Psychiatry.org - Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease

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<ul> <li><h2>You are here:</h2></li> <li> <a href="/patients-families">Patients and Families</a> </li> <li><span class="moon-arrow-right" aria-hidden="true"></span></li> <li class="c-page--current">Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease</li> </ul> </nav> <ul class="c-toolbar"> <li class="c-share" role="presentation"> <button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="ulSocialShare" type="button"> <span class="c-btn__text">Share</span> <span class="moon-share" aria-hidden="true"></span> </button> <ul id="ulSocialShare"> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/alzheimers" title="Share page on Facebook" aria-label="Facebook Share" target="_blank"> <span class="moon-facebook" role="img" aria-hidden="true"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/alzheimers" title="Share page on Twitter" aria-label="Twitter Share" target="_blank"> <span class="moon-twitter" role="img" 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class="row u-mb--0"> <article class="c-article--main col xs12 l8 xl9 u-mb--0"> <div class="sr-only" aria-hidden="true" itemprop="name"></div> <div class="sr-only" aria-hidden="true" itemprop="description">Learn about Alzheimer's, including symptoms, risk factors, treatment options and answers to your questions.</div> <div class="c-article__body--h2 c-wysiwyg"> <p><strong>Dementia </strong>is a collective term used to describe<strong> neurodegenerative disorders </strong>of the brain that affect cognition. It is estimated that over 55 million people around the world have dementia. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia (60-80% of cases) and affects 6.7 million Americans. It commonly occurs in older adults and the prevalence of dementia increases with age, but it can also occur in younger adults.</p> <p>In people with dementia, the impairment in cognition is different from the memory problems associated with normal aging. Dementia can impair their ability to take care of themselves and their daily affairs. As the disease progresses, they can have behavior problems, including depression, anxiety, personality changes, delusions, hallucinations, and agitation. They may find it difficult to cope with new situations and surroundings. Safety may become a concern if they tend to fall more, get lost, or make mistakes while driving.</p> <p style="text-align: right;"><a class="c-btn" href="/patients-families/alzheimers/what-is-alzheimers-disease">Learn more</a></p> </div> <div class="o-wrapper o-wrapper--widget o-wrapper--faq c-accordion--border "> <h2 class="h3 c-widget__heading u-text-left">Expert Q&A: Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease</h2> <div class="row u-mb--0"> <div class="col c-col--main xs12 u-mb--0"> <section class="u-mb--spacer"> <div class="c-ada-accordion"> <h3 class="c-ada-accordion--header"> <button id="d349b83a-678e-4d9e-80e6-2e24152b5fcf" aria-controls="panel-d349b83a-678e-4d9e-80e6-2e24152b5fcf" aria-expanded="false"> How can I differentiate between memory or cognitive problems related to dementia and memory problems related to normal aging? <span class="icon moon-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </button> </h3> <div id="panel-d349b83a-678e-4d9e-80e6-2e24152b5fcf" class="c-ada-accordion--panel c-wysiwyg" ><p>Many people experience problems in memory or cognition due to the normal physiology of aging. However, compared to the memory and cognitive issues of dementia, age-associated memory impairment does not affect the activities of daily life, our ability to complete our tasks, or our ability to learn new things.</p> <p>On clinical assessment, if an individual is found to have impairment in cognition and memory that is more than expected for age but is severe enough to affect their daily living, they are diagnosed to have a mild neurocognitive disorder or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Individuals with MCI are at high risk of developing dementia, and they need periodic assessment by a primary care provider or mental health provider to assess the progression of the cognitive impairment.</p> </div> </div> <div class="c-ada-accordion"> <h3 class="c-ada-accordion--header"> <button id="874c1147-ffc5-41dc-ba9a-1ce14ee36ab7" aria-controls="panel-874c1147-ffc5-41dc-ba9a-1ce14ee36ab7" aria-expanded="false"> What are the warning signs of dementia? <span class="icon moon-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </button> </h3> <div id="panel-874c1147-ffc5-41dc-ba9a-1ce14ee36ab7" class="c-ada-accordion--panel c-wysiwyg" ><p>The symptoms of dementia vary between individuals and types of dementia. Some of the early signs include memory problems, problems with language, misplacing personal belongings, trouble with organizing and planning activities like physician appointments, mood changes, difficulties in performing familiar tasks or using everyday objects like a cellphone, being confused about time and place, and withdrawal from social activities like family gatherings.</p> </div> </div> <div class="c-ada-accordion"> <h3 class="c-ada-accordion--header"> <button id="4861ee5c-c6f6-4f67-8a02-c12748486e06" aria-controls="panel-4861ee5c-c6f6-4f67-8a02-c12748486e06" aria-expanded="false"> My grandfather has dementia. Will I get it? <span class="icon moon-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </button> </h3> <div id="panel-4861ee5c-c6f6-4f67-8a02-c12748486e06" class="c-ada-accordion--panel c-wysiwyg" ><p>Only a few rare subtypes of dementia run in families. These rare familial types of dementia are caused by mutations in genes inherited by family members. These types of dementia usually manifest before the age of 65. Genetic testing for these types of dementia is not recommended as a positive test does not necessarily mean that an individual will develop dementia. Even with a history of multiple family members with dementia and a positive genetic test for a familial type of dementia, an individual may not still develop dementia. There are no specific preventative measures for dementia. The risk for developing dementia can be reduced bymaking healthy lifestyle choices such as:</p> <ul> <li>Eating a balanced diet.</li> <li>Avoiding tobacco or other substances.</li> <li>Limiting the consumption of alcohol.</li> <li>Being physically, mentally, and socially active.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="c-ada-accordion"> <h3 class="c-ada-accordion--header"> <button id="b7d1bcde-5e04-4fe6-8f4b-319ceb9c6ade" aria-controls="panel-b7d1bcde-5e04-4fe6-8f4b-319ceb9c6ade" aria-expanded="false"> What is the cure for dementia? <span class="icon moon-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </button> </h3> <div id="panel-b7d1bcde-5e04-4fe6-8f4b-319ceb9c6ade" class="c-ada-accordion--panel c-wysiwyg" ><p>Unfortunately, there is no treatment yet that can reverse the disease process of dementia. Medications approved by the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) can slow down the process of Alzheimer’s disease (but not other types of dementia). As the disease progresses in severity, the medications can become less effective, and they can be discontinued to reduce the burden of taking inappropriate and unnecessary medications. New medications are being studied now with the hope that they will one day be able to slow down or stop the decline in cognitive impairment.</p> </div> </div> <div class="c-ada-accordion"> <h3 class="c-ada-accordion--header"> <button id="df93bc38-1ebc-4ebf-9347-7dcf14efb78c" aria-controls="panel-df93bc38-1ebc-4ebf-9347-7dcf14efb78c" aria-expanded="false"> My mother is stressed and overwhelmed about caring for my father with Alzheimer鈥檚 disease. What can be done for her to manage her stress? <span class="icon moon-chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </button> </h3> <div id="panel-df93bc38-1ebc-4ebf-9347-7dcf14efb78c" class="c-ada-accordion--panel c-wysiwyg" ><p>Stress and burnout are common in caregivers for individuals with dementia, especially as the severity of dementia progresses and requires more investment in care by caregivers. Caregivers can be frustrated, depressed, and anxious about caring for their loved ones, which can take a toll on their physical and mental health. It is vital that caregiver burden and stress be addressed when assessing individuals with dementia. They should be provided with a break from caregiving for a few hours a day to take care of themselves and their needs. Family members can also take turns providing care for the individual with dementia. Caregivers are encouraged to seek psychotherapy and counseling if they feel anxious or depressed about caring for their loved ones. Information about caregiver support groups and other caregiver resources can be obtained from the local chapter of the <a href="https://www.alz.org/" target="_blank">Alzheimer’s Association</a>.</p> </div> </div> </section> <a href="/Patients-Families/Alzheimers/Expert-Q-and-A?id=5231" class="c-btn c-btn--orange">View More FAQs</a> <div class="c-card c-author-pod"> <p class="c-author__label">Author</p> <div class="c-author__img-content"> <div class="c-author__content"> <h3 class="h4 u-mb--1">Badr Ratnakaran, M.D.</h3> <p>Assistant Professor<br /> Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> </div> <div> </div> <div> </div> </article> <aside class="o-sidebar--r col xs12 l4 xl3"> <div class="o-wrapper o-wrapper--widget "> <div class="c-connect u-bg-color--blue--light"> <h2 class="h4">Connect with APA</h2> <ul class="o-list-bare social"> <li><span class="moon-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></span><a 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