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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Lowell Steward</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lowell_C._Steward_(1943)_after_graduating_from_flight_training_at_Tuskegee_Army_Air_Field,_Tuskegee,_AL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/30/Lowell_C._Steward_%281943%29_after_graduating_from_flight_training_at_Tuskegee_Army_Air_Field%2C_Tuskegee%2C_AL.jpg/220px-Lowell_C._Steward_%281943%29_after_graduating_from_flight_training_at_Tuskegee_Army_Air_Field%2C_Tuskegee%2C_AL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/30/Lowell_C._Steward_%281943%29_after_graduating_from_flight_training_at_Tuskegee_Army_Air_Field%2C_Tuskegee%2C_AL.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="276" data-file-height="363" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">Lowell Steward (1943)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1919-02-25</span>)</span>February 25, 1919<br /><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles, California</a>, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">December 17, 2014<span style="display:none">(2014-12-17)</span> (aged 95)<br /><a href="/wiki/Ventura,_California" title="Ventura, California">Ventura, California</a>, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Airforce" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Airforce">United States Airforce</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps" title="United States Army Air Corps">United States Army Air Corps</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1942–1946</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States)" title="Captain (United States)">Captain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/100th_Fighter_Squadron" title="100th Fighter Squadron">100th Fighter Squadron</a>, <a href="/wiki/332nd_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="332nd Fighter Group">332nd Fighter Group</a><sup id="cite_ref-Francis_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a> awarded to Tuskegee Airmen<br /><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)">Distinguished Flying Cross</a><br /><a href="/wiki/European-African-Middle_Eastern_Campaign_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal">European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Air_Medal" title="Air Medal">Air Medal</a> with four oak leaf clusters<sup id="cite_ref-Francis_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Lowell Steward</b> (February 25, 1919 – December 17, 2014) was born in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> and was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_Airmen" title="Tuskegee Airmen">Tuskegee Airmen</a> who flew missions during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. For his service, he received the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Flying_Cross_(United_States)" title="Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)">Distinguished Flying Cross</a> and other medals. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tuskegee_Airmen">Tuskegee Airmen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowell_Steward&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Tuskegee Airmen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_Airmen" title="Tuskegee Airmen">Tuskegee Airmen</a></div> <p>After Steward graduated from college and when the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps" title="United States Army Air Corps">Army Air Corps</a> began allowing blacks to enlist and become pilots, he enlisted in 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-McGrath.WKBW_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGrath.WKBW-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Parker.LAT_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parker.LAT-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weber.SandS_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weber.SandS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Neuman.NPR_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neuman.NPR-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Steward, the US Air Force brought together black men—specifically black athletes—from throughout the US to be trained at <a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuskegee Institute">Tuskegee Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cage_Star_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cage_Star-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When they were initially deployed in Europe, they were initially ignored and often called the "Spookwaffe". Their mission was to fly fighter aircraft to escort bombers. Once their reputation for providing effective air support for bombers became widely known, they started receiving special request for bomber support.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloomfield_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloomfield-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Steward describe how he became a Tuskegee Airman: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>When I left school to sign up for the air force, I found out I could not go into the service with my friends. I was the only black on the basketball team. We had decided among ourselves that we would all go into the air force. The others did. When I went down to sign up, they didn't know what to do with me. Just told me they couldn't send me to the air force. Ten months later I was finally called. That's when they decided what they could do with me. I was sent to Tuskegee, an all-segregated base, deep in the heart of Alabama. (p. 187)<sup id="cite_ref-Dowling_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dowling-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>After receiving segregated training at the <a href="/wiki/Sharpe_Field" title="Sharpe Field">Tuskegee Army Air Field</a>, he was sent to Italy in 1944 with the <a href="/wiki/100th_Fighter_Squadron" title="100th Fighter Squadron">100th Fighter Squadron</a>. From <a href="/wiki/Capodichino_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Capodichino Air Base">Capodichino Air Base</a> in <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, Italy he flew a number of missions in <a href="/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra" title="Bell P-39 Airacobra">Bell P-39 Airacobras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-40_Warhawk" title="Curtiss P-40 Warhawk">Curtiss P-40 Warhawks</a>. He was subsequently based in <a href="/wiki/Ramitelli_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramitelli Airfield">Ramitelli Airfield</a> where he flew many more missions in <a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">North American P-51 Mustangs</a>. In total, he flew 143 missions.<sup id="cite_ref-McGrath.WKBW_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGrath.WKBW-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Parker.LAT_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parker.LAT-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weber.SandS_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weber.SandS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Neuman.NPR_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neuman.NPR-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the war and after his return to Los Angeles, he helped to organize the Los Angeles chapter of Tuskegee Airmen, Inc. and to found a scholarship foundation in the name of the Tuskegee Airmen. In 2007, Steward attended President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>'s presentation of the Tuskegee Airmen with the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McGrath.WKBW_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGrath.WKBW-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Parker.LAT_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parker.LAT-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weber.SandS_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weber.SandS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowell_Steward&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Steward was born in Los Angeles and was a childhood friend of <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Parker.LAT_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parker.LAT-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_High_School_(Los_Angeles)" title="Jefferson High School (Los Angeles)">Jefferson High School</a>. In 1937, he entered <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">Santa Barbara State College</a> where he would become the first black captain of the <a href="/wiki/UC_Santa_Barbara_Gauchos_men%27s_basketball" title="UC Santa Barbara Gauchos men's basketball">Gauchos</a> team. In 1941,<sup id="cite_ref-Gaucho_Cagers_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaucho_Cagers-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he led the Gauchos to the semifinals of the <a href="/wiki/1941_NAIA_Division_I_men%27s_basketball_tournament" class="mw-redirect" title="1941 NAIA Division I men's basketball tournament">1941 NAIA Division I men's basketball tournament</a> but was not allowed to play because he was black. Steward graduated from college in 1941 with a business degree. He met his wife Helen in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara, California</a> and married her in Los Angeles in 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-Wedding_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wedding-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had one son and two daughters.<sup id="cite_ref-McGrath.WKBW_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGrath.WKBW-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Parker.LAT_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parker.LAT-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weber.SandS_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weber.SandS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Neuman.NPR_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neuman.NPR-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1942, when <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a> began to allow blacks enter and become pilots, Steward was allowed to enlist and he was sent to the Tuskegee Institute for training. After his military discharge in 1946, he returned to Los Angeles with his wife to buy a house but they were not able to secure a mortgage because they were black. Because of this, he went to real estate school and obtained a real estate license. In the 1950s he helped to integrate parts of Los Angeles by facilitating home sales.<sup id="cite_ref-McGrath.WKBW_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGrath.WKBW-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Parker.LAT_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parker.LAT-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weber.SandS_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weber.SandS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Neuman.NPR_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neuman.NPR-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 14, 2014, he came down with a cold that led to pneumonia. He died on December 17 in <a href="/wiki/Community_Memorial_Hospital_of_San_Buenaventura" title="Community Memorial Hospital of San Buenaventura">Community Memorial Hospital</a> of natural causes at the age of 95. His wife Helen died 10 years earlier in 2004 after 60 years of marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-McGrath.WKBW_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGrath.WKBW-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowell_Steward&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dogfights_(TV_series)" title="Dogfights (TV series)">Dogfights (TV series)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_9981" title="Executive Order 9981">Executive Order 9981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeman_Field_Mutiny" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeman Field Mutiny">Freeman Field Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tuskegee_Airmen" title="List of Tuskegee Airmen">List of Tuskegee Airmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans" title="Military history of African Americans">Military history of African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tuskegee_Airmen" title="The Tuskegee Airmen"><i>The Tuskegee Airmen</i> (movie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_Airmen" title="Tuskegee Airmen">Tuskegee Airmen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowell_Steward&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Francis-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Francis_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Francis_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFrancis1997" class="citation book cs1">Francis, Charles E. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VyuedRwZre8C&q=Lowell++Stewar&pg=PA12"><i>The Tuskegee Airmen: The Men who Changed a Nation</i></a>. Branden Books. p. 335. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8283-2189-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8283-2189-2"><bdi>0-8283-2189-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tuskegee+Airmen%3A+The+Men+who+Changed+a+Nation&rft.pages=335&rft.pub=Branden+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-8283-2189-2&rft.aulast=Francis&rft.aufirst=Charles+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVyuedRwZre8C%26q%3DLowell%2B%2BStewar%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowell+Steward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McGrath.WKBW-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McGrath.WKBW_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGrath.WKBW_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGrath.WKBW_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGrath.WKBW_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGrath.WKBW_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McGrath.WKBW_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGrath2014" class="citation news cs1">McGrath, Rachel (19 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141221110146/http://www.wkbw.com/news/tuskegee-airman-lowell-steward-dies-at-95_31926439">"Tuskegee Airman Lowell Steward dies at 95"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WKBW-TV" title="WKBW-TV">WKBW-TV</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wkbw.com/news/tuskegee-airman-lowell-steward-dies-at-95_31926439">the original</a> on 21 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tuskegee+Airman+Lowell+Steward+dies+at+95&rft.date=2014-12-19&rft.aulast=McGrath&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wkbw.com%2Fnews%2Ftuskegee-airman-lowell-steward-dies-at-95_31926439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowell+Steward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Parker.LAT-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Parker.LAT_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Parker.LAT_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Parker.LAT_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Parker.LAT_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Parker.LAT_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Parker.LAT_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker2014" class="citation news cs1">Parker, Ryan (19 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-tuskegee-airman-lowell-steward-dies-20141219-story.html">"Decorated Tuskegee Airman Lowell Steward dies in Ventura at 95"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Decorated+Tuskegee+Airman+Lowell+Steward+dies+in+Ventura+at+95&rft.date=2014-12-19&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Flocal%2Flanow%2Fla-me-ln-tuskegee-airman-lowell-steward-dies-20141219-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowell+Steward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weber.SandS-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weber.SandS_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weber.SandS_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weber.SandS_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weber.SandS_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weber.SandS_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeber2014" class="citation news cs1">Weber, Christopher (19 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stripes.com/news/veterans/tuskegee-airman-lowell-steward-who-flew-over-100-missions-dies-at-95-1.320263">"Tuskegee Airman Lowell Steward, who flew over 100 missions, dies at 95"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stars_and_Stripes_(newspaper)" title="Stars and Stripes (newspaper)">Stars & Stripes</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stars+%26+Stripes&rft.atitle=Tuskegee+Airman+Lowell+Steward%2C+who+flew+over+100+missions%2C+dies+at+95&rft.date=2014-12-19&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stripes.com%2Fnews%2Fveterans%2Ftuskegee-airman-lowell-steward-who-flew-over-100-missions-dies-at-95-1.320263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowell+Steward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neuman.NPR-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Neuman.NPR_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Neuman.NPR_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Neuman.NPR_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Neuman.NPR_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeuman2014" class="citation news cs1">Neuman, Scott (20 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/12/20/372126643/decorated-tuskegee-airman-lowell-steward-dies-at-95">"Decorated Tuskegee Airman Lowell Steward Dies At 95"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Decorated+Tuskegee+Airman+Lowell+Steward+Dies+At+95&rft.date=2014-12-20&rft.aulast=Neuman&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fblogs%2Fthetwo-way%2F2014%2F12%2F20%2F372126643%2Fdecorated-tuskegee-airman-lowell-steward-dies-at-95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowell+Steward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cage_Star-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cage_Star_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1449614/the_pittsburgh_courier/">"Cage Star in Army"</a>. <i>The Pittsburgh Courier</i>. 12 November 1942. p. 17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2014</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pittsburgh+Courier&rft.atitle=Cage+Star+in+Army&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1942-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F1449614%2Fthe_pittsburgh_courier%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowell+Steward" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bloomfield-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bloomfield_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloomfield2004" class="citation book cs1">Bloomfield, Gary L. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=48-qDw9hvB8C&q=Lowell++Steward&pg=PT192"><i>Duty, Honor, Victory: America's Athletes in World War II</i></a>. Lyons Press. p. 400. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59228-548-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-59228-548-1"><bdi>1-59228-548-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Duty%2C+Honor%2C+Victory%3A+America%27s+Athletes+in+World+War+II&rft.pages=400&rft.pub=Lyons+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-59228-548-1&rft.aulast=Bloomfield&rft.aufirst=Gary+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D48-qDw9hvB8C%26q%3DLowell%2B%2BSteward%26pg%3DPT192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowell+Steward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dowling-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dowling_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowling2005" class="citation book cs1">Dowling, Timothy C. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7qvAUit5GmIC&q=Lowell++Steward&pg=PA187"><i>Personal Perspectives: World War II</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 351. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85109-575-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85109-575-6"><bdi>1-85109-575-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Personal+Perspectives%3A+World+War+II&rft.pages=351&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-85109-575-6&rft.aulast=Dowling&rft.aufirst=Timothy+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7qvAUit5GmIC%26q%3DLowell%2B%2BSteward%26pg%3DPA187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowell+Steward" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaucho_Cagers-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gaucho_Cagers_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1449607/the_san_bernardino_county_sun/">"Gaucho Cagers Look for Top Cage Season"</a>. <i>San Bernardino Country Sun</i>. 23 September 1941. p. 17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2014</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Bernardino+Country+Sun&rft.atitle=Gaucho+Cagers+Look+for+Top+Cage+Season&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1941-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F1449607%2Fthe_san_bernardino_county_sun%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowell+Steward" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wedding-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wedding_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1449624/the_pittsburgh_courier/">"Tuesday Military Wedding is Colorful Social Event"</a>. <i>The Pittsburgh Courier</i>. 11 September 1943. p. 10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2014</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pittsburgh+Courier&rft.atitle=Tuesday+Military+Wedding+is+Colorful+Social+Event&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1943-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F1449624%2Fthe_pittsburgh_courier%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALowell+Steward" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowell_Steward&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c89g5pvh/">Guide to the Lowell Steward Papers</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historicalvoices.org/amvoices/view.php?type=profile&name=Stewart,%20Lowell">American Voices</a> <a href="/wiki/Studs_Terkel" title="Studs Terkel">Studs Terkel</a> Interviews Lowell Steward</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/332d_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="332d Fighter Group">332d Fighter Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/477th_Fighter_Group" title="477th Fighter Group">477th Bomber Group</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shield_of_the_332nd_Fighter_Group.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shield of the 332nd Fighter Group"><img alt="An insignia with a dark four-legged feline breathing fire on a yellow background. There is a blue artistic border at the top and bottom. Below a banner reads "Spit fire"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Shield_of_the_332nd_Fighter_Group.svg/100px-Shield_of_the_332nd_Fighter_Group.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Shield_of_the_332nd_Fighter_Group.svg/150px-Shield_of_the_332nd_Fighter_Group.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Shield_of_the_332nd_Fighter_Group.svg/200px-Shield_of_the_332nd_Fighter_Group.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="401" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Air fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chanute_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Chanute Field">Chanute Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mather_Air_Force_Base" title="Mather Air Force Base">Mather Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moton_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Moton Army Air Field">Moton Army Air Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wurtsmith_Air_Force_Base" title="Wurtsmith Air Force Base">Oscoda Army Air Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfridge_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Selfridge Air National Guard Base">Selfridge Air Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuskegee Army Air Field">Tuskegee Army Air Field</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Pilots<br />and crew</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Adams_(pilot)" title="Paul Adams (pilot)">Paul Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_H._Adkins" title="Rutherford H. Adkins">Rutherford H. Adkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halbert_Alexander" title="Halbert Alexander">Halbert Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_N._Alsbrook" title="William N. Alsbrook">William N. Alsbrooka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Armstrong_(Tuskegee_Airman)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Armstrong (Tuskegee Airman)">William Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Archer_(pilot)" title="Lee Archer (pilot)">Lee Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ashby_(Tuskegee_Airman)" title="Robert Ashby (Tuskegee Airman)">Robert Ashby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Ashley" title="Willie Ashley">Willie Ashley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_P._Bailey_(pilot)" title="Charles P. Bailey (pilot)">Charles P. Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bartley_(pilot)" title="William Bartley (pilot)">William Bartley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Baugh" title="Howard Baugh">Howard Baugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Bohler" title="Henry Cabot Lodge Bohler">Henry Cabot Lodge Bohler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_R._Bolling" title="George R. Bolling">George R. Bolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_V._Clark" title="Herbert V. Clark">Herbert V. Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_C._Coggs" title="Granville C. Coggs">Granville C. Coggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Crockett" title="Woodrow Crockett">Woodrow Crockett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Brown_(Tuskegee_Airman)" title="Harold Brown (Tuskegee Airman)">Harold Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_L._Brown" title="George L. Brown">George L. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Roscoe Brown">Roscoe Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Campbell_(Tuskegee_Airman)" title="William A. Campbell (Tuskegee Airman)">William A. Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Carter_(pilot)" title="Herbert Carter (pilot)">Herbert Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Calvin_Cheatham_Jr." title="Eugene Calvin Cheatham Jr.">Eugene Calvin Cheatham Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Crenchaw" title="Milton Crenchaw">Milton Crenchaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemuel_R._Custis" title="Lemuel R. Custis">Lemuel R. Custis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Dart" title="Clarence Dart">Clarence Dart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonza_W._Davis" title="Alfonza W. Davis">Alfonza W. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_O._Davis_Jr." title="Benjamin O. Davis Jr.">Benjamin O. Davis Jr.</a> (C/O)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_DeBow" title="Charles DeBow">Charles DeBow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Deiz" title="Robert W. Deiz">Robert W. Deiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Derricotte" title="Gene Derricotte">Gene Derricotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Dickson" title="Lawrence Dickson">Lawrence Dickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elwood_T._Driver" title="Elwood T. Driver">Elwood T. Driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Dryden" title="Charles W. Dryden">Charles W. Dryden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_V._Eagleson" title="Wilson V. Eagleson">Wilson V. Eagleson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ellis_Edwards" title="John Ellis Edwards">John Ellis Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Elsberry" title="Joseph Elsberry">Joseph Elsberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Cassagnol" title="Raymond Cassagnol">Raymond Cassagnol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clayton_Flowers" title="James Clayton Flowers">James Clayton Flowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Freeman" title="Julius Freeman">Julius Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Friend_(pilot)" title="Robert Friend (pilot)">Robert Friend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_H._Fuller" title="Willie H. Fuller">Willie H. Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Gleed" title="Edward C. Gleed">Edward C. Gleed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gomer_(pilot)" title="Joseph Gomer (pilot)">Joseph Gomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Gorham" title="Alfred Gorham">Alfred Gorham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Goodall" title="Oliver Goodall">Oliver Goodall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_B._Hall" title="Charles B. Hall">Charles B. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_V._Haywood" title="Vernon V. Haywood">Vernon V. Haywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hardy_(Tuskegee_Airman)" title="George Hardy (Tuskegee Airman)">George Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_V._Haysbert" title="Raymond V. Haysbert">Raymond V. Haysbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Heath" title="Percy Heath">Percy Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Higginbotham" title="Mitchell Higginbotham">Mitchell Higginbotham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_James_Jr." title="Daniel James Jr.">Daniel "Chappie" James Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_C._Jamison" title="Clarence C. Jamison">Clarence C. Jamison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Jefferson" title="Alexander Jefferson">Alexander Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_C._Johnson" title="Carl C. Johnson">Carl C. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Harvey" title="James H. Harvey">James H. Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lee_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="William Lee Hill">William Lee Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Hudson" title="Lincoln Hudson">Lincoln Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Holloman" title="William H. Holloman">William H. Holloman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Iles" title="George J. Iles">George J. Iles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Johnson_Kelly" title="James Johnson Kelly">James Johnson Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Knighten" title="James B. Knighten">James B. Knighten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_L._Knox_II" title="George L. Knox II">George L. Knox II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_A._Lawson" title="Herman A. Lawson">Herman A. Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_I._Lawson" title="Walter I. Lawson">Walter I. Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_D._Lester" title="Clarence D. Lester">Clarence D. Lester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmore_B._Leonard" title="Wilmore B. Leonard">Wilmore B. Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lyle_(pilot)" title="John Lyle (pilot)">John Lyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Mann" title="Hiram Mann">Hiram Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Manning" title="Walter Manning">Walter Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Martin_(aviator)" title="Robert Martin (aviator)">Robert Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armour_G._McDaniel" title="Armour G. McDaniel">Armour G. McDaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_McGee_(pilot)" title="Charles McGee (pilot)">Charles McGee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_L._McCreary" title="Walter L. McCreary">Walter L. McCreary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mosley" title="John Mosley">John Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitzroy_Newsum" title="Fitzroy Newsum">Fitzroy Newsum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O._Plinton_Jr." title="James O. Plinton Jr.">James O. Plinton Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_O._Pruitt" title="Wendell O. Pruitt">Wendell O. Pruitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Purnell" title="Louis Purnell">Louis R. Purnell Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Price_D._Rice" title="Price D. Rice">Price D. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_E._Roberts" title="Lawrence E. Roberts">Lawrence E. Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Roberts" title="George S. Roberts">George S. Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_C._Robinson" title="Curtis C. Robinson">Curtis C. Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Edward_Robinson_Jr." title="Isaiah Edward Robinson Jr.">Isaiah Edward Robinson Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Rogers_Sr." title="John W. Rogers Sr.">John W. Rogers Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Ross" title="Mac Ross">Mac Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Searcy" title="Robert Searcy">Robert Searcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Showell" title="David Showell">David Showell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmeth_Sidat-Singh" title="Wilmeth Sidat-Singh">Wilmeth Sidat-Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Smith_(pilot)" title="Graham Smith (pilot)">Graham Smith (pilot)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Smith_(aviator)" title="Eugene Smith (aviator)">Eugene Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_J._Spann" title="Calvin J. Spann">Calvin J. Spann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Sport" title="Vernon Sport">Vernon Sport</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lowell Steward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Stewart,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Stewart, Jr.">Harry Stewart, Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Stone" title="Chuck Stone">Charles "Chuck" Stone Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Sutton" title="Percy Sutton">Percy Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alva_Temple" title="Alva Temple">Alva Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Terry" title="Roger Terry">Roger Terry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Theus" title="Lucius Theus">Lucius Theus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_L._Toppins" title="Edward L. Toppins">Edward L. Toppins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Tresville" title="Robert B. Tresville">Robert B. Tresville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_D._Turner" title="Andrew D. Turner">Andrew D. Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Alonzo_Walker" title="James Alonzo Walker">James A. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spann_Watson" title="Spann Watson">Spann Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_J._Weathers" title="Luke J. Weathers">Luke J. Weathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_W._White" title="Sherman W. White">Sherman W. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_T._Wiley" title="James T. Wiley">James T. Wiley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mal_Whitfield" title="Mal Whitfield">Malvin "Mal" Whitfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Lawton_Wilkerson" title="Oscar Lawton Wilkerson">Oscar Lawton Wilkerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancey_Williams" title="Yancey Williams">Yancey Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romeo_M._Williams" title="Romeo M. Williams">Romeo M. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wise_Jr." title="Henry Wise Jr.">Henry Wise Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleman_Young" title="Coleman Young">Coleman Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Freeman_Field_mutiny" title="Freeman Field mutiny">Freeman Field mutiny</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra" title="Bell P-39 Airacobra">Bell P-39 Airacobra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-40_Warhawk" title="Curtiss P-40 Warhawk">Curtiss P-40 Warhawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">North American B-25 Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">North American P-51 Mustang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt">Republic P-47 Thunderbolt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Fictional films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tuskegee_Airmen" title="The Tuskegee Airmen">The Tuskegee Airmen</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hart%27s_War" title="Hart's War">Hart's War</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Tails" title="Red Tails">Red Tails</a></i> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Red_Tail" title="Flight of the Red Tail">Flight of the Red Tail</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Tail_Reborn" title="Red Tail Reborn">Red Tail Reborn</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wings_for_This_Man" title="Wings for This Man">Wings for This Man</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fly_(play)" title="Fly (play)">Fly</a></i> (play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_Browne,_Farmer" title="Henry Browne, Farmer">Henry Browne, Farmer</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wingmen_(The_Boondocks)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wingmen (The Boondocks)">Wingmen</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing%E2%80%93Saab_T-7_Red_Hawk" title="Boeing–Saab T-7 Red Hawk">Boeing–Saab T-7 Red Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Tail_Squadron" title="Red Tail Squadron">Red Tail Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_University" title="Tuskegee University">Tuskegee University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuskegee_Airmen_National_Historic_Site" title="Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site">Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Edwards_Jr." title="Leslie Edwards Jr.">Leslie Edwards Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_DeFour" title="Wilfred DeFour">Wilfred DeFour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maycie_Herrington" title="Maycie Herrington">Maycie Herrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buford_A._Johnson" title="Buford A. Johnson">Buford A. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ellis_(Tuskegee_Airman)" title="Thomas Ellis (Tuskegee Airman)">Thomas Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Johnson_(Tuskegee_Airman)" title="Theodore Johnson (Tuskegee Airman)">Theodore Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noel_F._Parrish" title="Noel F. Parrish">Noel F. Parrish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_P._Reed" title="Wallace P. Reed">Wallace P. Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Rogers_(Tuskegee)" title="Willie Rogers (Tuskegee)">Willie Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Franklin_Vaughns" title="Thomas Franklin Vaughns">Thomas Franklin Vaughns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans" title="Military history of African Americans">African American military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Soldier" title="Buffalo Soldier">Buffalo Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Thirteen" title="Golden Thirteen">Golden Thirteen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/366th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)" title="366th Infantry Regiment (United States)">366th Infantry Regiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/761st_Tank_Battalion_(United_States)" title="761st Tank Battalion (United States)">U.S. Army Black Panthers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Colored_Troops" title="United States Colored Troops">United States Colored Troops</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Tuskegee_Airmen" title="Category:Tuskegee Airmen">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/16px-Aviacionavion.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/24px-Aviacionavion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/32px-Aviacionavion.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Aviation" title="Portal:Aviation">aviation portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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