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<li id="toc-Helwan_Governorate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Helwan_Governorate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Helwan Governorate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Helwan_Governorate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecclesiastical_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecclesiastical_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ecclesiastical history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ecclesiastical_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ecclesiastical history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ecclesiastical_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Titular_see" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titular_see"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Titular see</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titular_see-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_subdivisions_and_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_subdivisions_and_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Administrative subdivisions and population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_subdivisions_and_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Helwan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حلوان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حلوان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حلوان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="حلوان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="হেলওয়ান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হেলওয়ান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хелуан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хелуан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helwan" title="Helwan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Helwan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%A8alw%C4%81n_(lungsod)" title="Ḩalwān (lungsod) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ḩalwān (lungsod)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helw%C3%A1n" title="Helwán – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Helwán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helwan" title="Helwan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Helwan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helwan" title="Helwan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Helwan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hel%C5%ADano" title="Helŭano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Helŭano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helwan" title="Helwan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Helwan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1)" title="حلوان (مصر) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حلوان (مصر)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helwan" title="Helwan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Helwan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%AC%EC%99%84" title="헬완 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="헬완" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Հելուան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հելուան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helwan" title="Helwan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Helwan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helwan" title="Helwan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Helwan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helwan" title="Helwan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Helwan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F" title="חלוואן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חלוואן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჰელუანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰელუანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heluanas" title="Heluanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Heluanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حلوان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حلوان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helwan" title="Helwan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Helwan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%98%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AF%E3%83%B3" title="ヘルワン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヘルワン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helwan" title="Helwan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Helwan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حلوان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="حلوان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heluan" title="Heluan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Heluan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helu%C3%A3" title="Heluã – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Heluã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хелуан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хелуан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helwan" title="Helwan – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Helwan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helvan" title="Helvan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Helvan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilwan" title="Hilwan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hilwan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helwan" title="Helwan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Helwan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="เฮลวาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เฮลวาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helvan" title="Helvan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Helvan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хелуан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хелуан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حلوان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حلوان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helwan" title="Helwan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Helwan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%8B%92%E4%B8%87" title="赫勒万 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="赫勒万" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q771345#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Helwan&params=29_50_43_N_31_20_00_E_region:EG_type:city(521239)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°50′43″N</span> <span class="longitude">31°20′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.84528°N 31.33333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.84528; 31.33333</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other places with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Halvan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Halvan (disambiguation)">Halvan</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">District of Cairo in Egypt</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement 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.infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Helwan</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حلوان</span></span><br /><span title="Coptic-language text"><span lang="cop">ϩⲁⲗⲟⲩⲁⲛ</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">District of Cairo</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Hayy Helwan</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HelwanFaruqPalace.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Farouk's palace"><img alt="Farouk's palace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/HelwanFaruqPalace.jpg/250px-HelwanFaruqPalace.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/HelwanFaruqPalace.jpg/375px-HelwanFaruqPalace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/HelwanFaruqPalace.jpg/500px-HelwanFaruqPalace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><a href="/wiki/Farouk_of_Egypt" title="Farouk of Egypt">Farouk</a>'s palace</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:300px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:300px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Egypt_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Helwan is located in Egypt"><img alt="Helwan is located in Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Egypt_adm_location_map.svg/300px-Egypt_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Egypt_adm_location_map.svg/450px-Egypt_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Egypt_adm_location_map.svg/600px-Egypt_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1055" data-file-height="973" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.877%;left:54.453%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Helwan"><img alt="Helwan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Helwan</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Egypt</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Helwan&params=29_50_43_N_31_20_00_E_region:EG_type:city(521239)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°50′43″N</span> <span class="longitude">31°20′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.84528°N 31.33333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.84528; 31.33333</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Egypt</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Governorates of Egypt">Governorate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cairo_Governorate" title="Cairo Governorate">Cairo</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">25 sq mi (65 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2017)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">521,239</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Egypt_Standard_Time" title="Egypt Standard Time">EST</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Helwan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حلوان</span> <i><span title="Egyptian Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="arz-Latn">Ḥelwān</i></span></i>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="arz-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Egyptian_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic">[ħelˈwæːn]</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Coptic_language" title="Coptic language">Coptic</a>: <span lang="cop">ϩⲁⲗⲟⲩⲁⲛ</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Coptic-language romanization"><i lang="cop-Latn">Halwan</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a suburban district in the Southern Area of <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area of Helwan witnessed <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Egypt" title="Prehistoric Egypt">prehistoric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egyptian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim conquest of Egypt">Muslim era</a> activity. More recently it was designated as a city until as late as the 1960s,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before it became contiguous with the city of Cairo and was incorporated as a <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Local Government in Egypt">district</a>. For a brief period between April 2008 and April 2011 it was redesignated as a city, and served as the capital of the now defunct <a href="/wiki/Helwan_Governorate" title="Helwan Governorate">Helwan Governorate</a> that was split from <a href="/wiki/Cairo_Governorate" title="Cairo Governorate">Cairo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giza_Governorate" title="Giza Governorate">Giza governorates</a>, before being re-incorporated back into them.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>kism</i> of Helwan had a population of 521,239 in the 2017 <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">census</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helwan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Helwan and Isnian cultures of the late <a href="/wiki/Epipalaeolithic" title="Epipalaeolithic">Epipalaeolithic</a>, and their Ouchata retouch methods for creating microlithic tools may have contributed to the development of the <a href="/wiki/Harifian" class="mw-redirect" title="Harifian">Harifian</a> cultural assemblage of the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> which may have introduced <a href="/wiki/Proto-Semitic_language" title="Proto-Semitic language">Proto-Semitic languages</a> into the Middle East. Around 3000 to 2600 BC, there was a <a href="/wiki/Helwan_(cemetery)" title="Helwan (cemetery)">cemetery near Helwan</a> serving the city of <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Egypt" title="Memphis, Egypt">Memphis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city of Helwan was founded in 689 CE as <a href="/wiki/Fustat" title="Fustat">Fustat</a>'s temporary replacement as the capital of Umayyad Egypt by its governor <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Aziz_ibn_Marwan" title="Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan">Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan</a>, who died in the new city.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Khedivial Astronomical Observatory was built here 1903–1904, and was used to observe <a href="/wiki/Halley%27s_comet" class="mw-redirect" title="Halley's comet">Halley's comet</a>. Egypt's oldest and largest private psychiatric clinic, the <a href="/wiki/Behman_Hospital" title="Behman Hospital">Behman Hospital</a>, was constructed here in 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the early part of the 20th century, the city was the site of <a href="/wiki/Helwan_Airfield" title="Helwan Airfield">RAF Helwan</a>, a major British airfield, which was later used by the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Air_Force" title="Egyptian Air Force">Egyptian Air Force</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1959 Helwan was chosen to serve as a site of a major industrial city, as part of President <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser's</a> attempts to industrialize Egypt. Throughout the 1960s, it developed into a massive <a href="/wiki/Steelworks" class="mw-redirect" title="Steelworks">steelworks</a> zone, with numerous automobile factories being built. The site continues to use electricity from the <a href="/wiki/Aswan_Dam" title="Aswan Dam">Aswan Dam</a> and iron ore from Egypt's western deserts. Helwan was gradually transformed into a mass suburb of Cairo for the working class.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Helwan_Governorate">Helwan Governorate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helwan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Helwan Governorate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Helwan_Governorate" title="Helwan Governorate">Helwan Governorate</a> was split from the <a href="/wiki/Cairo_Governorate" title="Cairo Governorate">Cairo Governorate</a>, encompassing most of the districts outside the <a href="/wiki/Ring_Road_(Cairo)" title="Ring Road (Cairo)">ring road</a>, as well as all satellite cities (<a href="/wiki/15th_of_May_(city)" title="15th of May (city)">15th May</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Cairo" title="New Cairo">New Cairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Shorouk" title="El Shorouk">Shorouk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badr,_Egypt" title="Badr, Egypt">Badr</a>, and Huckstep) and the undeveloped desert.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Helwan was elevated to city status, incorporating the districts of al-Ma'sara, 'Ain Helwan (qism Helwan), and al-Mustaqbal (prev. 15 May), and became the capital of the new governorate.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Maadi" title="Maadi">Maadi</a> was also elevated to city status, incorporating the districts of Maadi, Tora, al-Tibin and al-Nahda.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Helwan Governorate later incorporated the rural counties (marakiz, sing. <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Local Government in Egypt">markaz</a>) of <a href="/wiki/El_Saff" title="El Saff">Al-Saf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atfih" title="Atfih">Atfih</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Giza_Governorate" title="Giza Governorate">Giza Governorate's</a> former jurisdiction east of the Nile.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the dissolution of the Helwan Governorate in April 2011, all cities and districts returned to their previous statuses, and the city of Helwan was reincorporated as a district.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 972px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Helwan_points_(Abu_Salem_points_sub-type).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Helwan points (Abu Salem points sub-type)"><img alt="Helwan points (Abu Salem points sub-type)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Helwan_points_%28Abu_Salem_points_sub-type%29.jpg/250px-Helwan_points_%28Abu_Salem_points_sub-type%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Helwan_points_%28Abu_Salem_points_sub-type%29.jpg/330px-Helwan_points_%28Abu_Salem_points_sub-type%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1370" data-file-height="1871" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Helwan points (Abu Salem points sub-type)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Levantine_sites_with_Helwan_points.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the Levantine sites with Helwan points"><img alt="Map of the Levantine sites with Helwan points" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Map_of_the_Levantine_sites_with_Helwan_points.jpg/200px-Map_of_the_Levantine_sites_with_Helwan_points.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Map_of_the_Levantine_sites_with_Helwan_points.jpg/300px-Map_of_the_Levantine_sites_with_Helwan_points.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Map_of_the_Levantine_sites_with_Helwan_points.jpg/400px-Map_of_the_Levantine_sites_with_Helwan_points.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2061" data-file-height="1652" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of the Levantine sites with Helwan points</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecclesiastical_history">Ecclesiastical history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helwan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ecclesiastical history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alphocranon was important enough in the Late <a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">Roman province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_Aegypti" title="Arcadia Aegypti">Arcadia Aegypti</a> to be a <a href="/wiki/Suffragan" class="mw-redirect" title="Suffragan">suffragan</a> of its Metropolitan Archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Oxyrhynchus" title="Oxyrhynchus">Oxyrhynchus</a>. </p><p>Its bishop, Harpocration, participated in the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a> in 325. The bishopric is mentioned in two <i><a href="/wiki/Notitiae_Episcopatuum" title="Notitiae Episcopatuum">Notitiae Episcopatuum</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Titular_see">Titular see</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helwan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Titular see"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>No longer a residential diocese, Alphocranon is today listed by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Latin_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Catholic">Latin Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Titular_bishopric" class="mw-redirect" title="Titular bishopric">titular bishopric</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> nominally restoring the diocese since 1933, but no incumbent is recorded. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_subdivisions_and_population">Administrative subdivisions and population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helwan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Administrative subdivisions and population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 2017 census, Helwan had 521,239 residents in 8 shiakhas:<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="1" rowspan="1">Shiakha </th> <th colspan="1" rowspan="1">Code 2017 </th> <th colspan="1" rowspan="1">Population </th></tr> <tr> <td>`Ayn Ḥulwân </td> <td>010208 </td> <td>34800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kafr al-`Uluw </td> <td>010207 </td> <td>73561 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Masâkin al-Iqtiṣâdiyya, al- </td> <td>010201 </td> <td>98831 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ḥulwân al-balad </td> <td>010203 </td> <td>106302 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ḥulwân al-baḥriyya </td> <td>010202 </td> <td>13328 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ḥulwân al-gharbiyya </td> <td>010205 </td> <td>44775 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ḥulwân al-qibliyya </td> <td>010206 </td> <td>15384 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ḥulwân al-sharqiyya </td> <td>010204 </td> <td>134258 </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cairo_-_Helwan_District_Map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cairo_-_Helwan_District_Map.jpg/220px-Cairo_-_Helwan_District_Map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cairo_-_Helwan_District_Map.jpg/330px-Cairo_-_Helwan_District_Map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Cairo_-_Helwan_District_Map.jpg/440px-Cairo_-_Helwan_District_Map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="1122" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helwan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasser_at_Helwan_car_factory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Nasser_at_Helwan_car_factory.jpg/250px-Nasser_at_Helwan_car_factory.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Nasser_at_Helwan_car_factory.jpg/330px-Nasser_at_Helwan_car_factory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Nasser_at_Helwan_car_factory.jpg/500px-Nasser_at_Helwan_car_factory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="699" data-file-height="493" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> inaugurating the Al Nasr automobile factory in Helwan, 1963</figcaption></figure> <p>Local industry includes <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Textiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Textiles">textiles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cement" title="Cement">cement</a>. The area has hot <a href="/wiki/Sulphur_spring" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulphur spring">sulphur springs</a>, an astronomical observatory, the <a href="/wiki/Helwan_University" title="Helwan University">Helwan University</a> and a burial chamber (discovered in 1946). It is the southern terminus of Cairo's light rail <a href="/wiki/Cairo_Metro_Line_1" title="Cairo Metro Line 1">Metro Line 1</a>. Also <a href="/wiki/Trams" class="mw-redirect" title="Trams">trams</a> in Helwan used to serve the people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helwan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen-Geiger_climate_classification_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Köppen-Geiger climate classification system">Köppen-Geiger climate classification system</a> classifies its climate as <a href="/wiki/Hot_desert_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot desert climate">hot desert</a> (BWh). Owing to its proximity to <a href="/wiki/Cairo#Climate" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, its average monthly temperatures are quite similar, but it has a quite different distribution of <a href="/wiki/Humidity" title="Humidity">humidity</a> and its diurnal average temperature variation is slightly larger. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Helwan </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4<br />(86.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2<br />(91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2<br />(99.0) </td> <td style="background: #F20000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.4<br />(108.3) </td> <td style="background: #B80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.6<br />(115.9) </td> <td style="background: #AD0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47.4<br />(117.3) </td> <td style="background: #DB0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.1<br />(111.4) </td> <td style="background: #DF0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.8<br />(110.8) </td> <td style="background: #DC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.0<br />(111.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.2<br />(104.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.9<br />(96.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #AD0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">47.4<br />(117.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.3<br />(93.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6<br />(94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6<br />(90.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3<br />(84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.2<br />(59.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2<br />(34.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−3.4<br />(25.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(0.2) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(0.2) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18<br />(0.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #2C2CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">53 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">220.8 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">211.7 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">266.3 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB03; color:#000000;" class="notheme">275.8 </td> <td style="background: #F1F113; color:#000000;" class="notheme">314.6 </td> <td style="background: #FEFE31; color:#000000;" class="notheme">357.5 </td> <td style="background: #FAFA27; color:#000000;" class="notheme">350.2 </td> <td style="background: #F7F720; color:#000000;" class="notheme">337.8 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC07; color:#000000;" class="notheme">282.7 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC05; color:#000000;" class="notheme">289.6 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">244.1 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">197.1 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,348.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NOAA<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notability">Notability</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helwan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Prose plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Prose" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>is in <a href="/wiki/MOS:LIST" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:LIST">list</a> format but may read better as <a href="/wiki/MOS:PROSE" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:PROSE">prose</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helwan&action=edit">converting this article</a>, if appropriate. <a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing help</a> is available.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2017</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadd_el-Kafara" title="Sadd el-Kafara">Sadd el-Kafara</a>, one of the earliest prehistoric man-made dams in the world.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Knox-Shaw" title="Harold Knox-Shaw">Harold Knox-Shaw</a>, one of the earliest astronomy specialists in Helwan Observatory.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reynolds_(astronomer)" title="John Reynolds (astronomer)">John Reynolds</a>, one of the earliest astronomy specialists in Helwan Observatory & president of the English <a href="/wiki/Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Royal Astronomical Society">Royal Astronomical Society</a> between 1935 and 1937.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Priha" title="Operation Priha">Operation Priha</a>: Helwan was targeted in Priha-1.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tewfik_Pasha" title="Tewfik Pasha">Tewfik Pasha</a> died in his palace at Helwan.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/6th_Armoured_Division_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="6th Armoured Division (South Africa)">6th Armoured Division (South Africa)</a> was present at Helwan during WW II.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/82-BM-37" title="82-BM-37">82-BM-37</a> is known as "Helwan M-69 82mm mortar".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Hassan_Azzam" title="Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam">Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam</a> Pasha lived in Helwan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moataz_Eno" title="Moataz Eno">Moataz Eno</a> was born in Helwan.</li> <li>Cars produced at Helwan: <ul><li>Nasr 128</li> <li>Sahin 1.4S</li> <li>Sahin 1.6SL</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zastava_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Zastava Florida">Zastava Florida</a> In</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_1100" title="Fiat 1100">Fiat 1100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_1300/1500" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiat 1300/1500">Fiat 1300/1500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_2300" title="Fiat 2300">Fiat 2300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polski_Fiat_125p" title="Polski Fiat 125p">Polski Fiat 125p</a>/FSO 125p</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FSO_Polonez" title="FSO Polonez">FSO Polonez</a> MR'83/MR'85</li> <li>FSO Polonez MR'86/MR'87/MR'89</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_Ritmo" title="Fiat Ritmo">Fiat Ritmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_Regata" title="Fiat Regata">Fiat Regata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_Tempra" title="Fiat Tempra">Fiat Tempra</a></li></ul></li> <li>The English <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Command_Camouflage_Directorate" title="Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate">Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate</a> was present in Helwan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Barkas" title="Geoffrey Barkas">Geoffrey Barkas</a> designed the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Bertram" title="Operation Bertram">Operation Bertram</a> while heading <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Command_Camouflage_Directorate" title="Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate">Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate</a>.</li> <li>A crater on the <a href="/wiki/List_of_geological_features_on_951_Gaspra" title="List of geological features on 951 Gaspra">951 Gaspra</a> asteroid was named after the spa city of Helwan.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inebu-hedj" title="Inebu-hedj">Inebu-hedj</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helwan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Egyptian_sites" title="List of ancient Egyptian sites">List of ancient Egyptian sites</a>, including sites of temples</li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_of_May_(city)" title="15th of May (city)">15th of May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cairo" title="Greater Cairo">Greater Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helwan_retouch" title="Helwan retouch">Helwan retouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helwan_University" title="Helwan University">Helwan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Tebin" class="mw-redirect" title="El Tebin">El Tebin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maadi" title="Maadi">Maadi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helwan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEmile1893" class="citation book cs1">Emile, Amélineau (1893). <i>La géographie de l'Egypte à l'époque copte</i>. Paris: Imprimerie nationale. p. 584.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+g%C3%A9ographie+de+l%27Egypte+%C3%A0+l%27%C3%A9poque+copte.&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=584&rft.pub=Imprimerie+nationale&rft.date=1893&rft.aulast=Emile&rft.aufirst=Am%C3%A9lineau&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cairo.gov.eg/en/Pages/Region.aspx?ReID=11#">"Southern Area"</a>. <i>www.cairo.gov.eg</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cairo.gov.eg&rft.atitle=Southern+Area&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cairo.gov.eg%2Fen%2FPages%2FRegion.aspx%3FReID%3D11%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230221202308/https://www.cc.gov.eg/legislation_single?id=147999">"Minister of Justice Decree 272/1961"</a>. <i>The Official Gazette</i>. 1961. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cc.gov.eg/legislation_single?id=147999">the original</a> on 21 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Kennedy">Kennedy, Hugh</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y3FtXpB_tqMC&pg=PA62">"Egypt as a Province in the Islamic Caliphate, 641–868"</a>. In Petry, Carl F. (ed.). <i>Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume One: Islamic Egypt, 640–1517</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-47137-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-47137-0"><bdi>0-521-47137-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Egypt+as+a+Province+in+the+Islamic+Caliphate%2C+641%E2%80%93868&rft.btitle=Cambridge+History+of+Egypt%2C+Volume+One%3A+Islamic+Egypt%2C+640%E2%80%931517&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-521-47137-0&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy3FtXpB_tqMC%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://behman.com/about-us-2/our-history/">"our history – The Behman hospital"</a>. <i>behman.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Signal Books. p. 196. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781902669779" title="Special:BookSources/9781902669779">9781902669779</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cc.gov.eg/legislation_single?id=401592">"Presidential Decree 114/2008"</a>. <i>The Official Gazette</i>. 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Official+Gazette&rft.atitle=Presidential+Decree+114%2F2008&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcc.gov.eg%2Flegislation_single%3Fid%3D401592&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cc.gov.eg/legislation_single?id=161989">"Prime Ministerial Decree 2994/2008"</a>. <i>The Official Gazette</i>. 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Official+Gazette&rft.atitle=Prime+Ministerial+Decree+2994%2F2008&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcc.gov.eg%2Flegislation_single%3Fid%3D161989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cc.gov.eg/legislation_single?id=146963">"Presidential Decree 124/2008"</a>. <i>The Official Gazette</i>. 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Official+Gazette&rft.atitle=Presidential+Decree+124%2F2008&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcc.gov.eg%2Flegislation_single%3Fid%3D146963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Siméon Vailhé, v. <i>Alphocranon</i>, in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6561037d/f363.image"><i>Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques</i></a>, vol. XII, Paris 1953, col. 677</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Klaas_Worp" title="Klaas Worp">Klaas A. Worp</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/8214/5_039_223.pdf?sequence=1"><i>A Checklist of Bishops in Byzantine Egypt (A.D. 325 - c. 750)</i></a>, in <i>Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik</i> 100 (1994) 283-318</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Annuario Pontificio 2013</i> (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-209-9070-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-209-9070-1">978-88-209-9070-1</a>), p. 829</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/UB/62378.TXT">"Helwan Climate Normals 1961–1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Helwan+Climate+Normals+1961%E2%80%931990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.atdd.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2FGCOS%2FWMO-Normals%2FTABLES%2FREG__I%2FUB%2F62378.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelwan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helwan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Districts_of_Greater_Cairo" title="Template:Districts of Greater Cairo"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Districts_of_Greater_Cairo" title="Template talk:Districts of Greater Cairo"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Districts_of_Greater_Cairo" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Districts of Greater Cairo"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Districts_and_suburbs_of_Greater_Cairo121" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Districts and suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Cairo" title="Greater Cairo">Greater Cairo</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cairo_Governorate" title="Cairo Governorate">Cairo Governorate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbassia" title="Abbassia">Abbassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ain_Shams" title="Ain Shams">Ain Shams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azbakeya" title="Azbakeya">Azbakeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulaq">Bulaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daher,_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Daher, Egypt">Daher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Darb_al-Ahmar" title="Al-Darb al-Ahmar">Al-Darb al-Ahmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Marg" title="El Marg">El Marg</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Helwan</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Massarah">Massarah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/15th_of_May_(city)" title="15th of May (city)">15th of May</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mokattam" title="Mokattam">Mokattam</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_the_Dead_(Cairo)" title="City of the Dead (Cairo)">City of the Dead (al-Qarafa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manshiyat_Naser" title="Manshiyat Naser">Manshiyat Naser</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasr_City" title="Nasr City">Nasr City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Qobbah" title="El Qobbah">El Qobbah</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Roda_Island" title="Roda Island">Rhoda Island</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/El_Manial" title="El Manial">El Manial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Sakkakini" title="El Sakkakini">El Sakkakini</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shubra" title="Shubra">Shubra</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shubra_(administrative_region)" title="Shubra (administrative region)">Shubra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Sahel" title="El Sahel">El Sahel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_El_Farag" title="Rod El Farag">Rod El Farag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeitoun,_Cairo" title="Zeitoun, Cairo">Zeitoun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><i>Historical</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Cairo" title="Coptic Cairo">Coptic Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Cairo" title="Downtown Cairo">Downtown Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faggala" title="Faggala">Faggala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fustat" title="Fustat">Fustat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Cairo" title="Islamic Cairo">Islamic Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Matareya,_Cairo" title="El Matareya, Cairo">El Matareya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Cairo" title="Old Cairo">Old Cairo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><i>Affluent</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garden_City,_Cairo" title="Garden City, Cairo">Garden City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliopolis,_Cairo" title="Heliopolis, Cairo">Heliopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maadi" title="Maadi">Maadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamalek" title="Zamalek">Zamalek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><i>Newly planned</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badr,_Egypt" title="Badr, Egypt">Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madinaty" title="Madinaty">Madinaty</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Cairo" title="New Cairo">New Cairo</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/El_Rehab" class="mw-redirect" title="El Rehab">El Rehab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Settlement" title="Fifth Settlement">Fifth Settlement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Heliopolis" title="New Heliopolis">New Heliopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Shorouk" title="El Shorouk">El Shorouk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beauty_Of_Egypt.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Beauty_Of_Egypt.JPG/150px-Beauty_Of_Egypt.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Beauty_Of_Egypt.JPG/225px-Beauty_Of_Egypt.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Beauty_Of_Egypt.JPG/300px-Beauty_Of_Egypt.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4555" data-file-height="2860" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Giza-Nile.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Giza-Nile.JPG/250px-Giza-Nile.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Giza-Nile.JPG/330px-Giza-Nile.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Giza_Governorate" title="Giza Governorate">Giza Governorate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agouza" title="Agouza">Agouza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mit_Okba" title="Mit Okba">Mit Okba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbaba" title="Imbaba">Imbaba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><i>Historical</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerdasa" title="Kerdasa">Kerdasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><i>Affluent</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dokki" title="Dokki">Dokki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohandessin" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohandessin">Mohandessin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><i>Newly planned</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6th_of_October_(city)" title="6th of October (city)">6th of October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Zayed_City" title="Sheikh Zayed City">Sheikh Zayed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qalyubia_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Qalyubia Governorate">Qalyubia Governorate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shubra_El_Kheima" title="Shubra El Kheima">Shubra El Kheima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><i>Newly planned</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obour_(city)" title="Obour (city)">Obour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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