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Islam" title="Category:Islam">a series</a> on <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><i><a href="/wiki/Principles_of_Islamic_jurisprudence" title="Principles of Islamic jurisprudence">Usul al-Fiqh</a></i></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px solid #686;background:rgb(220,245,220);border-bottom:1px solid #686;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Fiqh</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ijazah" title="Ijazah">Ijazah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijma" title="Ijma">Ijma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijtihad" title="Ijtihad">Ijtihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikhtilaf" title="Ikhtilaf">Ikhtilaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istihlal" title="Istihlal">Istihlal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istihsan" title="Istihsan">Istihsan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istishab" title="Istishab">Istishab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">Madhhab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslaha" title="Maslaha">Maslaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiyas" title="Qiyas">Qiyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqlid" title="Taqlid">Taqlid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqwa" title="Taqwa">Taqwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urf" title="Urf">Urf</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px solid #686;background:rgb(220,245,220);border-bottom:1px solid #686;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Ahkam" title="Ahkam">Ahkam</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fard" title="Fard">Fard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustahabb" title="Mustahabb">Mustahabb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halal" title="Halal">Halal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mubah" title="Mubah">Mubah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makruh" title="Makruh">Makruh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haram" title="Haram">Haram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baligh" title="Baligh">Baligh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batil" title="Batil">Batil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bid%27ah" title="Bid'ah">Bid'ah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahisha" title="Fahisha">Fahisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasiq" title="Fasiq">Fasiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitna_(word)" title="Fitna (word)">Fitna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasad" title="Fasad">Fasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghibah" title="Ghibah">Ghibah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_sin" title="Islamic views on sin">Gunah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haya_(Islam)" title="Haya (Islam)">Haya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirabah" title="Hirabah">Hirabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islah" title="Islah">Islah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istighfar" title="Istighfar">Istighfar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istishhad" title="Istishhad">Istishhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasd" class="mw-redirect" title="Qasd">Qasd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Tafsir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taghut" title="Taghut">Taghut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqiyya" title="Taqiyya">Taqiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawbah">Tawbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tazkiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Tazkiah">Tazkiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thawab" title="Thawab">Thawab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderation_in_Islam" title="Moderation in Islam">Wasat</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px solid #686;background:rgb(220,245,220);border-bottom:1px solid #686;"> Legal vocations and titles</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaykh_al-Isl%C4%81m" title="Shaykh al-Islām">Shaykh al-Islām</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid">Sayyid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharif" title="Sharif">Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashraf">Ashraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrat" title="Hadrat">Hadrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">Ulama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faqeeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Faqeeh">Faqeeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allamah" title="Allamah">Allamah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohyeddin" title="Mohyeddin">Mohyeddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mufti" title="Mufti">Mufti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mufti" title="Grand Mufti">Grand Mufti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hujjat_al-Islam" title="Hujjat al-Islam">Hujjat al-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujtahid" class="mw-redirect" title="Mujtahid">Mujtahid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayatollah" title="Ayatollah">Ayatollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seghatoleslam" title="Seghatoleslam">Seghatoleslam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marja%27" title="Marja'">Marja'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_(Quran)" title="Hafiz (Quran)">Hafiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hujja" title="Hujja">Hujja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakim_(title)" title="Hakim (title)">Hakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullah" title="Mullah">Mullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlawi_(Islamic_title)" title="Mawlawi (Islamic title)">Mawlawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatib" title="Khatib">Khatib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khawaja" title="Khawaja">Khawaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawl%C4%81n%C4%81" title="Mawlānā">Mawlānā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawla" title="Mawla">Mawla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Mufassir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murshid" title="Murshid">Murshid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_(Sufism)" title="Pir (Sufism)">Pir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wali" title="Wali">Wali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhund" title="Akhund">Akhund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhaddith" title="Muhaddith">Muhaddith</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mujaddid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qadi" title="Qadi">Qadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">Sheikh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marabout" title="Marabout">Marabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulu%27l-amr" title="Ulu'l-amr">Ulu'l-amr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustad" title="Ustad">Ustad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27azzin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'azzin">Mu'azzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murid" title="Murid">Murid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen" title="Mujahideen">Mujahideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazi_(warrior)" title="Ghazi (warrior)">Ghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahid" title="Shahid">Shahid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajji" title="Hajji">Hajji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_(Islam)" title="Ansar (Islam)">Ansar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salaf" title="Salaf">Salaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahabah">Sahabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabi%27un" title="Tabi'un">Tabi'un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabi%27_al-Tabi%27in" title="Tabi' al-Tabi'in">Tabi' al-Tabi'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da%27i_al-Mutlaq" title="Da'i al-Mutlaq">Da'i al-Mutlaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dawla" title="Al-Dawla">al-Dawla</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Usul_al-Fiqh" title="Template:Usul al-Fiqh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Usul_al-Fiqh" title="Template talk:Usul al-Fiqh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Usul_al-Fiqh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Usul al-Fiqh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <i><b>mujaddid</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مجدد</span>) is an Islamic term for one who brings "renewal" (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تجديد</span></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Tajdid" class="mw-redirect" title="Tajdid">tajdid</a></i></span>) to the religion.<sup id="cite_ref-faruqi_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faruqi-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MICE_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MICE-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the popular Muslim tradition, it refers to a person who appears at the turn of every <a href="/wiki/Century" title="Century">century</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a> to <a href="/wiki/Islamic_revival" title="Islamic revival">revitalize</a> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, cleansing it of extraneous elements and restoring it to its pristine purity. In contemporary times, a mujaddid is looked upon as the greatest Muslim of a century.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The concept is based on a <i><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a></i> (a saying of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Islamic prophet Muhammad</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-Neal_Robinson_2013_pp._85-89_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neal_Robinson_2013_pp._85-89-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> recorded by <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dawood" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Dawood">Abu Dawood</a>, narrated by <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hurairah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Hurairah">Abu Hurairah</a> who mentioned that Muhammad said: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Allah will raise for this community at the end of every 100 years the one who will renovate its religion for it.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Abu_Dawood" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunan Abu Dawood">Sunan Abu Dawood</a>, Book 37: Kitab al-Malahim [Battles], Hadith Number 4278<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Ikhtilaf" title="Ikhtilaf">Ikhtilaf</a> (disagreements) exist among different hadith viewers. Scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Al-Dhahabi" title="Al-Dhahabi">Al-Dhahabi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalani" title="Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani">Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani</a> have interpreted that the term mujaddid can also be understood as plural, thus referring to a group of people.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Mujaddids</i> can include prominent scholars, pious rulers and military commanders.<sup id="cite_ref-MICE_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MICE-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Sunni_claimants_and_potential_mujaddids">List of Sunni claimants and potential <i>mujaddids</i></h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:462px;max-width:462px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:120px;max-width:120px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:160px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cristofano_dell%27altissimo,_saladino,_ante_1568_-_Serie_Gioviana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Cristofano_dell%27altissimo%2C_saladino%2C_ante_1568_-_Serie_Gioviana.jpg/118px-Cristofano_dell%27altissimo%2C_saladino%2C_ante_1568_-_Serie_Gioviana.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Cristofano_dell%27altissimo%2C_saladino%2C_ante_1568_-_Serie_Gioviana.jpg/177px-Cristofano_dell%27altissimo%2C_saladino%2C_ante_1568_-_Serie_Gioviana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Cristofano_dell%27altissimo%2C_saladino%2C_ante_1568_-_Serie_Gioviana.jpg/236px-Cristofano_dell%27altissimo%2C_saladino%2C_ante_1568_-_Serie_Gioviana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:108px;max-width:108px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:160px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Timur_reconstruction03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Timur_reconstruction03.jpg/106px-Timur_reconstruction03.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Timur_reconstruction03.jpg/159px-Timur_reconstruction03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Timur_reconstruction03.jpg/212px-Timur_reconstruction03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="892" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:104px;max-width:104px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:160px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shahruch_reconstruction.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Shahruch_reconstruction.jpg/102px-Shahruch_reconstruction.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Shahruch_reconstruction.jpg/153px-Shahruch_reconstruction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Shahruch_reconstruction.jpg/204px-Shahruch_reconstruction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="1256" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:121px;max-width:121px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:160px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bellini,_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg/119px-Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg/179px-Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg/238px-Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3132" data-file-height="4226" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:108px;max-width:108px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:142px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yavuz_Selim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Yavuz_Selim.jpg/106px-Yavuz_Selim.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Yavuz_Selim.jpg/159px-Yavuz_Selim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Yavuz_Selim.jpg/212px-Yavuz_Selim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4382" data-file-height="5910" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:142px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suleiman_the_Magnificent_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Suleiman_the_Magnificent_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg/122px-Suleiman_the_Magnificent_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Suleiman_the_Magnificent_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg/183px-Suleiman_the_Magnificent_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Suleiman_the_Magnificent_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg/244px-Suleiman_the_Magnificent_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2103" data-file-height="2451" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:142px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aurangzeb-portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Aurangzeb-portrait.jpg/117px-Aurangzeb-portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Aurangzeb-portrait.jpg/176px-Aurangzeb-portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Aurangzeb-portrait.jpg/234px-Aurangzeb-portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:103px;max-width:103px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:142px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TipuSultan1790.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/TipuSultan1790.jpg/101px-TipuSultan1790.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/TipuSultan1790.jpg/152px-TipuSultan1790.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/TipuSultan1790.jpg/202px-TipuSultan1790.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1312" data-file-height="1861" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Rulers and conquerors such as <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamerlane" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamerlane">Tamerlane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shah_Rukh" title="Shah Rukh">Shah Rukh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selim_I" title="Selim I">Selim I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a> were often popularly heralded as mujaddids for their roles in <a href="/wiki/Political_Islam" title="Political Islam">Political Islam</a> (<i>Saladin, Ottoman's Selim I and Suleiman I held the title of <a href="/wiki/Custodian_of_the_Two_Holy_Mosques" title="Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques">Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pande_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pande-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hassan_Ahmed_Ibrahim_p._172_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassan_Ahmed_Ibrahim_p._172-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div><p>While there is no formal mechanism for designating a <i>mujaddid</i> in <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>, there is often a popular consensus. The <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ghulam_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ghulam-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2018)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jesudas_M._Athyal_2015_p_1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jesudas_M._Athyal_2015_p_1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have their own list of mujaddids.<sup id="cite_ref-MICE_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MICE-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_century_(after_the_prophetic_period)_(August_3,_718)"><span id="First_century_.28after_the_prophetic_period.29_.28August_3.2C_718.29"></span>First century (after the prophetic period) (August 3, 718)</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umar_ibn_Abd_al-Aziz" title="Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz">Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz</a> (682–720)<sup id="cite_ref-livingislam_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-livingislam-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Josef_W._Meri_2005_p_678_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Josef_W._Meri_2005_p_678-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_century_(August_10,_815)"><span id="Second_century_.28August_10.2C_815.29"></span>Second century (August 10, 815)</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Idris_ash-Shafi%60i" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi`i">Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi`i</a> (767–820)<sup id="cite_ref-Josef_W._Meri_2005_p_678_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Josef_W._Meri_2005_p_678-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Waines_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waines-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Izalat_al-Khafa_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Izalat_al-Khafa-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paradise_Lost_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paradise_Lost-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal" title="Ahmad ibn Hanbal">Ahmad ibn Hanbal</a> (780–855)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_century_(August_17,_912)"><span id="Third_century_.28August_17.2C_912.29"></span>Third century (August 17, 912)</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Bukhari" title="Muhammad al-Bukhari">Muhammad al-Bukhari</a> (810–870)<sup id="cite_ref-Izalat_al-Khafa_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Izalat_al-Khafa-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Ash%27ari" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari">Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari</a> (874–936)<sup id="cite_ref-Waines_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waines-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Josef_W._Meri_p_678_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Josef_W._Meri_p_678-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourth_Century_(August_24,_1009)"><span id="Fourth_Century_.28August_24.2C_1009.29"></span>Fourth Century (August 24, 1009)</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakim_al-Nishaburi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakim al-Nishaburi">Hakim al-Nishaburi</a> (933–1012)<sup id="cite_ref-Izalat_al-Khafa_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Izalat_al-Khafa-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqillani" title="Al-Baqillani">Abu Bakr Al-Baqillani</a> (950–1013)<sup id="cite_ref-Josef_W._Meri_2005_p_678_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Josef_W._Meri_2005_p_678-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ihya_Ulum_Ad_Din,_Dar_Al_Minhaj_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ihya_Ulum_Ad_Din,_Dar_Al_Minhaj-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fifth_century_(September_1,_1106)"><span id="Fifth_century_.28September_1.2C_1106.29"></span>Fifth century (September 1, 1106)</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hazm" title="Ibn Hazm">Ibn Hazm</a> (994–1064)<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Abu Hamid al-Ghazali</a> (1058–1111)<sup id="cite_ref-Josef_W._Meri_2005_p_678_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Josef_W._Meri_2005_p_678-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Waines_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waines-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paradise_Lost_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paradise_Lost-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thepenmagazine_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thepenmagazine-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Jilani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Qadir Jilani">Abdul Qadir Jilani</a> (1078–1166) <sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sixth_century_(September_9,_1203)"><span id="Sixth_century_.28September_9.2C_1203.29"></span>Sixth century (September 9, 1203)</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Salauddin Ayyubi</a> (1137–1193)<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Qudamah" title="Ibn Qudamah">Ibn Qudamah</a> (1147–1223)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Bakhtiyar_Khalji" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji">Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji</a> (1148–1206)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi">Fakhr al-Din al-Razi</a> (1149–1210)<sup id="cite_ref-muslimphilosophy_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muslimphilosophy-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Qasim_al-Rafi%27i" title="Abu al-Qasim al-Rafi'i">Abu al-Qasim al-Rafi'i</a> (1160-1226)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seventh_century_(September_15,_1300)"><span id="Seventh_century_.28September_15.2C_1300.29"></span>Seventh century (September 15, 1300)</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Daqiq_al-%27Id" title="Ibn Daqiq al-'Id">Ibn Daqiq al-'Id</a> (1228–1302)<sup id="cite_ref-Muhsin_J._al-Musawi_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muhsin_J._al-Musawi-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Taymiyyah">Ibn Taymiyyah</a> (1263–1328)<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Qayyim_al-Jawziyya" title="Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya">Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya</a> (1292–1350)<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eighth_century_(September_23,_1397)"><span id="Eighth_century_.28September_23.2C_1397.29"></span>Eighth century (September 23, 1397)</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_al-Din_al-Bulqini" title="Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini">Siraj al-Din al-Bulqini</a> (1324–1403)<sup id="cite_ref-Muhsin_J._al-Musawi_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muhsin_J._al-Musawi-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamerlane" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamerlane">Tamerlane</a> (Timur) (1336–1405)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalani" title="Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani">Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani</a> (1372–1448)<sup id="cite_ref-islamic.pwp_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-islamic.pwp-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ninth_century_(October_1,_1494)"><span id="Ninth_century_.28October_1.2C_1494.29"></span>Ninth century (October 1, 1494)</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Rukh" title="Shah Rukh">Shah Rukh</a> (1377–1447)<sup id="cite_ref-Hassan_Ahmed_Ibrahim_p._172_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassan_Ahmed_Ibrahim_p._172-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet II">Mehmet II</a> (1432–1481)<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakariyya_al-Ansari" title="Zakariyya al-Ansari">Zakariyya al-Ansari</a> (1420-1520)<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Suyuti" title="Al-Suyuti">Jalaludin Al-Suyuti</a> (1445–1505)<sup id="cite_ref-livingislam_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-livingislam-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Origins_of_Islamic_Reformism_in_Southeast_Asia_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Origins_of_Islamic_Reformism_in_Southeast_Asia-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tenth_century_(October_19,_1591)"><span id="Tenth_century_.28October_19.2C_1591.29"></span>Tenth century (October 19, 1591)</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selim_I" title="Selim I">Selim I</a> (1470–1520)<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman the Magnificent</a> (1494–1566)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Ramli" title="Shams al-Din al-Ramli">Shams al-Din al-Ramli</a> (1513-1596)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Ahmad Sirhindi">Ahmad Sirhindi</a> (1564–1624)<sup id="cite_ref-Josef_W._Meri_p_678_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Josef_W._Meri_p_678-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_New_Encyclopedia_of_Islam_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_Encyclopedia_of_Islam-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eleventh_century_(October_26,_1688)"><span id="Eleventh_century_.28October_26.2C_1688.29"></span>Eleventh century (October 26, 1688)</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khayr_al-Din_al-Ramli" title="Khayr al-Din al-Ramli">Khayr al-Din al-Ramli</a> (1585–1671)<sup id="cite_ref-livingislam_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-livingislam-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Mahiuddin Aurangzeb Alamgir</a> (1618–1707)<sup id="cite_ref-academia.edu_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academia.edu-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_ibn_Alawi_al-Haddad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad">Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad</a> (1634–1720)<sup id="cite_ref-iqra_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iqra-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twelfth_century_(November_4,_1785)"><span id="Twelfth_century_.28November_4.2C_1785.29"></span>Twelfth century (November 4, 1785)</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Waliullah_Dehlawi" title="Shah Waliullah Dehlawi">Shah Waliullah Dehlawi</a> (1703–1762)<sup id="cite_ref-academia.edu_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academia.edu-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murtada_al-Zabidi" title="Murtada al-Zabidi">Murtaḍá al-Zabīdī</a> (1732–1790)<sup id="cite_ref-The_Origins_of_Islamic_Reformism_in_Southeast_Asia_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Origins_of_Islamic_Reformism_in_Southeast_Asia-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Abdul_Aziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Abdul Aziz">Shah Abdul Aziz Delhwi</a> (1745–1823)<sup id="cite_ref-almukhtarbooks_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-almukhtarbooks-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a> (1750–1799)<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usman_dan_Fodio" title="Usman dan Fodio">Usman Dan Fodio</a> (1754–1817)<sup id="cite_ref-African_And_Islamic_Revival_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-African_And_Islamic_Revival-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Barelvi" title="Syed Ahmad Barelvi">Syed Ahmad Barelvi</a> (1786–1831)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazl-e-Haq_Khairabadi" title="Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi">Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi</a> (1796–1861)<sup id="cite_ref-Sehgal2001_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sehgal2001-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thirteenth_century_(November_14,_1882)"><span id="Thirteenth_century_.28November_14.2C_1882.29"></span>Thirteenth century (November 14, 1882)</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abduh" title="Muhammad Abduh">Muhammad Abduh</a> (1849–1905)<sup id="cite_ref-Paradise_Lost_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paradise_Lost-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</a> (1851–1920)<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Raza_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad Raza Khan">Ahmad Raza Khan</a> (1856–1925) <sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadou_Bamba" title="Amadou Bamba">Amadou Bamba</a> (1853–1927) <sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fourteenth_century_(November_21,_1979)"><span id="Fourteenth_century_.28November_21.2C_1979.29"></span>Fourteenth century (November 21, 1979)</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi" title="Ashraf Ali Thanwi">Ashraf Ali Thanwi</a> (1863–1943)<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_Nurs%C3%AE" title="Said Nursî">Said Nursî</a> (1878–1960)<sup id="cite_ref-Muslims:_Their_Religious_Beliefs_and_Practices_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muslims:_Their_Religious_Beliefs_and_Practices-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul-Rahman_al-Sa%27di" title="Abdul-Rahman al-Sa'di">Abdul-Rahman al-Sa'di</a> (1889–1957)<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_A%27la_Maududi" title="Abul A'la Maududi">Abul A'la Maududi</a> (1903–1979)<sup id="cite_ref-Maududi_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maududi-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murabit_al-Hajj" title="Murabit al-Hajj">Murabit al-Hajj</a> (1913 - 2018) <sup id="cite_ref-Sufism_in_West_Africa_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sufism_in_West_Africa-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_%27Alawi_al-Maliki" title="Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki">Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki</a> (1944–2004) <sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Claimants_in_other_traditions">Claimants in other traditions</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mulla_Sadra" title="Mulla Sadra">Mulla Sadra Shirazi</a> (1571–1640)<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Khan" title="Syed Ahmad Khan">Syed Ahmad Khan</a> (1817–1898)<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Ghulam_Ahmad" title="Mirza Ghulam Ahmad">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad</a> (1835–1908)<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-faruqi-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-faruqi_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFaruqi2010" class="citation book cs1">Faruqi, Burhan Ahmad (16 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j7UeAgAAQBAJ"><i>The Mujaddid's Conception of Tawhid</i></a>. Lulu.com. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781446164020" title="Special:BookSources/9781446164020"><bdi>9781446164020</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mujaddid%27s+Conception+of+Tawhid&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2010-08-16&rft.isbn=9781446164020&rft.aulast=Faruqi&rft.aufirst=Burhan+Ahmad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj7UeAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MICE-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MICE_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MICE_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MICE_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeri2006" class="citation book cs1">Meri, Josef W., ed. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H-k9oc9xsuAC"><i>Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. Psychology Press. p. 678. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415966900" title="Special:BookSources/9780415966900"><bdi>9780415966900</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Islamic+Civilization%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=678&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780415966900&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH-k9oc9xsuAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180904055850/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1590">"Mujaddid – Oxford Islamic Studies Online"</a>. <i>www.oxfordislamicstudies.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1590">the original</a> on September 4, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oxfordislamicstudies.com&rft.atitle=Mujaddid+%E2%80%93+Oxford+Islamic+Studies+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordislamicstudies.com%2Farticle%2Fopr%2Ft125%2Fe1590&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neal_Robinson_2013_pp._85-89-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Neal_Robinson_2013_pp._85-89_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neal Robinson (2013), Islam: A Concise Introduction, Routledge, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0878402243" title="Special:BookSources/978-0878402243">978-0878402243</a>, Chapter 7, pp. 85–89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Abu_Dawood" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunan Abu Dawood">Sunan Abu Dawood</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19700101010101/http://cmje.usc.edu/religious-texts/hadith/abudawud/037-sat.php#037.4278">37:4278</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fath al-Baari (13/295)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Taareekh al-Islam (23/180)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2010" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Roy (2010). <i>Mawlana Mawdudi and Political Islam: Authority and the Islamic State</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136950360" title="Special:BookSources/9781136950360"><bdi>9781136950360</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mawlana+Mawdudi+and+Political+Islam%3A+Authority+and+the+Islamic+State&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781136950360&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Roy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pande-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pande_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFB._N._Pande1996" class="citation book cs1">B. N. Pande (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FgbXAAAAMAAJ"><i>Aurangzeb and Tipu Sultan: Evaluation of Their Religious Policies</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788185220383" title="Special:BookSources/9788185220383"><bdi>9788185220383</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aurangzeb+and+Tipu+Sultan%3A+Evaluation+of+Their+Religious+Policies&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9788185220383&rft.au=B.+N.+Pande&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFgbXAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Advocate of Dialogue: Fethullah Gulen by Ali Unal and Alphonse Williams, 10 June 2000; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0970437013" title="Special:BookSources/978-0970437013">978-0970437013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkgunduzOzturk2011" class="citation book cs1">Akgunduz, Ahmed; Ozturk, Said (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WKfIAgAAQBAJ&q=ottoman+mujaddid&pg=PA14"><i>Ottoman History - Misperceptions and Truths</i></a>. IUR Press. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-90-26108-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-90-26108-9"><bdi>978-90-90-26108-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ottoman+History+-+Misperceptions+and+Truths&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=IUR+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-90-90-26108-9&rft.aulast=Akgunduz&rft.aufirst=Ahmed&rft.au=Ozturk%2C+Said&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWKfIAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dottoman%2Bmujaddid%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hassan_Ahmed_Ibrahim_p._172-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hassan_Ahmed_Ibrahim_p._172_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hassan_Ahmed_Ibrahim_p._172_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hassan Ahmed Ibrahim, "An Overview of al-Sadiq al-Madhi's Islamic Discourse." Taken from <i>The Blackwell Companion to Contemporary Islamic Thought</i>, p. 172. Ed. Ibrahim Abu-Rabi'. <a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wiley-Blackwell" title="Wiley-Blackwell">Wiley-Blackwell</a>, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-7848-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-7848-8">978-1-4051-7848-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ghulam-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ghulam_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-RfYBgAAQBAJ"><i>Religion in Southeast Asia: An Encyclopedia of Faiths and Cultures</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO, LLC</a>. 10 March 2015. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610692502" title="Special:BookSources/9781610692502"><bdi>9781610692502</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+in+Southeast+Asia%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Faiths+and+Cultures&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO%2C+LLC&rft.date=2015-03-10&rft.isbn=9781610692502&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-RfYBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jesudas_M._Athyal_2015_p_1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jesudas_M._Athyal_2015_p_1_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jesudas M. Athyal, Religion in Southeast Asia: An Encyclopedia of Faiths and Cultures, (ABC-CLIO, LLC 2015), p 1. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610692496" title="Special:BookSources/9781610692496">9781610692496</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-livingislam-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-livingislam_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-livingislam_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-livingislam_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livingislam.org/fiqhi/fiqha_e96.html">"Mujaddid Ulema"</a>. Living Islam.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mujaddid+Ulema&rft.pub=Living+Islam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livingislam.org%2Ffiqhi%2Ffiqha_e96.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Josef_W._Meri_2005_p_678-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Josef_W._Meri_2005_p_678_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Josef_W._Meri_2005_p_678_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Josef_W._Meri_2005_p_678_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Josef_W._Meri_2005_p_678_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, (Routledge 1 Dec 2005), p 678. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415966906" title="Special:BookSources/0415966906">0415966906</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waines-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Waines_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Waines_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Waines_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaines2003" class="citation book cs1">Waines, David (2003). <i>An Introduction to Islam</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521539064" title="Special:BookSources/0521539064"><bdi>0521539064</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Islam&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0521539064&rft.aulast=Waines&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Izalat_al-Khafa-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Izalat_al-Khafa_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Izalat_al-Khafa_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Izalat_al-Khafa_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaliullah" class="citation book cs1">Waliullah, Shah. <i><a href="/wiki/Izalatul_Khafa%27an_Khilafatul_Khulafa" class="mw-redirect" title="Izalatul Khafa'an Khilafatul Khulafa">Izalatul Khafa'an Khilafatul Khulafa</a></i>. p. 77, part 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Izalatul+Khafa%27an+Khilafatul+Khulafa&rft.pages=77%2C+part+7&rft.aulast=Waliullah&rft.aufirst=Shah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paradise_Lost-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paradise_Lost_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paradise_Lost_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paradise_Lost_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNieuwenhuijze1997" class="citation book cs1">Nieuwenhuijze, C.A.O.van (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=his4f16lUDcC&pg=PA24"><i>Paradise Lost: Reflections on the Struggle for Authenticity in the Middle East</i></a>. BRILL. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-10672-3" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-10672-3"><bdi>90-04-10672-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paradise+Lost%3A+Reflections+on+the+Struggle+for+Authenticity+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=90-04-10672-3&rft.aulast=Nieuwenhuijze&rft.aufirst=C.A.O.van&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhis4f16lUDcC%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mohammed M. I. Ghaly, "Writings on Disability in Islam: The 16th Century Polemic on Ibn Fahd's "al-Nukat al-Ziraf"," <i>The Arab Studies Journal</i>, Vol. 13/14, No. 2/1 (Fall 2005/Spring 2006), p. 26, note 98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Josef_W._Meri_p_678-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Josef_W._Meri_p_678_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Josef_W._Meri_p_678_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, (Routledge 1 Dec 2005), p 678. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415966906" title="Special:BookSources/0415966906">0415966906</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ihya_Ulum_Ad_Din,_Dar_Al_Minhaj-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ihya_Ulum_Ad_Din,_Dar_Al_Minhaj_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Ihya Ulum Ad Din, Dar Al Minhaj: Volume 1</i>. p. 403.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ihya+Ulum+Ad+Din%2C+Dar+Al+Minhaj%3A+Volume+1&rft.pages=403&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Legal Thought of Jalāl Al-Din Al-Suyūṭī: Authority and Legacy, Page 133 Rebecca Skreslet Hernandez</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thepenmagazine-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thepenmagazine_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thepenmagazine.net/imam-ghazali-the-sun-of-the-fifth-century-hujjat-al-islam/">"Imam Ghazali: The Sun of the Fifth century Hujjat al-Islam"</a>. 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Smith, Islam in America, p 36. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0231519990" title="Special:BookSources/0231519990">0231519990</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dhahabi, Siyar, 4.566</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Willard Gurdon Oxtoby, Oxford University Press, 1996, p 421</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReese2001" class="citation journal cs1">Reese, Scott S. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3181395">"The Best of Guides: Sufi Poetry and Alternate Discourses of Reform in Early Twentieth-Century Somalia"</a>. <i>Journal of African Cultural Studies</i>. <b>14</b> (1 Islamic Religious Poetry in Africa): 49–68. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F136968101750333969">10.1080/136968101750333969</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3181395">3181395</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162001423">162001423</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+African+Cultural+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Best+of+Guides%3A+Sufi+Poetry+and+Alternate+Discourses+of+Reform+in+Early+Twentieth-Century+Somalia&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1+Islamic+Religious+Poetry+in+Africa&rft.pages=49-68&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162001423%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3181395%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F136968101750333969&rft.aulast=Reese&rft.aufirst=Scott+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3181395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Majmu al-Fatawa, Volume 10, Page 455</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnahonline.com/library/biographies/370-ibn-hajar-al-asqalani">"Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani - SunnahOnline.com"</a>. <i>sunnahonline.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnahonline.com&rft.atitle=Ibn+Hajar+al-Asqalani+-+SunnahOnline.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnahonline.com%2Flibrary%2Fbiographies%2F370-ibn-hajar-al-asqalani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sufi Movements in Eastern India – Page 194</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The preaching of Islam: a history of the propagation of the Muslim faith By Sir Thomas Walker Arnold, pp. 227–228</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-muslimphilosophy-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-muslimphilosophy_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H044.htm">"al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din (1149–1209)"</a>. Muslim Philosophy.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=al-Razi%2C+Fakhr+al-Din+%281149%E2%80%931209%29&rft.pub=Muslim+Philosophy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muslimphilosophy.com%2Fip%2Frep%2FH044.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWael_Hallaq2022" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wael_Hallaq" title="Wael Hallaq">Wael Hallaq</a> (23 February 2022). <i>Law and Legal Theory in Classical and Medieval Islam</i>. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781000585049" title="Special:BookSources/9781000585049"><bdi>9781000585049</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Law+and+Legal+Theory+in+Classical+and+Medieval+Islam&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2022-02-23&rft.isbn=9781000585049&rft.au=Wael+Hallaq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Muhsin_J._al-Musawi-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Muhsin_J._al-Musawi_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muhsin_J._al-Musawi_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuhsin_J._al-Musawi2015" class="citation book cs1">Muhsin J. al-Musawi (15 April 2015). <i>Medieval Islamic Republic of Letters, The: Arabic Knowledge Construction</i>. University of Notre Dame Press, Chapter 6 'Disputation in Rhetoric' citation #28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0268020446" title="Special:BookSources/978-0268020446"><bdi>978-0268020446</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Islamic+Republic+of+Letters%2C+The%3A+Arabic+Knowledge+Construction&rft.pub=University+of+Notre+Dame+Press%2C+Chapter+6+%27Disputation+in+Rhetoric%27+citation+%2328&rft.date=2015-04-15&rft.isbn=978-0268020446&rft.au=Muhsin+J.+al-Musawi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0268020446" title="Special:BookSources/978-0268020446">978-0268020446</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hassan Ahmed Ibrahim, "An Overview of al-Sadiq al-Madhi's Islamic Discourse." Taken from <i>The Blackwell Companion to Contemporary Islamic Thought</i>, p. 214. Ed. Ibrahim Abu-Rabi'. <a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wiley-Blackwell" title="Wiley-Blackwell">Wiley-Blackwell</a>, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-7848-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-7848-8">978-1-4051-7848-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-islamic.pwp-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-islamic.pwp_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040902170858/http://www.islamic.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Biographies/ibn_hajar.htm">"Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani"</a>. Hanafi.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islamic.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Biographies/ibn_hajar.htm">the original</a> on 2004-09-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ibn+Hajar+Al-Asqalani&rft.pub=Hanafi.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamic.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk%2FBiographies%2Fibn_hajar.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahrusillah2022" class="citation book cs1">Mahrusillah, Mohamad (23 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2oidEAAAQBAJ"><i>Fiqh Neurostorytelling Tradisi Lisan Pengajaran Fatḥ al-Mu'īn di Banten</i></a>. Penerbit A-Empat. p. 139. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786236289754" title="Special:BookSources/9786236289754"><bdi>9786236289754</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fiqh+Neurostorytelling+Tradisi+Lisan+Pengajaran+Fat%E1%B8%A5+al-Mu%27%C4%ABn+di+Banten&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=Penerbit+A-Empat&rft.date=2022-11-23&rft.isbn=9786236289754&rft.aulast=Mahrusillah&rft.aufirst=Mohamad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2oidEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Origins_of_Islamic_Reformism_in_Southeast_Asia-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Origins_of_Islamic_Reformism_in_Southeast_Asia_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Origins_of_Islamic_Reformism_in_Southeast_Asia_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAzra2004" class="citation book cs1">Azra, Azyumardi (2004). <i>The Origins of Islamic Reformism in Southeast Asia </i>part of the ASAA Southeast Asia Publications Series<i><span></span></i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hawaii_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Hawaii Press">University of Hawaii Press</a>. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824828486" title="Special:BookSources/9780824828486"><bdi>9780824828486</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Islamic+Reformism+in+Southeast+Asia+part+of+the+ASAA+Southeast+Asia+Publications+Series&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780824828486&rft.aulast=Azra&rft.aufirst=Azyumardi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkgunduzOzturk2011" class="citation book cs1">Akgunduz, Ahmed; Ozturk, Said (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WKfIAgAAQBAJ&q=ottoman+mujaddid&pg=PA14"><i>Ottoman History – Misperceptions and Truths</i></a>. 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World Trade Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mourides+of+Senegal&rft.pub=World+Trade+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Senegal+Society+and+Culture+Report.+Petaluma%2C+CA%3A+World+Trade+Press.+2010.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuknowledge.uky.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1012%26context%3Dex-patt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMian2015" class="citation journal cs1">Mian, Ali Altaf (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dukespace.lib.duke.edu/dspace/handle/10161/9815">"Surviving Modernity: Ashraf 'Ali Thanvi (1863–1943) and the Making of Muslim Orthodoxy in Colonial India"</a>. <i>Duke University</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Duke+University&rft.atitle=Surviving+Modernity%3A+Ashraf+%27Ali+Thanvi+%281863%E2%80%931943%29+and+the+Making+of+Muslim+Orthodoxy+in+Colonial+India&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Mian&rft.aufirst=Ali+Altaf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdukespace.lib.duke.edu%2Fdspace%2Fhandle%2F10161%2F9815&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Muslims:_Their_Religious_Beliefs_and_Practices-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Muslims:_Their_Religious_Beliefs_and_Practices_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRippin" class="citation book cs1">Rippin, Andrew. <i>Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices</i>. p. 282.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslims%3A+Their+Religious+Beliefs+and+Practices&rft.pages=282&rft.aulast=Rippin&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1974" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Van Mitchell (September 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1974.9946605">"History of West Africa, Vol. 2"</a>. <i>History: Reviews of New Books</i>. <b>2</b> (10): 251. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03612759.1974.9946605">10.1080/03612759.1974.9946605</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0361-2759">0361-2759</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History%3A+Reviews+of+New+Books&rft.atitle=History+of+West+Africa%2C+Vol.+2&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=251&rft.date=1974-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03612759.1974.9946605&rft.issn=0361-2759&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Van+Mitchell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1080%2F03612759.1974.9946605&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maududi-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maududi_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I07ykFUoKTUC"><i>Mawdudi and the Making of Islamic Revivalism</i></a>. Oxford University Press. 4 January 1996. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195357110" title="Special:BookSources/9780195357110"><bdi>9780195357110</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mawdudi+and+the+Making+of+Islamic+Revivalism&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996-01-04&rft.isbn=9780195357110&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI07ykFUoKTUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sufism_in_West_Africa-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sufism_in_West_Africa_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRüdiger_Seesemann2010" class="citation journal cs1">Rüdiger Seesemann (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1749-8171.2010.00241.x">"Sufism in West Africa"</a>. <i>Religion Compass</i>. <b>4</b> (10). Blackwell Publishing Ltd: 606–614. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1749-8171.2010.00241.x">10.1111/j.1749-8171.2010.00241.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Religion+Compass&rft.atitle=Sufism+in+West+Africa&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=606-614&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1749-8171.2010.00241.x&rft.au=R%C3%BCdiger+Seesemann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcompass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.1749-8171.2010.00241.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://republika.co.id/berita/koran/news-update/15/03/02/nkkosb53-next-mujaddid-syekh-muhammad-alawi-almaliki-benteng-sunni-abad-ke21">"next mujaddid- Syekh Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki, Benteng Sunni Abad ke-21"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Republika_(Indonesian_newspaper)" title="Republika (Indonesian newspaper)">Republika (Indonesian newspaper)</a></i> (in Indonesian). 2015-03-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Republika+%28Indonesian+newspaper%29&rft.atitle=next+mujaddid-+Syekh+Muhammad+Alawi+al-Maliki%2C+Benteng+Sunni+Abad+ke-21&rft.date=2015-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepublika.co.id%2Fberita%2Fkoran%2Fnews-update%2F15%2F03%2F02%2Fnkkosb53-next-mujaddid-syekh-muhammad-alawi-almaliki-benteng-sunni-abad-ke21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJalali" class="citation web cs1">Jalali. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151001110919/http://taqwa.sg/v/articles/correct-understanding-of-the-mawlid-1/">"Correct Understanding of the Mawlid – 1 | TAQWA.sg | Tariqatu-l Arusiyyatu-l Qadiriyyah Worldwide Association (Singapore) - Shari'a, Tariqa, Ma'rifa, and Haqiqa"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taqwa.sg/v/articles/correct-understanding-of-the-mawlid-1/">the original</a> on 2015-10-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Correct+Understanding+of+the+Mawlid+%E2%80%93+1+%7C+TAQWA.sg+%7C+Tariqatu-l+Arusiyyatu-l+Qadiriyyah+Worldwide+Association+%28Singapore%29+-+Shari%27a%2C+Tariqa%2C+Ma%27rifa%2C+and+Haqiqa&rft.au=Jalali&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftaqwa.sg%2Fv%2Farticles%2Fcorrect-understanding-of-the-mawlid-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Concise Encyclopedia of Islam – Page 286</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Fundamental Principles of Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy by Reza Akbarian</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World,</i> Thomson Gale (2004)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adil Hussain Khan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C2DxBwAAQBAJ"><i>From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim Minority Movement in South Asia</i></a>, Indiana University Press, 6 April 2015, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedmann,_Yohanan2003" class="citation book cs1">Friedmann, Yohanan (2003). <i>Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-264-014-X" title="Special:BookSources/965-264-014-X"><bdi>965-264-014-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prophecy+Continuous%3A+Aspects+of+Ahmadi+Religious+Thought+and+Its+Medieval+Background&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=965-264-014-X&rft.au=Friedmann%2C+Yohanan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mirza Ghulam Ahmad is the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> sect. The <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a>-Shia mainstream and the majority of Muslims reject the Ahmadiyya sect as it believes in non-law bearing prophethood after Muhammad.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100723084336/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e85">"Ahmadis - Oxford Islamic Studies Online"</a>. <i>www.oxfordislamicstudies.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e85">the original</a> on July 23, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-03</span></span>. <q>Controversial messianic movement founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in Qadian, Punjab (British-controlled India), in 1889. Founder claimed to be a "nonlegislating" prophet (thus not in opposition to the mainstream belief in the finality of Muhammad's "legislative" prophecy) with a divine mandate for the revival and renewal of Islam.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oxfordislamicstudies.com&rft.atitle=Ahmadis+-+Oxford+Islamic+Studies+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordislamicstudies.com%2Farticle%2Fopr%2Ft125%2Fe85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMujaddid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Alvi, Sajida S. "The Mujaddid and Tajdīd Traditions in the Indian Subcontinent: An Historical Overview" ("Hindistan’da Mucaddid ve Tacdîd geleneği: Tarihî bir bakış"). <i>Journal of Turkish Studies</i> 18 (1994): 1–15.</li> <li>Friedmann, Yohanan. <i>Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi: An Outline of His Thought and a Study of His Image in the Eyes of Posterity</i>. Oxford India Paperbacks</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islamimehfil.com/topic/10135-concept-of-revivalist-mujaddid-in-islam/">Islami Mehfil, Concept Of Revivalist (Mujaddid) In Islam</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160325134037/http://www.at-tawhid.net/article-commentaire-du-hadith-sur-les-mujaddid-shah-waliyu-llah-79827012.html">Shah Waliyu Llah about the Mujaddids</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161018210742/http://www.at-tawhid.net/article-l-avis-du-hafiz-adh-dhahabi-sur-les-mujaddidin-des-7-premiers-siecles-98746921.html">Al Hafiz Adh Dhahabi about the Mujaddids</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140814213206/http://khilafatbook.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/thebook.pdf">Brief Introduction to the Concept of Mujaddidiyyat in Islam</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Urdu)</span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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