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searchaux" style="display:none">US Army Air Force officer with Buffalo Soldiers (1916–1990)</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuskegee_Airman_Edward_Gleed_with_his_P-51.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tuskegee_Airman_Edward_Gleed_with_his_P-51.jpg/220px-Tuskegee_Airman_Edward_Gleed_with_his_P-51.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tuskegee_Airman_Edward_Gleed_with_his_P-51.jpg/330px-Tuskegee_Airman_Edward_Gleed_with_his_P-51.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tuskegee_Airman_Edward_Gleed_with_his_P-51.jpg/440px-Tuskegee_Airman_Edward_Gleed_with_his_P-51.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1537" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Tuskegee Airman Edward Gleed with his P-51</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Edward Creston Gleed</b> (November 5, 1916 – January 25, 1990) was an <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Air Force">U.S. Army Air Force</a> officer with the famed <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Soldier" title="Buffalo Soldier">Buffalo Soldiers</a>/<a href="/wiki/9th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="9th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">9th Cavalry Regiment (United States)</a>, <a href="/wiki/332nd_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="332nd Fighter Group">332nd Fighter Group</a>’s operations officer, and combat fighter pilot with the <a href="/wiki/99th_Fighter_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="99th Fighter Squadron">99th Fighter Squadron</a>, best known as the <a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_Airmen" title="Tuskegee Airmen">Tuskegee Airmen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cafriseabove.org_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cafriseabove.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nationalmuseum.af.mil_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nationalmuseum.af.mil-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-blackthen.com_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blackthen.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was one of the more prominent members of Tuskegee Airmen's ninth-ever aviation cadet program, as well as one of 1,007 documented Tuskegee Airmen Pilots.<sup id="cite_ref-CAF2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CAF2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His classmates included <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Tresville" title="Robert B. Tresville">Robert B. Tresville</a> (May 9, 1921 – June 24, 1944), <a href="/wiki/West_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="West Point">West Point</a>'s seventh African American graduate and the <a href="/wiki/100th_Fighter_Squadron" title="100th Fighter Squadron">100th Fighter Squadron</a>'s Commanding Officer.<sup id="cite_ref-stentiford_p86_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stentiford_p86-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-francis_tuskegee_p315_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-francis_tuskegee_p315-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gleed is well known for his P-51D Mustang aircraft, "The Creamer's Dream", which has been the subject of several famous, widely distributed photographs.<sup id="cite_ref-nps.gov_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nps.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life,_family,_ties_to_First_Lady_Martha_Washington,_Robert_E._Lee"><span id="Early_life.2C_family.2C_ties_to_First_Lady_Martha_Washington.2C_Robert_E._Lee"></span>Early life, family, ties to First Lady Martha Washington, Robert E. Lee</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_C._Gleed&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life, family, ties to First Lady Martha Washington, Robert E. Lee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gleed was born on November 5, 1916, in <a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_Kansas" title="Lawrence, Kansas">Lawrence, Kansas</a>. He was the son of Herbert J. Gleed Sr. (1885–1965) and Carrie Syphax Joseph Gleed (1888–1943), a former home economics professor at <a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuskegee Institute">Tuskegee Institute</a> and scion of the powerful <a href="/wiki/Syphax_family" title="Syphax family">Syphax family</a>, one of the most elite African-American families during the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-geni.com_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geni.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gleed's mother Carrie was the grandchild of Nancy Syphax, granddaughter of <a href="/wiki/Maria_Carter_Syphax" title="Maria Carter Syphax">Maria Carter Syphax</a>. Maria was the <a href="/wiki/Mullato" class="mw-redirect" title="Mullato">mullato</a> daughter of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Parke_Custis" title="George Washington Parke Custis">George Washington Parke Custis</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a> <a href="/wiki/Martha_Washington" title="Martha Washington">Martha Washington</a>'s grandson.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Carter_Syphax" title="Maria Carter Syphax">Maria Carter Syphax</a>'s white half-sister through George, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Anna_Custis_Lee" title="Mary Anna Custis Lee">Mary Custis</a>, was the wife of Confederate General and <a href="/wiki/Washington_and_Lee" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington and Lee">Washington and Lee</a> President, <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a>. </p><p>Gleed had one sibling, older brother Herbert Joseph Gleed, Jr. (1915–2006).<sup id="cite_ref-geni.com_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geni.com-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After attending high school in Lawrence, Gleed attended and graduated from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kansas" title="University of Kansas">University of Kansas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cafriseabove.org_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cafriseabove.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also attended <a href="/wiki/Howard_University_School_of_Law" title="Howard University School of Law">Howard University School of Law</a> before departing for the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Air_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Air Corps">U.S. Army Air Corps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cafriseabove.org_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cafriseabove.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was married to Lucille Elbertha Graves Gleed (1917–2004). They had three daughters: Elizabeth Gleed Ingersoll, Elaine Gleed Williams, and Carol Gleed Weaver.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_career,_Buffalo_Soldier,_Tuskegee_Airmen"><span id="Military_career.2C_Buffalo_Soldier.2C_Tuskegee_Airmen"></span>Military career, Buffalo Soldier, Tuskegee Airmen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_C._Gleed&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military career, Buffalo Soldier, Tuskegee Airmen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On February 8, 1941, Gleed enlisted in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army">U.S. Army</a>'s famed <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Soldier" title="Buffalo Soldier">Buffalo Soldiers</a>/<a href="/wiki/9th_Cavalry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="9th Cavalry Regiment (United States)">9th Cavalry Regiment (United States)</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Riley,_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Riley, Kansas">Fort Riley, Kansas</a> where he briefly served in military intelligence.<sup id="cite_ref-nationalmuseum.af.mil_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nationalmuseum.af.mil-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cafriseabove.org_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cafriseabove.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-blackthen.com_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blackthen.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-americanairmuseum.com_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-americanairmuseum.com-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1942, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Air_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Air Corps">U.S. Army Air Corps</a> reassigned Gleed to <a href="/wiki/Tuskegee,_Alabama" title="Tuskegee, Alabama">Tuskegee, Alabama</a> where he entered the Tuskegee Flight School's aviation cadet program.<sup id="cite_ref-nationalmuseum.af.mil_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nationalmuseum.af.mil-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 13, 1942, Gleed graduated as a member of the Single Engine Section Cadet Class SE-42-K, receiving his wings and commission as a <a href="/wiki/2nd_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Lieutenant">2nd Lieutenant</a>, service number 0-794598.<sup id="cite_ref-cafriseabove.org_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cafriseabove.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-americanairmuseum.com_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-americanairmuseum.com-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His classmates included <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Tresville" title="Robert B. Tresville">Robert B. Tresville</a> (May 9, 1921 – June 24, 1944), <a href="/wiki/West_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="West Point">West Point</a>'s seventh African American graduate and the <a href="/wiki/100th_Fighter_Squadron" title="100th Fighter Squadron">100th Fighter Squadron</a>'s Commanding Officer.<sup id="cite_ref-stentiford_p86_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stentiford_p86-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-francis_tuskegee_p315_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-francis_tuskegee_p315-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Air_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Air Corps">U.S. Army Air Corps</a> assigned Gleed to the <a href="/wiki/332nd_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="332nd Fighter Group">332nd Fighter Group</a>, where he became its Operations Officer as well as the Squadron Commander for its <a href="/wiki/301st_Fighter_Squadron" title="301st Fighter Squadron">301st Fighter Squadron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nationalmuseum.af.mil_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nationalmuseum.af.mil-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also served in leadership in the 477th Bombardier Group. </p><p>On July 27, 1944, Gleed earned two official kills after shooting down two enemy German <a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_190" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 190">Focke-Wulf Fw 190</a> during a German armament plant strafing mission near <a href="/wiki/Budapest,_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Budapest, Hungary">Budapest, Hungary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Caver_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caver-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For his heroics, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Air_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Air Corps">U.S. Army Air Corps</a> awarded Gleed the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)">Distinguished Flying Cross</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Caver_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caver-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He flew numerous bomber escort, patrol and strafing missions where he and his squadron destroyed bridges, oil refineries, supply dumps, and grounded aircraft. He is well known for his <a href="/wiki/P-51D_Mustang" class="mw-redirect" title="P-51D Mustang">P-51D Mustang</a> aircraft "The Creamer's Dream", which has been the subject of several famous, widely distributed photographs.<sup id="cite_ref-nps.gov_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nps.gov-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Gleed served in both the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. In 1947, the 332nd Fighter Wing at Ohio's <a href="/wiki/Lockborne_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockborne AFB">Lockborne AFB</a> was activated under Gleed's command, with the 332nd Fighter Group as a key component.<sup id="cite_ref-Caver_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caver-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1970, Gleed retired from the military as a full Colonel after nearly 30 years and 6,000 flying hours in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Air_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Air Corps">U.S. Army Air Corps</a> and the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-blackthen.com_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blackthen.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cafriseabove.org_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cafriseabove.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-military">Post-military</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_C._Gleed&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Post-military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his retirement from the U.S. military, Gleed worked as a system program manager and chief administrator/contract negotiator for two defense contractors.<sup id="cite_ref-cafriseabove.org_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cafriseabove.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1976 at the age of 60, Gleed graduated from Los Angeles, California's <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_University_School_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwestern University School of Law">Southwestern University School of Law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cafriseabove.org_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cafriseabove.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_C._Gleed&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gleed died on January 25, 1990. He was 73. Gleed was interred at <a href="/wiki/Riverside_National_Cemetery" title="Riverside National Cemetery">Riverside National Cemetery</a>, Plot Section 43, site 1462, in <a href="/wiki/Riverside,_California" title="Riverside, California">Riverside, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-americanairmuseum.com_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-americanairmuseum.com-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_C._Gleed&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px 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class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cafriseabove.org-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cafriseabove.org_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cafriseabove.org_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cafriseabove.org_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cafriseabove.org_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cafriseabove.org_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cafriseabove.org_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cafriseabove.org_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cafriseabove.org_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cafriseabove.org/edward-creston-gleed/">"Edward Creston Gleed"</a>. <i>CAF RISE ABOVE</i>. 2021-06-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CAF+RISE+ABOVE&rft.atitle=Edward+Creston+Gleed&rft.date=2021-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcafriseabove.org%2Fedward-creston-gleed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+C.+Gleed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nationalmuseum.af.mil-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nationalmuseum.af.mil_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nationalmuseum.af.mil_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nationalmuseum.af.mil_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nationalmuseum.af.mil_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/196715/edward-c-gleed-flying-jacket/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalmuseum.af.mil%2FVisit%2FMuseum-Exhibits%2FFact-Sheets%2FDisplay%2FArticle%2F196715%2Fedward-c-gleed-flying-jacket%2F">"Edward C. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Museum+of+the+United+States+Air+Force%E2%84%A2&rft.atitle=Edward+C.+Gleed+Flying+Jacket&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalmuseum.af.mil%2FVisit%2FMuseum-Exhibits%2FFact-Sheets%2FDisplay%2FArticle%2F196715%2Fedward-c-gleed-flying-jacket%2Fhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.nationalmuseum.af.mil%252FVisit%252FMuseum-Exhibits%252FFact-Sheets%252FDisplay%252FArticle%252F196715%252Fedward-c-gleed-flying-jacket%252F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+C.+Gleed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blackthen.com-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blackthen.com_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blackthen.com_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blackthen.com_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2022" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Jae (2022-05-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blackthen.com/edward-creston-gleed-buffalo-soldier-tuskegee-airman/blackthen.com/edward-creston-gleed-buffalo-soldier-tuskegee-airman/">"Edward Creston Gleed: Buffalo Soldier to Tuskegee Airman"</a>. <i>Black Then</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Then&rft.atitle=Edward+Creston+Gleed%3A+Buffalo+Soldier+to+Tuskegee+Airman&rft.date=2022-05-19&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Jae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblackthen.com%2Fedward-creston-gleed-buffalo-soldier-tuskegee-airman%2Fblackthen.com%2Fedward-creston-gleed-buffalo-soldier-tuskegee-airman%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+C.+Gleed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CAF2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CAF2_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cafriseabove.org/the-tuskegee-airmen/tuskegee-airmen-pilot-roster/">"Tuskegee Airmen Pilot Roster"</a>. <i>CAF Rise Above</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CAF+Rise+Above&rft.atitle=Tuskegee+Airmen+Pilot+Roster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcafriseabove.org%2Fthe-tuskegee-airmen%2Ftuskegee-airmen-pilot-roster%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+C.+Gleed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stentiford_p86-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stentiford_p86_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stentiford_p86_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStentiford2012" class="citation book cs1">Stentiford, Barry M. (2012). <i>Tuskegee Airmen</i>. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 86–87, 149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-38684-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-38684-8"><bdi>978-0-313-38684-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/750173825">750173825</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tuskegee+Airmen&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pages=86-87%2C+149&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F750173825&rft.isbn=978-0-313-38684-8&rft.aulast=Stentiford&rft.aufirst=Barry+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+C.+Gleed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-francis_tuskegee_p315-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-francis_tuskegee_p315_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-francis_tuskegee_p315_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancis1997" class="citation book cs1">Francis, Charles E. (1997). Caso, Adolph (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tuskegeeairmenme00char"><i>The Tuskegee Airmen: The Men who Changed a Nation</i></a></span>. Boston, Massachusetts: Branden Publishing Co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tuskegeeairmenme00char/page/315">315</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8283-2029-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8283-2029-2"><bdi>0-8283-2029-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1036905711">1036905711</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tuskegee+Airmen%3A+The+Men+who+Changed+a+Nation&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=315&rft.pub=Branden+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1036905711&rft.isbn=0-8283-2029-2&rft.aulast=Francis&rft.aufirst=Charles+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftuskegeeairmenme00char&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+C.+Gleed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nps.gov-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nps.gov_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nps.gov_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/museum/exhibits/tuskegee_airmen/planes_pilots/LC-F9-02-4503-330-11.CreamersDream.html">"Tuskegee Airmen Virtual Museum Exhibit, National Park Service Museum Management Program"</a>. <i>www.nps.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nps.gov&rft.atitle=Tuskegee+Airmen+Virtual+Museum+Exhibit%2C+National+Park+Service+Museum+Management+Program&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fmuseum%2Fexhibits%2Ftuskegee_airmen%2Fplanes_pilots%2FLC-F9-02-4503-330-11.CreamersDream.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+C.+Gleed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehousehistory.org/galleries/nancy-syphax-life-and-legacycolonel-edward-creston-gleed">"Nancy Syphax–Life and Legacy: Colonel Edward Creston Gleed"</a>. <i>Whha (En-Us)</i>. The White House Historical Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Whha+%28En-Us%29&rft.atitle=Nancy+Syphax%E2%80%93Life+and+Legacy%3A+Colonel+Edward+Creston+Gleed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehousehistory.org%2Fgalleries%2Fnancy-syphax-life-and-legacycolonel-edward-creston-gleed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+C.+Gleed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-geni.com-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-geni.com_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-geni.com_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geni.com/people/Herbert-gleed-Sr/6000000000118820112">"Herbert joseph gleed, Sr"</a>. <i>geni_family_tree</i>. 1885-12-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=geni_family_tree&rft.atitle=Herbert+joseph+gleed%2C+Sr.&rft.date=1885-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geni.com%2Fpeople%2FHerbert-gleed-Sr%2F6000000000118820112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+C.+Gleed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehousehistory.org/nancy-syphax-life-and-legacy">"Nancy Syphax – Life and Legacy – an enslaved resident of the historic decatur house"</a>. The White House Historical Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nancy+Syphax+%E2%80%93+Life+and+Legacy+%E2%80%93+an+enslaved+resident+of+the+historic+decatur+house&rft.pub=The+White+House+Historical+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehousehistory.org%2Fnancy-syphax-life-and-legacy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+C.+Gleed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Geni. "Herbert joseph gleed, Jr." <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.geni.com/people/Herbert-Gleed-Jr/6000000000118616397">https://www.geni.com/people/Herbert-Gleed-Jr/6000000000118616397</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W6FQ – September 7, 2006. "Herbert J. Gleed Jr, Los Angeles, CA, QCWA # 2511, Chapter 120. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://qcwa.org/w6fq-02511-sk.htm">https://qcwa.org/w6fq-02511-sk.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/latimes/name/lucille-gleed-obituary?id=27421898">"Lucille Gleed Obituary (2004) – Los Angeles, CA – Los Angeles Times"</a>. <i>Legacy.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legacy.com&rft.atitle=Lucille+Gleed+Obituary+%282004%29+%E2%80%93+Los+Angeles%2C+CA+%E2%80%93+Los+Angeles+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legacy.com%2Fus%2Fobituaries%2Flatimes%2Fname%2Flucille-gleed-obituary%3Fid%3D27421898&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+C.+Gleed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-americanairmuseum.com-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-americanairmuseum.com_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-americanairmuseum.com_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-americanairmuseum.com_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The American Air Museum in Britain. "Edward Creston Gleed." <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.americanairmuseum.com/person/241759">http://www.americanairmuseum.com/person/241759</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">CAF Rise Above. "Tuskegee Airmen Pilot Roster." <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://cafriseabove.org/the-tuskegee-airmen/tuskegee-airmen-pilot-roster/">https://cafriseabove.org/the-tuskegee-airmen/tuskegee-airmen-pilot-roster/</a> . This data derives from CAF Rise Above's research project compiling data from Tuskegee Airmen historians including the Air Force Historical Research Agency.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">CAF Rise Above. National Park Service, Museum Management Program Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site. "Edward Creston Gleed."<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://cafriseabove.org/edward-creston-gleed/">https://cafriseabove.org/edward-creston-gleed/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caver-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Caver_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caver_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caver_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Tuskegee Airmen: An Illustrated History, 1939–1949. Joseph Caver, Jerome A. Ennels, Daniel Lee Haulman. 2011. Publisher: New South Books. ISBN 9781588382443, 1588382443. Page 177. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1qC51h8HrWQC&dq=edward+c+gleed&pg=PA177">https://books.google.com/books?id=1qC51h8HrWQC&dq=edward+c+gleed&pg=PA177</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tuskegee_Airmen" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tuskegee_Airmen" title="Template:Tuskegee Airmen"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tuskegee_Airmen" title="Template talk:Tuskegee Airmen"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tuskegee_Airmen" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tuskegee Airmen"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tuskegee_Airmen" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_Airmen" title="Tuskegee Airmen">Tuskegee Airmen</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/99th_Fighter_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="99th Fighter Squadron">99th Fighter Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100th_Fighter_Squadron" title="100th Fighter Squadron">100th Fighter Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/301st_Fighter_Squadron" title="301st Fighter Squadron">301st Fighter Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/302nd_Fighter_Squadron_(United_States)" title="302nd Fighter Squadron (United States)">302nd Fighter Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/332d_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="332d Fighter Group">332d Fighter Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/477th_Fighter_Group" title="477th Fighter Group">477th Bomber Group</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shield_of_the_332nd_Fighter_Group.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shield of the 332nd Fighter Group"><img alt="An insignia with a dark four-legged feline breathing fire on a yellow background. There is a blue artistic border at the top and bottom. Below a banner reads "Spit fire"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Shield_of_the_332nd_Fighter_Group.svg/100px-Shield_of_the_332nd_Fighter_Group.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Shield_of_the_332nd_Fighter_Group.svg/150px-Shield_of_the_332nd_Fighter_Group.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Shield_of_the_332nd_Fighter_Group.svg/200px-Shield_of_the_332nd_Fighter_Group.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="401" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Air fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chanute_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Chanute Field">Chanute Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mather_Air_Force_Base" title="Mather Air Force Base">Mather Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moton_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Moton Army Air Field">Moton Army Air Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wurtsmith_Air_Force_Base" title="Wurtsmith Air Force Base">Oscoda Army Air Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfridge_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Selfridge Air National Guard Base">Selfridge Air Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuskegee Army Air Field">Tuskegee Army Air Field</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pilots<br />and crew</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Adams_(pilot)" title="Paul Adams (pilot)">Paul Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_H._Adkins" title="Rutherford H. Adkins">Rutherford H. Adkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halbert_Alexander" title="Halbert Alexander">Halbert Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_N._Alsbrook" title="William N. Alsbrook">William N. Alsbrooka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Armstrong_(Tuskegee_Airman)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Armstrong (Tuskegee Airman)">William Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Archer_(pilot)" title="Lee Archer (pilot)">Lee Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ashby_(Tuskegee_Airman)" title="Robert Ashby (Tuskegee Airman)">Robert Ashby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Ashley" title="Willie Ashley">Willie Ashley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_P._Bailey_(pilot)" title="Charles P. Bailey (pilot)">Charles P. Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bartley_(pilot)" title="William Bartley (pilot)">William Bartley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Baugh" title="Howard Baugh">Howard Baugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Bohler" title="Henry Cabot Lodge Bohler">Henry Cabot Lodge Bohler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_R._Bolling" title="George R. Bolling">George R. Bolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_V._Clark" title="Herbert V. Clark">Herbert V. Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_C._Coggs" title="Granville C. Coggs">Granville C. Coggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Crockett" title="Woodrow Crockett">Woodrow Crockett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Brown_(Tuskegee_Airman)" title="Harold Brown (Tuskegee Airman)">Harold Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_L._Brown" title="George L. Brown">George L. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Roscoe Brown">Roscoe Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Campbell_(Tuskegee_Airman)" title="William A. Campbell (Tuskegee Airman)">William A. Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Carter_(pilot)" title="Herbert Carter (pilot)">Herbert Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Calvin_Cheatham_Jr." title="Eugene Calvin Cheatham Jr.">Eugene Calvin Cheatham Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Crenchaw" title="Milton Crenchaw">Milton Crenchaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemuel_R._Custis" title="Lemuel R. Custis">Lemuel R. Custis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Dart" title="Clarence Dart">Clarence Dart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonza_W._Davis" title="Alfonza W. Davis">Alfonza W. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_O._Davis_Jr." title="Benjamin O. Davis Jr.">Benjamin O. Davis Jr.</a> (C/O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_DeBow" title="Charles DeBow">Charles DeBow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Deiz" title="Robert W. Deiz">Robert W. Deiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Derricotte" title="Gene Derricotte">Gene Derricotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Dickson" title="Lawrence Dickson">Lawrence Dickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elwood_T._Driver" title="Elwood T. Driver">Elwood T. Driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Dryden" title="Charles W. Dryden">Charles W. Dryden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_V._Eagleson" title="Wilson V. Eagleson">Wilson V. Eagleson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ellis_Edwards" title="John Ellis Edwards">John Ellis Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Elsberry" title="Joseph Elsberry">Joseph Elsberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Cassagnol" title="Raymond Cassagnol">Raymond Cassagnol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clayton_Flowers" title="James Clayton Flowers">James Clayton Flowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Freeman" title="Julius Freeman">Julius Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Friend_(pilot)" title="Robert Friend (pilot)">Robert Friend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_H._Fuller" title="Willie H. Fuller">Willie H. Fuller</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Edward C. Gleed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gomer_(pilot)" title="Joseph Gomer (pilot)">Joseph Gomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Gorham" title="Alfred Gorham">Alfred Gorham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Goodall" title="Oliver Goodall">Oliver Goodall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Hall" title="Charles B. Hall">Charles B. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_V._Haywood" title="Vernon V. Haywood">Vernon V. Haywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hardy_(Tuskegee_Airman)" title="George Hardy (Tuskegee Airman)">George Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_V._Haysbert" title="Raymond V. Haysbert">Raymond V. Haysbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Heath" title="Percy Heath">Percy Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Higginbotham" title="Mitchell Higginbotham">Mitchell Higginbotham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_James_Jr." title="Daniel James Jr.">Daniel "Chappie" James Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_C._Jamison" title="Clarence C. Jamison">Clarence C. Jamison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Jefferson" title="Alexander Jefferson">Alexander Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_C._Johnson" title="Carl C. Johnson">Carl C. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Harvey" title="James H. Harvey">James H. Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lee_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="William Lee Hill">William Lee Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Hudson" title="Lincoln Hudson">Lincoln Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Holloman" title="William H. Holloman">William H. Holloman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Iles" title="George J. Iles">George J. Iles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Johnson_Kelly" title="James Johnson Kelly">James Johnson Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Knighten" title="James B. Knighten">James B. Knighten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_L._Knox_II" title="George L. Knox II">George L. Knox II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_A._Lawson" title="Herman A. Lawson">Herman A. Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_I._Lawson" title="Walter I. Lawson">Walter I. Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_D._Lester" title="Clarence D. Lester">Clarence D. Lester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmore_B._Leonard" title="Wilmore B. Leonard">Wilmore B. Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lyle_(pilot)" title="John Lyle (pilot)">John Lyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Mann" title="Hiram Mann">Hiram Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Manning" title="Walter Manning">Walter Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Martin_(aviator)" title="Robert Martin (aviator)">Robert Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armour_G._McDaniel" title="Armour G. McDaniel">Armour G. McDaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_McGee_(pilot)" title="Charles McGee (pilot)">Charles McGee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_L._McCreary" title="Walter L. McCreary">Walter L. McCreary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mosley" title="John Mosley">John Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitzroy_Newsum" title="Fitzroy Newsum">Fitzroy Newsum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O._Plinton_Jr." title="James O. Plinton Jr.">James O. Plinton Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_O._Pruitt" title="Wendell O. Pruitt">Wendell O. Pruitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Purnell" title="Louis Purnell">Louis R. Purnell Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price_D._Rice" title="Price D. Rice">Price D. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_E._Roberts" title="Lawrence E. Roberts">Lawrence E. Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Roberts" title="George S. Roberts">George S. Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_C._Robinson" title="Curtis C. Robinson">Curtis C. Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Edward_Robinson_Jr." title="Isaiah Edward Robinson Jr.">Isaiah Edward Robinson Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Rogers_Sr." title="John W. Rogers Sr.">John W. Rogers Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Ross" title="Mac Ross">Mac Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Searcy" title="Robert Searcy">Robert Searcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Showell" title="David Showell">David Showell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmeth_Sidat-Singh" title="Wilmeth Sidat-Singh">Wilmeth Sidat-Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Smith_(pilot)" title="Graham Smith (pilot)">Graham Smith (pilot)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Smith_(aviator)" title="Eugene Smith (aviator)">Eugene Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_J._Spann" title="Calvin J. Spann">Calvin J. Spann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Sport" title="Vernon Sport">Vernon Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell_Steward" title="Lowell Steward">Lowell Steward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Stewart,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Stewart, Jr.">Harry Stewart, Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Stone" title="Chuck Stone">Charles "Chuck" Stone Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Sutton" title="Percy Sutton">Percy Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alva_Temple" title="Alva Temple">Alva Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Terry" title="Roger Terry">Roger Terry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Theus" title="Lucius Theus">Lucius Theus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_L._Toppins" title="Edward L. Toppins">Edward L. Toppins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Tresville" title="Robert B. Tresville">Robert B. Tresville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_D._Turner" title="Andrew D. Turner">Andrew D. Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Alonzo_Walker" title="James Alonzo Walker">James A. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spann_Watson" title="Spann Watson">Spann Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_J._Weathers" title="Luke J. Weathers">Luke J. Weathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_W._White" title="Sherman W. White">Sherman W. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_T._Wiley" title="James T. Wiley">James T. Wiley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mal_Whitfield" title="Mal Whitfield">Malvin "Mal" Whitfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Lawton_Wilkerson" title="Oscar Lawton Wilkerson">Oscar Lawton Wilkerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancey_Williams" title="Yancey Williams">Yancey Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeo_M._Williams" title="Romeo M. Williams">Romeo M. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wise_Jr." title="Henry Wise Jr.">Henry Wise Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleman_Young" title="Coleman Young">Coleman Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Freeman_Field_mutiny" title="Freeman Field mutiny">Freeman Field mutiny</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra" title="Bell P-39 Airacobra">Bell P-39 Airacobra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-40_Warhawk" title="Curtiss P-40 Warhawk">Curtiss P-40 Warhawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">North American B-25 Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">North American P-51 Mustang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt">Republic P-47 Thunderbolt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Fictional films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tuskegee_Airmen" title="The Tuskegee Airmen">The Tuskegee Airmen</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hart%27s_War" title="Hart's War">Hart's War</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Tails" title="Red Tails">Red Tails</a></i> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Red_Tail" title="Flight of the Red Tail">Flight of the Red Tail</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Tail_Reborn" title="Red Tail Reborn">Red Tail Reborn</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wings_for_This_Man" title="Wings for This Man">Wings for This Man</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fly_(play)" title="Fly (play)">Fly</a></i> (play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_Browne,_Farmer" title="Henry Browne, Farmer">Henry Browne, Farmer</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wingmen_(The_Boondocks)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wingmen (The Boondocks)">Wingmen</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing%E2%80%93Saab_T-7_Red_Hawk" title="Boeing–Saab T-7 Red Hawk">Boeing–Saab T-7 Red Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Tail_Squadron" title="Red Tail Squadron">Red Tail Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_University" title="Tuskegee University">Tuskegee University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_Airmen_National_Historic_Site" title="Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site">Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Edwards_Jr." title="Leslie Edwards Jr.">Leslie Edwards Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_DeFour" title="Wilfred DeFour">Wilfred DeFour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maycie_Herrington" title="Maycie Herrington">Maycie Herrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buford_A._Johnson" title="Buford A. Johnson">Buford A. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ellis_(Tuskegee_Airman)" title="Thomas Ellis (Tuskegee Airman)">Thomas Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Johnson_(Tuskegee_Airman)" title="Theodore Johnson (Tuskegee Airman)">Theodore Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_F._Parrish" title="Noel F. Parrish">Noel F. Parrish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_P._Reed" title="Wallace P. Reed">Wallace P. Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Rogers_(Tuskegee)" title="Willie Rogers (Tuskegee)">Willie Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Franklin_Vaughns" title="Thomas Franklin Vaughns">Thomas Franklin Vaughns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans" title="Military history of African Americans">African American military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Soldier" title="Buffalo Soldier">Buffalo Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Thirteen" title="Golden Thirteen">Golden Thirteen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/366th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="366th Infantry Regiment (United States)">366th Infantry Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/761st_Tank_Battalion_(United_States)" title="761st Tank Battalion (United States)">U.S. Army Black Panthers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Colored_Troops" title="United States Colored Troops">United States Colored Troops</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Tuskegee_Airmen" title="Category:Tuskegee Airmen">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/16px-Aviacionavion.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/24px-Aviacionavion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/32px-Aviacionavion.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Aviation" title="Portal:Aviation">aviation portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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