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meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Bahasa+Proto-Jermanik" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Bahasa+Proto-Jermanik" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Bahasa+Proto-Jermanik" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Catatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bahasa Proto-Jermanik</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 47 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanische_Ursprache" title="Germanische Ursprache – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Germanische Ursprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الجرمانية البدائية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الجرمانية البدائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_protoxerm%C3%A1nicu" title="Idioma protoxermánicu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma protoxermánicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-German_dili" title="Proto-German dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Proto-German dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Прагерманская мова – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прагерманская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Протогермански език – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Протогермански език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentgermaneg" title="Kentgermaneg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kentgermaneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protogerm%C3%A0nic" title="Protogermànic – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Protogermànic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragerm%C3%A1n%C5%A1tina" title="Pragermánština – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pragermánština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urgermansk" title="Urgermansk – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Urgermansk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urgermanische_Sprache" title="Urgermanische Sprache – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Urgermanische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Proto-Germanic language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C4%9Dermana_lingvo" title="Praĝermana lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Praĝermana lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_protogerm%C3%A1nico" title="Idioma protogermánico – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma protogermánico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaani_algkeel" title="Germaani algkeel – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Germaani algkeel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aitzingermaniko" title="Aitzingermaniko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aitzingermaniko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%98%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان نیاژرمنی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان نیاژرمنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germaaninen_kantakieli" title="Germaaninen kantakieli – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Germaaninen kantakieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-germanique" title="Proto-germanique – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Proto-germanique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Germaansk" title="Proto-Germaansk – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Proto-Germaansk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_protoxerm%C3%A1nica" title="Lingua protoxermánica – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua protoxermánica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0_%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 – Gotik" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frumgermanska" title="Frumgermanska – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frumgermanska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_proto-germanica" title="Lingua proto-germanica – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua proto-germanica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E7%A5%96%E8%AA%9E" title="ゲルマン祖語 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゲルマン祖語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EB%A5%B4%EB%A7%8C%EC%A1%B0%EC%96%B4" title="게르만조어 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="게르만조어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Protogermanica" title="Lingua Protogermanica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Protogermanica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protogermanica" title="Protogermanica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Protogermanica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Germanich" title="Proto-Germanich – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Proto-Germanich" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%C5%B3_prokalb%C4%97" title="Germanų prokalbė – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Germanų prokalbė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oergermaans" title="Oergermaans – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Oergermaans" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oergermaans" title="Oergermaans – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oergermaans" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urgermansk" title="Urgermansk – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Urgermansk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urgermansk" title="Urgermansk – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Urgermansk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_pragerma%C5%84ski" title="Język pragermański – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język pragermański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_protogerm%C3%A2nica" title="Língua protogermânica – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua protogermânica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_protogermanic%C4%83" title="Limba protogermanică – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba protogermanică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Прагерманский язык – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Прагерманский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragerman%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Pragermanščina – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pragermanščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_proto-gjermanike" title="Gjuha proto-gjermanike – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha proto-gjermanike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urgermanska" title="Urgermanska – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Urgermanska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto_Cermen_dili" title="Proto Cermen dili – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Proto Cermen dili" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Прагерманська мова – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Прагерманська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%AE_v%C3%AE_t%C3%AExhon" title="Vî vî tîxhon – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Vî vî tîxhon" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oergermaons" title="Oergermaons – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Oergermaons" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="原始日耳曼語 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="原始日耳曼語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="原始日耳曼語言 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="原始日耳曼語言" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q669623#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Bahasa+Proto-Jermanik"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bahasa_Proto-Jermanik&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Proto-Jermanik&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Proto-Germanic_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q669623" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><p><b>Proto-Jermanik</b>, juga disebut <b>Jermanik Umum</b> atau <b>Ur-Jermanik</b>, adalah <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_proto" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa proto">bahasa proto</a> <a href="/wiki/Rekonstruksi_linguistik" title="Rekonstruksi linguistik">yang direkonstruksi</a> dari seluruh <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Jermanik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Jermanik">bahasa Jermanik</a>, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proto-Jermanik sendiri adalah turunan dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Indo-Eropa" title="Bahasa Proto-Indo-Eropa">bahasa Proto-Indo-Eropa</a> (PIE). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan">Catatan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Proto-Jermanik&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Proto-Jermanik&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sumber lainnya mengatakan bahwa nama umum yang digunakan dalam sastra bahasa Inggris oleh sarjana-sarjana terkenal adalah <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Orangtua_Jermanik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Orangtua Jermanik (halaman belum tersedia)">Bahasa Orangtua Jermanik</a> (Primitif)</b>. Contohnya, lihat <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bloomfield" title="Leonard Bloomfield">Bloomfield, Leonard</a> (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/language00bloo_196"><i>Language</i></a>. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/language00bloo_196/page/298">298</a>–299. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0226060675" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-226-06067-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language&rft.place=Chicago+and+London&rft.pages=298-299&rft.pub=The+University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Bloomfield&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flanguage00bloo_196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Proto-Jermanik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Proto-Jermanik&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Proto-Jermanik&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Bennett, William Holmes (1980). <i>An Introduction to the Gothic Language</i>. New York: Modern Language Association of America.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Gothic+Language&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Modern+Language+Association+of+America&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=William+Holmes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Proto-Jermanik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Campbell, A. (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oldenglishgramma00camp"><i>Old English Grammar</i></a>. London: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+English+Grammar&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foldenglishgramma00camp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Proto-Jermanik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCercignani1972" class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/Fausto_Cercignani" title="Fausto Cercignani">Cercignani, Fausto</a> (1972). "Indo-European ē in Germanic". <i>Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung</i>. <b>86</b> (1): 104–110.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+vergleichende+Sprachforschung&rft.atitle=Indo-European+%C4%93+in+Germanic&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=104-110&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Cercignani&rft.aufirst=Fausto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Proto-Jermanik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCercignani1973" class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/Fausto_Cercignani" title="Fausto Cercignani">Cercignani, Fausto</a> (1973). "Indo-European eu in Germanic". <i>Indogermanische Forschungen</i>. <b>78</b>: 106–112.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indogermanische+Forschungen&rft.atitle=Indo-European+eu+in+Germanic&rft.volume=78&rft.pages=106-112&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Cercignani&rft.aufirst=Fausto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Proto-Jermanik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFCercignani1979" class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/Fausto_Cercignani" title="Fausto Cercignani">Cercignani, Fausto</a> (1979). "Proto-Germanic */i/ and */e/ Revisited". <i>Journal of English and Germanic Philology</i>. <b>78</b> (1): 72–82.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+English+and+Germanic+Philology&rft.atitle=Proto-Germanic+%2A%2Fi%2F+and+%2A%2Fe%2F+Revisited&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=72-82&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Cercignani&rft.aufirst=Fausto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Proto-Jermanik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Krahe, Hans and Meid, Wolfgang. <i>Germanische Sprachwissenschaft</i>, 2 vols., de Gruyter, Berlin (1969).</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOrel2003" class="citation book">Orel, Vladimir (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/Orel-AHandbookOfGermanicEtymology"><i>A Handbook of Germanic Etymology</i></a>. Leiden; Boston; Internet: Brill; Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Handbook+of+Germanic+Etymology&rft.place=Leiden%3B+Boston%3B+Internet&rft.pub=Brill%3B+Internet+Archive&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Orel&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fdetails%2FOrel-AHandbookOfGermanicEtymology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Proto-Jermanik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Plotkin, Vulf (2008). <i>The Evolution of Germanic Phonological Systems: Proto-Germanic, Gothic, West Germanic, and Scandinavian</i>. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Evolution+of+Germanic+Phonological+Systems%3A+Proto-Germanic%2C+Gothic%2C+West+Germanic%2C+and+Scandinavian&rft.place=Lewiston&rft.pub=Edwin+Mellen&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Plotkin&rft.aufirst=Vulf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Proto-Jermanik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Ramat, Anna Giacalone and Paolo Ramat (Eds.) (1998). <i>The Indo-European Languages</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/041506449X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-415-06449-X</a>.</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRinge2006" class="citation book">Ringe, Donald A. (2006). <i>From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic</i>. Linguistic history of English, v. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-19-955229-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-19-955229-0">0-19-955229-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Proto-Indo-European+to+Proto-Germanic&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=Linguistic+history+of+English%2C+v.+1&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-19-955229-0&rft.aulast=Ringe&rft.aufirst=Donald+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Proto-Jermanik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Voyles, Joseph B. (1992). <i>Early Germanic Grammar</i>. San Diego: Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-12-728270-X" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-12-728270-X">0-12-728270-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Germanic+Grammar&rft.place=San+Diego&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-12-728270-X&rft.aulast=Voyles&rft.aufirst=Joseph+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Proto-Jermanik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Guus, Kroonen (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brill.nl/default.aspx?partid=227&pid=24855"><i>Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic</i></a>. Leiden <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indo-European_Etymological_Dictionary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indo-European Etymological Dictionary (halaman belum tersedia)">Indo-European Etymological Dictionary</a> Series, 11. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Academic Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-18340-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-04-18340-7">978-90-04-18340-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Etymological+Dictionary+of+Proto-Germanic&rft.series=Leiden+Indo-European+Etymological+Dictionary+Series%2C+11&rft.pub=Brill+Academic+Publishers&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-90-04-18340-7&rft.aulast=Guus&rft.aufirst=Kroonen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brill.nl%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fpartid%3D227%26pid%3D24855&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Proto-Jermanik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Proto-Jermanik&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Proto-Jermanik&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/books/pgmc00.html">W.P. Lehmann & J. Slocum (eds.) <i>A Grammar of Proto-Germanic</i> (Online version)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071108232818/http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/books/pgmc00.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2007-11-08 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iki.fi/jschalin/?cat=4">Proto-Germanic nominal and pronominal paradigms</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/texts/pgmc_torp_about.html">A dictionary of Proto-Germanic (in German)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/Orel-AHandbookOfGermanicEtymology">Another dictionary of Proto-Germanic</a></li> <li>Charles Prescott. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.users.waitrose.com/~candfprescott/ruki.pdf">"Germanic and the Ruki Dialects"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kotisivu.lumonetti.fi/js749/ia-stems.htm">Table</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720190423/http://kotisivu.lumonetti.fi/js749/ia-stems.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-07-20 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.: Germanic & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-Indo-European&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-Indo-European (halaman belum tersedia)">PIE</a> <i>-ia</i> and <i>-ja</i> stems compared across reference sources</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Baltik" title="Rumpun bahasa Baltik">Baltik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Slavia" title="Rumpun bahasa Slavia">Slavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Kelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Kelt">Kelt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Kelt_Kepulauan" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Kelt Kepulauan">Kelt Kepulauan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Kelt_Benua" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Kelt Benua">Kelt Benua</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Jermanik" title="Rumpun bahasa 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Indo-Iran" title="Rumpun bahasa Indo-Iran">Indo-Iran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Indo-Arya" title="Rumpun bahasa Indo-Arya">Indo-Arya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Iran" title="Rumpun bahasa Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Nuristan" title="Rumpun bahasa Nuristan">Nuristan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Italik" title="Rumpun bahasa Italik">Italik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Latin-Faliski" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Latin-Faliski">Latin-Faliski</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Oska-Umbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Oska-Umbria">Oska-Umbria</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Tokharia" title="Bahasa Tokharia">Tokharia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Tokharia A</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Kucha" title="Bahasa Kucha">Tokharia B</a></i></li> <li><i>Tokharia C</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Anatolia" title="Rumpun bahasa Anatolia">Anatolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Het" title="Bahasa Het">Het</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Pala" title="Bahasa Pala">Pala</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Lidia" title="Bahasa Lidia">Lidia</a></i></li> <li><i>Luwik</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Luwia" title="Bahasa Luwia">Luwia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Likia" title="Bahasa Likia">Likia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Milya" title="Bahasa Milya">Milya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Karia" title="Bahasa Karia">Karia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Side" title="Bahasa Side">Side</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Pisidia" title="Bahasa Pisidia">Pisidia</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>tidak terklasifikasi</i>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Belgia_Kuno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Belgia Kuno (halaman belum tersedia)">Belgia Kuno</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Dacia" title="Bahasa Dacia">Dacia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Elimia" title="Bahasa Elimia">Elimia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Frigia" title="Bahasa Frigia">Frigia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Iliria" title="Bahasa Iliria">Iliria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Isauria" title="Bahasa Isauria">Isauria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Liburnia" title="Bahasa Liburnia">Liburnia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Lusitania" title="Bahasa Lusitania">Lusitania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Messapia" title="Bahasa Messapia">Messapia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Misia" title="Bahasa Misia">Misia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Paeonia" title="Bahasa Paeonia">Paeonia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sikeloi" title="Bahasa Sikeloi">Sikeloi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Trakia" title="Bahasa Trakia">Trakia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Venetia" title="Bahasa Venetia">Venetia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_purba" title="Bahasa purba"><i>bahasa proto</i></a>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Indo-Eropa" title="Bahasa Proto-Indo-Eropa">Proto-Indo-Eropa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Albania" title="Bahasa Proto-Albania">Proto-Albania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Armenia" title="Bahasa Proto-Armenia">Proto-Armenia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Balto-Slavia" title="Bahasa Proto-Balto-Slavia">Proto-Balto-Slavia</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Slavia" title="Bahasa Proto-Slavia">Proto-Slavia</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Kelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Proto-Kelt">Proto-Kelt</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Proto-Jermanik</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Nordik" title="Bahasa Proto-Nordik">Proto-Nordik</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Helenik" title="Bahasa Proto-Helenik">Proto-Helenik</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Indo-Iran" title="Bahasa Proto-Indo-Iran">Proto-Indo-Iran</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Indo-Arya" title="Bahasa Proto-Indo-Arya">Proto-Indo-Arya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Iran" title="Bahasa Proto-Iran">Proto-Iran</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Italik" title="Bahasa Proto-Italik">Proto-Italik</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Proto-Roman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Proto-Roman (halaman belum tersedia)">Proto-Roman</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Tokharia" title="Bahasa Proto-Tokharia">Proto-Tokharia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Anatolia" title="Bahasa Proto-Anatolia">Proto-Anatolia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Huruf miring</i> menunjukkan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_mati" title="Bahasa mati">bahasa mati atau punah</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Proto-Jermanik&oldid=25961225">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Proto-Jermanik&oldid=25961225</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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