CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="af" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Pretoria - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )afwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januarie","Februarie","Maart","April","Mei","Junie","Julie","Augustus","September","Oktober","November","Desember"],"wgRequestId":"d55140d1-e4a8-4c5a-8318-650d575b41db","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Pretoria","wgTitle":"Pretoria","wgCurRevisionId":2673031,"wgRevisionId":2673031,"wgArticleId":249,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Bladsye met nie-numeriese argumente vir formatnum","Koördinate op Wikidata","Artikels met BNE-identifiseerders","Artikels met GND-identifiseerders","Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders","Artikels met LNB-identifiseerders","Artikels met MusicBrainz area-identifiseerders","Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders","Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders","Artikels met NLG-identifiseerders","Artikels met VIAF-identifiseerders","Artikels met WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders", "Normdata met 9 elemente","Voorbladartikels","Inligtingskas Nedersetting met lys van leuses","Hoofstede in Afrika","Pretoria"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"af","wgPageContentLanguage":"af","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Pretoria","wgRelevantArticleId":249,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["autoconfirmed"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"af","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"af"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":-25.746111111111112,"lon":28.188055555555557},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true, "wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3926","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"}; RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Montage_of_Pretoria.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1867"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Montage_of_Pretoria.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1244"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="996"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Pretoria - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//af.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (af)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//af.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.af"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atoomvoer" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Pretoria rootpage-Pretoria skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Gaan na inhoud</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofkieslys" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hoofkieslys</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofkieslys</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" title="Besoek die Tuisblad [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Tuisblad</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gebruikersportaal" title="Meer oor die projek, wat jy kan doen, nuttige skakels"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Geselshoekie" title="Agtergrondinligting oor aktuele sake"><span>Geselshoekie</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings" title="'n Lys van onlangse wysigings [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Onlangse wysigings</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Lukraak" title="Laai 'n lukrake bladsye [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Lukrake bladsy</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Vind meer uit oor iets"><span>Hulp</span></a></li><li id="n-Sandput" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandput"><span>Sandput</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-af.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Soek" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Soek</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Deursoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Deursoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesiaal:Soek"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Soek</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Pretoria" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Pretoria" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Pretoria" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Pretoria" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Geografie subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Klimaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klimaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Klimaat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klimaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administratiewe_stadsgebied" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administratiewe_stadsgebied"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Administratiewe stadsgebied</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administratiewe_stadsgebied-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Geskiedenis subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vroeë_geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vroeë_geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Vroeë geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vroeë_geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hoofstad_van_die_Zuid-Afrikaansche_Republiek_(ZAR)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hoofstad_van_die_Zuid-Afrikaansche_Republiek_(ZAR)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Hoofstad van die Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (ZAR)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hoofstad_van_die_Zuid-Afrikaansche_Republiek_(ZAR)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hoofstad_van_Suid-Afrika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hoofstad_van_Suid-Afrika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Hoofstad van Suid-Afrika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hoofstad_van_Suid-Afrika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastruktuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastruktuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Infrastruktuur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastruktuur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Infrastruktuur subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastruktuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historiese_ontwikkeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiese_ontwikkeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Historiese ontwikkeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historiese_ontwikkeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moderne_ontwikkeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderne_ontwikkeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Moderne ontwikkeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moderne_ontwikkeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vervoer</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vervoer-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Vervoer subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Spoorvervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spoorvervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Spoorvervoer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spoorvervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lugvervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lugvervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Lugvervoer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lugvervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jakarandastad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jakarandastad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Jakarandastad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jakarandastad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Demografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Demografie subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historiese_ontwikkeling_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiese_ontwikkeling_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Historiese ontwikkeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historiese_ontwikkeling_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Joodse_gemeenskap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Joodse_gemeenskap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Joodse gemeenskap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Joodse_gemeenskap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boeddhistiese_gemeenskap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boeddhistiese_gemeenskap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Boeddhistiese gemeenskap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boeddhistiese_gemeenskap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomiese_basis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomiese_basis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ekonomiese basis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomiese_basis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Onderwys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Onderwys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Onderwys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Onderwys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Besienswaardighede" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Besienswaardighede"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Besienswaardighede</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Besienswaardighede-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Besienswaardighede subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Besienswaardighede-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kerkplein" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kerkplein"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Kerkplein</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kerkplein-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nasionale_Botaniese_Tuin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nasionale_Botaniese_Tuin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Nasionale Botaniese Tuin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nasionale_Botaniese_Tuin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erasmuskasteel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erasmuskasteel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Erasmuskasteel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erasmuskasteel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ander_besienswaardighede" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ander_besienswaardighede"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Ander besienswaardighede</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ander_besienswaardighede-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Godsdienstige_geboue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Godsdienstige_geboue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4.1</span> <span>Godsdienstige geboue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Godsdienstige_geboue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kunsgalerye_en_museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kunsgalerye_en_museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4.2</span> <span>Kunsgalerye en museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kunsgalerye_en_museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parke_en_natuurgebiede" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parke_en_natuurgebiede"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4.3</span> <span>Parke en natuurgebiede</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parke_en_natuurgebiede-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teaters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teaters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4.4</span> <span>Teaters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teaters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Winkelsentrums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Winkelsentrums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Winkelsentrums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Winkelsentrums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Susterstede" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Susterstede"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Susterstede</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Susterstede-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sien_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sien_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Sien ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sien_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Bronne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pretoria</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 163 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-163" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">163 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Преториа – Abkasies" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Преториа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkasies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%95%E1%88%AA%E1%89%B6%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%AB" title="ፕሪቶሪያ – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፕሪቶሪያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بريتوريا – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بريتوريا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="پريطوريا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="پريطوريا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بريتوريا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بريتوريا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoriya" title="Pretoriya – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pretoriya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="پرتوریا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پرتوریا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Претория – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Претория" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Прэторыя – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прэторыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Прэторыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Прэторыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Претория – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Претория" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="প্রিটোরিয়া – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রিটোরিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="ཕི་རི་ཐོ་རི་ཡ། – Tibettaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཕི་རི་ཐོ་རི་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibettaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pret%C3%B2ria" title="Pretòria – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pretòria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Претори – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Претори" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria_(ulohang_dakbayan)" title="Pretoria (ulohang dakbayan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pretoria (ulohang dakbayan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8E%D8%AA%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="پرێتۆریا – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پرێتۆریا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretorie" title="Pretorie – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pretorie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Πρετόρια – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρετόρια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretorio" title="Pretorio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pretorio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="پرتوریا – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرتوریا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="פרטוריה – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרטוריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="प्रिटोरिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रिटोरिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Oppersorbies" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Պրետորիա – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պրետորիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretor%C3%ADa" title="Pretoría – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pretoría" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AC%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2" title="プレトリア – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プレトリア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="პრეტორია – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პრეტორია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretooriyaa" title="Pretooriyaa – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pretooriyaa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Kongolees" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongolees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Претория – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Претория" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%ED%86%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="프리토리아 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프리토리아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Претория – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Претория" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praetoria" title="Praetoria – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Praetoria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Lingaals" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretorija" title="Pretorija – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pretorija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretorija" title="Pretorija – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pretorija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Претория – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Претория" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Преторий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Преторий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirit%C5%8Dria" title="Piritōria – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Piritōria" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Преторија – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Преторија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="പ്രിട്ടോറിയ – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രിട്ടോറിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Преториа – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Преториа" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="प्रिटोरिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्रिटोरिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="پرتوریا – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پرتوریا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="प्रिटोरीया – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="प्रिटोरीया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Noord-Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsindiit%C5%82%CA%BC%C3%AD%C3%ADsh%C3%AD" title="Tsindiitłʼííshí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsindiitłʼííshí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pret%C3%B2ria" title="Pretòria – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pretòria" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretourii" title="Pretourii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Pretourii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Претори – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Претори" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਪ੍ਰਿਟੋਰੀਆ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪ੍ਰਿਟੋਰੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="پریٹوریا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پریٹوریا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="پرتوریا – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پرتوریا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pret%C3%B3ria" title="Pretória – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pretória" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priturya" title="Priturya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Priturya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Претория – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Претория" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pret%C3%B2ria" title="Pretòria – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Pretòria" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%BD%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="پريٽوريا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پريٽوريا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Noord-Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pret%C3%B3ria" title="Pretória – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pretória" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretorija" title="Pretorija – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pretorija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Somalies" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Преторија – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Преторија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitoli" title="Pitoli – Swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Pitoli" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="பிரிட்டோரியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரிட்டோரியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="ప్రిటోరియా – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ప్రిటోరియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Претория – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Претория" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="พริทอเรีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พริทอเรีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretorija" title="Pretorija – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Pretorija" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitori" title="Pitori – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Pitori" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretori%C3%A4" title="Pretoriä – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Pretoriä" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Претория – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Претория" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9toriye" title="Prétoriye – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Prétoriye" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Преторія – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Преторія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="پریٹوریا – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پریٹوریا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoriya" title="Pretoriya – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pretoriya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretorii" title="Pretorii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Pretorii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%8B%92%E9%99%80%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="比勒陀利亚 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="比勒陀利亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-Pitoli" title="E-Pitoli – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="E-Pitoli" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="პრეტორია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პრეტორია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%8B%92%E9%99%80%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="比勒陀利亞 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="比勒陀利亞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pretoria" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E6%89%98%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E" title="普利托里亞 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="普利托里亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPitoli" title="IPitoli – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IPitoli" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3926#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Pretoria" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pretoria"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pretoria&action=edit" title="Hierdie bladsy is beskerm. U kan die bronteks besigtig. [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wys bronteks</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pretoria&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pretoria"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pretoria&action=edit"><span>Wys bronteks</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pretoria&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Pretoria" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Pretoria" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pretoria&oldid=2673031" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pretoria&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Pretoria&id=2673031&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPretoria"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPretoria"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Pretoria"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pretoria&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pretoria&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pretoria" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3926" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geografiese_ko%C3%B6rdinatestelsel" title="Geografiese koördinatestelsel">Koördinate</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pretoria&language=af&params=25_44_46_S_28_11_17_O_type:city_region:ZA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek"><span class="latitude">25°44′46″S</span> <span class="longitude">28°11′17″O</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek">25.74611°S 28.18806°O</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-25.74611; 28.18806</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22em;width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Pretoria</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold;"><div class="category">Stad</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Montage_of_Pretoria.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kloksgewys van links-bo: Pretoria-stadskern, Voortrekkermonument, Kerkplein, Paleis van Justisie, Loftus Versfeld, Admingebou van die Universiteit van Pretoria en die Uniegebou."><img alt="Kloksgewys van links-bo: Pretoria-stadskern, Voortrekkermonument, Kerkplein, Paleis van Justisie, Loftus Versfeld, Admingebou van die Universiteit van Pretoria en die Uniegebou." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Montage_of_Pretoria.jpg/250px-Montage_of_Pretoria.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="389" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Montage_of_Pretoria.jpg/375px-Montage_of_Pretoria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Montage_of_Pretoria.jpg/500px-Montage_of_Pretoria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="924" /></a></span><div style="padding:0.4em 0 0 0;">Kloksgewys van links-bo: Pretoria-stadskern, <a href="/wiki/Voortrekkermonument" title="Voortrekkermonument">Voortrekkermonument</a>, Kerkplein, Paleis van Justisie, <a href="/wiki/Loftus_Versfeld" title="Loftus Versfeld">Loftus Versfeld</a>, Admingebou van die <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Pretoria" title="Universiteit van Pretoria">Universiteit van Pretoria</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Uniegebou" title="Uniegebou">Uniegebou</a>.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="maptable" style="text-align:center"><div style="display:table; width:100%; background:none;"> <div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Pretoria,_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Pretoria"><img alt="Vlag van Pretoria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Pretoria%2C_South_Africa.svg/100px-Flag_of_Pretoria%2C_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Pretoria%2C_South_Africa.svg/150px-Flag_of_Pretoria%2C_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Pretoria%2C_South_Africa.svg/200px-Flag_of_Pretoria%2C_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div style="padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 0;">Vlag</div></div><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Coat_of_arms_of_Pretoria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wapen van Pretoria"><img alt="Wapen van Pretoria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Coat_of_arms_of_Pretoria.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Pretoria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Coat_of_arms_of_Pretoria.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Pretoria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Coat_of_arms_of_Pretoria.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Pretoria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="642" /></a></span><div style="padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 0;">Wapen</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Byname: <div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jakarandastad</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Leuse(s): <div style="display:inline" class="nickname"><i>Præstantia Prævaleat Prætoria</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Latyn" title="Latyn">Latyn</a> vir: "Mag Pretoria toonaangewend in uitnemendheid wees")</i></small></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2326688">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0%;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:South_Africa_Gauteng_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pretoria is in Gauteng"><img alt="Pretoria is in Gauteng" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/South_Africa_Gauteng_location_map.svg/250px-South_Africa_Gauteng_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/South_Africa_Gauteng_location_map.svg/375px-South_Africa_Gauteng_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/South_Africa_Gauteng_location_map.svg/500px-South_Africa_Gauteng_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1061" data-file-height="1046" /></a></span><div class="od" style="top:37.306%;left:52.803%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Pretoria"><img alt="Pretoria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;left:4px"><div>Pretoria</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span> Pretoria se ligging in Gauteng</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Koördinate: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pretoria&language=af&params=25_44_46_S_28_11_17_O_type:city_region:ZA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek"><span class="latitude">25°44′46″S</span> <span class="longitude">28°11′17″O</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kaarte, lugfoto's, en ander data vir hierdie plek">25.74611°S 28.18806°O</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-25.74611; 28.18806</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Land</th><td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Suid-Afrika"><img alt="Vlag van Suid-Afrika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/22px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/33px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/44px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Provinsies_van_Suid-Afrika" title="Provinsies van Suid-Afrika">Provinsie</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Gauteng" title="Gauteng">Gauteng</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Munisipaliteit" title="Munisipaliteit">Munisipaliteit</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Stad_Tshwane_Metropolitaanse_Munisipaliteit" title="Stad Tshwane Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit">Stad Tshwane</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Stigting</th><td><a href="/wiki/16_November" title="16 November">16 November</a> <a href="/wiki/1855" title="1855">1855</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Regering<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <a href="/wiki/Burgemeester" title="Burgemeester">Burgemeester</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Cilliers_Brink" title="Cilliers Brink">Cilliers Brink</a> (<a href="/wiki/Demokratiese_Alliansie" title="Demokratiese Alliansie">DA</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Oppervlak<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><sup id="cite_ref-census2011_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Stad</th><td>687,54 km<sup>2</sup> (265,46 vk. myl)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Metro<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td>6 298 km<sup>2</sup> (2 432 vk. myl)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Hoogte<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td>1 339 m (4 393 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Bevolking<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2011)<sup id="cite_ref-census2011_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Stad</th><td>741 651</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Digtheid</th><td>1 079/km<sup>2</sup> (2 790/vk. myl)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropool" title="Metropool">Metro</a><div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td>2 921 488</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • Metrodigtheid</th><td>460/km<sup>2</sup> (1 200/vk. myl)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Demoniem" title="Demoniem">Demoniem(e)</a></th><td>Pretorianer</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Rasverdeling <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2011)</span><div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><sup id="cite_ref-census2011_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wit_Suid-Afrikaners" title="Wit Suid-Afrikaners">Wit mense</a></span></th><td>52,5%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Asiatiese_Suid-Afrikaners" title="Asiatiese Suid-Afrikaners">Indiërs/Asiërs</a></span></th><td>1,9%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bruin_mense" title="Bruin mense">Bruin mense</a></span></th><td>2,5%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Swart_mense" title="Swart mense">Swart mense</a></span></th><td>42,0%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;">Ander</span></th><td>1,2%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left">Taal <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2011)</span><div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><sup id="cite_ref-census2011_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> </span></th><td>47,7%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a> </span></th><td>16,4%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Noord-Sotho_(taal)" title="Noord-Sotho (taal)">Noord-Sotho</a> </span></th><td>8,0%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tswana" title="Tswana">Tswana</a> </span></th><td>5,4%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;">Ander </span></th><td>22,5%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Poskode" title="Poskode">Poskode</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(strate)</span></th><td class="adr"><div class="postal-code">0002</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Poskode" title="Poskode">Poskode</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(posbusse)</span></th><td class="adr"><div class="postal-code">0001</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row">Skakelkode</th><td>012</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Webwerf</th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tshwane.gov.za/">Tshwane-munisipaliteit</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pretoria</b> (<a href="/wiki/Suid-Ndebele" title="Suid-Ndebele">Suid-Ndebele</a>: <i>iPitori</i>) is (as die administratiewe hoofstad) een van die drie hoofstede van die <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Republiek van Suid-Afrika</a> en is geleë in die provinsie <a href="/wiki/Gauteng" title="Gauteng">Gauteng</a>, ongeveer 50 km noord van <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>. Die stadsgebied word deurkruis deur die <a href="/wiki/Magaliesberg" title="Magaliesberg">Magaliesbergreeks</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Pr%C3%A9toria-skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Pr%C3%A9toria-skyline.jpg/220px-Pr%C3%A9toria-skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Pr%C3%A9toria-skyline.jpg/330px-Pr%C3%A9toria-skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Pr%C3%A9toria-skyline.jpg/440px-Pr%C3%A9toria-skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2487" data-file-height="1866" /></a><figcaption>Pretoria se stadshorison</figcaption></figure> <p>Pretoria is op 16 November 1855<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> deur die <a href="/wiki/Voortrekkers" title="Voortrekkers">Voortrekkers</a> gestig en het in 1860 die hoofstad van die <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Afrikaansche_Republiek" title="Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek">Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek</a> (ZAR) geword en in 1910 <a href="/wiki/Transvaal" title="Transvaal">Transvaal</a> ook die nuutgestigte <a href="/wiki/Unie_van_Suid-Afrika" title="Unie van Suid-Afrika">Unie van Suid-Afrika</a> se uitvoerende hoofstad geword. <a href="/wiki/Kaapstad" title="Kaapstad">Kaapstad</a> is sedert 1910 die wetgewende hoofstad en <a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a> die geregtelike hoofstad. </p><p>In vergelyking met die naburige Johannesburg het Pretoria, wat eers in 1931 stadstatus verkry het, teen 'n stadiger tempo gegroei. Eers toe die <a href="/wiki/Nasionale_Party" title="Nasionale Party">Nasionale Party</a> in 1948 aan bewind gekom het, het Pretoria gaandeweg in belangrikheid toegeneem. Die stad dien tans oorwegend as 'n administratiewe sentrum, en die plaaslike dienstesektor verskaf die meeste werkgeleenthede. Nogtans beskik Pretoria oor 'n nywerheidsbasis, wat veral op die yster- en staalbedryf, asook motorvervaardiging steun, en dien daarnaas as 'n spoorwegsentrum. </p><p>Pretoria se tersiêre opvoedingsinstellings sluit die <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Suid-Afrika" title="Universiteit van Suid-Afrika">Universiteit van Suid-Afrika</a> (gestig in 1873 en tans een van die vernaamste instellings ter wêreld vir afstandsonderwys), die <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Pretoria" title="Universiteit van Pretoria">Universiteit van Pretoria</a> (gestig in 1908) en die <a href="/wiki/Tshwane-Universiteit_vir_Tegnologie" title="Tshwane-Universiteit vir Tegnologie">Tshwane-Universiteit vir Tegnologie</a> in. </p><p>Sedert 2000 vorm Pretoria deel van die <a href="/wiki/Stad_Tshwane_Metropolitaanse_Munisipaliteit" title="Stad Tshwane Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit">Stad Tshwane Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit</a>. Op 7 Maart 2005 het die Stad Tshwane Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit onder gesag van die ANC in 'n vergadering besluit om die Stad Tshwane formeel as 'n geografiese pleknaam te registreer op die databasis van die <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrikaanse_Geografiese_Nameraad" title="Suid-Afrikaanse Geografiese Nameraad">Suid-Afrikaanse Geografiese Nameraad</a> (SAGNR) in terme van die SAGNR Wet 118 van 1998. Sedertdien was die vorige Tshwane metroraad in 'n omstrede <a href="/wiki/Pretoria-Tshwanenaamverandering" title="Pretoria-Tshwanenaamverandering">proses betrokke om Tshwane</a> as die amptelike en enigste naam van die stad te vestig.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Augustus 2007 het die <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrikaanse_Geografiese_Nameraad" title="Suid-Afrikaanse Geografiese Nameraad">Suid-Afrikaanse Geografiese Nameraad</a> egter bevestig dat Pretoria se naam nie verander sal word nie. Tot in 2024 is die stad se amptelike naam nie verander nie en dit blyk nou al meer onwaarskynlik dat dit hoegenaamd nog sal gebeur. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologie">Etimologie</h2></div> <p>In 1855 is Pretoria gestig deur <a href="/wiki/Marthinus_Wessel_Pretorius" title="Marthinus Wessel Pretorius">Marthinus Pretorius</a>, 'n <a href="/wiki/Voortrekkers" title="Voortrekkers">Voortrekkerleier</a>, en hy het dit na sy vader, <a href="/wiki/Andries_Pretorius" title="Andries Pretorius">Andries Pretorius</a>, genoem. Ander name was <i>Pretoria Philadelphia</i>, <i>Pretorium</i> en <i>Pretoriusdorp</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie">Geografie</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Magaliesberg08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Magaliesberg08.jpg/220px-Magaliesberg08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Magaliesberg08.jpg/330px-Magaliesberg08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Magaliesberg08.jpg/440px-Magaliesberg08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1590" data-file-height="1044" /></a><figcaption>Pretoria word deur die <a href="/wiki/Magaliesberg" title="Magaliesberg">Magaliesbergreeks</a> deurkruis</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Pretoria_SBD,_a,_vanaf_Fort_Wonderboom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Pretoria_SBD%2C_a%2C_vanaf_Fort_Wonderboom.jpg/220px-Pretoria_SBD%2C_a%2C_vanaf_Fort_Wonderboom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Pretoria_SBD%2C_a%2C_vanaf_Fort_Wonderboom.jpg/330px-Pretoria_SBD%2C_a%2C_vanaf_Fort_Wonderboom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Pretoria_SBD%2C_a%2C_vanaf_Fort_Wonderboom.jpg/440px-Pretoria_SBD%2C_a%2C_vanaf_Fort_Wonderboom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Die sentrale besigheidsdistrik van Pretoria soos gesien vanaf Fort Wonderboom</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Pretoria_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Pretoria_Panorama.jpg/220px-Pretoria_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Pretoria_Panorama.jpg/330px-Pretoria_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Pretoria_Panorama.jpg/440px-Pretoria_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="946" /></a><figcaption>Uitsig vanaf <a href="/wiki/Klapperkop" class="mw-redirect" title="Klapperkop">Klapperkop</a> na die <a href="/wiki/SABS" class="mw-redirect" title="SABS">SABS</a>-kantore, die koshuise van Tuks se <a href="/wiki/Groenkloof" title="Groenkloof">Groenkloofkampus</a>, die Lukasrandtoring en die middestad van Pretoria</figcaption></figure> <p>Pretoria is in die noordooste van die provinsie Gauteng geleë, sowat 56 km noord van Johannesburg en 260 km wes van <a href="/wiki/Nelspruit" title="Nelspruit">Nelspruit</a> af. Pretoria lê 1 339 meter<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bo <a href="/wiki/Seevlak" title="Seevlak">seevlak</a> in 'n warm, beskermde en vrugbare vallei wat deur die berge van die <a href="/wiki/Magaliesberg" title="Magaliesberg">Magaliesbergreeks</a> omring word. Pretoria is 'n baie aangename en kosmopolitiese stad, geleë in die oorgangsgebied tussen die <a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%ABveld" title="Hoëveld">Hoëveld</a>- en die <a href="/wiki/Bosveld" title="Bosveld">Bosveld</a>-gebiede. As gevolg van sy ligging het Pretoria 'n besonder ryk <a href="/wiki/Vo%C3%ABl" title="Voël">voëllewe</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klimaat">Klimaat</h3></div> <p>Pretoria het 'n <a href="/wiki/Subtropiese_klimaat" title="Subtropiese klimaat">subtropiese klimaat</a> met warm, vogtige <a href="/wiki/Somer" title="Somer">somers</a> en gematigde, droë <a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">winters</a>. Daar word 'n gemiddelde 300 sonskyndae per jaar in Pretoria aangeteken. </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="color:black;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14" style="background-color:#eeeeee; text-align:center; font-size:90%;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Weergegewens vir Pretoria</span> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;"> <th>Maand </th> <th title="Januarie" style="width:3em">Jan </th> <th title="Februarie" style="width:3em">Feb </th> <th title="Maart" style="width:3em">Mar </th> <th title="April" style="width:3em">Apr </th> <th title="Mei" style="width:3em">Mei </th> <th title="Junie" style="width:3em">Jun </th> <th title="Julie" style="width:3em">Jul </th> <th title="Augustus" style="width:3em">Aug </th> <th title="September" style="width:3em">Sep </th> <th title="Oktober" style="width:3em">Okt </th> <th title="November" style="width:3em">Nov </th> <th title="Desember" style="width:3em">Des </th> <th style="width:4em; border-left-width:medium;">Jaar </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee; white-space:nowrap;">Hoogste maksimum (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #E00000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">36,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #E00000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">36,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #E00000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">34,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF0000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">32,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF2000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">29,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">25,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">25,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF2000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">28,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF0000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">33,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #E00000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">34,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #E00000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">35,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #E00000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">35,0 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #E00000; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">36,3 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Gemiddelde maksimum (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF2000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">28,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">28,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">26,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">24,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">21,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">18,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">19,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">22,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">25,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">26,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">27,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">28,0 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">24,7 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Gemiddelde temperatuur (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">22,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">22,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">21,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">17,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">14,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">11,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">11,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">14,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">18,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">20,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">21,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">21,9 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">18,2 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Gemiddelde minimum (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">17,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">17,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">16,1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">12,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">4,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">4,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">7,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">11,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">14,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">15,8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">16,8 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">12,3 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Laagste minimum (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">10,9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">11,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">5,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">3,5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">0,7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−1,4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−0,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">−1,2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">2,3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">3,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">6,6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">6,5 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">−1,4 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" height="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Neerslag (mm) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #0000B4; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">135 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #6478FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">76 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #6478FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">79 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">54 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #DCF0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">13 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #C8DCFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">20 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #6478FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">72 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #283CFF; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">101 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #283CFF; color:#FFFFFF; font-size:85%;">108 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background-color: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">673 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Sonskynure (<a href="/wiki/Uur" title="Uur">u</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dag" title="Dag">d</a>) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,41 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,40 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,19 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,19 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">9,12 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">9,03 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">9,33 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">9,51 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">9,48 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,88 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,45 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,77 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;; border-left-width:medium;"><b>8,8</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Reëndae (<a href="/wiki/Dag" title="Dag">d</a>) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #5064FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">11 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #DCF0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #F0FFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #DCF0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #6478FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #5064FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">11 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;; border-left-width:medium;"><b>65</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Humiditeit" title="Humiditeit">Humiditeit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Persentasie" title="Persentasie">%</a>) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">62 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">63 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">63 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">63 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">56 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">54 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">50 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">45 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #A0B4FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">44 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">52 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">59 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">61 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;; border-left-width:medium;"><b>56 </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:88%; background-color:#F5F5F5; color:black;"><i>Bron: NOAA Pretoria gemiddelde klimaat 1961–1990<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA-PTA_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-PTA-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administratiewe_stadsgebied">Administratiewe stadsgebied</h3></div> <p>Die Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit Stad Tshwane, wat op 5 Desember 2000 gestig is, het 'n oppervlakte van 2 199 vierkante kilometer en sluit naas Pretoria ook talle dorpe in sy metropolitaanse gebied in, waaronder <a href="/wiki/Centurion" title="Centurion">Centurion</a> (vroeër Verwoerdburg), <a href="/wiki/Akasia" title="Akasia">Akasia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soshanguve" title="Soshanguve">Soshanguve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mabopane" title="Mabopane">Mabopane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atteridgeville" title="Atteridgeville">Atteridgeville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ga-Rankuwa" title="Ga-Rankuwa">Ga-Rankuwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winterveld" title="Winterveld">Winterveld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hammanskraal" title="Hammanskraal">Hammanskraal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temba" title="Temba">Temba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pienaarsrivier_(dorpie)" title="Pienaarsrivier (dorpie)">Pienaarsrivier</a>, Krokodilrivier en <a href="/wiki/Mamelodi" title="Mamelodi">Mamelodi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vroeë_geskiedenis"><span id="Vroe.C3.AB_geskiedenis"></span>Vroeë geskiedenis</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Church_street_1881.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Church_street_1881.jpg/220px-Church_street_1881.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Church_street_1881.jpg/330px-Church_street_1881.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Church_street_1881.jpg/440px-Church_street_1881.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1079" /></a><figcaption>Pretoria se <a href="/wiki/Kerkstraat,_Pretoria" title="Kerkstraat, Pretoria">Kerkstraat</a> in 1881</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Hotel_de_ville_de_Pretoria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Hotel_de_ville_de_Pretoria.jpg/220px-Hotel_de_ville_de_Pretoria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Hotel_de_ville_de_Pretoria.jpg/330px-Hotel_de_ville_de_Pretoria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Hotel_de_ville_de_Pretoria.jpg/440px-Hotel_de_ville_de_Pretoria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="823" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption>'n Standbeeld van <a href="/wiki/Andries_Pretorius" title="Andries Pretorius">Andries Pretorius</a> voor die <a href="/wiki/Stadsaal_van_Pretoria" title="Stadsaal van Pretoria">Stadsaal van Pretoria</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Die eerste setlaars in die gebied van die huidige Pretoria was lede van die Nguni-stam, wat later as <a href="/wiki/Ndebele_(persoon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ndebele (persoon)">Ndebele</a> (letterlik "vlugtelinge") of Matabele bekend gestaan het. Enkele honderd jaar lank het hulle die vrugbare <a href="/wiki/Apiesrivier" title="Apiesrivier">Apiesrivierstreek</a> as veetelers bewoon voordat <a href="/wiki/Zoeloes" title="Zoeloes">Zoeloe</a>-krygers met hul aanvalle in die vroeë <a href="/wiki/19de_eeu" title="19de eeu">19de eeu</a> verwoesting in die gebied gesaai het. Baie Nguni is in dié aanvalle dood, terwyl die oorlewendes noordwaarts gevlug en hulle in die gebied van die huidige <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> gevestig het. Die streek was vervolgens tydelik onbewoon.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Volgens historiese dokumente het <a href="/wiki/Voortrekker" class="mw-redirect" title="Voortrekker">Voortrekkergesinne</a> soos die <a href="/wiki/Van_der_Walt" title="Van der Walt">Van der Walts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prinsloo" title="Prinsloo">Prinsloos</a> en Bronkhorsts hulle in die periode tussen 1832 en 1842 in die <a href="/wiki/Fonteinedal" title="Fonteinedal">Fonteinedal</a> gevestig – gelyktydig het ook die eerste <a href="/wiki/Tswanas" title="Tswanas">Tswana</a>-setlaars na die Pretoriagebied gekom.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die broers Lucas en Gert Bronkhorst was die eerste boere in die gebied wat op die plase <a href="/wiki/Groenkloof" title="Groenkloof">Groenkloof</a> en <a href="/wiki/Elandspoort" title="Elandspoort">Elandspoort</a> geboer het. Die eerste huis in die gebied is deur J.G.S. Bronkhorst in 1840 in die Fonteinedal opgerig. </p><p>'n Aantal <a href="/wiki/Afrikaner" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaner">Afrikanergesinne</a> het hulle rondom die nabygeleë dorp Elandspoort gevestig. Die plaaslike bewoners het hul dorp in 1854, twee jaar nadat die <a href="/wiki/Sandrivierkonvensie" title="Sandrivierkonvensie">Sandrivierkonvensie</a> die onafhanklikheid van die gebied noord van die <a href="/wiki/Vaalrivier" title="Vaalrivier">Vaalrivier</a> bevestig het, tot kerkplaas van Sentraal-Transvaal laat verklaar. Elandspoort het sodoende 'n belangrike plek vir nagmale, dope en huwelike geword. Die Voortrekkerleier kommandant-generaal <a href="/wiki/Marthinus_Wessel_Pretorius" title="Marthinus Wessel Pretorius">Marthinus Wessel Pretorius</a> het land in die Apiesriviervallei aangekoop wat daarna deur die regering van die ZAR oorgeneem is, met die voorneme om hier 'n permanente gebou vir die Boererepubliek se Volksraad te vestig; dit was immers reeds voorspelbaar dat hier 'n beduidende nedersetting sou ontstaan. </p><p>Pretoria is in 1855 deur M. W. Pretorius amptelik as Pretoria Philadelphia ("Die Broederskap van Pretoria") gestig en na sy vader <a href="/wiki/Andries_Pretorius" title="Andries Pretorius">Andries Pretorius</a> genoem, wat ná sy oorwinning oor die <a href="/wiki/Zoeloes" title="Zoeloes">Zoeloes</a> in die <a href="/wiki/Slag_van_Bloedrivier" title="Slag van Bloedrivier">Slag van Bloedrivier</a> as 'n volksheld vereer is. Andries Pretorius het ook 'n belangrike rol by die onderhandelinge met <a href="/wiki/Groot-Brittanje" title="Groot-Brittanje">Groot-Brittanje</a> gespeel, wat in 1852 met die ooreenkoms van Sandrivier tot die onafhanklikheid van Transvaal onder die nuwe naam Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek gelei het. </p><p>Die dorp het destyds uit sowat tagtig huise met 'n bevolking van 300 bestaan. In 1856 het 'n raadgewer van die president, <a href="/wiki/Andries_du_Toit" title="Andries du Toit">Andries du Toit</a>, een van sy <a href="/wiki/Basotho" title="Basotho">Basotho</a>-<a href="/wiki/Perd" title="Perd">ponies</a> teen die hele gebied van die huidige <a href="/wiki/Voorstad" title="Voorstad">voorstad</a> <a href="/wiki/Arcadia,_Pretoria" title="Arcadia, Pretoria">Arcadia</a> geruil. Vir die volgende twee jaar was hy besig met die opmeting van sy besit. Die gebied is deur Stephanus Meintjies ontwikkel, en 'n nabygeleë koppie, <a href="/wiki/Meintjieskop" title="Meintjieskop">Meintjieskop</a>, is na hom vernoem. Die destydse dorpsgebied het van Potgieterstraat in die weste tot by Prinsloostraat in die ooste en van Boomstraat in die noorde tot by Scheidingstraat in die suide gestrek. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hoofstad_van_die_Zuid-Afrikaansche_Republiek_(ZAR)"><span id="Hoofstad_van_die_Zuid-Afrikaansche_Republiek_.28ZAR.29"></span>Hoofstad van die Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (ZAR)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Kerkstraat,_Pretoria_1890s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/c/c1/Kerkstraat%2C_Pretoria_1890s.jpg/220px-Kerkstraat%2C_Pretoria_1890s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/c/c1/Kerkstraat%2C_Pretoria_1890s.jpg/330px-Kerkstraat%2C_Pretoria_1890s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/c/c1/Kerkstraat%2C_Pretoria_1890s.jpg/440px-Kerkstraat%2C_Pretoria_1890s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="829" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Pretoria se Kerkstraat, 1890's</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Melrose_house_SA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Melrose_house_SA.jpg/220px-Melrose_house_SA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Melrose_house_SA.jpg/330px-Melrose_house_SA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Melrose_house_SA.jpg/440px-Melrose_house_SA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1656" data-file-height="1242" /></a><figcaption>Melrose-huis net oorkant Burgerspark</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:00000-Pretoria_City_Hall-s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/00000-Pretoria_City_Hall-s.jpg/220px-00000-Pretoria_City_Hall-s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/00000-Pretoria_City_Hall-s.jpg/330px-00000-Pretoria_City_Hall-s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/00000-Pretoria_City_Hall-s.jpg/440px-00000-Pretoria_City_Hall-s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1137" /></a><figcaption>Die Stadsaal is in 1935 ingewy – vier jaar nadat Pretoria stadstatus verwerf het</figcaption></figure> <p>Pretoria het op 1 Mei 1860 die hoofstad van die ZAR geword en is tydens die <a href="/wiki/Eerste_Vryheidsoorlog" title="Eerste Vryheidsoorlog">Eerste Vryheidsoorlog</a> tussen Desember 1880 en Maart 1881 deur Britse troepe beleër. </p><p>George Heys, 'n boorling van Durban en geesdriftige sakeman wat hom in 1879 in Pretoria gevestig het, het in 1882 sy koetsvoerdiens <i>Express Saloon Coach Service</i> gestig. Die koetse het van Kerkplein op drie hoofroetes na <a href="/wiki/Kimberley" title="Kimberley">Kimberley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barberton" title="Barberton">Barberton</a> en <a href="/wiki/Polokwane" title="Polokwane">Pietersburg</a> vertrek. Die <i>Abbot-Downing</i>-koetse, wat Heys ingespan het, was handgemaak en is van <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> in die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Verenigde State">Verenigde State</a> ingevoer. Destyds is die koetse, waarvan elkeen agtien tot twintig passasiers en tot drie en 'n halwe ton posstukke kon vervoer, deur feitlik alle belangrike koetsmaatskappye gebruik.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die kaartjie vir 'n koetsreis was allesbehalwe goedkoop – die span van tien perde moes elke tien tot vyftien myl vervang word. Die reis tussen Pretoria en Johannesburg het destyds ongeveer vyf uur geduur – mits die koets nie in die <a href="/wiki/Sesmylspruit" title="Sesmylspruit">Sesmylspruit</a> of die <a href="/wiki/Jukskeirivier" title="Jukskeirivier">Jukskeirivier</a> vasgeval het nie.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> George Heys se vervoersaak het ook 'n kontrak met die posmeester-generaal van die ZAR, Nicolaas van Alphen, gehad, maar dit het met die aankoms van die eerste trein uit Kaapstad op Pretoria se stasie ten einde geloop. Heys was nogtans 'n welgestelde man en het in 1884 besluit om 'n statige herehuis, Melrose Villa (wat later <a href="/wiki/Melrose-Huis" class="mw-redirect" title="Melrose-Huis">Melrose-Huis</a> genoem is), in Maréstraat (later Jacob Maréstraat) vir homself en sy gesin te laat bou. Planne vir die spoghuis is opgetrek deur die Londense argitek W.T. Vale. Die Heys-gesin het sy intrek in 1887 geneem en drie jaar later is die villa nog eens vergroot. George Heys is in 1939 tydens 'n besoek aan Engeland oorlede,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> maar sy afstammelinge het nog tot in 1967 hier gewoon. Die herehuis is daarna aan die Pretoriase stadsraad verkoop wat dit gerestoureer en as museum vir die publiek oopgestel het. </p><p>Die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Vryheidsoorlog" title="Tweede Vryheidsoorlog">Tweede Vryheidsoorlog</a>, wat van 1899 tot 1902 tussen die Boererepublieke en die Verenigde Koninkryk gewoed het, het tot die ondergang van die ZAR gelei en 'n tydperk van Britse oorheersing in Suid-Afrika ingelui. Pretoria het op 5 Junie 1900 gekapituleer en is vervolgens deur troepe onder die bevel van lord <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sleigh_Roberts" title="Frederick Sleigh Roberts">Frederick Sleigh Roberts</a> ingeneem. Lord Roberts het van die Sikhs, wat hom op sy veldtogte in Indië bygestaan het, saamgebring na Pretoria en in Melrose-huis ingetrek. Die huis het ook die hoofkwartier van die Britse leër in die stad geword, terwyl die half voltooide Paleis van Justisie in 'n militêre hospitaal vir gewonde soldate omgeskep is. Met die ondertekening van die <a href="/wiki/Verdrag_van_Vereeniging" title="Verdrag van Vereeniging">Vredesooreenkoms van Vereeniging</a> in die eetkamer van Melrose-huis is die oorlog kort voor middernag op 31 Mei 1902 in Pretoria amptelik beëindig. </p><p>George Heys het saam met sy vriende, waaronder die sakelui Edmund en George Bourke, 'n baie belangrike rol in die ekonomiese, professionele, politieke en sosiale lewe van Pretoria gespeel.<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald_1987,_bl._37_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonald_1987,_bl._37-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almal het goeie betrekkinge met president Paul Kruger gehandhaaf en talle liefdadige geskenke aan die stad gemaak, waaronder 'n verpleeginrigting vir gewonde soldate in 'n klein gebou langs die <i>Staats Model School</i> in Van der Walt Straat (1899), die kerksaal van die Metodiste-kerk in Sunnyside en die klokkespel in die stadhuis in Paul Krugerstraat.<sup id="cite_ref-McDonald_1987,_bl._37_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDonald_1987,_bl._37-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hoofstad_van_Suid-Afrika">Hoofstad van Suid-Afrika</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Wesvleuel_van_die_Uniegebou,_b,_skemerlig.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wesvleuel_van_die_Uniegebou%2C_b%2C_skemerlig.jpg/220px-Wesvleuel_van_die_Uniegebou%2C_b%2C_skemerlig.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wesvleuel_van_die_Uniegebou%2C_b%2C_skemerlig.jpg/330px-Wesvleuel_van_die_Uniegebou%2C_b%2C_skemerlig.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wesvleuel_van_die_Uniegebou%2C_b%2C_skemerlig.jpg/440px-Wesvleuel_van_die_Uniegebou%2C_b%2C_skemerlig.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3812" data-file-height="2769" /></a><figcaption>Wesvleuel van die Uniegebou</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Svgfiles-2016-08-23-13-28-10-799512-7903192702451629801.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Svgfiles-2016-08-23-13-28-10-799512-7903192702451629801.svg/220px-Svgfiles-2016-08-23-13-28-10-799512-7903192702451629801.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Svgfiles-2016-08-23-13-28-10-799512-7903192702451629801.svg/330px-Svgfiles-2016-08-23-13-28-10-799512-7903192702451629801.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Svgfiles-2016-08-23-13-28-10-799512-7903192702451629801.svg/440px-Svgfiles-2016-08-23-13-28-10-799512-7903192702451629801.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a><figcaption>Setels in die stadsraad ná die 2016-verkiesing <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#1F78B4;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/Demokratiese_Alliansie" title="Demokratiese Alliansie">DA</a></p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#33A02C;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">ANC</a></p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#910C0C;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/Ekonomiese_Vryheidsvegters" title="Ekonomiese Vryheidsvegters">EFF</a></p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#FE850D;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/Vryheidsfront_Plus" title="Vryheidsfront Plus">VF+</a></p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#949494;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> Ander</p> </div></figcaption></figure> <p>Die Afrikanerrepublieke ZAR en <a href="/wiki/Oranje-Vrystaat" title="Oranje-Vrystaat">Oranje-Vrystaat</a> is met die <a href="/wiki/Kaapkolonie" title="Kaapkolonie">Kaapkolonie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Natal_(kolonie)" title="Natal (kolonie)">Natal</a> in 1910 verenig in die Unie van Suid-Afrika, met Pretoria as sy administratiewe hoofstad (terwyl Kaapstad die parlementêre en wetgewende hoofstad geword het). In die tydperk tussen 1860 en 1994 het Pretoria ook as die setel van die provinsiale regering van Transvaal gedien. </p><p>Op 14 Oktober 1931 het Pretoria amptelik stadstatus gekry. Danksy die vestiging van akademiese en wetenskaplike instellings word Pretoria ook as die akademiese hoofstad van Suid-Afrika beskou – dit is die tuiste van 'n aantal universiteite en navorsingsinstellings, onder andere die <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Pretoria" title="Universiteit van Pretoria">Universiteit van Pretoria</a>, die Universiteit van Suid-Afrika (UNISA) en die <a href="/wiki/Wetenskaplike_en_Nywerheidnavorsingsraad" title="Wetenskaplike en Nywerheidnavorsingsraad">Wetenskaplike en Nywerheidnavorsingsraad</a> (WNNR). </p><p>Pretoria se <a href="/wiki/Kerkstraat,_Pretoria" title="Kerkstraat, Pretoria">Kerkstraat</a> was een van die teikens van die <a href="/wiki/ANC" class="mw-redirect" title="ANC">ANC</a> se terreuraanvalle in Suid-Afrika in die vroeë 1980's. Op 25 Januarie 1980 het drie ANC-lede in die voorstad Silverton 25 mense as gyselaars aangehou. In ruil vir hulle het die terroriste die vrylating van Nelson Mandela geëis. Al drie ANC-mans en twee blanke vrouens is in die voorval dood. Die <a href="/wiki/Kerkstraat-bomontploffing" title="Kerkstraat-bomontploffing">Kerkstraat-bomontploffing</a> het op 20 Mei 1983 die dood van agtien mense tot gevolg gehad en 217 mense beseer. </p><p>In 'n rassisties gemotiveerde aanval het 'n blanke man, Barend Strydom, op 15 November 1988 vyf swart burgers op Strydomplein doodgeskiet.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Op 24 November 1995 het Pretoria sy eerste swart burgemeester, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Ramokhoase" title="Johannes Ramokhoase">Slo Ramokhoase</a>, gekry. </p><p>Vandag vorm Pretoria staatkundig deel van die Stad Tshwane Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit, één van die drie van Suid-Afrika se agt metropolitaanse gebiede wat in die provinsie Gauteng geleë is. </p><p>Vanaf 19 Augustus 2016 tot 12 Februarie 2019 het <a href="/wiki/Solly_Msimanga" title="Solly Msimanga">Solly Msimanga</a> as burgemeester van Pretoria gedien nadat hy die DA tot 'n oorwinning in die <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrikaanse_munisipale_verkiesing_van_2016" title="Suid-Afrikaanse munisipale verkiesing van 2016">munisipale verkiesing op 3 Augustus 2016</a> gelei het. Die DA vorm 'n koalisieregering met die <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Christen_Demokratiese_Party" title="Afrika Christen Demokratiese Party">Afrika Christen Demokratiese Party</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Vryheidsfront_Plus" title="Vryheidsfront Plus">Vryheidsfront Plus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nadat Solly Msimanga op 18 Januarie 2019 sy kandidatuur tydens die <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrikaanse_algemene_verkiesing_van_2019" title="Suid-Afrikaanse algemene verkiesing van 2019">Suid-Afrikaanse algemene verkiesing van 2019</a> as premier vir Gauteng en sy bedanking as burgemeester vir 11 Februarie 2019 aangekondig het, is Stevens Mokgalapa op 12 Februarie 2019 as sy opvolger gekies.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Op 26 Februarie 2020 het Mokgalapa egter van sy pos uitgetree.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Op 5 Maart 2020 het die provinsiale regering van Gauteng Pretoria onder administrasie geplaas en vervolgens is die raad ontbind. 'n Nuwe raad sou binne 90 dae gekies word.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ná maande se regsuitdagings het op 27 Oktober 2020 die <a href="/wiki/App%C3%A8lhof_van_Suid-Afrika" class="mw-redirect" title="Appèlhof van Suid-Afrika">Appèlhof van Suid-Afrika</a> die besluit van die provinsiale regering omvergewerp. Op 30 Oktober 2020 is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Randall_Williams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Randall Williams (bladsy bestaan nie)">Randall Williams</a> van die DA tot nuwe burgemeester van Pretoria verkies.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Op 13 Februarie 2023 het hy egter sy onmiddellike bedanking as burgemeester aangekondig.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Williams is eers opgevolg deur <a href="/wiki/Murunwa_Makwarela" title="Murunwa Makwarela">Murunwa Makwarela</a>, maar Makwarela is op 28 Maart 2023 opgevolg deur <a href="/wiki/Cilliers_Brink" title="Cilliers Brink">Cilliers Brink</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastruktuur">Infrastruktuur</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historiese_ontwikkeling">Historiese ontwikkeling</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Prinshof_349-Jr,_Arcadia,_Sunnyside,_Muckleneuk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Prinshof_349-Jr%2C_Arcadia%2C_Sunnyside%2C_Muckleneuk.jpg/220px-Prinshof_349-Jr%2C_Arcadia%2C_Sunnyside%2C_Muckleneuk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Prinshof_349-Jr%2C_Arcadia%2C_Sunnyside%2C_Muckleneuk.jpg/330px-Prinshof_349-Jr%2C_Arcadia%2C_Sunnyside%2C_Muckleneuk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Prinshof_349-Jr%2C_Arcadia%2C_Sunnyside%2C_Muckleneuk.jpg/440px-Prinshof_349-Jr%2C_Arcadia%2C_Sunnyside%2C_Muckleneuk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>'n Uitsig oor die voorstede Prinshof 349-Jr, Arcadia, Sunnyside en Muckleneuk – met drie bekende bakens: die <a href="/wiki/Steve_Biko_Akademiese_Hospitaal" title="Steve Biko Akademiese Hospitaal">Steve Biko Akademiese Hospitaal</a> (in die voorgrond), Lukasrand-toring (in die agtergrond regs) en Fort Klapperkop (links bo)</figcaption></figure> <p>Binne vyf dekades ná sy stigting is Pretoria van 'n moderne stedelike infrastruktuur voorsien. Belangrike mylpale was die bou van 'n NG Kerkgebou in 1857, die ontstaan van 'n formele skoolstelsel in 1859, die vestiging van 'n posdiens in 1864 en 'n telegraafdiens in 1877, die opening van die eerste spoorwegverbinding in 1893, die voorsiening van elektriese verligting in 1892, die publikasie van die eerste plaaslike <a href="/wiki/Koerant" title="Koerant">dagblad</a> in 1898, die vestiging van 'n rioleringstelsel in 1904 en die opening van elektriese tremlyne in 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moderne_ontwikkeling">Moderne ontwikkeling</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:SA_Pretoria_Church_square.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/SA_Pretoria_Church_square.JPG/220px-SA_Pretoria_Church_square.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/SA_Pretoria_Church_square.JPG/330px-SA_Pretoria_Church_square.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/SA_Pretoria_Church_square.JPG/440px-SA_Pretoria_Church_square.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Kerkplein in die middestad van Pretoria</figcaption></figure> <p>Pretoria se strategiese ligging, sy aangename klimaat en die beskikbaarheid van hoogs-opgeleide mannekrag het van die stad 'n leidende onderwys- en navorsingsentrum gemaak. Daar word geraam dat tussen 85 en 90 persent van alle navorsings- en ontwikkelingsaktiwiteite in Suid-Afrika in Pretoria gekonsentreer is. Belangrike instellings sluit <a href="/wiki/Krygkor" title="Krygkor">Krygkor</a>, die <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrikaanse_Mediese_Navorsingsraad" title="Suid-Afrikaanse Mediese Navorsingsraad">Suid-Afrikaanse Mediese Navorsingsraad</a>, die <a href="/wiki/Wetenskaplike_en_Nywerheidnavorsingsraad" title="Wetenskaplike en Nywerheidnavorsingsraad">Wetenskaplike en Nywerheidnavorsingsraad</a> (WNNR), die Navorsingsraad vir Menslike Wetenskappe en tersiêre instellings soos die <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Suid-Afrika" title="Universiteit van Suid-Afrika">Universiteit van Suid-Afrika</a> (UNISA), die <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Pretoria" title="Universiteit van Pretoria">Universiteit van Pretoria</a> (UP) en die <a href="/wiki/Tshwane-Universiteit_vir_Tegnologie" title="Tshwane-Universiteit vir Tegnologie">Tshwane-Universiteit vir Tegnologie</a> in. </p><p>Daar bestaan goeie toegangsroetes van Johannesburg (<a href="/wiki/N1_(Suid-Afrika)" title="N1 (Suid-Afrika)">N1</a>), <a href="/wiki/Polokwane" title="Polokwane">Polokwane</a> (N1), <a href="/wiki/Noordwes" title="Noordwes">Noordwes</a> (<a href="/wiki/N14_(Suid-Afrika)" title="N14 (Suid-Afrika)">N14</a>) en <a href="/wiki/Witbank" title="Witbank">Witbank</a> (<a href="/wiki/N4_(Suid-Afrika)" title="N4 (Suid-Afrika)">N4</a>). </p><p>Die Tshwanemetro beplan ook 'n kringspoor wat as 'n stedelike ontwikkelingskorridor sal dien met 'n pendelspoorwegverbinding as basis wat óm die Pretoriastadskern sal loop as deel van 'n geïntegreerde multimodus-vervoerstelsel vir Tshwane. Pretoria is slegs 28 km van die <a href="/wiki/O.R._Tambo_Internasionale_Lughawe" title="O.R. Tambo Internasionale Lughawe">O.R. Tambo Internasionale Lughawe</a>, 35 km van <a href="/wiki/Lanseria-lughawe" title="Lanseria-lughawe">Lanseria-lughawe</a> en word ook bedien deur die <a href="/wiki/Wonderboomlughawe" title="Wonderboomlughawe">Wonderboomlughawe</a> wat binne die stadsgrense is. Daar word beplan om Wonderboomlughawe te ontwikkel tot 'n derde internasionale lughawe in Gauteng. </p><p>Inwoners en sakeondernemings in Pretoria en omstreke sal ook baat by die <i>Tshwane Global Digital Hub</i>-projek waarvolgens die bestaande <a href="/wiki/Optiese_vesel" title="Optiese vesel">optiese vesel</a>-infrastruktuur in die metropool benut gaan word om bekostigbare breëband-internettoegang en ander inligtings- en kommunikasiedienste te verskaf. </p><p>Die Tshwanemark in die weste van Pretoria is die tweede grootste mark in Suid-Afrika. Die mark het 'n nasionale en internasionale kliëntebasis. Die mark se hoofbedryf is die koop en verkoop van varsprodukte insluitend vrugte en groente, vleis en blomme, maar dit het ook fasiliteite vir grootmaatverpakking, verwerkingsondernemings en grootmaat koeldrankverkope. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vervoer">Vervoer</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spoorvervoer">Spoorvervoer</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:9_2_258_0082-Pretoria-Railway_Station-s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/9_2_258_0082-Pretoria-Railway_Station-s.jpg/220px-9_2_258_0082-Pretoria-Railway_Station-s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/9_2_258_0082-Pretoria-Railway_Station-s.jpg/330px-9_2_258_0082-Pretoria-Railway_Station-s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/9_2_258_0082-Pretoria-Railway_Station-s.jpg/440px-9_2_258_0082-Pretoria-Railway_Station-s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Die hoofstasie van Pretoria</figcaption></figure> <p>Pendelaardienste in Pretoria en omgewing word deur <i><a href="/wiki/Metrorail" title="Metrorail">Metrorail</a></i> bedryf. Roetes verbind die middestad met <a href="/wiki/Germiston" title="Germiston">Germiston</a> en Johannesburg in die suide, <a href="/wiki/Atteridgeville" title="Atteridgeville">Atteridgeville</a> in die weste, <a href="/wiki/Ga-Rankuwa" title="Ga-Rankuwa">Ga-Rankuwa</a> in die noordweste, <a href="/wiki/Soshanguve" title="Soshanguve">Soshanguve</a> in die noorde en <a href="/wiki/Mamelodi" title="Mamelodi">Mamelodi</a> in die ooste. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Gautrein" title="Gautrein">Gautrein</a></i> se hoëspoed-treindienste verbind die oostelike voorstad Hatfield met Pretoria se hoofstasie en loop suidwaarts via Centurion, <a href="/wiki/Midrand" title="Midrand">Midrand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandton" title="Sandton">Sandton</a> en <a href="/wiki/Rosebank,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosebank, Gauteng">Rosebank</a> tot in Johannesburg, asook uit na die <a href="/wiki/O.R._Tambo_Internasionale_Lughawe" title="O.R. Tambo Internasionale Lughawe">O.R. Tambo Internasionale Lughawe</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pretoriastasie" title="Pretoriastasie">Pretoriastasie</a> is die vertrekpunt vir die luukse <i><a href="/wiki/Bloutrein" title="Bloutrein">Bloutrein</a></i> op pad na Kaapstad. 'n Ander luukse treindiens, <i>Rovos Rail</i> se safari-treinritte, vertrek vanaf <a href="/wiki/Capital_Park" title="Capital Park">Capital Park</a>, 'n spoorwegstasie in 'n koloniale boustyl. Suid-Afrikaanse spoorweggeesdriftiges het Herculesstasie as vertrekpunt vir hulle outydse treinritte gekies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lugvervoer">Lugvervoer</h3></div> <p>Die <a href="/wiki/Wonderboomlughawe" title="Wonderboomlughawe">Wonderboomlughawe</a> lê sowat 8 km buitekant die stad. 'n Opknappingsproses is tans aan die gang, alhoewel die omgewingsinpakstudie, wat in 2004 gedoen is, getoon het dat die geraasbesoedeling al klaar hoog is. Die projek om die aanloopbaan te verleng is destyds afgekeur omdat die geraas van nog meer (en nog groter) vliegtuie die omgewing negatief sou beïnvloed.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jakarandastad">Jakarandastad</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Jacaranda_Trees_Pretoria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Jacaranda_Trees_Pretoria.jpg/220px-Jacaranda_Trees_Pretoria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Jacaranda_Trees_Pretoria.jpg/330px-Jacaranda_Trees_Pretoria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Jacaranda_Trees_Pretoria.jpg/440px-Jacaranda_Trees_Pretoria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="759" /></a><figcaption>Jakarandabome in Pretoria se middestad, met die <a href="/wiki/Uniegebou" title="Uniegebou">Uniegebou</a> aan die bokant van die foto</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Straatnaamveranderings,_a,_Pretoria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Straatnaamveranderings%2C_a%2C_Pretoria.jpg/220px-Straatnaamveranderings%2C_a%2C_Pretoria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Straatnaamveranderings%2C_a%2C_Pretoria.jpg/330px-Straatnaamveranderings%2C_a%2C_Pretoria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Straatnaamveranderings%2C_a%2C_Pretoria.jpg/440px-Straatnaamveranderings%2C_a%2C_Pretoria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Soos elders in Suid-Afrika het ook in Pretoria baie inwoners en besighede as gevolg van politieke oorwegings van adres verander sonder dat hulle hiervoor moes verhuis</figcaption></figure> <p>Pretoria se bynaam "Jakarandastad" verwys na die sowat 70 000 <a href="/wiki/Jakaranda" title="Jakaranda">jakarandabome</a> wat in en om Pretoria groei en in Oktober met hulle pragtige perskleurige bloeisels 'n besondere karakter aan die stad gee. Die eerste twee bome is in 1888 deur <a href="/wiki/J.D._Cilliers" title="J.D. Cilliers">J.D. Cilliers</a>, 'n plaaslike tuinier, in sy tuin by Myrtle Lodge, Celliersstraat in Sunnyside geplant. Hy het die plantjies van 'n Kaapstadse boomkweker bekom wat hulle uit <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brasili%C3%AB" title="Brasilië">Brasilië</a> ingevoer het. Die twee bome staan vandag op die terrein van die Laerskool Sunnyside.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die <a href="/wiki/Jakaranda" title="Jakaranda">jakaranda</a> is afkomstig uit die tropiese dele van Suid-Amerika en behoort tot die familie <a href="/wiki/Bignoniaceae" title="Bignoniaceae">Bignoniaceae</a>. Daar is sowat vyftig spesies van jakarandabome. Die een, wat as 'n uitheemse boom in warmer klimaatstreke van Suider-Afrika aangetref word, word <i>Jacaranda mimosifolia</i> genoem. </p><p>Teen die einde van die 19de eeu het die blom- en boomkweker James Clark jakarandasaad uit Australië ingevoer en jakarandabome op groot skaal begin kweek. In November 1906 het hy tweehonderd klein boompies aan die Pretoriase Stadsraad geskenk wat hulle in die destydse Kochstraat (tans Bosmanstraat) geplant het. Die stadsingenieur Walton Jameson, wat vinnig as "Jakaranda Jim" bekend gestaan het, het 'n program van stapel gestuur om orals in Pretoria jakarandabome aan te plant. In 1971 was daar reeds 55 000 jakarandabome in die stad.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die meeste jakarandas, wat in Pretoria aangetref word, is ligpers, maar in Herbert Bakerstraat in Groenkloof is daar ook wit jakarandas aangeplant. </p><p>Die Jakarandakarnaval is 'n ou tradisie wat in die periode tussen 1939 en 1964 gereeld gehou is. Nadat die fees in 1964 gestaak is, het dit twintig jaar lank nie meer plaasgevind nie en is eers in 1985 weer hervat. Die feestelikhede sluit onder meer 'n kleurryke optog en die kroning van die Jakarandakoningin in.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografie">Demografie</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Tshwane_2001_dominant_population_group_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Tshwane_2001_dominant_population_group_map.svg/220px-Tshwane_2001_dominant_population_group_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Tshwane_2001_dominant_population_group_map.svg/330px-Tshwane_2001_dominant_population_group_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Tshwane_2001_dominant_population_group_map.svg/440px-Tshwane_2001_dominant_population_group_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="958" /></a><figcaption>Dominante bevolkingsgroepe in Tshwane <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#fb8072;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Swart_Suid-Afrikaners&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swart Suid-Afrikaners (bladsy bestaan nie)">Swartes</a></p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#8dd3c7;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/Kleurlinge" class="mw-redirect" title="Kleurlinge">Kleurlinge</a></p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#80b1d3;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/Asiatiese_Suid-Afrikaners" title="Asiatiese Suid-Afrikaners">Asiërs</a></p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#ffffb3;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/Blanke_Suid-Afrikaners" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanke Suid-Afrikaners">Blankes</a></p> </div> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#bebada;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> Geen dominante nie</p> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Tshwane_2001_dominant_language_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tshwane_2001_dominant_language_map.svg/220px-Tshwane_2001_dominant_language_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tshwane_2001_dominant_language_map.svg/330px-Tshwane_2001_dominant_language_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tshwane_2001_dominant_language_map.svg/440px-Tshwane_2001_dominant_language_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="958" /></a><figcaption>Meerderheidstale in Tshwane <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#8dd3c7;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#ffffb3;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a></p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#bebada;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/Suid-Ndebele" title="Suid-Ndebele">Suid-Ndebele</a></p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#80b1d3;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/Zoeloe" title="Zoeloe">Zoeloe</a></p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#fdb462;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/Noord-Sotho_(taal)" title="Noord-Sotho (taal)">Noord-Sotho</a></p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#fccde5;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/Tswana" title="Tswana">Tswana</a></p> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#ffed6f;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> <a href="/wiki/Tsonga" title="Tsonga">Tsonga</a></p> </div> <p style="border:none;background:none;color:inherit;text-align:left;font-size:90%!important;margin:0px!important"><span style="border:solid 1px silver; background-color:#d0d0d0;font-size:80%!important;vertical-align:middle;">  </span> Geen meerderheidstaal</p> </figcaption></figure> <p>Afhangende van die geografiese definisie van Pretoria beloop die stad se totale bevolking tussen 'n half en byna drie miljoen. Die laasgenoemde syfer geld vir die Tshwane-munisipaliteit waarvan Pretoria deel uitmaak. Pretoria is sedert sy stigting tradisioneel een van die demografiese sentra van Afrikaanssprekendes in Suid-Afrika. So was Pretoria in 1991 naas Wynberg, 'n voorstad van Kaapstad, die sensusdistrik met die grootste getal Afrikaanssprekendes. Afrikaans word tans deur meer as 400 000 Pretorianers as huistaal gepraat. Ander omgangstale in die Pretoria-omgewing sluit onder meer <a href="/wiki/Tswana" title="Tswana">Tswana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engels" title="Engels">Engels</a> en <a href="/wiki/Suid-Ndebele" title="Suid-Ndebele">Suid-Ndebele</a> in. </p><p>Die grootste etniese groep naas <a href="/wiki/Afrikaners" title="Afrikaners">Afrikaners</a> is <a href="/wiki/Noord-Sotho%27s" title="Noord-Sotho's">Noord-Sotho's</a>. Terwyl die historiese stadsgebied steeds merendeels deur blankes bewoon word, huisves voorstede soos Soshanguve en Atteridgeville 'n hoofsaaklik Swart bevolking. Indiërs is tradisioneel in die voorstad Laudium en sy omgewing saamgetrek, alhoewel baie Pretorianers van Indiese afkoms hulle in histories blanke voorstede gevestig het. Die opkoms van 'n groeiende swart middelklas is een van die belangrikste sosio-demografiese ontwikkelinge sedert die einde van die beleid van rasseskeiding. </p><p>'n Ander is die feit dat die getal armlastige blankes in Pretoria, soos elders in die land, groter is as ooit tevore. Dit is veral on- of halfgeskoolde Afrikaners uit die werkersklas wat nie in die voorspoed van die nuwe Suid-Afrika kan deel nie. Nadat president <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a> reeds twee keer 'n besoek aan die Bethlehem-plakkerskamp in die weste van die hoofstad gebring het, het hy Mandeladag op 18 Julie 2013 gevier deur huise aan die gemeenskap van Danville te oorhandig. Danville is 'n vlagskip-projek om weg te doen met die Bethlehem-plakkerskamp wat oorwegend deur arm wit gesinne bewoon word.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Jaar</th> <th>Totaal</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kleurlinge" class="mw-redirect" title="Kleurlinge">Bruines</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Swart_mense" title="Swart mense">Swartes</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Blanke_Suid-Afrikaners" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanke Suid-Afrikaners">Blankes</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Asiatiese_Suid-Afrikaners" title="Asiatiese Suid-Afrikaners">Asiërs</a></th> <th>Nie gespesifiseer </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>2001</b><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1 982 234</td> <td>38 705</td> <td>1 439 021</td> <td>474 376</td> <td>30 132</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>2011</b><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2 921 488</td> <td>58 788</td> <td>2 202 847</td> <td>586 495</td> <td>53 744</td> <td>19 614 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historiese_ontwikkeling_2">Historiese ontwikkeling</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:RSA_Pretoria_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/RSA_Pretoria_10.jpg/220px-RSA_Pretoria_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/RSA_Pretoria_10.jpg/330px-RSA_Pretoria_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/RSA_Pretoria_10.jpg/440px-RSA_Pretoria_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3236" data-file-height="2415" /></a><figcaption>Woonstelblokke in Arcadia</figcaption></figure> <p>Vir die grootste deel van sy geskiedenis het die stad se status as setel van Suid-Afrika se blanke regering, net soos die diskriminerende afbakening van sy stadsgrens, verseker dat Pretoria as die enigste van die land se groot stede deur 'n blanke en merendeels Afrikaanssprekende bevolking bewoon is.<sup id="cite_ref-Shillington_2005_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shillington_2005-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pretoria was ook die eerste groot nedersetting waar 'n rasgebaseerde hiërargiese stelsel deur wette verskans is. Swart en bruin bewoners was die laagste sosiale en ekonomiese klas wat voor 1900 nie eens toegelaat is om op die sypaadjies te loop nie. Dié beleid is eers ná die Britse oorname geleidelik laat vaar.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saam met die vestiging van nywerhede in die 20ste eeu, waaronder die wapenbedryf en vervaardigers van vervoertoerusting, het 'n Afrikaanssprekende werkersklas ontstaan. Vervolgens is die stad se demografiese, sosiale, politieke en kulturele karakter in 'n groot mate bepaal deur die staatsdiens, swaar nywerhede en 'n groot kompleks van militêre basisse net suid van die stadsgebied. Blanke staatsamptenare met middelmatige salarisse het voordeel getrek uit werkreservering en met hul vraag na betaalbare behuising bygedra tot die ontstaan van eenvormige woonstelblokke wat die blanke voorstede oorheers het.<sup id="cite_ref-Shillington_2005_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shillington_2005-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Joodse_gemeenskap">Joodse gemeenskap</h3></div> <dl><dd><i><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Die hoofartikel vir hierdie afdeling is: <a href="/wiki/Jode_in_Suid-Afrika" title="Jode in Suid-Afrika">Jode in Suid-Afrika</a>.</div></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:00000-Sammy_Marks_Fountain-Pretoria-s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/00000-Sammy_Marks_Fountain-Pretoria-s.jpg/220px-00000-Sammy_Marks_Fountain-Pretoria-s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/00000-Sammy_Marks_Fountain-Pretoria-s.jpg/330px-00000-Sammy_Marks_Fountain-Pretoria-s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/00000-Sammy_Marks_Fountain-Pretoria-s.jpg/440px-00000-Sammy_Marks_Fountain-Pretoria-s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1278" /></a><figcaption>Die Sammy Marks-fontein</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Old_Sinagogue,_Pretoria.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Old_Sinagogue%2C_Pretoria.JPG/220px-Old_Sinagogue%2C_Pretoria.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Old_Sinagogue%2C_Pretoria.JPG/330px-Old_Sinagogue%2C_Pretoria.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Old_Sinagogue%2C_Pretoria.JPG/440px-Old_Sinagogue%2C_Pretoria.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/Sinagoge,_Paul_Krugerstraat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinagoge, Paul Krugerstraat">Ou Sinagoge in Paul Krugerstraat</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Pretoria het 'n klein Joodse gemeenskap van ongeveer 3 000.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joodse burgers het al sedert die stigting van die stad in die 19de eeu deel van sy bevolking gevorm en 'n belangrike bydrae tot sy industriële en ekonomiese groei gelewer. De Vries, die eerste Joodse inwoner van Pretoria, was 'n gesiene burger wat as staatsaanklaer, lid van die Volksraad en baanbreker vir Afrikaans gefungeer het. 'n Ander bekende Joodse Pretorianer was <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Marks" title="Sammy Marks">Sammy Marks</a>. </p><p>Ander Joodse setlaars, waarvan baie immigrante uit <a href="/wiki/Litaue" title="Litaue">Litaue</a>, het in hul oorsprongslande dikwels min kans gekry om 'n deeglike opvoeding soos De Vries te ontvang en was aanvanklik nòg Nederlands of Afrikaans nòg Engels magtig. Baie van hulle het slegs <a href="/wiki/Jiddisj" title="Jiddisj">Jiddisj</a> gepraat en 'n heenkome as winkeleienaars in die plaaslike kleinhandelbedryf gevind. Die meeste Joodse inwoners het in die <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Boereoorlog" class="mw-disambig" title="Anglo-Boereoorlog">Anglo-Boereoorloë</a> onsydig gebly, alhoewel enkele mans as vrywilligers by die ZAR-magte aangesluit het. </p><p>Die Hebreeuse gemeente van Pretoria is tussen 1890 en 1895 gestig, en in 1898 is die eerste <a href="/wiki/Sinagoge,_Paul_Krugerstraat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinagoge, Paul Krugerstraat">sinagoge in Paul Krugerstraat</a> ingewy. 'n Tweede sinagoge, wat as Groot Sinagoge bekendgestaan het, het sy deure in 1922 geopen. Albei sinagoges is intussen nie meer in gebruik nie. 'n Hervormde sinagoge, <i>Temple Menorah</i>, is in die vroeë 1950's geopen. </p><p>Die Joodse gemeenskap van Pretoria het sy bloeitydperk in die vroeë 20ste eeu beleef toe daar talle Joodse sportklubs, welsynsorganisasies en jeuggroepe bestaan het. Ná 1948 het baie Joodse inwoners na Kaapstad of Johannesburg verhuis. </p><p>Die sinagoge in Paul Krugerstaat is in 1952 deur die regering onteien om plek te maak vir die nuwe gebou van die Hooggeregshof waar veral hofsake teen lede van opposisiebewegings gevoer is, waaronder dié teen <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Sisulu" title="Walter Sisulu">Walter Sisulu</a> en 26 ander weens <a href="/wiki/Hoogverraad" title="Hoogverraad">hoogverraad</a> tussen 1 Augustus 1958 en 29 Maart 1961, en die Rivonia-saak in 1963. </p><p>Twee <a href="/wiki/Jode" title="Jode">Joodse</a> skole het in Pretoria ontstaan – die Miriam Marks-skool, wat in 1905 gestig is, en die Carmel-skool wat sy deure in 1959 geopen het. Net die laasgenoemde, wat tans ook as sinagoge dien, bestaan tans nog. Pretoria se hervormde Joodse gemeente deel sy rabbi met die Johannesburgse gemeente, terwyl hul sinagoge nie meer bestaan nie. Dienste vind in die privaat wonings van gemeentelede plaas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boeddhistiese_gemeenskap">Boeddhistiese gemeenskap</h3></div> <p>'n Boeddhistiese sentrum, die Jang Chup Chopel-sentrum («Sentrum van lig»), is vroeg in Januarie 2015 deur Duan Pienaar of Gyalten Nyima (aldus die monniknaam wat hy aangeneem het), in Waverley in Pretoria-Moot geopen. Pienaar is die enigste Afrikaner wat deur 'n gemeenskap van hoogs selektiewe Tibettaanse tantriese Boeddhiste in Balyuppe in die suide van Indië ingeseën is. Sy leer- en inseëningsmeester Lama Choden Rinpoche is naas die <a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a> die hoogste tantriese meester. Pienaar, wat meer as twintig jaar lank Boeddhistiese leerstellings studeer, het twee jare in Indië deurgebring.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomiese_basis">Ekonomiese basis</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Pretoria_CBD1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Pretoria_CBD1.jpg/220px-Pretoria_CBD1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Pretoria_CBD1.jpg/330px-Pretoria_CBD1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Pretoria_CBD1.jpg/440px-Pretoria_CBD1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1869" data-file-height="819" /></a><figcaption>Die sakekern van Pretoria</figcaption></figure> <p>Een van die pioniers van die plaaslike yster- en staalbedryf was <a href="/wiki/Cor_Delfos" title="Cor Delfos">Cor Delfos</a>, wat in 1916 'n <a href="/wiki/Hoogoond" title="Hoogoond">hoogoond</a> in Pretoria opgerig het. Dié bedryf was gegrond op Suid-Afrika se eie grondstowwe. Nogtans het 'n lewensvatbare nywerheid eers met die hulp van die regering tot stand gekom. Die Suid-Afrikaanse yster- en staalbedryf is as staatsbeheerde nywerheid gevestig, en die Pretoria-aanleg van die destydse Suid-Afrikaanse Yster- en Staalkorporasie (<a href="/wiki/Yskor" title="Yskor">Yskor</a>) is in 1930 opgerig. Toe die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</a> in 1939 uitgebreek het, het die aanleg se jaarlikse produksie reeds meer as 300 000 ton beloop. </p><p>Pretoria is nog steeds 'n sentrum van die Suid-Afrikaanse yster- en staalbedryf, alhoewel die stad nou ook oor 'n beduidende motor-, spoorweg- en masjienboubedryf beskik. Volgens 'n ondersoek van die <a href="/wiki/Noordwes-Universiteit" title="Noordwes-Universiteit">Noordwes-Universiteit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Potchefstroom" title="Potchefstroom">Potchefstroom</a> is Pretoria die derde belangrikste ekonomiese sentrum in die land na Johannesburg en Kaapstad. Die metropolitaanse gebied van Pretoria lewer sowat nege persent van Suid-Afrika se bruto geografiese produk op. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Onderwys">Onderwys</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Afrikaanse_Ho%C3%ABr_Seunskool_night_shot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Afrikaanse_Ho%C3%ABr_Seunskool_night_shot.jpg/220px-Afrikaanse_Ho%C3%ABr_Seunskool_night_shot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Afrikaanse_Ho%C3%ABr_Seunskool_night_shot.jpg/330px-Afrikaanse_Ho%C3%ABr_Seunskool_night_shot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Afrikaanse_Ho%C3%ABr_Seunskool_night_shot.jpg/440px-Afrikaanse_Ho%C3%ABr_Seunskool_night_shot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>'n Nagfoto van die <a href="/wiki/Afrikaanse_Ho%C3%ABr_Seunskool" title="Afrikaanse Hoër Seunskool">Afrikaanse Hoër Seunskool</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Die bekendste tuiste van onderwys in Pretoria is die <a href="/wiki/Tshwane-Universiteit_vir_Tegnologie" title="Tshwane-Universiteit vir Tegnologie">Tshwane-Universiteit vir Tegnologie</a>, die <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Pretoria" title="Universiteit van Pretoria">Universiteit van Pretoria</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Suid-Afrika" title="Universiteit van Suid-Afrika">Universiteit van Suid-Afrika</a> (afstandsonderwys). </p><p>Van die skole in Pretoria sluit in: </p> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; -webkit-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaanse_Ho%C3%ABr_Meisieskool" title="Afrikaanse Hoër Meisieskool">Afrikaanse Hoër Meisieskool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaanse_Ho%C3%ABr_Seunskool" title="Afrikaanse Hoër Seunskool">Afrikaanse Hoër Seunskool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%ABrskool_Langenhoven" title="Hoërskool Langenhoven">Hoërskool Langenhoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%ABrskool_Lyttelton_Manor" title="Hoërskool Lyttelton Manor">Hoërskool Lyttelton Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%ABrskool_Menlopark" title="Hoërskool Menlopark">Hoërskool Menlopark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laerskool_Danie_Malan" title="Laerskool Danie Malan">Laerskool Danie Malan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laerskool_Elarduspark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laerskool Elarduspark (bladsy bestaan nie)">Laerskool Elarduspark</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laerskool_Jopie_Fourie" title="Laerskool Jopie Fourie">Laerskool Jopie Fourie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laerskool_Menlopark" title="Laerskool Menlopark">Laerskool Menlopark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%ABrskool_Silverton" title="Hoërskool Silverton">Hoërskool Silverton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%ABrskool_Tuine" title="Hoërskool Tuine">Hoërskool Tuine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretoria_Boys_High_School" title="Pretoria Boys High School">Pretoria Boys High School</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Loftus_Versfeld_Stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Loftus_Versfeld_Stadium.jpg/220px-Loftus_Versfeld_Stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Loftus_Versfeld_Stadium.jpg/330px-Loftus_Versfeld_Stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Loftus_Versfeld_Stadium.jpg/440px-Loftus_Versfeld_Stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="661" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Loftus_Versfeld" title="Loftus Versfeld">Loftus Versfeld</a> in Pretoria</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Hokkiewedstryd_by_Tshwane-Universiteit_vir_Tegnologie_se_Pretoriakampus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Hokkiewedstryd_by_Tshwane-Universiteit_vir_Tegnologie_se_Pretoriakampus.jpg/220px-Hokkiewedstryd_by_Tshwane-Universiteit_vir_Tegnologie_se_Pretoriakampus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Hokkiewedstryd_by_Tshwane-Universiteit_vir_Tegnologie_se_Pretoriakampus.jpg/330px-Hokkiewedstryd_by_Tshwane-Universiteit_vir_Tegnologie_se_Pretoriakampus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Hokkiewedstryd_by_Tshwane-Universiteit_vir_Tegnologie_se_Pretoriakampus.jpg/440px-Hokkiewedstryd_by_Tshwane-Universiteit_vir_Tegnologie_se_Pretoriakampus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>'n <a href="/wiki/Hokkie" title="Hokkie">Hokkiewedstryd</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tshwane-Universiteit_vir_Tegnologie" title="Tshwane-Universiteit vir Tegnologie">Tshwane-Universiteit vir Tegnologie</a> se Pretoriakampus</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:St_Alban%27s_College,_krieket,_Pretoria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/St_Alban%27s_College%2C_krieket%2C_Pretoria.jpg/220px-St_Alban%27s_College%2C_krieket%2C_Pretoria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/St_Alban%27s_College%2C_krieket%2C_Pretoria.jpg/330px-St_Alban%27s_College%2C_krieket%2C_Pretoria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/St_Alban%27s_College%2C_krieket%2C_Pretoria.jpg/440px-St_Alban%27s_College%2C_krieket%2C_Pretoria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>'n Krieketwedstryd by St Alban's College, <a href="/wiki/Lynnwood_Glen" title="Lynnwood Glen">Lynnwood Glen</a>, Pretoria</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Pilditch_Stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Pilditch_Stadium.jpg/220px-Pilditch_Stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Pilditch_Stadium.jpg/330px-Pilditch_Stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Pilditch_Stadium.jpg/440px-Pilditch_Stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2513" data-file-height="1631" /></a><figcaption>Pilditch is 'n veeldoelstadion in <a href="/wiki/Pretoria-Wes" title="Pretoria-Wes">Pretoria-Wes</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Een van die gewildste <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sportsoorte</a> in Pretoria is <a href="/wiki/Rugby" title="Rugby">rugby</a>. <a href="/wiki/Loftus_Versfeld" title="Loftus Versfeld">Loftus Versfeld</a> is die tuiste van die <a href="/wiki/Blou_Bulle" title="Blou Bulle">Blou Bulle</a> wat in die binnelandse <a href="/wiki/Curriebeker" title="Curriebeker">Curriebeker</a> meeding en huisves ook die <a href="/wiki/Bulls_(Superrugbyspan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulls (Superrugbyspan)">Bulls</a> van die internasionale <a href="/wiki/Superrugby" title="Superrugby">Superrugbytoernooi</a>. Die Superrugbyspan Bulls wat deur die Blou Bulle bestuur word, het die toernooie van <a href="/wiki/2007_Super_14-seisoen" title="2007 Super 14-seisoen">2007</a>, <a href="/wiki/2009_Super_14-seisoen" title="2009 Super 14-seisoen">2009</a> en <a href="/wiki/2010_Super_14-seisoen" title="2010 Super 14-seisoen">2010</a> gewen. Daarbenewens dien Loftus Versfeld ook as tuiste van die sokkerspan <a href="/wiki/Mamelodi_Sundowns" title="Mamelodi Sundowns">Mamelodi Sundowns</a>. </p><p>Pretoria se Loftus Versfeld is al vir wedstryde van internasionale toernooie soos die <a href="/wiki/Rugbyw%C3%AAreldbeker_1995" title="Rugbywêreldbeker 1995">Rugbywêreldbeker 1995</a>, <a href="/wiki/FIFA_Sokker-Konfederasiebeker_in_2009" title="FIFA Sokker-Konfederasiebeker in 2009">FIFA Sokker-Konfederasiebeker in 2009</a> en <a href="/wiki/FIFA_Sokker-W%C3%AAreldbekertoernooi_in_2010" title="FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2010">FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2010</a> ingespan. </p><p>Pretoria beskik oor drie sokkerspanne wat in Suid-Afrika se hoogste sokkerafdeling, die <a href="/wiki/Premier_Sokkerliga" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier Sokkerliga">Premier Sokkerliga</a>, speel. Hulle is <a href="/wiki/Mamelodi_Sundowns" title="Mamelodi Sundowns">Mamelodi Sundowns</a> en <a href="/wiki/Supersport_United" title="Supersport United">Supersport United</a>. Supersport United was die PSL-kampioene 2008–09. Na die 2011/2012-seisoen is die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universiteit_van_Pretoria_FC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universiteit van Pretoria FC (bladsy bestaan nie)">Universiteit van Pretoria FC</a> bevorder om by die Suid-Afrikaanse Premier Sokkerliga (PSL) aan te sluit.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Krieket" title="Krieket">Krieket</a> is ook 'n gewilde sportsoort in Pretoria en is reeds tydens die bestaan van die Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek gespeel.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aangesien die stad self oor geen internasionale krieketstadion beskik nie, word ook geen internasionale wedstryde in Pretoria aangebied nie. Pleks daarvan word die nabygeleë <a href="/wiki/Centurion" title="Centurion">Centurion</a> se <a href="/wiki/SuperSport-park" title="SuperSport-park">SuperSport-park</a>, 'n <a href="/wiki/Toetskrieket" title="Toetskrieket">toetskrieketstadion</a>, ingespan. Hier speel die <a href="/wiki/Proteas" title="Proteas">Suid-Afrikaanse nasionale krieketspan</a> van sy tuiswedstryde. Tydens die <a href="/wiki/Krieketw%C3%AAreldbeker_2003" title="Krieketwêreldbeker 2003">Krieketwêreldbeker 2003</a> is vyf wedstryde hier gespeel en tydens die <a href="/wiki/Kampioenetrofee_2009" title="Kampioenetrofee 2009">Kampioenetrofee 2009</a> agt, waaronder die eindstryd. Die plaaslike franchise-span vir Pretoria is die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Titans_(krieketspan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titans (krieketspan) (bladsy bestaan nie)">Titans</a>, hoewel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Northerns_krieketspan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northerns krieketspan (bladsy bestaan nie)">Northerns</a> soms tydens Suid-Afrikaanse provinsiale toernooie in die stad gespeel het, maar hulle is later by die Titans ingelyf. Ná afloop van die 2020/21-seisoen is die span tydens 'n hervorming van Suid-Afrikaanse krieket ontbind.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baie van Pretoria se krieketspelers speel vir die <a href="/wiki/Proteas" title="Proteas">Proteas</a>, insluitende die voormalige kapteins <a href="/wiki/AB_de_Villiers" title="AB de Villiers">AB de Villiers</a> en <a href="/wiki/Faf_du_Plessis" title="Faf du Plessis">Faf du Plessis</a>. </p><p>Die Pretoria Transnet Blindkrieketklub is tans die grootste Blindkrieketklub in Suid-Afrika. Hulle krieketveld is by die Transnet Ingenieurswesekampus op Lynettestraat, die tuiste van verskeie gestremde krieketspelers. PTBCC het al baie suksesvolle blindkrieketwedstryde met gestremde liggaamspanne soos die Suid-Afrikaanse Binnenshuise Krieketspan en TuksCricket juniorakademie aangebied. Noordelike Blindkrieket is die provinsiale liggaam wat PTBCC en Filefelfia Hoërskool bestuur. Die Noordelike Blindkrieketspan het die o/40 nasionale Blindkriekettoernooi, wat in April 2014 in Kaapstad gehuisves is, gewen.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Besienswaardighede">Besienswaardighede</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kerkplein">Kerkplein</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Old_Raadsaal,_Church_Square_Pretoria_004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Old_Raadsaal%2C_Church_Square_Pretoria_004.jpg/220px-Old_Raadsaal%2C_Church_Square_Pretoria_004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Old_Raadsaal%2C_Church_Square_Pretoria_004.jpg/330px-Old_Raadsaal%2C_Church_Square_Pretoria_004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Old_Raadsaal%2C_Church_Square_Pretoria_004.jpg/440px-Old_Raadsaal%2C_Church_Square_Pretoria_004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Die Ou Raadsaal van die <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Afrikaansche_Republiek" title="Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek">ZAR</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Old_Post_Office,_Church_Square,_Pretoria.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Old_Post_Office%2C_Church_Square%2C_Pretoria.JPG/220px-Old_Post_Office%2C_Church_Square%2C_Pretoria.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Old_Post_Office%2C_Church_Square%2C_Pretoria.JPG/330px-Old_Post_Office%2C_Church_Square%2C_Pretoria.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Old_Post_Office%2C_Church_Square%2C_Pretoria.JPG/440px-Old_Post_Office%2C_Church_Square%2C_Pretoria.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Die ou Poskantoor op Kerkplein</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Teetuin_en_konferensiegerief,_Pretoria_Nasionale_Botaniese_Tuin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Teetuin_en_konferensiegerief%2C_Pretoria_Nasionale_Botaniese_Tuin.jpg/220px-Teetuin_en_konferensiegerief%2C_Pretoria_Nasionale_Botaniese_Tuin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Teetuin_en_konferensiegerief%2C_Pretoria_Nasionale_Botaniese_Tuin.jpg/330px-Teetuin_en_konferensiegerief%2C_Pretoria_Nasionale_Botaniese_Tuin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Teetuin_en_konferensiegerief%2C_Pretoria_Nasionale_Botaniese_Tuin.jpg/440px-Teetuin_en_konferensiegerief%2C_Pretoria_Nasionale_Botaniese_Tuin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Teetuin en konferensiegerief in die Nasionale Botaniese Tuin</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Die_skip_University_of_pretoria.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Die_skip_University_of_pretoria.JPG/220px-Die_skip_University_of_pretoria.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Die_skip_University_of_pretoria.JPG/330px-Die_skip_University_of_pretoria.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Die_skip_University_of_pretoria.JPG/440px-Die_skip_University_of_pretoria.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Pretoria" title="Universiteit van Pretoria">Universiteit van Pretoria</a> se <a href="/wiki/Administrasiegebou_UP" title="Administrasiegebou UP">administrasiegebou</a> staan algemeen bekend as "Die Skip"</figcaption></figure> <p>Die <a href="/wiki/Kerkplein,_Pretoria" title="Kerkplein, Pretoria">Ou Kerkplein</a> is die geskiedkundige middelpunt van Pretoria, wat vroeër ook 'n gewilde bymekaarkomplek vir burgers en handelaars was. 'n Aantal statige ou geboue, wat 'n belangrike rol in die geskiedenis van die stad gespeel het, en die <a href="/wiki/Krugerstandbeeld" title="Krugerstandbeeld">monument ter ere van President Paul Kruger</a> verleen 'n besonderse karakter aan die plein. </p><p>Die hoeksteen van die <a href="/wiki/Ou_Raadsaal,_Pretoria" title="Ou Raadsaal, Pretoria">Ou Raadsaal</a> is op 6 Mei 1889 deur president Kruger gelê, en teen Desember 1891 was die gebou voltooi. Die Volksraad het egter reeds op 5 Mei 1890 in die halfvoltooide Raadsaal vergader wat uiteindelik in 1892 sonder enige amptelike seremonie in gebruik geneem is.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die vier klokke in die toring is in 1894 in werking gestel. Die Raadsaal het oorspronklik net oor twee verdiepings beskik; 'n derde verdieping is eers met die instelling van die Tweede Volksraad bygevoeg. Bo-op die toring is 'n vrouefiguur aangebring wat die Vryheid voorstel; hierdie beeld was aanvanklik kaalkop, en volgens oorlewering het president Kruger 'n helm vir die figuur laat vervaardig wat met klinknaels vasgeheg is. Die hout, wat vir dekoratiewe doeleindes gebruik is, het uit <a href="/wiki/Noorwe%C3%AB" title="Noorweë">Noorweë</a> gekom en is van daar na 'n timmermanswinkel op die <a href="/wiki/Orkney,_Skotland" title="Orkney, Skotland">Orkney-eilande</a> noord van <a href="/wiki/Skotland" title="Skotland">Skotland</a> geneem waar dit verwerk en later na <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a> verskeep is. Die houtwerk is uiteindelik per spoor na Charlestown toe en verder per <a href="/wiki/Ossewa" title="Ossewa">ossewa</a> na Pretoria vervoer.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ook op Kerkplein geleë is die Poskantoormuseum wat die geskiedenis en ontwikkeling van die Suid-Afrikaanse poswese behandel. Naas die geskiedenis van telefoon- en telegraafkommunikasie staan filatelie sentraal in die museum se konsep. Sy versamelings sluit 'n driekwartmiljoen <a href="/wiki/Posse%C3%ABl" title="Posseël">posseëls</a> in. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nasionale_Botaniese_Tuin">Nasionale Botaniese Tuin</h3></div> <dl><dd><i><div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Die hoofartikel vir hierdie afdeling is: <a href="/wiki/Pretoria_Botaniese_Tuin" title="Pretoria Botaniese Tuin">Pretoria Botaniese Tuin</a>.</div></i></dd></dl> <p>Die Pretoria Nasionale <a href="/wiki/Botaniese_tuin" title="Botaniese tuin">Botaniese Tuin</a> is sowat 8 km oos van Pretoria se middestad in die stadsdeel Brummeria geleë. Die tuin, wat 'n oppervlak van 76 hektaar beslaan, bied 'n uitstekende oorsig oor Suid-Afrika se ryk flora in die verskillende klimaatsones van die land, met 'n omvangryke <a href="/wiki/Herbarium" title="Herbarium">herbarium</a> en 'n groot sukkulentetuin. Geriewe in die tuin sluit 'n besoekersentrum, teetuin en kongresfasiliteite in. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erasmuskasteel">Erasmuskasteel</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:The_Erasmus_House.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/The_Erasmus_House.JPG/220px-The_Erasmus_House.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/The_Erasmus_House.JPG/330px-The_Erasmus_House.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/The_Erasmus_House.JPG/440px-The_Erasmus_House.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Die Erasmuskasteel</figcaption></figure> <p>Die Victoriaanse herehuis, wat in die volksmond as Erasmuskasteel bekend staan, is een van Pretoria se bekendste landmerke – nie alleen vanweë sy ligging op 'n klein heuwel langs die N1-snelweg in die suidooste van die stad waar dit soos 'n klein kasteel oor die golwende landskap troon nie, maar ook omdat snaakse stories daarmee verbind word. So word dit dikwels as spookhuis voorgestel. </p><p>Die huis se geskiedenis strek terug tot 1903 toe Jochemus Johannes Petrus Erasmus, wat op die plaas Garsfontein geboer het, oor die nodige middele beskik het om vir sy gesin 'n statige woning – iets wat hy 'n "ordentlike" huis genoem het – teen 'n koste van altesaam £7 200, insluitende ekstras, te laat bou. Gordyne en ander versierings is uit <a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Engeland</a> ingevoer. Na bewering het hy sy welgesteldheid aan sy handelsbetrekkinge met Engelse te danke gehad. </p><p>Ná twaalf maande se bouwerk is dit met 'n groot plegtigheid ingewy. Die huis, wat deur die Nederlandse argitek Frans van der Ben en die Italianer G. Monbello ontwerp is en destyds <i>Bella Vista</i> genoem is, het <a href="/wiki/Victoriaanse_tydperk" title="Victoriaanse tydperk">Victoriaanse</a> stylelemente bevat, soos 'n breë stoep aan drie kante met houtrelings en versierings, met aksente van Art Nouveau-ontwerpkuns wat sigbaar is in die sierwerk van die deure, vensters, stoepe en daktorings,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> maar was tog uniek in Suid-Afrika ten opsigte van sy onsimmetriese dakontwerp met gebroke vlakke en verskeie geweltjies en torinkies wat as versierings aangebring is. Anders as die meeste woonhuise in die <a href="/wiki/Suidelike_Halfrond" title="Suidelike Halfrond">Suidelike Halfrond</a> kyk die Erasmuskasteel in 'n suidelike rigting uit – dit beteken dat dit relatief koud in die wintermaande is. </p><p>Die onderste vlakke van die huis het uit 17 vertrekke bestaan, waarvan ses as slaapkamers gedien het. Net die onderste twee vlakke is bewoon, met 'n solder boontoe en 'n hoërgeleë uitkykplatform wat met 'n leer bereik kon word en vanwaar trappies tot 'n stutpilaar in die toring lei. 'n Klein venster in die toring bied 'n uitsig oor die <a href="/wiki/Ho%C3%ABveld" title="Hoëveld">Hoëveld</a>-landskap. Die oorspronklike kombuiskompleks het los van die huis gestaan en uit 'n kombuis, 'n maalkamer, 'n meelkamer, 'n spens, 'n kelder en 'n outydse bakoond bestaan. </p><p>Ná die afsterwe van Jochemus Johannes Petrus Erasmus en sy vrou Johanna Jacoba het die huis tussen 1949 en 1967 leeg gestaan en in verval geraak. Blykbaar was hul testamente so ingewikkeld dat familielede dit moeilik gevind het om in die huis te gaan woon. In 1950 het die Erasmuskasteel bekendheid verwerf deur 'n Afrikaanse rolprent (<i><a href="/wiki/Hier%E2%80%99s_ons_weer" title="Hier’s ons weer">Hier’s ons weer</a></i>) wat hier gemaak is en waarin <a href="/wiki/Al_Debbo" title="Al Debbo">Al Debbo</a> en <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Burgers" title="Frederik Burgers">Frederik Burgers</a> die hoofrolle vertolk het. Dit was juis spooktonele, wat in die film voorgekom het, waaraan die gebou sy latere reputasie as spookhuis te danke het. </p><p>Toe die Erasmus-familie in 1976 teruggekeer het, was die kasteel saam met die omliggende terrein al lank deur die Transvaalse Provinsiale Administrasie onteien, en daar was planne om 'n nuwe hospitaal daar op te rig wat die H.F. Verwoerd-hospitaal sou vervang. Dit is uiteindelik nie verwesenlik nie. Die Erasmusse het nie in die kasteel ingetrek nie, en dit is verwaarloos totdat Emus Erasmus met herstelwerk begin het, alhoewel hy nooit self daar gewoon het nie. Uiteindelik is die kasteel in die 1980's deur Krygkor gerestoureer wat dit as deel van sy hoofkwartier gebruik het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ander_besienswaardighede">Ander besienswaardighede</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Die_Voortrekkermonument,_2_Januarie_2018,_Morn%C3%A9_van_Rooyen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/2/2d/Die_Voortrekkermonument%2C_2_Januarie_2018%2C_Morn%C3%A9_van_Rooyen.jpg/220px-Die_Voortrekkermonument%2C_2_Januarie_2018%2C_Morn%C3%A9_van_Rooyen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/2/2d/Die_Voortrekkermonument%2C_2_Januarie_2018%2C_Morn%C3%A9_van_Rooyen.jpg/330px-Die_Voortrekkermonument%2C_2_Januarie_2018%2C_Morn%C3%A9_van_Rooyen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/2/2d/Die_Voortrekkermonument%2C_2_Januarie_2018%2C_Morn%C3%A9_van_Rooyen.jpg/440px-Die_Voortrekkermonument%2C_2_Januarie_2018%2C_Morn%C3%A9_van_Rooyen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2323" data-file-height="3510" /></a><figcaption>Die Voortrekkermonument</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:9_2_258_0021-GrootKerk-Pretoria-s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/9_2_258_0021-GrootKerk-Pretoria-s.jpg/220px-9_2_258_0021-GrootKerk-Pretoria-s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/9_2_258_0021-GrootKerk-Pretoria-s.jpg/330px-9_2_258_0021-GrootKerk-Pretoria-s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/9_2_258_0021-GrootKerk-Pretoria-s.jpg/440px-9_2_258_0021-GrootKerk-Pretoria-s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="945" /></a><figcaption>Die Groot Kerk op die hoek van Vermeulen- en Bosmanstraat</figcaption></figure> <p>Ander besienswaardighede en toeristeaantreklikhede sluit in: </p> <ul><li>Die <a href="/wiki/Uniegebou" title="Uniegebou">Uniegebou</a>, ontwerp deur die argitek Sir <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Baker" title="Herbert Baker">Herbert Baker</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standbeeld_van_Nelson_Mandela_(Uniegebou)" title="Standbeeld van Nelson Mandela (Uniegebou)">Standbeeld van Nelson Mandela (Uniegebou)</a></li> <li>Die <a href="/wiki/Voortrekkermonument" title="Voortrekkermonument">Voortrekkermonument</a> in die suide van die stad is 'n monument ter herinnering aan die <a href="/wiki/Groot_Trek" title="Groot Trek">Groot Trek</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vryheidspark_(Suid-Afrika)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vryheidspark (Suid-Afrika)">Vryheidspark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marabastad,_Pretoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Marabastad, Pretoria">Marabastad</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Godsdienstige_geboue">Godsdienstige geboue</h4></div> <ul><li>Die Miriammentempel, die oudste <a href="/wiki/Hindoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindoe">Hindoetempel</a> in Pretoria, is in 1905 opgerig en aan Miriammen, die godin van siektes, gewy</li> <li>Queenstraatmoskee</li> <li>Sint Alban's Katedraal</li> <li>Vermeulenmoskee</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kunsgalerye_en_museums">Kunsgalerye en museums</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Pretoriase_kunsmuseum_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pretoriase_kunsmuseum_1.jpg/220px-Pretoriase_kunsmuseum_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pretoriase_kunsmuseum_1.jpg/330px-Pretoriase_kunsmuseum_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pretoriase_kunsmuseum_1.jpg/440px-Pretoriase_kunsmuseum_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="558" /></a><figcaption>Pretoriase Kunsmuseum</figcaption></figure> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton_van_Wouw-huis" title="Anton van Wouw-huis">Anton van Wouw-huis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditsong_Nasionale_Kultuurhistoriese_Museum" title="Ditsong Nasionale Kultuurhistoriese Museum">Ditsong Nasionale Kultuurhistoriese Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditsong_Nasionale_Natuurhistoriese_Museum" title="Ditsong Nasionale Natuurhistoriese Museum">Ditsong Nasionale Natuurhistoriese Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edoardo_Villa-museum,_Pretoria" title="Edoardo Villa-museum, Pretoria">Edoardo Villa-museum</a></li> <li>Eksteen-Vervoertegnologiemuseum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Klapperkop" title="Fort Klapperkop">Fort Klapperkop</a> en die Militêre Museum</li> <li>Galery van die <a href="/wiki/Pretoria_Kunsvereniging" title="Pretoria Kunsvereniging">Pretoria Kunsvereniging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krugerhuis" title="Krugerhuis">Krugerhuis</a> (Die woning van die president van die ZAR, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kruger" title="Paul Kruger">Paul Kruger</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapungubwe-museum" title="Mapungubwe-museum">Mapungubwe-museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melrosehuis" class="mw-redirect" title="Melrosehuis">Melrosehuis</a> (Die <a href="/wiki/Vrede_van_Vereeniging" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrede van Vereeniging">Vrede van Vereeniging</a> wat 'n einde gebring het aan die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Vryheidsoorlog" title="Tweede Vryheidsoorlog">Tweede Vryheidsoorlog</a> is in 1902 hier geteken)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pionier-opelugmuseum" title="Pionier-opelugmuseum">Pionier-opelugmuseum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierneefmuseum" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Pierneefmuseum">Pierneefmuseum</a></li> <li>Pretoria Destinations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretoriase_Kunsmuseum" title="Pretoriase Kunsmuseum">Pretoriase Kunsmuseum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Marksmuseum" title="Sammy Marksmuseum">Sammy Marksmuseum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrikaanse_Lugmagmuseum" title="Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmagmuseum">Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmagmuseum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisa-kunsgalery" title="Unisa-kunsgalery">Unisa-kunsgalery</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Parke_en_natuurgebiede">Parke en natuurgebiede</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Austin_Roberts-vo%C3%ABlreservaat,_dam_en_skuiling.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Austin_Roberts-vo%C3%ABlreservaat%2C_dam_en_skuiling.jpg/220px-Austin_Roberts-vo%C3%ABlreservaat%2C_dam_en_skuiling.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Austin_Roberts-vo%C3%ABlreservaat%2C_dam_en_skuiling.jpg/330px-Austin_Roberts-vo%C3%ABlreservaat%2C_dam_en_skuiling.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Austin_Roberts-vo%C3%ABlreservaat%2C_dam_en_skuiling.jpg/440px-Austin_Roberts-vo%C3%ABlreservaat%2C_dam_en_skuiling.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Austin Roberts-voëlreservaat</figcaption></figure> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Roberts-vo%C3%ABlreservaat" title="Austin Roberts-voëlreservaat">Austin Roberts-voëlreservaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgerspark" title="Burgerspark">Burgerspark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faerie_Glen-natuurreservaat" title="Faerie Glen-natuurreservaat">Faerie Glen-natuurreservaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonteinedal" title="Fonteinedal">Fonteinedal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groenkloof_Natuurreservaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Groenkloof Natuurreservaat">Groenkloof Natuurreservaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Cellierspark,_Pretoria" title="Jan Cellierspark, Pretoria">Jan Cellierspark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnoliadal" title="Magnoliadal">Magnoliadal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moreletakloofnatuurreservaat" title="Moreletakloofnatuurreservaat">Moreletakloofnatuurreservaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moreletaspruit" title="Moreletaspruit">Moreletaspruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasionale_Dieretuin_van_Suid-Afrika" title="Nasionale Dieretuin van Suid-Afrika">Die Nasionale Dieretuin van Suid-Afrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rietvlei_Natuurreservaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Rietvlei Natuurreservaat">Rietvlei Natuurreservaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springbokpark,_Pretoria" title="Springbokpark, Pretoria">Springbokpark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strubendam-vo%C3%ABlreservaat" title="Strubendam-voëlreservaat">Strubendam-voëlreservaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venningpark" title="Venningpark">Venningpark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonderboom-natuurreservaat" title="Wonderboom-natuurreservaat">Wonderboom-natuurreservaat</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Teaters">Teaters</h4></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asbosteater" title="Asbosteater">Asbosteater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atterburyteater" title="Atterburyteater">Atterburyteater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklynteater" title="Brooklynteater">Brooklynteater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Barnyard_Theatre" title="The Barnyard Theatre">The Barnyard Theatre</a>, Parkview</li> <li>Die <a href="/wiki/Kleinteater" title="Kleinteater">Kleinteater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_Lier_(UP)" title="Die Lier (UP)">Die Lier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskerteater" title="Maskerteater">Maskerteater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierneefteater" title="Pierneefteater">Pierneefteater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrikaanse_Staatsteater" title="Suid-Afrikaanse Staatsteater">Die Staatsteater</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Winkelsentrums">Winkelsentrums</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Sammy_Marks_Square,_Pretoria.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Sammy_Marks_Square%2C_Pretoria.JPG/220px-Sammy_Marks_Square%2C_Pretoria.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Sammy_Marks_Square%2C_Pretoria.JPG/330px-Sammy_Marks_Square%2C_Pretoria.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Sammy_Marks_Square%2C_Pretoria.JPG/440px-Sammy_Marks_Square%2C_Pretoria.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Sammy Marks Plein, Pretoria</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Besigheidsentrum_in_Lynnwood_Manor,_Pretoria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Besigheidsentrum_in_Lynnwood_Manor%2C_Pretoria.jpg/220px-Besigheidsentrum_in_Lynnwood_Manor%2C_Pretoria.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Besigheidsentrum_in_Lynnwood_Manor%2C_Pretoria.jpg/330px-Besigheidsentrum_in_Lynnwood_Manor%2C_Pretoria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Besigheidsentrum_in_Lynnwood_Manor%2C_Pretoria.jpg/440px-Besigheidsentrum_in_Lynnwood_Manor%2C_Pretoria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2624" /></a><figcaption>'n Besigheidsentrum het in Lynnwood Manor langs die Nasionale Roete 1 ontstaan</figcaption></figure> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> <ul><li>Atterbury Boulevard</li> <li>Atterbury Value Mart</li> <li>Brooklyn-sentrum*</li> <li>Brooklyn Design Square</li> <li>Centurion-winkelsentrum*</li> <li>Hatfield Plaza*</li> <li>Irene Village Mall*</li> <li>Kolonnade-sentrum*</li> <li>Mall @ Reds*</li> <li>Menlyn Retail Park</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menlyn_Park" title="Menlyn Park">Menlyn Park</a>-winkelsentrum*</li> <li>Parkview-sentrum</li> <li>Sammy Marks Square</li> <li>Sancardia-winkelsentrum</li> <li>Sterland*</li> <li>Sunny Park</li> <li>The Grove-winkelsentrum*</li> <li>Woodlands Boulevard*</li> <li>Wonderboom Junction-winkelsentrum</li> <li>Wonderpark-winkelsentrum*</li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Notas</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>'n Asterisk (*) beteken dat die winkelsentrum 'n teaterkompleks met ten minste vier teaters het.</li> <li>Die ysskaatsbaan by die Kolonnade-sentrum is in 2012 gesluit omdat dit nie meer finansieel lewensvatbaar was om dit te onderhou nie.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Die Grove-winkelsentrum het in 2014 'n ysskaatsbaan geopen.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Susterstede">Susterstede</h2></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; -webkit-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Staat_Palestina" title="Vlag van Staat Palestina"><img alt="Vlag van Staat Palestina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Betlehem" title="Betlehem">Betlehem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Staat_Palestina" title="Staat Palestina">Palestina</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Vlag van Verenigde State van Amerika"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigde State van Amerika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Verenigde State van Amerika">Verenigde State</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republiek_van_China" title="Vlag van Republiek van China"><img alt="Vlag van Republiek van China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republiek_China" title="Republiek China">Republiek China</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taiwan_(eiland)" title="Taiwan (eiland)">Taiwan</a>)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFne" title="Vlag van Oekraïne"><img alt="Vlag van Oekraïne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ki%C3%ABf" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiëf">Kiëf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFne" title="Oekraïne">Oekraïne</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Vlag van Iran"><img alt="Vlag van Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Teheran" title="Teheran">Teheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Azerbeidjan" title="Vlag van Azerbeidjan"><img alt="Vlag van Azerbeidjan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bakoe" title="Bakoe">Bakoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbeidjan" title="Azerbeidjan">Azerbeidjan</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jordani%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Jordanië"><img alt="Vlag van Jordanië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordani%C3%AB" title="Jordanië">Jordanië</a></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Vlag van Nederland"><img alt="Vlag van Nederland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Delft,_Nederland" title="Delft, Nederland">Delft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederland</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sien_ook">Sien ook</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_dorpe_in_Suid-Afrika" class="mw-redirect" title="Lys van dorpe in Suid-Afrika">Lys van dorpe in Suid-Afrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gereformeerde_kerk_Pretoria" title="Gereformeerde kerk Pretoria">Gereformeerde kerk Pretoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NG_gemeente_Pretoria" title="NG gemeente Pretoria">NG gemeente Pretoria</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-4" style="-moz-column-count: 4; -webkit-column-count: 4; column-count: 4; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/za-preto.html">"Pretoria (South Africa)"</a>. Crwflags.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327190006/https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/za-preto.html">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 27 Maart 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">12 Februarie</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pretoria+%28South+Africa%29&rft.pub=Crwflags.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crwflags.com%2Ffotw%2Fflags%2Fza-preto.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07212011-123414/unrestricted/05back.pdf">"Chronological order of town establishment in South Africa based on Floyd (1960:20-26)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. pp. xlv–lii. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190713023732/http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07212011-123414/unrestricted/05back.pdf">Geargiveer</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> vanaf die oorspronklike op 13 Julie 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chronological+order+of+town+establishment+in+South+Africa+based+on+Floyd+%281960%3A20-26%29&rft.pages=xlv-lii&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fupetd.up.ac.za%2Fthesis%2Favailable%2Fetd-07212011-123414%2Funrestricted%2F05back.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2011-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-census2011_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-census2011_3-1">3,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-census2011_3-2">3,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-census2011_3-3">3,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/799035">"Hoofplek Pretoria"</a>. <i>Sensus 2011</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sensus+2011&rft.atitle=Hoofplek+Pretoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensus2011.adrianfrith.com%2Fplace%2F799035&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Allen, Vivien, <i>Kruger's Pretoria</i>, A.A. Balkema Publishers, Cape Town, 1971, bl. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4584211.stm">Pretoria name change is approved</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Afrikaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">af</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beeld.com/Suid-Afrika/Nuus/Pta-net-n-wit-buurt-premier-20120220"><i>Beeld</i>, 21 Februarie 2012</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_E._Raper1987" class="citation book cs1">Peter E. Raper (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/page/n373/mode/2up?view=theater"><i>Dictionary of Southern African Place Names</i></a>. Internet Archive. p. 373<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">23 Mei</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Southern+African+Place+Names&rft.pages=373&rft.pub=Internet+Archive&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Peter+E.+Raper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FDictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames%2Fpage%2Fn373%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freemaptools.com/elevation-finder.htm"><i>Elevation Finder – freemaptools.com</i>, Hoogte bo seevlak aangedui: Stadsaal van Pretoria, 27 Junie 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-PTA-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA-PTA_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-I/UA/68262.TXT">"Pretoria Climate Normals 1961–1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 Julie</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pretoria+Climate+Normals+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FRA-I%2FUA%2F68262.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> James Bainbridge: <i>South Africa, Lesotho & Swaziland</i>. E-boek-uitgawe. Lonely Planet Publications 2009, bl. 425</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eastern.co.za/artikel.asp?nID=410">Eastern Nuus/News, Desember 2005: <i>Fonteinedal bears the first white settlers</i> Besoek op 19 Junie 2008</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061006153649/http://www.eastern.co.za/artikel.asp?nID=410">Geargiveer</a> 6 Oktober 2006 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Afrikaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">af</span>) </span> McDonald, Elsa: <i>Victoriaanse ondernemerskap</i>. In: <i>Suid-Afrikaanse Panorama</i>, volume 32, nommer 6 (Junie 1987), bl. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Afrikaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">af</span>) </span> Mc Donald (1987), bl. 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artefacts.co.za/main/Buildings/bldgframes.php?bldgid=7053"><i>Artefacts.co.za: House George Heys, Melrose House. Besoek op 20 Junie 2017</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McDonald_1987,_bl._37-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-McDonald_1987,_bl._37_15-0">15,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-McDonald_1987,_bl._37_15-1">15,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Afrikaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">af</span>) </span> McDonald (1987), bl. 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/pretoria-timeline-1800-2009?page=2"><i>www.sahistory.org: Pretoria Timeline 1800–2009. Besoek op 19 Mei 2015</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518000732/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/live-tshwane-elects-a-mayor-20160819">"As it happened: Amidst much ANC heckling, the DA's Msimanga becomes Tshwane mayor"</a>. 19 Augustus 2016. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/live-tshwane-elects-a-mayor-20160819">die oorspronklike</a> op 18 Mei 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=As+it+happened%3A+Amidst+much+ANC+heckling%2C+the+DA%27s+Msimanga+becomes+Tshwane+mayor&rft.date=2016-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news24.com%2FSouthAfrica%2FNews%2Flive-tshwane-elects-a-mayor-20160819&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enca.com/news/new-tshwane-mayor">"Stevens Mokgalapa elected new Tshwane mayor"</a>. 12 Februarie 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191009111218/https://www.enca.com/news/new-tshwane-mayor">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 9 Oktober 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stevens+Mokgalapa+elected+new+Tshwane+mayor&rft.date=2019-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enca.com%2Fnews%2Fnew-tshwane-mayor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMoatshe2020" class="citation news cs1">Moatshe, Rapula (19 Februarie 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iol.co.za/pretoria-news/tshwane-mayor-stevens-mokgalapa-bows-out-42969024">"Tshwane mayor Stevens Mokgalapa bows out"</a>. IOL<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">30 Oktober</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tshwane+mayor+Stevens+Mokgalapa+bows+out&rft.date=2020-02-19&rft.aulast=Moatshe&rft.aufirst=Rapula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iol.co.za%2Fpretoria-news%2Ftshwane-mayor-stevens-mokgalapa-bows-out-42969024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFDeklerk2020" class="citation news cs1">Deklerk, Aphiwe (5 Maart 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2020-03-05-tshwane-municipality-dissolved/">"Tshwane municipality dissolved 'for the sake of its residents'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>TimesLIVE</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">30 Oktober</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TimesLIVE&rft.atitle=Tshwane+municipality+dissolved+%27for+the+sake+of+its+residents%27&rft.date=2020-03-05&rft.aulast=Deklerk&rft.aufirst=Aphiwe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeslive.co.za%2Fpolitics%2F2020-03-05-tshwane-municipality-dissolved%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/politics/2377746/randall-williams-elected-new-executive-mayor-of-tshwane/">"The ANC made a surprise announcement before the vote that it would not be fielding any candidates"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Citizen" title="The Citizen">The Citizen</a>. 30 Oktober 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">30 Oktober</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+ANC+made+a+surprise+announcement+before+the+vote+that+it+would+not+be+fielding+any+candidates.&rft.pub=The+Citizen&rft.date=2020-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcitizen.co.za%2Fnews%2Fsouth-africa%2Fpolitics%2F2377746%2Frandall-williams-elected-new-executive-mayor-of-tshwane%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMalaika_Ditabo2023" class="citation web cs1">Malaika Ditabo (13 Februarie 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news24.com/news24/politics/government/randall-williams-says-resignation-as-tshwane-mayor-in-best-interest-of-coalition-government-20230213">"Randall Williams says resignation as Tshwane mayor in 'best interest' of coalition government"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nuus24" title="Nuus24">Nuus24</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Randall+Williams+says+resignation+as+Tshwane+mayor+in+%27best+interest%27+of+coalition+government&rft.pub=Nuus24&rft.date=2023-02-13&rft.au=Malaika+Ditabo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news24.com%2Fnews24%2Fpolitics%2Fgovernment%2Frandall-williams-says-resignation-as-tshwane-mayor-in-best-interest-of-coalition-government-20230213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2023-03-28-cilliers-brink-is-the-newly-elected-mayor-of-tshwane/">"Cilliers Brink is the newly elected mayor of Tshwane"</a>. TimesLIVE. 28 Maart 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cilliers+Brink+is+the+newly+elected+mayor+of+Tshwane&rft.pub=TimesLIVE&rft.date=2023-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeslive.co.za%2Fpolitics%2F2023-03-28-cilliers-brink-is-the-newly-elected-mayor-of-tshwane%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Kevin Shillington: <i>Encyclopedia of African History. Volume 3. P–Z Index: Pretoria</i>. New York, NY 2005: Fitzroy Dearborn 2005, bl. 1229</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wonderboomairport.co.za/">Wonderboomlughawe</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Afrikaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">af</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zambi.co.za/artikel.asp?nID=482">Verdere ontwikkeling van lughawe in vooruitsig</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194715/http://www.zambi.co.za/artikel.asp?nID=482">Geargiveer</a> 4 Maart 2016 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (Julie 2006)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wikimapia.org/30495/">Padkaart en satellietfoto van die Wonderboomlughawe</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Afrikaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">af</span>) </span> Boshoff, Dawie: <i>Jakarandastad vier fees</i>. In: Suid-Afrikaanse Panorama, jaargang 35, nommer 2 (Maart/April 1990), bl. 73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Afrikaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">af</span>) </span> Boshoff (1990), bl. 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Afrikaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">af</span>) </span> Boshoff (1990), bl. 73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Afrikaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">af</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afrikaans.news24.com/Suid-Afrika/Nuus/Zuma-vier-Mandeladag-in-Danville-20130715"><i>Zuma vier Mandeladag in Danville</i>. In: <i>Nuus24</i>, 15 Julie 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://census2001.adrianfrith.com/place/TSH">Die 2001-sensussyfers soos weergegee deur Adrian Frith</a>. URL besoek op 13 November 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://census2011.adrianfrith.com/place/799">Die 2011-sensussyfers soos weergegee deur Adrian Frith</a>. URL besoek op 13 November 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shillington_2005-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Shillington_2005_34-0">34,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Shillington_2005_34-1">34,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Afrikaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">af</span>) </span> Shillington (2005), bl. 1229</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Afrikaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">af</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dspace.nwu.ac.za/handle/10394/5135"><i>Noordwes-Universiteit – F J Nöthling (1979): Gekleurdes en Pretoria se sypaadjies. Besoek op 8 Julie 2015</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150721043724/http://www.sazionism.co.za/history-of-pretoria-jewry.html">"South African Jewry: History of Pretoria Jewry"</a>. Support Association for Zionism. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sazionism.co.za/history-of-pretoria-jewry.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 21 Julie 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">21 Julie</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+African+Jewry%3A+History+of+Pretoria+Jewry&rft.pub=Support+Association+for+Zionism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sazionism.co.za%2Fhistory-of-pretoria-jewry.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Afrikaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">af</span>) </span> <i>En daar verrys toe 'n Boeddhiste-sentrum</i>. In: <i>Pretoria Moot Rekord</i>, 24 April 2015, bl. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Afrikaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">af</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.netwerk24.com/Nuus/Boere-Boeddhis-begin-sentrum-in-Pretoria-20150415"><i>netwerk24.com, 15 April 2015: Boere-Boeddhis begin sentrum in Pretoria. Besoek op 30 Julie 2019</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Afrikaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">af</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFCornelissen2019" class="citation web cs1">Cornelissen, Christel (20 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maroelamedia.co.za/nuus/sa-nuus/lardies-rou-na-ongeluk-leerling-eis/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Lardies' rou ná ongeluk leerling eis"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Maroela_Media" title="Maroela Media">Maroela Media</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200524112448/https://maroelamedia.co.za/nuus/sa-nuus/lardies-rou-na-ongeluk-leerling-eis/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 24 Mei 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maroela+Media&rft.atitle=%E2%80%98Lardies%E2%80%99+rou+n%C3%A1+ongeluk+leerling+eis&rft.date=2019-11-20&rft.aulast=Cornelissen&rft.aufirst=Christel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaroelamedia.co.za%2Fnuus%2Fsa-nuus%2Flardies-rou-na-ongeluk-leerling-eis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFPremier_Soccer_League2012" class="citation web cs1">Premier Soccer League (13 Mei 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.supersport.com/football/national-first-division/news/120513/Tuks_secures_Premiership_promotion">"Tuks secure Premiership promotion – SuperSport – Football"</a>. SuperSport. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200307091843/https://supersport.com/football/national-first-division/news/120513/Tuks_secures_Premiership_promotion">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 7 Maart 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tuks+secure+Premiership+promotion+%E2%80%93+SuperSport+%E2%80%93+Football&rft.pub=SuperSport&rft.date=2012-05-13&rft.au=Premier+Soccer+League&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.supersport.com%2Ffootball%2Fnational-first-division%2Fnews%2F120513%2FTuks_secures_Premiership_promotion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sport/2012/05/10/amatuks-make-it-to-top-flight">"AmaTuks make it to top flight"</a>. Sowetan LIVE. 10 Mei 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170702021117/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sport/2012/05/10/amatuks-make-it-to-top-flight">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 2 Julie 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AmaTuks+make+it+to+top+flight&rft.pub=Sowetan+LIVE&rft.date=2012-05-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sowetanlive.co.za%2Fsport%2F2012%2F05%2F10%2Famatuks-make-it-to-top-flight&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/23275675/">"| Cricket News | Global"</a>. ESPNcricinfo. 28 Augustus 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200524112322/https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/23275675">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 24 Mei 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%26%23124%3B+Cricket+News+%26%23124%3B+Global&rft.pub=ESPNcricinfo&rft.date=2002-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F23275675%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140818125633/http://titans.co.za/history-of-titans-cricket.html">"History of Titans Cricket"</a>. Titans.co.za. 10 Julie 2014. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.titans.co.za/history-of-titans-cricket.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 18 Augustus 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Julie</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Titans+Cricket&rft.pub=Titans.co.za&rft.date=2014-07-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.titans.co.za%2Fhistory-of-titans-cricket.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFFirdose_Moonda2021" class="citation web cs1">Firdose Moonda (8 Maart 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/revamped-two-tier-south-african-domestic-structure-ready-to-take-off-1254217">"Revamped two-tier South African domestic structure ready to take off"</a>. ESPNcricinfo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">3 Mei</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Revamped+two-tier+South+African+domestic+structure+ready+to+take+off&rft.pub=ESPNcricinfo&rft.date=2021-03-08&rft.au=Firdose+Moonda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fstory%2Frevamped-two-tier-south-african-domestic-structure-ready-to-take-off-1254217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Chinees">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">zh</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ptbcc.com">"魁斗财经"</a>. <i>www.ptbcc.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180806030159/http://ptbcc.com/">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 6 Augustus 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ptbcc.com&rft.atitle=%E9%AD%81%E6%96%97%E8%B4%A2%E7%BB%8F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ptbcc.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Afrikaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">af</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boerevryheid.co.za/forums/archive/index.php/t-260.html"><i>www.boerevryheid.co.za: Die geskiedenis van Pretoria</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110821144735/http://www.boerevryheid.co.za/forums/archive/index.php/t-260.html">Geargiveer</a> 21 Augustus 2011 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Afrikaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">af</span>) </span> Boshoff, Dawie: <i>Kultuurerfenis</i>. In: <i>Suid-Afrikaanse Panorama</i>, jaargang 35, nommer 1 (Januarie/Februarie 1990)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Afrikaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">af</span>) </span> Heila van Rensburg: <i>Pretoria se ou huise</i>. In: <i>Suid-Afrikaanse Panorama</i>, volume 31, nommer 5, Mei 1986, bl. 31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iolproperty.co.za/roller/news/entry/tshwane_s_kolonnade_ice_rink">"Tshwane's Kolonnade ice rink to relocate"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191009105716/http://www.iolproperty.co.za/roller/news/entry/tshwane_s_kolonnade_ice_rink">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 9 Oktober 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">12 Februarie</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tshwane%27s+Kolonnade+ice+rink+to+relocate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iolproperty.co.za%2Froller%2Fnews%2Fentry%2Ftshwane_s_kolonnade_ice_rink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150627051610/http://www.thegrovemall.co.za/ice_rink.htm">"The Grove Ice rink"</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thegrovemall.co.za/ice_rink.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 27 Junie 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">4 Julie</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Grove+Ice+rink&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegrovemall.co.za%2Fice_rink.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronne">Bronne</h2></div> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBell1905" class="citation book cs1">H.T. Montague Bell; C. Arthur Lane (1905). "Pretoria". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OeRnrH19kwMC&pg=PA9"><i>Guide to the Transvaal</i></a>. Johannesburg Reception Committee.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pretoria&rft.btitle=Guide+to+the+Transvaal&rft.pub=Johannesburg+Reception+Committee&rft.date=1905&rft.au=H.T.+Montague+Bell&rft.au=C.+Arthur+Lane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOeRnrH19kwMC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFA._Samler_BrownG._Gordon_Brown1906">A. Samler Brown; G. Gordon Brown, eds. (1906), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GYdJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA398">"Pretoria"</a>, <i>Guide to South Africa</i> (14th ed.), Londen: Sampson Low, Marston & Company<span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GYdJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA398">https://books.google.com/books?id=GYdJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA398</a></span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Pretoria&rft.atitle=Guide+to+South+Africa&rft.date=1906&rft.edition=14th&rft.place=Londen&rft.pub=Sampson+Low%2C+Marston+%26+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGYdJAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA398&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Pretoria"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFHeenan1996" class="citation book cs1">Patrick Heenan (1996). "Pretoria". In Noelle Watson (red.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R44VRnNCzAYC"><i>International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa</i></a>. UK: Routledge. pp. 592+. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/1-884964-03-6" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/1-884964-03-6"><bdi>1-884964-03-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pretoria&rft.btitle=International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places%3A+Middle+East+and+Africa&rft.place=UK&rft.pages=592%2B&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-884964-03-6&rft.au=Patrick+Heenan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR44VRnNCzAYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Paxton1999" class="citation book cs1">John Paxton, red. (1999). "Pretoria, South Africa". <i>Penguin Encyclopedia of Places</i> (3rd uitg.). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-14-051275-5" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-14-051275-5"><bdi>978-0-14-051275-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pretoria%2C+South+Africa&rft.btitle=Penguin+Encyclopedia+of+Places&rft.edition=3rd&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-14-051275-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMathabatha2004" class="citation book cs1">Sello Mathabatha (2004). "The PAC and the POQO in Pretoria, 1958–1964". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qIQttVhKf3EC"><i>Road to Democracy in South Africa: 1960–1970</i></a>. Zebra. South African Democracy Education Trust. p. 299+. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-86872-906-7" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-86872-906-7"><bdi>978-1-86872-906-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+PAC+and+the+POQO+in+Pretoria%2C+1958%E2%80%931964&rft.btitle=Road+to+Democracy+in+South+Africa%3A+1960%E2%80%931970&rft.pages=299%2B&rft.pub=Zebra&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-86872-906-7&rft.au=Sello+Mathabatha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqIQttVhKf3EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFKevin_Shillington2005">Kevin Shillington, ed. (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=umyHqvAErOAC">"Pretoria"</a>, <i>Encyclopedia of African History</i>, Londen: Routledge, p. 1229+<span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=umyHqvAErOAC">https://books.google.com/books?id=umyHqvAErOAC</a></span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Pretoria&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+of+African+History&rft.date=2005&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B1229%2B&rft.place=Londen&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DumyHqvAErOAC&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Pretoria"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFVivien_AllenHannes_Meiring2007" class="citation book cs1">Vivien Allen; Hannes Meiring (2007). <i>Kruger's Pretoria: Buildings and Personalities of the City in the Nineteenth Century</i>. Protea Book House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-86919-102-3" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-1-86919-102-3"><bdi>978-1-86919-102-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kruger%27s+Pretoria%3A+Buildings+and+Personalities+of+the+City+in+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.pub=Protea+Book+House&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-86919-102-3&rft.au=Vivien+Allen&rft.au=Hannes+Meiring&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pretoria" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pretoria">Pretoria</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Sien <i><b><a href="https://af.wiktionary.org/wiki/Pretoria" class="extiw" title="wikt:Pretoria">Pretoria</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, die vrye woordeboek.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Toerisme-inligting oor <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Pretoria">Pretoria</a> op <a href="/wiki/Wikivoyage" title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tshwane.gov.za/">Munisipale webtuiste</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.satour.co.za/">SA Toerismeraad webtuiste</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141205185039/http://www.satour.co.za/">Geargiveer</a> 5 Desember 2014 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Pretoria">"Pretoria"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">23 Mei</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pretoria&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FPretoria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3APretoria" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Stad_Tshwane_Metropolitaanse_Munisipaliteit,_Gauteng" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Suid-Afrikaanse_distriksmunisipaliteit_navbox" title="Sjabloon:Suid-Afrikaanse distriksmunisipaliteit navbox"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:Suid-Afrikaanse_distriksmunisipaliteit_navbox" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Suid-Afrikaanse distriksmunisipaliteit navbox"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Suid-Afrikaanse_distriksmunisipaliteit_navbox&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Stad_Tshwane_Metropolitaanse_Munisipaliteit,_Gauteng" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Stad_Tshwane_Metropolitaanse_Munisipaliteit" title="Stad Tshwane Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit">Stad Tshwane Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gauteng" title="Gauteng">Gauteng</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="Setel&#58;_Pretoria">Setel: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pretoria</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nedersettings</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bronkhorstspruit" title="Bronkhorstspruit">Bronkhorstspruit</a> • <a href="/wiki/Centurion" title="Centurion">Centurion</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cullinan" title="Cullinan">Cullinan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ekangala" title="Ekangala">Ekangala</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ga-Rankuwa" title="Ga-Rankuwa">Ga-Rankuwa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hammanskraal" title="Hammanskraal">Hammanskraal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kleinfontein" title="Kleinfontein">Kleinfontein</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mabopane" title="Mabopane">Mabopane</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mamelodi" title="Mamelodi">Mamelodi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nuwe_Eersterus" title="Nuwe Eersterus">Nuwe Eersterus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Onderstepoort,_Gauteng" title="Onderstepoort, Gauteng">Onderstepoort</a> • <a href="/wiki/Onverwacht,_Gauteng" title="Onverwacht, Gauteng">Onverwacht</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pretoria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rayton" title="Rayton">Rayton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Refilwe" title="Refilwe">Refilwe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rosslyn" title="Rosslyn">Rosslyn</a> • <a href="/wiki/Saulsville" title="Saulsville">Saulsville</a> • <a href="/wiki/Soshanguve" title="Soshanguve">Soshanguve</a> • <a href="/wiki/Temba" title="Temba">Temba</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wallmannsthal" title="Wallmannsthal">Wallmannsthal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zithobeni" title="Zithobeni">Zithobeni</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Map_of_South_Africa_with_Tshwane_highlighted_(2011).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="City of Tshwane within South Africa"><img alt="City of Tshwane within South Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Map_of_South_Africa_with_Tshwane_highlighted_%282011%29.svg/75px-Map_of_South_Africa_with_Tshwane_highlighted_%282011%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Map_of_South_Africa_with_Tshwane_highlighted_%282011%29.svg/113px-Map_of_South_Africa_with_Tshwane_highlighted_%282011%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Map_of_South_Africa_with_Tshwane_highlighted_%282011%29.svg/150px-Map_of_South_Africa_with_Tshwane_highlighted_%282011%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>City of Tshwane within South Africa</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Voorstede van<br /><a href="/wiki/Centurion" title="Centurion">Centurion</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Amberfield" title="Amberfield">Amberfield</a> • <a href="/wiki/Blue_Valley_Gholflandgoed" title="Blue Valley Gholflandgoed">Blue Valley</a> • <a href="/wiki/Brookelands_Lewenstyllandgoed" title="Brookelands Lewenstyllandgoed">Brookelands Lewenstyl</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bronberrick" title="Bronberrick">Bronberrick</a> • <a href="/wiki/Centurion_Gholflandgoed" title="Centurion Gholflandgoed">Centurion Gholflandgoed</a> • <a href="/wiki/Claudius,_Pretoria" title="Claudius, Pretoria">Claudius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Clubview" title="Clubview">Clubview</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Hill" title="Cornwall Hill">Cornwall Hill</a> • <a href="/wiki/Doringkloof" title="Doringkloof">Doringkloof</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eco-Park_Estate" title="Eco-Park Estate">Eco-Park Estate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eldo_Glen" title="Eldo Glen">Eldo Glen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eldoraigne" title="Eldoraigne">Eldoraigne</a> • <a href="/wiki/Erasmia" title="Erasmia">Erasmia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hennopspark" title="Hennopspark">Hennopspark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Heuweloord" title="Heuweloord">Heuweloord</a> • <a href="/wiki/Heuwelsig_Landgoed" title="Heuwelsig Landgoed">Heuwelsig Landgoed</a> • <a href="/wiki/Highveld" title="Highveld">Highveld</a> • <a href="/wiki/Irene" title="Irene">Irene</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kloofsig" title="Kloofsig">Kloofsig</a> • <a href="/wiki/Laudium" title="Laudium">Laudium</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lyttelton" title="Lyttelton">Lyttelton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Olievenhoutbosch" title="Olievenhoutbosch">Olievenhoutbosch</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pierre_van_Ryneveldpark" title="Pierre van Ryneveldpark">Pierre van Ryneveldpark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Raslouw" title="Raslouw">Raslouw</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rooihuiskraal" title="Rooihuiskraal">Rooihuiskraal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Southdowns_Irene_Country_Farm" title="Southdowns Irene Country Farm">Southdowns Irene</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sunderlandrif" title="Sunderlandrif">Sunderlandrif</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thatchfield" title="Thatchfield">Thatchfield</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Reeds" title="The Reeds">The Reeds</a> • <a href="/wiki/Valhalla" title="Valhalla">Valhalla</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wierdapark" title="Wierdapark">Wierdapark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zwartkop" title="Zwartkop">Zwartkop</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Voorstede van<br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pretoria</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Akasia" title="Akasia">Akasia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alphen_Park" title="Alphen Park">Alphen Park</a> • <a href="/wiki/Amandasig" title="Amandasig">Amandasig</a> • <a href="/wiki/Annlin" title="Annlin">Annlin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Arcadia,_Pretoria" title="Arcadia, Pretoria">Arcadia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ashlea_Gardens" title="Ashlea Gardens">Ashlea Gardens</a> • <a href="/wiki/Atteridgeville" title="Atteridgeville">Atteridgeville</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bailey%27s_Muckleneuk" title="Bailey's Muckleneuk">Bailey's Muckleneuk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Booysens,_Pretoria" title="Booysens, Pretoria">Booysens</a> • <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn,_Pretoria" title="Brooklyn, Pretoria">Brooklyn</a> • <a href="/wiki/Brummeria" title="Brummeria">Brummeria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Capital_Park" title="Capital Park">Capital Park</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chantelle" title="Chantelle">Chantelle</a> • <a href="/wiki/Claremont,_Pretoria" title="Claremont, Pretoria">Claremont</a> • <a href="/wiki/Clarina" title="Clarina">Clarina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Clearwater_Flyfishing_Estate" title="Clearwater Flyfishing Estate">Clearwater Flyfishing Estate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Colbyn" title="Colbyn">Colbyn</a> • <a href="/wiki/Constantiapark" title="Constantiapark">Constantiapark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Danville" title="Danville">Danville</a> • <a href="/wiki/Daspoort" title="Daspoort">Daspoort</a> • <a href="/wiki/Derdepoortpark" title="Derdepoortpark">Derdepoortpark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Die_Wilgers" title="Die Wilgers">Die Wilgers</a> • <a href="/wiki/Doornpoort" title="Doornpoort">Doornpoort</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dorandia" title="Dorandia">Dorandia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eastlynne" title="Eastlynne">Eastlynne</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eastwood" title="Eastwood">Eastwood</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eersterust" title="Eersterust">Eersterust</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ekklesia" title="Ekklesia">Ekklesia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Elandspoort" title="Elandspoort">Elandspoort</a> • <a href="/wiki/Elarduspark" title="Elarduspark">Elarduspark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eloffsdal" title="Eloffsdal">Eloffsdal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Equestria" title="Equestria">Equestria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Erasmuskloof" title="Erasmuskloof">Erasmuskloof</a> • <a href="/wiki/Erasmusrand" title="Erasmusrand">Erasmusrand</a> • <a href="/wiki/Faerie_Glen" title="Faerie Glen">Faerie Glen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Florauna" title="Florauna">Florauna</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fortina_Landbouhoewes" title="Fortina Landbouhoewes">Fortina Landbouhoewes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Garsfontein" title="Garsfontein">Garsfontein</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gezina,_Pretoria" title="Gezina, Pretoria">Gezina</a> • <a href="/wiki/Groenkloof" title="Groenkloof">Groenkloof</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hatfield,_Pretoria" title="Hatfield, Pretoria">Hatfield</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hazelwood" title="Hazelwood">Hazelwood</a> • <a href="/wiki/Heatherdale_Landbouhoewes" title="Heatherdale Landbouhoewes">Heatherdale LH</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hermanstad" title="Hermanstad">Hermanstad</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hesteapark" title="Hesteapark">Hesteapark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hillcrest,_Pretoria" title="Hillcrest, Pretoria">Hillcrest</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hornsoord_Landbouhoewes" title="Hornsoord Landbouhoewes">Hornsoord Landbouhoewes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jan_Niemand_Park" title="Jan Niemand Park">Jan Niemand Park</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kameeldrift" title="Kameeldrift">Kameeldrift</a> • <a href="/wiki/Karenpark" title="Karenpark">Karenpark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kilnerpark" title="Kilnerpark">Kilnerpark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Koedoespoort" title="Koedoespoort">Koedoespoort</a> • <a href="/wiki/Krauseville_Hoewes" title="Krauseville Hoewes">Krauseville Hoewes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kwaggasrand" title="Kwaggasrand">Kwaggasrand</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lady_Selborne,_Pretoria" title="Lady Selborne, Pretoria">Lady Selborne</a> • <a href="/wiki/La_Montagne" title="La Montagne">La Montagne</a> • <a href="/wiki/Les_Marais" title="Les Marais">Les Marais</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lindopark" title="Lindopark">Lindopark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Loftus_Stadium" title="Loftus Stadium">Loftus Stadium</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Gardens" title="Lotus Gardens">Lotus Gardens</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Gardens_uitb._2" title="Lotus Gardens uitb. 2">Lotus Gardens uitb. 2</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lukasrand" title="Lukasrand">Lukasrand</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lydiana" title="Lydiana">Lydiana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lynnwood" title="Lynnwood">Lynnwood</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lynnwood_Glen" title="Lynnwood Glen">Lynnwood Glen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lynnwood_Manor" title="Lynnwood Manor">Lynnwood Manor</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lynnwood_Park" title="Lynnwood Park">Lynnwood Park</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lynnwoodrif" title="Lynnwoodrif">Lynnwoodrif</a> • <a href="/wiki/Magalieskruin" title="Magalieskruin">Magalieskruin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Magaliesmoot" title="Magaliesmoot">Magaliesmoot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mamelodi" title="Mamelodi">Mamelodi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marabastad" title="Marabastad">Marabastad</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mayville" title="Mayville">Mayville</a> • <a href="/wiki/Menlopark,_Pretoria" title="Menlopark, Pretoria">Menlopark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Menlyn" title="Menlyn">Menlyn</a> • <a href="/wiki/Meyerspark" title="Meyerspark">Meyerspark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Montana_Hoewes" title="Montana Hoewes">Montana Hoewes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Montana_Park" title="Montana Park">Montana Park</a> • <a href="/wiki/Montana_Tuine" title="Montana Tuine">Montana Tuine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Monument_Park" title="Monument Park">Monument Park</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mooikloof" title="Mooikloof">Mooikloof</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mooikloofrif" title="Mooikloofrif">Mooikloofrif</a> • <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B4regloed" title="Môregloed">Môregloed</a> • <a href="/wiki/Moreletapark" title="Moreletapark">Moreletapark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mountain_View,_Pretoria" title="Mountain View, Pretoria">Mountain View</a> • <a href="/wiki/Muckleneuk" title="Muckleneuk">Muckleneuk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Murrayfield" title="Murrayfield">Murrayfield</a> • <a href="/wiki/Newlands,_Pretoria" title="Newlands, Pretoria">Newlands</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nelmapius" title="Nelmapius">Nelmapius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nieuw-Muckleneuk" title="Nieuw-Muckleneuk">Nieuw-Muckleneuk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ninapark" title="Ninapark">Ninapark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Olympus,_Pretoria" title="Olympus, Pretoria">Olympus</a> • <a href="/wiki/Orchards,_Gauteng" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchards, Gauteng">Orchards</a> • <a href="/wiki/Philip_Nelpark" title="Philip Nelpark">Philip Nelpark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pretoria-Noord" title="Pretoria-Noord">Pretoria-Noord</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pretoria-Tuine" title="Pretoria-Tuine">Pretoria-Tuine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pretoria-Wes" title="Pretoria-Wes">Pretoria-Wes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pretoriuspark" title="Pretoriuspark">Pretoriuspark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Prinshof" title="Prinshof">Prinshof</a> • <a href="/wiki/Proklamasieheuwel" title="Proklamasieheuwel">Proklamasieheuwel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Queenswood" title="Queenswood">Queenswood</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rietfontein,_Pretoria" title="Rietfontein, Pretoria">Rietfontein</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rietondale" title="Rietondale">Rietondale</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rietvalleirand" title="Rietvalleirand">Rietvalleirand</a> • <a href="/wiki/Riviera,_Pretoria" title="Riviera, Pretoria">Riviera</a> • <a href="/wiki/Roseville" title="Roseville">Roseville</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosslyn_Industrial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosslyn Industrial (bladsy bestaan nie)">Rosslyn Industrial</a> • <a href="/wiki/Salvokop" title="Salvokop">Salvokop</a> • <a href="/wiki/Shere" title="Shere">Shere</a> • <a href="/wiki/Silver_Lakes" title="Silver Lakes">Silver Lakes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Silver_Lakes_Gholflandgoed" title="Silver Lakes Gholflandgoed">Silver Lakes Gholflandgoed</a> • <a href="/wiki/Silverton" title="Silverton">Silverton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sinoville" title="Sinoville">Sinoville</a> • <a href="/wiki/Six_Fountains" title="Six Fountains">Six Fountains</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sterrewag,_Pretoria" title="Sterrewag, Pretoria">Sterrewag</a> • <a href="/wiki/Suiderberg,_Pretoria" title="Suiderberg, Pretoria">Suiderberg</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sunnyside,_Pretoria" title="Sunnyside, Pretoria">Sunnyside</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thaba_Tshwane" title="Thaba Tshwane">Thaba Tshwane</a> • <a href="/wiki/Theresapark" title="Theresapark">Theresapark</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Wilds,_Pretoria" title="The Wilds, Pretoria">The Wilds</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tileba" title="Tileba">Tileba</a> • <a href="/wiki/Trevenna,_Pretoria" title="Trevenna, Pretoria">Trevenna</a> • <a href="/wiki/Val_de_Grace" title="Val de Grace">Val de Grace</a> • <a href="/wiki/Villieria" title="Villieria">Villieria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wapadrand" title="Wapadrand">Wapadrand</a> • <a href="/wiki/Waterkloof" title="Waterkloof">Waterkloof</a> • <a href="/wiki/Waterkloof_Glen" title="Waterkloof Glen">Waterkloof Glen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Waterkloofpark" title="Waterkloofpark">Waterkloofpark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Waterkloofrif" title="Waterkloofrif">Waterkloofrif</a> • <a href="/wiki/Waltloo" title="Waltloo">Waltloo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Waverley" title="Waverley">Waverley</a> • <a href="/wiki/Weavind_Park" title="Weavind Park">Weavind Park</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wespark" title="Wespark">Wespark</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wildebeesthoek_SH" title="Wildebeesthoek SH">Wildebeesthoek SH</a> • <a href="/wiki/Willow_Acres_Landgoed" title="Willow Acres Landgoed">Willow Acres Landgoed</a> • <a href="/wiki/Willow_Glen" title="Willow Glen">Willow Glen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Willow_Park_Manor" title="Willow Park Manor">Willow Park Manor</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wingate_Park" title="Wingate Park">Wingate Park</a> • <a href="/wiki/Winternest_Landbouhoewes" title="Winternest Landbouhoewes">Winternest LH</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wonderboom-Suid" title="Wonderboom-Suid">Wonderboom-Suid</a> • <a href="/wiki/Woodhill" title="Woodhill">Woodhill</a> • <a href="/wiki/Woodlands,_Pretoria" title="Woodlands, Pretoria">Woodlands</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zambezi_Country_Estate" title="Zambezi Country Estate">Zambezi Country Estate</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zwavelpoort" title="Zwavelpoort">Zwavelpoort</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="50_grootste_nedersettings_in_Suid-Afrika_volgens_bevolking" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:SA_grootste_stede" title="Sjabloon:SA grootste stede"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:SA_grootste_stede" title="Sjabloonbespreking:SA grootste stede"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:SA_grootste_stede&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="50_grootste_nedersettings_in_Suid-Afrika_volgens_bevolking" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">50 grootste nedersettings in <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a> volgens bevolking</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soweto" title="Soweto">Soweto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pretoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tembisa" title="Tembisa">Tembisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaapstad" title="Kaapstad">Kaapstad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katlehong" title="Katlehong">Katlehong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umlazi" title="Umlazi">Umlazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soshanguve" title="Soshanguve">Soshanguve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khayelitsha" title="Khayelitsha">Khayelitsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamelodi" title="Mamelodi">Mamelodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roodepoort" title="Roodepoort">Roodepoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gqeberha" title="Gqeberha">Gqeberha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchells_Plein" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitchells Plein">Mitchells Plein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oos-Londen" title="Oos-Londen">Oos-Londen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boksburg" title="Boksburg">Boksburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germiston" title="Germiston">Germiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBhayi" title="IBhayi">iBhayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athlone" title="Athlone">Athlone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centurion" title="Centurion">Centurion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietermaritzburg" title="Pietermaritzburg">Pietermaritzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandton" title="Sandton">Sandton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebokeng" title="Sebokeng">Sebokeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippi" title="Philippi">Philippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatsworth,_KwaZulu-Natal" title="Chatsworth, KwaZulu-Natal">Chatsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klerksdorp" title="Klerksdorp">Klerksdorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Park" title="Ivory Park">Ivory Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethelsdorp" title="Bethelsdorp">Bethelsdorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra" title="Alexandra">Alexandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inanda,_KwaZulu-Natal" title="Inanda, KwaZulu-Natal">Inanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_KwaZulu-Natal" title="Phoenix, KwaZulu-Natal">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KwaMashu" title="KwaMashu">KwaMashu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemptonpark" title="Kemptonpark">Kemptonpark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vosloorus" title="Vosloorus">Vosloorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benoni" title="Benoni">Benoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George" title="George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mdantsane" title="Mdantsane">Mdantsane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraaifontein" title="Kraaifontein">Kraaifontein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delft,_Kaapstad" title="Delft, Kaapstad">Delft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etwatwa" title="Etwatwa">Etwatwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinetown" title="Pinetown">Pinetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krugersdorp" title="Krugersdorp">Krugersdorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motherwell" title="Motherwell">Motherwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diepsloot_(nedersetting)" title="Diepsloot (nedersetting)">Diepsloot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsakane" title="Tsakane">Tsakane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaton" title="Evaton">Evaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KwaGuqa" title="KwaGuqa">KwaGuqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polokwane" title="Polokwane">Polokwane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daveyton" title="Daveyton">Daveyton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hoofstede_in_Afrika" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Afrika" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Afrika"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:Hoofstede_in_Afrika" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Hoofstede in Afrika"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Afrika&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hoofstede_in_Afrika" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad">Hoofstede</a> in <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hoofstede van <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_lande" title="Lys van lande">onafhanklike lande</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja</a> • <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a> • <a href="/wiki/Addis_Abeba" title="Addis Abeba">Addis Abeba</a> • <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a> • <a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Asmara" title="Asmara">Asmara</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bangui" title="Bangui">Bangui</a> • <a href="/wiki/Banjul" title="Banjul">Banjul</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a> • <a href="/wiki/Conakry" title="Conakry">Conakry</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Djiboeti_(stad)" title="Djiboeti (stad)">Djiboeti</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dodoma" title="Dodoma">Dodoma</a> • <a href="/wiki/Freetown,_Sierra_Leone" title="Freetown, Sierra Leone">Freetown</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gaborone" title="Gaborone">Gaborone</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gitega" title="Gitega">Gitega</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joeba" title="Joeba">Joeba</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ka%C3%AFro" title="Kaïro">Kaïro</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kampala" title="Kampala">Kampala</a> • <a href="/wiki/Khartoem" title="Khartoem">Khartoem</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kigali" title="Kigali">Kigali</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Libreville" title="Libreville">Libreville</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lilongwe" title="Lilongwe">Lilongwe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lom%C3%A9" title="Lomé">Lomé</a> • <a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka">Lusaka</a> • <a href="/wiki/Malabo" title="Malabo">Malabo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maseru" title="Maseru">Maseru</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mbabane" title="Mbabane">Mbabane</a><sup>a</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Mogadisjoe" title="Mogadisjoe">Mogadisjoe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Monrovia" title="Monrovia">Monrovia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Moroni" title="Moroni">Moroni</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a> • <a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a> • <a href="/wiki/Niamey" title="Niamey">Niamey</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott">Nouakchott</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ouagadougou" title="Ouagadougou">Ouagadougou</a> • <a href="/wiki/Port_Louis" title="Port Louis">Port Louis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Porto-Novo" title="Porto-Novo">Porto-Novo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Praia,_Kaap_Verde" title="Praia, Kaap Verde">Praia</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pretoria</a><sup>b</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a> • <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9" title="São Tomé">São Tomé</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tripoli" title="Tripoli">Tripoli</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Seychelle)" title="Victoria (Seychelle)">Victoria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek">Windhoek</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yamoussoukro" title="Yamoussoukro">Yamoussoukro</a><sup>c</sup> • <a href="/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9" title="Yaoundé">Yaoundé</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Africa_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hoofstede van <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_afhanklike_gebiede" title="Lys van afhanklike gebiede">afhanklike gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Sint_Helena" title="Jamestown, Sint Helena">Jamestown</a> • <a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas_de_Gran_Canaria" title="Las Palmas de Gran Canaria">Las Palmas de Gran Canaria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mamoudzou" title="Mamoudzou">Mamoudzou</a> • <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> • <a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hoofstede van <a href="/wiki/Lys_van_omstrede_gebiede" title="Lys van omstrede gebiede">omstrede gebiede</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinda_(stad)" title="Cabinda (stad)">Cabinda</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gaalkacyo" title="Gaalkacyo">Gaalkacyo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Garoowe" title="Garoowe">Garoowe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hargeisa" title="Hargeisa">Hargeisa</a> • <a href="/wiki/La%C3%A2youne" title="Laâyoune">Laâyoune</a><sup>d</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hoofstede van</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Asi%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Asië">Asië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Europa" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Europa">Europa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Noord-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Oseani%C3%AB" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Oseanië">Oseanië</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Hoofstede_in_Suid-Amerika" title="Sjabloon:Hoofstede in Suid-Amerika">Suid-Amerika</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup>a</sup><a href="/wiki/Lobamba" title="Lobamba">Lobamba</a> is die <a href="/wiki/Regeringsetel" title="Regeringsetel">regeringsetel</a>, asook koninklike en wetgewende hoofstad van <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a>. <sup>b</sup><a href="/wiki/Kaapstad" title="Kaapstad">Kaapstad</a> en <a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a> is saam met <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pretoria</a> ook hoofstede van <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a>. <sup>c</sup><a href="/wiki/Abidjan" title="Abidjan">Abidjan</a> is die regeringsetel en ekonomiese hoofstad van die <a href="/wiki/Ivoorkus" title="Ivoorkus">Ivoorkus</a>. <sup>d</sup><a href="/wiki/Tifariti" title="Tifariti">Tifariti</a> dien <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> as hoofstad van die <a href="/wiki/Arabiese_Demokratiese_Republiek_Sahara" title="Arabiese Demokratiese Republiek Sahara">Arabiese Demokratiese Republiek Sahara</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3926&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3926&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3926" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX6016884">XX6016884</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4116098-8">4116098-8</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79023000">n79023000</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Latvia">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000286639&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000286639</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/6c0adac7-8e77-4104-9eaa-ff6359a9ee6b">6c0adac7-8e77-4104-9eaa-ff6359a9ee6b</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044565">10044565</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge307213&CON_LNG=ENG">ge307213</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Greece">NLG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/Authority/Record?id=au.276469">276469</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/159075364">159075364</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/159075364">159075364</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="display:none; right:10px;" class="metadata topicon nopopups" id="featured-star"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Voorbladartikel" title="Hierdie artikel is gekies as 'n voorbladartikel. Klik gerus hier vir meer inligting."><img alt="Hierdie artikel is gekies as 'n voorbladartikel. Klik gerus hier vir meer inligting." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/15px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/23px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pretoria&oldid=2673031">https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pretoria&oldid=2673031</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Kategorie%C3%AB" title="Spesiaal:Kategorieë">Kategorieë</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorie:Inligtingskas_Nedersetting_met_lys_van_leuses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorie:Inligtingskas Nedersetting met lys van leuses (bladsy bestaan nie)">Inligtingskas Nedersetting met lys van leuses</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Hoofstede_in_Afrika" title="Kategorie:Hoofstede in Afrika">Hoofstede in Afrika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Pretoria" title="Kategorie:Pretoria">Pretoria</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Versteekte kategorieë: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Bladsye_met_nie-numeriese_argumente_vir_formatnum" title="Kategorie:Bladsye met nie-numeriese argumente vir formatnum">Bladsye met nie-numeriese argumente vir formatnum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Ko%C3%B6rdinate_op_Wikidata" title="Kategorie:Koördinate op Wikidata">Koördinate op Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_BNE-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met BNE-identifiseerders">Artikels met BNE-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_GND-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met GND-identifiseerders">Artikels met GND-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_LCCN-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders">Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_LNB-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met LNB-identifiseerders">Artikels met LNB-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_MusicBrainz_area-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met MusicBrainz area-identifiseerders">Artikels met MusicBrainz area-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NARA-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders">Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NKC-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders">Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NLG-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NLG-identifiseerders">Artikels met NLG-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_VIAF-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met VIAF-identifiseerders">Artikels met VIAF-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders">Artikels met WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Normdata_met_9_elemente" title="Kategorie:Normdata met 9 elemente">Normdata met 9 elemente</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Voorbladartikels" title="Kategorie:Voorbladartikels">Voorbladartikels</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Die bladsy is laas op 23 Mei 2024 om 21:00 bygewerk.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Die teks is beskikbaar onder die lisensie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Erkenning-Insgelyks Deel</a>. Aanvullende voorwaardes kan moontlik ook van toepassing wees. Sien die <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Algemene Voorwaardes</a> vir meer inligting.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privaatheidsbeleid</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Oor">Inligting oor Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Voorwaardes">Vrywaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Gedragskode</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Ontwikkelaars</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/af.wikipedia.org">Statistieke</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Koekieverklaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//af.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pretoria&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Selfoonweergawe</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-78s75","wgBackendResponseTime":191,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.033","walltime":"1.469","ppvisitednodes":{"value":16278,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":260234,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":57081,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":29,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":13,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":131857,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 999.073 1 -total"," 43.70% 436.612 1 Sjabloon:Inligtingskas_Suid-Afrikaanse_dorp"," 43.19% 431.489 1 Sjabloon:Inligtingskas_Nedersetting-en"," 40.46% 404.224 1 Sjabloon:Inligtingskas4"," 16.25% 162.343 1 Sjabloon:Verwysings"," 16.18% 161.660 20 Sjabloon:Cite_web"," 8.02% 80.094 1 Sjabloon:Tabel_weergemiddeldes"," 7.84% 78.370 9 Sjabloon:Both"," 7.35% 73.475 1 Sjabloon:Coord"," 5.57% 55.680 1 Sjabloon:Normdata"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.326","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5973898,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5f59cc9d56-2lfg5","timestamp":"20241112104153","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Pretoria","url":"https:\/\/af.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pretoria","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3926","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3926","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-08-11T15:35:15Z","dateModified":"2024-05-23T21:00:03Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b0\/Montage_of_Pretoria.jpg","headline":"administratiewe hoofstad van Suid-Afrika"}</script> </body> </html>