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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bidang-bidang_fisiologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bidang-bidang_fisiologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bidang-bidang fisiologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bidang-bidang_fisiologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fisiologi_hewan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisiologi_hewan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Fisiologi hewan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisiologi_hewan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fisiologi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 115 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-115" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">115 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologie" title="Fisiologie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fisiologie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiologie" title="Physiologie – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Physiologie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisioloch%C3%ADa" title="Fisiolochía – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fisiolochía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="शरीर क्रिया विज्ञान – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="शरीर क्रिया विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%B8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="علم وظائف الأعضاء – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم وظائف الأعضاء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="فيسيولوجيا – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيسيولوجيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="শৰীৰতত্ত্ব – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="শৰীৰতত্ত্ব" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiolox%C3%ADa" title="Fisioloxía – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fisioloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziologiya" title="Fiziologiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fiziologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C" title="فیزیولوژی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فیزیولوژی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Физиология – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Физиология" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Фізіялогія – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фізіялогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Фізыялёгія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фізыялёгія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Физиология – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Физиология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="শারীরতত্ত্ব – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শারীরতত্ত্ব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziologija" title="Fiziologija – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fiziologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologia" title="Fisiologia – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fisiologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%95ng-l%C4%AB" title="Sĕng-lī – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sĕng-lī" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C" title="فیزیۆلۆژی – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فیزیۆلۆژی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyziologie" title="Fyziologie – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fyziologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffisioleg" title="Ffisioleg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffisioleg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysiologi" title="Fysiologi – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fysiologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiologie" title="Physiologie – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Physiologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Φυσιολογία – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φυσιολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Physiology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziologio" title="Fiziologio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fiziologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiolog%C3%ADa" title="Fisiología – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fisiología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCsioloogia" title="Füsioloogia – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Füsioloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologia" title="Fisiologia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fisiologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C" title="فیزیولوژی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیزیولوژی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysiologia" title="Fysiologia – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fysiologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiologie" title="Physiologie – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Physiologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysiology" title="Fysiology – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fysiology" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiseola%C3%ADocht" title="Fiseolaíocht – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fiseolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiolox%C3%ADa" title="Fisioloxía – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fisioloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyshoaylleeaght" title="Fyshoaylleeaght – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Fyshoaylleeaght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="פיזיולוגיה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיזיולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="शरीरक्रिया विज्ञान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शरीरक्रिया विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziologija" title="Fiziologija – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fiziologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lettan" title="Élettan – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Élettan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ֆիզիոլոգիա – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆիզիոլոգիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiologia" title="Physiologia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Physiologia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziologio" title="Fiziologio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fiziologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADfe%C3%B0lisfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Lífeðlisfræði – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lífeðlisfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologia" title="Fisiologia – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fisiologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生理学 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="生理学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Fisiologi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ფიზიოლოგია – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფიზიოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Физиология – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Физиология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="សរីរវិទ្យា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សរីរវិទ្យា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಶರೀರಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಶರೀರಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="생리학 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생리학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="فزیالوجی – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="فزیالوجی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizyoloj%C3%AE" title="Fizyolojî – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Fizyolojî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnasonieth" title="Gnasonieth – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Gnasonieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Физиология – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Физиология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiologia" title="Physiologia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Physiologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiolojia" title="Fisiolojia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Fisiolojia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysiologie" title="Fysiologie – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Fysiologie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixiologia" title="Fixiologia – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Fixiologia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziologija" title="Fiziologija – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fiziologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziolo%C4%A3ija" title="Fizioloģija – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fizioloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Физиологиясь – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Физиологиясь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Физиологий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Физиологий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Fisiologi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Физиологија – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Физиологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF" title="ഫിസിയോളജി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫിസിയോളജി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="शरीरक्रियाशास्त्र – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शरीरक्रियाशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fisiologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%99%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဇီဝကမ္မဗေဒ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဇီဝကမ္မဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiologie" title="Physiologie – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Physiologie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysiologie" title="Fysiologie – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fysiologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysiologi" title="Fysiologi – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fysiologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysiologi" title="Fysiologi – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fysiologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologia" title="Fisiologia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Fisiologia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologia" title="Fisiologia – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fisiologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiiziyoloojii(xinqaama)" title="Fiiziyoloojii(xinqaama) – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Fiiziyoloojii(xinqaama)" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizjologia" title="Fizjologia – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fizjologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="فزیالوجی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فزیالوجی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologia" title="Fisiologia – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fisiologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziologie" title="Fiziologie – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fiziologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Физиология – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Физиология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Физиология – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Физиология" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Физиология – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Физиология" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiolugg%C3%ACa" title="Fisioluggìa – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Fisioluggìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Physiology" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziologija" title="Fiziologija – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fiziologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiology" title="Physiology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Physiology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyziol%C3%B3gia" title="Fyziológia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fyziológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziologija" title="Fiziologija – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fiziologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruambamuta" title="Ruambamuta – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ruambamuta" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziologjia" title="Fiziologjia – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fiziologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Физиологија – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Физиологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Fisiologi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysiologi" title="Fysiologi – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fysiologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziolojia" title="Fiziolojia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Fiziolojia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="உடலியங்கியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உடலியங்கியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Физиология – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Физиология" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="สรีรวิทยา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สรีรวิทยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisyolohiya" title="Pisyolohiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pisyolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizyoloji" title="Fizyoloji – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fizyoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Физиология – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Физиология" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Фізіологія – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фізіологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="فعلیات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فعلیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziologiya" title="Fiziologiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fiziologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizio%C5%82oz%C3%ACa" title="Fiziołozìa – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fiziołozìa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinh_l%C3%BD_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Sinh lý học – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sinh lý học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziolodjeye" title="Fiziolodjeye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Fiziolodjeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisyolohiya" title="Pisyolohiya – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pisyolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生理学 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="生理学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ფიზიოლოგია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფიზიოლოგია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2" title="פיזיאלאגיע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פיזיאלאגיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生理学 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="生理学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seng-l%C3%AD-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Seng-lí-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Seng-lí-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="生理學 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="生理學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q521#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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href="/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fisiologi"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Fisiologi" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Fisiologi" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi&oldid=26154532" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Fisiologi&id=26154532&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFisiologi"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFisiologi"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Fisiologi"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Fisiologi&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Physiology" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q521" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Claude_Bernard_and_his_pupils._Oil_painting_after_L%C3%A9on-Augus_Wellcome_V0017769.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Claude_Bernard_and_his_pupils._Oil_painting_after_L%C3%A9on-Augus_Wellcome_V0017769.jpg/330px-Claude_Bernard_and_his_pupils._Oil_painting_after_L%C3%A9on-Augus_Wellcome_V0017769.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Claude_Bernard_and_his_pupils._Oil_painting_after_L%C3%A9on-Augus_Wellcome_V0017769.jpg/495px-Claude_Bernard_and_his_pupils._Oil_painting_after_L%C3%A9on-Augus_Wellcome_V0017769.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Claude_Bernard_and_his_pupils._Oil_painting_after_L%C3%A9on-Augus_Wellcome_V0017769.jpg/660px-Claude_Bernard_and_his_pupils._Oil_painting_after_L%C3%A9on-Augus_Wellcome_V0017769.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1631" data-file-height="1288" /></a><figcaption>Lukisan cat minyak yang menggambarkan <a href="/wiki/Claude_Bernard" title="Claude Bernard">Claude 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse" style="border:2px solid #DDDDFF"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ilmu" title="Kategori:Ilmu">seri</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#DDDDFF;font-size:175%;font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Ilmu" title="Ilmu">Ilmu Pengetahuan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:PrirodneNauke.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/PrirodneNauke.png/100px-PrirodneNauke.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/PrirodneNauke.png 1.5x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#F8F9FA;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#DDDDFF;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_formal" title="Ilmu formal">Formal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logika" title="Logika">Logika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">Matematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logika_matematika" title="Logika matematika">Logika matematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistika_matematika" title="Statistika matematika">Statistika matematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_komputer_teoretis" title="Ilmu komputer teoretis">Ilmu komputer teoretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_permainan" title="Teori permainan">Teori permainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_keputusan" title="Teori keputusan">Teori keputusan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_aktuaria" title="Ilmu aktuaria">Ilmu aktuaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_informasi" title="Teori informasi">Teori informasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_sistem" title="Teori sistem">Teori sistem</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#F8F9FA;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#DDDDFF;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_fisik" title="Ilmu fisik">Fisikal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b><a href="/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika">Fisika</a></b><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_klasik" title="Fisika klasik">Fisika klasik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_modern" title="Fisika modern">Fisika modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_terapan" title="Fisika terapan">Fisika terapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_komputasi" title="Fisika komputasi">Fisika komputasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_atom" title="Fisika atom">Fisika atom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_nuklir" title="Fisika nuklir">Fisika nuklir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_partikel" title="Fisika partikel">Fisika partikel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_eksperimental" title="Fisika eksperimental">Fisika eksperimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_teori" title="Fisika teori">Fisika teori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_benda_terkondensasi" title="Fisika benda terkondensasi">Fisika benda terkondensasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika" title="Mekanika">Mekanika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_klasik" title="Mekanika klasik">Mekanika klasik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum">Mekanika kuantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kontinuum" title="Mekanika kontinuum">Mekanika kontinuum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheologi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rheologi">Rheologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_benda_padat" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekanika benda padat">Mekanika benda padat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_fluida" title="Mekanika fluida">Mekanika fluida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasma_(wujud_zat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasma (wujud zat)">Fisika plasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika">Termodinamika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativitas_umum" title="Relativitas umum">Relativitas umum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativitas_khusus" title="Relativitas khusus">Relativitas khusus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_dawai" title="Teori dawai">Teori dawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_medan_kuantum" title="Teori medan kuantum">Teori medan kuantum</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia">Kimia</a></b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reaksi_asam_basa" class="mw-redirect" title="Reaksi asam basa">Reaksi asam basa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkimia" title="Alkimia">Alkimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_analitik" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimia analitik">Kimia analitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrokimia" title="Astrokimia">Astrokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">Biokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristalografi" title="Kristalografi">Kristalografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_lingkungan" title="Kimia lingkungan">Kimia lingkungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_pangan" title="Kimia pangan">Kimia pangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geokimia" title="Geokimia">Geokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_hijau" title="Kimia hijau">Kimia hijau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_anorganik" title="Kimia anorganik">Kimia anorganik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_material" title="Teknik material">Ilmu bahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_molekuler" title="Fisika molekuler">Fisika molekuler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_nuklir" title="Kimia nuklir">Kimia nuklir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_organik" title="Kimia organik">Kimia organik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotokimia" title="Fotokimia">Fotokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_fisik" title="Kimia fisik">Kimia fisik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiokimia" title="Radiokimia">Radiokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_benda_padat" title="Kimia benda padat">Kimia benda padat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereokimia" title="Stereokimia">Stereokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_supramolekul" title="Kimia supramolekul">Kimia supramolekul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_permukaan" title="Ilmu permukaan">Ilmu permukaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_teori" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimia teori">Kimia teori</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi">Astronomi</a></b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrofisika" title="Astrofisika">Astrofisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmologi" title="Kosmologi">Kosmologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomi_galaksi" title="Astronomi galaksi">Astronomi galaksi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geologi_planet" title="Geologi planet">Geologi planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_keplanetan" title="Ilmu keplanetan">Ilmu keplanetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomi_bintang" title="Astronomi bintang">Astronomi bintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomi_radio" title="Astronomi radio">Astronomi radio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Instrumentasi_astronomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Instrumentasi astronomi (halaman belum tersedia)">Instrumentasi astronomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiologi" title="Astrobiologi">Astrobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrogeologi" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrogeologi">Astrogeologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrometri" title="Astrometri">Astrometri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkeoastronomi" title="Arkeoastronomi">Arkeoastronomi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astroarkeologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astroarkeologi (halaman belum tersedia)">Astroarkeologi</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_bumi" class="mw-disambig" title="Ilmu bumi">Ilmu bumi</a></b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meteorologi" title="Meteorologi">Meteorologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klimatologi" title="Klimatologi">Klimatologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">Ekologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_lingkungan" title="Ilmu lingkungan">Ilmu lingkungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geodesi" title="Geodesi">Geodesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi">Geologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomorfologi" title="Geomorfologi">Geomorfologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geofisika" title="Geofisika">Geofisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasiologi" title="Glasiologi">Glasiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidrologi" title="Hidrologi">Hidrologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnologi" title="Limnologi">Limnologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oseanografi" title="Oseanografi">Oseanografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoklimatologi" title="Paleoklimatologi">Paleoklimatologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoekologi" title="Paleoekologi">Paleoekologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palinologi" title="Palinologi">Palinologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedologi" title="Pedologi">Pedologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edafologi" title="Edafologi">Edafologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geografi_fisik" title="Geografi fisik">Geografi fisik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_luar_angkasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmu luar angkasa (halaman belum tersedia)">Ilmu luar angkasa</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#F8F9FA;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#DDDDFF;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_hayati" title="Ilmu hayati">Hayati</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b><a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">Biologi</a></b><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi">Anatomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiologi" title="Astrobiologi">Astrobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biofisika" title="Biofisika">Biofisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi">Biogeografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">Biokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_evolusioner" title="Biologi evolusioner">Biologi evolusioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_kelautan" title="Biologi kelautan">Biologi kelautan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_konservasi" title="Biologi konservasi">Biologi konservasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_molekuler" title="Biologi molekuler">Biologi molekuler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan">Biologi perkembangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_sel" title="Biologi sel">Biologi sel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_tanah" title="Biologi tanah">Biologi tanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biopsikologi" title="Biopsikologi">Biopsikologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioteknologi" title="Bioteknologi">Bioteknologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botani" title="Botani">Botani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">Ekologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etnobiologi" title="Etnobiologi">Etnobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etologi" title="Etologi">Etologi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fisiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">Genetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontologi" title="Gerontologi">Gerontologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imunologi" title="Imunologi">Imunologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriobiologi" title="Kriobiologi">Kriobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnologi" title="Limnologi">Limnologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikrobiologi" title="Mikrobiologi">Mikrobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_syaraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilmu syaraf">Ilmu syaraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontologi" title="Paleontologi">Paleontologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasitologi" title="Parasitologi">Parasitologi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radiobiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radiobiologi (halaman belum tersedia)">Radiobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistematika" title="Sistematika">Sistematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosiobiologi" title="Sosiobiologi">Sosiobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_biologis" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknik biologis">Teknik biologis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toksikologi" title="Toksikologi">Toksikologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi">Zoologi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#F8F9FA;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#DDDDFF;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_sosial" title="Ilmu sosial">Sosial</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antropologi" title="Antropologi">Antropologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi">Arkeologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriminologi" title="Kriminologi">Kriminologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demografi" title="Demografi">Demografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi" title="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendidikan" title="Pendidikan">Pendidikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geografi_manusia" title="Geografi manusia">Geografi manusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubungan_internasional" title="Hubungan internasional">Hubungan internasional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukum" title="Hukum">Hukum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistik" title="Linguistik">Linguistik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_politik" title="Ilmu politik">Ilmu politik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psikologi" title="Psikologi">Psikologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosiologi" title="Sosiologi">Sosiologi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#F8F9FA;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#DDDDFF;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_terapan" title="Ilmu terapan">Terapan</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b><a href="/wiki/Teknik" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknik">Teknik dan rekayasa</a></b><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_biomedis" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknik biomedis">Biomedis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_kedirgantaraan" title="Teknik kedirgantaraan">Dirgantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekayasa_genetika" class="mw-redirect" title="Rekayasa genetika">Genetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_komputer" title="Ilmu komputer">Ilmu komputer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_industri" title="Teknik industri">Industri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_kimia" title="Teknik kimia">Kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_komputer" title="Teknik komputer">Komputer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_listrik" title="Teknik listrik">Listrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_mesin" title="Teknik mesin">Mesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeni" title="Zeni">Militer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_nuklir" title="Teknik nuklir">Nuklir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekayasa_perangkat_lunak" title="Rekayasa perangkat lunak">Perangkat lunak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_perlindungan_kebakaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknik perlindungan kebakaran">Perlindungan kebakaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_pertambangan" title="Teknik pertambangan">Pertambangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_pertanian" title="Teknik pertanian">Pertanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riset_operasi" title="Riset operasi">Riset operasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robotika" title="Robotika">Robotika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_sipil" title="Teknik sipil">Sipil</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_kesehatan" title="Ilmu kesehatan">Ilmu kesehatan</a></b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiologi" title="Epidemiologi">Epidemiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmasi" title="Farmasi">Farmasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedokteran" title="Kedokteran">Kedokteran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedokteran_gigi" title="Kedokteran gigi">Kedokteran gigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedokteran_hewan" title="Kedokteran hewan">Kedokteran hewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keperawatan" title="Keperawatan">Keperawatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perawatan_kesehatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Perawatan kesehatan">Perawatan kesehatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_biologis" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknik biologis">Teknik biologis</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#F8F9FA;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#DDDDFF;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Antardisiplin" title="Antardisiplin">Antardisiplin</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_terapan" title="Fisika terapan">Fisika terapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kecerdasan_buatan" title="Kecerdasan buatan">Kecerdasan buatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioetika" title="Bioetika">Bioetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioinformatika" title="Bioinformatika">Bioinformatika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_biomedis" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknik biomedis">Teknik biomedis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biostatistika" title="Biostatistika">Biostatistika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_kognitif" title="Ilmu kognitif">Ilmu kognitif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistem_kompleks" title="Sistem kompleks">Sistem kompleks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistik_komputasi" title="Linguistik komputasi">Linguistik komputasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studi_budaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studi budaya (halaman belum tersedia)">Studi budaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibernetika" title="Sibernetika">Sibernetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_lingkungan" title="Ilmu lingkungan">Ilmu lingkungan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_sosial_lingkungan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmu sosial lingkungan (halaman belum tersedia)">Ilmu sosial lingkungan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studi_lingkungan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studi lingkungan (halaman belum tersedia)">Studi lingkungan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studi_etnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studi etnik (halaman belum tersedia)">Studi etnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psikologi_evolusioner" title="Psikologi evolusioner">Psikologi evolusioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kehutanan" title="Kehutanan">Kehutanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesehatan" title="Kesehatan">Kesehatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_perpustakaan" title="Ilmu perpustakaan">Ilmu perpustakaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_matematika_dan_teori" title="Biologi matematika dan teori">Biologi matematika dan teori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_matematika" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisika matematika">Fisika matematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_militer" title="Ilmu militer">Ilmu militer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_jaringan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmu jaringan (halaman belum tersedia)">Ilmu jaringan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknik_syaraf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknik syaraf (halaman belum tersedia)">Teknik syaraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_syaraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilmu syaraf">Ilmu syaraf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kajian_ilmu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kajian ilmu (halaman belum tersedia)">Kajian ilmu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu,_teknologi,_dan_masyarakat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmu, teknologi, dan masyarakat (halaman belum tersedia)">Ilmu, teknologi, dan masyarakat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permodelan_ilmiah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permodelan ilmiah (halaman belum tersedia)">Permodelan ilmiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiotika" title="Semiotika">Semiotika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosiobiologi" title="Sosiobiologi">Sosiobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistika" title="Statistika">Statistika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_sistem" title="Ilmu sistem">Ilmu sistem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transdisiplineritas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transdisiplineritas (halaman belum tersedia)">Transdisiplineritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perencanaan_kota" class="mw-redirect" title="Perencanaan kota">Perencanaan kota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_web" title="Ilmu web">Ilmu web</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#F8F9FA;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#DDDDFF;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Filosofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Filosofi">Filosofi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sejarah" title="Sejarah">Sejarah</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penelitian_murni" title="Penelitian murni">Penelitian murni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_masyarakat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmu masyarakat (halaman belum tersedia)">Ilmu masyarakat</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fringe_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fringe science (halaman belum tersedia)">Fringe science</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_ilmu" title="Sejarah ilmu">Sejarah ilmu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filosofi_ilmu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filosofi ilmu (halaman belum tersedia)">Filosofi ilmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protosains" title="Protosains">Protosains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_semu" title="Ilmu semu">Pseudosains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebebasan_akademik" title="Kebebasan akademik">Kebebasan akademik</a></li> <li><b>Sains</b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebijakan_ilmiah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebijakan ilmiah (halaman belum tersedia)">Kebijakan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendanaan_ilmiah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendanaan ilmiah (halaman belum tersedia)">Pendanaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metode_ilmiah" title="Metode ilmiah">Metode</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosiologi_ilmu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sosiologi ilmu (halaman belum tersedia)">Sosiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknosains&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknosains (halaman belum tersedia)">Teknosains</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Colloidal_nanoparticle_of_lead_sulfide_(selenide)_with_complete_passivation.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Colloidal_nanoparticle_of_lead_sulfide_%28selenide%29_with_complete_passivation.png/16px-Colloidal_nanoparticle_of_lead_sulfide_%28selenide%29_with_complete_passivation.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Colloidal_nanoparticle_of_lead_sulfide_%28selenide%29_with_complete_passivation.png/24px-Colloidal_nanoparticle_of_lead_sulfide_%28selenide%29_with_complete_passivation.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Colloidal_nanoparticle_of_lead_sulfide_%28selenide%29_with_complete_passivation.png/32px-Colloidal_nanoparticle_of_lead_sulfide_%28selenide%29_with_complete_passivation.png 2x" data-file-width="1801" data-file-height="1643" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ilmu" title="Portal:Ilmu">Portal Ilmu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_category_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Category"><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ilmu" title="Kategori:Ilmu">Kategori</a></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Ilmu" title="Templat:Ilmu"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Ilmu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Ilmu (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Ilmu&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Fisiologi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Kata_serapan_dalam_bahasa_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kata serapan dalam bahasa Indonesia">serapan</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Belanda" title="Bahasa Belanda">bahasa Belanda</a>: <span lang="nl"><i>fysiologie</i></span>) atau <b>ilmu faal</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Kata_serapan_dalam_bahasa_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kata serapan dalam bahasa Indonesia">serapan</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab</a>: <span lang="ar">فَعْل</span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><abbr title="transliterasi">translit.</abbr> </span><i><span title="Arab-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">faʿl</i></span></i>) adalah salah satu dari <a href="/wiki/Cabang-cabang_biologi" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabang-cabang biologi">cabang-cabang biologi</a> yang mempelajari berlangsungnya sistem <a href="/wiki/Kehidupan" title="Kehidupan">kehidupan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Istilah fisiologi berasal dari kata dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">bahasa Yunani</a> yaitu <i>physis</i> dan <i>logos</i> yang berarti alam dan cerita. Metode ilmiah yang digunakan dalam fisiologi bertujuan untuk mempelajari fungsi fisika dan kimia dari biomolekul, sel, jaringan, organ, sistem organ, dan organisme secara keseluruhan. Kajian mengenai fisiologi dimulai ketika ahli anatomi William Harvey menjelaskan adanya sirkulasi darah pada abad ke-17 Masehi. Fisiologi kemudian menjadi sebuah disiplin ilmiah melalui buku teks berjudul <i>Institutiones Medicae</i> (1708) yang ditulis dan diajarkan oleh Herman Boerhaave di Leiden. Fisiologi tidak memperdulikan jenis makhluk hidup yang dipelajari.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Istilah "fisiologi" dipinjam dari bahasa Belanda, <i>physiologie</i>, yang dibentuk dari dua kata <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani">Yunani</a> Kuno: φύσις, <i>physis</i>, berarti "asal-usul" atau "hakikat" dan λογία, <i>logia</i>, yang berarti "kajian". Istilah "faal" diambil dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab</a>, berarti "pertanda", "fungsi", "kerja". Fisiologi merupakan salah satu bidang ilmu yang menjadi objek pemberian <a href="/wiki/Penghargaan_Nobel" title="Penghargaan Nobel">Penghargaan Nobel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Penghargaan_Nobel_dalam_Fisiologi_atau_Kedokteran" class="mw-redirect" title="Penghargaan Nobel dalam Fisiologi atau Kedokteran">Penghargaan Nobel dalam Fisiologi atau Kedokteran</a>) </p><p>Ilmu-ilmu lain telah berkembang dari fisiologi mengingat ilmu ini sudah cukup tua. Beberapa turunan yang penting adalah <a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">biokimia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biofisika" title="Biofisika">biofisika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biomekanika" title="Biomekanika">biomekanika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genetika_sel" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetika sel">genetika sel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farmakologi" title="Farmakologi">farmakologi</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekofisiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekofisiologi (halaman belum tersedia)">ekofisiologi</a>. Perkembangan <a href="/wiki/Biologi_molekuler" title="Biologi molekuler">biologi molekuler</a> memengaruhi arah kajian fisiologi. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ilmu fisiologi manusia dimulai dari sekitar tahun 420SM hingga zaman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hipokrates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hipokrates (halaman belum tersedia)">Hipokrates</a>, yang juga dikenal sebagai bapak kedokteran.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pemikiran kritis dari <a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a> dan perhatiannya pada hubungan antara struktur dan fungsi menandai dimulainya ilmu fisiologi pada Yunani Kuno<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Fernel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Fernel (halaman belum tersedia)">Jean Fernel</a>, seorang peneliti berkewarganegaraan <a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a> memperkenalkan istilah "fisiologi" pada tahun 1525. Namun fisiologi eksperimental baru diawali pada <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-17" class="mw-redirect" title="Abad ke-17">abad ke-17</a>, ketika ahli <a href="/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi">anatomi</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Harvey" title="William Harvey">William Harvey</a> menjelaskan adanya sirkulasi darah. <a href="/wiki/Herman_Boerhaave" title="Herman Boerhaave">Herman Boerhaave</a> sering disebut sebagai bapak fisiologi karena karyanya berupa buku teks berjudul <i>Institutiones Medicae</i> (1708) dan cara mengajarnya yang cemerlang di Leiden. </p><p>Pada <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-19" class="mw-redirect" title="Abad ke-19">abad ke-19</a>, ilmu fisiologi mulai berkembang dengan pesat, secara khusus pada tahun 1838 dengan ditemukannya teori sel oleh <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Jakob_Schleiden" title="Matthias Jakob Schleiden">Matthias Schleiden</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Schwann" title="Theodor Schwann">Theodor Schwann</a>. Secara radikal teori ini menyatakan bahwa organisme terdiri atas unit yang disebut sel. <a href="/wiki/Claude_Bernard" title="Claude Bernard">Claude Bernard</a> (1813–1878) kemudian menemukan konsep <i>milieu interieur</i> (lingkungan internal), yang kemudian disebut sebagai "<a href="/wiki/Homeostasis" title="Homeostasis">homeostasis</a>" oleh peneliti dari Amerika, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Cannon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Cannon (halaman belum tersedia)">Walter Cannon</a>. </p><p>Pada <a href="/wiki/Abad_ke-20" class="mw-redirect" title="Abad ke-20">abad ke-20</a>, ahli biologi juga mengalami ketertarikan pada bagaimana organisme selain manusia melakukan fungsinya, yang kemudian menimbulkan adanya fisiologi komparatif dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekofisiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekofisiologi (halaman belum tersedia)">ekofisiologi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tahun belakangan, fisiologi evolusi telah menjadi salah satu subdisiplin dari fisiologi.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bidang-bidang_fisiologi">Bidang-bidang fisiologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Bidang-bidang fisiologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bidang-bidang fisiologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fisiologi di bidang <a href="/wiki/Kedokteran" title="Kedokteran">kedokteran</a> berperan sangat besar. Akibat mendalamnya kajian, terdapat beberapa subbidang. <a href="/wiki/Elektrofisiologi" title="Elektrofisiologi">Elektrofisiologi</a> berkaitan dengan cara kerja <a href="/wiki/Saraf" title="Saraf">saraf</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Otot" title="Otot">otot</a>; <a href="/wiki/Neurofisiologi" title="Neurofisiologi">neurofisiologi</a> mempelajari fisiologi <a href="/wiki/Otak" title="Otak">otak</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi_sel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisiologi sel (halaman belum tersedia)">fisiologi sel</a> menunjuk pada fungsi <a href="/wiki/Sel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sel">sel</a> secara individual. </p><p>Banyak bidang yang berkaitan dengan fisiologi, di antaranya adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekofisiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekofisiologi (halaman belum tersedia)">Ekofisiologi</a> yang mempelajari pengaruh lingkungan terhadap perubahan fisiologi dalam tubuh hewan dan tumbuhan. <a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">Genetika</a> bukanlah satu-satunya faktor yang memengaruhi fisiologi hewan dan tumbuhan. Tekanan <a href="/wiki/Lingkungan" title="Lingkungan">lingkungan</a> juga sering menyebabkan kerusakan pada organisme <a href="/wiki/Eukariot" class="mw-redirect" title="Eukariot">eukariotik</a>. Organisme yang tidak hidup di <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a> akuatik harus menyimpan air dalam lingkungan seluler. Pada organisme demikian, <a href="/wiki/Dehidrasi" title="Dehidrasi">dehidrasi</a> dapat menjadi masalah besar. </p><p>Dehidrasi pada manusia dapat terjadi ketika terdapat peningkatan aktivitas fisik. Dalam bidang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi_keolahragaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisiologi keolahragaan (halaman belum tersedia)">fisiologi keolahragaan</a>, telah dilakukan berbagai penelitian mengenai efek dehidrasi terhadap <a href="/wiki/Homeostasis" title="Homeostasis">homeostasis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fisiologi_hewan">Fisiologi hewan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Fisiologi hewan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Fisiologi hewan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fisiologi hewan bermula dari metode dan peralatan yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran <a href="/wiki/Fisiologi_manusia" title="Fisiologi manusia">fisiologi manusia</a> yang kemudian meluas pada <a href="/wiki/Spesies" title="Spesies">spesies</a> hewan selain manusia. Fisiologi tumbuhan banyak menggunakan teknik dari kedua bidang ini. </p><p>Cakupan subjek dari fisiologi hewan adalah semua makhluk hidup. Banyaknya subjek menyebabkan penelitian di bidang fisiologi hewan lebih terkonsentrasi pada pemahaman bagaimana ciri fisiologis berubah sepanjang sejarah evolusi hewan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/ilmu%20faal">"Entri: ilmu faal"</a>. <i>KBBI VI</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2020-11-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=physiology+%7C+Definition+%26+Bodily+Function&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Fphysiology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AFisiologi" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Susilawati dan Bachtiar, N. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/26091/1/Buku%20Biologi%20Dasar%20Terintegrasi.pdf"><i>Biologi Dasar Terintegrasi</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Biologi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Biologi_nav" title="Templat:Biologi nav"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Biologi_nav" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Biologi nav"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Biologi_nav&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Biologi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">Biologi</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90"><div> <ul><li>Pengantar (<a href="/wiki/Pengantar_genetika" title="Pengantar genetika">Genetika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pengantar_evolusi" title="Pengantar evolusi">Evolusi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garis_besar_biologi" title="Garis besar biologi">Garis besar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_biologi" title="Sejarah biologi">Sejarah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_waktu_biologi_dan_kimia_organik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis waktu biologi dan kimia organik (halaman belum tersedia)">Garis waktu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indeks_artikel_biologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indeks artikel biologi (halaman belum tersedia)">Indeks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">Subdisiplin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi">Anatomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antropologi_biologis" title="Antropologi biologis">Antropologi biologis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiologi" title="Astrobiologi">Astrobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biofisika" title="Biofisika">Biofisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi">Biogeografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioinformatika" title="Bioinformatika">Bioinformatika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">Biokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_evolusioner" title="Biologi evolusioner">Biologi evolusioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_kelautan" title="Biologi kelautan">Biologi kelautan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_kimiawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biologi kimiawi (halaman belum tersedia)">Biologi kimiawi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_kognitif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biologi kognitif (halaman belum tersedia)">Biologi kognitif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_komputasi" title="Biologi komputasi">Biologi komputasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_konservasi" title="Biologi konservasi">Biologi konservasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_kuantum" title="Biologi kuantum">Biologi kuantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_manusia" title="Biologi manusia">Biologi manusia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_matematikal_dan_teoretikal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biologi matematikal dan teoretikal (halaman belum tersedia)">Biologi matematikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_molekuler" title="Biologi molekuler">Biologi molekuler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan">Biologi perkembangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan_evolusioner" title="Biologi perkembangan evolusioner">Biologi perkembangan evolusioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_sel" title="Biologi sel">Biologi sel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_sintetis" title="Biologi sintetis">Biologi sintetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_sistem" title="Biologi sistem">Biologi sistem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_struktur" title="Biologi struktur">Biologi struktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomekanika" title="Biomekanika">Biomekanika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biostatistika" title="Biostatistika">Biostatistika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botani" title="Botani">Botani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">Ekologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiologi" title="Epidemiologi">Epidemiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigenetika" title="Epigenetika">Epigenetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmakologi" title="Farmakologi">Farmakologi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fisiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">Genetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genomika" title="Genomika">Genomika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histologi" title="Histologi">Histologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imunologi" title="Imunologi">Imunologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_organik" title="Kimia organik">Kimia organik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronobiologi" title="Kronobiologi">Kronobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipidologi" title="Lipidologi">Lipidologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikologi" title="Mikologi">Mikologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikrobiologi" title="Mikrobiologi">Mikrobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikrobiologi_seluler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikrobiologi seluler (halaman belum tersedia)">Mikrobiologi seluler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanobioteknologi" title="Nanobioteknologi">Nanobioteknologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_saraf" title="Ilmu saraf">Neurosains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutrisi" title="Nutrisi">Nutrisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontologi" title="Paleontologi">Paleontologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasitologi" title="Parasitologi">Parasitologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patologi" title="Patologi">Patologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psikologi" title="Psikologi">Psikologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosiobiologi" title="Sosiobiologi">Sosiobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistematika" title="Sistematika">Sistematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toksikologi" title="Toksikologi">Toksikologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virologi" title="Virologi">Virologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi">Zoologi</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg/140px-Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg/210px-Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg/280px-Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1804" data-file-height="2856" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organisasi_biologis" title="Organisasi biologis">Hierarki kehidupan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biosfer" title="Biosfer">Biosfer</a> >  <a href="/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem">Ekosistem</a> > <a href="/wiki/Komunitas_(ekologi)" title="Komunitas (ekologi)">Komunitas</a> > <a href="/wiki/Populasi_(biologi)" title="Populasi (biologi)">Populasi</a> >  <a href="/wiki/Organisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisme">Organisme</a> > <a href="/wiki/Sistem_organ" title="Sistem organ">Sistem organ</a> > <a href="/wiki/Organ_(anatomi)" title="Organ (anatomi)">Organ</a> > <a href="/wiki/Jaringan" title="Jaringan">Jaringan</a> > <a href="/wiki/Sel_(biologi)" title="Sel (biologi)">Sel</a> > <a href="/wiki/Organel" title="Organel">Organel</a> > <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">Molekul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Makromolekul" title="Makromolekul">Makromolekul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biomolekul" title="Biomolekul">Biomolekul</a>) > <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">Atom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">Fondasi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">Ekologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi">Evolusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">Genetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeostasis" title="Homeostasis">Homeostasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taksonomi_(biologi)" title="Taksonomi (biologi)">Taksonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_sel" title="Teori sel">Teori sel</a></li> <li>Transformasi <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">energi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">Prinsip</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi">Evolusi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptasi" title="Adaptasi">Adaptasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliran_gen" title="Aliran gen">Aliran gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentuk_kehidupan_paling_awal_yang_diketahui" title="Bentuk kehidupan paling awal yang diketahui">Bentuk kehidupan paling awal yang diketahui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fungsi_(biologi)" title="Fungsi (biologi)">Fungsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanyutan_genetik" title="Hanyutan genetik">Hanyutan genetik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makroevolusi" title="Makroevolusi">Makroevolusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikroevolusi" title="Mikroevolusi">Mikroevolusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutasi" title="Mutasi">Mutasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleksi_alam" title="Seleksi alam">Seleksi alam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spesiasi" title="Spesiasi">Spesiasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">Ekologi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekologi_populasi" title="Ekologi populasi">Dinamika populasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem">Ekosistem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">Habitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interaksi_biologis" title="Interaksi biologis">Interaksi biologis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keanekaragaman_hayati" title="Keanekaragaman hayati">Keanekaragaman hayati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komunitas_(ekologi)" title="Komunitas (ekologi)">Komunitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relung_(ekologi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Relung (ekologi)">Relung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumber_daya_(biologi)" title="Sumber daya (biologi)">Sumber daya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biologi_molekuler" title="Biologi molekuler">Biologi<br />molekuler</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan">Biologi perkembangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigenetika" title="Epigenetika">Epigenetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis">Meiosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitosis" title="Mitosis">Mitosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modifikasi_pascatranskripsi" title="Modifikasi pascatranskripsi">Modifikasi pascatranskripsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persinyalan_sel" title="Persinyalan sel">Persinyalan sel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulasi_gen" title="Regulasi gen">Regulasi gen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">Biokimia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asam_nukleat" title="Asam nukleat">Asam nukleat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim">Enzim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotosintesis" title="Fotosintesis">Fotosintesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbohidrat" title="Karbohidrat">Karbohidrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid">Lipid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabolisme" title="Metabolisme">Metabolisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">Protein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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