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#a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Well-formed_element" title="Special:EditPage/Well-formed element">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Well-formed+element%22">"Well-formed element"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Well-formed+element%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Well-formed+element%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Well-formed+element%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Well-formed+element%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Well-formed+element%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Web_page_design" class="mw-redirect" title="Web page design">web page design</a>, and generally for all <a href="/wiki/Markup_language" title="Markup language">markup languages</a> such as <a href="/wiki/SGML" class="mw-redirect" title="SGML">SGML</a>, <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>, and <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>, a <b>well-formed element</b> is one that is either a) opened and subsequently closed, or b) an empty element, which in that case must be terminated; and in either case which is properly <a href="/wiki/Nesting_(computing)" title="Nesting (computing)">nested</a> so that it does not <a href="/wiki/Overlapping_markup" title="Overlapping markup">overlap</a> with other elements. </p><p>For example, in HTML: <code><b>word</b></code> is a well-formed element, while <span class="nowrap"><code><i><b>word</i></code></span> is not, since the bold element <code class="nowrap" style=""><b></code> is not closed. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a>, and XML, empty elements (elements that inherently have no content) are terminated by putting a slash at the end of the "opening" (only) tag, e.g. <span class="nowrap"><code class="nowrap" style=""><img /></code>,</span> <span class="nowrap"><code class="nowrap" style=""><br /></code>,</span> <span class="nowrap"><code class="nowrap" style=""><hr /></code>,</span> etc. In HTML 4.01 and earlier, no slash is added to terminate the element. <a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a> does not require one, but it is often added for compatibility with XHTML and XML processing. </p><p>In a well-formed document, </p> <ul><li>all elements are well-formed, and</li> <li>a single element, known as the <a href="/wiki/Root_element" title="Root element">root element</a>, contains all of the other elements in the document.</li></ul> <p>For example, the code below is not well-formed HTML, because the <code><a href="/wiki/Html_element#General_phrase_elements" class="mw-redirect" title="Html element">em</a></code> and <code><a href="/wiki/Html_element#General_phrase_elements" class="mw-redirect" title="Html element">strong</a></code> elements overlap: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cm"></span> <span class="nt"><p></span>Normal<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><em></span>emphasized<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><strong></span>strong<span class="w"> </span>emphasized<span class="nt"></em></span><span class="w"> </span>strong<span class="nt"></strong></p></span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cm"></span> <span class="nt"><p></span>Normal<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><em></span>emphasized<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><strong></span>strong<span class="w"> </span>emphasized<span class="nt"></strong></em></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><strong></span>strong<span class="nt"></strong></p></span> <span class="nt"><p></span>Alternatively<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><em></span>emphasized<span class="nt"></em></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><strong><em></span>strong<span class="w"> </span>emphasized<span class="nt"></em></span><span class="w"> </span>strong<span class="nt"></strong></p></span> </pre></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>, the phrase <i><a href="/wiki/Well-formed_document" title="Well-formed document">well-formed document</a></i> is often used to describe a text that follows all the syntactic rules as well-formedness rules in the XML specification: strictly speaking the phrase is tautological, since a text that does not follow these rules is not an XML document. 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