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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Uniform+Code+of+Military+Justice%22">"Uniform Code of Military Justice"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Uniform+Code+of+Military+Justice%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Uniform+Code+of+Military+Justice%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Uniform+Code+of+Military+Justice%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Uniform+Code+of+Military+Justice%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Uniform+Code+of+Military+Justice%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Uniform Code of Military Justice</b> (<b>UCMJ</b>) is the foundation of the system of <a href="/wiki/Military_justice" title="Military justice">military justice</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">armed forces of the United States</a>. The UCMJ was established by the United States Congress in accordance with their <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">constitutional authority</a>, per <a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Article I</a> Section 8 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">U.S. Constitution</a>, which provides that "The Congress shall have Power . . . to make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">land and naval forces</a>" of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_War" title="Articles of War">Articles of War</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Articles_for_the_Government_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Articles for the Government of the United States Navy">Articles for the Government of the United States Navy</a></div> <p>On June 30, 1775, the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> established 69 <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_War" title="Articles of War">Articles of War</a> to govern the conduct of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Effective upon its ratification in 1788, Article I, Section 8 of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a> provided that <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> has the power to regulate the land and naval forces.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cox1987_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cox1987-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 10 April 1806, the United States Congress enacted 101 Articles of War, which were not significantly revised until over a century later.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECox19873_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECox19873-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Discipline in the sea services was provided under the <a href="/wiki/Articles_for_the_Government_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Articles for the Government of the United States Navy">Articles for the Government of the United States Navy</a>, commonly referred to as <i>Rocks and Shoals</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECox198710_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECox198710-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Articles of War evolved during the first half of the twentieth century and were amended in 1916 and 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECox198710_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECox198710-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1948, Congress substantially reformed the Articles pursuant to the <a href="/wiki/Selective_Service_Act_of_1948" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective Service Act of 1948">Selective Service Act of 1948</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Cooke_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooke-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but its naval counterpart remained little changed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECox198712_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECox198712-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The military justice system continued to operate under the Articles of War and Articles for the Government of the Navy until May 31, 1951, when the Uniform Code of Military Justice came into effect.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECooke20002_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECooke20002-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The UCMJ was passed by Congress on 5 May 1950, and signed into law by President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECox198714_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECox198714-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It took effect on May 31, 1951. The word <i>uniform</i> in the Code's title refers to its consistent application to all the armed services in place of the earlier Articles of War, Articles of Government, and Disciplinary Laws of the individual services.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apart from consolidation of the existing military law, the UCMJ introduced <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Armed_Forces" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces">United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECox198714_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECox198714-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The UCMJ, the Rules for Courts-Martial (RCM) (analogous to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Rules_of_Criminal_Procedure" title="Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure">Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure</a>), and the Military Rules of Evidence (analogous to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Rules_of_Evidence" title="Federal Rules of Evidence">Federal Rules of Evidence</a>) have evolved since their implementation. They have often paralleled the development of the federal civilian criminal justice system. In some ways, the UCMJ has been ahead of changes in the civilian criminal justice system. For example, a rights-warning statement similar to the <a href="/wiki/Miranda_warning" title="Miranda warning"><i>Miranda</i> warnings</a> (and required in more contexts than in the civilian world where it is applicable only to custodial interrogation) was required by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/831">Article 31</a> a decade and a half before the U.S. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">Supreme Court</a> ruled in <i><a href="/wiki/Miranda_v._Arizona" title="Miranda v. Arizona">Miranda v. Arizona</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Article 38(b) continued the 1948 Articles of War guarantee that qualified defense counsel be provided to all accused without regard to indigence (and at earlier stages than required in civilian jurisdictions),<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas the U.S. Supreme Court only guaranteed the provision of counsel to indigents in <i><a href="/wiki/Gideon_v._Wainwright" title="Gideon v. Wainwright">Gideon v. Wainwright</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The role of what was originally a court-martial's non-voting "law member" developed into the present office of military judge whose capacity is little different from that of an <a href="/wiki/Article_III_judge" class="mw-redirect" title="Article III judge">Article III judge</a> in a <a href="/wiki/U.S._district_court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. district court">U.S. district court</a>. At the same time, the "court-martial" itself, the panel of officers hearing the case and weighing the evidence, has converted from being essentially a board of inquiry/review presiding over the trial, into a jury of military service-members. </p><p>In 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a>'s Judicial Proceedings Panel, <a href="/wiki/Cortney_Lollar" title="Cortney Lollar">Cortney Lollar</a> testified that the UCMJ needed to be updated to improve the sections regarding sexual assault.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current version of the UCMJ is printed in the latest edition of the <i><a href="/wiki/Manual_for_Courts-Martial" title="Manual for Courts-Martial">Manual for Courts-Martial</a></i> (2019), incorporating changes made by the President (executive orders) and <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act" title="National Defense Authorization Act">National Defense Authorization Acts</a> of 2006 and 2007. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jurisdiction">Jurisdiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Jurisdiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Courts-martial">Courts-martial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Courts-martial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Courts-martial_of_the_United_States" title="Courts-martial of the United States">Courts-martial of the United States</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Courts-martial" class="mw-redirect" title="Courts-martial">Courts-martial</a> are conducted under the UCMJ and the <i><a href="/wiki/Manual_for_Courts-Martial" title="Manual for Courts-Martial">Manual for Courts-Martial</a></i> (MCM). If the trial results in a conviction, the case is reviewed by the <a href="/wiki/Convening_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Convening authority">convening authority</a> – the commanding officer who referred the case for trial by court-martial.<sup id="cite_ref-CAAF_Apell_Rev_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CAAF_Apell_Rev-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The power of the convening authority was reduced in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If the sentence, as approved by the convening authority, includes death, a <a href="/wiki/Bad_conduct_discharge" class="mw-redirect" title="Bad conduct discharge">bad conduct discharge</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Dishonorable_discharge" class="mw-redirect" title="Dishonorable discharge">dishonorable discharge</a>, dismissal of an officer, or confinement for one year or more, the case is reviewed by an intermediate court.<sup id="cite_ref-CAAF_Apell_Rev_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CAAF_Apell_Rev-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are four such courts – the <a href="/wiki/Army_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Court of Criminal Appeals">Army Court of Criminal Appeals</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Navy-Marine_Corps_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Navy-Marine Corps Court of Criminal Appeals">Navy-Marine Corps Court of Criminal Appeals</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Air Force Court of Criminal Appeals">Air Force Court of Criminal Appeals</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Coast Guard Court of Criminal Appeals">Coast Guard Court of Criminal Appeals</a>. </p><p>After review by any of these intermediate courts, the next level of appeal is the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Armed_Forces" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces">United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces</a> (CAAF).<sup id="cite_ref-CAAF_Apell_Rev_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CAAF_Apell_Rev-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> has discretion under <a href="/wiki/Title_28_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 28 of the United States Code">28 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/1259">§ 1259</a> to review cases under the UCMJ on direct appeal where the CAAF has conducted a mandatory review (death penalty and certified cases), granted discretionary review of a petition, or otherwise granted relief.<sup id="cite_ref-CRS6OCT08_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRS6OCT08-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the CAAF denies a <a href="/wiki/Petition_for_review" title="Petition for review">petition for review</a> or a writ appeal, consideration by the Supreme Court may be obtained only through collateral review (e.g., a writ of habeas corpus).<sup id="cite_ref-CAAFAR_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CAAFAR-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2007, several bills have been introduced into Congress to expand the accessibility of service members to the Supreme Court. See also <a href="/wiki/Equal_Justice_for_United_States_Military_Personnel_legislation" title="Equal Justice for United States Military Personnel legislation">Equal Justice for United States Military Personnel legislation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_jurisdiction">Personal jurisdiction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal jurisdiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within the exceptions below, as codified in Article 2 of the UCMJ, <a href="/wiki/Personal_jurisdiction" title="Personal jurisdiction">personal jurisdiction</a> attaches, regardless of the physical global location of the service member, over all members of the <a href="/wiki/Uniformed_Services_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniformed Services of the United States">Uniformed Services of the United States</a>: the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">Space Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration_Commissioned_Officer_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps">NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service_Commissioned_Corps" title="United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps">Public Health Service Commissioned Corps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UCMJ_802_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCMJ_802-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the Coast Guard is administered under Title 14 of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a> when not operating as part of the U.S. Navy, individuals commissioned or enlisted in the Coast Guard are subject to the UCMJ as an armed force.<sup id="cite_ref-UCMJ_802_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCMJ_802-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commissioned members of the <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service" title="United States Public Health Service">PHS</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Uniformed_services_of_the_United_States" title="Uniformed services of the United States">uniformed services</a>, are only subject to the UCMJ when attached or detailed to a military unit by competent orders, or when militarized by Presidential <a href="/wiki/Executive_order_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive order (United States)">executive order</a> during a <a href="/wiki/National_emergency" class="mw-redirect" title="National emergency">national emergency</a> or <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_war" title="Declaration of war">declaration of war</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UCMJ_802_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCMJ_802-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Members of the military Reserve Components under <a href="/wiki/Title_10_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 10 of the United States Code">Title 10 of the United States Code</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserve" title="United States Army Reserve">Army Reserve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marine_Forces_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Forces Reserve">Marine Forces Reserve</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Reserve" title="United States Navy Reserve">Navy Reserve</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Command" title="Air Force Reserve Command">Air Force Reserve</a>), or <a href="/wiki/Title_14_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 14 of the United States Code">Title 14 of the United States Code</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Coast Guard Reserve">Coast Guard Reserve</a> when not operating as part of the U.S. Navy, are subject to the UCMJ when they are: </p> <ol><li>Full-Time Support (FTS) personnel on active duty orders serving pursuant to the authority of 10 USC 10211 or 10 USC 12310, including: <ol><li>Army/Air Force "Active Guard and Reserve (AGR),"</li> <li>Navy "Full-time Support (FTS),"</li> <li>Marine Corps "Active Reserve (AR)," or</li> <li>Coast Guard "Reserve Program Administrators (RPA)."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol></li> <li>"Traditional" reservists performing either: <ol><li>Full-time active duty service under orders for a specific period, i.e., Annual Training, Active Duty for Training, Active Duty for Operational Support, Active Duty Special Work, Mobilization or Recall to Active Duty, Canvasser Recruiter, etc., or</li> <li>Performing part-time Inactive Duty, i.e., Inactive Duty Training, Inactive Duty Travel and Training, Unit Training Assembly, Additional Training Periods, Additional Flying Training Periods, Reserve Management Periods, etc., all of which are colloquially known as "drills."</li> <li>Retired Reservists who are either recalled to active duty pursuant to secretarial authority, or who are receiving medical treatment in an armed forces hospital (see below).</li></ol></li></ol> <p><a href="/wiki/Army_National_Guard" title="Army National Guard">Soldiers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_National_Guard" title="Air National Guard">airmen</a> in the <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="National Guard of the United States">National Guard of the United States</a> are subject to the UCMJ only if activated (mobilized or recalled to active duty) in a federal capacity under Title 10 by an <a href="/wiki/Executive_order_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive order (United States)">executive order</a> issued by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a>, or during their annual training periods, which are orders issued under Title 10, during which periods of duty they are federalized into the National Guard of the United States. Otherwise, members of the National Guard are usually exempt from the UCMJ. However, under <a href="/wiki/Title_32_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 32 of the United States Code">Title 32</a> orders, or State Active Duty orders issued directly under State authority, individual members of the Army National Guard and Air National Guard are still subject to their respective state codes of military justice, which often resemble the UCMJ very closely, and/or their state civil and criminal laws. </p><p>Several States also authorize either naval or military organized militia forces. These are collectively known as the <a href="/wiki/State_defense_force" title="State defense force">State Guard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> State Guard organizations are organized, trained, equipped, armed, disciplined, and administered under each State's own sovereign authority, and are not subject to a Federal recall to active duty, nor are the individual members subject to the UCMJ in their capacities as members of the State Guard. State Guard organizations typically are organized similarly to a military force, and usually report to the senior National Guard officer in each State, known as the Adjutant General. </p><p>In this sense, the State Guard are auxiliaries to each State's Constitutionally authorized organized militia forces, the Army and Air National Guard. The State Guard is often specialized, based on each state's requirements, for missions such as wilderness search and rescue, light aviation, forest firefighting, law enforcement, or general emergency management roles. Under each state's own authorities, State Guard members may be ordered to State Active Duty (SAD), in a status similar to National Guard members in a Title 32 status but solely under state authority and discipline, and also may be provided with the training, equipment, and authority to act as law enforcement officers with powers of arrest. </p><p>Each state sets the requirements to join, remain, be promoted or rewarded, and conditions of employment such as a minimum amount of duty performed in a year, and whether any duty is paid or unpaid, and whether the individuals are covered by various civil service or retirement pension plans. Most State Guard duty is performed without pay, in a volunteer status. While the State Guard organizations are subject to recall to SAD, or other workforce requirements as imposed by their state, they are not subject to either partial or full mobilization authorities under Title 10. </p><p>However, the individual State Guard members often have dual-status as both State Guard <i>and</i> a federally recognized uniformed services member, such as a <a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Guard" title="Texas State Guard">Texas State Guard</a> officer who is also a retired U.S. military officer. Such an individual could be recalled to active duty under both SAD as a State Guard member, or under one of the various authorities to recall retired or reserve military members to active duty (10 USC 688, various 10 USC 123XX authorities, and others), but not both because a federal status trumps a state status. State Guard members could thus be subject to the UCMJ at all times under their federal status, and under specific state military and civil/criminal codes under their state status. </p><p>Cadets and midshipmen at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">United States Naval Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy" title="United States Air Force Academy">United States Air Force Academy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Academy" title="United States Coast Guard Academy">United States Coast Guard Academy</a>, are subject to the UCMJ at all times because they are in an active duty status as members of the regular component while serving at a Military Service Academy, per Article 2(a)(2) of UCMJ.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Army and Air Force <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps" title="Reserve Officers' Training Corps">Reserve Officers' Training Corps</a> (ROTC) cadets are not subject to the UCMJ, except while on inactive or active duty training.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Midshipmen of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine_Academy" title="United States Merchant Marine Academy">United States Merchant Marine Academy</a> and Navy ROTC (including marine-option) midshipmen are also subject to the UCMJ when on inactive or active duty for training orders.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Members of military <a href="/wiki/Auxiliaries" title="Auxiliaries">auxiliaries</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Air_Patrol" title="Civil Air Patrol">Civil Air Patrol</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Auxiliary" title="United States Coast Guard Auxiliary">Coast Guard Auxiliary</a> are not subject to the UCMJ, even when participating in missions assigned by the military or other branches of government. However, members of the Coast Guard Auxiliary can be called by the Commandant of the Coast Guard into the Temporary Reserve of the Coast Guard, in which case they become subject to the UCMJ. </p><p>Additionally, the following categories of service members are subject to the UCMJ as indicated:<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Retired members of the regular component who are entitled to retirement pay, per Article 2(a)(4) of UCMJ, regardless of the authority under which retired from active service and transferred to the retired list of their respective service's regular component,</li> <li>Retired members of the reserve component, whether entitled to retired pay or awaiting retired pay at age 60 as a gray area reserve retiree, who are receiving hospital care from an armed force, per Article 2(a)(5) of UCMJ,</li> <li>Members of the Fleet Reserve/Fleet Marine Corps Reserve (FR/FMCR), as enlisted retired Navy or Marine Corps personnel who have not yet served a total of 30 years of combined active, fleet reserve, and retired service, per Article 2(a)(6) of UCMJ. Both regular component and reserve component enlisted retirees are transferred to the FR/FMCR upon retirement if they have less than 30 total years, but more than 20 cumulative years of active service, and remain subject to the UCMJ in that status until they complete 30 total years of active and fleet reserve service, and are transferred to their respective original Service Retired List (regular component or retired reserve). The FR/FMCR is not applicable to any officers, any service member retired for disability and transferred to the Temporary or Permanent Disability Retired Lists, nor any enlisted retirees except those of the Navy and Marine Corps as noted above.</li> <li>Persons in custody of the U.S. Armed Forces serving a sentence imposed by a court-martial, per Article 2(a)(7) of UCMJ,</li> <li>Members of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Public Health Service, and other organizations, when assigned to and serving with the armed forces, per Article 2(a)(8) of UCMJ,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">Prisoners of War (POW)/Enemy Prisoners of War (EPW)</a> in the custody of the U.S. Armed Forces, per Article 2(a)(9) of UCMJ,</li> <li>In time of declared war or a contingency operation, persons serving with or accompanying a U.S. armed force in the field, per Article 2(a)(10), and</li> <li>Detained <a href="/wiki/Combat_medic" title="Combat medic">medical personnel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Military_chaplain" title="Military chaplain">military chaplains</a> in the custody of the U.S. Armed Forces.</li></ol> <p>Civilians are not subject to UCMJ. However, the federal government has exclusive jurisdiction over crimes committed on a military installation.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A military investigation may be conducted to determine whether or not to prosecute a civilian who commits a crime on a military base. Civilians are not otherwise subject to military law, even when the crime is committed against a service member. When a civilian bus driver <a href="/wiki/Henry_Williams_(soldier)" title="Henry Williams (soldier)">murdered an Army private</a> off post in 1942, for example, the post commander was unable to investigate.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Military_contractors">Military contractors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Military contractors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, the UCMJ applied to "persons serving with or accompanying an armed force in the field" and thus included <a href="/wiki/Military_contractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Military contractor">military contractors</a> "in time of war."<sup id="cite_ref-Hammond_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hammond-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/John_Warner_National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2007" class="mw-redirect" title="John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007">John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007</a>, which was enacted in 2006, Congress expanded the UCMJ's applicability to cover contractors during a "declared war or contingency operation."<sup id="cite_ref-Hammond_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hammond-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The change came following the <a href="/wiki/Nisour_Square_massacre" title="Nisour Square massacre">Nisour Square massacre</a> perpetrated by Blackwater Security personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-2008Stars_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2008Stars-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, the first contractor was prosecuted under the new provision, marking the first time since 1968 that a contractor had been charged under military law.<sup id="cite_ref-2008Stars_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2008Stars-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ServesTour_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ServesTour-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The civilian defendant, a dual Canadian-Iraqi citizen, was charged with stabbing a co-worker, another Iraqi civilian.<sup id="cite_ref-2008Stars_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2008Stars-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ServesTour_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ServesTour-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The contractor ultimately pleaded guilty.<sup id="cite_ref-ServesTour_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ServesTour-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-judicial_punishment">Non-judicial punishment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Non-judicial punishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nonjudicial_punishment" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonjudicial punishment">Nonjudicial punishment</a></div> <p>Under Article 15 of the Code (Subchapter III), specified military commanders have the authority to exercise <a href="/wiki/Nonjudicial_punishment" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonjudicial punishment">non-judicial punishment</a> (NJP) over their subordinates for minor breaches of discipline.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These punishments are carried out after a hearing before the commander but without a judge and jury. Punishments are limited to a reduction in rank for enlisted members, loss of pay, restriction of privileges, extra-duty, reprimands, and, aboard ships, confinement. Guidelines for the imposition of NJP are contained in Part V of the <i><a href="/wiki/Manual_for_Courts-Martial" title="Manual for Courts-Martial">Manual for Courts-Martial</a></i> and the various service regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-MCM_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCM-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Complaints_of_wrongs_and_loss_of_property">Complaints of wrongs and loss of property</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Complaints of wrongs and loss of property"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The UCMJ provides that any service member may bring a "complaint of wrongs" against their commanding officer to the next senior officer exercising general court-martial authority over their commander.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That officer will investigate the complaint of wrongs, and then report the findings of the investigation to the service Secretary (i.e., Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Army" title="United States Secretary of the Army">Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Secretary of the Air Force">Air Force</a>) concerned.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following said findings an investigation board can be convened to investigate and adjudicate claims of willful damage, destruction, or theft of personal property, only if both parties are subject to the Code.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_subchapters">Current subchapters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Current subchapters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The UCMJ is found in Title 10, Subtitle A, Part II, Chapter 47 of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Subchapter</th> <th>Title</th> <th>Section</th> <th>Articles </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">I </td> <td>General Provisions </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/801">§ 801</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1–6 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">II </td> <td>Apprehension and Restraint </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/807">§ 807</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7–14 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">III </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nonjudicial_punishment" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonjudicial punishment">Non-Judicial Punishment</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/815">§ 815</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">IV </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Court-martial" title="Court-martial">Court-Martial</a> <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">Jurisdiction</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/816">§ 816</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16–21 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">V </td> <td>Composition of Courts-Martial </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/822">§ 822</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22–29 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">VI </td> <td>Pre-Trial Procedure </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/830">§ 830</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">30–35 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">VII </td> <td>Trial Procedure </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/836">§ 836</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">36–54 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">VIII </td> <td>Sentences </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/855">§ 855</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">55–58 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">IX </td> <td>Post-Trial Procedure and Review of Courts-Martial </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/859">§ 859</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">59–76 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">X </td> <td>Punitive Articles </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/877">§ 877</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">77–134 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">XI </td> <td>Miscellaneous Provisions </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/935">§ 935</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">135–140 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">XII </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Armed_Forces" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces">Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/941">§ 941</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">141–146 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_provisions">General provisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: General provisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Subchapter I, "General Provisions" has six sections (articles): </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Section</th> <th>Article</th> <th>Title </th></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/801">§ 801</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1 </td> <td>Definitions </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/802">§ 802</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2 </td> <td>Persons subject to this chapter </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/803">§ 803</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td> <td>Jurisdiction to try certain personnel </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/804">§ 804</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td> <td>Dismissed officer's right to trial by court-martial </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/805">§ 805</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 </td> <td>Territorial applicability of this chapter </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/806">§ 806</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6 </td> <td>Judge advocates and legal officers </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/806a">§ 806a</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6a </td> <td>Investigation and disposition of matters pertaining to the fitness of military judges </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Article 1 (Definitions), defines the following terms used in the rest of the UCMJ: <a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Corps" title="Judge Advocate General's Corps">Judge Advocate General</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duty_officer" title="Duty officer">officer in charge</a>, superior <a href="/wiki/Commissioned_officer#Commissioned_officers" class="mw-redirect" title="Commissioned officer">commissioned officer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cadet#United_States" title="Cadet">cadet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midshipman#United_States_Naval_and_Merchant_Marine_Academies" title="Midshipman">midshipman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of the United States">military</a>, accuser, military judge, law specialist, legal officer, judge advocate, record, <a href="/wiki/Classified_information_in_the_United_States" title="Classified information in the United States">classified information</a>, and <a href="/wiki/National_security" title="National security">national security</a>. This article also provides that, "The Navy, the Marine Corps, and the Coast Guard when it is operating as a service in the Navy, shall be considered as one armed force" for the purposes of the UCMJ.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-trial_procedure">Pre-trial procedure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pre-trial procedure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Section</th> <th>Article</th> <th>Title </th></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/830">§ 830</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">30 </td> <td>Charges and specifications </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/831">§ 831</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">31 </td> <td>Compulsory self-incrimination prohibited </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/832">§ 832</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">32 </td> <td>Investigation </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/833">§ 833</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">33 </td> <td>Forwarding of charges </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/834">§ 834</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">34 </td> <td>Advice of staff judge advocate and reference for trial </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/835">§ 835</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">35 </td> <td>Service of charges </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Under Article 31, coercive <a href="/wiki/Self-incrimination" title="Self-incrimination">self-incrimination</a> is prohibited as a right under the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fifth Amendment</a>. Apprehending officers utilize the Article 31 warning and waiver to prevent this self-incrimination, much like the <a href="/wiki/Miranda_warning" title="Miranda warning"><i>Miranda</i> warning</a>. Article 31 was already well-established before <i>Miranda</i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Article_32_hearing" title="Article 32 hearing">Article 32</a> refers to the pre-trial investigation and hearing conducted before charges are referred to trial for court-martial. It may be conducted by a <a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Corps" title="Judge Advocate General's Corps">Judge Advocate General</a> (JAG) officer or non-JAG officer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Punitive_articles">Punitive articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Punitive articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Subchapter X, "Punitive Articles", is the subchapter that details offenses under the uniform code. The 2019 MCM incorporates both major and minor changes to certain articles, and relocates many articles; careful examination of the source document is required to ensure full understanding, and previous "cheat sheets" and training materials may therefore be outdated. Those articles with a title annotated by "*" were changed from the 2016 MCM: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Section</th> <th>Article</th> <th>Title </th></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/877">§ 877</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">77 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Principal_(criminal_law)" title="Principal (criminal law)">Principals</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/878">§ 878</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">78 </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Accessory_(legal_term)" title="Accessory (legal term)">Accessory after the fact</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/879">§ 879</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">79 </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Conviction" title="Conviction">Conviction</a> of offense charged, <a href="/wiki/Lesser_included_offense" title="Lesser included offense">lesser included offense</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Attempt_(crime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Attempt (crime)">attempts</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/880">§ 880</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">80 </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Attempt" title="Attempt">Attempts</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/881">§ 881</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">81 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_(crime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy (crime)">Conspiracy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/882">§ 882</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">82 </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Solicitation" title="Solicitation">Soliciting</a> commission of offenses </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/883">§ 883</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">83 </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Malingering" title="Malingering">Malingering</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/884">§ 884</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">84 </td> <td>*Breach of medical quarantine </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/885">§ 885</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">85 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Desertion" title="Desertion">Desertion</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/886">§ 886</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">86 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Desertion" title="Desertion">Absence without leave</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/887">§ 887</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">87 </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Desertion" title="Desertion">Missing movement</a>; jumping from vessel </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/887a">§ 887a</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">87a </td> <td>*Resistance, flight, breach of arrest, and escape </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/887b">§ 887b</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">87b </td> <td>*Offenses against correctional custody and restriction </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/888">§ 888</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">88 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Contempt_toward_officials" title="Contempt toward officials">Contempt toward officials</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/889">§ 889</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">89 </td> <td>*Disrespect toward superior commissioned officer; assault of superior commissioned officer </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/890">§ 890</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">90 </td> <td>*Willfully disobeying superior commissioned officer </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/891">§ 891</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">91 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Insubordination" title="Insubordination">Insubordinate conduct</a> toward warrant officer, noncommissioned officer, or petty officer </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/892">§ 892</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">92 </td> <td>Failure to obey order or regulation </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/893">§ 893</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">93 </td> <td>*Cruelty and maltreatment </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/893a">§ 893a</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">93a </td> <td>*Prohibited activities with military recruit or trainee by person in position of special trust </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/894">§ 894</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">94 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mutiny" title="Mutiny">Mutiny</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sedition" title="Sedition">sedition</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/895">§ 895</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">95 </td> <td>*Offenses by sentinel or lookout </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/895a">§ 895a</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">95a </td> <td>*Disrespect toward sentinel or lookout </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/896">§ 896</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">96 </td> <td>*Release of prisoner without proper authority; drinking with prisoner </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/897">§ 897</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">97 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/False_imprisonment" title="False imprisonment">Unlawful detention</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/898">§ 898</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">98 </td> <td>*Misconduct as prisoner </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/899">§ 899</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">99 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cowardice" title="Cowardice">Misbehavior before the enemy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/900">§ 900</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">100 </td> <td>Subordinate compelling surrender </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/901">§ 901</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">101 </td> <td>Improper use of <a href="/wiki/Countersign_(military)" title="Countersign (military)">countersign</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/902">§ 902</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">102 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Forcing_a_safeguard" title="Forcing a safeguard">Forcing a safeguard</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/903">§ 903</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">103 </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">Spies</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/903a">§ 903a</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">103a </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">Espionage</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/903b">§ 903b</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">103b </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">Aiding the enemy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/904">§ 904</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">104 </td> <td>*Public records offenses </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/904a">§ 904a</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">104a </td> <td>*Fraudulent enlistment, appointment, or separation </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/904b">§ 904b</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">104b </td> <td>*Unlawful enlistment, appointment, or separation </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/905">§ 905</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">105 </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Forgery" title="Forgery">Forgery</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/905a">§ 905a</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">105a </td> <td>*False or unauthorized pass offenses </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/906">§ 906</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">106 </td> <td>*Impersonation of officer, noncommissioned or petty officer, or agent or official </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/906a">§ 906a</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">106a </td> <td>*Wearing unauthorized insignia, decoration, badge, ribbon, device, or lapel button </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/907">§ 907</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">107 </td> <td>*False official statements; false swearing </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/907a">§ 907a</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">107a </td> <td>*Parole violation </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/908">§ 908</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">108 </td> <td>*Military property of the United States—Loss, damage, destruction, or wrongful disposition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/908a">§ 908a</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">108a </td> <td>*Captured or abandoned property </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/909">§ 909</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">109 </td> <td>*Property other than military property of United States–Waste, spoilage, or destruction </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/909a">§ 909a</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">109a </td> <td>*Mail matter: wrongful taking, opening, etc </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/910">§ 910</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">110 </td> <td>*Improper hazarding of vessel or aircraft </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/911">§ 911</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">111 </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Hit_and_run" title="Hit and run">Leaving scene of vehicle accident</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/912">§ 912</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">112 </td> <td>*Drunkenness and other incapacitation offenses </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/912a">§ 912a</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">112a </td> <td>Wrongful use, possession, etc., of controlled substances </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/913">§ 913</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">113 </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Driving_under_the_influence" title="Driving under the influence">Drunken or reckless operation of a vehicle, aircraft, or vessel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/914">§ 914</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">114 </td> <td>*Endangerment offenses </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/915">§ 915</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">115 </td> <td>*Communicating threats </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/916">§ 916</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">116 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riot" title="Riot">Riot</a> or <a href="/wiki/Breach_of_the_peace" title="Breach of the peace">breach of peace</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/917">§ 917</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">117 </td> <td>Provoking speeches or gestures </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/918">§ 918</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">118 </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">Murder</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/919">§ 919</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">119 </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Manslaughter" title="Manslaughter">Manslaughter</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/919a">§ 919a</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">119a </td> <td>*Death or injury of an unborn child </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/919b">§ 919b</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">119b </td> <td>*Child endangerment </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/920">§ 920</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">120 </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">Rape</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_assault" title="Sexual assault">sexual assault</a> generally </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/920a">§ 920a</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">120a </td> <td>*Mails: deposit of obscene matter </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/920b">§ 920b</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">120b </td> <td>*Rape and sexual assault of a child </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/920c">§ 920c</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">120c </td> <td>*Other sexual misconduct </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/921">§ 921</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">121 </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Larceny" title="Larceny">Larceny</a> and wrongful appropriation </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/921a">§ 921a</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">121a </td> <td>*Fraudulent use of credit cards, debit cards, and other access devices </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/921b">§ 921b</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">121b </td> <td>*False pretenses to obtain services </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/922">§ 922</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">122 </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Robbery" title="Robbery">Robbery</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/922a">§ 922a</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">122a </td> <td>*Receiving stolen property </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/923">§ 923</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">123 </td> <td>*Offenses concerning Government computers </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/923a">§ 923a</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">123a </td> <td>*Making, drawing, or <a href="/wiki/Uttering" title="Uttering">uttering</a> <a href="/wiki/Cheque" title="Cheque">check</a>, draft, or order <a href="/wiki/Non-sufficient_funds" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-sufficient funds">without sufficient funds</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/924">§ 924</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">124 </td> <td>*Frauds against the United States </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/924a">§ 924a</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">124a </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Bribery" title="Bribery">Bribery</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/924b">§ 924b</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">124b </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Graft_(politics)" title="Graft (politics)">Graft</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/925">§ 925</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">125 </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Kidnapping" title="Kidnapping">Kidnapping</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/926">§ 926</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">126 </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Arson" title="Arson">Arson</a>; burning property with intent to defraud </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/927">§ 927</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">127 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Extortion" title="Extortion">Extortion</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/928">§ 928</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">128 </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Assault" title="Assault">Assault</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/928a">§ 928a</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">128a </td> <td>*Maiming </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/929">§ 929</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">129 </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Burglary" title="Burglary">Burglary</a>; unlawful entry </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/930">§ 930</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">130 </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Stalking" title="Stalking">Stalking</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/931">§ 931</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">131 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Perjury" title="Perjury">Perjury</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/931a">§ 931a</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">131a </td> <td>*Subornation of perjury </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/931b">§ 931b</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">131b </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Obstruction_of_justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Obstruction of justice">Obstructing justice</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/931c">§ 931c</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">131c </td> <td>*Misprision of serious offense </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/931d">§ 931d</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">131d </td> <td>*Wrongful refusal to testify </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/931e">§ 931e</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">131e </td> <td>*Prevention of authorized seizure of property </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/931e">§ 931e</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">131f </td> <td>*Noncompliance with procedural rules </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/931e">§ 931e</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">131g </td> <td>*Wrongful interference with adverse administrative proceeding </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/932">§ 932</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">132 </td> <td>*Retaliation </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/933">§ 933</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">133 </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/Conduct_unbecoming_an_officer_and_a_gentleman" class="mw-redirect" title="Conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman">Conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/934">§ 934</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">134 </td> <td>*<a href="/wiki/General_article" title="General article">General article</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="General_article_(Article_134)"><span id="General_article_.28Article_134.29"></span>General article (Article 134)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: General article (Article 134)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/General_article" title="General article">general article</a> (Article 134) authorizes the prosecution of offenses not specifically detailed by any other article: "...all disorders and neglects to the prejudice of good order and discipline in the armed forces, all conduct of a nature to bring discredit upon the armed forces, and crimes and offenses not capital, of which persons subject to this chapter may be guilty."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clause 1 of the article involves disorders and neglect, "...to the prejudice of good order and discipline in the armed forces." Clause 2 involves, "...conduct of a nature to bring discredit upon the armed forces." Clause 3 deals with non-capital offenses violating other <a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">federal law</a>; under this clause, any such offense created by <a href="/wiki/Federal_statute" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal statute">federal statute</a> may be prosecuted under Article 134. <i>United States v. Perkins</i>, 47 C.M.R. 259 (Air Force Ct. of Military Review 1973).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most recent version of the <i><a href="/wiki/Manual_for_Courts-Martial" title="Manual for Courts-Martial">Manual for Courts-Martial</a></i> lists the following offenses commonly prosecuted under Article 134:<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Animal abuse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigamy" title="Bigamy">Bigamy</a></li> <li>Check, worthless making and uttering – by dishonorably failing to maintain funds</li> <li>Child pornography</li> <li>Dishonorably failing to pay debt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disloyal_statements" title="Disloyal statements">Disloyal statement</a></li> <li>Disorderly conduct, drunkenness</li> <li>Extramarital sexual conduct</li> <li>Discharging firearm through negligence</li> <li>Fraternization</li> <li>Gambling with subordinate</li> <li>Negligent homicide</li> <li>Indecent conduct</li> <li>Indecent language</li> <li>Pandering and prostitution</li> <li>Self-injury without intent to avoid service</li> <li>Sexual act with an animal</li> <li>Straggling</li> <li>Visual depiction, nonconsensual distribution or broadcast</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Corps" title="Judge Advocate General's Corps">Judge Advocate General's Corps</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manual_for_Courts-Martial" title="Manual for Courts-Martial">Manual for Courts-Martial</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Military law">Military law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_tribunal" class="mw-redirect" title="Military tribunal">Military tribunal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_courtesy" title="Military courtesy">Military courtesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_expression" title="Military expression">Military expression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Laws of war">Laws of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieber_Code" title="Lieber Code">Lieber Code</a>, Union army during the Civil War</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Service_Discipline" title="Code of Service Discipline">Code of Service Discipline</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canadian</a> equivalent to the UCMJ</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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Duties of trial counsel and defense counsel</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivesEhlenbeck2002" class="citation journal cs1">Rives, Jack L.; Ehlenbeck, Steven J. 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Post-trial processing in general and special courts-martial</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=(title:10%20section:860%20edition:prelim)">"§860. Art. 60. Post-trial processing in general and special courts-martial"</a>. Office of the Law Revision Counsel<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aviso+Law+Blog&rft.atitle=Charged+with+a+Crime+on+a+Military+Base%3F+Find+Out+Why+Where+it+Happened+Matters&rft.date=2018-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Favisolawllc.com%2Fcharged-with-a-crime-on-a-military-base%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniform+Code+of+Military+Justice" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.library.northeastern.edu/downloads/neu:m0428491z?datastream_id=content">"Henry Williams"</a>. <i>Civil Rights & Restorative Justice</i>. <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University" title="Northeastern University">Northeastern University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Civil+Rights+%26+Restorative+Justice&rft.atitle=Henry+Williams&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.library.northeastern.edu%2Fdownloads%2Fneu%3Am0428491z%3Fdatastream_id%3Dcontent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniform+Code+of+Military+Justice" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hammond-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hammond_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hammond_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">David C. Hammond, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crowell.com/documents/The-First-Prosecution-of-a-Contractor-Under-the-UCMJ.pdf">The First Prosecution of a Contractor Under the UCMJ: Lessons for Service Contractors</a>, <i>Service Contractor</i> (Fall 2008), pp. 33-34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2008Stars-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2008Stars_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2008Stars_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2008Stars_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stripes.com/news/hearing-begins-in-contractor-stabbing-case-1.77749">"Hearing begins in contractor stabbing case"</a>. <i>Stars & Stripes</i>. April 17, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stars+%26+Stripes&rft.atitle=Hearing+begins+in+contractor+stabbing+case&rft.date=2008-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stripes.com%2Fnews%2Fhearing-begins-in-contractor-stabbing-case-1.77749&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniform+Code+of+Military+Justice" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ServesTour-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ServesTour_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ServesTour_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ServesTour_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff_Report2009" class="citation web cs1">Staff Report (December 1, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.salisburypost.com/2009/12/01/former-n-c-senator-serves-tour-in-iraq/">"Former N.C. senator serves tour in Iraq"</a>. <i>NC Lawyer</i> – via Salisbury Post.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NC+Lawyer&rft.atitle=Former+N.C.+senator+serves+tour+in+Iraq&rft.date=2009-12-01&rft.au=Staff+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salisburypost.com%2F2009%2F12%2F01%2Fformer-n-c-senator-serves-tour-in-iraq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniform+Code+of+Military+Justice" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/815">Art 15. Commanding officer’s non-judicial punishment</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MCM-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MCM_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Part V: Non Judicial Punishment Procedure". <i>Manual for Courts Martial</i> (2019 ed.). <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a>; <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.law/llmlp.MCM-2019">https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.law/llmlp.MCM-2019</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+V%3A+Non+Judicial+Punishment+Procedure&rft.btitle=Manual+for+Courts+Martial&rft.place=United+States&rft.edition=2019&rft.pub=Department+of+Defense%3B+Library+of+Congress&rft.date=2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniform+Code+of+Military+Justice" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/938">Art 138. Complaints of wrongs</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrick1979" class="citation journal cs1">Brick, Samuel T. (1979). "Procedures for Article 138, UCMJ, Complaints". <i>The Army Lawyer</i> (4). <a href="/wiki/The_Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Legal_Center_and_School" title="The Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School">The Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School</a>: 3 – via <a href="/wiki/HeinOnline" title="HeinOnline">HeinOnline</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Army+Lawyer&rft.atitle=Procedures+for+Article+138%2C+UCMJ%2C+Complaints&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Brick&rft.aufirst=Samuel+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniform+Code+of+Military+Justice" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/939">Art 139. Redress of injuries to property</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Title_10_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 10 of the United States Code">10 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/801">§ 801</a> Art. 1: Definitions.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James R. Silkenat and Mark R. Shulman. <i>The Imperial Presidency and the Consequences of 9/11: Lawyers React to the Global War on Terrorism</i> (2007). Greenwood Publishing Group: p. 193.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James R. Silkenat and Mark R. Shulman. <i>The Imperial Presidency and the Consequences of 9/11: Lawyers React to the Global War on Terrorism</i> (2007). Greenwood Publishing Group: p. 193.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Manual for Courts-Martial</i> (2019 ed.). IV-138 to IV-151, and A17-18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mymilitarylawyers.com/practice-areas/ucmj-articles/ucmj-article-134-animal-abuse/#:~:text=Service%20members%20convicted%20of%20an%20Article%20134%20violation%20for%20sexual,and%20confinement%20for%205%20years.">UCMJ Article 134</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>DA Pam 27-9 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apd.army.mil/pdffiles/p27_9.pdf"><i>Military Judges Benchbook</i></a> (.PDF).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/Military-Law-Review-home.html"><i>Military Law Review</i></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0026-4040">0026-4040</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/423510314">423510314</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uniform_Code_of_Military_Justice&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/10/subtitle-A/part-II/chapter-47">Uniform Code of Military Justice</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jsc.defense.gov/Portals/99/Documents/2019%20MCM%20(Final)%20(20190108).pdf?ver=2019-01-11-115724-610">Manual for Courts-Martial United States (2019 Edition)</a> Caution: <a href="/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a> document.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/pdf/morgan.pdf">The original version of the MCM from the Library of Congress</a> Caution: 5.53 MB PDF document.</li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.2569601"><i>Big Picture: Military Justice</i></a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li> <li>The short film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gov.dod.dimoc.614146"><i>50 Years of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) (July 13, 2001)</i></a> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_8:_Powers_of_Congress" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">United States Constitution, Article I</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Scale_of_justice_2.svg/40px-Scale_of_justice_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Scale_of_justice_2.svg/60px-Scale_of_justice_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Scale_of_justice_2.svg/80px-Scale_of_justice_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="204" data-file-height="208" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Manual_for_Courts-Martial" title="Manual for Courts-Martial">Manual for Courts-Martial</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convening_authority_(court-martial)" title="Convening authority (court-martial)">Convening authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Corps" title="Judge Advocate General's Corps">Judge Advocate General's Corps (JAG)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Army</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Corps" title="United States Army Judge Advocate General's Corps">Judge Advocate General's Corps, Army</a> (<a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Judge Advocate General of the United States Army">Army JAG</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Marine Corps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Judge_Advocate_Division" title="United States Marine Corps Judge Advocate Division">Marine Corps Judge Advocate Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Navy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Corps" title="United States Navy Judge Advocate General's Corps">Judge Advocate General's Corps, Navy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General_of_the_Navy" title="Judge Advocate General of the Navy">Navy JAG</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Air Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Corps" title="United States Air Force Judge Advocate General's Corps">Judge Advocate General's Corps, Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Coast Guard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Legal_Division" title="United States Coast Guard Legal Division">Coast Guard Legal Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Non-judicial punishment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-judicial_punishment" title="Non-judicial punishment">UCMJ Article 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_tribunals_in_the_United_States" title="Military tribunals in the United States">Military tribunals in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Court systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Trial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courts-martial_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Courts-martial in the United States">Courts-martial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_military_commission" title="Guantanamo military commission">Guantanamo military commissions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Appeal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="United States Army Court of Criminal Appeals">Army Court of Criminal Appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Air Force Court of Criminal Appeals">Air Force Court of Criminal Appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_Guard_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Coast Guard Court of Criminal Appeals">Coast Guard Court of Criminal Appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy-Marine_Corps_Court_of_Criminal_Appeals" title="Navy-Marine Corps Court of Criminal Appeals">Navy-Marine Corps Court of Criminal Appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Military_Commission_Review" title="United States Court of Military Commission Review">Court of Military Commission Review</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Discretionary<br />review</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Armed_Forces" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces">Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Armed_Forces20638" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Template:United States Armed Forces"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Template talk:United States Armed Forces"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Armed Forces"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Armed_Forces20638" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Armed Forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <dl><dt>Legend</dt> <dd>A = <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a></dd> <dd>MC = <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></dd> <dd>N = <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a></dd> <dd>AF = <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a></dd> <dd>SF = <a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">Space Force</a></dd> <dd>CG = <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Defense">Deputy Secretary of Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security">Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Vice Chairman</a></li></ul></li> <li>Committees on Armed Services <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States House Committee on Armed Services">House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_duty_United_States_four-star_officers" title="List of active duty United States four-star officers">Active duty four-star officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_duty_United_States_three-star_officers" title="List of active duty United States three-star officers">Active duty three-star officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_seniority" title="United States military seniority">United States military seniority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Act_of_1947" title="National Security Act of 1947">National Security Act of 1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldwater%E2%80%93Nichols_Act" title="Goldwater–Nichols Act">Goldwater–Nichols Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_components_of_the_U.S._Department_of_Defense" title="List of components of the U.S. Department of Defense">Components</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Military departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="United States Department of the Army">Department of the Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Army" title="United States Secretary of the Army">Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">Department of the Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">Department of the Air Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Secretary of the Air Force">Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Service branches<br /> and heads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Army">Chief of Staff of the United States Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Commandant of the United States Marine Corps">Commandant of the Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Naval_Operations" title="Chief of Naval Operations">Chief of Naval Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force">Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Space_Operations" title="Chief of Space Operations">Chief of Space Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_of_the_Coast_Guard" title="Commandant of the Coast Guard">Commandant of the Coast Guard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Reserve_components_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Reserve components of the United States Armed Forces">Reserve components</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Reserves: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserve" title="United States Army Reserve">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Reserve" title="United States Marine Corps Reserve">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Reserve" title="United States Navy Reserve">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Command" title="Air Force Reserve Command">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Reserve" title="United States Coast Guard Reserve">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(United_States)" title="National Guard (United States)">National Guard</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_National_Guard" title="Army National Guard">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_National_Guard" title="Air National Guard">AF</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Auxiliaries" title="Auxiliaries">Civilian auxiliaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_Auxiliary_Radio_System" title="Military Auxiliary Radio System">Military Auxiliary Radio System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Cyber_Auxiliary" title="Marine Corps Cyber Auxiliary">Marine Corps Cyber Auxiliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine" title="United States Merchant Marine">Merchant Marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Air_Patrol" title="Civil Air Patrol">Civil Air Patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Auxiliary" title="United States Coast Guard Auxiliary">Coast Guard Auxiliary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unified_combatant_command" title="Unified combatant command">Unified combatant<br /> command</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Central_Command" title="United States Central Command">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_European_Command" title="United States European Command">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Indo-Pacific_Command" title="United States Indo-Pacific Command">Indo-Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Northern_Command" title="United States Northern Command">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Southern_Command" title="United States Southern Command">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Command" title="United States Space Command">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Cyber_Command" title="United States Cyber Command">Cyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Special_Operations_Command" title="United States Special Operations Command">Special Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Strategic_Command" title="United States Strategic Command">Strategic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Transportation_Command" title="United States Transportation Command">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Title_10_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 10 of the United States Code">Title 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_14_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 14 of the United States Code">Title 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_32_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 32 of the United States Code">Title 32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_50_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 50 of the United States Code">Title 50</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_military_installations" title="List of American military installations">Installations</a></li> <li>Units: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Category:Military units and formations of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Organization of the United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Category:Military units and formations of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_units_and_formations_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Category:Military units and formations of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Units_and_formations_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="Category:Units and formations of the United States Space Force">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Organization of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_logistics_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Military logistics of the United States">Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_of_the_military_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Mass media of the military of the United States">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Armed_Forces_unit_mottoes" title="List of United States Armed Forces unit mottoes">Unit mottoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Operations<br />and <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States" title="Military history of the United States">history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_budget_of_the_United_States" title="Military budget of the United States">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_deployments" title="United States military deployments">Current deployments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_the_United_States" title="List of conflicts in the United States">Conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_United_States" title="List of wars involving the United States">Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_civil_affairs_in_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="History of civil affairs in the United States Armed Forces">Civil affairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Army" title="History of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="History of the United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="History of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="History of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="History of the United States Space Force">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="History of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_military_operations" title="Timeline of United States military operations">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_American_military_history" title="Colonial American military history">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">World War II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans" title="Military history of African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Asian_Americans" title="Military history of Asian Americans">Asian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhists_in_the_United_States_military" title="Buddhists in the United States military">Buddhist Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Jewish_Americans" title="Military history of Jewish Americans">Jewish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslims_in_the_United_States_military" title="Muslims in the United States military">Muslim Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhs_in_the_United_States_military" title="Sikhs in the United States military">Sikh Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Hispanic_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Military history of Hispanic Americans">Hispanic Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Hispanics in the American Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Hispanics in the United States Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Hispanics in the United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Hispanics in the United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_United_States_Navy" title="Hispanics in the United States Navy">Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_in_the_United_States_Naval_Academy" title="Hispanics in the United States Naval Academy">Academy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">History centers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Center_of_Military_History" title="United States Army Center of Military History">Army Center of Military History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_History_Division" title="United States Marine Corps History Division">Marine Corps History Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_History_and_Heritage_Command" title="Naval History and Heritage Command">Naval History and Heritage Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Historical_Research_Agency" title="Air Force Historical Research Agency">Air Force Historical Research Agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/American_official_war_artists" title="American official war artists">War artists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Art_Program" title="United States Army Art Program">Army Art Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Art_Program" title="United States Air Force Art Program">Air Force Art Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_service_academies" title="United States service academies">Service academies</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">A</a><small> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy_Preparatory_School" title="United States Military Academy Preparatory School">prep</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">MC/N</a><small> (<a href="/wiki/Naval_Academy_Preparatory_School" title="Naval Academy Preparatory School">prep</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy" title="United States Air Force Academy">AF/SF</a><small> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy_Preparatory_School" title="United States Air Force Academy Preparatory School">prep</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Academy" title="United States Coast Guard Academy">CG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Merchant_Marine_Academy" title="United States Merchant Marine Academy">Merchant Marine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps" title="Reserve Officers' Training Corps">ROTC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps" title="Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Reserve_Officers_Training_Corps" title="Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps">MC/N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Officer_Training_Corps" title="Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps">AF/SF</a></li></ul></li> <li>Officer candidate/training school: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Officer_Candidate_School_(United_States_Army)" title="Officer Candidate School (United States Army)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officer_Candidates_School_(United_States_Marine_Corps)" title="Officer Candidates School (United States Marine Corps)">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Officer_Candidate_School_(United_States_Navy)" title="Officer Candidate School (United States Navy)">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Officer_Training_School" title="Air Force Officer Training School">AF/SF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer_(United_States)" title="Warrant officer (United States)">Warrant officer</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer_Candidate_School" title="Warrant Officer Candidate School">A</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Entrance_Processing_Command" title="United States Military Entrance Processing Command">MEPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Services_Vocational_Aptitude_Battery" title="Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery">ASVAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Basic_School" title="The Basic School">The Basic School</a> (MC)</li> <li>Enlisted recruit training: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Basic_Training" title="United States Army Basic Training">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_Recruit_Training" title="United States Marine Corps Recruit Training">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recruit_Training_Command,_Great_Lakes,_Illinois" title="Recruit Training Command, Great Lakes, Illinois">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Basic_Military_Training" title="United States Air Force Basic Military Training">AF/SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_Training_Center_Cape_May" title="United States Coast Guard Training Center Cape May">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_education_and_training_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Military education and training in the United States">Other education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Uniforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Uniforms of the United States Armed Forces">Uniforms</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Uniforms of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Uniforms of the United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Uniforms of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Uniforms of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="Uniforms of the United States Space Force">SF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Armed Forces">Awards & decorations</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inter-service_awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_military" title="Inter-service awards and decorations of the United States military">Inter-service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Army" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Navy">MC/N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Air Force">AF/SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authorized_foreign_decorations_of_the_United_States_military" title="Authorized foreign decorations of the United States military">Foreign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_military_decoration_authorized_by_the_United_States_military" title="International military decoration authorized by the United States military">International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_award_devices" title="United States military award devices">Devices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_badges_of_the_United_States" title="Military badges of the United States">Badges</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Identification_badges_of_the_uniformed_services_of_the_United_States" title="Identification badges of the uniformed services of the United States">Identification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Badges of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Badges of the United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Badges of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Badges of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="Badges of the United States Space Force">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Badges of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_comparative_military_ranks" title="List of comparative military ranks">Ranks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Officer: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Army officer rank insignia">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_rank_insignia" title="United States Marine Corps rank insignia">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Navy officer rank insignia">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Air Force officer rank insignia">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force_rank_insignia" title="United States Space Force rank insignia">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Coast Guard officer rank insignia">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer_(United_States)" title="Warrant officer (United States)">Warrant officers</a></li> <li>Enlisted: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_enlisted_rank_insignia" title="United States Army enlisted rank insignia">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps_rank_insignia" title="United States Marine Corps rank insignia">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Navy_enlisted_rates" title="List of United States Navy enlisted rates">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_enlisted_rank_insignia" title="United States Air Force enlisted rank insignia">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force_rank_insignia" title="United States Space Force rank insignia">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Coast_Guard_enlisted_ranks" title="List of United States Coast Guard enlisted ranks">CG</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Oath: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces_oath_of_enlistment" title="United States Armed Forces oath of enlistment">Enlistment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Uniformed_Services_Oath_of_Office" title="United States Uniformed Services Oath of Office">Officer</a></li></ul></li> <li>Creeds & Codes: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_the_United_States_Fighting_Force" title="Code of the United States Fighting Force">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noncommissioned_officer%27s_creed" title="Noncommissioned officer's creed">NCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldier%27s_Creed" title="Soldier's Creed">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifleman%27s_Creed" title="Rifleman's Creed">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailor%27s_Creed" title="Sailor's Creed">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airman%27s_Creed" title="Airman's Creed">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creed_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guardsman" title="Creed of the United States Coast Guardsman">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Armed_Forces)" title="Service number (United States Armed Forces)">Service numbers</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Army)" title="Service number (United States Army)">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Marine_Corps)" title="Service number (United States Marine Corps)">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Navy)" title="Service number (United States Navy)">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Air_Force)" title="Service number (United States Air Force)">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Coast_Guard)" title="Service number (United States Coast Guard)">CG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_occupation_code" title="United States military occupation code">Military Occupational Specialty</a>/<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Navy_ratings" title="List of United States Navy ratings">Rating</a>/<a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Specialty_Code" title="Air Force Specialty Code">Air Force Specialty Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_pay" title="United States military pay">Pay</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Uniform Code of Military Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Corps" title="Judge Advocate General's Corps">Judge Advocate General's Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Health_System" title="Military Health System">Military Health System</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tricare" title="Tricare">Tricare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_(United_States_military)" title="Separation (United States military)">Separation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs">Veterans Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiefs_of_Chaplains_of_the_United_States" title="Chiefs of Chaplains of the United States">Chiefs of Chaplains</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Chaplains_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Chief of Chaplains of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Chaplain of the United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Chaplains_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Chief of Chaplains of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Chaplains_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Chaplain of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="List of equipment of the United States Armed Forces">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Army" title="List of equipment of the United States Army">A</a> (<a href="/wiki/Army_Nomenclature_System" title="Army Nomenclature System">Designations</a>)</li> <li>MC: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vehicles_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="List of vehicles of the United States Marine Corps">vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="List of weapons of the United States Marine Corps">weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Marine_Corps_individual_equipment" title="List of United States Marine Corps individual equipment">other</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="List of equipment of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of equipment of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="List of equipment of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Land</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_weapons_of_the_U.S._Armed_Forces" title="List of individual weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces">Individual weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crew-served_weapons_of_the_U.S._Armed_Forces" title="List of crew-served weapons of the U.S. Armed Forces">Crew-served weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_land_vehicles_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="List of land vehicles of the United States Armed Forces">Vehicles</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_currently_active_United_States_military_land_vehicles" title="List of currently active United States military land vehicles">active</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Sea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_currently_active_United_States_military_watercraft" class="mw-redirect" title="List of currently active United States military watercraft">All watercraft</a></li> <li>Ships: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_United_States_Army" title="List of ships of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Navy_ships" title="List of United States Navy ships">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_ships_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="List of current ships of the United States Navy">active</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_ships_of_the_United_States_Navy#Future_ships" title="List of current ships of the United States Navy">future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of ships of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Coast_Guard_cutters" title="List of United States Coast Guard cutters">CG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Military_Sealift_Command_ships" title="List of Military Sealift Command ships">MSC</a></li></ul></li> <li>Weapons: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Navy_weapons" title="List of United States Navy weapons">N</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_naval_reactors" title="United States naval reactors">Reactors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_military_aircraft_of_the_United_States" title="Lists of military aircraft of the United States">Aircraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_undesignated_military_aircraft_of_the_United_States" title="List of undesignated military aircraft of the United States">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_United_States_military_aircraft" title="List of active United States military aircraft">active</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_future_military_aircraft_of_the_United_States" title="List of future military aircraft of the United States">future</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_aircraft_designation_systems" title="United States military aircraft designation systems">Aircraft designation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._helicopter_armament_subsystems" title="U.S. helicopter armament subsystems">Helicopter arms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Army_during_World_War_II" title="List of equipment of the United States Army during World War II">WWII equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_football" title="Nuclear football">Nuclear football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_electronics_of_the_United_States" title="List of military electronics of the United States">Electronics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Joint_Electronics_Type_Designation_System" title="Joint Electronics Type Designation System">designations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces" title="Flags of the United States Armed Forces">Flags</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Flag of the United States Army">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Flag of the United States Marine Corps">MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="Flag of the United States Navy">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Flag of the United States Air Force">AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Space_Force" title="Flag of the United States Space Force">SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" title="Flag of the United States Coast Guard">CG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ensign_of_the_United_States" title="Ensign of the United States">Ensign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_of_the_United_States" title="Jack of the United States">Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidon_(United_States)" title="Guidon (United States)">Guidons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_military_ration" title="United States military ration">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="United States and weapons of mass destruction">WMDs</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_of_the_United_States" title="Nuclear weapons of the United States">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_biological_weapons_program" title="United States biological weapons program">Biological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._chemical_weapons_topics" title="List of U.S. chemical weapons topics">Chemical</a></li></ul></li></ul> 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