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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input 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<input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="جيش بلاد العرب الحرة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيش بلاد العرب الحرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legion_Freies_Arabien" title="Legion Freies Arabien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Legion Freies Arabien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%8D%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B7_%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%9B%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%B5%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Ελεύθερη Αραβική Λεγεώνα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελεύθερη Αραβική Λεγεώνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legi%C3%B3n_%C3%81rabe_Libre" title="Legión Árabe Libre – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Legión Árabe Libre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="لژیون آزاد عربی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لژیون آزاد عربی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_arabe_libre" title="Légion arabe libre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Légion arabe libre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%9D%BC%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EA%B5%B0%EB%8B%A8" title="아라비아 자유군단 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아라비아 자유군단" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legiun_Arab_Merdeka" title="Legiun Arab Merdeka – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Legiun Arab Merdeka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legione_araba_libera" title="Legione araba libera – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Legione araba libera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A9%D7%99" title="הלגיון הערבי החופשי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הלגיון הערבי החופשי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szabad_Ar%C3%A1bia_L%C3%A9gi%C3%B3" title="Szabad Arábia Légió – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szabad Arábia Légió" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochotniczy_Legion_Arabski" title="Ochotniczy Legion Arabski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ochotniczy Legion Arabski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legi%C3%A3o_%C3%81rabe_Livre" title="Legião Árabe Livre – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Legião Árabe Livre" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Свободная Аравия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Свободная Аравия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">WWII German military unit</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Free Arabian Legion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Free_Arabian_Legion_SSI.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Free_Arabian_Legion_SSI.svg/150px-Free_Arabian_Legion_SSI.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Free_Arabian_Legion_SSI.svg/225px-Free_Arabian_Legion_SSI.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Free_Arabian_Legion_SSI.svg/300px-Free_Arabian_Legion_SSI.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="281" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Free Arabian Legion Insignia</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1941–1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/German_Army_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="German Army (Wehrmacht)">Wehrmacht</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunisia Campaign">Tunisia Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Resistance">Partisan War in Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Partisan War in Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b>Free Arabian Legion</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Legion Freies Arabien</i>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جيش بلاد العرب الحرة</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><i>Jaysh bilād al-ʿarab al-ḥurraẗ</i></i></span>) was the collective name of several <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi German</a> units formed from Arab volunteers from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, notably <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Iraq</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Arabian_Legion&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Operational history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Arabian_Legion&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the beginning of April 1941, Iraqi politician <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ali_al-Gaylani" title="Rashid Ali al-Gaylani">Rashid Ali al-Gaylani</a>, along with several more Iraqi officers who were part of the nationalist group <a href="/wiki/Golden_Square_(Iraq)" title="Golden Square (Iraq)">Golden Square</a>, overthrew the pro-British regime in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Kingdom of Iraq</a>. The new pro-Nazi government sought German and Italian support for an Iraqi revolt against <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> forces in the country. Contact was established with the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> with the help of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Mufti_of_Jerusalem" title="Grand Mufti of Jerusalem">Grand Mufti of Jerusalem</a> <a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini" title="Amin al-Husseini">Amin al-Husseini</a>, who had been living in Iraq since he had fled imprisonment from <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a> shortly before the war.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1941, the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Anglo-Iraqi War</a> began with British forces entering Iraq. <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> had agreed to send <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> squadrons to support Iraq as well as <i><a href="/wiki/Special_Staff_F" title="Special Staff F">Sonderstab F</a></i>, a special mission headed by <a href="/wiki/Hellmuth_Felmy" title="Hellmuth Felmy">Hellmuth Felmy</a> that intended to support the revolt and raise a German-led Arab brigade. </p><p>By the end of May, the Iraqi forces had been beaten by the British, and al-Husseini and al-Gaylani fled to Iran and then Italy, and later Germany. After the defeat, a number of Arab sympathizers were shipped out of the Middle East through <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Syrian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandatory Syrian Republic">French Syria</a> and ended up in <a href="/wiki/Sounion" title="Sounion">Cape Sounion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Axis_occupation_of_Greece" title="Axis occupation of Greece">Greece</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-G._Williamson_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G._Williamson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:234px;max-width:234px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:232px;max-width:232px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-04,_Griechenland,_Soldat_der_Legion_%22Freies_Arabien%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-04%2C_Griechenland%2C_Soldat_der_Legion_%22Freies_Arabien%22.jpg/230px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-04%2C_Griechenland%2C_Soldat_der_Legion_%22Freies_Arabien%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="359" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-04%2C_Griechenland%2C_Soldat_der_Legion_%22Freies_Arabien%22.jpg/345px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-04%2C_Griechenland%2C_Soldat_der_Legion_%22Freies_Arabien%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-04%2C_Griechenland%2C_Soldat_der_Legion_%22Freies_Arabien%22.jpg/460px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-04%2C_Griechenland%2C_Soldat_der_Legion_%22Freies_Arabien%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="796" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A soldier from the Free Arabian Legion in German-occupied Greece in September 1943.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:232px;max-width:232px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-561-1148-04,_Ausbildung_arabischer_Luftwaffensoldaten.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-561-1148-04%2C_Ausbildung_arabischer_Luftwaffensoldaten.jpg/230px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-561-1148-04%2C_Ausbildung_arabischer_Luftwaffensoldaten.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-561-1148-04%2C_Ausbildung_arabischer_Luftwaffensoldaten.jpg/345px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-561-1148-04%2C_Ausbildung_arabischer_Luftwaffensoldaten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-561-1148-04%2C_Ausbildung_arabischer_Luftwaffensoldaten.jpg/460px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-561-1148-04%2C_Ausbildung_arabischer_Luftwaffensoldaten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Training of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonderverband_287&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonderverband 287 (page does not exist)">Sonderverband 287</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonderverband_287" class="extiw" title="de:Sonderverband 287">de</a>]</span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:232px;max-width:232px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-16,_Griechenland,_Soldaten_der_%22Legion_Freies_Arabien%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-16%2C_Griechenland%2C_Soldaten_der_%22Legion_Freies_Arabien%22.jpg/230px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-16%2C_Griechenland%2C_Soldaten_der_%22Legion_Freies_Arabien%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-16%2C_Griechenland%2C_Soldaten_der_%22Legion_Freies_Arabien%22.jpg/345px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-16%2C_Griechenland%2C_Soldaten_der_%22Legion_Freies_Arabien%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-16%2C_Griechenland%2C_Soldaten_der_%22Legion_Freies_Arabien%22.jpg/460px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-16%2C_Griechenland%2C_Soldaten_der_%22Legion_Freies_Arabien%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A black soldier of the Free Arabian Legion in Greece</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:232px;max-width:232px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-31,_Griechenland,_Soldaten_der_%22Legion_Freies_Arabien%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-31%2C_Griechenland%2C_Soldaten_der_%22Legion_Freies_Arabien%22.jpg/230px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-31%2C_Griechenland%2C_Soldaten_der_%22Legion_Freies_Arabien%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-31%2C_Griechenland%2C_Soldaten_der_%22Legion_Freies_Arabien%22.jpg/345px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-31%2C_Griechenland%2C_Soldaten_der_%22Legion_Freies_Arabien%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-31%2C_Griechenland%2C_Soldaten_der_%22Legion_Freies_Arabien%22.jpg/460px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-31%2C_Griechenland%2C_Soldaten_der_%22Legion_Freies_Arabien%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="504" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Soldiers of the Free Arabian Legion distributing hand grenades in Greece. Note the original Sonderverband 287 arm-patch on the German NCO.</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Units">Units</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Arabian_Legion&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hellmuth_Felmy" title="Hellmuth Felmy">Hellmuth Felmy</a> had by June been given command of <i>Army Group Southern Greece</i> and was to continue the raising of the German-Arab units through <i>Sonderstab F</i>, which had now been expanded and "should be the central field office for all issues of the Arab world which affect the Wehrmacht."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, the two units <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonderverband_287&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonderverband 287 (page does not exist)">Sonderverband 287</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonderverband_287" class="extiw" title="de:Sonderverband 287">de</a>]</span> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonderverband_288&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonderverband 288 (page does not exist)">Sonderverband 288</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonderverband_288" class="extiw" title="de:Sonderverband 288">de</a>]</span> were created. Sonderverband 288 contained only a small proportion of Arab soldiers. However, the term <i>Free Arabian Legion</i> was not the name of any specific unit, but an all-encompassing name for all Arabic units in the German Army.<sup id="cite_ref-Rolf_Stoves_1986_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rolf_Stoves_1986-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-C._Caballero_Jurado_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C._Caballero_Jurado-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sonderverband_287">Sonderverband 287</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Arabian_Legion&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sonderverband 287"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonderverband_287&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonderverband 287 (page does not exist)">Sonderverband 287</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonderverband_287" class="extiw" title="de:Sonderverband 287">de</a>]</span> was formed on 4 August 1942, with much help from <a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini" title="Amin al-Husseini">Amin al-Husseini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ali_al-Gaylani" title="Rashid Ali al-Gaylani">Rashid Ali al-Gaylani</a> and consisted of mostly of Iraqi and Syrian Muslims, bolstered by former <a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoners of war">prisoners of war</a> and other volunteers.<sup id="cite_ref-R._Kaltenegger_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R._Kaltenegger-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 3rd battalion of Sonderverband 287 was taken from the unit and sent as the <i>Deutsche-Arabische Lehr-Abteilung</i> to the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> in September 1942. It was part of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Caucasus" title="Battle of the Caucasus">Axis offensive</a> into the region and the German plan to seat the Iraqi <a href="/wiki/Government-in-exile" title="Government-in-exile">government-in-exile</a> there. It was then to use the region as a springboard for conquering Iraq. The plan never came to be and the unit never saw action following <a href="/wiki/Operation_Little_Saturn" title="Operation Little Saturn">heavy German setbacks</a> in late 1942. The unit was sent to the <a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunisian Campaign">battle in Tunisia</a> via Italy in January 1943. There, the <i>Deutsche-Arabische Lehr-Abteilung</i> was placed on the southern flank of the <a href="/wiki/Panzer_Army_Africa" title="Panzer Army Africa">Axis army</a> and was used to recruit more local Arabs who formed a second battalion of auxiliaries, which were used for guard duty and as construction troops. The whole unit was captured along with the rest of all Axis forces in Africa in May 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-N._Thomas_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N._Thomas-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The remaining soldiers of the 3rd battalion, i.e. the <i>Deutsche-Arabische Lehr-Abteilung</i>, who had not been sent to North Africa, were used, together with Muslims from French North Africa, to form the <i>German-Arab Battalion 845</i> in the summer of 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-C._Caballero_Jurado_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C._Caballero_Jurado-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It served in the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a> region of Greece as part of the <a href="/wiki/41st_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="41st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">41st Fortress Division</a> from November 1943. It participated in the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Resistance">Greek partisan war</a>, particularly against <a href="/wiki/Greek_People%27s_Liberation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek People's Liberation Army">ELAS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-N._Thomas_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N._Thomas-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-G._Williamson_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G._Williamson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1944, it was withdrawn from Greece to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, and in early 1945 was strengthened with the addition of Arabs from a battalion of Arab volunteers that was disbanded before it was fully formed. It ended the war near <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/104th_J%C3%A4ger_Division_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="104th Jäger Division (Wehrmacht)">104th Jäger Division</a>. </p><p>The 1st and 2nd battalions of the Free Arabian Legion which had not been part of the <i>Deutsche-Arabische Lehr-Abteilung</i> were used to replace losses and rebuild <i>Grenadier Regiment 92</i> together with a light battery and light pioneer company on 2 May 1943, which was then renamed <i>Grenadier Regiment 92 (MOT)</i> on 5 June 1944. The regiment moved to Yugoslavia to fight against <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Titos</a> <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">National Liberation Army</a> and was part of <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_F" title="Army Group F">Army Group F</a>. The regiment suffered heavy losses in the <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgrade Offensive">fighting near Belgrade</a> in October 1944, and what remained of it became part of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Panzer_Army" title="2nd Panzer Army">2nd Panzer Army</a>, where it was rebuilt into <i>Panzergrenadier Brigade 92</i> in January 1945. The whole army capitulated in disarray in <a href="/wiki/Austria_under_National_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Austria under National Socialism">Austria</a> in May 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-Rolf_Stoves_1986_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rolf_Stoves_1986-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sonderverband_288">Sonderverband 288</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Arabian_Legion&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sonderverband 288"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonderverband_288&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonderverband 288 (page does not exist)">Sonderverband 288</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonderverband_288" class="extiw" title="de:Sonderverband 288">de</a>]</span> consisted mostly of Germans but with a cadre of Arab translators and a mobile printing company that could produce Arabic-language leaflets as well as a squad for the operation of oil production facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-R._Kaltenegger_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R._Kaltenegger-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By January 1942, the whole unit was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Italian_Libya" title="Italian Libya">Libya</a> to defend against British forces in the <a href="/wiki/North_Africa_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="North Africa Campaign">North Africa Campaign</a>. The unit was planned to eventually be used in an invasion of the Middle East via <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egypt</a>, but this never came to be. After several months of fighting, the unit was renamed <i>Panzer-Grenadier-Regiment Afrika</i>, and was eventually captured by <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">American</a> forces following the capitulation of all Axis forces in North Africa in May 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Arabian_Legion&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Legion" title="Azerbaijani Legion">Azerbaijani Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Legion" title="Indian Legion">Free Indian Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relations_between_Nazi_Germany_and_the_Arab_world" title="Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world">Relations between Nazi Germany and the Arab world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts" title="Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts">Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts</a> and related articles, especially under <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini#Recruitment" title="Amin al-Husseini">Amin al-Husseini#Recruitment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_Waffen_Mountain_Division_of_the_SS_Handschar_(1st_Croatian)" title="13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian)">13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Handschar (1st Croatian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Waffen_Mountain_Division_of_the_SS_Kama_(2nd_Croatian)" title="23rd Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Kama (2nd Croatian)">23rd Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Kama (2nd Croatian)</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Arabian_Legion&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Churchill, Winston (1985) [1950]. "14: The Revolt in Iraq". The Grand Alliance. The Second World War. III. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-41057-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-41057-6">0-395-41057-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G._Williamson-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-G._Williamson_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-G._Williamson_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamson1991" class="citation book cs1">Williamson, Gordon (1991). <i>Afrikakorps 1941-43</i>. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-130-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-130-0"><bdi>1-85532-130-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Afrikakorps+1941-43&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=1-85532-130-0&rft.aulast=Williamson&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+Arabian+Legion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zitiert nach Walther Hubatsch (Hrsg.): <i>Hitlers Weisungen für die Kriegführung 1939–1945. Dokumente des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht.</i> Bernard & Graefe, Frankfurt a. M. 1962</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rolf_Stoves_1986-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rolf_Stoves_1986_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rolf_Stoves_1986_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rolf Stoves: <i>Die gepanzerten und motorisierten deutschen Großverbände.</i> Podzun-Pallas-Verlag, Friedberg 1986. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7909-0279-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-7909-0279-9">3-7909-0279-9</a>. Seiten 288–289.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C._Caballero_Jurado-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C._Caballero_Jurado_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C._Caballero_Jurado_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJurado1983" class="citation book cs1">Jurado, Carlos Caballero (1983). <i>Foreign Volunteers of the Wehrmacht 1941-45</i>. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85045-524-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-85045-524-3"><bdi>0-85045-524-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foreign+Volunteers+of+the+Wehrmacht+1941-45&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-85045-524-3&rft.aulast=Jurado&rft.aufirst=Carlos+Caballero&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+Arabian+Legion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R._Kaltenegger-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-R._Kaltenegger_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-R._Kaltenegger_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roland Kaltenegger: <i>Die deutsche Gebirgstruppe 1935–1945.</i> Weltbild Verlag, Augsburg 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8289-0351-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-8289-0351-7">3-8289-0351-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N._Thomas-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-N._Thomas_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-N._Thomas_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1998" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Nigel (1998). <i>The German Army 1939-45 (2) North Africa & Balkans</i>. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-640-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-640-X"><bdi>1-85532-640-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+German+Army+1939-45+%282%29+North+Africa+%26+Balkans&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-85532-640-X&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+Arabian+Legion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gregory Douglas - Sonderverband 287 & 288 (in The Military Advisor, Vol 4, No 3)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Arabian_Legion&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKehoeGreenhalgh2017" class="citation journal cs1">Kehoe, Thomas J.; Greenhalgh, Elizabeth M. (November 2017). "Living Propaganda and Self-Serving Recruitment: The Nazi Rationale for the German-Arab Training Unit, May 1941 to May 1943". <i>War in History</i>. <b>24</b> (4): 520–543. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0968344516641457">10.1177/0968344516641457</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159514420">159514420</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=War+in+History&rft.atitle=Living+Propaganda+and+Self-Serving+Recruitment%3A+The+Nazi+Rationale+for+the+German-Arab+Training+Unit%2C+May+1941+to+May+1943&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=520-543&rft.date=2017-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0968344516641457&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159514420%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kehoe&rft.aufirst=Thomas+J.&rft.au=Greenhalgh%2C+Elizabeth+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFree+Arabian+Legion" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Arabian_Legion&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Legion_%22Freies_Arabien%22" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Legion "Freies Arabien"">Legion "Freies Arabien"</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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