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href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Islam</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Islam-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Islam subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_Quran_and_its_exegesis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Quran_and_its_exegesis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>In Quran and its exegesis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Quran_and_its_exegesis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Hadiths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Hadiths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>In Hadiths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Hadiths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_between_Azrael_and_Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_between_Azrael_and_Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Relationship between Azrael and Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_between_Azrael_and_Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saints_and_prophets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saints_and_prophets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Saints and prophets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saints_and_prophets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Western reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Azrael</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84" title="عزرائيل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عزرائيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2" title="আজৰাইল – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আজৰাইল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fzray%C4%B1l" title="Əzrayıl – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əzrayıl" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2" title="আজরাইল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আজরাইল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Ғазраил – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ғазраил" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Azrael" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Azrael" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86" title="عزراين – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عزراين" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Azrael" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B6%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%AE%CE%BB" title="Αζραήλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αζραήλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Azrael" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azraelo" title="Azraelo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Azraelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Azrael" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="عزرائیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عزرائیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azra%C3%ABl" title="Azraël – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Azraël" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Azrael" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%AC" title="Ազրայիլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ազրայիլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Azrael" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Azrael" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Azrael" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C_(%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9A)" title="עזראל (מלאך) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עזראל (מלאך)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%96%D0%BB" title="Әзірейіл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Әзірейіл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra%C3%AEl_(fir%C3%AE%C5%9Fte)" title="Ezraîl (firîşte) – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ezraîl (firîşte)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Азырейил – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Азырейил" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Азраил – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Азраил" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84" title="عزرائيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عزرائيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izrail" title="Izrail – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Izrail" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azra%C3%ABl_(engel)" title="Azraël (engel) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Azraël (engel)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="アズラーイール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アズラーイール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Ӏазраил – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏазраил" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azroil" title="Azroil – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Azroil" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%B2" title="ਅਜ਼ਰਾਈਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਜ਼ਰਾਈਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="عزرائیل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عزرائیل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Azrael" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Azrael" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Azrael" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Азраил – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Азраил" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Azrael" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="ئیزرائیل – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیزرائیل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Азраил – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Азраил" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Azrael" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Azrael" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90e%E1%BA%93rayen" title="Ɛeẓrayen – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ɛeẓrayen" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D" title="ఇజ్రాయీల్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇజ్రాయీల్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="อัศราเอล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อัศราเอล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Азроил – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Азроил" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azrail" title="Azrail – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Azrail" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BB" title="Азраїл – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Азраїл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="عزرائیل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عزرائیل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azrael" title="Azrael – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Azrael" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gang%C3%AAr" title="Gangêr – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Gangêr" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94" title="亚兹拉尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亚兹拉尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Archangel of Death in Islam</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Azrael_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Azrael (disambiguation)">Azrael (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Azazel" title="Azazel">Azazel</a>, a fallen angel, or <a href="/wiki/Azazil" title="Azazil">Azazil</a>, in Islamic traditions the name of Iblis before his fall.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Izrail" redirects here; not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Azrael</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">עֲזַרְאֵל</span>‎</span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">عزرائيل</span>‎</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%22L%E2%80%99All%C3%A9gorie_de_l%E2%80%99Enfer%22_or_%22Azrael%22_(c._1890)_-_Jean_Delville.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%22L%E2%80%99All%C3%A9gorie_de_l%E2%80%99Enfer%22_or_%22Azrael%22_%28c._1890%29_-_Jean_Delville.jpg/250px-%22L%E2%80%99All%C3%A9gorie_de_l%E2%80%99Enfer%22_or_%22Azrael%22_%28c._1890%29_-_Jean_Delville.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="356" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%22L%E2%80%99All%C3%A9gorie_de_l%E2%80%99Enfer%22_or_%22Azrael%22_%28c._1890%29_-_Jean_Delville.jpg/500px-%22L%E2%80%99All%C3%A9gorie_de_l%E2%80%99Enfer%22_or_%22Azrael%22_%28c._1890%29_-_Jean_Delville.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">According to Brendan Cole, this painting of Azrael is linked to a 1892 poem by Delville called "Azraël" (published in his book <i>Les Horizons Hantés</i>)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey">Angel of Death</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Associated religions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Attributes</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangel</a>; <a href="/wiki/Psychopomp" title="Psychopomp">psychopomp</a>; wings; cloak.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Associations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel#Islam" title="Gabriel">Jibrāʾīl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)#Islam" title="Michael (archangel)">Mīkāʾīl</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Isrāfīl</a> (in Islam)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternate spellings</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>ʿĂzarʾēl</li> <li>ʿAzrāʾīl</li> <li>ʿIzrāʾīl</li> <li>Ajrā-īl</li> <li>Ezrā’ël</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appearance in text</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/As-Sajdah" title="As-Sajdah">Surah As-Sajdah</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Peter" title="Apocalypse of Peter">Apocalypse of Peter</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Azrael</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>-/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">עֲזַרְאֵל</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">ʿǍzarʾēl</i></span>, 'God has helped';<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عزرائيل</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ʿAzrāʾīl <i>or</i> ʿIzrāʾīl</i></span>) is the <a href="/wiki/Canonical" title="Canonical">canonical</a> <a href="/wiki/Angel#Abrahamic_religions" title="Angel">angel</a> of death in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and appears in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament_apocrypha" title="New Testament apocrypha">apocryphal text</a> <a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Peter" title="Apocalypse of Peter">Apocalypse of Peter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Relative to similar concepts of such beings, Azrael holds a benevolent role as <a href="/wiki/God_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="God in Abrahamic religions">God</a>'s angel of death; he acts as a <a href="/wiki/Psychopomp" title="Psychopomp">psychopomp</a>, responsible for transporting the souls of the deceased after their death.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Islam, he is said to hold a scroll concerning the fate of mortals, recording and erasing their names at their birth and death, similar to the role of the <i>malakh ha-mavet</i> (Angel of Death) in <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BF_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BF-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 234">: 234 </span></sup> </p><p>Depending on the perspective and precepts of the various religions in which he is a figure, he may also be portrayed as a resident of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Heaven" title="Third Heaven">Third Heaven</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Heaven#Abrahamic_religions" title="Heaven">division of heaven</a> in Judaism and Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-DoA_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Islam, he is one of the four <a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">archangels</a>, and is identified with the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quranic</a> <i>Malʾak al-Mawt</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ملاك الموت</span></span>, 'angel of death'), which corresponds with the Hebrew term <i>Malʾakh ha-Maweth</i> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">מלאך המוות</span></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">Rabbinic literature</a>. In Hebrew, Azrael translates to "Angel of God" or "Help from God".<sup id="cite_ref-DoA_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_place_in_Judaism">Etymology and place in Judaism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azrael&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and place in Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> does not mention an angel by the name Azrael, nor does it appear in the <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">rabbinic literature</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> or <a href="/wiki/Midrashim" class="mw-redirect" title="Midrashim">Midrashim</a>. No such angel is treated as canonical in traditional <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">Rabbinic Judaism</a>. However, an angel by a similar name, <i>Azriel</i> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">עזריאל</span></span>), is mentioned in Kabbalistic literature such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar</a></i>. </p><p>Despite the absence of such a figure in Judaism, the name <i>Azrael</i> is suggestive of a Hebrew <a href="/wiki/Theophoric_name" title="Theophoric name">theophoric</a> <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">עזראל</span></span>, meaning "the one whom God helps". <a href="/wiki/Archeology" class="mw-redirect" title="Archeology">Archeological</a> evidence uncovered in Jewish settlements in <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> confirms that it was indeed at one time used on an <a href="/wiki/Incantation_bowl" title="Incantation bowl">incantation bowl</a> from the <a href="/wiki/7th_century" title="7th century">7th century</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as the text thereon only lists names, an association of this angelic name with death cannot be identified in Judaism.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the emergence of Islam, the name Azrael became popular among both Christian and Islamic literature and <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The name spelled as <i>Ezrā’ël</i> appears in the <a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez" title="Geʽez">Classical Ethiopic</a> version of <a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Peter" title="Apocalypse of Peter">Apocalypse of Peter</a> (dating to the 16th century) as an angel of hell who avenges those who had been wronged during life.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Islam">Islam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azrael&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Five_Pillars_of_Islam" title="Five Pillars of Islam">Practices</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Profession of faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Prayer</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Almsgiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting_in_Islam" title="Fasting in Islam">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Pilgrimage</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;;background:#dcf5dc;padding:0.2em;;color: 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in Islam">Pacifism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Islam" title="Glossary of Islam">Glossary</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.5em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/20px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-right:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islam" title="Template:Islam"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islam" title="Template talk:Islam"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Before the creation of man, only Azrael succeeded in taking dust from Earth in order to bring God the materials needed to make man. For this success he was made the angel of death and given a register of all mankind.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with <a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Israfil</a>, Azrael is one of the four major <a href="/wiki/Archangels_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Archangels in Islam">archangels in Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is responsible for taking the souls of the deceased away from the body.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Azrael does not act independently, but is only informed by <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a> when the time is up to take a soul.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Quran_and_its_exegesis">In Quran and its exegesis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azrael&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In Quran and its exegesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Surah 32:11 mentions the angel of death identified with Azrael.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Surah <a href="/wiki/Al-An%27am" title="Al-An'am">6:61</a> mentions a multitude of angels of death interpreted as assistants of Azrael.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the unbelievers in <a href="/wiki/Jahannam" title="Jahannam">hell</a> cry out for help, an angel, also identified with Azrael, will appear on the horizon and tell them that they have to remain.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The eighth Umayyad Caliph <a href="/wiki/Umar_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Umar II">Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz</a> once reported the commentary regarding Azrael in Quran chapter <a href="/wiki/As-Sajdah" title="As-Sajdah">As-Sajdah</a> verse 11 <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2002.02.0006%3Asura%3D32%3Averse%3D11">32:11</a>, that taking many lives are very easy for the angel, that in caliph's words "it is as if the entire mankind of earth were only like a dish on a plate from the perspective of <i>Malak al-Mawt</i> (angel of death)".<sup id="cite_ref-At-Tadzkirah_Volume_1_Provisions_for_Facing_Eternal_Life_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-At-Tadzkirah_Volume_1_Provisions_for_Facing_Eternal_Life-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Hadiths">In Hadiths</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azrael&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In Hadiths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to one Muslim tradition, 40 days before the death of a person approaches, God drops a leaf from a tree below the heavenly throne, on which Azrael reads the name of the person he must take with him.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qurtubi" title="Al-Qurtubi">Al-Qurtubi</a> narrated commentary from classical scholar, Ibn Zhafar al-Wa'izh, that Azrael, has a shape resembling a blue colored ram, has numerous eyes in numerous places, and according to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikrimah_Mawl%C3%A2_Ibn_%27Abb%C3%A2s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikrimah Mawlâ Ibn 'Abbâs (page does not exist)">Ikrimah Mawlâ Ibn 'Abbâs</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikrimah_Maula_Ibnu_Abbas" class="extiw" title="id:Ikrimah Maula Ibnu Abbas">id</a>; <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A" class="extiw" title="ar:عكرمة البربري">ar</a>]</span>, a <a href="/wiki/Tabi%27un" title="Tabi'un">tabiʾ</a> scholar,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Notes 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the size of Azrael were so huge that "if the Earth were put on his shoulder, it would be like a bean in an open field".<sup id="cite_ref-At-Tadzkirah_Volume_1_Provisions_for_Facing_Eternal_Life_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-At-Tadzkirah_Volume_1_Provisions_for_Facing_Eternal_Life-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also had 4,000 wings which consisted of two types, wings of grace and wings of punishment.<sup id="cite_ref-At-Tadzkirah_Volume_1_Provisions_for_Facing_Eternal_Life_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-At-Tadzkirah_Volume_1_Provisions_for_Facing_Eternal_Life-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wings of punishment are made from iron rods, hooks, and scissors.<sup id="cite_ref-At-Tadzkirah_Volume_1_Provisions_for_Facing_Eternal_Life_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-At-Tadzkirah_Volume_1_Provisions_for_Facing_Eternal_Life-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Muqatil_ibn_Sulayman" title="Muqatil ibn Sulayman">Muqatil ibn Sulayman</a> has recorded his commentary in his commentary work, <i>al-Suluk</i>, the angel possessed 70,000 limbs of foot.<sup id="cite_ref-Ternyata_Kita_Tak_Pantas_Masuk_Surga|trans-title=Turns_out_we_did_not_deserve_to_enter_the_heaven_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ternyata_Kita_Tak_Pantas_Masuk_Surga|trans-title=Turns_out_we_did_not_deserve_to_enter_the_heaven-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Notes 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Umar_ibn_Abd_al-Aziz" title="Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz">Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad caliph</a>, reported a narration that the angel of death is armed with a flaming whip.<sup id="cite_ref-At-Tadzkirah_Volume_1_Provisions_for_Facing_Eternal_Life_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-At-Tadzkirah_Volume_1_Provisions_for_Facing_Eternal_Life-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caliph Umar also reported a narration that the angel of death was so huge that he dwarfed <a href="/wiki/Bearers_of_the_Throne" title="Bearers of the Throne">Bearers of the Throne</a>, group of angels which are known as the biggest among angels.<sup id="cite_ref-At-Tadzkirah_Volume_1_Provisions_for_Facing_Eternal_Life_20-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-At-Tadzkirah_Volume_1_Provisions_for_Facing_Eternal_Life-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "Islamic Book of Dead" describes him with 4 faces, and his whole body consists of eyes and tongues whose number corresponds to the number of humans inhabiting the Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DoA_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 33–34">: 33–34 </span></sup> </p><p>The angel of death features in a famous extra-Quranic creation story regarding the creation of Adam, recorded by various Muslim scholars, including Tabari, Mas'udi, Maqdisi, Kisa'i, Tha'labi, Ibn Kathir in his work <i>Qiṣaṣ al-Anbiyā</i> (Stories of the Prophets), and Muqatil.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accordingly, God ordered the archangels to collect dust from earth from which Adam is supposed to be created. Only Azrael succeeded, whereupon he was destined to become the angel concerning life and death, a reference to show the close connection between these two.<sup id="cite_ref-Kisah_Para_Nabi_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kisah_Para_Nabi-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationship_between_Azrael_and_Death">Relationship between Azrael and Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azrael&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Relationship between Azrael and Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islam elaborated further narratives concerning the relation between Azrael and Death. Christian Lange mentioned that according to some scholars Azrael and Death were one entity; other exegesis scholars opined Azrael and Death were different entities, with Death as some kind of tool used by Azrael to take life.<sup id="cite_ref-Lange-2016_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lange-2016-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 129">: 129 </span></sup> </p><p>One account explains death and its relation to Azrael, representing <i>Death</i> and Azrael as former two separate entities, but when God created Death, God ordered the angels to look upon it and they swoon for a thousand years. After the angels regained consciousness, Death recognized that it must submit to Azrael.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This opinion were shared among scholars of Islam such as Sultan ibn ‘Abdirrahman Al-‘Umairi, in his book <i>Al-‘Uquud Adz-Dzahabiyyah ‘alaa Maqaasid Al-‘Aqiidah Al-Waasithiyyah</i> where he adds commentary the Hadith about Death will be materialized after the judgment day in form of a Ram, which said as different entity than Angel Azrael.<sup id="cite_ref-إمداد_القارى_بشرح_كتاب_التفسير_من_صحيح_البخارى_1-4_-_3_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-إمداد_القارى_بشرح_كتاب_التفسير_من_صحيح_البخارى_1-4_-_3-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to one narration, Azrael is rewarded to become the angel of death for successfully carrying the dirt of the earth from which Adam would be created.<sup id="cite_ref-10.1163_1573-3912_islam_SIM_3719_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1163_1573-3912_islam_SIM_3719-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The identification of "Death" and angel Azrael as one entity were explained in a Hadith about the fate of "Death" entity itself after the judgment day, where classical Hanafite scholar <a href="/wiki/Badr_al-Din_al-Ayni" title="Badr al-Din al-Ayni">Badr al-Din al-Ayni</a> has interpreted in that Hadith which compiled in <a href="/wiki/Sahih_Bukhari" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahih Bukhari">Sahih Bukhari</a> collection, that Death would take on the form of a ram, then placed between paradise and hell, and finally slaughtered by God himself, causing Death cease to exist, which followed by God to declare to both people of paradise and hell that eternity has begun, and their state will never end.<sup id="cite_ref-Umdat_al-Qari_interpretation_of_Sahih_al-Bukhari_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Umdat_al-Qari_interpretation_of_Sahih_al-Bukhari-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lange mentioned that according to some scholars, the ram in that Hadith narration is no other than the angel of death himself, while others assert, this to be death's own form in the hereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-Lange-2016_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lange-2016-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other account sourced from <a href="/wiki/Muqatil_ibn_Sulayman" title="Muqatil ibn Sulayman">Muqatil ibn Sulayman</a>, Azrael and death were said as one entity as he reported the angel has number of faces and hands equal to the number of living creatures on his body, where each of those faces and hands are connected with the life of each souls in the living world.<sup id="cite_ref-Ternyata_Kita_Tak_Pantas_Masuk_Surga|trans-title=Turns_out_we_did_not_deserve_to_enter_the_heaven_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ternyata_Kita_Tak_Pantas_Masuk_Surga|trans-title=Turns_out_we_did_not_deserve_to_enter_the_heaven-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whenever a face within Azrael body vanished, then the soul which connected with it will experience death.<sup id="cite_ref-Ternyata_Kita_Tak_Pantas_Masuk_Surga|trans-title=Turns_out_we_did_not_deserve_to_enter_the_heaven_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ternyata_Kita_Tak_Pantas_Masuk_Surga|trans-title=Turns_out_we_did_not_deserve_to_enter_the_heaven-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saints_and_prophets">Saints and prophets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azrael&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Saints and prophets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A common belief holds that the lesser angels of death are for the common people, while saints and prophets meet the archangel of death himself.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Great prophets, such as <a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Moses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> are invited politely by him, but saints are also said to meet Azrael in beautiful forms. </p><p>It is said that, when <a href="/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi">Rumi</a> was about to die, he laid in his bed and met Azrael in human shape.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The belief that Azrael appears to saints before they actually die to prepare themselves for death, is also attested by the testament of <a href="/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw" title="Nasir Khusraw">Nasir Khusraw</a>, in which he claims to have met Azrael during his sleep, informing him about his upcoming death.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> teacher <a href="/wiki/Al-Jili" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Jili">Al-Jili</a>, Azrael appears to the soul in a form provided by its most powerful metaphors. </p><p>It is believed to resist the pulling of the soul by the angel of death by accusing him of acting arbitrarily. In that case, the angel of death returns to heaven to bring proof for following heavenly instructions.<sup id="cite_ref-10.1163_1573-3912_islam_SIM_3719_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1163_1573-3912_islam_SIM_3719-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Western_reception">Western reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azrael&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Western reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Six-winged_Seraph_(Azrael)._1904.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Six-winged_Seraph_%28Azrael%29._1904.jpg/250px-Six-winged_Seraph_%28Azrael%29._1904.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Six-winged_Seraph_%28Azrael%29._1904.jpg/330px-Six-winged_Seraph_%28Azrael%29._1904.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Six-winged_Seraph_%28Azrael%29._1904.jpg/500px-Six-winged_Seraph_%28Azrael%29._1904.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption><i>A Six-Winged <a href="/wiki/Seraphim" class="mw-redirect" title="Seraphim">Seraph</a> (Azrael)</i> by <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Vrubel" title="Mikhail Vrubel">Mikhail Vrubel</a>, 1904</figcaption></figure> <p>The Islamic notion of Azrael, including some narratives such as the tale of <a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam" title="Solomon in Islam">Solomon</a> (a <i><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a></i> reaching back to <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hawshab" title="Ibn Hawshab">Shahr Ibn Hawshab</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Al-Garrallah_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Al-Garrallah-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was already known in the United States in the 18th century - as attested by Gregory Sharpe and <a href="/wiki/James_Harris_(grammarian)" title="James Harris (grammarian)">James Harris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Al-Garrallah_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Al-Garrallah-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some Western adaptions extended the physical description of Azrael, hence the English poet <a href="/wiki/Leigh_Hunt" title="Leigh Hunt">Leigh Hunt</a> depicted Azrael in 1850 as wearing a black-hooded cloak.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although omitting the traditional <a href="/wiki/Scythe" title="Scythe">scythe</a>, Hunt's portrayal nevertheless resembles the <a href="/wiki/Grim_Reaper" title="Grim Reaper">Grim Reaper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Al-Garrallah_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Al-Garrallah-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Henry Wadsworth Longfellow</a> mentions Azrael in "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Voices_of_the_Night/The_Reaper_and_the_Flowers" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Voices of the Night/The Reaper and the Flowers">The Reaper and the Flowers</a>" as an angel of death, but he is not equated with <a href="/wiki/Samael" title="Samael">Samael</a>, the angel of death in Jewish lore who appears as a <a href="/wiki/Fallen_angel" title="Fallen angel">fallen and malevolent angel</a>, instead.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Azrael also appears in <a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a>'s poem "<a href="/wiki/Lepanto_(poem)" title="Lepanto (poem)">Lepanto</a>" (published in 1915) as one of the Islamic spirits commanded by "Mahound" (<a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>) to resist <a href="/wiki/John_of_Austria" title="John of Austria">Don John of Austria</a>'s crusade. In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Smurfs" title="The Smurfs">The Smurfs</a></i>, the cat of the evil wizard <a href="/wiki/Gargamel" title="Gargamel">Gargamel</a> is called Azrael. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Philip_Pullman" title="Philip Pullman">Philip Pullman</a> uses a variant spelling of the name "Azrael" in the name of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Asriel" title="Lord Asriel">Lord Asriel</a> in the <i><a href="/wiki/His_Dark_Materials" title="His Dark Materials">His Dark Materials</a></i> trilogy (1995-2000). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Joy_Williams_(American_writer)" title="Joy Williams (American writer)">Joy Williams</a>'s 2024 novel <i>Concerning the Future of Souls</i>, Azrael is a core character, although his responsibilities extend beyond serving as a <a href="/wiki/Psychopomp" title="Psychopomp">psychopomp</a> for humanity alone—he also collects the souls of other sentient beings on Earth, such as <a href="/wiki/Whales" class="mw-redirect" title="Whales">whales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apes" class="mw-redirect" title="Apes">apes</a>. Williams' book includes ninety-nine story accounts of his duties and interactions with multiple souls, <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a> and countless others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azrael&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Azrael" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Azrael">Azrael</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Angels in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azriel_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Azriel (disambiguation)">Azriel (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron_Samedi" title="Baron Samedi">Baron Samedi</a>, personification of <a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">Death</a> in <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Haitian Vodou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charon" title="Charon">Charon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personifications_of_death#Angels_of_death" title="Personifications of death">Death (personification)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroying_angel_(Bible)" title="Destroying angel (Bible)">Destroying angel (Bible)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumah_(angel)" title="Dumah (angel)">Dumah (angel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_angels_in_theology" title="List of angels in theology">List of angels in theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punishment_of_the_Grave" title="Punishment of the Grave">Punishment of the Grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saureil" title="Saureil">Saureil</a>, angel of death in Mandaeism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Muerte" title="Santa Muerte">Santa Muerte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanatos" title="Thanatos">Thanatos</a>, the personification of <a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">Death</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azrael&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azrael&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to the narrator, Ikrimah, he saw this narration from <a href="/wiki/Isra%CA%BCiliyyat" title="Israʼiliyyat">non-canonical source</a> which he named the "scroll of <a href="/wiki/Seth" title="Seth">Seth</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-At-Tadzkirah_Volume_1_Provisions_for_Facing_Eternal_Life_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-At-Tadzkirah_Volume_1_Provisions_for_Facing_Eternal_Life-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Muqatil ibn Sulayman were neglected by numbers of Islamic scholars, such as <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa" title="Abu Hanifa">Abu Hanifa</a> (d. 150 H/ 767 CE) who criticised his theology, <a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Mubarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-Mubarak">Ibn al-Mubarak</a> (d. 181 H/ 797 CE) who criticised his methodology (particularly that he did not quote Hadith with chains of transmission), and <a href="/wiki/Wakee_ibn_al-Jarrah" class="mw-redirect" title="Wakee ibn al-Jarrah">Wakee ibn al-Jarrah</a> (d. 197/ 812 CE) who criticize Muqatil as lying in his narration.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ibn Hajar in particular quotes the following from him: "Two disgusting opinions came to us from the east: Jahm the negator [of God’s attributes] and Muqatil the anthropomorphist."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Rajab" title="Ibn Rajab">Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali</a> stated that the early scholars (as-salaf) rejected Muqatil's views after they became known after his debate with Jahm.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, more recent scholars has argued while Muqatil are not trustworthy, his theology as antrophomorphist are falsely attributed, as <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi_al-Izz" title="Ibn Abi al-Izz">Ibn Abi al-Izz</a> (d. 731), a follower of <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Taymiyyah">Ibn Taymiyyah</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> argued that al-Ash'ari's material originated from the Mu'tazila and/or must have been tampered with.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tohe,_Achmad_2015._p._43_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tohe,_Achmad_2015._p._43-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporary Saudi scholar Abdullah al-Ghunayman, author of the commentary on Ibn Taymiyyah's <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqidah_Al-Waasitiyyah" title="Al-Aqidah Al-Waasitiyyah">Al-Aqidah Al-Waasitiyyah</a>, argues that he could not find anything he would consider anthropomorphic from Muqatil, arguing that to be reliable, ones views must be taken from one's own works, and not from the works of an opponent. Al-Ghunayman says "Mushabbih" has become a catch word to accuse one's opponents because of their different views.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tohe,_Achmad_2015._p._43_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tohe,_Achmad_2015._p._43-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azrael&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/hebrew/5832.htm">"Strong's Hebrew Concordance - 5832. Azarel"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strong%27s+Hebrew+Concordance+-+5832.+Azarel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Fhebrew%2F5832.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzrael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Azrael">"Azrael| Meaning, Angel, & Fate | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Azrael%7C+Meaning%2C+Angel%2C+%26+Fate+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FAzrael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzrael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBauckham2008" class="citation book cs1">Bauckham, Richard (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GxRtPwAACAAJ"><i>The Fate of the Dead: Studies on the Jewish and Christian Apocalypses</i></a>. Society of Biblical Literature. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58983-288-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58983-288-6"><bdi>978-1-58983-288-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fate+of+the+Dead%3A+Studies+on+the+Jewish+and+Christian+Apocalypses&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-58983-288-6&rft.aulast=Bauckham&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGxRtPwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzrael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Davidson" title="Gustav Davidson">Davidson, Gustav</a>. 1968. "Longfellow's Angels". <i><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Schooner" title="Prairie Schooner">Prairie Schooner</a></i> 42(3):235–43. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40630837">40630837</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHastingsSelbie2003" class="citation cs2">Hastings, James; Selbie, John A. (2003), <i>Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics Part 3</i>, Kessinger Publishing, p. 617, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7661-3671-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7661-3671-X"><bdi>0-7661-3671-X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Religion+and+Ethics+Part+3&rft.pages=617&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7661-3671-X&rft.aulast=Hastings&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Selbie%2C+John+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzrael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BF-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BF_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hamilton, Michelle M. 2014. <i>Beyond Faith: Belief, Morality and Memory in a Fifteenth-Century Judeo-Iberian Manuscript</i>. Leiden: Brill. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004282735" title="Special:BookSources/9789004282735">9789004282735</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DoA-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DoA_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DoA_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DoA_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Davidson" title="Gustav Davidson">Davidson, Gustav</a>. [1967] 1971. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kGXelGEMdWgC&pg=PA64">"A § Azrael"</a>. Pp. 64–65 in <i>A Dictionary of Angels, Including the Fallen Angels</i>. New York: Free Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780029070505" title="Special:BookSources/9780029070505">9780029070505</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C.D. Isbell, Corpus of the Aramaic Incantation Bowls, Missoula: Scholars Press, 1975, §12:14 and 41:7, pp. 44 and 98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Naveh and S. Shaked, Amulets and Magic Bowls: Aramaic Incantations of Late Antiquity, Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1985, §1:13; 2:16; 7:3, pp. 40–41, 46–7 and 68–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burge, S. (2019). Themes in Islamic angelology. In Angels in Islam: Jalal Al-Din al-Suyuti's al-Haba'ik Fi Akhbar al-Mala'ik (p. 36). essay, Routledge.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">S. R. Burge (University of Edinburgh) <i>cZR’L, The Angel of Death and the Ethiopic Apocalypse of Peter </i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Azrael">"Azrael| Meaning, Angel, & Fate | Britannica"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Azrael%26%23124%3B+Meaning%2C+Angel%2C+%26+Fate+%26%23124%3B+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FAzrael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzrael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNoegelWheeler2002" class="citation book cs1">Noegel, Scott B.; Wheeler, Brannon M. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6aTXAAAAMAAJ"><i>Historical Dictionary of Prophets in Islam and Judaism</i></a>. Scarecrow. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810843059" title="Special:BookSources/9780810843059"><bdi>9780810843059</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Prophets+in+Islam+and+Judaism&rft.pub=Scarecrow&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780810843059&rft.aulast=Noegel&rft.aufirst=Scott+B.&rft.au=Wheeler%2C+Brannon+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6aTXAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzrael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Çakmak, Cenap. 2017. <i>Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopaedia</i>, 4 vols. <a href="/wiki/ABC-Clio" title="ABC-Clio">ABC-Clio</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610692175" title="Special:BookSources/9781610692175">9781610692175</a>. p. 137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Martijn_Theodoor_Houtsma" title="Martijn Theodoor Houtsma">Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor</a>. [1913–1936] 1987. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Islam" title="Encyclopaedia of Islam">E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936</a></i>, edited by R. Arnold and C. Gibb. Leiden: Brill Publishers. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-004-08265-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-004-08265-6">978-9-004-08265-6</a>. p. 570.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, Jane I., and <a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Haddad" title="Yvonne Haddad">Yvonne Haddad</a>. 1981. <i>Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection</i>. Albany: State University of New York Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780873955072" title="Special:BookSources/9780873955072">9780873955072</a>. p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cenap Çakmak <i>Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia [4 volumes]</i> ABC-CLIO 2017 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610692175" title="Special:BookSources/9781610692175">9781610692175</a> pp. 137</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michelle M. Hamilton <i>Beyond Faith: Belief, Morality and Memory in a Fifteenth-Century Judeo-Iberian Manuscript</i> BRILL, 14.11.2014 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004282735" title="Special:BookSources/9789004282735">9789004282735</a> p. 235</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christian Lange|<i>Locating Hell in Islamic Traditions</i>| BRILL | 978-90-04-30121-4 | p. 93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-At-Tadzkirah_Volume_1_Provisions_for_Facing_Eternal_Life-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-At-Tadzkirah_Volume_1_Provisions_for_Facing_Eternal_Life_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-At-Tadzkirah_Volume_1_Provisions_for_Facing_Eternal_Life_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-At-Tadzkirah_Volume_1_Provisions_for_Facing_Eternal_Life_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-At-Tadzkirah_Volume_1_Provisions_for_Facing_Eternal_Life_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-At-Tadzkirah_Volume_1_Provisions_for_Facing_Eternal_Life_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-At-Tadzkirah_Volume_1_Provisions_for_Facing_Eternal_Life_20-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-At-Tadzkirah_Volume_1_Provisions_for_Facing_Eternal_Life_20-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFal-Qurtubi2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qurtubi" title="Al-Qurtubi">al-Qurtubi</a> (2005). Noor Ridho, Abdillah; Ihsan, Muhammad (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bLZyDwAAQBAJ"><i>At-Tadzkirah Jilid 1 Bekal Menghadapi Kehidupan Abadi</i></a> [<i>At-Tadhkirah Volume 1 Provisions for Facing Eternal Life</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(ebook)</span> (Music / Religious / Muslim, Religion / Islam / Koran & Sacred Writings, Religion / Islam / Rituals & Practice) (in Indonesian). Translated by Anshor Umar Sitanggal. east Jakarta: Pustaka al-Kautsar. pp. 50, <span class="nowrap">140–</span>141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789795926320" title="Special:BookSources/9789795926320"><bdi>9789795926320</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=At-Tadzkirah+Jilid+1+Bekal+Menghadapi+Kehidupan+Abadi&rft.place=east+Jakarta&rft.pages=50%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E140-%3C%2Fspan%3E141&rft.pub=Pustaka+al-Kautsar&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9789795926320&rft.au=al-Qurtubi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbLZyDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzrael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ternyata_Kita_Tak_Pantas_Masuk_Surga|trans-title=Turns_out_we_did_not_deserve_to_enter_the_heaven-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ternyata_Kita_Tak_Pantas_Masuk_Surga|trans-title=Turns_out_we_did_not_deserve_to_enter_the_heaven_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ternyata_Kita_Tak_Pantas_Masuk_Surga|trans-title=Turns_out_we_did_not_deserve_to_enter_the_heaven_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ternyata_Kita_Tak_Pantas_Masuk_Surga|trans-title=Turns_out_we_did_not_deserve_to_enter_the_heaven_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAhmad_Zacky_El-Syafa2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ahmad Zacky El-Syafa (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pg_uDwAAQBAJ"><i>Ternyata Kita Tak Pantas Masuk Surga</i></a> [<i>Turns out we did not deserve to enter the heaven</i>] <span class="cs1-format">(ebook)</span> (Religion / Islam / General, Young Adult Nonfiction / Religion / Islam) (in Indonesian). Surabaya: Genta Hidayah. pp. <span class="nowrap">38–</span>39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786232350571" title="Special:BookSources/9786232350571"><bdi>9786232350571</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ternyata+Kita+Tak+Pantas+Masuk+Surga&rft.place=Surabaya&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E38-%3C%2Fspan%3E39&rft.pub=Genta+Hidayah&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9786232350571&rft.au=Ahmad+Zacky+El-Syafa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dpg_uDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzrael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ibn Ḥajar al-‛Asqalānī, Tahdhīb, 4/143-46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">al-Dhahabī, Mīzan, 6/505-7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tohe, Achmad. <i>Muqatil ibn Sulayman: A neglected figure in the early history of Qur'ānic commentary.</i> Diss. Boston University, 2015. pp. 11, 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ibn Ḥajar al-‛Asqalānī, Tahdhīb, 10/281</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ibn Rajab al-Ḥanbalī, Bayān Faḍl ‛ilm al-Salaf ‛alā ‘Ilm al-Khalaf, ed. Muḥammad ibn Nāṣir al-‘Ajmī(Beirūt: Dār al-Bashā’ir al-Islāmiyyah, 2003), p.55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tohe, Achmad. <i>Muqatil ibn Sulayman: A neglected figure in the early history of Qur'ānic commentary.</i> Diss. Boston University, 2015. p. 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shagaviev, Damir A., and Venera N. Khisamova. "Islamic theological literature of the Salafi sect in the modern Tatarstan." Journal of Sustainable Development 8.7 (2015): 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ṣadr al-Dīn ‘Alī ibn ‘Alī ibn Muḥammad ibn Abī al-‘Izz al-Ḥanafī, Sharḥal-Ṭaḥāwiyyahfī al-‘Aqīdah al-Salafiyyah, ed. Aḥmad Muḥammad Shākir (Riyāḍ: Fahrasah Maktabat al-Malik Fahd al-Waṭaniyyah, 1997).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tohe,_Achmad_2015._p._43-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tohe,_Achmad_2015._p._43_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tohe,_Achmad_2015._p._43_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tohe, Achmad. <i>Muqatil ibn Sulayman: A neglected figure in the early history of Qur'ānic commentary.</i> Diss. Boston University, 2015. p. 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abd Allāh Mūḥammad al-Ghanīmān, Sharḥal-‛Aqīdah al-Wāsiṭiyyah(al-Maktabah al-Shāmilah), 12/8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFQāḍī1977" class="citation book cs1">Qāḍī, ʻAbd al-Raḥīm ibn Aḥmad (1977). <i>Islamic book of the dead : a collection of Hadiths on the Fire & the Garden</i>. Norwich, Norfolk: Diwan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9504446-2-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-9504446-2-6"><bdi>0-9504446-2-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/13426566">13426566</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+book+of+the+dead+%3A+a+collection+of+Hadiths+on+the+Fire+%26+the+Garden&rft.place=Norwich%2C+Norfolk&rft.pub=Diwan+Press&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F13426566&rft.isbn=0-9504446-2-6&rft.aulast=Q%C4%81%E1%B8%8D%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=%CA%BBAbd+al-Ra%E1%B8%A5%C4%ABm+ibn+A%E1%B8%A5mad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzrael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chipman, Leigh NB. "Mythic Aspects of the Process of Adam's Creation in Judaism and Islam." Studia Islamica (2001): 5-25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kisah_Para_Nabi-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kisah_Para_Nabi_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIbn_Kathir2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kathir" title="Ibn Kathir">Ibn Kathir</a> (2017). "Adam Alaihissalam". In Hikmatiar, Ikhlas (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JiCwDgAAQBAJ"><i>Kisah Para Nabi Sejarah Lengkap Kehidupan Para Nabi sejak Nabi Adam Alaihissalam hingga Nabi Isa Alaihissalam</i></a> [<i>Stories of the Prophets Complete History of the Life of the Prophets since Prophet Adam Alaihissalam to Prophet Isa Alaihissalam</i>] (Religion / Islam / History) (in Indonesian). Translated by Saefulloh MS. east Jakarta: Qisthi Press. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789791303842" title="Special:BookSources/9789791303842"><bdi>9789791303842</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Adam+Alaihissalam&rft.btitle=Kisah+Para+Nabi+Sejarah+Lengkap+Kehidupan+Para+Nabi+sejak+Nabi+Adam+Alaihissalam+hingga+Nabi+Isa+Alaihissalam&rft.place=east+Jakarta&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Qisthi+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9789791303842&rft.au=Ibn+Kathir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJiCwDgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzrael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lange-2016-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lange-2016_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lange-2016_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLange2016" class="citation book cs1">Lange, Christian (2016). <i>Paradise and Hell in Islamic Traditions</i>. Cambridge United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-50637-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-50637-3"><bdi>978-0-521-50637-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paradise+and+Hell+in+Islamic+Traditions&rft.place=Cambridge+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-521-50637-3&rft.aulast=Lange&rft.aufirst=Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzrael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jane I. Smith, Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad <i>Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection</i> State University of New York Press 1981 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780873955072" title="Special:BookSources/9780873955072">9780873955072</a> p. 34-35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-إمداد_القارى_بشرح_كتاب_التفسير_من_صحيح_البخارى_1-4_-_3-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-إمداد_القارى_بشرح_كتاب_التفسير_من_صحيح_البخارى_1-4_-_3_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSulthon_bin_‘Abdirrahman_Al-‘Umairi" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sulthon bin ‘Abdirrahman Al-‘Umairi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5tkvCwAAQBAJ"><i>إمداد القارى بشرح كتاب التفسير من صحيح البخارى 1-4 - 3</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(Paperback)</span> (in Arabic). IslamKotob. p. 506<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89+%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD+%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%AD+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89+1-4+-+3&rft.pages=506&rft.pub=IslamKotob&rft.au=Sulthon+bin+%E2%80%98Abdirrahman+Al-%E2%80%98Umairi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5tkvCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzrael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10.1163_1573-3912_islam_SIM_3719-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-10.1163_1573-3912_islam_SIM_3719_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-10.1163_1573-3912_islam_SIM_3719_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wensinck, A.J., “ʿIzrāʾīl”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 17 August 2023 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_3719">10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3719</a> First published online: 2012 First print edition: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004161214" title="Special:BookSources/9789004161214">9789004161214</a>, 1960-2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Umdat_al-Qari_interpretation_of_Sahih_al-Bukhari-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Umdat_al-Qari_interpretation_of_Sahih_al-Bukhari_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBadr_al-Din_al-Ayni" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Badr al-Din al-Ayni. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamweb.net/ar/library/index.php?page=bookcontents&idfrom=1&idto=31596&bk_no=303&ID=1">"Umdat al qari; Interpretation of Sahih Bukhari"</a>. <i>Islamweb.net</i> (in Arabic). al-Maktaba al-Islam (Islamic library). p. 53<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2022</span>. <q>حدثنا عمر بن حفص بن غياث ، حدثنا أبي ، حد; فيقولون : نعم هذا الموت ، وكلهم قد رآه ، ثم ينادي : يا أهل النار ، فيشرئبون وينظرون ، فيقول : هل تعرفون هذا ؟ فيقولون : نعم هذا الموت ، وكلهم قد رآه فيذبح ثم يقول : يا أهل الجنة ، خلود فلا موت ، ويا أهل النار خلود فلا موت ، ثم قرأ; Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "On the Day of Resurrection Death will be brought forward in the shape of a black and white ram. Then a call maker will call, 'O people of Paradise!' Thereupon they will stretch their necks and look carefully. The caller will say, 'Do you know this?' They will say, 'Yes, this is Death.' By then all of them will have seen it. Then it will be announced again, 'O people of Hell !' They will stretch their necks and look carefully. The caller will say, 'Do you know this?' They will say, 'Yes, this is Death.' And by then all of them will have seen it. Then it (that ram) will be slaughtered and the caller will say, 'O people of Paradise! Eternity for you and no death O people of Hell! Eternity for you and no death."' ثنا الأعمش ، حدثنا أبو صالح ، عن أبي سعيد الخدري رضي الله عنه قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : يؤتى بالموت كهيئة كبش أملح فينادي مناد : يا أهل الجنة ، فيشرئبون ، وينظرون ، فيقول : هل تعرفون هذا ؟</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Islamweb.net&rft.atitle=Umdat+al+qari%3B+Interpretation+of+Sahih+Bukhari&rft.pages=53&rft.au=Badr+al-Din+al-Ayni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fislamweb.net%2Far%2Flibrary%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dbookcontents%26idfrom%3D1%26idto%3D31596%26bk_no%3D303%26ID%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzrael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Davidson" title="Gustav Davidson">Davidson, Gustav</a>. <i>A Dictionary of Angels, Including the Fallen Angels</i>. New York: Free Press. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. p. 255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rubanovich, Julia. 2015. <i>Orality and Textuality in the Iranian World: Patterns of Interaction Across the Centuries</i>. Leiden: Brill. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004291973" title="Special:BookSources/9789004291973">9789004291973</a>. p. 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Al-Garrallah-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Al-Garrallah_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Al-Garrallah_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Al-Garrallah_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Al-Garrallah, Aiman Sanad. 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316475279_The_Islamic_tale_of_Solomon_and_the_angel_of_death_in_English_poetry_Origins_translations_and_adaptations">"The Islamic tale of Solomon and the Angel of Death in English Poetry: Origins, Translations, and Adaptations"</a>. <i>Forum for World Literature Studies</i> 8(4):528–47. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:1949-8519">1949-8519</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fwls.org/Download/2017/0207/294.html">Issue link</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHunt1850" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leigh_Hunt" title="Leigh Hunt">Hunt, Leigh</a> (1850). "The Inevitable". In <a href="/wiki/William_Harrison_Ainsworth" title="William Harrison Ainsworth">Ainsworth, W. Harrison</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xRncgX53trIC"><i>The New Monthly Magazine and Humorist</i></a>. English literary periodicals, volumes 264-275. London: Chapman and Hall. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2025</span>. <q><br />He wore a cowl, from under which there shone,<br />Full on the guest, and on the guest alone,<br />A face, not of this earth, half veiled in gloom<br />And radiance, but with eyes like lamps of doom,<br />[...]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Inevitable&rft.btitle=The+New+Monthly+Magazine+and+Humorist&rft.place=London&rft.series=English+literary+periodicals%2C+volumes+264-275&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Chapman+and+Hall&rft.date=1850&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Leigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxRncgX53trIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzrael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1968" class="citation journal cs1">Davidson, Gustav (Fall 1968). "Longfellow's Angels". <i><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Schooner" title="Prairie Schooner">Prairie Schooner</a></i>. <b>42</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">235–</span>243. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40630837">40630837</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prairie+Schooner&rft.atitle=Longfellow%27s+Angels&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E235-%3C%2Fspan%3E243&rft.date=1968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40630837%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Gustav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzrael" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Angels_in_Abrahamic_religions233" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Angels_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="Template:Angels in Abrahamic religions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Angels_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="Template talk:Angels in Abrahamic religions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Angels_in_Abrahamic_religions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Angels in Abrahamic religions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Angels_in_Abrahamic_religions233" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a> in <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Judaism" title="Angels in Judaism">Angels in<br />Judaism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriel" title="Uriel">Uriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_of_the_Lord" title="Angel of the Lord">Angel of the Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_of_the_Presence" title="Angel of the Presence">Angel of the Presence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroying_angel_(Bible)" title="Destroying angel (Bible)">Destroying Angel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Azrael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_(angel)" title="Ariel (angel)">Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arariel" title="Arariel">Arariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azazel" title="Azazel">Azazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camael" title="Camael">Camael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassiel" title="Cassiel">Cassiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobiel" title="Dobiel">Dobiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumah_(angel)" title="Dumah (angel)">Dumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisheth" title="Eisheth">Eisheth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadraniel" title="Hadraniel">Hadraniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haniel" title="Haniel">Haniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerahmeel_(archangel)" title="Jerahmeel (archangel)">Jerahmeel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jophiel" title="Jophiel">Jophiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushiel" title="Kushiel">Kushiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lailah_(angel)" title="Lailah (angel)">Lailah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastema" title="Mastema">Mastema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metatron" title="Metatron">Metatron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuriel" title="Nuriel">Nuriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravuil" title="Pravuil">Pravuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raziel" title="Raziel">Raziel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachiel" title="Sachiel">Sachiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samael" title="Samael">Samael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samyaza" title="Samyaza">Samyaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandalphon" title="Sandalphon">Sandalphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senoy,_Sansenoy_and_Semangelof" title="Senoy, Sansenoy and Semangelof">Senoy, Sansenoy and Semangelof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaphkiel" title="Zaphkiel">Tzaphqiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoel" title="Yahoel">Yahoel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadkiel" title="Zadkiel">Zadkiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerachiel" title="Zerachiel">Zerachiel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seraph" title="Seraph">Seraphim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_creatures_(Bible)" title="Living creatures (Bible)">Chayot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophanim" title="Ophanim">Ophanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">Cherubim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashmal" title="Hashmal">Hashmallim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishim_(angel)" title="Ishim (angel)">Ishim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_God" title="Sons of God">Sons of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recording_angel" title="Recording angel">Recording angels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Christianity" title="Angels in Christianity">Angels in<br />Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaddon" title="Abaddon">Abaddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriel" title="Uriel">Uriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_(angel)" title="Ariel (angel)">Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azazel" title="Azazel">Azazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sariel" title="Sariel">Sariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandalphon" title="Sandalphon">Sandalphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raguel_(angel)" title="Raguel (angel)">Raguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramiel" title="Ramiel">Ramiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selaphiel" title="Selaphiel">Selaphiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barachiel" title="Barachiel">Barachiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jegudiel" title="Jegudiel">Jegudiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camael" title="Camael">Camael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_of_Portugal" title="Angel of Portugal">Guardian Angel of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerahmeel_(archangel)" title="Jerahmeel (archangel)">Jerahmeel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jophiel" title="Jophiel">Jophiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metatron" title="Metatron">Metatron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samyaza" title="Samyaza">Samyaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravuil" title="Pravuil">Pravuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachiel" title="Sachiel">Sachiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadkiel" title="Zadkiel">Zadkiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarathiel" title="Sarathiel">Sarathiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zerachiel" title="Zerachiel">Zerachiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanuel_(angel)" title="Phanuel (angel)">Phanuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aker_(angel)" title="Aker (angel)">Aker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabuthelon" title="Gabuthelon">Gabuthelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arphugitonos" title="Arphugitonos">Arphugitonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beburos" title="Beburos">Beburos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebuleon" title="Zebuleon">Zebuleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_(angel)" title="Daniel (angel)">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerubiel" title="Kerubiel">Kerubiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokabiel" title="Kokabiel">Kokabiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushiel" title="Kushiel">Kushiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lailah_(angel)" title="Lailah (angel)">Leliel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_(angel)" title="Muriel (angel)">Muriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahaliah" title="Pahaliah">Pahaliah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seraphiel" title="Seraphiel">Seraphiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsiel" title="Shamsiel">Shamsiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chazaqiel" title="Chazaqiel">Chazaqiel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seraph" title="Seraph">Seraphim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">Cherubim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophanim" title="Ophanim">Ophanim</a>/<a href="/wiki/Throne_(angel)" title="Throne (angel)">Thrones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_(angel)" title="Dominion (angel)">Dominions</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Lordships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Virtues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Powers</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Authorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Principalities</a>/<a href="/wiki/Christian_angelology" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian angelology">Rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watcher_(angel)" title="Watcher (angel)">Watchers</a>/<a href="/wiki/Guardian_angel" title="Guardian angel">Guardian angels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Angels in <br />Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Mikha'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Jibra'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Israfil</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Azra'il</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C5%AB%E1%B8%A5" title="Rūḥ">ar-Rūḥ</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azazil" title="Azazil">ʿAzāzīl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iblis" title="Iblis">Iblis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artiya%27il" title="Artiya'il">Artiya'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darda%27il" title="Darda'il">Darda'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumah_(angel)" title="Dumah (angel)">Dumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalqa%27il" title="Kalqa'il">Kalqa'il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futrus" title="Futrus">Futrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_(angel)" title="Habib (angel)">Ḥabīb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harut_and_Marut" title="Harut and Marut">Harut and Marut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maalik" title="Maalik">Mālik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munkar_and_Nakir" title="Munkar and Nakir">Munkar and Nakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ri%E1%B8%8Dwan" title="Riḍwan">Riḍwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bearers_of_the_Throne" title="Bearers of the Throne">Mu'qarrabun</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">Cherubim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seraph" title="Seraph">Seraphim</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabaniyah" title="Zabaniyah">Angels of Hell</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mu%27aqqibat" title="Mu'aqqibat">Hafaza</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Guardian_angel" title="Guardian angel">Guardian angel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiraman_Katibin" title="Kiraman Katibin">Recording angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81zi%27%C4%81t_and_N%C4%81shi%E1%B9%AD%C4%81t" title="Nāzi'āt and Nāshiṭāt">Nāzi'āt and Nāshiṭāt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Uthra" title="Uthra">Uthras (angels) in <br />Mandaeism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yushamin" title="Yushamin">Yushamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abatur" title="Abatur">Abatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptahil" title="Ptahil">Ptahil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibil" title="Hibil">Hibil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shitil" title="Shitil">Shitil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anush_(Mandaeism)" title="Anush (Mandaeism)">Anush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Ziwa" title="Sam Ziwa">Sam Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manda_d-Hayyi" title="Manda d-Hayyi">Manda d-Hayyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilmai" title="Shilmai">Shilmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidbai" title="Nidbai">Nidbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adathan_and_Yadathan" title="Adathan and Yadathan">Adathan and Yadathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yufin-Yufafin" title="Yufin-Yufafin">Yufin-Yufafin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urfeil_and_Marfeil" title="Urfeil and Marfeil">Urfeil and Marfeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarwan" title="Tarwan">Tar and Tarwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihram" title="Bihram">Bihram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zihrun" title="Zihrun">Zihrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etinsib_Ziwa" title="Etinsib Ziwa">Etinsib Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nbat" title="Nbat">Nbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nsab" title="Nsab">Nsab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gubran" title="Gubran">Gubran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihlun" title="Shihlun">Shihlun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yurba" title="Yurba">Yurba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukabar" title="Yukabar">Yukabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukashar" title="Yukashar">Yukashar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawar_Ziwa" title="Yawar Ziwa">Yawar Ziwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simat_Hayyi" title="Simat Hayyi">Simat Hayyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saureil" title="Saureil">Saureil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uthra" title="Uthra">Niṭufta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gupna" class="mw-redirect" title="Gupna">Gupna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ziwa_(Aramaic)" title="Ziwa (Aramaic)">Ziwa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Moroni" title="Angel Moroni">Angel Moroni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_angels" title="Hierarchy of angels">Hierarchy of angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_host" title="Heavenly host">Heavenly host</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Archangels" title="Seven Archangels">Seven Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Angels%27_Messages" title="Three Angels' Messages">Three Angels' Messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watcher_(angel)" title="Watcher (angel)">Watcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallen_angel" title="Fallen angel">Fallen angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_angels_in_theology" title="List of angels in theology">List of angels in theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_angels_in_Ars_Paulina" title="List of angels in Ars Paulina">List of angels in Ars Paulina</a></li> <li>Ambiguous <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalkydri" title="Chalkydri">Chalkydri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elioud" title="Elioud">Elioud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephilim" title="Nephilim">Nephilim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teraphim" title="Teraphim">Teraphim</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_art" title="Angels in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_angels_in_fiction" title="List of angels in fiction">List of angels in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_angels" title="List of films about angels">List of films about angels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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