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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="fr-FR" xml:lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8">  <title>Biographie de GEORGE ORWELL (1903-1950) - Encyclop忙dia Universalis</title> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" /> <meta name="generator" content="TYPO3 CMS" /> <meta name="description" content="Biographie de GEORGE ORWELL (1903-1950). Deux romans 茅crits dans les derni猫res ann茅es de sa vie ont 茅tabli pour longtemps la notori茅t茅 internationale de..." /> <meta name="robots" content="index, all, follow" /> <meta name="viewport" content="viewport-fit=cover, width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0" /> <meta name="author" content="Encyclop忙dia Universalis" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Biographie de GEORGE ORWELL (1903-1950)" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Biographie de GEORGE ORWELL (1903-1950). Deux romans 茅crits dans les derni猫res ann茅es de sa vie ont 茅tabli pour longtemps la notori茅t茅 internationale de George Orwell聽: Animal Farm ( La Ferme des animaux , 1945) et 1984 (1949). L'importance et le succ猫s de ces deux ouvrages, qui ont connu..." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/george-orwell/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="fr_FR" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Encyclop忙dia Universalis" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.universalis.fr/_web/static/icons/favicon.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="256" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="252" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Biographie de GEORGE ORWELL (1903-1950)" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Biographie de GEORGE ORWELL (1903-1950). Deux romans 茅crits dans les derni猫res ann茅es de sa vie ont 茅tabli pour longtemps la notori茅t茅 internationale de George Orwell聽: Animal Farm ( La Ferme des animaux , 1945) et 1984 (1949). 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Deux romans \u00e9crits dans les derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es de sa vie ont \u00e9tabli pour longtemps la notori\u00e9t\u00e9 internationale de George Orwell\u00a0: Animal Farm ( La Ferme des animaux , 1945) et 1984 (1949). L'importance et le succ\u00e8s de ces deux ouvrages, qui ont connu de m\u00e9diocres adaptations cin\u00e9matographiques, ont fait quelque peu \u00e9cran au reste de l'\u0153uvre et r\u00e9duit le profil de l'\u00e9crivain \u00e0 celui d'un brillant critique du socialisme et du totalitarisme , masquant ainsi l'\u00e9tendue et la rigueur d'une \u0153uvre aujourd'hui mieux connue et fr\u00e9quemment \u00e9tudi\u00e9e. 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href="/encyclopedie/george-orwell/"> 1. Romancier et t茅moin </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="ORWELL GEORGE (1903-1950), Des fables politiques" href="/encyclopedie/george-orwell/2-des-fables-politiques/"> 2. Des fables politiques </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="ORWELL GEORGE (1903-1950), Bibliographie" href="/encyclopedie/george-orwell/3-bibliographie/"> 3. Bibliographie </a> </li> </ul> <button class="btn btn-sm btn-universalis" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#free-toc" aria-expanded="false" title="Afficher / masquer le sommaire"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-fw fa-eye"></i> Sommaire </button> </div> <h1 class="mb-1"> <strong>ORWELL </strong><span class="pc">GEORGE </span><span class="label-sub"> (1903-1950)</span> </h1> <ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="content paged type-biographie" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yC072367_0"><i class="anchor" id="yC072367_0"></i><p>Deux romans 茅crits dans les derni猫res ann茅es de sa vie ont 茅tabli pour longtemps la notori茅t茅 internationale de George Orwell聽: <em>Animal </em><em>Farm</em><em></em>(<em>La Ferme des animaux</em>, 1945) et <em>1984</em> (1949). L'importance et le succ猫s de ces deux ouvrages, qui ont connu de m茅diocres adaptations cin茅matographiques, ont fait quelque peu 茅cran au reste de l'艙uvre et r茅duit le profil de l'茅crivain 脿 celui d'un brillant critique du socialisme et du <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Longtemps, la notion de totalitarisme a 茅t茅 associ茅e 脿 la p茅riode de la guerre froide et appliqu茅e au 芦聽bloc de l'Est聽禄, essentiellement 脿 l'U.R.S.S. Plus r茅cemment, son usage est devenu plus comparatiste pour d茅signer une forme de pouvoir enti猫rement nouvelle, absolue, ayant pour principale caract茅ristique de tendre 脿 la dissolution de la fronti猫re entre l' 脡tat et la s..." title="Article : TOTALITARISME" href="/encyclopedie/totalitarisme/">totalitarisme</a>, masquant ainsi l'茅tendue et la rigueur d'une 艙uvre aujourd'hui mieux connue et fr茅quemment 茅tudi茅e. Orwell a conquis la c茅l茅brit茅 un peu comme le simple continuateur, brillant, certes, et radical, d'une tradition d'anticipation pessimiste, celle des Zamiatine (<em>Nous autres</em>, 1924) et Huxley (<em>Le Meilleur des mondes</em>, 1932), qui 茅tait particuli猫rement cultiv茅e par les auteurs anglais depuis Chesterton (<em>Le Napol茅on de Notting Hill</em>, 1904) et Forster (<em>La machine s'arr锚te</em>, 1928). La r茅f茅rence premi猫re de l'茅crivain, toutefois, reste Jonathan Swift. Et ses deux livres sont ind茅pendants de toute tradition litt茅raire, y compris celle des 茅crivains sociaux qui l'ont pr茅c茅d茅 dans la vision d'un avenir sombre, comme le Jack London du <em>Talon de fer</em> (l'茅tude d'Orwell sur l'茅crivain, 茅crite en 1945, montre qu'il n'avait gu猫re d'estime pour ce roman). </p><div class="clearfix"></div><div class="media-container float-md-start me-2 col-md-3 text-center"><figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"><a data-ucode="PH170429" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="M茅dia : George Orwell" href="/media/george-orwell-ph170429/"><img id="PH170429" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/2/3/csm_ph170429_414913a698.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="George Orwell - cr茅dits : Ullstein Bild/ Getty Images" data-description="Paru en 1949, le roman d'anticipation 1984 de l'茅crivain britannique George Orwell est une critique v茅h茅mente des totalitarismes. Il est 茅galement exemplaire d'un genre qui marqua le xxe聽si猫cle, la contre-utopie." data-copyright="Ullstein Bild/ Getty Images" width="1024" height="790" /></a><figcaption class="figure-caption"><p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> George Orwell </p><p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Ullstein Bild/ Getty Images </p></figcaption></figure></div><p>Sa d茅marche trouve ses racines dans le r茅alisme social et le t茅moignage engag茅 qui ont fond茅 ses livres ant茅rieurs. Si l'猫re des nouvelles technologies de communication et de contr么le a fait la fortune des concepts forg茅s pour le roman <em>1984</em>, tels que 芦聽Big Brother聽禄, 芦聽Novlangue聽禄 ou 芦聽Police de la pens茅e聽禄, Orwell n'a fait que poursuivre avec logique et lucidit茅 un vaste projet de critique sociale et politique qui anime l'ensemble de ses 茅crits. <em>La Ferme des animaux</em> et <em>1984</em> ne peuvent se r茅sumer 脿 l'analyse du socialisme d茅voy茅 et du stalinisme, ni 脿 la critique des totalitarismes de son temps.</p><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yC072367_1"><i class="anchor" id="yC072367_1"></i><h2>Romancier et t茅moin</h2><p>Auteur inclassable, le jeune Eric Blair avait d茅cid茅 de devenir 茅crivain 脿 vingt-quatre ans, mais n'avait pu passer 脿 l'acte qu'au prix de l'inconfort mat茅riel, adoptant d猫s son premier livre le pseudonyme de George Orwell, d'apr猫s le nom d'une rivi猫re de la r茅gion o霉 il vivait. La conversion 脿 la litt茅rature se fait sous le signe d'une double rupture, sociologique et politique. N茅 le 25聽juin 1903 脿 Motihari, en Inde, au sein d'une famille qui a compt茅 plusieurs fonctionnaires et militaires d茅p锚ch茅s par le gouvernement anglais, il abandonna une carri猫re d茅j脿 entam茅e dans la police imp茅riale en Birmanie, trahissant les r猫gles et les pr茅ceptes de son milieu d'origine pour l'aventure des petits emplois manuels 脿 Paris et du vagabondage de la mis猫re en Angleterre, avant de se lancer dans le journalisme 鈥撀爌our ne vivre de sa plume que dans les derni猫res ann茅es de sa vie. Son premier livre est le reflet direct de son exp茅rience de la pauvret茅聽: <em>Down and Out in Paris and London</em> (<em>Dans la d猫che 脿 Paris et 脿 Londres</em>, 1933). Ses anciennes fonctions en Birmanie nourrissent <em>Burmese</em><em> Days</em> (<em>Une histoire birmane</em>), publi茅 d'abord aux 脡tats-Unis, par pr茅caution, en 1934聽; 芦聽drame colonial聽禄, r茅quisitoire anti-imp茅rialiste, c'est un peu l'histoire de l'homme qu'aurait pu devenir Orwell s'il 茅tait rest茅 aux Indes, dans la contradiction entre haine de l'exploitation coloniale et compromission.</p><p>D猫s lors, Orwell publie un livre par an jusqu'en 1941, dont seulement trois romans. <em>The Road to Wigan Pier </em>(<em>Le Quai de Wigan</em>) est une commande d'un 茅diteur de gauche qui encourageait le d茅veloppement de cercles politicolitt茅raires dans le pays depuis 1936. Orwell y collabore malgr茅 son opposition 脿 la ligne politique de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Depuis le d茅but des ann茅es 1930, la France est confront茅e 脿 une crise multiforme, 脿 la fois 茅conomique, politique, sociale et morale, marqu茅e par une profonde d茅pression, une pouss茅e du ch么mage, une chute des revenus, une perte de confiance dans la d茅mocratie parlementaire et une impuissance des gouvernements successifs, de gauche et de droite, 脿 redresser la situation. C'est pou..." title="Article : FRONT POPULAIRE" href="/encyclopedie/front-populaire/">Front populaire</a> divulgu茅e par ces cercles.<a href="javascript:" title="Lire la suite" class="read-more ms-1">[...]</a></p></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="folio-block"><p class="folio-block-title text-center text-uc"><strong>La suite de cet article est accessible aux abonn茅s</strong></p><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Des contenus vari茅s, complets et fiables</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Accessible sur tous les 茅crans</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Pas de publicit茅</li></ul><p class="text-center"><a href="/abonnement/" class="btn btn-cta text-uc" id="folio-button" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="Block bottom">D茅couvrez nos offres </a></p><p class="text-center text-sm"> D茅j脿 abonn茅 ? <a href="/identification/" id="folio-login">Se connecter</a></p></div><div id="ad_mpuslot" class="pub-container text-center"><div class="pub-placeholder"></div></div><section class="mt-3 mb-5"><i class="anchor" id="C072367_AUTHORS"></i><p class="title-minor">脡crit par</p><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="SAUVAGET, Daniel"><a title="Auteur : Daniel SAUVAGET" rel="author" href="/auteurs/daniel-sauvaget/"><strong>Daniel SAUVAGET</strong></a> : 茅conomiste, critique de cin茅ma </li></ul></section><section class="mb-5"><div class="text-center mb-3 d-print-none"><a class="d-inline-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : ORWELL GEORGE (1903-1950)" href="/carte-mentale/george-orwell/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> 脡largissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yC072367_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Litt茅ratures" href="/classification/litteratures/"> Litt茅ratures </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : 脡crivains" href="/classification/litteratures/ecrivains/"> 脡crivains </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : 脡crivains europ茅ens" href="/classification/litteratures/ecrivains/ecrivains-europeens/"> 脡crivains europ茅ens </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="脡crivains anglais"> <a title="Classification : 脡crivains anglais" href="/classification/litteratures/ecrivains/ecrivains-europeens/ecrivains-anglais/"> 脡crivains anglais </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none"> <i class="anchor" id="yC072367_MEDIAS"></i> <p class="title-minor">M茅dia</p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-12 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH170429" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="M茅dia : George Orwell" href="/media/george-orwell-ph170429/"> <img id="PH170429" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/2/3/csm_ph170429_414913a698.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="George Orwell - cr茅dits : Ullstein Bild/ Getty Images" data-description="Paru en 1949, le roman d'anticipation 1984 de l'茅crivain britannique George Orwell est une critique v茅h茅mente des totalitarismes. Il est 茅galement exemplaire d'un genre qui marqua le xxe聽si猫cle, la contre-utopie." data-copyright="Ullstein Bild/ Getty Images" width="1024" height="790" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> George Orwell </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Ullstein Bild/ Getty Images </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yC072367_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres r茅f茅rences</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/la-ferme-des-animaux/"> <span class="rg">LA FERME DES ANIMAUX, </span><span class="rm">George Orwell - Fiche de lecture</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">脡crit par <span rel="author">Guy BELZANE</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 636 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p><em>La Ferme des animaux </em>(<em>Animal </em><em>F</em><em>arm</em><em>. </em><em>A</em><em></em><em>Fairy</em><em> Story</em>, en anglais)<em></em>est un roman de l鈥櫭ヽrivain britannique <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de GEORGE ORWELL (1903-1950). Deux romans 茅crits dans les derni猫res ann茅es de sa vie ont 茅tabli pour longtemps la notori茅t茅 internationale de George Orwell聽: Animal Farm ( La Ferme des animaux , 1945) et 1984 (1949). L'importance et le succ猫s de ces deux ouvrages, qui ont connu de m茅diocres adaptations cin茅matographiques, ont fait quelque peu 茅cran au reste de l'艙uvre ..." title="Article : GEORGE ORWELL (1903-1950)" href="/encyclopedie/george-orwell/">George Orwell</a> (1903-1950), de son vrai nom Eric Arthur Blair, publi茅脿 Londres en ao没t 1945. Le livre a 茅t茅 traduit pour la premi猫re fois en fran莽ais, en 1947, sous le titre <em>Les Animaux ...</em></p> </div> </li> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/1984-livre-de-george-orwell/"> <span class="rg">1984, </span><span class="rm">George Orwell - Fiche de lecture</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">脡crit par <span rel="author">Jean yves GU脡RIN</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 042 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 m茅dia </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : 1984, George Orwell - Fiche de lecture" href="/encyclopedie/1984-livre-de-george-orwell/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="George Orwell - cr茅dits : Ullstein Bild/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/2/3/csm_ph170429_6a2b9bb5b1.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> En 1949, peu avant sa mort, George Orwell (1903-1950) publie <em>1984</em>, o霉 il transpose sur le mode romanesque des donn茅es emprunt茅es 脿 l'histoire sovi茅tique mais aussi anglaise. L'action du roman se d茅roule 脿 Londres en 1984. La ville est devenue la capitale d'une Oceania totalitaire, o霉 r猫gne en ma卯tre...</p> </div> </li> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/anglais-art-et-culture-litterature/#c39601"> <span class="rg">ANGLAIS (ART ET CULTURE) - </span><span class="rm">Littérature</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">脡crit par <span rel="author">Elisabeth ANGEL-PEREZ</span> , <span rel="author">Jacques DARRAS</span> , <span rel="author">Jean GATT脡GNO</span> , <span rel="author">Vanessa GUIGNERY</span> , <span rel="author">Christine JORDIS</span> , <span rel="author">Ann LECERCLE</span> et <span rel="author">Mario PRAZ</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">28 170 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">30 m茅dias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : ANGLAIS (ART ET CULTURE) - Litt&eacute;rature" href="/encyclopedie/anglais-art-et-culture-litterature/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="James Joyce - cr茅dits : Hulton-Deutsch Collection/ Corbis Historical/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/0/2/csm_ph991548_c6047f2b8b.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...d'agir sur l'Histoire, d'acc茅der 脿 une conscience politique, comme en t茅moignent les pr茅occupations d'engagement et de solidarit茅 dans les 艙uvres de George Orwell, Graham Greene, <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de CHRISTOPHER ISHERWOOD (1904-1986). N茅 en 1904 dans une vieille famille anglaise, Christopher Isherwood entre au coll猫ge de Corpus Christi et y rencontre deux po猫tes qui resteront ses amis聽: Stephen Spender et Wystan Hugh Auden . Avec eux, il voyage en Europe, puis s'installe 脿 Berlin jusqu'脿 l'arriv茅e au pouvoir du nazisme, en 1933. La publication de son premier roman, Tou..." title="Article : CHRISTOPHER ISHERWOOD (1904-1986)" href="/encyclopedie/christopher-isherwood/">Christopher Isherwood</a> ou Edward Upward. Reportages, autobiographies ou journaux (<em>A Berlin Diary</em>, 1930聽; <em>The Road to Wigan Pier...</em> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/brazil/#c39601"> <span class="rg">BRAZIL, </span><span class="rm">film de Terry Gilliam</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">脡crit par <span rel="author">Laurent JULLIER</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">949 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <em>Brazil</em> a failli s'appeler <em><a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="En 1949, peu avant sa mort, George Orwell (1903-1950) publie 1984 , o霉 il transpose sur le mode romanesque des donn茅es emprunt茅es 脿 l'histoire sovi茅tique mais aussi anglaise. L'action du roman se d茅roule 脿 Londres en 1984. La ville est devenue la capitale d'une Oceania totalitaire, o霉 r猫gne en ma卯tre le chef incontest茅 du Parti, Big Brother.. Dans 1984 , le Parti int茅rieur, que perso..." title="Article : 1984" href="/encyclopedie/1984-livre-de-george-orwell/">1984</a> 1/2</em>, un titre qui le pla莽ait sous les auspices d'Orwell et de Fellini. 脌 <em>1984</em> (publi茅 en 1949), il emprunte en effet le cadre narratif d'une soci茅t茅茅crasante aux citoyens sous haute surveillance permanente, et avec <em>Huit et demi</em> (<em>Otto e mezzo</em>, 1962)... </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/le-phenomene-et-son-ombre-de-la-decence-ordinaire/"> <span class="rg">LE PHÉNOMÈNE ET SON OMBRE </span><span class="rm">et</span><span class="rg"> DE LA DÉCENCE ORDINAIRE </span><span class="rm">(B. Bégout) - Fiche de lecture</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">脡crit par <span rel="author">Francis WYBRANDS</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">948 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Si tout le mouvement ph茅nom茅nologique inaugur茅 par Husserl s'est voulu un 芦聽retour aux choses m锚mes聽禄, force est de constater 脿 la suite des travaux de Bruce B茅gout que la 芦聽r茅alit茅 quotidienne聽禄 ou le 芦聽monde de la vie聽禄 n'ont pas fait l'objet de recherches syst茅matiques. Ses deux ouvrages, ...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/utopie/#c39601"> <span class="rg">UTOPIE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">脡crit par <span rel="author">Henri DESROCHE</span> , <span rel="author">Joseph GABEL</span> et <span rel="author">Antoine PICON</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">12 040 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">2 m茅dias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : UTOPIE" href="/encyclopedie/utopie/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="<it>Vue en perspective de la ville de Chaux</it>, C.聽N.聽Ledoux - cr茅dits : AKG-images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/f/5/csm_pa085303_ef4b57a48a.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...un sympt么me, alors que la contre-utopie est une caricature.) Les deux exemples les plus marquants sont <em>Le Meilleur des mondes </em>de Huxley et <em>1984 </em>d' Orwell, sans oublier les pr茅curseurs聽: Swift et le Russe Zamiatine. 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