CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Cistecephalus - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"70ea89d4-f721-4ef8-9948-0dcd313c8318","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Cistecephalus","wgTitle":"Cistecephalus","wgCurRevisionId":1241055002,"wgRevisionId":1241055002,"wgArticleId":3873274,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles with 'species' microformats","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Emydopoids","Lopingian synapsids of Africa","Fossil taxa described in 1876","Taxa named by Richard Owen","Wuchiapingian genus first appearances","Wuchiapingian genus extinctions"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Cistecephalus","wgRelevantArticleId": 3873274,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2167943","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Cistecephalus_microrhinus_54.jpg/1200px-Cistecephalus_microrhinus_54.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1148"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Cistecephalus_microrhinus_54.jpg/800px-Cistecephalus_microrhinus_54.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="765"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Cistecephalus_microrhinus_54.jpg/640px-Cistecephalus_microrhinus_54.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="612"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Cistecephalus - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cistecephalus"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Cistecephalus&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cistecephalus"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Cistecephalus rootpage-Cistecephalus skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cistecephalus" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cistecephalus" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cistecephalus" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cistecephalus" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Cistecephalus</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cistecephalus" title="Cistecephalus – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cistecephalus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cistecephalus" title="Cistecephalus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cistecephalus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cistecephalus" title="Cistecephalus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cistecephalus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cistecephalus_microrhinus" title="Cistecephalus microrhinus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cistecephalus microrhinus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1" title="כיסטצפאלוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כיסטצפאלוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cistecephalus" title="Cistecephalus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cistecephalus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%B1%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9" title="システケファルス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="システケファルス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cistecefal" title="Cistecefal – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cistecefal" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cistecephalus" title="Cistecephalus – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Cistecephalus" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cistecephalus" title="Cistecephalus – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cistecephalus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%A0%AD%E7%8D%B8%E5%B1%AC" title="小頭獸屬 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="小頭獸屬" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2167943#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cistecephalus" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Cistecephalus" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cistecephalus"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cistecephalus&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cistecephalus&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cistecephalus"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cistecephalus&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cistecephalus&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Cistecephalus" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Cistecephalus" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cistecephalus&oldid=1241055002" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cistecephalus&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Cistecephalus&id=1241055002&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCistecephalus"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCistecephalus"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Cistecephalus&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cistecephalus&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cistecephalus" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2167943" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Extinct genus of dicynodonts</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><i>Cistecephalus</i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <a href="/wiki/Wuchiapingian" title="Wuchiapingian">Wuchiapingian</a>, <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">259.8–254.1 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:132.06769230769px; width:1.9292307692308px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:132.06769230769px; width:1.9292307692308px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:133.06769230769px; width:-0.070769230769225px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cistecephalus_microrhinus_54.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Cistecephalus_microrhinus_54.jpg/220px-Cistecephalus_microrhinus_54.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Cistecephalus_microrhinus_54.jpg/330px-Cistecephalus_microrhinus_54.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Cistecephalus_microrhinus_54.jpg/440px-Cistecephalus_microrhinus_54.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2078" data-file-height="1988" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Skull in front view, Natural History Museum, Bonn University </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Cistecephalus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Synapsida" title="Synapsida">Synapsida</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Therapsida" title="Therapsida">Therapsida</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Suborder: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Anomodontia" title="Anomodontia">Anomodontia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Dicynodontia" title="Dicynodontia">Dicynodontia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Cistecephalidae" title="Cistecephalidae">Cistecephalidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Cistecephalus</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Richard_Owen" title="Richard Owen">Owen</a>, <a href="/wiki/1876_in_paleontology" title="1876 in paleontology">1876</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">Type species</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><b>Cistecephalus microrhinus</b></i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Owen, 1876</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Cistecephalus</b></i> is an extinct <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dicynodont" class="mw-redirect" title="Dicynodont">dicynodont</a> <a href="/wiki/Therapsid" class="mw-redirect" title="Therapsid">therapsid</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Late_Permian" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Permian">Late Permian</a> of southern Africa (<a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>). It was a small, specialised, burrowing dicynodont, possibly with habits similar to a modern <a href="/wiki/Mole_(animal)" title="Mole (animal)">mole</a>. The head was flattened and wedge-shaped, the body long, and the forelimbs very strong, with similarities in structure to the forelimb of modern burrowing mammals.<sup id="cite_ref-EoDP_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EoDP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Cistecephalus</i> appears to have been endemic to the Karoo Basin of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammerer16_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammerer16-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is most common in the <a href="/wiki/Cistecephalus_Assemblage_Zone" title="Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone"><i>Cistecephalus</i> Assemblage Zone</a>, in which it dominates the fauna, and is also found in the slightly older <a href="/wiki/Tropidostoma_Assemblage_Zone" title="Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone"><i>Tropidostoma</i> Assemblage Zone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nasterlack12_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasterlack12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was one of the first genera of dicynodonts to be described, by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Owen" title="Richard Owen">Richard Owen</a>, in 1876. </p><p><i>Cistecephalus</i> could reach up to 60 centimetres (24 in) in length. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cistecephalus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cistecephalus1DB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Cistecephalus1DB.jpg/220px-Cistecephalus1DB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Cistecephalus1DB.jpg/330px-Cistecephalus1DB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Cistecephalus1DB.jpg/440px-Cistecephalus1DB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1162" /></a><figcaption>Restoration</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Cistecephalus</i> was one of the most atypical dicynodont genera.<sup id="cite_ref-Cluver78_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cluver78-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it was broadly similar in anatomy to other cistecephalids, all of which share similar adaptations to digging. Its skull was broad, with laterally-directed temporal openings and a sharply tapering snout, similar to extant fossorial animals. However, it has relatively large, anteriorly-directed orbits, suggesting binocular vision.<sup id="cite_ref-Nasterlack12_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasterlack12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had a short neck and laterally-directed shoulder joint. Its forelimbs were short and powerfully built, and its manus were broad, with fused phalanges. Its hind limbs were flexible and probably could be used to move dirt out of the way. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cistecephalus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Cistecephalus</i> was one of the first dicynodont genera named, and it has had numerous species assigned to it, but only the type species is considered valid today. Most of these invalid species were incorrectly identified as distinct due to taphonomic differences as well as ontogenetic change and sexual dimorphism.<sup id="cite_ref-Nasterlack12_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasterlack12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The biology of <i>Cistecephalus</i> has been interpreted in various ways, due to its rather unusual morphology. Both aquatic and arboreal lifestyles have been suggested, but since 1978, the consensus has been that it was fossorial.<sup id="cite_ref-Nasterlack12_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasterlack12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cluver78_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cluver78-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some fossils of a cistecephalid from the <a href="/wiki/Kundaram_Formation" title="Kundaram Formation">Kundaram Formation</a> of India were regarded as belonging to <i>Cistecephalus</i>, but have since been assigned to a separate genus, <i><a href="/wiki/Sauroscaptor" title="Sauroscaptor">Sauroscaptor</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammerer16_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammerer16-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Cistecephalus</i> is derived from the Greek words <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BA%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7" class="extiw" title="wikt:κίστη">κίστη</a> ("box") and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AE" class="extiw" title="wikt:κεφαλή">κεφαλή</a> ("head"), and was spelled <i>Kistecephalus</i> until emended by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lydekker" title="Richard Lydekker">Richard Lydekker</a> in 1890.<sup id="cite_ref-Owen1876_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Owen1876-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Frobisch08_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frobisch08-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name is a reference to the boxy shape of its skull.<sup id="cite_ref-Nasterlack12_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasterlack12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Species">Species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cistecephalus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iziko_Moles_Cistecephalus_microrhinus_specimen.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Iziko_Moles_Cistecephalus_microrhinus_specimen.JPG/220px-Iziko_Moles_Cistecephalus_microrhinus_specimen.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Iziko_Moles_Cistecephalus_microrhinus_specimen.JPG/330px-Iziko_Moles_Cistecephalus_microrhinus_specimen.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Iziko_Moles_Cistecephalus_microrhinus_specimen.JPG/440px-Iziko_Moles_Cistecephalus_microrhinus_specimen.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3272" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption>Skulls in Iziko Museum</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Cistecephalus</i> has had many species assigned to it, most of which are now considered junior synonyms of the type species. Richard Owen named six species when he erected the genus in 1876, of which <i>C. microrhinus</i> is considered the type. </p> <ul><li><i>Cistecephalus microrhinus</i> is the type species of <i>Cistecephalus</i> and the only species currently considered valid.<sup id="cite_ref-Nasterlack12_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nasterlack12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Cistecephalus leptorhinus</i> was one of the six original species of the genus. This species is a <i>nomen dubium</i> which has long been assigned to <i><a href="/wiki/Dicynodon" title="Dicynodon">Dicynodon</a></i> as well as being made the type species of its own genus, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baiopsis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baiopsis (page does not exist)">Baiopsis</a></i>. It is potentially a synonym of <i><a href="/wiki/Diictodon_feliceps" class="mw-redirect" title="Diictodon feliceps">Diictodon feliceps</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Owen1876_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Owen1876-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kammerer11_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammerer11-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Cistecephalus chelydroides</i> was one of the six original species of the genus.<sup id="cite_ref-Owen1876_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Owen1876-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Cistecephalus planiceps</i> was one of the six original species of the genus.<sup id="cite_ref-Owen1876_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Owen1876-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Cistecephalus arctatus</i> was one of the six original species of the genus.<sup id="cite_ref-Owen1876_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Owen1876-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been transferred to the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Emydops" title="Emydops">Emydops</a></i>, and is one of the two valid species in that genus.<sup id="cite_ref-Frobisch08_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frobisch08-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Cistecephalus bathygnathus</i> was one of the six original species of the genus.<sup id="cite_ref-Owen1876_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Owen1876-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Cistecephalus angusticeps</i> was named by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Broom" title="Robert Broom">Robert Broom</a> in 1932. It is a junior synonym of <i>C. microrhinus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wyllie03_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wyllie03-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Cistecephalus major</i> was named by Robert Broom in 1948. It is a junior synonym of <i>C. microrhinus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wyllie03_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wyllie03-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Cistecephalus platyfrons</i> was named by Robert Broom in 1948. It is a junior synonym of <i>C. microrhinus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wyllie03_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wyllie03-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Cistecephalus rubidgei</i> was named by Robert Broom in 1948. It is a junior synonym of <i>C. microrhinus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wyllie03_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wyllie03-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Cistecephalus laticeps</i> was named by A. S. Brink in 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-Brink50_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brink50-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cistecephalus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cistecephalus_angusticeps.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Cistecephalus_angusticeps.jpg/220px-Cistecephalus_angusticeps.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Cistecephalus_angusticeps.jpg/330px-Cistecephalus_angusticeps.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Cistecephalus_angusticeps.jpg/440px-Cistecephalus_angusticeps.jpg 2x" data-file-width="477" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>Skull in side view, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Cistecephalus</i> is the type genus of <a href="/wiki/Cistecephalidae" title="Cistecephalidae">Cistecephalidae</a>, a clade of <a href="/wiki/Emydopoidea" title="Emydopoidea">emydopoid</a> dicynodonts known from southern Africa and India. Cistecephalids are among the most strongly-supported clades within Dicynodontia.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammerer16_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammerer16-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cladogram showing the phylogenetic position of <i>Cistecephalus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kammerer16_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammerer16-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kammerer09_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammerer09-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kammerer15_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kammerer15-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:85%;line-height:85%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Pylaecephalidae" title="Pylaecephalidae">Pylaecephalidae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Diictodon" title="Diictodon">Diictodon</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Eosimops" title="Eosimops">Eosimops</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Prosictodon" title="Prosictodon">Prosictodon</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Robertia" title="Robertia">Robertia</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Emydopoidea" title="Emydopoidea">Emydopoidea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Emydopidae" title="Emydopidae">Emydopidae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Emydops" title="Emydops">Emydops</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Kistecephalia" title="Kistecephalia">Kistecephalia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Kingoriidae" title="Kingoriidae">Kingoriidae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Dicynodontoides" title="Dicynodontoides">Dicynodontoides</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Kombuisia" title="Kombuisia">Kombuisia</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Digalodon" title="Digalodon">Digalodon</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Myosauridae" title="Myosauridae">Myosauridae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Myosaurus" title="Myosaurus">Myosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Cistecephalidae" title="Cistecephalidae">Cistecephalidae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Sauroscaptor" title="Sauroscaptor">Sauroscaptor</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><b>Cistecephalus</b></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Cistecephaloides" title="Cistecephaloides">Cistecephaloides</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Kawingasaurus" title="Kawingasaurus">Kawingasaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Bidentalia" title="Bidentalia">Bidentalia</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cistecephalus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EoDP-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EoDP_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPalmer,_D.1999" class="citation book cs1">Palmer, D., ed. (1999). <i>The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals</i>. London: Marshall Editions. p. 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84028-152-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-84028-152-9"><bdi>1-84028-152-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Marshall+Illustrated+Encyclopedia+of+Dinosaurs+and+Prehistoric+Animals&rft.place=London&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=Marshall+Editions&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-84028-152-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACistecephalus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kammerer16-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kammerer16_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammerer16_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammerer16_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kammerer16_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKammererBandyopadhyayRay2016" class="citation journal cs1">Kammerer, C. F.; Bandyopadhyay, Saswati; Ray, Sanghamitra (2016). "A new taxon of cistecephalid dicynodont from the upper Permian Kundaram Formation of India". <i>Papers in Palaeontology</i>. <b>2</b> (4): 569–584. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fspp2.1055">10.1002/spp2.1055</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:88833541">88833541</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Papers+in+Palaeontology&rft.atitle=A+new+taxon+of+cistecephalid+dicynodont+from+the+upper+Permian+Kundaram+Formation+of+India&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=569-584&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fspp2.1055&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A88833541%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kammerer&rft.aufirst=C.+F.&rft.au=Bandyopadhyay%2C+Saswati&rft.au=Ray%2C+Sanghamitra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACistecephalus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nasterlack12-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nasterlack12_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nasterlack12_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nasterlack12_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nasterlack12_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nasterlack12_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nasterlack12_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNasterlackCanovilleChinsamy2012" class="citation journal cs1">Nasterlack, Tobias; Canoville, Aurore; Chinsamy, Anusuya (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.4202/app.00219.2015">"New insights into the biology of the Permian genus <i>Cistecephalus</i> (Therapsida, Dicynodontia)"</a>. <i>Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology</i>. <b>32</b> (6): 1396–1410. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JVPal..32.1396N">2012JVPal..32.1396N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02724634.2012.697410">10.1080/02724634.2012.697410</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23361056">23361056</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:86333197">86333197</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology&rft.atitle=New+insights+into+the+biology+of+the+Permian+genus+Cistecephalus+%28Therapsida%2C+Dicynodontia%29&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1396-1410&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02724634.2012.697410&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A86333197%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23361056%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012JVPal..32.1396N&rft.aulast=Nasterlack&rft.aufirst=Tobias&rft.au=Canoville%2C+Aurore&rft.au=Chinsamy%2C+Anusuya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioone.org%2Fdoi%2Fpdf%2F10.4202%2Fapp.00219.2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACistecephalus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cluver78-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cluver78_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cluver78_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCluver1978" class="citation journal cs1">Cluver, Michael A. (1978). "The skeleton of the mammal-like reptile <i>Cistecephalus</i> with evidence for a fossorial mode of life". <i>Annals of the South African Museum</i>. <b>76</b> (5): 213–246.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+South+African+Museum&rft.atitle=The+skeleton+of+the+mammal-like+reptile+Cistecephalus+with+evidence+for+a+fossorial+mode+of+life&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=213-246&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Cluver&rft.aufirst=Michael+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACistecephalus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Owen1876-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Owen1876_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Owen1876_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Owen1876_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Owen1876_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Owen1876_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Owen1876_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwen1876" class="citation book cs1">Owen, Richard (1876). <i>Descriptive and illustrated catalogue of the fossil Reptila of South Africa in the collection of the British Museum</i>. London: Taylor and Francis.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Descriptive+and+illustrated+catalogue+of+the+fossil+Reptila+of+South+Africa+in+the+collection+of+the+British+Museum&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Taylor+and+Francis&rft.date=1876&rft.aulast=Owen&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACistecephalus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frobisch08-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Frobisch08_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frobisch08_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFröbischReisz2008" class="citation journal cs1">Fröbisch, Jörg; Reisz, Robert R. (2008). "A new species of <i>Emydops</i> (Synapsida, Anomodontia) and a discussion of dental variability and pathology in dicynodonts". <i>Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology</i>. <b>28</b> (3): 770–787. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1671%2F0272-4634%282008%2928%5B770%3AANSOES%5D2.0.CO%3B2">10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[770:ANSOES]2.0.CO;2</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:85594758">85594758</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology&rft.atitle=A+new+species+of+Emydops+%28Synapsida%2C+Anomodontia%29+and+a+discussion+of+dental+variability+and+pathology+in+dicynodonts&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=770-787&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1671%2F0272-4634%282008%2928%5B770%3AANSOES%5D2.0.CO%3B2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A85594758%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Fr%C3%B6bisch&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B6rg&rft.au=Reisz%2C+Robert+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACistecephalus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kammerer11-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kammerer11_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKammererAngielczykFröbisch2011" class="citation journal cs1">Kammerer, Christian F.; Angielczyk, Kenneth D.; Fröbisch, Jörg (2011). "A comprehensive taxonomic revision of <i>Dicynodon</i> (Therapsida, Anomodontia) and its implications for dicynodont phylogeny, biogeography, and stratigraphy". <i>Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Memoir</i>. <b>11</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Society+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology+Memoir&rft.atitle=A+comprehensive+taxonomic+revision+of+Dicynodon+%28Therapsida%2C+Anomodontia%29+and+its+implications+for+dicynodont+phylogeny%2C+biogeography%2C+and+stratigraphy&rft.volume=11&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Kammerer&rft.aufirst=Christian+F.&rft.au=Angielczyk%2C+Kenneth+D.&rft.au=Fr%C3%B6bisch%2C+J%C3%B6rg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACistecephalus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wyllie03-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wyllie03_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wyllie03_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wyllie03_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wyllie03_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyllie2003" class="citation journal cs1">Wyllie, Alistair (2003). "A review of Robert Broom's therapsid holotypes: have they survived the test of time?". <i>Palaeontologica Africana</i>. <b>39</b>: 1–19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palaeontologica+Africana&rft.atitle=A+review+of+Robert+Broom%27s+therapsid+holotypes%3A+have+they+survived+the+test+of+time%3F&rft.volume=39&rft.pages=1-19&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Wyllie&rft.aufirst=Alistair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACistecephalus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brink50-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brink50_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrink1950" class="citation journal cs1">Brink, A. S. (1950). "On a new species of <i>Cistecephalus</i> Owen". <i>Annals and Magazine of Natural History</i>. <b>3</b> (35): 985–997. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00222935008656104">10.1080/00222935008656104</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+and+Magazine+of+Natural+History&rft.atitle=On+a+new+species+of+Cistecephalus+Owen&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=35&rft.pages=985-997&rft.date=1950&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00222935008656104&rft.aulast=Brink&rft.aufirst=A.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACistecephalus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kammerer09-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kammerer09_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKammererAngielczyk2009" class="citation journal cs1">Kammerer, Christian F.; Angielczyk, Kenneth D. (2009). "A proposed higher taxonomy of anomodont therapsids". <i>Zootaxa</i>. <b>2018</b>: 1–24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zootaxa&rft.atitle=A+proposed+higher+taxonomy+of+anomodont+therapsids&rft.volume=2018&rft.pages=1-24&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Kammerer&rft.aufirst=Christian+F.&rft.au=Angielczyk%2C+Kenneth+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACistecephalus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kammerer15-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kammerer15_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kammerer, C. F., K. D. Angielczyk, and J. Frobisch. 2015. Redescription of Digalodon rubidgei, an emydopoid dicynodont (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from the late Permian of South Africa. Fossil Record 18:43–55.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cistecephalus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>King, Gillian M., 1990, <i>the Dicynodonts: A Study in Palaeobiology</i>, Chapman and Hall, London and New York</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cistecephalus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cistecephalus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cistecephalus">Cistecephalus</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060907075916/http://gatito.valdosta.edu/fossil_pages/fossils_per/t32.html">"<i>Cistecephalus</i>"</a>. <i>Gatito</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gatito.valdosta.edu/fossil_pages/fossils_per/t32.html">the original</a> on September 7, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gatito&rft.atitle=Cistecephalus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgatito.valdosta.edu%2Ffossil_pages%2Ffossils_per%2Ft32.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACistecephalus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060509005956/http://www.palaeos.com/Paleozoic/Permian/Karroo.htm">"Tetrapod Fossil Sites - The Karoo Basin"</a>. <i>Palaeos</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palaeos.com/Paleozoic/Permian/Karroo.htm">the original</a> on May 9, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Palaeos&rft.atitle=Tetrapod+Fossil+Sites+-+The+Karoo+Basin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palaeos.com%2FPaleozoic%2FPermian%2FKarroo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACistecephalus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060222040556/http://www.palaeos.com/Vertebrates/Units/400Therapsida/400.725.html">"Therapsida: Neotherapsida: Dicynodontia"</a>. <i>Palaeos</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palaeos.com/Vertebrates/Units/400Therapsida/400.725.html">the original</a> on February 22, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Palaeos&rft.atitle=Therapsida%3A+Neotherapsida%3A+Dicynodontia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palaeos.com%2FVertebrates%2FUnits%2F400Therapsida%2F400.725.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACistecephalus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305123231/http://www.kheper.net/evolution/therapsida/Anomodontia.htm">"Anomodontia"</a>. <i>Kheper Home</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kheper.net/evolution/therapsida/Anomodontia.htm">the original</a> on March 5, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kheper+Home&rft.atitle=Anomodontia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kheper.net%2Fevolution%2Ftherapsida%2FAnomodontia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACistecephalus" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anomodontia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anomodontia" title="Template:Anomodontia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anomodontia" title="Template talk:Anomodontia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anomodontia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anomodontia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anomodontia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anomodontia" title="Anomodontia">Anomodontia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Kingdom:_Animalia_*_Phylum:_Chordata_*_Clade:_Synapsida_*_Clade:_Therapsida" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Synapsida" title="Synapsida">Synapsida</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Therapsida" title="Therapsida">Therapsida</a></li></ul> </span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Synapsida" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Synapsida" title="Synapsida">Synapsida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Synapsida" title="Template:Synapsida">Synapsida</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anomodontia" title="Anomodontia">Anomodontia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Anomodontia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anomodontia" title="Anomodontia">Anomodontia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Anomodontia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Anomodontia" title="Anomodontia">Anomodontia</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Biseridens" title="Biseridens">Biseridens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Novocynodon" title="Novocynodon">Novocynodon</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anomocephaloidea" title="Anomocephaloidea">Anomocephaloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anomocephalus" title="Anomocephalus">Anomocephalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiarajudens" title="Tiarajudens">Tiarajudens</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Venyukovioidea" title="Venyukovioidea">Venyukovioidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Otsheria" title="Otsheria">Otsheria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parasuminia" title="Parasuminia">Parasuminia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suminia" title="Suminia">Suminia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulemica" title="Ulemica">Ulemica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venyukovia" title="Venyukovia">Venyukovia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chainosauria" title="Chainosauria">Chainosauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Galechirus" title="Galechirus">Galechirus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Galeops" title="Galeops">Galeops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Galepus" title="Galepus">Galepus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Patranomodon" title="Patranomodon">Patranomodon</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Anomocephaloidea" title="Anomocephaloidea">Anomocephaloidea</a></b>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dicynodontia" title="Dicynodontia">Dicynodontia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Galepus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Galepus jouberti"><img alt="Galepus jouberti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Galepus.jpg/100px-Galepus.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Galepus.jpg/150px-Galepus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Galepus.jpg/200px-Galepus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="691" data-file-height="852" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Dicynodontia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dicynodontia" title="Dicynodontia">Dicynodontia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dicynodontia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Dicynodontia" title="Dicynodontia">Dicynodontia</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brachyprosopus" title="Brachyprosopus">Brachyprosopus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Colobodectes" title="Colobodectes">Colobodectes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eodicynodon" title="Eodicynodon">Eodicynodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lanthanostegus" title="Lanthanostegus">Lanthanostegus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nyaphulia" title="Nyaphulia">Nyaphulia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pristerodon" title="Pristerodon">Pristerodon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pylaecephalidae" title="Pylaecephalidae">Pylaecephalidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Diictodon" title="Diictodon">Diictodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eosimops" title="Eosimops">Eosimops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prosictodon" title="Prosictodon">Prosictodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Robertia" title="Robertia">Robertia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endothiodontia" title="Endothiodontia">Endothiodontia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abajudon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abajudon (page does not exist)">Abajudon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Endothiodon" title="Endothiodon">Endothiodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Niassodon" title="Niassodon">Niassodon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Therochelonia" title="Therochelonia">Therochelonia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Emydopoidea" title="Emydopoidea">Emydopoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Digalodon" title="Digalodon">Digalodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emydorhinus" title="Emydorhinus">Emydorhinus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palemydops" title="Palemydops">Palemydops</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Emydopidae" title="Emydopidae">Emydopidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Compsodon" title="Compsodon">Compsodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emydops" title="Emydops">Emydops</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Myosauridae" title="Myosauridae">Myosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Myosauroides" title="Myosauroides">Myosauroides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myosaurus" title="Myosaurus">Myosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingoriidae" title="Kingoriidae">Kingoriidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dicynodontoides" title="Dicynodontoides">Dicynodontoides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kombuisia" title="Kombuisia">Kombuisia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thliptosaurus" title="Thliptosaurus">Thliptosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cistecephalidae" title="Cistecephalidae">Cistecephalidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cistecephaloides" title="Cistecephaloides">Cistecephaloides</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cistecephalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kawingasaurus" title="Kawingasaurus">Kawingasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kembawacela" title="Kembawacela">Kembawacela</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sauroscaptor" title="Sauroscaptor">Sauroscaptor</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bidentalia" title="Bidentalia">Bidentalia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Diictodon_EF.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Diictodon feliceps"><img alt="Diictodon feliceps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Diictodon_EF.jpg/140px-Diictodon_EF.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Diictodon_EF.jpg/210px-Diictodon_EF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Diictodon_EF.jpg/280px-Diictodon_EF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1125" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KingoriaDB.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dicynodontoides recurvidens"><img alt="Dicynodontoides recurvidens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/KingoriaDB.jpg/140px-KingoriaDB.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/KingoriaDB.jpg/210px-KingoriaDB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/KingoriaDB.jpg/280px-KingoriaDB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="415" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Bidentalia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bidentalia" title="Bidentalia">Bidentalia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Bidentalia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Bidentalia" title="Bidentalia">Bidentalia</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daqingshanodon" title="Daqingshanodon">Daqingshanodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Idelesaurus" title="Idelesaurus">Idelesaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keyseria" title="Keyseria">Keyseria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Odontocyclops" title="Odontocyclops">Odontocyclops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rastodon" title="Rastodon">Rastodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Syops" title="Syops">Syops</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elphidae" title="Elphidae">Elphidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Elph_(therapsid)" title="Elph (therapsid)">Elph</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interpresosaurus" title="Interpresosaurus">Interpresosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katumbia" title="Katumbia">Katumbia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geikiidae" title="Geikiidae">Geikiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aulacephalodon" title="Aulacephalodon">Aulacephalodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bulbasaurus" title="Bulbasaurus">Bulbasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geikia" title="Geikia">Geikia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pelanomodon" title="Pelanomodon">Pelanomodon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oudenodontidae" title="Oudenodontidae">Oudenodontidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Australobarbarus" title="Australobarbarus">Australobarbarus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oudenodon" title="Oudenodon">Oudenodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tropidostoma" title="Tropidostoma">Tropidostoma</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rhachiocephalidae" title="Rhachiocephalidae">Rhachiocephalidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitchinganomodon" title="Kitchinganomodon">Kitchinganomodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhachiocephalus" title="Rhachiocephalus">Rhachiocephalus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dicynodontoidea" title="Dicynodontoidea">Dicynodontoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Counillonia" title="Counillonia">Counillonia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daptocephalus" title="Daptocephalus">Daptocephalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Delectosaurus" title="Delectosaurus">Delectosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dicynodon" title="Dicynodon">Dicynodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dinanomodon" title="Dinanomodon">Dinanomodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordonia_(synapsid)" title="Gordonia (synapsid)">Gordonia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kunpania" title="Kunpania">Kunpania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peramodon" title="Peramodon">Peramodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Repelinosaurus" title="Repelinosaurus">Repelinosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taoheodon" title="Taoheodon">Taoheodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turfanodon" title="Turfanodon">Turfanodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vivaxosaurus" title="Vivaxosaurus">Vivaxosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lystrosauridae" title="Lystrosauridae">Lystrosauridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Basilodon" title="Basilodon">Basilodon</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Euptychognathus" title="Euptychognathus">Euptychognathus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jimusaria" title="Jimusaria">Jimusaria</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kwazulusaurus" title="Kwazulusaurus">Kwazulusaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lystrosaurus" title="Lystrosaurus">Lystrosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sintocephalus" title="Sintocephalus">Sintocephalus</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kannemeyeriiformes" title="Kannemeyeriiformes">Kannemeyeriiformes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GeikiaDB17.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Geikia elginensis"><img alt="Geikia elginensis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/GeikiaDB17.jpg/140px-GeikiaDB17.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/GeikiaDB17.jpg/210px-GeikiaDB17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/GeikiaDB17.jpg/280px-GeikiaDB17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2284" data-file-height="1092" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lystrosaurus_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lystrosaurus murrayi"><img alt="Lystrosaurus murrayi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Lystrosaurus_BW.jpg/140px-Lystrosaurus_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Lystrosaurus_BW.jpg/210px-Lystrosaurus_BW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Lystrosaurus_BW.jpg/280px-Lystrosaurus_BW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="410" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Kannemeyeriiformes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kannemeyeriiformes" title="Kannemeyeriiformes">Kannemeyeriiformes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Kannemeyeriiformes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Kannemeyeriiformes" title="Kannemeyeriiformes">Kannemeyeriiformes</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Angonisaurus" title="Angonisaurus">Angonisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dinodontosaurus" title="Dinodontosaurus">Dinodontosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elephantosaurus" title="Elephantosaurus">Elephantosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woznikella" title="Woznikella">Woznikella</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shansiodontidae" title="Shansiodontidae">Shansiodontidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shansiodon" title="Shansiodon">Shansiodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tetragonias" title="Tetragonias">Tetragonias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vinceria" title="Vinceria">Vinceria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhinodicynodon" title="Rhinodicynodon">Rhinodicynodon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kannemeyeriidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannemeyeriidae">Kannemeyeriidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acratophorus_argentinensis" title="Acratophorus argentinensis">Acratophorus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dolichuranus" title="Dolichuranus">Dolichuranus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kannemeyeria" title="Kannemeyeria">Kannemeyeria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parakannemeyeria" title="Parakannemeyeria">Parakannemeyeria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rabidosaurus" title="Rabidosaurus">Rabidosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rechnisaurus" title="Rechnisaurus">Rechnisaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhadiodromus" title="Rhadiodromus">Rhadiodromus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shaanbeikannemeyeria" title="Shaanbeikannemeyeria">Shaanbeikannemeyeria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinokannemeyeria" title="Sinokannemeyeria">Sinokannemeyeria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uralokannemeyeria" title="Uralokannemeyeria">Uralokannemeyeria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wadiasaurus" title="Wadiasaurus">Wadiasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xiyukannemeyeria" title="Xiyukannemeyeria">Xiyukannemeyeria</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stahleckeriidae" title="Stahleckeriidae">Stahleckeriidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sungeodon" title="Sungeodon">Sungeodon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stahleckeriidae" title="Stahleckeriidae">Placeriinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Argodicynodon" title="Argodicynodon">Argodicynodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lisowicia" title="Lisowicia">Lisowicia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moghreberia" title="Moghreberia">Moghreberia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pentasaurus" title="Pentasaurus">Pentasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Placerias" title="Placerias">Placerias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zambiasaurus" title="Zambiasaurus">Zambiasaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stahleckeriidae" title="Stahleckeriidae">Stahleckeriinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eubrachiosaurus" title="Eubrachiosaurus">Eubrachiosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ischigualastia" title="Ischigualastia">Ischigualastia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jachaleria" title="Jachaleria">Jachaleria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sangusaurus" title="Sangusaurus">Sangusaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stahleckeria" title="Stahleckeria">Stahleckeria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ufudocyclops" title="Ufudocyclops">Ufudocyclops</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisowicia_bojani_J..png" class="mw-file-description" title="Lisowicia bojani"><img alt="Lisowicia bojani" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Lisowicia_bojani_J..png/140px-Lisowicia_bojani_J..png" decoding="async" width="140" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Lisowicia_bojani_J..png/210px-Lisowicia_bojani_J..png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Lisowicia_bojani_J..png/280px-Lisowicia_bojani_J..png 2x" data-file-width="2844" data-file-height="1651" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nomen_dubium" title="Nomen dubium">Nomina dubia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Azarifeneria" class="mw-redirect" title="Azarifeneria">Azarifeneria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baiopsis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baiopsis (page does not exist)">Baiopsis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Calleonasus" title="Calleonasus">Calleonasus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chelyoposaurus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chelyoposaurus (page does not exist)">Chelyoposaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cristonasus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cristonasus (page does not exist)">Cristonasus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diaelurodon" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaelurodon">Diaelurodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dicranozygoma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dicranozygoma (page does not exist)">Dicranozygoma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elatosaurus" title="Elatosaurus">Elatosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eurycarpus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurycarpus">Eurycarpus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haughtoniana" title="Haughtoniana">Haughtoniana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keirognathus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keirognathus (page does not exist)">Keirognathus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Koupia" title="Koupia">Koupia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasoplanites&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasoplanites (page does not exist)">Nasoplanites</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opisthoctenodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opisthoctenodon (page does not exist)">Opisthoctenodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parvobestiola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parvobestiola (page does not exist)">Parvobestiola</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planitorostris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planitorostris (page does not exist)">Planitorostris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platypodosaurus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platypodosaurus (page does not exist)">Platypodosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Putillosaurus" title="Putillosaurus">Putillosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taognathus" title="Taognathus">Taognathus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paraphyly" title="Paraphyly">Paraphyletic groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cryptodontia" title="Cryptodontia">Cryptodontia</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dromasauria" title="Dromasauria">Dromasauria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Cistecephalus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2167943" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q2167943">Q2167943</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/4817648">4817648</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1034063">1034063</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=39069">39069</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cistecephalus&oldid=1241055002">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cistecephalus&oldid=1241055002</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Emydopoids" title="Category:Emydopoids">Emydopoids</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lopingian_synapsids_of_Africa" title="Category:Lopingian synapsids of Africa">Lopingian synapsids of Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fossil_taxa_described_in_1876" title="Category:Fossil taxa described in 1876">Fossil taxa described in 1876</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxa_named_by_Richard_Owen" title="Category:Taxa named by Richard Owen">Taxa named by Richard Owen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wuchiapingian_genus_first_appearances" title="Category:Wuchiapingian genus first appearances">Wuchiapingian genus first appearances</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wuchiapingian_genus_extinctions" title="Category:Wuchiapingian genus extinctions">Wuchiapingian genus extinctions</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 August 2024, at 02:00<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cistecephalus&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-4dtrt","wgBackendResponseTime":180,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.896","walltime":"1.154","ppvisitednodes":{"value":17555,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":245646,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":24438,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":95399,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":4,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1028.216 1 -total"," 45.62% 469.059 1 Template:Automatic_taxobox"," 25.05% 257.527 14 Template:Clade"," 13.97% 143.600 1 Template:Reflist"," 12.13% 124.703 1 Template:Fossilrange"," 11.40% 117.255 1 Template:Anomodontia"," 11.39% 117.065 1 Template:Phanerozoic_220px"," 11.07% 113.832 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups"," 9.83% 101.026 11 Template:Fossil_range/bar"," 8.89% 91.424 34 Template:Period_start"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.588","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8989373,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-7556f8b5dd-4q6px","timestamp":"20241124174817","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Cistecephalus","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cistecephalus","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2167943","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2167943","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-01-28T10:39:04Z","dateModified":"2024-08-19T02:00:49Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8e\/Cistecephalus_microrhinus_54.jpg","headline":"genus of mammals (fossil)"}</script> </body> </html>