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bias</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: exchange bias"> <meta name="keywords" content="exchange bias"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="exchange bias"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2255</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: exchange bias</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2255</span> Enhanced Exchange Bias in Poly-crystalline Compounds through Oxygen Vacancy and B-site Disorder</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koustav%20Pal">Koustav Pal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indranil%20Das"> Indranil Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent times, perovskite and double perovskite (DP) systems attracts lot of interest as they provide a rich material platform for studying emergent functionalities like near-room-temperature ferromagnetic (FM) insulators, exchange bias (EB), magnetocaloric effects, colossal magnetoresistance, anisotropy, etc. These interesting phenomena emerge because of complex couplings between spin, charge, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom in these systems. Various magnetic phenomena such as exchange bias, spin glass, memory effect, colossal magneto-resistance, etc. can be modified and controlled through antisite (B-site) disorder or controlling oxygen concentration of the material. By controlling oxygen concentration in SrFe0.5Co0.5O3 – δ (SFCO) (δ ∼ 0.3), we achieve intrinsic exchange bias effect with a large exchange bias field (∼1.482 Tesla) and giant coercive field (∼1.454 Tesla). Now we modified the B-site by introducing 10% iridium in the system. This modification give rise to the exchange bias field as high as 1.865 tesla and coercive field 1.863 tesla. Our work aims to investigate the effect of oxygen deficiency and B-site effect on exchange bias in oxide materials for potential technological applications. Structural characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to determine crystal structure and particle size. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to identify valence states of the ions. Magnetic analysis revealed that oxygen deficiency resulted in a large exchange bias due to a significant number of ionic mixtures. Iridium doping was found to break interaction paths, resulting in various antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic surfaces that enhance exchange bias. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coercive%20field" title="coercive field">coercive field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disorder" title=" disorder"> disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20bias" title=" exchange bias"> exchange bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spin%20glass" title=" spin glass"> spin glass</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167083/enhanced-exchange-bias-in-poly-crystalline-compounds-through-oxygen-vacancy-and-b-site-disorder" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2254</span> Exchange Bias in Ceramics: From Polyol Made CoFe₂O₄-core@CoO-Shell NPs to Nanostructured Ceramics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Flores-Martinez">N. Flores-Martinez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Franceschin"> G. Franceschin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Gaudisson"> T. Gaudisson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.-M.%20Greneche"> J.-M. Greneche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Valenzuela-Monjaras"> R. Valenzuela-Monjaras</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ammar"> S. Ammar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tailoring bulk materials keeping their nanoscale properties is the daydream of material scientists. But especially in magnetism, this single desire can revolutionize our everyday life. Now, thanks to the methods of synthesis, based on the combination of colloidal chemistry (CC) to flash sintering (FS), customizing magnets becomes each time more 'easy', 'cheap' and 'clean'. Although by CC we can obtain straightway nanopowders with good magnetic featuring, like exchange bias (EB) phenomenon, it does not result so attractive for applications. Since a solid material is simple to manipulate and integrate in a device, many consolidation methods have been tested aiming to keep the nanopowders characteristics after consolidation. Unfortunately, the lack of structural crystalline arrangement and the grain growth worsen the magnetic properties. In this work, we exhibit, for the first-time author’s best knowledge, the EB in sintered ceramics, starting from CoFe₂O₄-core@CoO-shell NPs obtained by CC. Despite the fact that EB field is about 28 mT in ceramics and it is not yet considered for applications, this work opens an alternative in the permanent magnets fabrication through a FS method, the spark plasma sintering, starting from CC synthesized nanopowders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core-shell%20nanoparticles" title="core-shell nanoparticles">core-shell nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20bias" title=" exchange bias"> exchange bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanostructured%20ceramics" title=" nanostructured ceramics"> nanostructured ceramics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spark%20plasma%20sintering" title=" spark plasma sintering"> spark plasma sintering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99792/exchange-bias-in-ceramics-from-polyol-made-cofe2o4-core-at-coo-shell-nps-to-nanostructured-ceramics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99792.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2253</span> Composition Dependence of Exchange Anisotropy in PtₓMn₁₋ₓ/Co₇₀Fe₃₀ Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sina%20Ranjbar">Sina Ranjbar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masakiyo%20Tsunoda"> Masakiyo Tsunoda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mikihiko%20Oogane"> Mikihiko Oogane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasuo%20Ando"> Yasuo Ando</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We systematically investigated the exchange anisotropy for ferromagnetic Co70Fe30 and antiferromagnetic PtMn bilayer films. We focused on the relevance between the exchange bias and the composition of the Ptₓ Mn₁₋ₓ (14 < x < 22 and 45 < x < 56 at %) films, and we successfully optimized the composition. The crystal structure of the Ptₓ Mn₁₋ₓ films was FCC for 14 < x < 22 at % and FCT for 45 < x < 56 at % after annealing at 370 ◦C for 6 hours. The unidirectional anisotropy constant (Jₖ) for fcc-Pt₁₅Mn₈₅ (20 nm) and fct-Pt₄₈Mn₅₂ (20 nm) prepared under optimum conditions in composition were 0.16 and 0.20 erg/cm², respectively. Both Pt₁₅Mn₈₅ and Pt₄₈Mn₅₂ films showed a larger unidirectional anisotropy constant (Jₖ) than in other reports. They also showed a flatter surface than that of other antiferromagnetic materials. The obtained PtMn films with a large exchange anisotropy and slight roughness are useful as an antiferromagnetic layer in spintronic applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiferromagnetic%20material" title="antiferromagnetic material">antiferromagnetic material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PtMn%20thin%20film" title=" PtMn thin film"> PtMn thin film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20anisotropy" title=" exchange anisotropy"> exchange anisotropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composition%20dependence" title=" composition dependence"> composition dependence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101129/composition-dependence-of-exchange-anisotropy-in-ptmn1co70fe30-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2252</span> Improved Small-Signal Characteristics of Infrared 850 nm Top-Emitting Vertical-Cavity Lasers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Al-Omari">Ahmad Al-Omari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20Khreis"> Osama Khreis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20M.%20K.%20Dagamseh"> Ahmad M. K. Dagamseh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Ababneh"> Abdullah Ababneh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20Lear"> Kevin Lear</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High-speed infrared vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes (VCSELs) with Cu-plated heat sinks were fabricated and tested. VCSELs with 10 mm aperture diameter and 4 mm of electroplated copper demonstrated a -3dB modulation bandwidth (<em>f</em><sub>-3dB</sub>) of 14 GHz and a resonance frequency (<em>f</em><sub>R</sub>) of 9.5 GHz at a bias current density (<em>J<sub>bias</sub></em>) of only 4.3 kA/cm<sup>2</sup>, which corresponds to an improved <em>f</em><sub>-3dB</sub><sup>2</sup>/<em>J<sub>bias</sub></em> ratio of 44 GHz<sup>2</sup>/kA/cm<sup>2</sup>. At higher and lower bias current densities, the <em>f</em><sub>-3dB</sub><sup>2</sup>/<em> J<sub>bias</sub></em> ratio decreased to about 30 GHz<sup>2</sup>/kA/cm<sup>2</sup> and 18 GHz<sup>2</sup>/kA/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Examination of the analogue modulation response demonstrated that the presented VCSELs displayed a steady <em>f</em><sub>-3dB</sub>/<em> f</em><sub>R</sub> ratio of 1.41±10% over the whole range of the bias current (1.3<em>I</em><sub>th</sub> to 6.2<em>I</em><sub>th</sub>). The devices also demonstrated a maximum modulation bandwidth (<em>f</em><sub>-3dB max</sub>) of more than 16 GHz at a bias current less than the industrial bias current standard for reliability by 25%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20density" title="current density">current density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-speed%20VCSELs" title=" high-speed VCSELs"> high-speed VCSELs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulation%20bandwidth" title=" modulation bandwidth"> modulation bandwidth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small-signal%20characteristics" title=" small-signal characteristics"> small-signal characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20impedance" title=" thermal impedance"> thermal impedance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical-cavity%20surface-emitting%20lasers" title=" vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers"> vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78212/improved-small-signal-characteristics-of-infrared-850-nm-top-emitting-vertical-cavity-lasers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78212.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">570</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2251</span> Fuzzy Wavelet Model to Forecast the Exchange Rate of IDR/USD</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tri%20Wijayanti%20Septiarini">Tri Wijayanti Septiarini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agus%20Maman%20Abadi"> Agus Maman Abadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Rifki%20Taufik"> Muhammad Rifki Taufik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The exchange rate of IDR/USD can be the indicator to analysis Indonesian economy. The exchange rate as a important factor because it has big effect in Indonesian economy overall. So, it needs the analysis data of exchange rate. There is decomposition data of exchange rate of IDR/USD to be frequency and time. It can help the government to monitor the Indonesian economy. This method is very effective to identify the case, have high accurate result and have simple structure. In this paper, data of exchange rate that used is weekly data from December 17, 2010 until November 11, 2014. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20exchange%20rate" title="the exchange rate">the exchange rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20mamdani" title=" fuzzy mamdani"> fuzzy mamdani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20wavelet%20transforms" title=" discrete wavelet transforms"> discrete wavelet transforms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20wavelet" title=" fuzzy wavelet "> fuzzy wavelet </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21207/fuzzy-wavelet-model-to-forecast-the-exchange-rate-of-idrusd" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">571</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2250</span> Magnetoelastically Induced Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy and Perpendicular Exchange Bias of CoO/CoPt Multilayer Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guo%20Lei">Guo Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Yue"> Wang Yue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nakamura%20Yoshio"> Nakamura Yoshio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shi%20Ji"> Shi Ji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, perpendicular exchange bias (PEB) is introduced as an active topic attracting continuous efforts. Since its discovery, extrinsic control of PEB has been proposed, due to its scientific significance in spintronic devices and potential application in high density magnetic random access memory with perpendicular magnetic tunneling junction (p-MTJ). To our knowledge, the researches aiming to controlling PEB so far are focused mainly on enhancing the interfacial exchange coupling by adjusting the FM/AFM interface roughness, or optimizing the crystalline structures of FM or AFM layer by employing different seed layers. In present work, the effects of magnetoelastically induced PMA on PEB have been explored in [CoO5nm/CoPt5nm]5 multilayer films. We find the PMA strength of FM layer also plays an important role on PEB at the FM/AFM interface and it is effective to control PEB of [CoO5nm/CoPt5nm]5 multilayer films by changing the magnetoelastically induced PMA of CoPt layer. [CoO5nm/CoPt5nm]5 multilayer films were deposited by magnetron sputtering on fused quartz substrate at room temperature, then annealed at 100°C, 250°C, 300°C and 375°C for 3h, respectively. XRD results reveal that all the samples are well crystallized with preferred fcc CoPt (111) orientation. The continuous multilayer structure with sharp component transition at the CoO5nm/CoPt5nm interface are identified clearly by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray reflectivity (XRR) and atomic force microscope (AFM). CoPt layer in-plane tensile stress is calculated by sin2φ method, and we find it increases gradually upon annealing from 0.99 GPa (as-deposited) up to 3.02 GPa (300oC-annealed). As to the magnetic property, significant enhancement of PMA is achieved in [CoO5nm/CoPt5nm]5 multilayer films after annealing due to the increase of CoPt layer in-plane tensile stress. With the enhancement of magnetoelastically induced PMA, great improvement of PEB is also achieved in [CoO5nm/CoPt5nm]5 multilayer films, which increases from 130 Oe (as-deposited) up to 1060 Oe (300oC-annealed), showing the same change tendency as PMA and the strong correlation with CoPt layer in-plane tensile stress. We consider it is the increase of CoPt layer in-plane tensile stress that leads to the enhancement of PMA, and thus the enhancement of magnetoelastically induced PMA results in the improvement of PEB in [CoO5nm/CoPt5nm]5 multilayer films. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perpendicular%20exchange%20bias" title="perpendicular exchange bias">perpendicular exchange bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetoelastically%20induced%20perpendicular%20magnetic%20anisotropy" title=" magnetoelastically induced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy"> magnetoelastically induced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CoO5nm%2FCoPt5nm%5D5%20multilayer%20film%20with%20in-plane%20stress" title=" CoO5nm/CoPt5nm]5 multilayer film with in-plane stress"> CoO5nm/CoPt5nm]5 multilayer film with in-plane stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perpendicular%20magnetic%20tunneling%20junction" title=" perpendicular magnetic tunneling junction"> perpendicular magnetic tunneling junction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29146/magnetoelastically-induced-perpendicular-magnetic-anisotropy-and-perpendicular-exchange-bias-of-coocopt-multilayer-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29146.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2249</span> Macroeconomic Reevaluation of CNY/USD Exchange Rate: Quantitative Impact on EUR/USD Exchange Rate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Henry">R. Henry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Andriamboavonjy"> H. Andriamboavonjy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20B.%20Paulin"> J. B. Paulin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Drahy"> S. Drahy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Gourichon"> R. Gourichon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During past decade, Chinese monetary policy has been to maintain stability of exchange rate CNY/USD by creating parity between the two currencies. This policy, against market equilibrium, impacts the exchange rate in having low Yuan currency, and keeping attractiveness of Chinese industries. Using macroeconomic and statistic approach, the impact of such policy onto CNY/USD exchange rate is quantitatively determined. It is also pointed out how Chinese banks respect Basel III ratios, in particular the foreign exchange ratio. The main analysis is focusing on how Chinese banks will respect these ratios in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macroeconomics%20models" title="macroeconomics models">macroeconomics models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yuan%20floating%20exchange%20rate" title=" yuan floating exchange rate"> yuan floating exchange rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basel%20iii" title=" basel iii"> basel iii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=china%20banking%20system" title=" china banking system"> china banking system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34471/macroeconomic-reevaluation-of-cnyusd-exchange-rate-quantitative-impact-on-eurusd-exchange-rate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">568</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2248</span> Verb Bias in Mandarin: The Corpus Based Study of Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jou-An%20Chung">Jou-An Chung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to investigate the verb bias of the Mandarin verbs in children’s reading materials and provide the criteria for categorization. Verb bias varies cross-linguistically. As Mandarin and English are typological different, this study hopes to shed light on Mandarin verb bias with the use of corpus and provide thorough and detailed criteria for analysis. Moreover, this study focuses on children’s reading materials since it is a significant issue in understanding children’s sentence processing. Therefore, investigating verb bias of Mandarin verbs in children’s reading materials is also an important issue and can provide further insights into children’s sentence processing. The small corpus is built up for this study. The corpus consists of the collection of school textbooks and Mandarin Daily News for children. The files are then segmented and POS tagged by JiebaR (Chinese segmentation with R). For the ease of analysis, the one-word character verbs and intransitive verbs are excluded beforehand. The total of 20 high frequency verbs are hand-coded and are further categorized into one of the three types, namely DO type, SC type and other category. If the frequency of taking Other Type exceeds the threshold of 25%, the verb is excluded from the study. The results show that 10 verbs are direct object bias verbs, and six verbs are sentential complement bias verbs. The paired T-test was done to assure the statistical significance (p = 0.0001062 for DO bias verb, p=0.001149 for SC bias verb). The result has shown that in children’s reading materials, the DO biased verbs are used more than the SC bias verbs since the simplest structure of sentences is easier for children’s sentence comprehension or processing. In sum, this study not only discussed verb bias in child's reading materials but also provided basic coding criteria for verb bias analysis in Mandarin and underscored the role of context. Sentences are easier for children’s sentence comprehension or processing. In sum, this study not only discussed verb bias in child corpus, but also provided basic coding criteria for verb bias analysis in Mandarin and underscored the role of context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corpus%20linguistics" title="corpus linguistics">corpus linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=verb%20bias" title=" verb bias"> verb bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20language" title=" child language"> child language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psycholinguistics" title=" psycholinguistics"> psycholinguistics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66403/verb-bias-in-mandarin-the-corpus-based-study-of-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66403.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2247</span> A Comparison of Bias Among Relaxed Divisor Methods Using 3 Bias Measurements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumachaya%20Harnsukworapanich">Sumachaya Harnsukworapanich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tetsuo%20Ichimori"> Tetsuo Ichimori </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The apportionment method is used by many countries, to calculate the distribution of seats in political bodies. For example, this method is used in the United States (U.S.) to distribute house seats proportionally based on the population of the electoral district. Famous apportionment methods include the divisor methods called the Adams Method, Dean Method, Hill Method, Jefferson Method and Webster Method. Sometimes the results from the implementation of these divisor methods are unfair and include errors. Therefore, it is important to examine the optimization of this method by using a bias measurement to figure out precise and fair results. In this research we investigate the bias of divisor methods in the U.S. Houses of Representatives toward large and small states by applying the Stolarsky Mean Method. We compare the bias of the apportionment method by using two famous bias measurements: The Balinski and Young measurement and the Ernst measurement. Both measurements have a formula for large and small states. The Third measurement however, which was created by the researchers, did not factor in the element of large and small states into the formula. All three measurements are compared and the results show that our measurement produces similar results to the other two famous measurements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apportionment" title="apportionment">apportionment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bias" title=" bias"> bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=divisor" title=" divisor"> divisor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fair" title=" fair"> fair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measurement" title=" measurement"> measurement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31156/a-comparison-of-bias-among-relaxed-divisor-methods-using-3-bias-measurements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31156.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2246</span> Exploring Gender Bias in Self-Report Measures of Psychopathy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katie%20Strong">Katie Strong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brian%20P.%20O%27Connor"> Brian P. O'Connor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacqueline%20M.%20Kanippayoor"> Jacqueline M. Kanippayoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To date, self-report measures of psychopathy have largely been conceptualized with a male-focused understanding of the disorder, with the presumption that psychopathy expression is uniform across genders. However, generalizing this understanding to the female population may be misleading. The objective of this research was to explore gender differences in the expression of psychopathy and to assess current self-report psychopathy measures for gender bias. It was hypothesized that some items in commonly used measures of psychopathy may show gender bias and that existing measures may not contain enough items that are relevant to the manifestation of psychopathy in women. An exploratory investigation was conducted on statistical bias in common measures of psychopathy, and novel, relevant, but previously neglected items and measures were included in a new data collection. The participant pool included a sample of 403 university students and 354 participants recruited using Amazon Mechanical Turk. Item Response Theory methods - including Differential Item Functioning - were used to assess for the item- and test- level bias across several common self-report measures of psychopathy. Analyses indicated occasional and modest levels of item-level bias, and that some additional female-relevant items merit consideration for inclusion in measures of psychopathy. These findings suggest that current self-report measures of psychopathy may be demonstrating gender-bias and warrant further examination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title="gender">gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measurement%20bias" title=" measurement bias"> measurement bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personality" title=" personality"> personality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychopathy" title=" psychopathy"> psychopathy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90586/exploring-gender-bias-in-self-report-measures-of-psychopathy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90586.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2245</span> Implicit Bias as One Obstacle to Gender Equity </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kellina%20Craig-Henderson">Kellina Craig-Henderson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today, there is increased attention to the role of social perceptions in the selection, hiring, and management of employees and the evaluation and promotion of students. In some contexts, where women or members of certain social groups have been historically underrepresented there is evidence that these perceptions reflect the implicit biases people harbor. Research in the social and psychological sciences reveals that implicit biases against women unfairly disadvantage them in academic and work settings. This presentation will provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on an implicit bias as well as the problems associated with it. How employers, educators and other evaluators can inoculate themselves from the pernicious effects of these biases will be considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20equity" title="gender equity">gender equity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implicit%20bias" title=" implicit bias"> implicit bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20psychology" title=" social psychology"> social psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconscious%20bias" title=" unconscious bias"> unconscious bias</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77945/implicit-bias-as-one-obstacle-to-gender-equity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77945.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2244</span> Positive Bias and Length Bias in Deep Neural Networks for Premises Selection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiaqi%20Huang">Jiaqi Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuheng%20Wang"> Yuheng Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Premises selection, the task of selecting a set of axioms for proving a given conjecture, is a major bottleneck in automated theorem proving. An array of deep-learning-based methods has been established for premises selection, but a perfect performance remains challenging. Our study examines the inaccuracy of deep neural networks in premises selection. Through training network models using encoded conjecture and axiom pairs from the Mizar Mathematical Library, two potential biases are found: the network models classify more premises as necessary than unnecessary, referred to as the ‘positive bias’, and the network models perform better in proving conjectures that paired with more axioms, referred to as ‘length bias’. The ‘positive bias’ and ‘length bias’ discovered could inform the limitation of existing deep neural networks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automated%20theorem%20proving" title="automated theorem proving">automated theorem proving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=premises%20selection" title=" premises selection"> premises selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpreting%20deep%20learning" title=" interpreting deep learning"> interpreting deep learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108017/positive-bias-and-length-bias-in-deep-neural-networks-for-premises-selection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108017.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2243</span> The Presence of Investor Overconfidence in the South African Exchange Traded Fund Market </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Damien%20Kunjal">Damien Kunjal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faeezah%20Peerbhai"> Faeezah Peerbhai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite the increasing popularity of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), ETF investment choices may not always be rational. Excess trading volume, misevaluations of securities, and excess return volatility present in financial markets can be attributed to the influence of the overconfidence bias. Whilst previous research has explored the overconfidence bias in stock markets; this study focuses on trading in ETF markets. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the presence of investor overconfidence in the South African ETF market. Using vector autoregressive models, the lead-lag relationship between market turnover and the market return is examined for the market of South African ETFs tracking domestic benchmarks and for the market of South African ETFs tracking international benchmarks over the period November 2000 till August 2019. Consistent with the overconfidence hypothesis, a positive relationship between current market turnover and lagged market return is found for both markets, even after controlling for market volatility and cross-sectional dispersion. This relationship holds for both market and individual ETF turnover suggesting that investors are overconfident when trading in South African ETFs tracking domestic benchmarks and South African ETFs tracking international benchmarks since trading activity depends on past market returns. Additionally, using the global recession as a structural break, this study finds that investor overconfidence is more pronounced after the global recession suggesting that investors perceive ETFs as risk-reducing assets due to their diversification benefits. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the overconfidence bias has a significant influence on ETF investment choices, therefore, suggesting that the South African ETF market is inefficient since investors’ decisions are based on their biases. As a result, the effect of investor overconfidence can account for the difference between the fair value of ETFs and its current market price. This finding has implications for policymakers whose responsibility is to promote the efficiency of the South African ETF market as well as ETF investors and traders who trade in the South African ETF market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange-traded%20fund" title="exchange-traded fund">exchange-traded fund</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20return" title=" market return"> market return</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20turnover" title=" market turnover"> market turnover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overconfidence" title=" overconfidence"> overconfidence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trading%20activity" title=" trading activity"> trading activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119949/the-presence-of-investor-overconfidence-in-the-south-african-exchange-traded-fund-market" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119949.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2242</span> Leader-Member Exchange and Affective Commitment: The Moderating Role of Exchange Ideology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung%20Yeon%20Son">Seung Yeon Son</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In today’s rapidly changing and increasingly complex environment, organizations have relied on their members’ positive attitude toward their employers. In particular, employees’ organizational commitment (primarily, the effective component) has been recognized as an essential component of organizational functioning and success. Hence, identifying the determinants of effective commitment is one of the most important research issues. This study tested the influence of leader-member exchange (LMX) and exchange ideology on employee’s effective commitment. In addition, the interactive effect of LMX and exchange ideology was examined. Data from 198 members of the Korean military supports each of the hypotheses. Lastly, implications for research and directions for future research are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=affective%20commitment" title="affective commitment">affective commitment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20ideology" title=" exchange ideology"> exchange ideology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leader-member%20exchange" title=" leader-member exchange"> leader-member exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commitment" title=" commitment"> commitment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13919/leader-member-exchange-and-affective-commitment-the-moderating-role-of-exchange-ideology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2241</span> Trading Volume on the Tunisian Financial Market: An Approach Explaining the Hypothesis of Investors Overconfidence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Ismailia">Fatma Ismailia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malek%20Saihi"> Malek Saihi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research provides an explanation of exchange incentives on the Tunis stock market from a behavioural point of view. The elucidation of the anomalies of excessive volume of transactions and that of excessive volatility cannot be done without the recourse to the psychological aspects of investors. The excessive confidence has been given the predominant role for the explanation of these phenomena. Indeed, when investors store increments, they become more confident about the precision of their private information and their exchange activities then become more aggressive on the subsequent periods. These overconfident investors carry out the intensive exchanges leading to an increase of securities volatility. The objective of this research is to identify whether the trading volume and the excessive volatility of securities observed on the Tunisian stock market come from the excessive exchange of overconfident investors. We use a sample of daily observations over the period January 1999 - October 2007 and we relied on various econometric tests including the VAR model. Our results provide evidence on the importance to consider the bias of overconfidence in the analysis of Tunis stock exchange specificities. The results reveal that the excess of confidence has a major impact on the trading volume while using daily temporal intervals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overconfidence" title="overconfidence">overconfidence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trading%20volume" title=" trading volume"> trading volume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rationality" title=" rationality"> rationality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anomalies" title=" anomalies"> anomalies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavioural%20finance" title=" behavioural finance"> behavioural finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20biases" title=" cognitive biases"> cognitive biases</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13238/trading-volume-on-the-tunisian-financial-market-an-approach-explaining-the-hypothesis-of-investors-overconfidence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2240</span> The Aspect of the Human Bias in Decision Making within Quality Management Systems and LEAN Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adriana%20Avila%20Zuniga%20Nordfjeld">Adriana Avila Zuniga Nordfjeld</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper provides a literature review to document the state of the art with respect to handling 'human bias' in decision making within the established quality management systems (QMS) and LEAN theory, in the context of shipbuilding. Previous research shows that in shipbuilding there is a huge deviation from the planned man-hours under the project management to the actual man-hours used because of errors in planning and reworks caused by human bias in the information flows among others. This reduces the efficiency and increases operational costs. Thus, the research question is how QMS and LEAN handle biases. The findings show the gap in studying the integration of methods to handle human bias in decision making into QMS and lean, not only within shipbuilding but also in general. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed for researchers and practitioners in the areas of decision making QMS, LEAN, and future research is suggested. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20bias" title="human bias">human bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20making" title=" decision making"> decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LEAN%20shipbuilding" title=" LEAN shipbuilding"> LEAN shipbuilding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20management%20systems" title=" quality management systems"> quality management systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3484/the-aspect-of-the-human-bias-in-decision-making-within-quality-management-systems-and-lean-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3484.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">547</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2239</span> Recovery of Cd (II) and Pb (II) under the Effect of Temperature with the Synthetic Zeolite NaA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karima%20Menad">Karima Menad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Feddag"> Ahmed Feddag</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, large crystals of the zeolite NaA were synthesized by hydrothermal way. By following this zeolite was used to recover two heavy metals that are allowing the most dangerous toxic, lead and cadmium. The synthesized zeolite was analyzed by XRD and SEM aims to verify its purity and its good morphology; after it was undergoing ion exchange operations by aqueous solution with lead and cadmium in two salts Pb(CH3COOH)2 and CdCl2 at different concentrations. The exchange was carried out under the effect of two temperatures (25 °C and 60 °C). The contents of Pb++, Cd++ and Na+ were analyzed by atomic absorption and the results are given in the form of exchange rates. At the end the samples are analyzed by XRD exchanged to confirm their conservation of their zeolite framework. It is found that the exchange rate increases with the increase of initial concentration and the best results are found for the temperature of 60 °C. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20rate" title="exchange rate">exchange rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20exchange" title=" ion exchange"> ion exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LTA%20zeolite" title=" LTA zeolite"> LTA zeolite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeolite%20NaA" title=" zeolite NaA"> zeolite NaA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59648/recovery-of-cd-ii-and-pb-ii-under-the-effect-of-temperature-with-the-synthetic-zeolite-naa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2238</span> Biases in Numerically Invariant Joint Signatures </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Aghayan">Reza Aghayan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper illustrates that numerically invariant joint signatures suffer biases in the resulting signatures. Next, we classify the arising biases as Bias Type 1 and Bias Type 2 and show how they can be removed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Euclidean%20and%20affine%20geometries" title="Euclidean and affine geometries">Euclidean and affine geometries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20invariant%20signature%20curves" title=" differential invariant signature curves"> differential invariant signature curves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerically%20invariant%20joint%20signatures" title=" numerically invariant joint signatures"> numerically invariant joint signatures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20bias" title=" numerical bias"> numerical bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curve%20analysis" title=" curve analysis"> curve analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31756/biases-in-numerically-invariant-joint-signatures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31756.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">597</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2237</span> Wastewater Treatment from Heavy Metals by Nanofiltration and Ion Exchange</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20G.%20Kagramanov">G. G. Kagramanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20N.%20Farnosova"> E. N. Farnosova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linn%20Maung%20%20Maung"> Linn Maung Maung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The technologies of ion exchange and nanofiltration can be used for treatment of wastewater containing copper and other heavy metal ions to decrease the environmental risks. Nanofiltration characteristics under water treatment of heavy metals have been studied. The influence of main technical process parameters - pressure, temperature, concentration and pH value of the initial solution on flux and rejection of nanofiltration membranes has been considered. And ion exchange capacities of resins in removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater have been determined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20capacity" title="exchange capacity">exchange capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20exchange" title=" ion exchange"> ion exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20separation" title=" membrane separation"> membrane separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofiltration" title=" nanofiltration"> nanofiltration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65267/wastewater-treatment-from-heavy-metals-by-nanofiltration-and-ion-exchange" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2236</span> Bit Error Rate Monitoring for Automatic Bias Control of Quadrature Amplitude Modulators</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naji%20Ali%20Albakay">Naji Ali Albakay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20Alothaim"> Abdulrahman Alothaim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isa%20Barshushi"> Isa Barshushi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The most common quadrature amplitude modulator (QAM) applies two Mach-Zehnder Modulators (MZM) and one phase shifter to generate high order modulation format. The bias of MZM changes over time due to temperature, vibration, and aging factors. The change in the biasing causes distortion to the generated QAM signal which leads to deterioration of bit error rate (BER) performance. Therefore, it is critical to be able to lock MZM’s Q point to the required operating point for good performance. We propose a technique for automatic bias control (ABC) of QAM transmitter using BER measurements and gradient descent optimization algorithm. The proposed technique is attractive because it uses the pertinent metric, BER, which compensates for bias drifting independently from other system variations such as laser source output power. The proposed scheme performance and its operating principles are simulated using OptiSystem simulation software for 4-QAM and 16-QAM transmitters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automatic%20bias%20control" title="automatic bias control">automatic bias control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20fiber%20communication" title=" optical fiber communication"> optical fiber communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20modulation" title=" optical modulation"> optical modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20devices" title=" optical devices"> optical devices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137442/bit-error-rate-monitoring-for-automatic-bias-control-of-quadrature-amplitude-modulators" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137442.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2235</span> The Development of Local-Global Perceptual Bias across Cultures: Examining the Effects of Gender, Education, and Urbanisation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helen%20J.%20Spray">Helen J. Spray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karina%20J.%20Linnell"> Karina J. Linnell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Local-global bias in adulthood is strongly dependent on environmental factors and a global bias is not the universal characteristic of adult perception it was once thought to be: whilst Western adults typically demonstrate a global bias, Namibian adults living in traditional villages possess a strong local bias. Furthermore, environmental effects on local-global bias have been shown to be highly gender-specific; whereas urbanisation promoted a global bias in urbanised Namibian women but not men, education promoted a global bias in urbanised Namibian men but not women. Adult populations, however, provide only a snapshot of the gene-environment interactions which shape perceptual bias. Yet, to date, there has been little work on the development of local-global bias across environmental settings. In the current study, local-global bias was assessed using a similarity-matching task with Navon figures in children aged between 4 and 15 years from across three populations: traditional Namibians, urban Namibians, and urban British. For the two Namibian groups, measures of urbanisation and education were obtained. Data were subjected to both between-group and within-group analyses. Between-group analyses compared developmental trajectories across population and gender. These analyses revealed a global bias from even as early as 4 in the British sample, and showed that the developmental onset of a global bias is not fixed. Urbanised Namibian children ultimately developed a global bias that was indistinguishable from British children; however, a global bias did not emerge until much later in development. For all populations, the greatest developmental effects were observed directly following the onset of formal education. No overall gender effects were observed; however, there was a significant gender by age interaction which was difficult to reconcile with existing biological-level accounts of gender differences in the development of local-global bias. Within-group analyses compared the effects of urbanisation and education on local-global bias for traditional and urban Namibian boys and girls separately. For both traditional and urban boys, education mediated all effects of age and urbanisation; however, this was not the case for girls. Traditional Namibian girls retained a local bias regardless of age, education, or urbanisation, and in urbanised girls, the development of a global bias was not attributable to any one factor specifically. These results are broadly consistent with aforementioned findings that education promoted a global bias in urbanised Namibian men but not women. The development of local-global bias does not follow a fixed trajectory but is subject to environmental control. Understanding how variability in the development of local-global bias might arise, particularly in the context of gender, may have far-reaching implications. For example, a number of educationally important cognitive functions (e.g., spatial ability) are known to show consistent gender differences in childhood and local-global bias may mediate some of these effects. With education becoming an increasingly prevalent force across much of the developing world it will be important to understand the processes that underpin its effects and their implications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-cultural" title="cross-cultural">cross-cultural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local-global%20bias" title=" local-global bias"> local-global bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title=" perception"> perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanisation" title=" urbanisation"> urbanisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100969/the-development-of-local-global-perceptual-bias-across-cultures-examining-the-effects-of-gender-education-and-urbanisation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2234</span> Information Exchange Process Analysis between Authoring Design Tools and Lighting Simulation Tools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rudan%20Xue">Rudan Xue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Annika%20Moscati"> Annika Moscati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rehel%20Zeleke%20Kebede"> Rehel Zeleke Kebede</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Johansson"> Peter Johansson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Successful buildings’ simulation and analysis inevitably require information exchange between multiple building information modeling (BIM) software. The BIM infor-mation exchange based on IFC is widely used. However, Industry Foundation Classifi-cation (IFC) files are not always reliable and information can get lost when using dif-ferent software for modeling and simulations. In this research, interviews with lighting simulation experts and a case study provided by a company producing lighting devices have been the research methods used to identify the necessary steps and data for suc-cessful information exchange between lighting simulation tools and authoring design tools. Model creation, information exchange, and model simulation have been identi-fied as key aspects for the success of information exchange. The paper concludes with recommendations for improved information exchange and more reliable simulations that take all the needed parameters into consideration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BIM" title="BIM">BIM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20exchange" title=" data exchange"> data exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interoperability%20issues" title=" interoperability issues"> interoperability issues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lighting%20simulations" title=" lighting simulations"> lighting simulations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134407/information-exchange-process-analysis-between-authoring-design-tools-and-lighting-simulation-tools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2233</span> The Effects of Applied Negative Bias Voltage on Structure and Optical Properties of a-C:H Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X.%20L.%20Zhou">X. L. Zhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Tunmee"> S. Tunmee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Toda"> I. Toda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Komatsu"> K. Komatsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ohshio"> S. Ohshio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Saitoh"> H. Saitoh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) films have been synthesized by a radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (rf-PECVD) technique with different bias voltage from 0.0 to -0.5 kV. The Raman spectra displayed the polymer-like hydrogenated amorphous carbon (PLCH) film with 0.0 to -0.1 and a-C:H films with -0.2 to -0.5 kV of bias voltages. The surface chemical information of all films were studied by X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS) technique, presented to C-C (sp2 and sp3) and C-O bonds, and relative carbon (C) and oxygen (O) atomics contents. The O contamination had affected on structure and optical properties. The true density of PLCH and a-C:H films were characterized by X-ray refractivity (XRR) method, showed the result as in the range of 1.16-1.73 g/cm3 that depending on an increasing of bias voltage. The hardness was proportional to the true density of films. In addition, the optical properties i.e. refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k) of these films were determined by a spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) method that give formation to in 1.62-2.10 (n) and 0.04-0.15 (k) respectively. These results indicated that the optical properties confirmed the Raman results as presenting the structure changed with applied bias voltage increased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20bias%20voltage" title="negative bias voltage">negative bias voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=a-C%3AH%20film" title=" a-C:H film"> a-C:H film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20contamination" title=" oxygen contamination"> oxygen contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20properties" title=" optical properties"> optical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11691/the-effects-of-applied-negative-bias-voltage-on-structure-and-optical-properties-of-a-ch-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">482</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2232</span> Impacts of Exchange Rate and Inflation Rate on Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Bin%20Nasir">Saad Bin Nasir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study identifies the impact of inflation and foreign exchange rate on foreign direct investment in Pakistan. Inflation and exchange rates are used as independent variables and foreign direct investment is taken as dependent variable. Discreet time series data has been used from the period of 1999 to 2009. The results of regression analysis reveal that high inflation has negative impact on foreign direct investment and higher exchange rates has positive impact on foreign direct investment in Pakistan. The inflation and foreign exchange rates both are insignificant in the analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflation%20rate" title="inflation rate">inflation rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20exchange%20rate" title=" foreign exchange rate"> foreign exchange rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20direct%20investment" title=" foreign direct investment"> foreign direct investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20assets" title=" foreign assets "> foreign assets </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41247/impacts-of-exchange-rate-and-inflation-rate-on-foreign-direct-investment-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41247.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2231</span> Recovery of Heavy Metals by Ion Exchange on the Zeolite Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Menad">K. Menad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Faddeg"> A. Faddeg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zeolites are a family of mineral compounds. With special properties that have led to several important industrial applications. Ion exchange has enabled the first industrial application in the field of water treatment. The exchange by aqueous pathway is the method most used in the case of such microporous materials and this technique will be used in this work. The objective of this work is to find performance materials for the recovery of heavy metals such as cadmium. The study is to compare the properties of different ion exchange zeolite Na-X, Na-A, their physical mixture and the composite A (LTA) / X (FAU). After the synthesis of various zeolites X and A, it was designed a model Core-Shell to form a composite zeolite A on zeolite X. Finally, ion exchange studies were performed on these zeolite materials. The cation is exclusively tested for cadmium, a toxic element and is harmful to health and the environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeolite%20A" title="zeolite A">zeolite A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zeolite%20X" title=" zeolite X"> zeolite X</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20exchange" title=" ion exchange"> ion exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title=" water treatment"> water treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33493/recovery-of-heavy-metals-by-ion-exchange-on-the-zeolite-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33493.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2230</span> Impact of Reclamation on the Water Exchange in Bohai Bay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luyao%20Liu">Luyao Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dekui%20Yuan"> Dekui Yuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xu%20Li"> Xu Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As one of the most important bays of China, the water exchange capacity of Bohai Bay can influence the economic development and urbanization of surrounding cities. However, the rapid reclamation has influenced the weak water exchange capacity of this semi-enclosed bay in recent years. This paper sets two hydrodynamic models of Bohai Bay with two shorelines before and after reclamation. The mean value and distribution of Turn-over Time, the distribution of residual current, and the feature of the tracer path are compared. After comparison, it is found that Bohai Bay keeps these characteristics; the spending time of water exchange in the northern is longer than southern, and inshore is longer than offshore. However, the mean water exchange time becomes longer after reclamation. In addition, the material spreading is blocked because of the inwardly extending shorelines, and the direction changed from along the shoreline to towards the center after reclamation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bohai%20Bay" title="Bohai Bay">Bohai Bay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20exchange" title=" water exchange"> water exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reclamation" title=" reclamation"> reclamation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turn-over%20time" title=" turn-over time"> turn-over time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158119/impact-of-reclamation-on-the-water-exchange-in-bohai-bay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158119.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2229</span> Mean Reversion in Stock Prices: Evidence from Karachi Stock Exchange</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tabassum%20Riaz">Tabassum Riaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study provides a complete examination of the stock prices behavior in the Karachi stock exchange. It examines that whether Karachi stock exchange can be described as mean reversion or not. For this purpose daily, weekly and monthly index data from Karachi stock exchange ranging from period July 1, 1997 to July 2, 2011 was taken. After employing the Multiple variance ratio and unit root tests it is concluded that stock market follow mean reversion behavior and hence have reverting trend which opens the door for the active invest management. Thus technical analysis may be help to identify the potential areas for value creation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean%20reversion" title="mean reversion">mean reversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20walk" title=" random walk"> random walk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technical%20analysis" title=" technical analysis"> technical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karachi%20stock%20exchange" title=" Karachi stock exchange"> Karachi stock exchange</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23494/mean-reversion-in-stock-prices-evidence-from-karachi-stock-exchange" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23494.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2228</span> Unconscious Bias in Judicial Decisions: Legal Genealogy and Disgust in Cases of Private, Adult, Consensual Sexual Acts Leading to Injury</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susanna%20Menis">Susanna Menis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> ‘Unconscious’ bias is widespread, affecting society on all levels of decision-making and beyond. Placed in the law context, this study will explore the direct effect of the psycho-social and cultural evolution of unconscious bias on how a judicial decision was made. The aim of this study is to contribute to socio-legal scholarship by examining the formation of unconscious bias and its influence on the creation of legal rules that judges believe reflect social solidarity and protect against violence. The study seeks to understand how concepts like criminalization and unlawfulness are constructed by the common law. The study methodology follows two theoretical approaches: historical genealogy and emotions as sociocultural phenomena. Both methods have the ‘tracing back’ of the original formation of a social way of seeing and doing things in common. The significance of this study lies in the importance of reflecting on the ways unconscious bias may be formed; placing judges’ decisions under this spotlight forces us to challenge the status quo, interrogate justice, and seek refinement of the law. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legal%20geneology" title="legal geneology">legal geneology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotions" title=" emotions"> emotions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disgust" title=" disgust"> disgust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criminal%20law" title=" criminal law"> criminal law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173490/unconscious-bias-in-judicial-decisions-legal-genealogy-and-disgust-in-cases-of-private-adult-consensual-sexual-acts-leading-to-injury" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2227</span> Investment Adjustments to Exchange Rate Fluctuations Evidence from Manufacturing Firms in Tunisia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mourad%20Zmami%20Oussema%20BenSalha">Mourad Zmami Oussema BenSalha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current research aims to assess empirically the reaction of private investment to exchange rate fluctuations in Tunisia using a sample of 548 firms operating in manufacturing industries between 1997 and 2002. The micro-econometric model we estimate is based on an accelerator-profit specification investment model increased by two variables that measure the variation and the volatility of exchange rates. Estimates using the system the GMM method reveal that the effects of the exchange rate depreciation on investment are negative since it increases the cost of imported capital goods. Turning to the exchange rate volatility, as measured by the GARCH (1,1) model, our findings assign a significant role to the exchange rate uncertainty in explaining the sluggishness of private investment in Tunisia in the full sample of firms. Other estimation attempts based on various sub samples indicate that the elasticities of investment relative to the exchange rate volatility depend upon many firms’ specific characteristics such as the size and the ownership structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investment" title="investment">investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20rate%20volatility" title=" exchange rate volatility"> exchange rate volatility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacturing%20firms" title=" manufacturing firms"> manufacturing firms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20GMM" title=" system GMM"> system GMM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisia" title=" Tunisia"> Tunisia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27680/investment-adjustments-to-exchange-rate-fluctuations-evidence-from-manufacturing-firms-in-tunisia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2226</span> Exchange Rate Forecasting by Econometric Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahid%20Ahmad">Zahid Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nosheen%20Imran"> Nosheen Imran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nauman%20Ali"> Nauman Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farah%20Amir"> Farah Amir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of the study is to forecast the US Dollar and Pak Rupee exchange rate by using time series models. For this purpose, daily exchange rates of US and Pakistan for the period of January 01, 2007 - June 2, 2017, are employed. The data set is divided into in sample and out of sample data set where in-sample data are used to estimate as well as forecast the models, whereas out-of-sample data set is exercised to forecast the exchange rate. The ADF test and PP test are used to make the time series stationary. To forecast the exchange rate ARIMA model and GARCH model are applied. Among the different Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models best model is selected on the basis of selection criteria. Due to the volatility clustering and ARCH effect the GARCH (1, 1) is also applied. Results of analysis showed that ARIMA (0, 1, 1 ) and GARCH (1, 1) are the most suitable models to forecast the future exchange rate. Further the GARCH (1,1) model provided the volatility with non-constant conditional variance in the exchange rate with good forecasting performance. This study is very useful for researchers, policymakers, and businesses for making decisions through accurate and timely forecasting of the exchange rate and helps them in devising their policies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20rate" title="exchange rate">exchange rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ARIMA" title=" ARIMA"> ARIMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GARCH" title=" GARCH"> GARCH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PAK%2FUSD" title=" PAK/USD"> PAK/USD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75639/exchange-rate-forecasting-by-econometric-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75639.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">561</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20bias&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20bias&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20bias&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20bias&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exchange%20bias&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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