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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">UmCikizi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recenere" title="Recenere – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Recenere" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8_(%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A9)" title="حاسب (مهنة) – isi-Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حاسب (مهنة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="isi-Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculadora_humana" title="Calculadora humana – isi-Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Calculadora humana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="isi-Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menschlicher_Computer" title="Menschlicher Computer – isi-German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Menschlicher Computer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="isi-German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_(occupation)" title="Computer (occupation) – i-English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Computer (occupation)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="i-English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculadora_humana" title="Calculadora humana – isi-Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Calculadora humana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="isi-Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="رایانه انسانی – isi-Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رایانه انسانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="isi-Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculateur_humain" title="Calculateur humain – isi-French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Calculateur humain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="isi-French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91_(%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A2)" title="מחשב (מקצוע) – isi-Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מחשב (מקצוע)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="isi-Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer_manusia" title="Komputer manusia – isi-Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Komputer manusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="isi-Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcolatore_(persona)" title="Calcolatore (persona) – isi-Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Calcolatore (persona)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="isi-Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%89%8B" title="計算手 – isi-Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="計算手" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="isi-Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%84%EC%82%B0%EC%88%98" title="계산수 – isi-Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="계산수" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="isi-Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computator" title="Computator – isi-Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Computator" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="isi-Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menselijke_computer" title="Menselijke computer – isi-Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Menselijke computer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="isi-Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obliczeniowiec" title="Obliczeniowiec – isi-Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Obliczeniowiec" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="isi-Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computador_humano" title="Computador humano – isi-Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Computador humano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="isi-Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Вычислитель (профессия) – isi-Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вычислитель (профессия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="isi-Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4nsklig_r%C3%A4knare" title="Mänsklig räknare – isi-Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mänsklig räknare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="isi-Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF" title="மனிதக் கணினி – isi-Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மனிதக் கணினி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="isi-Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nsan_bilgisayar" title="İnsan bilgisayar – isi-Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İnsan bilgisayar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="isi-Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Обчислювач (професія) – isi-Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Обчислювач (професія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="isi-Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E5%93%A1" title="計算員 – isi-Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="計算員" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="isi-Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/UmCikizi" rel="nofollow" title="Izinguquko ezisanda kukwenziwa emakhasini axhumanyiswa kuleli khasi [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Izinguquko ezahlobene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=zu" title="Layisha ifayili [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Layisha ifayili</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A uhlu wonke amakhasi ekhethekile [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Amakhasi abalulekile</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=UmCikizi&oldid=99984" title="Isixhumanisikazi esixhumanisa kwenye inguquko yekhasi"><span>Isixhumanisi esingaguquki</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=UmCikizi&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Imininingwane yekhasi</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=UmCikizi&id=99984&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Imininingwane mayelana nokucaphuna leli khasi"><span>Caphuna leli ikhasi</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUmCikizi"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUmCikizi"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Gxifa/guqulela </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=UmCikizi"><span>Akha incwadi</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=UmCikizi&action=show-download-screen"><span>Landa njenge-PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=UmCikizi&printable=yes" title="Isifanekiso saleli khasi ongasigxifa [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inguquko egxifekayo</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Human_computing" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11202952" title="Xhumanisa nento yenqolobane yemininingwane [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata into</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">fihla</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Mayelana Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zu" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Human_computers_-_Dryden.jpg/220px-Human_computers_-_Dryden.jpg"><img resource="/wiki/File:Human_computers_-_Dryden.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Human_computers_-_Dryden.jpg/220px-Human_computers_-_Dryden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Human_computers_-_Dryden.jpg/330px-Human_computers_-_Dryden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Human_computers_-_Dryden.jpg/440px-Human_computers_-_Dryden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption> Igumbi labaCikizi besikhungo se-NACA (1949)</figcaption></figure> <p>Igama elithi " <b>umCikizi</b> ", elalisetshenziswa kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17 (ukubhalwa kwalo kokuqala kusukela ngo-1613), <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lalisho "umuntu ocikizayo": umuntu oqaqulula izibalo, ngaphambi kokuba <a href="/wiki/Ikhompyutha" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikhompyutha">iziCikizi zamazuba</a> zitholakale ezitolo. U- Alan Turing wachazisa "isiCikizi esingumuntu" njengomuntu "okufanele alandele imithetho engaguquki; akanalo igunya lokuchezuka kuyo nganoma iyiphi imininingwane." [2] Amathimba abantu, ngokuvamile abesifazane kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye kuya phambili, ayesetshenziselwa ukwenza izibalo ezinde futhi ezivame ukukhathaza; umsebenzi wahlukaniswa ukuze lokhu kwenziwe ngokuhambisana. Izibalo ezifanayo zazivame ukwenziwa ngokuzimela ngamaqembu ahlukene ukuze kuhlolwe ukunemba kwemiphumela. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indabuko_kwezenzululwazi">Indabuko kwezenzululwazi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UmCikizi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Hlela isigaba: Indabuko kwezenzululwazi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hlela</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=UmCikizi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Indabuko kwezenzululwazi"><span>Hlela umthombo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ogqayinyanga benkathi yokuVuselelwa babesebenzisa igama elithi umcikizi <i>(computer)</i> ngokufanayo nalapho bethi umchazizibalo, ekubhekiseleni emisebenzini yao yokuqaqulula ukuma kwemizulane. Babevame ukuqasha 'umcikizi' ukuze abalekelele. Kubantu abenza lowo msebenzi, abafana noJohannes Kepler, ukulekelela usonzululwazi ekucikizeni kwakuyisikhundla sesikhashana kuze kube yilapho bekhuphukela phezulu. Ngaphambi kokufackwalhe, uJohn Napier, wasikisela izindlela zokuthi "abantu abafundileyo, okungenzeka banabafundi nabacikizi abaningi" basize ekwakhiweni kwecansi lenhluzanani <i>(logarith table)</i> eliphuculiwe. </p> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">"computer". <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i> (Third ed.). Oxford University Press. March 2008. "1613 'R. B.' Yong Mans Gleanings 1, I have read the truest computer of Times, and the best Arithmetician that ever breathed, and he reduceth thy dayes into a short number."</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=computer&rft.atitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.date=March+2008&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:UmCikizi"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UmCikizi&oldid=99984">https://zu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UmCikizi&oldid=99984</a>" تان ورتل</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Leli khasi lagcinwa ukuhlelwa ngo-14 uNhlolanja 2023, nge-05:20.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Umbhalo uyatholakala phansi kwe-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; 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