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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Versions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professional_leagues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_leagues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Professional leagues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_leagues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegiate_leagues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegiate_leagues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Collegiate leagues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegiate_leagues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison_of_codes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison_of_codes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Comparison of codes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison_of_codes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gameplay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gameplay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gameplay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gameplay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Injuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Injuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Injuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Injuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gridiron-fodbold" title="Gridiron-fodbold – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gridiron-fodbold" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gridiron_Football" title="Gridiron Football – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gridiron Football" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B4%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Βορειοαμερικανικό ποδόσφαιρο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βορειοαμερικανικό ποδόσφαιρο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BAtbol_gridiron" title="Fútbol gridiron – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fútbol gridiron" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="فوتبال گریدیرون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فوتبال گریدیرون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_nord-am%C3%A9ricain" title="Football nord-américain – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Football nord-américain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="جريدايارن فوتبول – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جريدايارن فوتبول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gridiron_football" title="Gridiron football – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gridiron football" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gridiron_football" title="Gridiron football – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gridiron football" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futebol_gridiron" title="Futebol gridiron – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Futebol gridiron" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%84%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Гридирон фудбал – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гридирон фудбал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="กริดไอเอิร์นฟุตบอล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กริดไอเอิร์นฟุตบอล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuzey_Amerika_futbolu" title="Kuzey Amerika futbolu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuzey Amerika futbolu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%A4%E7%9B%A4%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83" title="烤盤足球 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="烤盤足球" data-language-autonym="中文" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Team sport primarily played in North America</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the gridiron ball, see <a href="/wiki/Ball_(gridiron_football)" title="Ball (gridiron football)">Ball (gridiron football)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AmFBfield.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/AmFBfield.svg/300px-AmFBfield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/AmFBfield.svg/450px-AmFBfield.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/AmFBfield.svg/600px-AmFBfield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="195" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of an <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> field. Numbers on the field indicate the yards to the nearest end zone.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terrain_football_canadien2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Terrain_football_canadien2.png/300px-Terrain_football_canadien2.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Terrain_football_canadien2.png/450px-Terrain_football_canadien2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Terrain_football_canadien2.png/600px-Terrain_football_canadien2.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="701" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of a <a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a> field, which is wider and longer than the American field.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gridiron football</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">GRID</span>-eye-ərn</i></a>),<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known as <b>North American football,</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or in North America as simply <b>football</b>, is a family of <a href="/wiki/Football" title="Football">football</a> team sports primarily played in the United States and Canada. <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a>, which uses 11 players, is the form played in the United States and the best known form of gridiron football worldwide, while <a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a>, which uses 12 players, predominates in Canada. Other derivative varieties include <a href="/wiki/Arena_football" title="Arena football">arena football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_football" title="Flag football">flag football</a> and amateur games such as <a href="/wiki/Touch_football_(American)" title="Touch football (American)">touch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Street_football_(American)" title="Street football (American)">street football</a>. Football is played at <a href="/wiki/Professional_gridiron_football" title="Professional gridiron football">professional</a>, <a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">collegiate</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_school_football" title="High school football">high school</a>, semi-professional, and amateur levels. </p><p>These sports originated in the 19th century out of older games related to modern <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">rugby football</a>, more specifically <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> football. Early on, American and Canadian football developed alongside (but independently from) each other; the root of the game known as "football" today originates with an 1874 game between <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Crimson_football" title="Harvard Crimson football">Harvard</a> and <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill Universities</a>, following which the American school adopted the Canadian school's more rugby-like rules.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernstein_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernstein-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over time, Canadian teams adopted features of the American variant of the game and vice versa. Both varieties are distinguished from other football sports by their use of hard plastic <a href="/wiki/Football_helmet" title="Football helmet">helmets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shoulder_pads_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoulder pads (sport)">shoulder pads</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Forward_pass" title="Forward pass">forward pass</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Down_(gridiron_football)" title="Down (gridiron football)">system of downs</a>, a number of unique rules and <a href="/wiki/American_football_positions" title="American football positions">positions</a>, measurement in customary units of yards (even in Canada, which largely <a href="/wiki/Metrication_in_Canada" title="Metrication in Canada">metricated in the 1970s</a>), and a <a href="/wiki/Ball_(gridiron_football)" title="Ball (gridiron football)">distinctive brown leather ball</a> in the shape of a <a href="/wiki/Prolate_spheroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Prolate spheroid">prolate spheroid</a> with pointed ends. </p><p>The international governing body for the sport is the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_American_Football" title="International Federation of American Football">International Federation of American Football</a> (IFAF); although the organization plays all of its international competitions under American rules, it uses a definition of the game that is broad enough that it includes Canadian football under its umbrella, and <a href="/wiki/Football_Canada" title="Football Canada">Football Canada</a> (the governing body for Canadian football) is an IFAF member. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gridiron_football&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Football_Diagram_1904.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Football_Diagram_1904.jpg/220px-Football_Diagram_1904.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Football_Diagram_1904.jpg/330px-Football_Diagram_1904.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Football_Diagram_1904.jpg/440px-Football_Diagram_1904.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1068" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>A 1904 diagram of an American football field. In this period, lines were painted along the length of the field as well as the width, making a grid pattern.</figcaption></figure> <p>The sport is typically known as simply "football" in the countries where it originated, regardless of the specific variety.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Europe the sport is commonly known as "American football". Various sources use the term "North American football" when discussing the American and Canadian games together, but this term is quite rare.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two sports are also sometimes known as "gridiron football".<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name originated with the sport's once-characteristic <a href="/wiki/Playing_field" class="mw-redirect" title="Playing field">playing field</a>: the original American football and Canadian football fields were marked by a series of parallel lines along both the width and length of the field, which produced a grid pattern resembling a cross-hatched cooking <a href="/wiki/Gridiron_(cooking)" title="Gridiron (cooking)">gridiron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OEDgridiron_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OEDgridiron-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ball would be snapped in the grid in which it was downed on the previous play. By 1920, the grid system was abandoned in favor of the system of yard lines and hash marks used today. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_American_Football" title="International Federation of American Football">International Federation of American Football</a> (IFAF), uses "American football" inclusive of Canadian football and other varieties.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Australia, <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> is often referred to as "gridiron" or (in more formal contexts) "American football", as "<a href="/wiki/Football_(word)" title="Football (word)">football</a>" usually refers to <a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">rugby league</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a>, similar to how <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a> is usually called "<a href="/wiki/Names_for_association_football" title="Names for association football">soccer</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian English</a>. The governing body for American football in Australia is <a href="/wiki/Gridiron_Australia" title="Gridiron Australia">Gridiron Australia</a>. </p><p>Similarly, in the UK <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> is known as American football, as "football" is used to refer to <a href="/wiki/Names_for_association_football" title="Names for association football">soccer</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gridiron_football&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sport developed from informal games played in North America during the 19th century. Early games had a variety of local rules and were generally similar to modern <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">soccer</a>. The earliest recorded instance of gridiron football occurred at University of Toronto's <a href="/wiki/University_College,_Toronto" title="University College, Toronto">University College</a> in November 1861.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernstein_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernstein-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later in the 1860s, teams from universities were playing each other, leading to more standardized rules and the creation of <a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">college football</a>. While several American schools adopted rules based on the soccer rules of the English <a href="/wiki/Football_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Football Association">Football Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> held to its traditional "carrying game". Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/McGill_University" title="McGill University">McGill University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> used rules based on <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a>. In 1874, Harvard and McGill organized two games using each other's rules. Harvard took a liking to McGill's rugby-style rules and adopted them.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernstein_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernstein-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FootballInvented_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FootballInvented-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In turn, they were used when Harvard and <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> played their first <a href="/wiki/Intercollegiate_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercollegiate sports">intercollegiate sports</a> game in 1875, after which the rugby-style Canadian game was adopted by Yale players and spectators from Yale and <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FootballInvented_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FootballInvented-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This version of the game was subsequently played with several other U.S. colleges over the next several years.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernstein_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernstein-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>American football teams and organizations subsequently adopted new rules which distinguished the game from rugby.<sup id="cite_ref-PFRA2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PFRA2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these early innovations were the work of <a href="/wiki/Walter_Camp" title="Walter Camp">Walter Camp</a>, including the sport's <a href="/wiki/Line_of_scrimmage" title="Line of scrimmage">line of scrimmage</a> and the system of <a href="/wiki/Down_(American_and_Canadian_football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Down (American and Canadian football)">downs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-yalenews_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yalenews-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another consequential change was the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Forward_pass" title="Forward pass">forward pass</a> in 1906, which allowed the <a href="/wiki/Quarterback" title="Quarterback">quarterback</a> to throw the ball forward over the line of scrimmage to a receiver.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canadian football remained akin to rugby for decades, though a progressive faction of players, chiefly based in the <a href="/wiki/Western_provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Western provinces">western provinces</a>, demanded changes to the game based on the innovations in American football. Over the years, the sport adopted more Americanized rules, though it retained some of its historical features, including a 110-yard (100 m) field, 12-player teams, and three downs instead of four.<sup id="cite_ref-Flaherty_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flaherty-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around the same time Camp devised the rules for American football, the Canadian game would develop in the same way (but separately) from the American game; the <a href="/wiki/Burnside_rules" title="Burnside rules">Burnside rules</a> were instrumental in establishing many of the rules for the modern game.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Versions">Versions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gridiron_football&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> is the most common and widely known of these sports. It was originally more closely related to rugby, until various rule changes created by Camp were implemented in 1880, such as the system of <a href="/wiki/Down_(gridiron_football)" title="Down (gridiron football)">downs</a>, and the two sports diverged irreversibly after the <a href="/wiki/Forward_pass" title="Forward pass">forward pass</a> was introduced to the American game in 1906. It is played with eleven players to a side, four downs and a 100-yard (91 m) field. The major professional league, the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL), has its own rule book. <a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">College football</a> programs generally play under the code defined in the <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a> Football Rules and Interpretations. High schools generally follow the rules and interpretations published by the <a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_State_High_School_Associations" title="National Federation of State High School Associations">National Federation of State High School Associations</a> (NFHS), although some states follow the NCAA code for high school play. Youth games (below high school age) generally follow NFHS code with modifications. Adult semi-pro, alternative and minor professional, amateur, touch, flag, etc. may follow any one of these codes or use their own rules. While the vast majority of the game is the same among these three codes, subtle variations in rules can lead to large differences in play. Many of the differences are in penalty enforcement and the definitions of fouls.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Commonwealth_Stadium,_Edmonton,_August_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Commonwealth_Stadium%2C_Edmonton%2C_August_2005.jpg/220px-Commonwealth_Stadium%2C_Edmonton%2C_August_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Commonwealth_Stadium%2C_Edmonton%2C_August_2005.jpg/330px-Commonwealth_Stadium%2C_Edmonton%2C_August_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Commonwealth_Stadium%2C_Edmonton%2C_August_2005.jpg/440px-Commonwealth_Stadium%2C_Edmonton%2C_August_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Stadium" title="Commonwealth Stadium">Commonwealth Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a>, a Canadian Football League field originally built for the <a href="/wiki/1978_Commonwealth_Games" title="1978 Commonwealth Games">1978 Commonwealth Games</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a> is played almost exclusively in Canada. Like its American cousin, it was originally more closely related to rugby, until the <a href="/wiki/Burnside_rules" title="Burnside rules">Burnside rules</a> were adopted in 1903 (as such, despite their similarities, the modern American and Canadian forms of football were developed separately from each other); the forward pass was adopted in Canada in 1929. The game is played on a 110-yard (100 m) field, has three downs, and twelve players to a side. The Canadian game also features a one-point "<a href="/wiki/Single_(football)" title="Single (football)">single</a>" (formally called a "rouge") for a ball kicked into or through the end zone and not returned by the receiving team. Like the American game, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League">Canadian Football League</a> and <a href="/wiki/U_Sports" title="U Sports">U Sports</a> both have their own rulebooks, although there are generally fewer differences than between their American counterparts.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-man_football" title="Nine-man football">Nine-man football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eight-man_football" title="Eight-man football">eight-man football</a> and <a href="/wiki/Six-man_football" title="Six-man football">six-man football</a> are varieties of gridiron football played with fewer players. They are played with the same number of downs (often with a 15-yard [14 m] requirement for a new set of downs, as opposed to 10 in other codes), fewer <a href="/wiki/Offensive_lineman" class="mw-redirect" title="Offensive lineman">offensive linemen</a>, and an 80-yard (73 m) field. These games are generally based on the high school rulebooks, which have an addendum devoted to the play of these codes, and are generally played by teams from high schools with very small student bodies, usually in rural areas of the United States. Similar small-roster versions of Canadian football are played in rural Canada. Seven-man football formats have seen occasional adaptations, including the semi-professional <a href="/wiki/American_7s_Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="American 7s Football League">American 7s Football League</a> and the indoor <a href="/wiki/Fan_Controlled_Football" title="Fan Controlled Football">Fan Controlled Football</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_American_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoor American football">Indoor football</a> is played with special rules to accommodate smaller indoor facilities, usually sharing arenas with <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> teams. It is played on a 50-yard (46 m) field with, usually, eight players to a side. Prototype games were played in <a href="/wiki/World_Series_of_Football_(1902)" class="mw-redirect" title="World Series of Football (1902)">1902</a> and <a href="/wiki/NFL_Playoff_Game,_1932" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL Playoff Game, 1932">1932</a>, both of which used the shortened field but followed the outdoor standard 11 to a side. However, indoor football did not gain popularity until <a href="/wiki/Jim_Foster_(football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Foster (football)">James F. Foster</a>'s proprietary version, <a href="/wiki/Arena_football" title="Arena football">arena football</a>, debuted in 1986, and set most of the standards for indoor leagues today. As almost all indoor leagues are for-profit professional leagues, each league has its own proprietary code.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_football" title="Flag football">Flag football</a> is a variant of American football where, instead of tackling players to the ground, the defensive team must remove a flag or flag belt from the ball carrier ("deflagging") to end a down, and contact is limited between players. The specific rules of flag football vary widely by the league, though all share in common their replication of the rules of traditional American football with tackling replaced by flag-pulling. Flag football will be an Olympic sport at the <a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028 Summer Olympics</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprint_football" title="Sprint football">Sprint football</a> (or lightweight football) is a variant of American football with nearly identical rules but with added restrictions on the maximum weight and percent body fat of players on the field, emphasizing speed and agility over raw size at all positions. It is played at a small number of colleges and universities, mostly in the northeastern United States.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_football_(American)" title="Touch football (American)">Touch football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_Football_(American)" title="Wheelchair Football (American)">wheelchair football</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Street_football_(American)" title="Street football (American)">backyard football</a> are informal varieties of the game, played primarily at an amateur and recreational level. No specific rulebooks are universally recognized for these variants, where <a href="/wiki/House_rule" title="House rule">house rules</a> usually apply.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_American_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's American football">Women's American football</a> is the organized play of the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_sports" title="Women's sports">sport by women</a>. Most organized leagues play by rules identical to male-dominated leagues. The former <a href="/wiki/Lingerie_Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingerie Football League">Lingerie Football League</a> <a href="/wiki/Legends_Football_League#Reception" class="mw-redirect" title="Legends Football League">earned notoriety</a> for its indoor, seven-on-seven variety of women's football with minimal protective equipment and uniforms resembling women's underwear; the Lingerie Football League was later reorganized and renamed Extreme Football League. Informal and amateur varieties of female-only games such as <a href="/wiki/Powderpuff_(sports)" title="Powderpuff (sports)">powderpuff</a>, also exist. Given the popularity of gridiron football in North America yet the rarity of female-only teams at the high school level and above, <a href="/wiki/List_of_female_American_football_players" class="mw-redirect" title="List of female American football players">female players have also played on men's teams on rare occasions</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Professional_leagues">Professional leagues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gridiron_football&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Professional leagues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"> <caption>Professional gridiron football leagues </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">League </th> <th scope="col">Country </th> <th scope="col">Sport </th> <th scope="col">Founded </th> <th scope="col">Teams </th> <th scope="col">Revenue <br /> US$ (bn) </th> <th scope="col">Average <br />attendance <small>(2023)</small> </th> <th scope="col">Average <br /> salary <br /> US$ </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" align="left"><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> </th> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a></td> <td>1920</td> <td>32</td> <td>14.0</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004695280000000000♠">69,528</span></td> <td>2,700,000 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League">Canadian Football League</a> </th> <td>Canada</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a></td> <td>1958</td> <td>9</td> <td>0.2</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004225050000000000♠">22,505</span></td> <td>89,000 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" align="left"><a href="/wiki/United_Football_League_(2024)" title="United Football League (2024)">United Football League</a> </th> <td>United States</td> <td>American football</td> <td>2024</td> <td>8</td> <td></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004135050000000000♠">13,505</span></td> <td>50,000 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" align="left"><a href="/wiki/Indoor_Football_League" title="Indoor Football League">Indoor Football League</a> </th> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indoor_American_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoor American football">Indoor football</a></td> <td>2008</td> <td>16</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>3,500 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" align="left"><a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_League_(2024)" title="Arena Football League (2024)">Arena Football League</a> </th> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arena_football" title="Arena football">Arena football</a></td> <td>1986 (2024)</td> <td>8</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" align="left"><a href="/wiki/National_Arena_League" title="National Arena League">National Arena League</a> </th> <td>United States</td> <td>Indoor football</td> <td>2016</td> <td>9</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2,450 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" align="left"><a href="/wiki/The_Arena_League" title="The Arena League">The Arena League</a> </th> <td>United States</td> <td>Indoor football</td> <td>2024</td> <td>4</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" align="left"><a href="/wiki/Professional_American_Football_League_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional American Football League of Mexico">Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional</a> </th> <td>Mexico</td> <td>American football</td> <td>2016</td> <td>8</td> <td></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003200000000000000♠">2,000</span></td> <td>600 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" align="left"><a href="/wiki/X-League_(Japan)" title="X-League (Japan)">X-League</a> (X1/X2/X3) </th> <td>Japan</td> <td>American football</td> <td>1971</td> <td>18/18/17</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>55,000 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" align="left"><a href="/wiki/European_League_of_Football" title="European League of Football">European League of Football</a> </th> <td>Europe</td> <td>American football</td> <td>2021</td> <td>17</td> <td></td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003320000000000000♠">3,200</span></td> <td>6,300 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The best NFL players are among the highest paid <a href="/wiki/Athlete" title="Athlete">athletes</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-urlThe_Worlds_Highest-Paid_Athletes_2020_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlThe_Worlds_Highest-Paid_Athletes_2020-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-urlThe_making_of_Patrick_Mahomes,_the_highest-paid_man_in_sports_history_|_NFL_News_|_Sky_Sports_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlThe_making_of_Patrick_Mahomes,_the_highest-paid_man_in_sports_history_|_NFL_News_|_Sky_Sports-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegiate_leagues">Collegiate leagues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gridiron_football&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Collegiate leagues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>League</th> <th>Country</th> <th>Sport</th> <th>Year <br /> founded</th> <th>Divisions</th> <th>Teams</th> <th>Promotion/relegation</th> <th>Average <br />attendance </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a></td> <td>1906</td> <td>4<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>664</td> <td>No</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7004271420000000000♠">27,142</span> <small>(Div. I)</small><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flag_football" title="Flag football">Flag football</a></td> <td>2024</td> <td>1</td> <td>12</td> <td>No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics" title="National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics">NAIA</a></td> <td rowspan="2">United States</td> <td>American football</td> <td>1940</td> <td>1</td> <td>97</td> <td>No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Flag football</td> <td>2021</td> <td>1</td> <td>24</td> <td>No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/National_Junior_College_Athletic_Association" title="National Junior College Athletic Association">NJCAA</a></td> <td rowspan="2">United States</td> <td>American football</td> <td>1938</td> <td>2</td> <td>50</td> <td>No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Flag football</td> <td>2023</td> <td>1</td> <td>7</td> <td>No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/California_Community_College_Athletic_Association" title="California Community College Athletic Association">CCCAA</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>American football</td> <td>1929</td> <td>1</td> <td>67</td> <td>No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/U_Sports_football" title="U Sports football">U Sports</a></td> <td>Canada</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a></td> <td>1961</td> <td>1</td> <td>27</td> <td>No</td> <td><span data-sort-value="7003337000000000000♠">3,370</span><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Organizaci%C3%B3n_Nacional_Estudiantil_de_F%C3%BAtbol_Americano" title="Organización Nacional Estudiantil de Fútbol Americano">ONEFA</a></td> <td>Mexico</td> <td>American football</td> <td>1978</td> <td>1</td> <td>22</td> <td>No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comisi%C3%B3n_Nacional_Deportiva_Estudiantil_de_Instituciones_Privadas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comisión Nacional Deportiva Estudiantil de Instituciones Privadas (page does not exist)">CONADEIP</a></td> <td>Mexico</td> <td>American football</td> <td>2010</td> <td>1</td> <td>12</td> <td>No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Japan_American_Football_Association" title="Japan American Football Association">JAFA</a></td> <td>Japan</td> <td>American football</td> <td>1934</td> <td>1–5</td> <td>220</td> <td>Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Korea_American_Football_Association" title="Korea American Football Association">KAFA</a></td> <td>South Korea</td> <td>American football</td> <td>1945</td> <td>1</td> <td>39</td> <td>No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/British_Universities_American_Football_League" title="British Universities American Football League">BUAFL</a></td> <td>United Kingdom</td> <td>American football</td> <td>2007</td> <td>3</td> <td>83</td> <td>Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Collegiate_Sprint_Football_League_champions" title="List of Collegiate Sprint Football League champions">CSFL</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sprint_football" title="Sprint football">Sprint football</a></td> <td>1940</td> <td>1</td> <td>9</td> <td>No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">MSFL</td> <td>United States</td> <td>Sprint football</td> <td>2022</td> <td>1</td> <td>7</td> <td>No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/National_Club_Football_Association" title="National Club Football Association">NCFA</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>American football</td> <td>1940</td> <td>1</td> <td>27</td> <td>No</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">While the NCAA is formally split into three divisions, the top tier, <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I" title="NCAA Division I">Division I</a>, is itself split for football only into the <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Football_Bowl_Subdivision" title="NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision">Football Bowl Subdivision</a> and the <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Football_Championship_Subdivision" title="NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision">Football Championship Subdivision</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparison_of_codes">Comparison of codes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gridiron_football&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Comparison of codes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Code</th> <th>Traditional<br />season</th> <th><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="in yards">Field<br />length</span></th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="in yards">End<br />zones</span></th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="in yards">Field<br />width</span></th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Number of players on the field for each team during any given play.">Player<br />count</span></th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Number of players required for the offensive team on a line of scrimmage at the start of each play">Line of<br />scrimmage</span></th> <th>Downs</th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="The number of yards required within the given number of downs to reset the down count to one.">Line<br />to gain</span></th> <th>Forward motion<br />before snap</th> <th><span class="nowrap">Goal posts</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American</a></td> <td>Fall<br />Winter</td> <td>100</td> <td>10</td> <td>53<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span></td> <td>11</td> <td>7</td> <td>4</td> <td>10</td> <td>No</td> <td>At back of end zones<br />18<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> (NFL and college) to 23<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> (high school) ft. wide </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian</a></td> <td>Summer<br />Fall</td> <td>110</td> <td>20</td> <td>65</td> <td>12</td> <td>7</td> <td>3</td> <td>10</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>On goal lines<br />18<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> ft. wide </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Indoor_American_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoor American football">Indoor</a></td> <td>Spring</td> <td>50</td> <td>8</td> <td>28<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span></td> <td>8</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>10</td> <td>Yes</td> <td>At back of end zones, 9 to 10 ft. wide<br />Rebound nets on sides optional </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Six-man_football" title="Six-man football">6-man</a></td> <td>Fall</td> <td>80</td> <td>10</td> <td>40</td> <td>6</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>15</td> <td>No</td> <td>At back of end zones<br />23<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> wide </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gameplay">Gameplay</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gridiron_football&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gameplay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_gridiron_football_rules" title="List of gridiron football rules">List of gridiron football rules</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Football_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/American_Football_1.svg/220px-American_Football_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/American_Football_1.svg/330px-American_Football_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/American_Football_1.svg/440px-American_Football_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="445" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ball_(gridiron_football)" title="Ball (gridiron football)">football</a> used in North American football has a distinct pointed shape, with a brown color and prominent laces to aid in throwing.</figcaption></figure> <p>This is a minimal description of the game in general, with elements common to all or almost all variants of the game. For more specific rules, see each code's individual articles. </p><p>Prior to the start of a game, a <a href="/wiki/Coin_flipping" title="Coin flipping">coin toss</a> determines which team will decide if they want to <a href="/wiki/Kickoff_(American_football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kickoff (American football)">kick off</a> the ball to their opponent, or receive the ball from their opponent. Each team lines up on opposite halves of the field, with a minimum ten yards of space between them for the kickoff. The team receiving the ball can make a <a href="/wiki/Fair_catch" title="Fair catch">fair catch</a> (which stops the play immediately), catch the ball and run it back until the ball carrier is tackled, or, if the ball is kicked <a href="/wiki/Out_of_bounds" title="Out of bounds">out of bounds</a>, let the ball go <a href="/wiki/Dead_ball" title="Dead ball">dead</a> on its own (the last case usually happens when the ball is kicked all the way into or through the opponent's end zone, resulting in a <a href="/wiki/Touchback" title="Touchback">touchback</a> and the ball being brought several yards out of the end zone to begin play). A kicking team can, under special circumstances, attempt to <a href="/wiki/Onside_kick" title="Onside kick">recover its own kick</a>, but the rules of the game make it very difficult to do so reliably, and so this tactic is usually only used as a surprise or desperation maneuver. </p><p>At this point, <a href="/wiki/Play_from_scrimmage" title="Play from scrimmage">play from scrimmage</a> begins. The team in possession of the ball is on <i>offense</i> and the opponent is on <i>defense</i>. The offense is given a set amount of time (up to forty seconds, depending on the governing body), during which the teams can set up a play in a <a href="/wiki/Huddle" title="Huddle">huddle</a> and freely substitute players to set into a <a href="/wiki/Formation_(American_football)" title="Formation (American football)">formation</a>, in which the offense must remain perfectly still for at least one second (the formation requirement does not apply to Canadian football). At least half of the players (seven in standard American and Canadian football, four in standard indoor ball) on the offense must line up on the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_scrimmage" title="Line of scrimmage">line of scrimmage</a> in this formation, including the snapper, who handles the ball before play commences; the rest can (and almost always do) line up behind the line. Neither the offense nor the defense can cross the line of scrimmage before the play commences. Once the formation is set, the snapper <a href="/wiki/Snap_(football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Snap (football)">snaps</a> the ball to one of the players behind him. (A snapper must snap the ball within 20 to 25 seconds of the official setting the ball back into position after the previous play, and a <a href="/wiki/Play_clock" title="Play clock">play clock</a> is kept to enforce the measure.) Once the ball is snapped, the play has commenced, and the offense's goal is to continue advancing the ball toward their opponent's <a href="/wiki/End_zone" title="End zone">end zone</a>. This can be done either by running with the ball or by a rule unique to football known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Forward_pass" title="Forward pass">forward pass</a></i>. In a forward pass, a player from behind the line of scrimmage throws the ball to an <a href="/wiki/Eligible_receiver" title="Eligible receiver">eligible receiver</a> (another back or one player on each end of the line), who must catch the ball before it touches the ground. The play stops when a player with the ball touches any part of their body other than hand or foot to the ground, runs <a href="/wiki/Out_of_bounds" title="Out of bounds">out of the boundaries</a> of the field, is obstructed from making further forward progress, or a forward pass hits the ground without being caught (in the last case, the ball returns to the spot it was snapped). To stop play, players on defense are allowed to tackle the ball carrier at any time the ball is in play, provided they do not grab the face mask of the helmet or make helmet-to-helmet contact when doing so. At any time, the player with the ball can attempt a <a href="/wiki/Lateral_pass" title="Lateral pass">backward, or lateral, pass</a> to any other player in order to keep the ball in play; this is generally rare. Any player on defense can, at any time, attempt to <a href="/wiki/Interception" title="Interception">intercept</a> a forward pass in flight, at which point the team gains possession; they can also gain possession by recovering a <a href="/wiki/Fumble" title="Fumble">fumble</a> or stripping the ball away from the ball carrier (a "forced fumble"). A typical play can last between five and twenty seconds. </p><p>If any illegal action happens during the play, then the results of the previous play are erased and a <a href="/wiki/Penalty_(gridiron_football)" title="Penalty (gridiron football)">penalty</a> is assessed, forcing the offending team to surrender between five and fifteen yards of field to the opponent. Whether this yardage is measured from the original spot of the ball before the play, the spot of the illegal action, or the end of the play depends on the individual foul. The most common penalties include <i>false start</i> (when an offensive player jumps to begin the play before the ball is snapped, a five-yard penalty), <i>holding</i> (the grabbing of a player other than the ball carrier to obstruct their progress; a ten-yard penalty against offensive players and a five-yard penalty against defensive ones), and <i>pass interference</i> (when either a receiver or the defending player pushes or <a href="/wiki/Blocking_(American_football)" title="Blocking (American football)">blocks</a> the other to prevent them from catching the pass). A team on offense cannot score points as the direct result of a penalty; a defensive foul committed in the team's own end zone, if the penalty is assessed from the spot of the foul, places the ball at the one-yard line. In contrast, a defensive team can score points as a direct result of a penalty; if the offense commits a foul under the same scenario, the defensive team receives two points and a free kick. In all other circumstances (except for the open-ended and extremely rare <a href="/wiki/Unfair_act" title="Unfair act">unfair act</a> clause), a penalty cannot exceed more than half the distance to the end zone. If the penalty would be less advantageous than the result of the actual play, then the team not committing the penalty can decline it. </p><p>In order to keep play moving, the offense must make a certain amount of progress (10 yards in most leagues) within a certain number of plays (3 in Canada, 4 in the United States), called <a href="/wiki/Down_(American_football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Down (American football)">downs</a>. If the offense does indeed make this progress, a <i>first down</i> is achieved, and the team gets 3 or 4 more plays to achieve another 10 yards. If not, the offense loses possession to their opponent at the spot where the ball is. More commonly, however, the team on offense will, if they have a minimal chance of gaining a first down and have only one play left to do it (<i>fourth down</i> in the U.S., <i>third down</i> in Canada), attempt a <i>scrimmage kick</i>. There are two types of scrimmage kick: a <a href="/wiki/Punt_(gridiron_football)" title="Punt (gridiron football)">punt</a> is when the ball is released from the punter's hand and kicked downfield as close to the opponent's end zone as possible without entering it; the kicking team loses possession of the ball after the kick and the receiving team can attempt to advance the ball or call a fair catch. The other scrimmage kick is a <a href="/wiki/Field_goal_(football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Field goal (football)">field goal</a> attempt. This must be attempted by <a href="/wiki/Placekicker" title="Placekicker">place kick</a> or (more rarely) <a href="/wiki/Drop_kick" title="Drop kick">drop kick</a>, and if the kicked ball passes through the goal set at the edge of the opponent's end zone, the team scores three points. (Four-point field goals have been offered in a few variations of the game under special rules, but the NFL, college and high school football only offer three-point field goals.) In Canada, any kick that goes into the end zone and is not returned, whether it be a punt or a missed field goal, is awarded <a href="/wiki/Single_(football)" title="Single (football)">one single point</a>. </p><p>If the team in possession of the ball, at any time, advances (either by carrying or catching) the ball into the opponent's end zone, it is a <a href="/wiki/Touchdown" title="Touchdown">touchdown</a>, and the team scores six points and a free play known as a <a href="/wiki/Try_(American_football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Try (American football)">try</a>. In a try, a team attempts to score <a href="/wiki/Conversion_(gridiron_football)" title="Conversion (gridiron football)">one</a> or <a href="/wiki/Two-point_conversion" title="Two-point conversion">two</a> points (rules vary by each league, but under standard rules, a field goal on a try is worth one point while another touchdown is worth two). At the college and professional levels, the defense can also score on a try, but only on the same scale (thus a botched try the defense returns for a touchdown scores only two points and not six). Kickoffs occur after every touchdown and field goal. </p><p>If a team is in its own end zone and commits a foul, is tackled with the ball, or bats, fumbles, kicks or throws the ball backward out of the field of play through the same end zone, the defense scores a <a href="/wiki/Safety_(American_football_score)" class="mw-redirect" title="Safety (American football score)">safety</a>, worth two points. </p><p>After a try, safety or field goal, the team that had possession of the ball goes back to the middle of the field and kicks the ball off to their opponent, and play continues as it did in the beginning of the game. </p><p>Play continues until <a href="/wiki/Halftime" class="mw-redirect" title="Halftime">halftime</a>. (Each team switches their side of the field with the other halfway through each half, at the end of a quarter.) After the halftime break, a new kickoff occurs. Whichever team has more points at the end of the game is declared the winner; in the event of a tie, each league has its own rules for <a href="/wiki/Overtime_(sports)" title="Overtime (sports)">overtime</a> to break the tie. Because of the nature of the game, pure <a href="/wiki/Sudden_death_(sport)" title="Sudden death (sport)">sudden-death</a> overtimes have been abolished at all levels of the game as of 2012. </p><p>At all adult levels of the game, a game is 60 timed minutes in length, split into four 15-minute quarters. (High school football uses 12-minute quarters, and the general rule is that the younger the players, the shorter the quarters typically are.) Because of the halftime, quarter breaks, time-outs, the minute warnings (<a href="/wiki/Two-minute_warning" title="Two-minute warning">two minutes before the end of a half in the NFL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Three-minute_warning" title="Three-minute warning">three minutes in Canadian football</a>), and frequent stoppages of the game clock (the clock stops, for example, after every incomplete pass and any time a ball goes out of bounds), the actual time it takes for a football game to be completed is typically over three hours in the NFL<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and slightly under three hours in the CFL.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Injuries">Injuries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gridiron_football&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Injuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Health_issues_in_American_football" title="Health issues in American football">Health issues in American football</a></div> <p>According to 2017 study on brains of deceased gridiron football players, 99% of tested brains of <a href="/wiki/NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL">NFL</a> players, 88% of <a href="/wiki/CFL" class="mw-redirect" title="CFL">CFL</a> players, 64% of semi-professional players, 91% of <a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">college football</a> players, and 21% of <a href="/wiki/High_school_football" title="High school football">high school football</a> players had various stages of <a href="/wiki/Chronic_traumatic_encephalopathy" title="Chronic traumatic encephalopathy">chronic traumatic encephalopathy</a> (CTE).<sup id="cite_ref-urlBU_Researchers_Find_CTE_in_99%_ofFormer_NFL_Players_Studied_|_The_Brink_|_Boston_University_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlBU_Researchers_Find_CTE_in_99%_ofFormer_NFL_Players_Studied_|_The_Brink_|_Boston_University-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other common injuries include injuries of legs, arms and lower back.<sup id="cite_ref-urlComparison_of_Injuries_in_American_Collegiate_Football_and_Club_Rugby:_A_Prospective_Cohort_Study_-_Nienke_W._Willigenburg,_James_R._Borchers,_Richard_Quincy,_Christopher_C._Kaeding,_Timothy_E._Hewett,_2016_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlComparison_of_Injuries_in_American_Collegiate_Football_and_Club_Rugby:_A_Prospective_Cohort_Study_-_Nienke_W._Willigenburg,_James_R._Borchers,_Richard_Quincy,_Christopher_C._Kaeding,_Timothy_E._Hewett,_2016-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-urlThe_Common_Types_of_Football_Injuries_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlThe_Common_Types_of_Football_Injuries-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-urlLower_Back_Injuries_in_National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association_Football_Players:_A_5-Season_Epidemiological_Study_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlLower_Back_Injuries_in_National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association_Football_Players:_A_5-Season_Epidemiological_Study-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-urlreverehealth.com_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlreverehealth.com-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gridiron_football&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_football_in_the_United_States" title="American football in the United States">American football in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_American_and_Canadian_football" title="Comparison of American and Canadian football">Comparison of American and Canadian football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concussions_in_American_football" title="Concussions in American football">Concussions in American football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_(word)" title="Football (word)">Football (word)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_American_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of American football">Glossary of American football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Canadian_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of Canadian football">Glossary of Canadian football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_issues_in_American_football" title="Health issues in American football">Health issues in American football</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gridiron_football&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/212839/gridiron-football">"Gridiron football"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Retrieved October 20, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jack Brimberg and William Hurley (2006). "Strategic considerations in the coaching of North American football". <i>International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing</i>. From <i>International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing</i>, Volume 1, Number 3, pp. 279–287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bernstein-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bernstein_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernstein_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernstein_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernstein_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBernstein2001" class="citation book cs1">Bernstein, Mark F. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n3i4KOu7MiEC"><i>Football: The Ivy League Origins of an American Obsession</i></a>. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 9–10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-3627-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-3627-9"><bdi>978-0-8122-3627-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Football%3A+The+Ivy+League+Origins+of+an+American+Obsession&rft.pages=9-10&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-3627-9&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Mark+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn3i4KOu7MiEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGridiron+football" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRielly2009" class="citation book cs1">Rielly, Edward J. (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/footballencyclop0000riel"><i>Football: An Encyclopedia of Popular Culture</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_Press" title="University of Nebraska Press">University of Nebraska Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/footballencyclop0000riel/page/53">53</a>–55, 285. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-2630-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-2630-2"><bdi>978-0-8032-2630-2</bdi></a>. <q>Canadian.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Football%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Popular+Culture&rft.pages=53-55%2C+285&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-2630-2&rft.aulast=Rielly&rft.aufirst=Edward+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffootballencyclop0000riel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGridiron+football" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlahertyManning2013" class="citation book cs1">Flaherty, David H.; Manning, Frank E. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BiDFAgAAQBAJ&q=%22North+American+football%22&pg=PA402"><i>The Soft Tissues: Trauma and Sports Injuries</i></a>. Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 402. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4832-8007-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4832-8007-3"><bdi>978-1-4832-8007-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Soft+Tissues%3A+Trauma+and+Sports+Injuries&rft.pages=402&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4832-8007-3&rft.aulast=Flaherty&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rft.au=Manning%2C+Frank+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBiDFAgAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522North%2BAmerican%2Bfootball%2522%26pg%3DPA402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGridiron+football" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinberg2010" class="citation book cs1">Steinberg, Shirley R. (June 17, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZnSBRxsjn_4C&q=%22North+American+football%22&pg=PA157"><i>Boy Culture: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. pp. 156–157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35081-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-35081-8"><bdi>978-0-313-35081-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boy+Culture%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=156-157&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2010-06-17&rft.isbn=978-0-313-35081-8&rft.aulast=Steinberg&rft.aufirst=Shirley+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZnSBRxsjn_4C%26q%3D%2522North%2BAmerican%2Bfootball%2522%26pg%3DPA157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGridiron+football" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuhalla2010" class="citation book cs1">Puhalla, Jim (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0BD68WgPfdAC&q=%22North+American+football%22&pg=PA339"><i>Sports Fields: Design, Construction, and Maintenance</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 339. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-43893-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-43893-0"><bdi>978-0-470-43893-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sports+Fields%3A+Design%2C+Construction%2C+and+Maintenance&rft.pages=339&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-470-43893-0&rft.aulast=Puhalla&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0BD68WgPfdAC%26q%3D%2522North%2BAmerican%2Bfootball%2522%26pg%3DPA339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGridiron+football" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMandelbaum2005" class="citation book cs1">Mandelbaum, Michael (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K0R8BMbxlQAC&q=%22North+American+football%22&pg=PA26"><i>The Meaning Of Sports</i></a>. PublicAffairs. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-3884-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-3884-7"><bdi>978-0-7867-3884-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Meaning+Of+Sports&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7867-3884-7&rft.aulast=Mandelbaum&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK0R8BMbxlQAC%26q%3D%2522North%2BAmerican%2Bfootball%2522%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGridiron+football" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Library of Work and Play: Outdoor Sports and Games</i> by Claude H. Miller. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1911</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OEDgridiron-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OEDgridiron_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/81386?rskey=F8Jxe2&result=1&isAdvanced=false#eid">"Gridiron, n. (3.e.)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>. 1989<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oed.com&rft.atitle=Pigskin+and+gridiron%3A+notes+on+the+American+Football+lexicon&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Matt&rft.aufirst=Kohl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublic.oed.com%2Faspects-of-english%2Fenglish-in-use%2Fpigskin-and-gridiron-notes-on-the-american-football-lexicon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGridiron+football" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912005609/http://www.ifaf.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/IFAF-Statutes-2016-EN19-09-2016.pdf">"IFAF Statutes 2016"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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New York: Hyperion Books. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7868-6710-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7868-6710-3"><bdi>978-0-7868-6710-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ABC+Sports+College+Football+All-Time+All-America+Team&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Hyperion+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7868-6710-3&rft.aulast=Vancil&rft.aufirst=Mark+%28%27%27Ed.%27%27%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGridiron+football" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flaherty-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Flaherty_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlahertyManning1993" class="citation book cs1">Flaherty, David H.; Manning, Frank E. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://greycup.cfl.ca/page/grey-cup-history-timeline-1900">the original</a> on September 22, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=100th+Grey+Cup+-+Toronto+-+Grey+Cup+History+Timeline+1900&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgreycup.cfl.ca%2Fpage%2Fgrey-cup-history-timeline-1900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGridiron+football" class="Z3988"></span> History of the Grey Cup</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urlThe_Worlds_Highest-Paid_Athletes_2020-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urlThe_Worlds_Highest-Paid_Athletes_2020_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/athletes/#443d548e55ae">"The World's Highest-Paid Athletes 2020"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=The+World%27s+Highest-Paid+Athletes+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fathletes%2F%23443d548e55ae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGridiron+football" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urlThe_making_of_Patrick_Mahomes,_the_highest-paid_man_in_sports_history_|_NFL_News_|_Sky_Sports-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urlThe_making_of_Patrick_Mahomes,_the_highest-paid_man_in_sports_history_|_NFL_News_|_Sky_Sports_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skysports.com/nfl/news/12118/12022820/the-making-of-patrick-mahomes-the-highest-paid-man-in-sports-history">"The making of Patrick Mahomes, the highest-paid man in sports history"</a>. <i>Sky Sports</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+Sports&rft.atitle=The+making+of+Patrick+Mahomes%2C+the+highest-paid+man+in+sports+history&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skysports.com%2Fnfl%2Fnews%2F12118%2F12022820%2Fthe-making-of-patrick-mahomes-the-highest-paid-man-in-sports-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGridiron+football" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/football_records/Attendance/2018.pdf">"2018 Football Attendance"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gridiron_football" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gridiron football"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Gridiron football</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/212839/gridiron-football">"Gridiron football"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Retrieved October 20, 2010.</li> <li>"Gridiron comes to Australia". From 7:30 Report. Retrieved on October 9, 2007 from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091214013702/http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/stories/s41614.htm">7.30 Report - 4/8/1999: Gridiron comes to Australia</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2009" class="citation book cs1">Encyclopædia Britannica (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2nxLkMspauIC&q=%22gridiron+football%22%2BCanadian&pg=PA868"><i>Britannica Almanac 2009</i></a>. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. p. 978. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59339-839-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59339-839-2"><bdi>978-1-59339-839-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="/wiki/Early_history_of_American_football" title="Early history of American football">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_American_football" title="Modern history of American football">Modern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_football_rules" title="American football rules">Rules</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_football" title="Arena football">Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_American_and_Canadian_football" title="Comparison of American and Canadian football">American–Canadian comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnside_rules" title="Burnside rules">Burnside rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Canadian_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of Canadian football">Glossary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-man_football" title="Nine-man football">9-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-man_football" title="Eight-man football">8-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A7FL" title="A7FL">7-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-man_football" title="Six-man football">6-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_football" title="Flag football">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_football_(American)" title="Touch football (American)">Touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_football_(American)" title="Street football (American)">Street/Backyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powderpuff_(sports)" title="Powderpuff (sports)">Powderpuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_Football_(American)" title="Wheelchair Football (American)">Wheelchair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gridiron_football_rules" title="List of gridiron football rules">Rules of gridiron football codes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Levels of play</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Youth/midget <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pop_Warner_Little_Scholars" title="Pop Warner Little Scholars">Pop Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Youth_Football" title="American Youth Football">AYF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_school_football" title="High school football">High school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varsity_team" title="Varsity team">Varsity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_varsity_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior varsity team">Junior varsity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">College</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Club_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Club football">Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprint_football" title="Sprint football">Sprint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-professional" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-professional">Semi-pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_gridiron_football" title="Professional gridiron football">Professional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_American_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's American football">Women's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_American_Football" title="International Federation of American Football">International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/American_football_field" title="American football field">Field</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yard_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Yard lines">Yard lines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hash_marks" class="mw-redirect" title="Hash marks">Hash marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_line" title="End line">End line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goal_line_(gridiron_football)" title="Goal line (gridiron football)">Goal line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidelines" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidelines">Sidelines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_scrimmage" title="Line of scrimmage">Line of scrimmage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_goal_range" title="Field goal range">Field goal range</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/End_zone" title="End zone">End zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_zone_(gridiron_football)" title="Red zone (gridiron football)">Red zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_zone_(gridiron_football)" title="Dead zone (gridiron football)">Dead zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_zone_(gridiron_football)" title="Neutral zone (gridiron football)">Neutral zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffin_corner_(American_football)" title="Coffin corner (American football)">Coffin corner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_(gridiron_football)" title="Flat (gridiron football)">Flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gap_(American_football)" title="Gap (American football)">Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hole_(American_football)" title="Hole (American football)">Hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passing_pocket" title="Passing pocket">Pocket</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scoring</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Touchdown" title="Touchdown">Touchdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_(gridiron_football)" title="Conversion (gridiron football)">One-point conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-point_conversion" title="Two-point conversion">Two-point conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_goal" title="Field goal">Field goal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_(gridiron_football_score)" title="Safety (gridiron football score)">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_(football)" title="Single (football)">Single (rouge)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ball handling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snap_(football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Snap (football)">Snap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_pass" title="Forward pass">Forward pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_pass" title="Lateral pass">Lateral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incomplete_pass" title="Incomplete pass">Incomplete pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop-back_pass" title="Drop-back pass">Drop-back pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hail_Mary_pass" title="Hail Mary pass">Hail Mary pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand-off" title="Hand-off">Hand-off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_(gridiron_football)" title="Rush (gridiron football)">Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punt_(gridiron_football)" title="Punt (gridiron football)">Punt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Touchback" title="Touchback">Touchback</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop_kick" title="Drop kick">Drop kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickoff_(gridiron_football)" title="Kickoff (gridiron football)">Kickoff</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Onside_kick" title="Onside kick">Onside kick</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turnover_(gridiron_football)" title="Turnover (gridiron football)">Turnovers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fumble" title="Fumble">Fumble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interception" title="Interception">Interception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muffed_punt" title="Muffed punt">Muffed punt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tillman" title="Charles Tillman">"Peanut Punch"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnover_on_downs" title="Turnover on downs">Turnover on downs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Down_(gridiron_football)" title="Down (gridiron football)">Downs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Down_(gridiron_football)" title="Down (gridiron football)">First down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Down_(gridiron_football)#Three-and-out" title="Down (gridiron football)">Three-and-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_down_conversion" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth down conversion">Fourth down conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_ball#Gridiron_football" title="Dead ball">Dead ball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Play_clock" title="Play clock">Play clock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Time-out_(sport)#American_and_Canadian_football" title="Time-out (sport)">Timeout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarterback_kneel" title="Quarterback kneel">Kneel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_(gridiron_football)" title="Spike (gridiron football)">Spike</a></li> <li>Time warnings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three-minute_warning" title="Three-minute warning">3 min.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-minute_warning" title="Two-minute warning">2 min.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-minute_warning" title="One-minute warning">1 min.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clock_management" title="Clock management">Clock management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running_out_the_clock" title="Running out the clock">Running out the clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untimed_play" title="Untimed play">Untimed play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garbage_time" title="Garbage time">Garbage time</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statistics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-purpose_yardage" title="All-purpose yardage">All-purpose yardage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carry_(gridiron_football)" title="Carry (gridiron football)">Carry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Completion_(American_football)" title="Completion (American football)">Completion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Gen_Stats" title="Next Gen Stats">Next Gen Stats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pass_deflected" title="Pass deflected">Pass deflected</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passer_rating" title="Passer rating">Passer rating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passing_yards" class="mw-redirect" title="Passing yards">Passing yards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reception_(gridiron_football)" title="Reception (gridiron football)">Receiving yards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reception_(gridiron_football)" title="Reception (gridiron football)">Reception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_yards" title="Return yards">Return yards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carry_(gridiron_football)" title="Carry (gridiron football)">Rushing yards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarterback_sack" title="Quarterback sack">Sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_offense" title="Total offense">Total offense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_quarterback_rating" title="Total quarterback rating">Total quarterback rating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touchdown_pass" title="Touchdown pass">Touchdown pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yards_after_catch" title="Yards after catch">Yards after catch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yards_from_scrimmage" title="Yards from scrimmage">Yards from scrimmage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Practice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Practice_squad" title="Practice squad">Practice squad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-a-days_(football)" title="Two-a-days (football)">Two-a-days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_drill" title="Oklahoma drill">Oklahoma drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cone_drill" title="Three-cone drill">Three-cone drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_session" title="Film session">Film session</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Officiating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Official_(gridiron_football)" title="Official (gridiron football)">Official</a> (<a href="/wiki/Official_(American_football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Official (American football)">American</a>, <a href="/wiki/Official_(Canadian_football)" title="Official (Canadian football)">Canadian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_crew" title="Chain crew">Chain crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penalty_(gridiron_football)" title="Penalty (gridiron football)">Penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penalty_flag" title="Penalty flag">Penalty flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replay_review_in_gridiron_football" title="Replay review in gridiron football">Instant replay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gridiron_ball" class="mw-redirect" title="Gridiron ball">Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_(American_football)" title="Blocking (American football)">Blocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coaching_tree" title="Coaching tree">Coaching tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concussions_in_American_football" title="Concussions in American football">Concussions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protective_equipment_in_gridiron_football" title="Protective equipment in gridiron football">Equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_IQ" title="Football IQ">Football IQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formation_(American_football)" title="Formation (American football)">Formations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_formations_in_American_football" title="List of formations in American football">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letterman_(sports)" title="Letterman (sports)">Letterman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatorade_shower" title="Gatorade shower">Gatorade shower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overtime_(sports)#American_and_Canadian_football" title="Overtime (sports)">Overtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_football_plays" title="American football plays">Plays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_football_positions" title="American football positions">Positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running_up_the_score" title="Running up the score">Running up the score</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_football_strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="American football strategy">Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touchdown_celebration" title="Touchdown celebration">Touchdown celebration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuck_rule_(American_football)" title="Tuck rule (American football)">Tuck rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_football_card" title="American football card">Trading card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_man_(football)" title="12th man (football)">Twelfth man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gridiron_football_plays" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gridiron_football_plays" title="Template:Gridiron football plays"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gridiron_football_plays" title="Template talk:Gridiron football plays"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gridiron_football_plays" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gridiron football plays"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gridiron_football_plays" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gridiron football</a> <a href="/wiki/American_football_plays" title="American football plays">plays</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Play_from_scrimmage" title="Play from scrimmage">Play from scrimmage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Play_calling_system" title="Play calling system">Play calling system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Offense</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rush_(gridiron_football)" title="Rush (gridiron football)">Rush</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quarterback_keeper" title="Quarterback keeper">Keeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bootleg_play" title="Bootleg play">Bootleg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarterback_sneak" title="Quarterback sneak">Sneak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dive_(American_football)" title="Dive (American football)">Dive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_run" title="Power run">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter_run" title="Counter run">Counter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off-tackle_run" title="Off-tackle run">Off-tackle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_run" title="End run">End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Option_offense" title="Option offense">Option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweep_(American_football)" title="Sweep (American football)">Sweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toss_play" title="Toss play">Toss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trap_run" title="Trap run">Trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veer" title="Veer">Veer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_run" title="Zone run">Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draw_play" title="Draw play">Draw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pass</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forward_pass" title="Forward pass">Forward pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Play-action_pass" title="Play-action pass">Play-action pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incomplete_pass" title="Incomplete pass">Incomplete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_pass" title="Lateral pass">Lateral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checkdown" title="Checkdown">Checkdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_pass" title="Screen pass">Screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop-back_pass" title="Drop-back pass">Drop-back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hail_Mary_pass" title="Hail Mary pass">Hail Mary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hail_Mary_passes" title="List of Hail Mary passes">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alley-oop_(American_football)" title="Alley-oop (American football)">Alley-oop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defense</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man-to-man_defense" title="Man-to-man defense">Man-to-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_defense_in_American_football" title="Zone defense in American football">Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blitz_(American_football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blitz (American football)">Blitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_blitz" title="Zone blitz">Zone blitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Touchback" title="Touchback">Touchback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickoff_(gridiron_football)" title="Kickoff (gridiron football)">Kickoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickoff_(gridiron_football)#Return" title="Kickoff (gridiron football)">Kickoff return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punt_(gridiron_football)" title="Punt (gridiron football)">Punt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punt_(gridiron_football)#Return" title="Punt (gridiron football)">Punt return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop_kick" title="Drop kick">Drop kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_kick" title="Place kick">Place kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_catch" title="Fair catch">Fair catch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_catch_kick" title="Fair catch kick">Fair catch kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onside_kick" title="Onside kick">Onside kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squib_kick" title="Squib kick">Squib kick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trick_play" title="Trick play">Trick play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_kick" title="Quick kick">Quick kick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gridiron_football_maneuvers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gridiron_football_maneuvers" title="Template:Gridiron football maneuvers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gridiron_football_maneuvers" title="Template talk:Gridiron football maneuvers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gridiron_football_maneuvers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gridiron football maneuvers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gridiron_football_maneuvers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gridiron football</a> maneuvers</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huddle" title="Huddle">Huddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stance_(American_football)" title="Stance (American football)">Stance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Three-point_stance" title="Three-point stance">three-point</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Offense</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snap_(gridiron_football)" title="Snap (gridiron football)">Snap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand-off" title="Hand-off">Hand-off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_(American_football)" title="Blocking (American football)">Blocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulling_(American_football)" title="Pulling (American football)">Pulling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiral_(football)" title="Spiral (football)">Spiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Route_(gridiron_football)" title="Route (gridiron football)">Routes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_fake" title="Pump fake">Pump fake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutback_(move)" title="Cutback (move)">Cutback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juke_(football_move)" title="Juke (football move)">Juke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_pass" title="Forward pass">Forward pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_pass" title="Lateral pass">Lateral pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stiff-arm_fend" title="Stiff-arm fend">Stiff arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarterback_scramble" title="Quarterback scramble">Scramble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shift_(gridiron_football)" title="Shift (gridiron football)">Shift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_(gridiron_football)" title="Motion (gridiron football)">Motion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defense</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tackle_(football_move)" title="Tackle (football move)">Tackle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pass_rush" title="Pass rush">Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stunt_(gridiron_football)" title="Stunt (gridiron football)">Stunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blitz_(gridiron_football)" title="Blitz (gridiron football)">Blitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gap_(American_football)" title="Gap (American football)">Shooting the gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bump_and_run_coverage" title="Bump and run coverage">Bump and run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_coverage" title="Double coverage">Double coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_(gridiron_football)" title="Spy (gridiron football)">Spy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_football_strategy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_football_strategy" title="Template:American football strategy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_football_strategy" title="Template talk:American football strategy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_football_strategy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American football strategy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_football_strategy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_football_strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="American football strategy">American football strategy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One-platoon_system" title="One-platoon system">One-platoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-platoon_system" title="Two-platoon system">Two-platoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Play_calling_system" title="Play calling system">Play calling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Offensive <a href="/wiki/American_football_plays" title="American football plays">strategy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scheme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-11_offense" title="A-11 offense">A-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Coryell" title="Air Coryell">Air Coryell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_raid_offense" title="Air raid offense">Air raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buck-lateral_series" title="Buck-lateral series">Buck-lateral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurry-up_offense" title="Hurry-up offense">Hurry-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_offense" title="Multiple offense">Multiple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Option_offense" title="Option offense">Option</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Run-pass_option" title="Run-pass option">Run-pass option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_option" title="Triple option">Triple option</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-style_offense" title="Pro-style offense">Pro-style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run_and_shoot_offense" title="Run and shoot offense">Run and shoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smashmouth_offense" title="Smashmouth offense">Smashmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_offense" title="Spread offense">Spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_offense" title="West Coast offense">West Coast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Route_(gridiron_football)" title="Route (gridiron football)">Routes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chair_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Chair route">Chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corner_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Corner route">Corner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossing_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossing route">Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curl_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Curl route">Curl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Drag route">Drag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Flat route">Flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fly_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Fly route">Fly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot route">Hot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerk_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerk route">Jerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Out route">Out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Post route">Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_pass" title="Screen pass">Screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seam_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Seam route">Seam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slant_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Slant route">Slant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sluggo_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Sluggo route">Sluggo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop-and-go_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop-and-go route">Stop-and-go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Swing route">Swing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheel route">Wheel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trick_play" title="Trick play">Trick plays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Play-action_pass" title="Play-action pass">Play-action pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draw_play" title="Draw play">Draw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_pass" title="Double pass">Double pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End-around" title="End-around">End-around</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_(American_football)" title="Reverse (American football)">Reverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinner_play" title="Spinner play">Spinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fake_field_goal" title="Fake field goal">Fake field goal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fake_punt" title="Fake punt">Fake punt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fake_spike" title="Fake spike">Fake spike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fake_procedure" title="Fake procedure">Fake procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flea_flicker" title="Flea flicker">Flea flicker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fumblerooski" title="Fumblerooski">Fumblerooski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_ball_trick" title="Hidden ball trick">Hidden ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook_and_ladder_(football)" title="Hook and ladder (football)">Hook and lateral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty_play" title="Statue of Liberty play">Statue of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfback_option_play" title="Halfback option play">Halfback option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_count_(gridiron_football)" title="Hard count (gridiron football)">Hard count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Play" title="Pyramid Play">Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinging_gate_(American_football)" title="Swinging gate (American football)">Swinging gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tackle-eligible_play" title="Tackle-eligible play">Tackle-eligible</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clock_management" title="Clock management">Clock management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hail_Mary_pass" title="Hail Mary pass">Hail Mary pass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defensive strategy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scheme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man-to-man_defense" title="Man-to-man defense">Man-to-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_defense_in_American_football" title="Zone defense in American football">Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tampa_2" title="Tampa 2">Tampa 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bump_and_run_coverage" title="Bump and run coverage">Bump and run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_coverage" title="Double coverage">Double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_defense_in_American_football" title="Zone defense in American football">Zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Icing_the_kicker" title="Icing the kicker">Icing the kicker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stunt_(gridiron_football)" title="Stunt (gridiron football)">Stunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_(gridiron_football)" title="Spy (gridiron football)">Spy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Formation_(American_football)#Offense" title="Formation (American football)">Offensive formations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T_formation" title="T formation">T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split-T" title="Split-T">Split-T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_formation" title="I formation">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_formation" title="A formation">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-wing_formation" title="Single-wing formation">Single-wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_punt_formation" title="Short punt formation">Short punt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotgun_formation" title="Shotgun formation">Shotgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro_set" title="Pro set">Pro set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_set_back" title="Single set back">Single set back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wishbone_formation" title="Wishbone formation">Wishbone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexbone_formation" title="Flexbone formation">Flexbone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol_offense" title="Pistol offense">Pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol-Flex_formation" title="Pistol-Flex formation">Pistol-Flex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trips_formation" title="Trips formation">Trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildcat_formation" title="Wildcat formation">Wildcat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jump_shift" title="Jump shift">Jump shift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_shift" title="Minnesota shift">Minnesota shift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Box" title="Notre Dame Box">Notre Dame Box</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Formation_(American_football)#Defense" title="Formation (American football)">Defensive formations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-level_defense" title="Two-level defense">2-level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%E2%80%933_defense" title="4–3 defense">4–3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miami_4%E2%80%933_defense" title="Miami 4–3 defense">Miami 4–3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Cover_3_defense" title="Seattle Cover 3 defense">Seattle Cover 3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%E2%80%934_defense" title="3–4 defense">3–4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%E2%80%933%E2%80%935_defense" title="3–3–5 defense">3–3–5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%E2%80%934_defense" title="4–4 defense">4–4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/46_defense" title="46 defense">46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%E2%80%932_defense" title="5–2 defense">5–2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5%E2%80%933_defense" title="5–3 defense">5–3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6%E2%80%932_defense" title="6–2 defense">6–2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%E2%80%932%E2%80%932_defense" title="7–2–2 defense">7–2–2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%E2%80%931%E2%80%932%E2%80%931_defense" title="7–1–2–1 defense">7–1–2–1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dime_defense" title="Dime defense">Dime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickel_defense" title="Nickel defense">Nickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevent_defense" title="Prevent defense">Prevent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-in-the-box_defense" title="Eight-in-the-box defense">8-in-the-box</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resting_the_starters" title="Resting the starters">Resting the starters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:American_football_strategy" title="Category:American football strategy">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_football_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_football_in_the_United_States" title="Template:American football in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_football_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:American football in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_football_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American football in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_football_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_football_in_the_United_States" title="American football in the United States">American football in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_football" title="History of American football">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_American_football" title="Early history of American football">Early</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_Union" title="American Football Union">American Football Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercollegiate_Football_Association" title="Intercollegiate Football Association">Intercollegiate Football Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League_(1902)" title="National Football League (1902)">National Football League (1902)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Pro_Football_League" title="New York Pro Football League">New York Pro Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_League" title="Ohio League">Ohio League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Pennsylvania_Professional_Football_Circuit" title="Western Pennsylvania Professional Football Circuit">Western Pennsylvania Professional Football Circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Series_of_Football_(1902%E2%80%9303)" title="World Series of Football (1902–03)">World Series of Football (1902–03)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_American_football" title="Modern history of American football">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada">Major</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-America_Football_Conference" title="All-America Football Conference">All-America Football Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1926)" title="American Football League (1926)">American Football League (1926)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League" title="American Football League">American Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1936)" title="American Football League (1936)">American Football League (1936)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1940)" title="American Football League (1940)">American Football League (1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Football_League" title="United States Football League">United States Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Football_League" title="World Football League">World Football League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minor_league" title="Minor league">Minor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_American_Football" title="Alliance of American Football">Alliance of American Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_(American_football)" title="American Association (American football)">American Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthracite_League" title="Anthracite League">Anthracite League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Football_League" title="Atlantic Coast Football League">Atlantic Coast Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Football_League" title="Continental Football League">Continental Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixie_League_(American_football)" title="Dixie League (American football)">Dixie League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_Football_League_(1935%E2%80%931940)" title="Midwest Football League (1935–1940)">Midwest Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_Europe" title="NFL Europe">NFL Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League" title="Pacific Coast Professional Football League">Pacific Coast Professional Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Football_League_(1961%E2%80%931964)" title="United Football League (1961–1964)">United Football League (1961–1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Football_League_(2009%E2%80%932012)" title="United Football League (2009–2012)">United Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Football_League_(2022)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Football League (2022)">United States Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFL_(2001)" title="XFL (2001)">XFL (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFL_(2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="XFL (2020)">XFL (2020)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Developmental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Spring_League" title="The Spring League">The Spring League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Your_Call_Football" title="Your Call Football">Your Call Football</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Halls of fame</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pro_Football_Hall_of_Fame" title="Pro Football Hall of Fame">Professional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Football_Hall_of_Fame" title="College Football Hall of Fame">College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_Hall_of_Fame" title="Arena Football Hall of Fame">Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_Football_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoor Football Hall of Fame">Indoor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Professional_gridiron_football" title="Professional gridiron football">Professional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_National_Football_League" title="History of the National Football League">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_playoffs" title="NFL playoffs">Playoffs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFC_Championship_Game" title="AFC Championship Game">AFC Championship Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFC_Championship_Game" title="NFC Championship Game">NFC Championship Game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro_Bowl" title="Pro Bowl">Pro Bowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">Super Bowl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minor_league_football_(gridiron)" title="Minor league football (gridiron)">Other outdoor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A7FL" title="A7FL">American 7s Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Football_League_(2024)" title="United Football League (2024)">United Football League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indoor_American_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoor American football">Indoor leagues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Arena_League" title="American Arena League">American Arena League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_Association" title="Arena Football Association">Arena Football Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_West_Football_Conference" title="American West Football Conference">American West Football Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_League" title="Arena Football League">Arena Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indoor_Football" title="American Indoor Football">American Indoor Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champions_Indoor_Football" title="Champions Indoor Football">Champions Indoor Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_Football_League" title="Indoor Football League">Indoor Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Arena_League" title="National Arena League">National Arena League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Arena_Football" title="Great Lakes Arena Football">Great Lakes Arena Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_Controlled_Football" title="Fan Controlled Football">Fan Controlled Football</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed leagues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Patriot_League" title="American Patriot League">American Patriot League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Spring_Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="American Spring Football League">American Spring Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Football_League" title="Freedom Football League">Freedom Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Arena_League" title="The Arena League">The Arena League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Football_Researchers_Association" title="Professional Football Researchers Association">Researchers Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">College</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Football_Bowl_Subdivision" title="NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision">FBS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_football_national_championships_in_NCAA_Division_I_FBS" title="College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS">National championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Football_Playoff_National_Championship" title="College Football Playoff National Championship">Playoff National Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Football_Playoff" title="College Football Playoff">Playoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowl_game" title="Bowl game">Bowl game</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Football_Championship_Subdivision" title="NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision">FCS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Football_Championship" title="NCAA Division I Football Championship">Championship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics" title="National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics">NAIA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Football_National_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Football National Championship">National Championship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Junior_College_Athletic_Association" title="National Junior College Athletic Association">NJCAA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NJCAA_National_Football_Championship" title="NJCAA National Football Championship">Championship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Signing_Day" title="National Signing Day">National Signing Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Junior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High_school_football" title="High school football">High school</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_School_Football_National_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="High School Football National Championship">High School Football National Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_State_High_School_Associations" title="National Federation of State High School Associations">National Federation of State High School Associations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Signing_Day" title="National Signing Day">National Signing Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Youth / middle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Youth_Football" title="American Youth Football">American Youth Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_Warner_Little_Scholars" title="Pop Warner Little Scholars">Pop Warner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_American_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's American football">Women's</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legends_Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Legends Football League">Extreme Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Women%27s_Football_League" title="United States Women's Football League">United States Women's Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Football_Alliance" title="Women's Football Alliance">Women's Football Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Football_Conference" title="Women's National Football Conference">Women's National Football Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USA_Football" title="USA Football">USA Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_men%27s_national_American_football_team" title="United States men's national American football team">National men's team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_American_football_team" title="United States women's national American football team">National women's team</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_football_films" title="List of American football films">List of American football films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_American_football" title="Donald Trump and American football">Donald Trump and American football</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:American_football_in_the_United_States" title="Category:American football in the United States">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:American_football_in_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:American football in the United States">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:American_football" title="Portal:American football">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_American_football" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_American_football" title="Template:International American football"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_American_football" title="Template talk:International American football"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_American_football" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International American football"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_American_football" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">International <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_American_Football" title="International Federation of American Football">IFAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFAF_World_Championship" title="IFAF World Championship">World Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFAF_Women%27s_World_Championship" title="IFAF Women's World Championship">Women's World Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFAF_Junior_World_Championship" title="IFAF Junior World Championship">Junior World Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_University_American_Football_Championship" title="World University American Football Championship">World University Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_football_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="American football at the Summer Olympics">Olympics</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_football_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="American football at the 1904 Summer Olympics">1904</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_football_at_the_1932_Summer_Olympics" title="American football at the 1932 Summer Olympics">1932</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_football_at_the_2028_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag football at the 2028 Summer Olympics">2028 flag</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_football_at_the_World_Games" title="American football at the World Games">World Games</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_football_at_the_2005_World_Games" title="American football at the 2005 World Games">2005</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_football_at_the_2017_World_Games" title="American football at the 2017 World Games">2017</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_football_at_the_2022_World_Games" title="Flag football at the 2022 World Games">2022 flag</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1em;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FDB813;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IFAF_Africa" title="IFAF Africa">IFAF Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IFAF_members.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/IFAF_members.svg/220px-IFAF_members.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/IFAF_members.svg/330px-IFAF_members.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/IFAF_members.svg/440px-IFAF_members.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1em;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #ED3D40;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IFAF_Asia" title="IFAF Asia">IFAF Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_flag_football_at_the_2014_Asian_Beach_Games" title="Beach flag football at the 2014 Asian Beach Games">Beach flag football at the 2014 Asian Beach Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1em;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #0080C7;">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IFAF_Americas" title="IFAF Americas">IFAF Americas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1em;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #018440;">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IFAF_Europe" title="IFAF Europe">IFAF Europe</a>: <a href="/wiki/European_Championship_of_American_football" title="European Championship of American football">European Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_European_Championship_of_American_football" title="Women's European Championship of American football">Women's European Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Junior_Championship_of_American_football" title="European Junior Championship of American football">European Junior Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_League_of_Football" title="European League of Football">ELF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIG6_European_Football_League" title="BIG6 European Football League">BIG6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurobowl" title="Eurobowl">Eurobowl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Football_League" title="European Football League">EFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EFAF_Cup" title="EFAF Cup">EFAF Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EFAF_Challenge_Cup" title="EFAF Challenge Cup">EFAF Challenge Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EFAF_Euro_Top_20" title="EFAF Euro Top 20">EFAF Euro Top 20</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1em;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #807F85;">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IFAF_Oceania" title="IFAF Oceania">IFAF Oceania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Football_codes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Football_codes" title="Template:Football codes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Football_codes" title="Template talk:Football codes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Football_codes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Football codes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Football_codes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Football" title="Football">Football codes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amputee_football" title="Amputee football">Amputee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_soccer" title="Beach soccer">Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_soccer" title="Crab soccer">Crab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-a-side_football" title="Five-a-side football">Five-a-side</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">Futsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_soccer" title="Indoor soccer">Indoor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_football" title="Freestyle football">Freestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keepie_uppie" title="Keepie uppie">Keepie uppie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hacky_sack" title="Hacky sack">Footbag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paralympic_association_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Paralympic association football">Paralympic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powerchair_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="Powerchair Football">Powerchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jorkyball" title="Jorkyball">Jorkyball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_soccer" title="Roller soccer">Roller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_goalie" title="Rush goalie">Rush goalie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_football" title="Swamp football">Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_football_(association_football)" title="Street football (association football)">Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-sided_football" title="Three-sided football">Three-sided</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_football" title="Walking football">Walking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFLX" title="AFLX">AFLX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_football" title="Lightning football">Lightning football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_footy" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro footy">Metro footy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-a-side_footy" title="Nine-a-side footy">Nine-a-side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec_footy" title="Rec footy">Rec footy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variations_of_Australian_rules_football" title="Variations of Australian rules football">Variations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gridiron</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eight-man_football" title="Eight-man football">Eight-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_football" title="Flag football">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-man_football" title="Nine-man football">Nine-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A7FL" title="A7FL">Seven-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-man_football" title="Six-man football">Six-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprint_football" title="Sprint football">Sprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_football_(American)" title="Touch football (American)">Touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_Football_(American)" title="Wheelchair Football (American)">Wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_football" title="Arena football">Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">Rugby</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">League</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masters_Rugby_League" title="Masters Rugby League">Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_league" title="Mod league">Mod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_nines" title="Rugby league nines">Nines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_sevens" title="Rugby league sevens">Sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_rugby" title="Tag rugby">Tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_rugby_league" title="Wheelchair rugby league">Wheelchair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_disability_rugby_league" title="Physical disability rugby league">PD Rugby League</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_flag_rugby" title="American flag rugby">American flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_rugby" title="Beach rugby">Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_rugby" title="Mini rugby">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens" title="Rugby sevens">Sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_rugby" title="Snow rugby">Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_rugby" title="Tag rugby">Tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_rugby" title="Touch rugby">Touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_tens" title="Rugby tens">Tens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_X" title="Rugby X">X</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambo_rugby" title="Tambo rugby">Tambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_(sport)" title="Touch (sport)">Touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_rugby" title="Wheelchair rugby">Wheelchair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circle_rules_football" title="Circle rules football">Circle rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrow_football" title="Harrow football">Harrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelo_burti" title="Lelo burti">Lelo burti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hybrid_sports" title="List of hybrid sports">Hybrid codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austus" title="Austus">Austus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_game" title="Boston game">Boston game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eton_field_game" title="Eton field game">Eton field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eton_wall_game" title="Eton wall game">Eton wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rules_football" title="International rules football">International rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa_rules" title="Samoa rules">Samoa rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedball_(American_ball_game)" title="Speedball (American ball game)">Speedball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_football_(code)" title="Swedish football (code)">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_football" title="Universal football">Universal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volata" title="Volata">Volata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rules and<br /> regulations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laws_of_the_Game_(association_football)" title="Laws of the Game (association football)">Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gridiron_football_rules" title="List of gridiron football rules">Gridiron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_football_rules" title="American football rules">American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_of_rugby_league" title="Laws of rugby league">Rugby league</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_of_rugby_union" title="Laws of rugby union">Rugby union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_rules" title="Cambridge rules">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Rules" title="Sheffield Rules">Sheffield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caid_(sport)" title="Caid (sport)">Caid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuju" title="Cuju">Cuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcio_Fiorentino" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcio Fiorentino">Calcio Fiorentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_public_school_football_games" title="English public school football games">English school games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episkyros" title="Episkyros">Episkyros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpastum" title="Harpastum">Harpastum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_soule" title="La soule">La soule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marn_Grook" title="Marn Grook">Marn Grook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_football" title="Medieval football">Medieval</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba game">Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camping_(game)" title="Camping (game)">Camping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cnapan" title="Cnapan">Cnapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_hurling" title="Cornish hurling">Cornish hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_division_football" title="Old division football">Old Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Shrovetide_Football" title="Royal Shrovetide Football">Royal Shrovetide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppies_and_Downies" title="Uppies and Downies">Uppies and Downies</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_football" title="History of American football">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_American_football" title="Early history of American football">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_American_football" title="Modern history of American football">Modern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_association_football" title="History of association football">Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australian_rules_football" title="History of Australian rules football">Australian rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rugby_league" title="History of rugby league">Rugby league</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rugby_union" title="History of rugby union">Rugby union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_American_football_and_Canadian_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of American football and Canadian football">American and Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_American_football_and_rugby_league" title="Comparison of American football and rugby league">American and rugby league</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_American_football_and_rugby_union" title="Comparison of American football and rugby union">American and rugby union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_association_football_and_futsal" title="Comparison of association football and futsal">Association and futsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_association_football_and_rugby_union" title="Comparison of association football and rugby union">Association and rugby union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Canadian_football_and_rugby_league" title="Comparison of Canadian football and rugby league">Canadian and rugby league</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Canadian_football_and_rugby_union" title="Comparison of Canadian football and rugby union">Canadian and rugby union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Gaelic_football_and_Australian_rules_football" title="Comparison of Gaelic football and Australian rules football">Gaelic and Australian rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Gaelic_football_and_rugby_union" title="Comparison of Gaelic football and rugby union">Gaelic and rugby union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_rugby_league_and_rugby_union" title="Comparison of rugby league and rugby union">Rugby league and rugby union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Memorabilia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_football_card" title="American football card">American football card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_football_card" title="Association football card">Association football card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football_card" title="Australian rules football card">Australian rules football card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_card" title="Rugby card">Rugby card</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_ban_football_games" title="Attempts to ban football games">Attempts to ban football games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldest_football_clubs" title="Oldest football clubs">Oldest clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldest_football_competitions" class="mw-redirect" title="Oldest football competitions">Oldest competitions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Team_sports" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Team_sports" title="Template:Team sports"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Team_sports" title="Template talk:Team sports"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Team_sports" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Team sports"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Team_sports" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Team_sport" title="Team sport">Team sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_governing_body" title="Sports governing body">Governing bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">National sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_sportspeople" title="Lists of sportspeople">Sportspeople</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion games">Invasion games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basket sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_basketball" class="mw-redirect" title="Beach basketball">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deaf_basketball" title="Deaf basketball">deaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3x3_basketball" title="3x3 basketball">3x3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_basketball" title="Water basketball">water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_basketball" title="Wheelchair basketball">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cestoball" title="Cestoball">Cestoball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dueball" title="Dueball">Dueball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korfball" title="Korfball">Korfball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netball" title="Netball">Netball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast5_netball" title="Fast5 netball">Fast5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_netball" title="Indoor netball">indoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_netball" title="Wheelchair netball">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezball" title="Rezball">Rezball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringball" title="Ringball">Ringball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slamball" class="mw-redirect" title="Slamball">Slamball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Football" title="Football">Football</a><br />codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amputee_football" title="Amputee football">amputee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_soccer" title="Beach soccer">beach soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_football" title="Freestyle football">freestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">futsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_soccer" title="Indoor soccer">Indoor soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minifootball" title="Minifootball">minifootball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paralympic_football" title="Paralympic football">paralympic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powerchair_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="Powerchair Football">powerchair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_soccer" title="Roller soccer">roller soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socca" title="Socca">socca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_football_(association_football)" title="Street football (association football)">street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teqball" title="Teqball">teqball‎</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFLX" title="AFLX">AFLX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_football" title="Lightning football">Lightning football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_footy" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro footy">Metro footy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-a-side_footy" title="Nine-a-side footy">Nine-a-side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec_footy" title="Rec footy">Rec footy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Gaelic_football" title="Ladies' Gaelic football">Ladies'</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_rules_football" title="Circle rules football">Circle rules football</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gridiron</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eight-man_football" title="Eight-man football">eight-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_football" title="Flag football">flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-man_football" title="Nine-man football">nine-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-man_football" title="Six-man football">six-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprint_football" title="Sprint football">sprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_football_(American)" title="Touch football (American)">touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_Football_(American)" title="Wheelchair Football (American)">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_football" title="Arena football">Arena football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hybrid_sports" title="List of hybrid sports">Hybrid</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austus" title="Austus">Austus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eton_wall_game" title="Eton wall game">Eton wall game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rules_football" title="International rules football">International rules football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa_rules" title="Samoa rules">Samoa rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedball_(American_ball_game)" title="Speedball (American ball game)">Speedball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_football_(code)" title="Swedish football (code)">Swedish football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_football" title="Universal football">Universal football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volata" title="Volata">Volata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_football" title="Medieval football">Medieval/historical<br />football</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba game">Ba game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caid_(sport)" title="Caid (sport)">Caid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcio_Fiorentino" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcio Fiorentino">Calcio fiorentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camping_(game)" title="Camping (game)">Camping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cnapan" title="Cnapan">Cnapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_hurling" title="Cornish hurling">Cornish hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuju" title="Cuju">Cuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpastum" title="Harpastum">Harpastum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemari" title="Kemari">Kemari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_soule" title="La soule">La soule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelo_burti" title="Lelo burti">Lelo burti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marn_Grook" title="Marn Grook">Marn grook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasuckuakohowog" title="Pasuckuakohowog">Pasuckuakohowog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Shrovetide_Football" title="Royal Shrovetide Football">Royal Shrovetide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppies_and_Downies" title="Uppies and Downies">Uppies and downies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">Rugby</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">Rugby league</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masters_Rugby_League" title="Masters Rugby League">masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_league" title="Mod league">mod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_nines" title="Rugby league nines">nines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_sevens" title="Rugby league sevens">sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_rugby" title="Tag rugby">tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_rugby_league" title="Wheelchair rugby league">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_flag_rugby" title="American flag rugby">American flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_rugby" title="Beach rugby">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_rugby" title="Mini rugby">mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens" title="Rugby sevens">sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_rugby" title="Snow rugby">snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_rugby" title="Tag rugby">tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambo_rugby" title="Tambo rugby">Tambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_rugby" title="Touch rugby">touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_tens" title="Rugby tens">tens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_X" title="Rugby X">X</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_(sport)" title="Touch (sport)">Touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_rugby" title="Wheelchair rugby">Wheelchair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other related codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuju" title="Cuju">Cuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%AB-o-rahi" title="Kī-o-rahi">Kī-o-rahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jegichagi" title="Jegichagi">Jegichagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubi_lakpi" title="Yubi lakpi">Yubi lakpi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stick-and-ball<br />sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bando_(sport)" title="Bando (sport)">Bando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cammag" title="Cammag">Cammag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateball" title="Gateball">Gateball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">Hurling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camogie" title="Camogie">Camogie</a></li> <li>Super11s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_rules_shinty%E2%80%93hurling" title="Composite rules shinty–hurling">Shinty–Hurling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_North_American_stickball" title="Indigenous North American stickball">Indigenous North American stickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iomain" title="Iomain">Iomain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knattleikr" title="Knattleikr">Knattleikr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knotty" title="Knotty">Knotty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse" title="Lacrosse">Lacrosse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_lacrosse" title="Box lacrosse">box/indoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_lacrosse" title="Field lacrosse">field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercrosse" title="Intercrosse">intercrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_lacrosse" title="Women's lacrosse">women's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritinis" title="Ritinis">Ritinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinty" title="Shinty">Shinty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composite_rules_shinty%E2%80%93hurling" title="Composite rules shinty–hurling">Shinty–Hurling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hockey" title="Hockey">Hockey</a> sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_hockey" title="Ball hockey">Ball hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandy" title="Bandy">Bandy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rink_bandy" title="Rink bandy">rink</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broomball" title="Broomball">Broomball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">Field hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_hockey" title="Indoor hockey">indoor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor_hockey" title="Floor hockey">Floor hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floorball" title="Floorball">Floorball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pond_hockey" title="Pond hockey">pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_hockey" title="Power hockey">power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sledge_hockey" title="Sledge hockey">ice sledge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringette" title="Ringette">Ringette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinkball" title="Rinkball">Rinkball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_hockey" title="Roller hockey">Roller hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roller_in-line_hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Roller in-line hockey">in-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_hockey_(quad)" title="Roller hockey (quad)">quad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossall_Hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossall Hockey">Rossall hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinny" title="Shinny">Shinny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_hockey" title="Street hockey">Street hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_hockey" title="Underwater hockey">Underwater hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicycle_hockey" title="Unicycle hockey">Unicycle hockey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">Polo</a> sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_polo" title="Auto polo">Auto polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_polo" title="Cowboy polo">Cowboy polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_polo" title="Cycle polo">Cycle polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_polo" title="Elephant polo">Elephant polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobby_horse_polo" title="Hobby horse polo">Hobby horse polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseball" title="Horseball">Horseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motoball" title="Motoball">Motoball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pato" title="Pato">Pato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">Polo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arena_polo" title="Arena polo">Arena polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chovgan" title="Chovgan">Chovgan</a></li> <li>Snow polo</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polocrosse" title="Polocrosse">Polocrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segway_polo" title="Segway polo">Segway polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak_polo" title="Yak polo">Yak polo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other ball sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angleball" title="Angleball">Angleball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_ball" title="Cycle ball">Cycle ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodgeball" title="Dodgeball">Dodgeball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flickerball" title="Flickerball">Flickerball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gain-ground" title="Gain-ground">Gain-ground</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balle_%C3%A0_la_main" title="Balle à la main">Balle à la main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballon_au_poing" title="Ballon au poing">Ballon au poing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeu_de_paume" title="Jeu de paume">Jeu de paume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longue_paume" title="Longue paume">Longue paume</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goalball" title="Goalball">Goalball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">Handball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_handball" title="Beach handball">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_handball" title="Czech handball">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_handball" title="Field handball">field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_handball" title="Wheelchair handball">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaatsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaatsen">Kaatsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kin-Ball" title="Kin-Ball">Kin-Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagori" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagori">Lagori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_ballgame" title="Mesoamerican ballgame">Mesoamerican ballgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelota_mixteca" title="Pelota mixteca">Pelota mixteca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisonball" title="Prisonball">Prisonball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushball" title="Pushball">Pushball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quidditch_(real-life_sport)" title="Quidditch (real-life sport)">Quidditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_ball" title="Roll ball">Roll ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamburello" title="Tamburello">Tamburello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tchoukball" title="Tchoukball">Tchoukball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulama_(game)" title="Ulama (game)">Ulama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_pilota" title="Valencian pilota">Valencian pilota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Llargues" title="Llargues">Llargues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whirlyball" title="Whirlyball">Whirlyball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukigassen" title="Yukigassen">Yukigassen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bat-and-ball_games" title="Bat-and-ball games">Bat-and-ball<br />games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Variations_of_baseball" title="Variations of baseball">Baseball variants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball5" title="Baseball5">Baseball5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A4nnboll" title="Brännboll">Brännboll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corkball" title="Corkball">Corkball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickball" title="Kickball">Kickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matball" title="Matball">Matball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-the-line" title="Over-the-line">Over-the-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pes%C3%A4pallo" title="Pesäpallo">Pesäpallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rounders" title="Rounders">Rounders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlagball" title="Schlagball">Schlagball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">Softball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fastpitch_softball" title="Fastpitch softball">Fastpitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-inch_softball" title="16-inch softball">16-inch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickball_(street_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stickball (street game)">Stickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitilla" title="Vitilla">Vitilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_baseball" title="British baseball">British baseball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="English baseball">English baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh baseball">Welsh baseball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiffle_ball" title="Wiffle ball">Wiffle ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_ball" title="Town ball">Town ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireball" title="Wireball">Wireball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forms_of_cricket" title="Forms of cricket">Cricket variants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Day_International" title="One Day International">One Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty20_International" title="Twenty20 International">Twenty20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_cricket" title="Indoor cricket">Indoor cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigoro" title="Vigoro">Vigoro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_longball" title="Danish longball">Danish longball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapta_(game)" title="Lapta (game)">Lapta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oin%C4%83" title="Oină">Oină</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoolball" title="Stoolball">Stoolball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Net_and_wall_games" title="Net and wall games">Net and wall games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_badminton" title="Ball badminton">Ball badminton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biribol" title="Biribol">Biribol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bossaball" title="Bossaball">Bossaball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fistball" title="Fistball">Fistball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fives" title="Fives">Fives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eton_fives" title="Eton fives">Eton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_fives" title="Rugby fives">Rugby</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footbag_net" title="Footbag net">Footbag net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_tennis" title="Football tennis">Football tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footvolley" title="Footvolley">Footvolley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianzi" title="Jianzi">Jianzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jokgu" title="Jokgu">Jokgu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcomb_ball" title="Newcomb ball">Newcomb ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peteca" title="Peteca">Peteca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepak_takraw" title="Sepak takraw">Sepak takraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throwball" title="Throwball">Throwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_volleyball" title="Beach volleyball">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">indoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitting_volleyball" title="Sitting volleyball">sitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_volleyball" title="Standing volleyball">standing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball_variations#Pioneerball" title="Volleyball variations">pioneerball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_volleyball" title="Snow volleyball">snow</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tag_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag sports">Tag sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kho_kho" title="Kho kho">Kho kho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chase_Tag" title="World Chase Tag">World Chase Tag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Water_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Water sports">Water sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_swimming" title="Synchronized swimming">Synchronized swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_football" title="Underwater football">Underwater football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_rugby" title="Underwater rugby">Underwater rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">Water polo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_polo" title="Canoe polo">canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_tube_water_polo" title="Inner tube water polo">inner tube</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacht_racing" title="Yacht racing">Yacht racing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other non-ball sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airsoft" title="Airsoft">Airsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo-taoshi" title="Bo-taoshi">Bo-taoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzkashi" title="Buzkashi">Buzkashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_(juggling)" title="Combat (juggling)">Combat (juggling)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curling" title="Curling">Curling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_curling" title="Wheelchair curling">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guts_(flying_disc_game)" title="Guts (flying disc game)">Guts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornussen" title="Hornussen">Hornussen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jereed" title="Jereed">Jereed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makura-Nage" title="Makura-Nage">Makura-Nage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paintball" title="Paintball">Paintball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_derby" title="Roller derby">Roller derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_skating" title="Synchronized skating">Synchronized skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_of_war" title="Tug of war">Tug of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultimate (sport)">Ultimate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Professional_gridiron_football_leagues_in_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Professional_gridiron_football_leagues_in_North_America" title="Template:Professional gridiron football leagues in North America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Professional_gridiron_football_leagues_in_North_America" title="Template talk:Professional gridiron football leagues in North America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Professional_gridiron_football_leagues_in_North_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Professional gridiron football leagues in North America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Professional_gridiron_football_leagues_in_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Professional <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_and_Canadian_football_leagues" title="List of American and Canadian football leagues">gridiron football leagues</a> in North America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="American_football" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada">Major</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (1920–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minor_league_football_(gridiron)" title="Minor league football (gridiron)">Other</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A7FL" title="A7FL"> American 7s Football League</a> (2015–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liga_de_F%C3%BAtbol_Americano_Profesional" title="Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional">Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional</a> (2016–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Football_League_(2024)" title="United Football League (2024)">United Football League</a> (2024–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct national</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1926)" title="American Football League (1926)">American Football League (1926)</a>²</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1936)" title="American Football League (1936)">American Football League (1936–1937)</a></span>²</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1940)" title="American Football League (1940)">American Football League (1940–1941)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-America_Football_Conference" title="All-America Football Conference">All-America Football Conference</a>² (1945–1949)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League" title="American Football League">American Football League</a> (1960–1969)¹</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Football_League" title="Continental Football League">Continental Football League</a> (1965–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Football_League" title="World Football League">World Football League</a> (1974–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Football_League" title="United States Football League">United States Football League</a> (1983–1985)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NFL_Europe" title="NFL Europe">World League of American Football/NFL Europe/NFL Europa</a>³</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFL_(2001)" title="XFL (2001)">XFL (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Football_League_(2009%E2%80%932012)" title="United Football League (2009–2012)">United Football League (2009–2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_American_Football" title="Alliance of American Football">Alliance of American Football</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFL_(2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="XFL (2020)">XFL</a> (2020, 2023)*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Football_League_(2022)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Football League (2022)">United States Football League</a> (2022–2023)*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_Union" title="American Football Union">American Football Union</a> (1886–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Pennsylvania_Professional_Football_Circuit" title="Western Pennsylvania Professional Football Circuit">Western Pennsylvania Professional Football Circuit</a>** (1890–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_League" title="Ohio League">Ohio League</a>² (1902–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Pro_Football_League" title="New York Pro Football League">New York Pro Football League</a>² (1908–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League_(1902)" title="National Football League (1902)">National Football League (1902)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthracite_League" title="Anthracite League">Anthracite League</a>² (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_League_of_Professional_Football" title="Eastern League of Professional Football">Eastern League of Professional Football</a> (1926–1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1934)" title="American Football League (1934)">American Football League (1934)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_Football_League_(1935%E2%80%931940)" title="Midwest Football League (1935–1940)">Midwest Football League (1935–1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixie_League_(American_football)" title="Dixie League (American football)">Dixie League</a>³ (1936–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_(American_football)" title="American Association (American football)">American Association (American football)</a>³</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_Football_League_(1935%E2%80%931940)" title="Midwest Football League (1935–1940)">American Football League (1938–1939)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Pennsylvania_Football_League" title="Eastern Pennsylvania Football League">Eastern Pennsylvania Football League</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League" title="Pacific Coast Professional Football League">Pacific Coast Professional Football League</a>³ (1940–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1944)" title="American Football League (1944)">American Football League (1944)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_(American_football)" title="American Association (American football)">American Football League (1946–1950)</a>³</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_Conference_(1959%E2%80%931961)" title="American Football Conference (1959–1961)">American Football Conference (1959–1961)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Football_League_(1961%E2%80%931964)" title="United Football League (1961–1964)">United Football League (1961–1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Football_League" title="Atlantic Coast Football League">Atlantic Coast Football League</a>³ (1962–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_Football_League_(1962%E2%80%931978)" title="Midwest Football League (1962–1978)">Midwest Football League (1962–1978)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Football_League_of_America" title="Professional Football League of America">Professional Football League of America</a> (1965–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Football_League" title="Texas Football League">Texas Football League</a> (1966–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaboard_Football_League" title="Seaboard Football League">Seaboard Football League</a> (1971–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_Association_(1977%E2%80%931983)" title="American Football Association (1977–1983)">American Football Association (1977–1983)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Football_League" title="Regional Football League">Regional Football League</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Football_League" title="Spring Football League">Spring Football League</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Football_League_(2008%E2%80%932010)" title="World Football League (2008–2010)">World Football League (2008–2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stars_Football_League" title="Stars Football League">Stars Football League</a> (2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_Experimental_Football_League" title="Fall Experimental Football League">Fall Experimental Football League</a> (2014–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BAtbol_Americano_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Fútbol Americano de México">Fútbol Americano de México</a> (2019–2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>¹ <a href="/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93NFL_merger" title="AFL–NFL merger">Merged into the NFL</a>. All teams still active as members of the NFL's <a href="/wiki/American_Football_Conference" title="American Football Conference">American Football Conference</a>.</li> <li>² Teams moved to NFL</li> <li>³ Official NFL minor league; see also <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Professional_Football_Leagues" title="Association of Professional Football Leagues">Association of Professional Football Leagues</a></li> <li>* Merged into the UFL, still active as conferences within</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Canadian_football" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada">Major</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League">Canadian Football League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Direct</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Division_(CFL)" title="East Division (CFL)">Interprovincial Rugby Football Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Division_(CFL)" title="West Division (CFL)">Western Interprovincial Football Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Other</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Rugby_Football_Union" title="Ontario Rugby Football Union">Ontario Rugby Football Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Rugby_Football_Union" title="Quebec Rugby Football Union">Quebec Rugby Football Union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Junior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Football_League" title="Atlantic Football League">Atlantic Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Junior_Football_League" title="Canadian Junior Football League">Canadian Junior Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Junior_Football_League" title="Quebec Junior Football League">Quebec Junior Football League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Arena_football" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arena_football" title="Arena football">Arena football</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Arena_League" title="American Arena League">American Arena League 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_One_(2025)" title="Arena Football One (2025)">Arena Football One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Arena_Football" title="Great Lakes Arena Football">Great Lakes Arena Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_Football_League" title="Indoor Football League">Indoor Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Arena_League" title="National Arena League">National Arena League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Arena_League" title="The Arena League">The Arena League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Indoor_Football" title="American Indoor Football">American Indoor Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indoor_Football_Alliance" title="American Indoor Football Alliance">American Indoor Football Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Professional_Football_League" title="American Professional Football League">American Professional Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_West_Football_Conference" title="American West Football Conference">American West Football Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_Association" title="Arena Football Association">Arena Football Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_League" title="Arena Football League">Arena Football League</a> (1987–2008, 2010–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_League_(2024)" title="Arena Football League (2024)">Arena Football League (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AF2" title="AF2">arenafootball2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Pro_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="Arena Pro Football">Arena Pro Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Can-Am_Indoor_Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Can-Am Indoor Football League">Can-Am Indoor Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champions_Indoor_Football" title="Champions Indoor Football">Champions Indoor Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champions_Professional_Indoor_Football_League" title="Champions Professional Indoor Football League">Champions Professional Indoor Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Indoor_Football_League" title="Continental Indoor Football League">Continental Indoor Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Indoor_Football_Alliance" title="Independent Indoor Football Alliance">Independent Indoor Football Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_Football_League_(1999%E2%80%932000)" title="Indoor Football League (1999–2000)">Indoor Football League (1999–2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_Professional_Football_League" title="Indoor Professional Football League">Indoor Professional Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intense_Football_League" title="Intense Football League">Intense Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_Star_Football_League" title="Lone Star Football League">Lone Star Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Indoor_Football_League" title="National Indoor Football League">National Indoor Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Indoor_Football_League_(1998)" title="Professional Indoor Football League (1998)">Professional Indoor Football League (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Indoor_Football_League" title="Professional Indoor Football League">Professional Indoor Football League (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Indoor_Football_League" title="Southern Indoor Football League">Southern Indoor Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Indoor_Football" title="Supreme Indoor Football">Supreme Indoor Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Indoor_Football_League" title="Ultimate Indoor Football League">Ultimate Indoor Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Indoor_Football" title="United Indoor Football">United Indoor Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-League_Indoor_Football" title="X-League Indoor Football">X-League Indoor Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Indoor_Football_League_(2007)" title="World Indoor Football League (2007)">World Indoor Football League (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Series_of_Football_(1902%E2%80%9303)" title="World Series of Football (1902–03)">World Series of Football (1902–03)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">On hiatus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fan_Controlled_Football" title="Fan Controlled Football">Fan Controlled Football</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Women&#039;s_football" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_gridiron_football" title="Women's gridiron football">Women's football </a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outdoor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Football_Alliance" title="Women's Football Alliance">Women's Football Alliance</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Women%27s_Football_League" title="United States Women's Football League">United States Women's Football League</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Football_Conference" title="Women's National Football Conference">Women's National Football Conference</a> (2018–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct Outdoor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Professional_Football_League_(1965%E2%80%931973)" title="Women's Professional Football League (1965–1973)">Women's Professional Football League</a> (1965–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Football_League" title="National Women's Football League">National Women's Football League</a> (1974–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Professional_Football_League" title="Women's Professional Football League">Women's Professional Football League</a> (1999–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Football_Association" title="National Women's Football Association">National Women's Football Association</a> (2000–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Women%27s_Football_League" title="Independent Women's Football League">Independent Women's Football League</a> (2000–2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arena_football" title="Arena football">Arena football</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X_League_(women%27s_football)" title="X League (women's football)"> X League</a> (2009–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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