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class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bronne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" 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text-align:left; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size:140%;"><b>Stephanus Schoeman</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Stephanus_Schoeman.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stephanus Schoeman"><img alt="Stephanus Schoeman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Stephanus_Schoeman.jpg/240px-Stephanus_Schoeman.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Stephanus_Schoeman.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="273" data-file-height="342" /></a></span><br />Stephanus Schoeman </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"><hr /><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold">2de President van die <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Afrikaansche_Republiek" title="Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek">Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center;"><b>Ampstermyn</b><br /><a href="/wiki/6_Desember" title="6 Desember">6 Desember</a> <a href="/wiki/1860" title="1860">1860</a> – <a href="/wiki/17_April" title="17 April">17 April</a> <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Voorafgegaan deur </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Marthinus_Wessel_Pretorius" title="Marthinus Wessel Pretorius">Marthinus Wessel Pretorius</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opgevolg deur </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Willem_Cornelis_Janse_van_Rensburg" title="Willem Cornelis Janse van Rensburg">W.C. Janse van Rensburg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color: #000000; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;"><hr /><div style="background:lavender;">Persoonlike besonderhede</div> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Gebore </th> <td><a href="/wiki/15_Maart" title="15 Maart">15 Maart</a> <a href="/wiki/1810" title="1810">1810</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Oudtshoorn" title="Oudtshoorn">Oudtshoorn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaapprovinsie" title="Kaapprovinsie">Kaapprovinsie</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Sterf </th> <td><a href="/wiki/19_Junie" title="19 Junie">19 Junie</a>, <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Eggenoot/-note </th> <td>Elsie van Heerden </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Kommandant-Generaal Stephanus Schoeman</b> (<a href="/wiki/15_Maart" title="15 Maart">15 Maart</a> <a href="/wiki/1810" title="1810">1810</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oudtshoorn" title="Oudtshoorn">Oudtshoorn</a> – <a href="/wiki/19_Junie" title="19 Junie">19 Junie</a>, <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>) was waarnemende Staatspresident van die <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Afrikaansche_Republiek" title="Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek">Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek</a> (ZAR) van <a href="/wiki/6_Desember" title="6 Desember">6 Desember</a> <a href="/wiki/1860" title="1860">1860</a> tot <a href="/wiki/17_April" title="17 April">17 April</a> <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>. Hy het ook tydens die <a href="/wiki/Transvaalse_Burgeroorlog" title="Transvaalse Burgeroorlog">Transvaalse Burgeroorlog</a> as Staatspresident gedien (tot <a href="/wiki/19_Januarie" title="19 Januarie">19 Januarie</a> <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die eerste Schoeman het in <a href="/wiki/1674" title="1674">1674</a> in die <a href="/wiki/Kaapkolonie" title="Kaapkolonie">Kaapkolonie</a> aangekom uit Ditmarschen in <a href="/wiki/Sleeswyk-Holstein" title="Sleeswyk-Holstein">Sleeswyk-Holstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a>. Ditmarschen was tot <a href="/wiki/1550" title="1550">1550</a> 'n klein “'Boererepubliek” (<a href="/wiki/Duits" title="Duits">Duits</a>: <i>Burenrepublik</i>). Die herinnering aan die vrye Boererepubliek het waarskynlik by die immigrante na <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a> voortgeleef. </p><p>Schoeman het met die weduwee van <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Potgieter" class="mw-redirect" title="Hendrik Potgieter">Hendrik Potgieter</a> getrou. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Groot_Trek_en_vestiging_in_die_Transvaal">Groot Trek en vestiging in die Transvaal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephanus_Schoeman&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Groot Trek en vestiging in die Transvaal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephanus_Schoeman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Groot Trek en vestiging in die Transvaal"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stephanus Schoeman was 'n Trekkerleier onder sy eie vlag. Hy het by <a href="/wiki/Andries_Pretorius" title="Andries Pretorius">Andries Pretorius</a> se groep aangesluit en in die <a href="/wiki/Slag_van_Bloedrivier" title="Slag van Bloedrivier">Slag van Bloedrivier</a> geveg. Een van die drie kanonne wat in die slag gebruik is, <i>"<a href="/wiki/Die_kanon_Grietjie" class="mw-redirect" title="Die kanon Grietjie">Ou Grietjie</a>"</i>, het aan Schoeman behoort en word nou in die Voortrekker Museum tentoongestel. Dit is uit Duitsland ingevoer en op 'n stel wawiele gemonteer. </p><p>Hy het hom aanvanklik in die Zoutpansberg gevestig, maar het ook 'n plaas in <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a> besit in die omgewing waar die Pretoria Dieretuin vandag geleë is. Bloedstraat was ook deel van sy plaas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konflik_met_Marthinus_Wessel_Pretorius_en_presidentskap">Konflik met Marthinus Wessel Pretorius en presidentskap</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephanus_Schoeman&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Konflik met Marthinus Wessel Pretorius en presidentskap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephanus_Schoeman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Konflik met Marthinus Wessel Pretorius en presidentskap"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schoeman se rooi hare, vurige temperament en hewige dispute met ander Boere leiers het hom die bynaam "Stormvogel van die Noorde" besorg. </p><p>Schoeman was Kommandant-Generaal in die Zoutpansberg van November <a href="/wiki/1854" title="1854">1854</a> tot Januarie <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a>. As Kommandant-Generaal was Schoeman betrokke in 'n hewige konflik met <a href="/wiki/Marthinus_Wessel_Pretorius" title="Marthinus Wessel Pretorius">Marthinus Wessel Pretorius</a>, die ZAR se eerste President en skrywer van die republiek se grondwet. Schoeman het die grondwet verwerp. Hy is hierin ondermeer deur <a href="/wiki/Willem_Cornelis_Janse_van_Rensburg" title="Willem Cornelis Janse van Rensburg">Willem Cornelis Janse van Rensburg</a>, wat hy vervolgens as voorlopige kommandant aangestel het, ondersteun. Van Rensburg het Schoeman in onderhandelinge met die Pretorius faksie verteenwoordig. In 1858, toe Schoeman siek geword het, is Van Rensburg as waarnemende Kommandant-Generaal aangestel. </p><p>Aan die einde van <a href="/wiki/1859" title="1859">1859</a> is MW Pretorius, wat die seun van die Voortrekker leier <a href="/wiki/Andries_Pretorius" title="Andries Pretorius">Andries Pretorius</a> was, ook verkies as president van die <a href="/wiki/Oranje-Vrystaat" title="Oranje-Vrystaat">Oranje-Vrystaat Republiek</a>. Die <a href="/wiki/Volksraad_van_die_Zuid-Afrikaansche_Republiek" title="Volksraad van die Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek">Volksraad van die Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek</a> het hom ses maande gegun om sy amp in die Vrystaat te aanvaar. Toe die verlof verstryk het die Volksraad Pretorius egter nie toegelaat om sy voormalige amp as president van die ZAR te hervat terwyl hy ook president van die Vrystaat was nie. Die ZAR presidensie was dus vakant en JH Grobler sou as waarnemende president aangestel word. Kommandant-Generaal Stephanus Schoeman het geweier om Grobler as waarnemende president te aanvaar. Schoeman, met die ondersteuning van baie ontevrede burgers, het Grobler van sy amp onthef en Schoeman het self oorgeneem. Die ongrondwetlike in oorname van die presidensie sou tot burger oorlog lei. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a> het die Volksraad besluit om teen Schoeman, wat saam met sy volgelinge steeds geweier het om sy posisie op te gee, op te tree. <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kruger" title="Paul Kruger">Paul Kruger</a> het tussenbeide getree, maar niemand was bereid om radikale aksie te neem nie en 'n bitter briewe stryd het tussen Schoeman en Kruger ontstaan. Eers in 1862, toe die Volksraad die Schoeman faksie tot rebelle verklaar, kon Kruger sy burgers tot aksie oproep. </p><p>Kruger, wat in Arpil 1862 tot kommandant-generaal verkies is, het daarin geslaag om Schoeman oor die <a href="/wiki/Vaalrivier" title="Vaalrivier">Vaalrivier</a> te verdryf. Schoeman se faksie het probeer om hulle posisie met mag te herstel. Kommandant Jan Viljoen het in Januarie <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a> 'n sogenaamde 'volksleër' teen Kruger en sy 'Staatsleër' gelei, maar hulle is by die Krokodilrivier verslaan. </p><p>Vrede is bewerkstellig toe 'n nuwe verkiesing in 1864 gehou is. Pretorius het vir 'n tweede keer president van die ZAR geword en Kruger het sy posisie as bevelvoerder behou. Pretorius het uiteindelik in 1871 bedank nadat hy skouspelagtig daarin misluk het om die <a href="/wiki/Robert_William_Keate" title="Robert William Keate">Keate</a> toekenning te verhoed waarvolgens 'n groot deel van die Wes-Transvaal afgegee moes word om aan die <a href="/wiki/Rolong" title="Rolong">Barolongstam</a> se eise te voldoen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_lewe_en_nalating">Later lewe en nalating</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephanus_Schoeman&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Later lewe en nalating" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephanus_Schoeman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Later lewe en nalating"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schoemanstraat in <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a> sowel as die dorp <a href="/wiki/Schoemansdal" title="Schoemansdal">Schoemansdal</a> is na Stephanus Schoeman vernoem. </p><p>Schoeman se kleinseun <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Preller" title="Gustav Preller">Gustav Preller</a> het 'n leidende geskiedkundige en taalstryder vir die <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaanse</a> taal geword. een van sy seuns, Johan Schoeman, het weer bekend geword vir die publikasie van anti-Kommunistiese materiaal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephanus_Schoeman&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephanus_Schoeman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rulers.org/ruls2.html">Rulers: South Africa</a>, besoek op 6 April 2007</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronne">Bronne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephanus_Schoeman&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Bronne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephanus_Schoeman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bronne"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>O.J.O. Ferreira, <i>Stormvoël van die Noorde: Stephanus Schoeman in Transvaal</i> (Pretoria: Makro-Boeke, 1978)</li></ul> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em auto; clear: left; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="{{{rye}}}">Voorafgegaan deur<br /><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Marthinus_Wessel_Pretorius" title="Marthinus Wessel Pretorius">Marthinus Wessel Pretorius</a></span> </td> <td width="40%" style="text-align: center;" rowspan="{{{rye}}}"><b>Staatspresident van die <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Afrikaansche_Republiek" title="Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek">Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek</a> (Waarnemend)</b><br /><a href="/wiki/6_Desember" title="6 Desember">6 Desember</a> <a href="/wiki/1860" title="1860">1860</a> – <a href="/wiki/17_April" title="17 April">17 April</a> <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a><br />(in rebellie tot <a href="/wiki/19_Januarie" title="19 Januarie">19 Januarie</a> <a href="/wiki/1863" title="1863">1863</a>) </td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="{{{rye}}}">Opgevolg deur<br /><b><a href="/wiki/Willem_Cornelis_Janse_van_Rensburg" title="Willem Cornelis Janse van Rensburg">Willem Cornelis Janse van Rensburg</a></b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q661420&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q661420&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q661420" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2011139931">no2011139931</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/187570893">187570893</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/187570893">187570893</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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