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<!doctype html><html lang="en" class="js-disabled"><head><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1"/><title>Our World in Data</title><meta name="description" content="Research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://ourworldindata.org"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="/atom.xml" title="Atom feed for Our World in Data"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"/><link rel="preload" href="/fonts/LatoLatin-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"/><meta property="fb:app_id" content="1149943818390250"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://ourworldindata.org"/><meta property="og:title" content="Our World in Data"/><meta property="og:description" content="Research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@OurWorldInData"/><meta name="twitter:creator" content="@OurWorldInData"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="Research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png"/><link rel="modulepreload" href="/assets/owid.mjs"/><link rel="preload" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/polyfill/v3/polyfill.min.js?version=4.8.0&features=es2021,es2022,es2023,IntersectionObserver,IntersectionObserverEntry" as="script" data-cloudflare-disable-early-hints="true"/><link rel="preload" href="/assets/owid.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/owid.css"/><meta name="citation_title" content="OWID Homepage"/><meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://ourworldindata.org"/><meta name="citation_fulltext_world_readable" content=""/><meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/02/28"/><meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Our World in Data"/><meta name="citation_author" content="Our World in Data"/><script>window._OWID_GDOC_PROPS = {"slug":"owid-homepage","published":true,"createdAt":"2024-02-22T21:04:05.000Z","publishedAt":"2024-02-28T15:02:00.000Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-17T08:28:51.000Z","revisionId":"ALBJ4LsWmyOb069qB-5yrQ2Nvrt6-6O6yS0YlDDbDn9WOwHoazuXbWHZImNbTaGaF6nOjfaGDaNKK0dkRPE3sg","markdown":"### Popular pages\n* [COVID-19 Data Explorer](https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/coronavirus-data-explorer)\n* [CO₂ & Greenhouse Gas Emissions](https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions)\n* [Child and Infant Mortality](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1h37-KpdZ3qAJ9xSA4OhbmGfmLr3Ydc_z9oHtDTszBuQ/edit)\n* [Artificial Intelligence](https://docs.google.com/document/d/11t6XP9vKLDHeiDOcfaPOoc4TeQxHRixSjEikAlbGe0A/edit)\n* [Energy](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GRYE-mYiSEnes8rXjK6dCNi4KULLJB8KW03AOPci-b8/edit)\n* [Poverty](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UjJLoGF5VMfn8U4C3ZSJQrPhc_jFRkeEhrhz5Ksfq7M/edit)\n* [Global Education](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FbKVWqPddBZy0NcHzDG-BSoCsN5tJnok3RXcLo6R9ls/edit)\n\n\n\n- [Browse our Data Insights(https://ourworldindata.org/data-insights)]\n\n<KeyIndicatorCollection>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?time=earliest..latest\" title=\"What share of children die before their fifth birthday?\" source=\"Long-run estimates combining data from UN & Gapminder\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty\" title=\"What share of the population is living in extreme poverty?\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy\" title=\"How has people’s life expectancy changed over time?\" source=\"Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN\" title=\"How have CO₂ emissions per capita changed?\" source=\"Long-run estimates from the Global Carbon Budget\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison\" title=\"How do average incomes compare between countries around the world?\" source=\"Long-run estimates from the Maddison Project Database\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment\" title=\"What share of the population is suffering from hunger?\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA\" title=\"When has literacy become a widespread skill?\" source=\"Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data\"/>\n<KeyIndicator datapageUrl=\"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest\" title=\"Where do people lack access to even the most basic electricity supply?\"/>\n</KeyIndicatorCollection>","publicationContext":"unlisted","breadcrumbs":null,"manualBreadcrumbs":null,"tags":[],"errors":[{"property":"linkedAuthors","message":"Author \"Our World in Data\" does not exist or is not published","type":"warning"}],"donors":[],"imageMetadata":{"Food-GHG-emissions-thumbnail.png":{"id":2955,"filename":"Food-GHG-emissions-thumbnail.png","defaultAlt":null,"updatedAt":1739777661544,"originalWidth":1200,"originalHeight":630,"cloudflareId":"4856b7da-8b2a-4218-7a2f-e18304c85200"},"fossil-fuel-subsidies-featured.png":{"id":2779,"filename":"fossil-fuel-subsidies-featured.png","defaultAlt":"A rectangular table with two rows and five columns. The first row contains colored blocks, starting from the left with a deep purple block, followed by a light purple, a pale lavender, and two shades of peach. The second row mirrors the first, repeating the same arrangement of colors.","updatedAt":1737625317850,"originalWidth":2400,"originalHeight":1260,"cloudflareId":"58092c37-e5b8-42af-8d79-60234c162400"},"maternal-deaths-scenario-featured.png":{"id":2781,"filename":"maternal-deaths-scenario-featured.png","defaultAlt":"Featured image","updatedAt":1737712327813,"originalWidth":2400,"originalHeight":1260,"cloudflareId":"1a2ccaa1-7f25-4250-6151-acd5affb0400"},"reducing-air-pollution-featured.png":{"id":2934,"filename":"reducing-air-pollution-featured.png","defaultAlt":"Featured image","updatedAt":1739463400326,"originalWidth":2400,"originalHeight":1260,"cloudflareId":"2634177d-6b60-4df5-3152-c38263399f00"},"thumbnail_max_kuleuven.png":{"id":2872,"filename":"thumbnail_max_kuleuven.png","defaultAlt":"A photo of Max Roser and others marching through town as part of the ceremony for receiving an honorary doctorate from KU Leuven and UCLouvain in Belgium. The photo is copyright KU Leuven - Rob Stevens.","updatedAt":1739177772940,"originalWidth":4800,"originalHeight":2520,"cloudflareId":"679eea1d-ea22-4824-cccd-6b2044447a00"},"days_per_gw_solar_v1.png":{"id":2862,"filename":"days_per_gw_solar_v1.png","defaultAlt":"A line graph depicting the average number of days it took to install a gigawatt of solar energy capacity worldwide from 2001 to 2023. The vertical axis represents the number of days on a logarithmic scale, spanning from 1 to 1000 days. The horizontal axis indicates the years from 2001 to 2023. \n\nIn 2004, the average time was about 1 year, which is marked on the graph. A downward trend shows significant decreases in installation time over the years. By 2010, it took under 30 days, and by 2015, just over 7 days. The most notable point is in 2023, where it dropped to about 1 day on average for installation. \n\nThe data source is attributed to IRENA (2024), with calculation by Our World in Data, and the chart is identified as CC BY, indicating it is licensed for sharing and adaptation with appropriate credit.","updatedAt":1738849122138,"originalWidth":2160,"originalHeight":2160,"cloudflareId":"642fbf54-068e-44e3-196f-9020bc7b9d00"},"factory-farms-us-mobile.png":{"id":2938,"filename":"factory-farms-us-mobile.png","defaultAlt":"An infographic titled \"Most livestock in the United States are factory-farmed.\" It lists the percentages and numbers of animals raised in factory farms, defined by the EPA as operations with intensive feeding for over 45 days. Chickens: 99.96%, 9.2 billion; Turkeys: 99.8%, 260 million; Farmed fish: 100%, 530 million; Cows: 75%, 66 million; Egg-laying hens: 98.3%, 380 million; Pigs: 98.6%, 73 million. Data source: Sentience Institute (2024), with data from 2022.","updatedAt":1739466605977,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"210e8bd4-d29f-4512-59ba-851758cdb500"},"foreign-aid-given-as-a-share-of-national-income-mobile 1.png":{"id":2830,"filename":"foreign-aid-given-as-a-share-of-national-income-mobile 1.png","defaultAlt":"A line graph titled \"Foreign aid given as a share of national income, DAC Countries\" illustrates the trend of official development assistance (ODA) as a percentage of gross national income from 1960 to 2023. The vertical axis represents the percentage of national income, ranging from 0% to 0.5%, while the horizontal axis indicates the years from 1960 to 2023. \n\nThe graph shows a decline in foreign aid from approximately 0.49% in 1960, followed by fluctuations, hitting a low of about 0.21% around the year 2000. After this low point, there is a gradual increase, reaching 0.37% in 2023. Two data points are highlighted: 0.49% at the start, and 0.21% around 2000, marking significant moments in the timeline.\n\nIn the graph, \"DAC countries\" is noted as major aid donors in the OECD, with a credit to the data source, which is the OECD for the year 2024. The visual is copyrighted under CC BY.","updatedAt":1738245932007,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"ace263e5-3c73-4493-4358-05e3b503d000"},"global-car-peak-desktop.png":{"id":2402,"filename":"global-car-peak-desktop.png","defaultAlt":"A bar chart titled \"Global sales of combustion engine cars have peaked,\" showing annual car sales from 2010 to 2023. The chart highlights that combustion engine car sales peaked in 2017/18 and have declined since, while electric car sales (in orange) have steadily risen. Total car sales hover around 70–80 million annually, with electric cars making a growing share of the market from 2018 onward. Data source: International Energy Agency, Global EV Outlook 2024. Note: Electric cars include fully battery-electric and plug-in hybrids.","updatedAt":1732614452616,"originalWidth":3400,"originalHeight":2400,"cloudflareId":"cf1cfa9d-08ae-4b89-e832-318d4b0d7000"},"global-car-peak-mobile.png":{"id":2939,"filename":"global-car-peak-mobile.png","defaultAlt":"A bar chart titled \"Global sales of combustion engine cars have peaked,\" showing annual car sales from 2010 to 2023. The chart highlights that combustion engine car sales peaked in 2017/18 and have declined since, while electric car sales (in orange) have steadily risen. Total car sales hover around 70–80 million annually, with electric cars making a growing share of the market from 2018 onward. Data source: International Energy Agency, Global EV Outlook 2024. Note: Electric cars include fully battery-electric and plug-in hybrids.","updatedAt":1739466720576,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"cec7f9e1-f521-427f-b314-07d03ed0c900"},"nine-asian-countries-where-child-mortality-has-dropped-by-over-50-since-2000.png":{"id":2869,"filename":"nine-asian-countries-where-child-mortality-has-dropped-by-over-50-since-2000.png","defaultAlt":"A data visualization titled \"Nine Asian countries where child mortality has halved since 2000.\" The chart shows the estimated percentage of newborns dying before age five in nine countries: Afghanistan (13% in 2000 to 6% in 2022), Cambodia (11% to 2%), Laos (11% to 4%), Bangladesh (9% to 3%), Myanmar (9% to 4%), India (9% to 3%), Nepal (8% to 3%), Indonesia (5% to 2%), and China (4% to 1%). Each country is represented by a line graph showing a significant decline in child mortality over time. Data source: UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (2024), CC BY.","updatedAt":1739113639180,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"57dcc03f-4cff-498a-67d0-3d0d82101600"},"peak-birth-month-france-vertical.png":{"id":2828,"filename":"peak-birth-month-france-vertical.png","defaultAlt":"A line graph depicting the most common birth month in France from 1861 to 2022, with the horizontal axis representing months from January to December and the vertical axis indicating years. Each year shows a line indicating the month with the highest average birth rate per day, with varying colors representing different time periods. \n\nIn the late 19th and early 20th centuries, lines often cluster around spring months, indicating this as the most common season for births. Disruptions during World Wars I and II are noted, as birth rates shifted temporarily. Since the late 20th century, the trend has changed, with late summer and autumn months becoming the most common for births.\n\nThe data source is the Human Mortality Database (2024) and the chart is published on OurWorldinData.org, and is licensed under CC-BY by the authors, Saloni Dattani and Lucas Rodés-Guirao.","updatedAt":1738243300674,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":2223,"cloudflareId":"ca552284-d32e-481b-d8b3-d5423210ae00"},"twin-baby-boom.png":{"id":2806,"filename":"twin-baby-boom.png","defaultAlt":"The chart titled \"Share of births that are twins\" displays the percentage of twin births over time, spanning from 1858 to 2021. The vertical axis represents the share of births that are twins, ranging from 0% to 2%.\n\nThere are five colored lines, each representing a different country: the United States, France, Canada, Australia, and England and Wales. Throughout the years, the percentage of twin births shows a noticeable increase in each of the countries shown, particularly from the 1980s.\n\nA note on the chart indicates that delayed childbearing, alongside technologies such as IVF, has contributed to this rise in twin births. \n\nThe data for this chart is sourced from the Human Multiple Births Database in 2024. The chart is credited under a Creative Commons BY license, and is published by Our World in Data.","updatedAt":1738002646172,"originalWidth":1620,"originalHeight":1620,"cloudflareId":"181721d4-c9ea-481f-5c2e-0161f6d96e00"}},"linkedAuthors":[],"linkedCharts":{"child-mortality":{"configType":"grapher","originalSlug":"child-mortality","title":"Child mortality rate","tab":"chart","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality.png","tags":[],"indicatorId":989105},"share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty":{"configType":"grapher","originalSlug":"share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty","title":"Share of population living in extreme poverty","tab":"map","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty.png","tags":[],"indicatorId":990305},"life-expectancy":{"configType":"grapher","originalSlug":"life-expectancy","title":"Life expectancy","tab":"chart","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy.png","tags":[],"indicatorId":1002268},"co-emissions-per-capita":{"configType":"grapher","originalSlug":"co-emissions-per-capita","title":"Per capita CO₂ emissions","tab":"chart","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita.png","tags":[],"indicatorId":998404},"gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database":{"configType":"grapher","originalSlug":"gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database","title":"GDP per 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rate","tab":"chart","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates.png","tags":[],"indicatorId":998324},"share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity":{"configType":"grapher","originalSlug":"share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity","title":"Share of the population with access to electricity","tab":"map","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity.png","tags":[],"indicatorId":1007871},"mobile-cellular-subscriptions-per-100-people":{"configType":"grapher","originalSlug":"mobile-cellular-subscriptions-per-100-people","title":"Mobile phone subscriptions per 100 people","tab":"map","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mobile-cellular-subscriptions-per-100-people","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mobile-cellular-subscriptions-per-100-people.png","tags":[],"indicatorId":1008188},"technology-adoption-by-households-in-the-united-states":{"configType":"grapher","originalSlug":"technology-adoption-by-households-in-the-united-states","title":"Share of United States households using specific technologies","tab":"chart","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/technology-adoption-by-households-in-the-united-states","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/technology-adoption-by-households-in-the-united-states.png","tags":[]},"climate-change":{"configType":"explorer","originalSlug":"climate-change","title":"Climate Change Impacts","subtitle":"Explore the impacts of global climate change.","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/climate-change","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png","tags":["Climate Change"]},"co2":{"configType":"explorer","originalSlug":"co2","title":"CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions","subtitle":"Explore data on greenhouse gas emissions.","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/co2","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png","tags":["CO2 & Greenhouse Gas Emissions"]},"poverty-explorer":{"configType":"explorer","originalSlug":"poverty-explorer","title":"Poverty","subtitle":"Explore key poverty indicators from World Bank data.","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/poverty-explorer","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png","tags":["Poverty"]},"population-and-demography":{"configType":"explorer","originalSlug":"population-and-demography","title":"Population & Demography","subtitle":"Explore data from the United Nations World Population Prospects.","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/population-and-demography","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png","tags":["Population and Demographic Change"]},"global-health":{"configType":"explorer","originalSlug":"global-health","title":"Global Health","subtitle":"Explore data on child and maternal health, diseases, life expectancy, and health systems around the world.","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/global-health","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png","tags":["Global Health"]},"energy":{"configType":"explorer","originalSlug":"energy","title":"Energy","subtitle":"Explore data on energy production and sources.","resolvedUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/energy","thumbnail":"https://ourworldindata.org/default-thumbnail.png","tags":["Energy"]}},"linkedIndicators":{"833085":{"id":833085,"title":"Share of people that are undernourished","attributionShort":"FAO"},"900793":{"id":900793,"title":"GDP per capita","attributionShort":"In constant international-$. Historical data – Maddison Project Database"},"989105":{"id":989105,"title":"Under-five mortality rate","attributionShort":"Long-run data – UN IGME; Gapminder"},"990305":{"id":990305,"title":"Share of population living in extreme poverty","attributionShort":"World Bank"},"998324":{"id":998324,"title":"Literacy rate"},"998404":{"id":998404,"title":"Per capita CO₂ emissions","attributionShort":"GCB"},"1002268":{"id":1002268,"title":"Life expectancy at birth","attributionShort":"period tables – Various sources"},"1007871":{"id":1007871,"title":"Share of the population with access to electricity","attributionShort":"World Bank"}},"linkedDocuments":{"1_yc5hUDsqz9KSdhyhLaqwfK9BEJ_AdyleaI2PR5ae5I":{"id":"1_yc5hUDsqz9KSdhyhLaqwfK9BEJ_AdyleaI2PR5ae5I","title":"Our founder, Max Roser, has received two prestigious honors","slug":"max-roser-received-two-prestigious-honors","authors":["Angela Wenham","Charlie Giattino"],"publishedAt":"February 10, 2025","published":true,"subtitle":"An honorary doctorate from KU Leuven & UCLouvain and a “Dove of Peace” in Germany.","excerpt":"An honorary doctorate from KU Leuven & UCLouvain and a “Dove of Peace” in Germany.","type":"article","featured-image":"thumbnail_max_kuleuven.png"},"11rcKNggIo_XMFyGnv9cPaIEbpzm60IYb6Wt1XgrTCV4":{"id":"11rcKNggIo_XMFyGnv9cPaIEbpzm60IYb6Wt1XgrTCV4","title":"How much in subsidies do fossil fuels receive?","slug":"how-much-subsidies-fossil-fuels","authors":["Hannah Ritchie"],"publishedAt":"January 27, 2025","published":true,"subtitle":"Estimates range from less than $1 trillion to $7 trillion. Where do these numbers come from?","excerpt":"Estimates range from less than $1 trillion to $7 trillion. Where do these numbers come from?","type":"article","featured-image":"fossil-fuel-subsidies-featured.png"},"15EMzPKAEFOR9IMWM4NI-inXa3vffLBuCOy49swgTchw":{"id":"15EMzPKAEFOR9IMWM4NI-inXa3vffLBuCOy49swgTchw","title":"If we can make maternal deaths as rare as in the healthiest countries, we can save 275,000 mothers each year","slug":"maternal-deaths-save-mothers","authors":["Hannah Ritchie"],"publishedAt":"February 03, 2025","published":true,"subtitle":"Maternal mortality was much more common in the past. It is much lower today, but global inequalities are still large.","excerpt":"Maternal mortality was much more common in the past. It is much lower today, but global inequalities are still large.","type":"article","featured-image":"maternal-deaths-scenario-featured.png"},"1IyKQx8mXhCvbSaRwFzhxQLci0Sx3P93swsSuBnwVT2w":{"id":"1IyKQx8mXhCvbSaRwFzhxQLci0Sx3P93swsSuBnwVT2w","title":"In many countries, people breathe the cleanest air in centuries. What can the rest of the world learn from this?","slug":"cleanest-air-lessons","authors":["Hannah Ritchie"],"publishedAt":"February 17, 2025","published":true,"subtitle":"Air pollution tends to get worse before it gets better, but how can we accelerate this transition?","excerpt":"Air pollution tends to get worse before it gets better, but how can we accelerate this transition?","type":"article","featured-image":"reducing-air-pollution-featured.png"},"1urxTFCg1BXBSMSjP4OmiG_iRHJuz5Fp5RSBvq53LtbM":{"id":"1urxTFCg1BXBSMSjP4OmiG_iRHJuz5Fp5RSBvq53LtbM","title":"Food production is responsible for one-quarter of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions","slug":"food-ghg-emissions","authors":["Hannah Ritchie"],"publishedAt":"November 06, 2019","published":true,"subtitle":"One-quarter of the world's greenhouse gas emissions result from food and agriculture. What are the main contributors to food's emissions?","excerpt":"One-quarter of the world's greenhouse gas emissions result from food and agriculture. What are the main contributors to food's emissions?","type":"article","featured-image":"Food-GHG-emissions-thumbnail.png"}},"latestDataInsights":[{"id":"1wx2EF16GhWU2okOKcf0teV7_cdgTq0YjCGExFwPK3AM","slug":"global-sales-of-combustion-engine-cars-have-peaked","publishedAt":"2025-02-17T04:00:00.000Z","content":{"body":[{"size":"narrow","type":"image","filename":"global-car-peak-desktop.png","hasOutline":false,"parseErrors":[],"smallFilename":"global-car-peak-mobile.png"},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"To decarbonize road transport, the world must move away from petrol and diesel cars and towards electric vehicles and other forms of low-carbon transport.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"This transition has already started. In fact, global sales of combustion engine cars are well past the peak and are now falling.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"As you can see in the chart, global sales peaked in 2018. This is calculated based on data from the ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2024","children":[{"text":"International Energy Agency","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":". 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The chart shows nine countries that have reduced child mortality rates by more than half since 2000. This means millions more children surviving through the crucial early years of life.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"In India, for example, child mortality fell from 9% to 3%. China saw a similar decrease from 4% to just 1%. ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality#introduction","children":[{"text":"Key reasons","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" for these gains include improved nutrition, clean water, sanitation, ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/infant-mortality-vaccines","children":[{"text":"vaccinations","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":", and poverty reduction.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"However, even with these improvements, rates of 1–6% still reflect ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/population-and-demography?tab=map&time=latest&region=Asia&hideControls=false&Metric=Number+of+child+deaths&Sex=Both+sexes&Age+group=Total&Projection+Scenario=None&country=~Asia+%28UN%29","children":[{"text":"hundreds of thousands","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" of young lives lost each year in these countries.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"This is a story of remarkable progress — but one that’s not yet finished.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality-igme","children":[{"text":"Explore child mortality data for more countries ","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":"→","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"refs":{"errors":[],"definitions":{}},"type":"data-insight","title":"In these nine Asian countries, child mortality has more than halved since the year 2000","authors":["Simon van Teutem"],"approved-by":"Max","grapher-url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality-igme"}},{"id":"1-kK7MckuPo0C1McpaB8BBeAqcKD4V9lM4_0vYGF9ct0","slug":"almost-all-livestock-in-the-united-states-is-factory-farmed","publishedAt":"2025-02-13T04:00:00.000Z","content":{"body":[{"size":"narrow","type":"image","filename":"factory-farms-us-mobile.png","hasOutline":false,"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"It’s difficult to quantify animal suffering in a single number, but one metric often used to measure living conditions is the number of animals raised on “factory farms”.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Factory farms are defined as “","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_animal_feeding_operation","children":[{"text":"concentrated animal feeding operations","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":"” where many animals are held in an intensive feeding operation for more than 45 days.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"99% of livestock in the United States is factory-farmed. 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Cows are a bit less likely to be factory-farmed, but three-quarters still spend much of their lives in these conditions.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/how-many-animals-are-factory-farmed","children":[{"text":"Read more about factory farming, including estimates of how much livestock globally is factory-farmed","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" →","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"refs":{"errors":[],"definitions":{}},"type":"data-insight","title":"Almost all livestock in the United States is factory-farmed","authors":["Hannah Ritchie"],"approved-by":"Ed","grapher-url":""}},{"id":"1Dt_Q8ZBilvscXqW5QTntgeMzs_6Qpn1orNpAOuvw4y8","slug":"spring-no-more-frances-shift-in-birth-patterns","publishedAt":"2025-02-12T04:00:00.000Z","content":{"body":[{"size":"narrow","type":"image","filename":"peak-birth-month-france-vertical.png","hasOutline":false,"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"What’s the most common season for babies to be born?","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"In many European countries, it’s late summer or autumn. 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Extreme poverty is currently defined as living on less than $2.15 per day. This indicator, published by the World Bank, has successfully drawn attention to the terrible depths of poverty of the poorest people in the world.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Two centuries ago, ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/extreme-poverty-in-brief","children":[{"text":"the majority","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" of the world’s population was extremely poor. Back then, it was widely believed that widespread poverty was inevitable. This turned out to be wrong. Economic growth is possible and ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-economic-growth","children":[{"text":"makes it possible","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" for entire societies to leave the deep poverty of the past behind. Whether or not countries are leaving the worst poverty behind can be monitored by relying on this indicator.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"What share of the population lives in extreme poverty?","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Across the world, people are living longer. In 1900, the global average life expectancy of a newborn was 32 years. By 2021, this had more than doubled to 71 years.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Big improvements were achieved by countries ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy-globally","children":[{"text":"around the world","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":". The chart shows that life expectancy has more than doubled in every region of the world. This improvement is not only due to declining child mortality; life expectancy increased ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/its-not-just-about-child-mortality-life-expectancy-improved-at-all-ages","children":[{"text":"at all ages","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":".","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"This visualization shows long-run estimates of life expectancy brought together by our team from several different data sources. 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It is the primary ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions","children":[{"text":"greenhouse gas","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" causing ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/climate-change","children":[{"text":"climate change","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":".","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Globally, CO","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"text":"2","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-subscript"},{"text":" emissions have remained at just below 5 tonnes per person for over a decade. Between countries, however, there are large differences, and while emissions are rapidly increasing in some countries, they are rapidly falling in others.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The source for this CO","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"text":"2","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-subscript"},{"text":" data is the Global Carbon Budget, a dataset we update yearly as soon as it is published. In addition to these production-based emissions, they publish consumption-based emissions for the last three decades, which can be viewed in our ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/co2?facet=none&country=CHN~USA~IND~FRA&Gas+or+Warming=CO%E2%82%82&Accounting=Consumption-based&Fuel+or+Land+Use+Change=All+fossil+emissions&Count=Per+capita","children":[{"text":"Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data Explorer","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":".","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"How have CO₂ emissions per capita changed?","source":"Long-run estimates from the Global Carbon Budget","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"GDP per capita is a very comprehensive measure of people’s ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-economic-growth","children":[{"text":"average income","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":". This indicator reveals how large the inequality between people in different countries is. In the poorest countries, people live on less than $1,000 per year, while in rich countries, the average income is more than 50 times higher.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The data shown is sourced from the Maddison Project Database. Drawing together the careful work of hundreds of economic historians, the particular value of this data lies in the historical coverage it provides. This data makes clear that the vast majority of people in all countries ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/extreme-history-methods","children":[{"text":"were poor","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" in the past. It allows us to understand when and how the ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth","children":[{"text":"economic growth","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" that made it possible ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/breaking-the-malthusian-trap","children":[{"text":"to leave","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" the deep poverty of the past behind was achieved.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"How do average incomes compare between countries around the world?","source":"Long-run estimates from the Maddison Project Database","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/hunger-and-undernourishment","children":[{"text":"Hunger","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" has been a severe problem for most of humanity throughout history. Growing enough food to feed one’s family was a constant struggle in daily life. Food shortages, malnutrition, and ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/famines","children":[{"text":"famines","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" were common around the world.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization publishes global data on undernourishment, defined as not consuming enough calories to maintain a normal, active, healthy life. These minimum requirements vary by a person’s sex, weight, height, and activity levels. This is considered in these national and global estimates.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The world has made much progress in reducing global hunger in recent decades. But we are still far away from an end to hunger, as this indicator shows. Tragically, nearly one in ten people still do not get enough food to eat and in recent years — especially during the pandemic — hunger levels have increased.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"What share of the population is suffering from hunger?","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"Literacy is a foundational skill. Children need to learn to read so that they can read to learn. When we fail to teach this foundational skill, people have fewer opportunities to lead the rich and interesting lives that a good education offers.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The historical data shows that only a very small share of the population, a tiny elite, was able to read and write. Over the course of the last few generations, literacy levels increased, but ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/better-learning","children":[{"text":"it remains","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" an important challenge for our time to provide this foundational skill to all.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"At Our World in Data, ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/how-is-literacy-measured","children":[{"text":"we investigated","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" the strengths and shortcomings of the available data on literacy. Based on this work, our team brought together the long-run data shown in the chart by combining several different sources, including the World Bank, the CIA Factbook, and a range of research publications.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"When has literacy become a widespread skill?","source":"Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA","parseErrors":[]},{"text":[{"type":"text","value":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/light-at-night","children":[{"text":"Light at night","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" makes it possible to get together after sunset; ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mobile-cellular-subscriptions-per-100-people","children":[{"text":"mobile phones","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" allow us to stay in touch with those far away; the refrigeration of food reduces food waste; and ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/technology-adoption-by-households-in-the-united-states","children":[{"text":"household appliances","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"},{"text":" free up time from household chores. Access to electricity improves people’s living conditions in many ways.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"The World Bank data on the world map captures whether people have access to the ","spanType":"span-simple-text"},{"children":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/definition-electricity-access","children":[{"text":"most basic","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"spanType":"span-link"}],"spanType":"span-italic"},{"text":" electricity supply — just enough to provide basic lighting and charge a phone or power a radio for 4 hours per day.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"text","value":[{"text":"It shows that, especially in several African countries, a large share of the population lacks the benefits that basic electricity offers. No radio and no light at night.","spanType":"span-simple-text"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"type":"key-indicator","title":"Where do people lack access to even the most basic electricity supply?","datapageUrl":"https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest","parseErrors":[]}],"parseErrors":[]},{"type":"explorer-tiles","title":"Data explorers","subtitle":"Interactive visualization tools to explore a wide range of related indicators.","explorers":[{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/poverty-explorer"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/population-and-demography"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/global-health"},{"url":"https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/energy"}],"parseErrors":[]}],"refs":{"errors":[],"definitions":{}},"type":"homepage","title":"OWID Homepage","authors":["Our World in Data"],"excerpt":"OWID Homepage"}}</script><script> function setJSEnabled(enabled) { var elem = window.document.documentElement; 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From left to right: Science, Nature, PNAS, BBC, Financial Times, The New York Times, The Guardian, The Atlantic, and The Washington Post" width="230" height="75" loading="lazy"/></section><section class="grid grid-cols-9 span-cols-9 col-start-5 span-md-cols-12 col-md-start-2 homepage-intro__right-section"><h2 class="span-cols-9 span-md-cols-12 h5-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-heading">Featured work</h2><div class="grid grid-cols-9 span-cols-9 span-md-cols-12 homepage-intro__featured-work-container"><div class="homepage-intro__primary-tiles span-cols-6"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/cleanest-air-lessons" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2634177d-6b60-4df5-3152-c38263399f00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2634177d-6b60-4df5-3152-c38263399f00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2634177d-6b60-4df5-3152-c38263399f00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2634177d-6b60-4df5-3152-c38263399f00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2634177d-6b60-4df5-3152-c38263399f00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2634177d-6b60-4df5-3152-c38263399f00/w=2400 2400w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 640px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/2634177d-6b60-4df5-3152-c38263399f00/w=2400" alt="Featured image" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="reducing-air-pollution-featured.png" width="2400" height="1260"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker"><span class="homepage-intro__new-tag">New</span>Article · 14 min read</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">In many countries, people breathe the cleanest air in centuries. What can the rest of the world learn from this?</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">Air pollution tends to get worse before it gets better, but how can we accelerate this transition?</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Hannah Ritchie</p></a></div><div class="homepage-intro__secondary-tiles span-cols-3 col-start-7"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/food-ghg-emissions" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/4856b7da-8b2a-4218-7a2f-e18304c85200/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/4856b7da-8b2a-4218-7a2f-e18304c85200/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/4856b7da-8b2a-4218-7a2f-e18304c85200/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/4856b7da-8b2a-4218-7a2f-e18304c85200/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/4856b7da-8b2a-4218-7a2f-e18304c85200/w=1200 1200w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/4856b7da-8b2a-4218-7a2f-e18304c85200/w=1200" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="Food-GHG-emissions-thumbnail.png" width="1200" height="630"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">From our classics</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">Food production is responsible for one-quarter of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">One-quarter of the world's greenhouse gas emissions result from food and agriculture. What are the main contributors to food's emissions?</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Hannah Ritchie</p></a><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/maternal-deaths-save-mothers" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/1a2ccaa1-7f25-4250-6151-acd5affb0400/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/1a2ccaa1-7f25-4250-6151-acd5affb0400/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/1a2ccaa1-7f25-4250-6151-acd5affb0400/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/1a2ccaa1-7f25-4250-6151-acd5affb0400/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/1a2ccaa1-7f25-4250-6151-acd5affb0400/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/1a2ccaa1-7f25-4250-6151-acd5affb0400/w=2400 2400w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/1a2ccaa1-7f25-4250-6151-acd5affb0400/w=2400" alt="Featured image" class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="maternal-deaths-scenario-featured.png" width="2400" height="1260"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">Article · 4 min read</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">If we can make maternal deaths as rare as in the healthiest countries, we can save 275,000 mothers each year</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">Maternal mortality was much more common in the past. It is much lower today, but global inequalities are still large.</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Hannah Ritchie</p></a></div><div class="homepage-intro__tertiary-tiles span-cols-6 grid grid-cols-6"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/max-roser-received-two-prestigious-honors" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile span-cols-3"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/679eea1d-ea22-4824-cccd-6b2044447a00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/679eea1d-ea22-4824-cccd-6b2044447a00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/679eea1d-ea22-4824-cccd-6b2044447a00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/679eea1d-ea22-4824-cccd-6b2044447a00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/679eea1d-ea22-4824-cccd-6b2044447a00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/679eea1d-ea22-4824-cccd-6b2044447a00/w=4800 4800w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/679eea1d-ea22-4824-cccd-6b2044447a00/w=4800" alt="A photo of Max Roser and others marching through town as part of the ceremony for receiving an honorary doctorate from KU Leuven and UCLouvain in Belgium. The photo is copyright KU Leuven - Rob Stevens." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="thumbnail_max_kuleuven.png" width="4800" height="2520"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">Announcement</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">Our founder, Max Roser, has received two prestigious honors</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">An honorary doctorate from KU Leuven & UCLouvain and a “Dove of Peace” in Germany.</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Angela Wenham and Charlie Giattino</p></a><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/how-much-subsidies-fossil-fuels" class="homepage-intro__featured-tile span-cols-3"><div class="image"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/58092c37-e5b8-42af-8d79-60234c162400/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/58092c37-e5b8-42af-8d79-60234c162400/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/58092c37-e5b8-42af-8d79-60234c162400/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/58092c37-e5b8-42af-8d79-60234c162400/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/58092c37-e5b8-42af-8d79-60234c162400/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/58092c37-e5b8-42af-8d79-60234c162400/w=2400 2400w" type="image/png" sizes="350px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/58092c37-e5b8-42af-8d79-60234c162400/w=2400" alt="A rectangular table with two rows and five columns. The first row contains colored blocks, starting from the left with a deep purple block, followed by a light purple, a pale lavender, and two shades of peach. The second row mirrors the first, repeating the same arrangement of colors." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="fossil-fuel-subsidies-featured.png" width="2400" height="1260"/></picture></div><span class="h6-black-caps homepage-intro__featured-work-kicker">Article · 10 min read</span><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-title">How much in subsidies do fossil fuels receive?</p><p class="homepage-intro__featured-work-description">Estimates range from less than $1 trillion to $7 trillion. Where do these numbers come from?</p><p class="body-3-medium-italic homepage-intro__featured-work-authors">Hannah Ritchie</p></a></div><div class="span-cols-6 homepage-intro__see-all-work-button-container"><a href="/latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--outline-vermillion body-3-medium homepage-intro__see-all-work-button">See all our latest work <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="span-cols-6 span-sm-cols-12"><a href="/latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--outline-vermillion body-3-medium homepage-intro__see-all-work-button homepage-intro__see-all-work-button--mobile">See all our latest work <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></section></section><section class="article-block__latest-data-insights grid grid-cols-12-full-width span-cols-14 latest-data-insights-block"><header class="latest-data-insights-block__header span-cols-8 col-start-2 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><h2 class="h2-bold">Daily Data Insights</h2><p class="body-2-regular">Bite-sized insights on how the world is changing, published every weekday.</p></header><a href="/data-insights" class="owid-btn owid-btn--outline-vermillion latest-data-insights-block__see-all-data-insights-button body-3-medium span-cols-4 col-start-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2">See all Daily Data Insights <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a><div class="latest-data-insights span-cols-12 col-start-2"><div class="latest-data-insights__viewport"><div class="latest-data-insights__card-container"><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#most-recent-data-insight"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/cec7f9e1-f521-427f-b314-07d03ed0c900/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/cec7f9e1-f521-427f-b314-07d03ed0c900/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/cec7f9e1-f521-427f-b314-07d03ed0c900/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/cec7f9e1-f521-427f-b314-07d03ed0c900/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/cec7f9e1-f521-427f-b314-07d03ed0c900/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/cec7f9e1-f521-427f-b314-07d03ed0c900/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/cec7f9e1-f521-427f-b314-07d03ed0c900/w=1620" alt="A bar chart titled "Global sales of combustion engine cars have peaked," showing annual car sales from 2010 to 2023. The chart highlights that combustion engine car sales peaked in 2017/18 and have declined since, while electric car sales (in orange) have steadily risen. Total car sales hover around 70–80 million annually, with electric cars making a growing share of the market from 2018 onward. Data source: International Energy Agency, Global EV Outlook 2024. Note: Electric cars include fully battery-electric and plug-in hybrids." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="global-car-peak-mobile.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>Yesterday</p><h3 class="latest-data-insights__card-title">Global sales of combustion engine cars have peaked</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>To decarbonize road transport, the world must move away from petrol and diesel cars and towards electric vehicles and other forms of low-carbon transport.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>This transition has already started. In fact, global sales of combustion engine cars are well past the peak and are now falling.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>As you can see in the chart, global sales peaked in 2018. This is calculated based on data from the </span><span><span>International Energy Agency</span></span><span>. Bloomberg New Energy Finance </span><span><span>estimates</span></span><span> this peak occurred one year earlier, in 2017.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Sales of electric cars, on the other hand, are growing quickly.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Explore more data on electric car sales across the world</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#second-most-recent-data-insight"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/57dcc03f-4cff-498a-67d0-3d0d82101600/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/57dcc03f-4cff-498a-67d0-3d0d82101600/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/57dcc03f-4cff-498a-67d0-3d0d82101600/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/57dcc03f-4cff-498a-67d0-3d0d82101600/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/57dcc03f-4cff-498a-67d0-3d0d82101600/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/57dcc03f-4cff-498a-67d0-3d0d82101600/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/57dcc03f-4cff-498a-67d0-3d0d82101600/w=1620" alt="A data visualization titled "Nine Asian countries where child mortality has halved since 2000." The chart shows the estimated percentage of newborns dying before age five in nine countries: Afghanistan (13% in 2000 to 6% in 2022), Cambodia (11% to 2%), Laos (11% to 4%), Bangladesh (9% to 3%), Myanmar (9% to 4%), India (9% to 3%), Nepal (8% to 3%), Indonesia (5% to 2%), and China (4% to 1%). Each country is represented by a line graph showing a significant decline in child mortality over time. Data source: UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (2024), CC BY." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="nine-asian-countries-where-child-mortality-has-dropped-by-over-50-since-2000.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>February 14</p><h3 class="latest-data-insights__card-title">In these nine Asian countries, child mortality has more than halved since the year 2000</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Child mortality in Asia has fallen sharply. The chart shows nine countries that have reduced child mortality rates by more than half since 2000. This means millions more children surviving through the crucial early years of life.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>In India, for example, child mortality fell from 9% to 3%. China saw a similar decrease from 4% to just 1%. </span><span><span>Key reasons</span></span><span> for these gains include improved nutrition, clean water, sanitation, </span><span><span>vaccinations</span></span><span>, and poverty reduction.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>However, even with these improvements, rates of 1–6% still reflect </span><span><span>hundreds of thousands</span></span><span> of young lives lost each year in these countries.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>This is a story of remarkable progress — but one that’s not yet finished.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Explore child mortality data for more countries </span></span><span>→</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#third-most-recent-data-insight"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/210e8bd4-d29f-4512-59ba-851758cdb500/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/210e8bd4-d29f-4512-59ba-851758cdb500/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/210e8bd4-d29f-4512-59ba-851758cdb500/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/210e8bd4-d29f-4512-59ba-851758cdb500/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/210e8bd4-d29f-4512-59ba-851758cdb500/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/210e8bd4-d29f-4512-59ba-851758cdb500/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/210e8bd4-d29f-4512-59ba-851758cdb500/w=1620" alt="An infographic titled "Most livestock in the United States are factory-farmed." It lists the percentages and numbers of animals raised in factory farms, defined by the EPA as operations with intensive feeding for over 45 days. Chickens: 99.96%, 9.2 billion; Turkeys: 99.8%, 260 million; Farmed fish: 100%, 530 million; Cows: 75%, 66 million; Egg-laying hens: 98.3%, 380 million; Pigs: 98.6%, 73 million. Data source: Sentience Institute (2024), with data from 2022." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="factory-farms-us-mobile.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>February 13</p><h3 class="latest-data-insights__card-title">Almost all livestock in the United States is factory-farmed</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>It’s difficult to quantify animal suffering in a single number, but one metric often used to measure living conditions is the number of animals raised on “factory farms”.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Factory farms are defined as “</span><span><span>concentrated animal feeding operations</span></span><span>” where many animals are held in an intensive feeding operation for more than 45 days.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>99% of livestock in the United States is factory-farmed. This latest estimate comes from the </span><span><span>Sentience Institute</span></span><span> and is based on definitions and data from the US Environment Protection Agency.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The chart shows the share of different forms of livestock that are factory-farmed. More than 98% of chickens, turkeys, hens, pigs, and farmed fish are factory-farmed. Cows are a bit less likely to be factory-farmed, but three-quarters still spend much of their lives in these conditions.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Read more about factory farming, including estimates of how much livestock globally is factory-farmed</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#fourth-most-recent-data-insight"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ca552284-d32e-481b-d8b3-d5423210ae00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ca552284-d32e-481b-d8b3-d5423210ae00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ca552284-d32e-481b-d8b3-d5423210ae00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ca552284-d32e-481b-d8b3-d5423210ae00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ca552284-d32e-481b-d8b3-d5423210ae00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ca552284-d32e-481b-d8b3-d5423210ae00/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ca552284-d32e-481b-d8b3-d5423210ae00/w=1620" alt="A line graph depicting the most common birth month in France from 1861 to 2022, with the horizontal axis representing months from January to December and the vertical axis indicating years. Each year shows a line indicating the month with the highest average birth rate per day, with varying colors representing different time periods. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, lines often cluster around spring months, indicating this as the most common season for births. Disruptions during World Wars I and II are noted, as birth rates shifted temporarily. Since the late 20th century, the trend has changed, with late summer and autumn months becoming the most common for births. The data source is the Human Mortality Database (2024) and the chart is published on OurWorldinData.org, and is licensed under CC-BY by the authors, Saloni Dattani and Lucas Rodés-Guirao." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="peak-birth-month-france-vertical.png" width="1620" height="2223"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>February 12</p><h3 class="latest-data-insights__card-title">Spring no more: France’s shift in birth patterns</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>What’s the most common season for babies to be born?</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>In many European countries, it’s late summer or autumn. Births are </span><span><span>5% to 10% more common</span></span><span> in these months than others.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>But this seasonal pattern used to be different. The chart shows the most common month for births each year. We’ve focused on France, which has data since the 1860s.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>As you can see, spring was the most common season for births then. The pattern was temporarily disrupted during the two World Wars but continued until the late 20th century. Then, births shifted to later in the year, with late summer and autumn becoming more popular.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>This shift also occurred in many other European countries and North America.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Explore the most common birth month around the world</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#fifth-most-recent-data-insight"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ace263e5-3c73-4493-4358-05e3b503d000/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ace263e5-3c73-4493-4358-05e3b503d000/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ace263e5-3c73-4493-4358-05e3b503d000/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ace263e5-3c73-4493-4358-05e3b503d000/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ace263e5-3c73-4493-4358-05e3b503d000/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ace263e5-3c73-4493-4358-05e3b503d000/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/ace263e5-3c73-4493-4358-05e3b503d000/w=1620" alt="A line graph titled "Foreign aid given as a share of national income, DAC Countries" illustrates the trend of official development assistance (ODA) as a percentage of gross national income from 1960 to 2023. The vertical axis represents the percentage of national income, ranging from 0% to 0.5%, while the horizontal axis indicates the years from 1960 to 2023. The graph shows a decline in foreign aid from approximately 0.49% in 1960, followed by fluctuations, hitting a low of about 0.21% around the year 2000. After this low point, there is a gradual increase, reaching 0.37% in 2023. Two data points are highlighted: 0.49% at the start, and 0.21% around 2000, marking significant moments in the timeline. In the graph, "DAC countries" is noted as major aid donors in the OECD, with a credit to the data source, which is the OECD for the year 2024. The visual is copyrighted under CC BY." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="foreign-aid-given-as-a-share-of-national-income-mobile 1.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>February 11</p><h3 class="latest-data-insights__card-title">OECD countries give a smaller share of their national income to foreign aid today than in 1960</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Over the last 60 years, the 32 high-income countries in the OECD’s </span><span class="dod-span" data-id="dac-countries" tabindex="0"><span>Development Assistance Committee (DAC)</span></span><span> steadily increased the foreign aid they sent abroad. In total, aid </span><span><span>rose</span></span><span> from $39 billion to $213 billion, adjusted for inflation.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>But while aid has grown in dollar terms, it has shrunk as a share of national income. Between 1960 and 2000, foreign aid as a percentage of national income fell sharply from 0.49% to 0.21%. Since then, it has recovered slightly to 0.37% but remains far below its 1960 level.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>As a result, </span><span><span>only five countries</span></span><span> currently meet the UN’s target of dedicating at least 0.7% of their national income to foreign aid.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Explore foreign aid given as a share of national income by all countries</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#sixth-most-recent-data-insight"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/181721d4-c9ea-481f-5c2e-0161f6d96e00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/181721d4-c9ea-481f-5c2e-0161f6d96e00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/181721d4-c9ea-481f-5c2e-0161f6d96e00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/181721d4-c9ea-481f-5c2e-0161f6d96e00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/181721d4-c9ea-481f-5c2e-0161f6d96e00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/181721d4-c9ea-481f-5c2e-0161f6d96e00/w=1620 1620w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/181721d4-c9ea-481f-5c2e-0161f6d96e00/w=1620" alt="The chart titled "Share of births that are twins" displays the percentage of twin births over time, spanning from 1858 to 2021. The vertical axis represents the share of births that are twins, ranging from 0% to 2%. There are five colored lines, each representing a different country: the United States, France, Canada, Australia, and England and Wales. Throughout the years, the percentage of twin births shows a noticeable increase in each of the countries shown, particularly from the 1980s. A note on the chart indicates that delayed childbearing, alongside technologies such as IVF, has contributed to this rise in twin births. The data for this chart is sourced from the Human Multiple Births Database in 2024. The chart is credited under a Creative Commons BY license, and is published by Our World in Data." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="twin-baby-boom.png" width="1620" height="1620"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>February 10</p><h3 class="latest-data-insights__card-title">The twin baby boom</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The share of births that are twins has changed over time.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The chart shows data for France, Canada, the United States, and England & Wales in the </span><span><span>Human Multiple Births Database</span></span><span>.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>As you can see, twin births have risen dramatically since the 1980s.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>One reason is the use of reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), which have made it possible for many more couples to conceive. During procedures like IVF, multiple eggs can be used at the same time to maximize the chances of a successful pregnancy, which can lead to twin births.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Another reason for the rise in twin births is that </span><span><span>the average age of women at childbirth has risen</span></span><span>. Older women are </span><span><span>more likely to have twin births</span></span><span>, even without using reproductive technologies.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Twin births are a chance event, but data shows they can also be influenced by societal changes and reproductive technologies.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Explore trends in twin births for other countries</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><a class="latest-data-insights__card latest-data-insights__card__data-insight" href="/data-insights#seventh-most-recent-data-insight"><div class="image latest-data-insights__card-left"><picture><source srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/642fbf54-068e-44e3-196f-9020bc7b9d00/w=48 48w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/642fbf54-068e-44e3-196f-9020bc7b9d00/w=100 100w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/642fbf54-068e-44e3-196f-9020bc7b9d00/w=350 350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/642fbf54-068e-44e3-196f-9020bc7b9d00/w=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/642fbf54-068e-44e3-196f-9020bc7b9d00/w=1350 1350w, https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/642fbf54-068e-44e3-196f-9020bc7b9d00/w=2160 2160w" type="image/png" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 95vw, (min-width: 960px) 533px"/><img src="https://ourworldindata.org/cdn-cgi/imagedelivery/qLq-8BTgXU8yG0N6HnOy8g/642fbf54-068e-44e3-196f-9020bc7b9d00/w=2160" alt="A line graph depicting the average number of days it took to install a gigawatt of solar energy capacity worldwide from 2001 to 2023. The vertical axis represents the number of days on a logarithmic scale, spanning from 1 to 1000 days. The horizontal axis indicates the years from 2001 to 2023. In 2004, the average time was about 1 year, which is marked on the graph. A downward trend shows significant decreases in installation time over the years. By 2010, it took under 30 days, and by 2015, just over 7 days. The most notable point is in 2023, where it dropped to about 1 day on average for installation. The data source is attributed to IRENA (2024), with calculation by Our World in Data, and the chart is identified as CC BY, indicating it is licensed for sharing and adaptation with appropriate credit." class="" loading="lazy" data-filename="days_per_gw_solar_v1.png" width="2160" height="2160"/></picture></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-right"><p class="data-insight-dateline latest-data-insights__card-dateline"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="calendar-day" class="svg-inline--fa fa-calendar-day data-insight-dateline__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M128 0c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32l0 32 128 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32s32 14.3 32 32l0 32 48 0c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48l0 48L0 160l0-48C0 85.5 21.5 64 48 64l48 0 0-32c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32zM0 192l448 0 0 272c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48L48 512c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48L0 192zm80 64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16l0 96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16l96 0c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16l0-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16l-96 0z"></path></svg>February 07</p><h3 class="latest-data-insights__card-title">In 2004, it took the world a year to add a gigawatt of solar power — now it takes a day</h3><div class="latest-data-insights__card-body"><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>To mitigate the negative impacts of climate change, the world needs to quickly transition from fossil fuels to low-carbon energy sources such as solar power.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>The chart shows how much this transition has accelerated in the last two decades.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>In 2004, it took the world about a year to add one gigawatt of solar power capacity. By 2023, the same amount was added, on average, every single day</span><em><span>.</span></em></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>For reference, a gigawatt of solar is enough to power approximately </span><span><span>200,000 homes in the US</span></span><span>.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>Much of this growth has been </span><span><span>driven by China</span></span><span>, which by 2023 accounted for about 43% of the cumulative installed capacity worldwide.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span>A big reason for this acceleration has been a large decrease in the price of solar panels. Since 2001, the price has dropped by about 95%, </span><span><span>from $6.21 to $0.31 per watt</span></span><span>.</span></p><p class="article-block__text col-start-5 span-cols-6 col-md-start-3 span-md-cols-10 span-sm-cols-12 col-sm-start-2"><span><span>Learn more about why renewables like solar became so cheap so fast</span></span><span> →</span></p></div><div class="latest-data-insights__card-continue"><span class="body-3-medium-underlined">Continue reading</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" style="font-size:10px"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a></div></div><div 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fill="#46688F"></path><path d="M15.467 12.8C15.467 12.5061 15.7059 12.2667 16.0004 12.2667H32.0016C32.296 12.2667 32.5349 12.5061 32.5349 12.8V23.2089L36.2026 20.1367C36.098 20.0268 35.9881 19.9207 35.8618 19.8316L33.6018 18.0528V12.8001C33.6018 11.9179 32.8839 11.2 32.0017 11.2H16.0005C15.1183 11.2 14.4004 11.9179 14.4004 12.8001V18.0528L12.1656 19.8129C12.0301 19.9078 11.9122 20.0204 11.8008 20.1377L15.4673 23.2088L15.467 12.8Z" fill="#46688F"></path><path d="M22.9858 27.6593L12.3945 36.358C12.8186 36.638 13.3247 36.8022 13.8678 36.8022H34.1359C34.6805 36.8022 35.1855 36.6358 35.6069 36.3563L25.018 27.6591C24.4292 27.1752 23.5747 27.1752 22.9864 27.6591L22.9858 27.6593Z" fill="#46688F"></path><path d="M20.0727 15.9336C20.3605 15.9336 20.6145 16.1876 20.6145 16.4754V22.1643C20.6145 22.3167 20.733 22.4352 20.8853 22.4352H27.6578C27.9456 22.4352 28.1996 22.6892 28.1996 22.977C28.1996 23.2818 27.9456 23.5188 27.6578 23.5188H20.8853C20.1234 23.5188 19.5309 22.9262 19.5309 22.1643V16.4754C19.5309 16.1876 19.7679 15.9336 20.0727 15.9336ZM22.2398 19.1844C22.5277 19.1844 22.7816 19.4384 22.7816 19.7262V20.8098C22.7816 21.1146 22.5277 21.3516 22.2398 21.3516C21.9351 21.3516 21.698 21.1146 21.698 20.8098V19.7262C21.698 19.4384 21.9351 19.1844 22.2398 19.1844ZM24.407 18.1008V20.8098C24.407 21.1146 24.1531 21.3516 23.8652 21.3516C23.5605 21.3516 23.3234 21.1146 23.3234 20.8098V18.1008C23.3234 17.813 23.5605 17.559 23.8652 17.559C24.1531 17.559 24.407 17.813 24.407 18.1008ZM25.4906 18.6426C25.7784 18.6426 26.0324 18.8966 26.0324 19.1844V20.8098C26.0324 21.1146 25.7784 21.3516 25.4906 21.3516C25.1859 21.3516 24.9488 21.1146 24.9488 20.8098V19.1844C24.9488 18.8966 25.1859 18.6426 25.4906 18.6426ZM27.6578 17.0172V20.8098C27.6578 21.1146 27.4038 21.3516 27.116 21.3516C26.8112 21.3516 26.5742 21.1146 26.5742 20.8098V17.0172C26.5742 16.7294 26.8112 16.4754 27.116 16.4754C27.4038 16.4754 27.6578 16.7294 27.6578 17.0172Z" fill="#98A9BD"></path></svg><div class="data-insights-newsletter__left__text"><h3 class="data-insights-newsletter__heading h3-bold">Get Daily Data Insights delivered to your inbox</h3><p class="data-insights-newsletter__description body-3-medium">Receive an email from us when we publish a Daily Data Insight (every weekday).</p></div></div><div class="data-insights-newsletter__right"><form class="data-insights-newsletter__form" action="https://ourworldindata.us8.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=18058af086319ba6afad752ec&id=2e166c1fc1" method="post" target="_blank"><input type="email" class="text-input data-insights-newsletter__email-input sentry-mask" name="EMAIL" required="" size="1" placeholder="Your email address"/><input type="hidden" name="group[85302][16]" value=""/><button type="submit" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-vermillion" aria-label="Subscribe to the Daily Data Insights newsletter">Subscribe </button></form><p class="data-insights-newsletter__note note-1-medium">By subscribing you are agreeing to the terms of our <a href="/privacy-policy">privacy policy</a>.</p></div></div></div></section><section class="key-indicator-collection article-block__key-indicator-collection grid col-start-2 span-cols-12"><header class="key-indicator-collection__header span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12"><h2 class="h2-bold">Explore our data</h2><p class="body-2-regular">Featured data from our collection of 13,183 interactive charts.</p></header><a href="/data" class="owid-btn owid-btn--outline-vermillion key-indicator-collection__all-charts-button body-3-medium span-cols-4 col-start-9 col-sm-start-1 span-sm-cols-12">See all our data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a><div class="span-cols-12"><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--open"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_child-mortality_header" class="accordion-item__button" disabled="" aria-disabled="true" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_child-mortality_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Under-five mortality rate</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates combining data from UN & Gapminder</span></div></div></div></button></h3><div id="key-indicator-collection_child-mortality_content" class="accordion-item__content" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_child-mortality_header"><div tabindex="0" aria-hidden="false"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Under-five mortality rate</span> <span class="indicator-source">Long-run estimates combining data from un & gapminder</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">What share of children die before their fifth birthday?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><span>What could be more tragic than the death of a young child? Child mortality, the death of children under the age of five, is still </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/much-better-awful-can-be-better" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>extremely common</span></a><span> in our world today.</span></p><p class=""><span>The historical data makes clear that it doesn’t have to be this way: it </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality-big-problem-in-brief" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>is possible</span></a><span> for societies to protect their children and reduce child mortality to very low rates. For child mortality to reach low levels, many things have to go right at the same time: </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/financing-healthcare" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>good healthcare</span></a><span>, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/hunger-and-undernourishment" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>good nutrition</span></a><span>, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/clean-water-sanitation" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>clean water and sanitation</span></a><span>, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/maternal-mortality" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>maternal health</span></a><span>, and high </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>living standards</span></a><span>. We can, therefore, think of </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>child mortality</span></a><span> as a proxy indicator of a country’s living conditions.</span></p><p class=""><span>The chart shows our long-run data on child mortality, which allows you to see how child mortality has changed in countries around the world.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?time=earliest..latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-desktop">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?time=earliest..latest" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?time=earliest..latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality.png?time=earliest..latest&imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality.png?time=earliest..latest&imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality.png?time=earliest..latest" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality?time=earliest..latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="earth-americas" class="svg-inline--fa fa-earth-americas key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M57.7 193l9.4 16.4c8.3 14.5 21.9 25.2 38 29.8L163 255.7c17.2 4.9 29 20.6 29 38.5l0 39.9c0 11 6.2 21 16 25.9s16 14.9 16 25.9l0 39c0 15.6 14.9 26.9 29.9 22.6c16.1-4.6 28.6-17.5 32.7-33.8l2.8-11.2c4.2-16.9 15.2-31.4 30.3-40l8.1-4.6c15-8.5 24.2-24.5 24.2-41.7l0-8.3c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-3.9-3.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1L257 256c-11.1 0-22.1-2.9-31.8-8.4l-34.5-19.7c-4.3-2.5-7.6-6.5-9.2-11.2c-3.2-9.6 1.1-20 10.2-24.5l5.9-3c6.6-3.3 14.3-3.9 21.3-1.5l23.2 7.7c8.2 2.7 17.2-.4 21.9-7.5c4.7-7 4.2-16.3-1.2-22.8l-13.6-16.3c-10-12-9.9-29.5 .3-41.3l15.7-18.3c8.8-10.3 10.2-25 3.5-36.7l-2.4-4.2c-3.5-.2-6.9-.3-10.4-.3C163.1 48 84.4 108.9 57.7 193zM464 256c0-36.8-9.6-71.4-26.4-101.5L412 164.8c-15.7 6.3-23.8 23.8-18.5 39.8l16.9 50.7c3.5 10.4 12 18.3 22.6 20.9l29.1 7.3c1.2-9 1.8-18.2 1.8-27.5zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Share of population living in extreme poverty</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">World Bank</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="earth-americas" class="svg-inline--fa fa-earth-americas key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M57.7 193l9.4 16.4c8.3 14.5 21.9 25.2 38 29.8L163 255.7c17.2 4.9 29 20.6 29 38.5l0 39.9c0 11 6.2 21 16 25.9s16 14.9 16 25.9l0 39c0 15.6 14.9 26.9 29.9 22.6c16.1-4.6 28.6-17.5 32.7-33.8l2.8-11.2c4.2-16.9 15.2-31.4 30.3-40l8.1-4.6c15-8.5 24.2-24.5 24.2-41.7l0-8.3c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-3.9-3.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1L257 256c-11.1 0-22.1-2.9-31.8-8.4l-34.5-19.7c-4.3-2.5-7.6-6.5-9.2-11.2c-3.2-9.6 1.1-20 10.2-24.5l5.9-3c6.6-3.3 14.3-3.9 21.3-1.5l23.2 7.7c8.2 2.7 17.2-.4 21.9-7.5c4.7-7 4.2-16.3-1.2-22.8l-13.6-16.3c-10-12-9.9-29.5 .3-41.3l15.7-18.3c8.8-10.3 10.2-25 3.5-36.7l-2.4-4.2c-3.5-.2-6.9-.3-10.4-.3C163.1 48 84.4 108.9 57.7 193zM464 256c0-36.8-9.6-71.4-26.4-101.5L412 164.8c-15.7 6.3-23.8 23.8-18.5 39.8l16.9 50.7c3.5 10.4 12 18.3 22.6 20.9l29.1 7.3c1.2-9 1.8-18.2 1.8-27.5zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Share of population living in extreme poverty</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">World Bank</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Share of population living in extreme poverty</span> <span class="indicator-source">World bank</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">What share of the population lives in extreme poverty?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><span>The UN sets the “International Poverty Line” as a worldwide comparable definition for extreme poverty. Extreme poverty is currently defined as living on less than $2.15 per day. This indicator, published by the World Bank, has successfully drawn attention to the terrible depths of poverty of the poorest people in the world.</span></p><p class=""><span>Two centuries ago, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/extreme-poverty-in-brief" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>the majority</span></a><span> of the world’s population was extremely poor. Back then, it was widely believed that widespread poverty was inevitable. This turned out to be wrong. Economic growth is possible and </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-economic-growth" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>makes it possible</span></a><span> for entire societies to leave the deep poverty of the past behind. Whether or not countries are leaving the worst poverty behind can be monitored by relying on this indicator.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-desktop">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty.png" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-population-in-extreme-poverty" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_life-expectancy_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_life-expectancy_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Life expectancy at birth</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Life expectancy at birth</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_life-expectancy_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_life-expectancy_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Life expectancy at birth</span> <span class="indicator-source">Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by our world in data</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">How has people’s life expectancy changed over time?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><span>Across the world, people are living longer. In 1900, the global average life expectancy of a newborn was 32 years. By 2021, this had more than doubled to 71 years.</span></p><p class=""><span>Big improvements were achieved by countries </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy-globally" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>around the world</span></a><span>. The chart shows that life expectancy has more than doubled in every region of the world. This improvement is not only due to declining child mortality; life expectancy increased </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/its-not-just-about-child-mortality-life-expectancy-improved-at-all-ages" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>at all ages</span></a><span>.</span></p><p class=""><span>This visualization shows long-run estimates of life expectancy brought together by our team from several different data sources. It also shows that the </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>COVID-19 pandemic</span></a><span> led to reduced life expectancy worldwide.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-desktop">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy.png" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_co-emissions-per-capita_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_co-emissions-per-capita_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Per capita CO₂ emissions</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates from the Global Carbon Budget</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Per capita CO₂ emissions</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates from the Global Carbon Budget</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_co-emissions-per-capita_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_co-emissions-per-capita_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Per capita CO₂ emissions</span> <span class="indicator-source">Long-run estimates from the global carbon budget</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">How have CO₂ emissions per capita changed?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><span>The main source of carbon dioxide (CO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span>) emissions is the burning of fossil fuels. It is the primary </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>greenhouse gas</span></a><span> causing </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/climate-change" class="span-link"><span>climate change</span></a><span>.</span></p><p class=""><span>Globally, CO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span> emissions have remained at just below 5 tonnes per person for over a decade. Between countries, however, there are large differences, and while emissions are rapidly increasing in some countries, they are rapidly falling in others.</span></p><p class=""><span>The source for this CO</span><sub><span>2</span></sub><span> data is the Global Carbon Budget, a dataset we update yearly as soon as it is published. In addition to these production-based emissions, they publish consumption-based emissions for the last three decades, which can be viewed in our </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/co2?facet=none&country=CHN~USA~IND~FRA&Gas+or+Warming=CO%E2%82%82&Accounting=Consumption-based&Fuel+or+Land+Use+Change=All+fossil+emissions&Count=Per+capita" class="span-link"><span>Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data Explorer</span></a><span>.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-desktop">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita.png?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN&imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita.png?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN&imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita.png?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?tab=chart&country=USA~GBR~CHN~ZAF~PAN" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="earth-americas" class="svg-inline--fa fa-earth-americas key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M57.7 193l9.4 16.4c8.3 14.5 21.9 25.2 38 29.8L163 255.7c17.2 4.9 29 20.6 29 38.5l0 39.9c0 11 6.2 21 16 25.9s16 14.9 16 25.9l0 39c0 15.6 14.9 26.9 29.9 22.6c16.1-4.6 28.6-17.5 32.7-33.8l2.8-11.2c4.2-16.9 15.2-31.4 30.3-40l8.1-4.6c15-8.5 24.2-24.5 24.2-41.7l0-8.3c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-3.9-3.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1L257 256c-11.1 0-22.1-2.9-31.8-8.4l-34.5-19.7c-4.3-2.5-7.6-6.5-9.2-11.2c-3.2-9.6 1.1-20 10.2-24.5l5.9-3c6.6-3.3 14.3-3.9 21.3-1.5l23.2 7.7c8.2 2.7 17.2-.4 21.9-7.5c4.7-7 4.2-16.3-1.2-22.8l-13.6-16.3c-10-12-9.9-29.5 .3-41.3l15.7-18.3c8.8-10.3 10.2-25 3.5-36.7l-2.4-4.2c-3.5-.2-6.9-.3-10.4-.3C163.1 48 84.4 108.9 57.7 193zM464 256c0-36.8-9.6-71.4-26.4-101.5L412 164.8c-15.7 6.3-23.8 23.8-18.5 39.8l16.9 50.7c3.5 10.4 12 18.3 22.6 20.9l29.1 7.3c1.2-9 1.8-18.2 1.8-27.5zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">GDP per capita</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates from the Maddison Project Database</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="earth-americas" class="svg-inline--fa fa-earth-americas key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M57.7 193l9.4 16.4c8.3 14.5 21.9 25.2 38 29.8L163 255.7c17.2 4.9 29 20.6 29 38.5l0 39.9c0 11 6.2 21 16 25.9s16 14.9 16 25.9l0 39c0 15.6 14.9 26.9 29.9 22.6c16.1-4.6 28.6-17.5 32.7-33.8l2.8-11.2c4.2-16.9 15.2-31.4 30.3-40l8.1-4.6c15-8.5 24.2-24.5 24.2-41.7l0-8.3c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-3.9-3.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1L257 256c-11.1 0-22.1-2.9-31.8-8.4l-34.5-19.7c-4.3-2.5-7.6-6.5-9.2-11.2c-3.2-9.6 1.1-20 10.2-24.5l5.9-3c6.6-3.3 14.3-3.9 21.3-1.5l23.2 7.7c8.2 2.7 17.2-.4 21.9-7.5c4.7-7 4.2-16.3-1.2-22.8l-13.6-16.3c-10-12-9.9-29.5 .3-41.3l15.7-18.3c8.8-10.3 10.2-25 3.5-36.7l-2.4-4.2c-3.5-.2-6.9-.3-10.4-.3C163.1 48 84.4 108.9 57.7 193zM464 256c0-36.8-9.6-71.4-26.4-101.5L412 164.8c-15.7 6.3-23.8 23.8-18.5 39.8l16.9 50.7c3.5 10.4 12 18.3 22.6 20.9l29.1 7.3c1.2-9 1.8-18.2 1.8-27.5zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">GDP per capita</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates from the Maddison Project Database</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">GDP per capita</span> <span class="indicator-source">Long-run estimates from the maddison project database</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">How do average incomes compare between countries around the world?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><span>GDP per capita is a very comprehensive measure of people’s </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/what-is-economic-growth" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>average income</span></a><span>. This indicator reveals how large the inequality between people in different countries is. In the poorest countries, people live on less than $1,000 per year, while in rich countries, the average income is more than 50 times higher.</span></p><p class=""><span>The data shown is sourced from the Maddison Project Database. Drawing together the careful work of hundreds of economic historians, the particular value of this data lies in the historical coverage it provides. This data makes clear that the vast majority of people in all countries </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/extreme-history-methods" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>were poor</span></a><span> in the past. It allows us to understand when and how the </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>economic growth</span></a><span> that made it possible </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/breaking-the-malthusian-trap" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>to leave</span></a><span> the deep poverty of the past behind was achieved.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-desktop">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database.png" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/gdp-per-capita-maddison-project-database" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_prevalence-of-undernourishment_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_prevalence-of-undernourishment_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Share of people that are undernourished</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">FAO</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Share of people that are undernourished</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">FAO</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_prevalence-of-undernourishment_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_prevalence-of-undernourishment_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Share of people that are undernourished</span> <span class="indicator-source">Fao</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">What share of the population is suffering from hunger?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/hunger-and-undernourishment" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Hunger</span></a><span> has been a severe problem for most of humanity throughout history. Growing enough food to feed one’s family was a constant struggle in daily life. Food shortages, malnutrition, and </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/famines" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>famines</span></a><span> were common around the world.</span></p><p class=""><span>The UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization publishes global data on undernourishment, defined as not consuming enough calories to maintain a normal, active, healthy life. These minimum requirements vary by a person’s sex, weight, height, and activity levels. This is considered in these national and global estimates.</span></p><p class=""><span>The world has made much progress in reducing global hunger in recent decades. But we are still far away from an end to hunger, as this indicator shows. Tragically, nearly one in ten people still do not get enough food to eat and in recent years — especially during the pandemic — hunger levels have increased.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-desktop">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment.png?imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment.png?imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment.png" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/prevalence-of-undernourishment" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_cross-country-literacy-rates_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_cross-country-literacy-rates_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Literacy rate</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="chart-line" class="svg-inline--fa fa-chart-line key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M64 64c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32S0 46.3 0 64L0 400c0 44.2 35.8 80 80 80l400 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32L80 416c-8.8 0-16-7.2-16-16L64 64zm406.6 86.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L320 210.7l-57.4-57.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-112 112c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L240 221.3l57.4 57.4c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0l128-128z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Literacy rate</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by Our World in Data</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_cross-country-literacy-rates_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_cross-country-literacy-rates_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Literacy rate</span> <span class="indicator-source">Long-run estimates collated from multiple sources by our world in data</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">When has literacy become a widespread skill?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><span>Literacy is a foundational skill. Children need to learn to read so that they can read to learn. When we fail to teach this foundational skill, people have fewer opportunities to lead the rich and interesting lives that a good education offers.</span></p><p class=""><span>The historical data shows that only a very small share of the population, a tiny elite, was able to read and write. Over the course of the last few generations, literacy levels increased, but </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/better-learning" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>it remains</span></a><span> an important challenge for our time to provide this foundational skill to all.</span></p><p class=""><span>At Our World in Data, </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/how-is-literacy-measured" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>we investigated</span></a><span> the strengths and shortcomings of the available data on literacy. Based on this work, our team brought together the long-run data shown in the chart by combining several different sources, including the World Bank, the CIA Factbook, and a range of research publications.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-desktop">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates.png?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA&imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates.png?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA&imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates.png?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-literacy-rates?country=RUS~GBR~NLD~CRI~ISR~SGP~CHL~CHN~MAC~OWID_WRL~IND~TZA" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div></div></div></div><div class="accordion-item accordion-item--closed"><h3 class="accordion-item__heading"><button id="key-indicator-collection_share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity_header" class="accordion-item__button" aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="key-indicator-collection_share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity_content"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="earth-americas" class="svg-inline--fa fa-earth-americas key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M57.7 193l9.4 16.4c8.3 14.5 21.9 25.2 38 29.8L163 255.7c17.2 4.9 29 20.6 29 38.5l0 39.9c0 11 6.2 21 16 25.9s16 14.9 16 25.9l0 39c0 15.6 14.9 26.9 29.9 22.6c16.1-4.6 28.6-17.5 32.7-33.8l2.8-11.2c4.2-16.9 15.2-31.4 30.3-40l8.1-4.6c15-8.5 24.2-24.5 24.2-41.7l0-8.3c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-3.9-3.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1L257 256c-11.1 0-22.1-2.9-31.8-8.4l-34.5-19.7c-4.3-2.5-7.6-6.5-9.2-11.2c-3.2-9.6 1.1-20 10.2-24.5l5.9-3c6.6-3.3 14.3-3.9 21.3-1.5l23.2 7.7c8.2 2.7 17.2-.4 21.9-7.5c4.7-7 4.2-16.3-1.2-22.8l-13.6-16.3c-10-12-9.9-29.5 .3-41.3l15.7-18.3c8.8-10.3 10.2-25 3.5-36.7l-2.4-4.2c-3.5-.2-6.9-.3-10.4-.3C163.1 48 84.4 108.9 57.7 193zM464 256c0-36.8-9.6-71.4-26.4-101.5L412 164.8c-15.7 6.3-23.8 23.8-18.5 39.8l16.9 50.7c3.5 10.4 12 18.3 22.6 20.9l29.1 7.3c1.2-9 1.8-18.2 1.8-27.5zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Share of the population with access to electricity</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">World Bank</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></button></h3><a class="accordion-item__link-mobile" href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest"><div class="key-indicator-header"><div class="key-indicator-header__left"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="earth-americas" class="svg-inline--fa fa-earth-americas key-indicator-header__tab-icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M57.7 193l9.4 16.4c8.3 14.5 21.9 25.2 38 29.8L163 255.7c17.2 4.9 29 20.6 29 38.5l0 39.9c0 11 6.2 21 16 25.9s16 14.9 16 25.9l0 39c0 15.6 14.9 26.9 29.9 22.6c16.1-4.6 28.6-17.5 32.7-33.8l2.8-11.2c4.2-16.9 15.2-31.4 30.3-40l8.1-4.6c15-8.5 24.2-24.5 24.2-41.7l0-8.3c0-12.7-5.1-24.9-14.1-33.9l-3.9-3.9c-9-9-21.2-14.1-33.9-14.1L257 256c-11.1 0-22.1-2.9-31.8-8.4l-34.5-19.7c-4.3-2.5-7.6-6.5-9.2-11.2c-3.2-9.6 1.1-20 10.2-24.5l5.9-3c6.6-3.3 14.3-3.9 21.3-1.5l23.2 7.7c8.2 2.7 17.2-.4 21.9-7.5c4.7-7 4.2-16.3-1.2-22.8l-13.6-16.3c-10-12-9.9-29.5 .3-41.3l15.7-18.3c8.8-10.3 10.2-25 3.5-36.7l-2.4-4.2c-3.5-.2-6.9-.3-10.4-.3C163.1 48 84.4 108.9 57.7 193zM464 256c0-36.8-9.6-71.4-26.4-101.5L412 164.8c-15.7 6.3-23.8 23.8-18.5 39.8l16.9 50.7c3.5 10.4 12 18.3 22.6 20.9l29.1 7.3c1.2-9 1.8-18.2 1.8-27.5zM0 256a256 256 0 1 1 512 0A256 256 0 1 1 0 256z"></path></svg><div><span class="key-indicator-header__title">Share of the population with access to electricity</span><span class="key-indicator-header__source">World Bank</span></div></div><div><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-plus key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 80c0-17.7-14.3-32-32-32s-32 14.3-32 32l0 144L48 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l144 0 0 144c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32s32-14.3 32-32l0-144 144 0c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32s-14.3-32-32-32l-144 0 0-144z"></path></svg><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right key-indicator-header__icon" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></div></div></a><div id="key-indicator-collection_share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity_content" class="accordion-item__content" style="height:0" role="region" aria-labelledby="key-indicator-collection_share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity_header"><div tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"><div class="key-indicator grid grid-cols-12"><div class="left col-start-1 span-cols-4 span-sm-cols-12"><div class="indicator-metadata"><span class="indicator-title">Share of the population with access to electricity</span> <span class="indicator-source">World bank</span></div><h4 class="narrative-title">Where do people lack access to even the most basic electricity supply?</h4><div class="text"><p class=""><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/light-at-night" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>Light at night</span></a><span> makes it possible to get together after sunset; </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/mobile-cellular-subscriptions-per-100-people" class="span-link"><span>mobile phones</span></a><span> allow us to stay in touch with those far away; the refrigeration of food reduces food waste; and </span><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/technology-adoption-by-households-in-the-united-states" class="span-link"><span>household appliances</span></a><span> free up time from household chores. Access to electricity improves people’s living conditions in many ways.</span></p><p class=""><span>The World Bank data on the world map captures whether people have access to the </span><em><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/definition-electricity-access" class="span-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>most basic</span></a></em><span> electricity supply — just enough to provide basic lighting and charge a phone or power a radio for 4 hours per day.</span></p><p class=""><span>It shows that, especially in several African countries, a large share of the population lacks the benefits that basic electricity offers. No radio and no light at night.</span></p></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-desktop">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="arrow-right" class="svg-inline--fa fa-arrow-right " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M438.6 278.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3l-160-160c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L338.8 224 32 224c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32l306.7 0L233.4 393.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0l160-160z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="key-indicator-chart col-start-5 span-cols-8 span-sm-cols-12 margin-0"><figure class="grapherPreview chart" data-grapher-src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest" style="width:100%;border:0px none"><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><picture><source id="grapher-preview-source" srcSet="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity.png?time=latest&imWidth=850 850w, https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity.png?time=latest&imWidth=1700 1700w" sizes="(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"/><img class="GrapherImage" src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity.png?time=latest" width="850" height="600" loading="lazy" data-no-lightbox="true"/></picture></a></figure></div><a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-the-population-with-access-to-electricity?time=latest" class="owid-btn owid-btn--solid-blue datapage-link datapage-link-mobile col-start-1 span-cols-12">Explore and learn more about this data <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" 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64C0 46.3 14.3 32 32 32c229.8 0 416 186.2 416 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32s-32-14.3-32-32C384 253.6 226.4 96 32 96C14.3 96 0 81.7 0 64zM0 416a64 64 0 1 1 128 0A64 64 0 1 1 0 416zM32 160c159.1 0 288 128.9 288 288c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32s-32-14.3-32-32c0-123.7-100.3-224-224-224c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32z"></path></svg></span><span class="label">Research & Writing</span></a></li><li><a href="/atom-data-insights.xml" class="list-item" title="Daily Data Insights" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-track-note="homepage_follow_us"><span class="icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="rss" class="svg-inline--fa fa-rss " role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 64C0 46.3 14.3 32 32 32c229.8 0 416 186.2 416 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32s-32-14.3-32-32C384 253.6 226.4 96 32 96C14.3 96 0 81.7 0 64zM0 416a64 64 0 1 1 128 0A64 64 0 1 1 0 416zM32 160c159.1 0 288 128.9 288 288c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 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class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/life-expectancy">Life Expectancy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/fertility-rate">Fertility Rate</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/child-mortality">Child and Infant Mortality</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Geography of the World Population:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/urbanization">Urbanization</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/migration">Migration</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Health</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Life and Death:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/health-meta">Global Health</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/causes-of-death">Causes of Death</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/child-mortality">Child and Infant Mortality</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/burden-of-disease">Burden of Disease</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/life-expectancy">Life Expectancy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/mental-health">Mental Health</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/suicide">Suicides</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/cardiovascular-diseases">Cardiovascular Diseases</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/cancer">Cancer</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/maternal-mortality">Maternal Mortality</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Health Risks:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/air-pollution">Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/outdoor-air-pollution">Outdoor Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/indoor-air-pollution">Indoor Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/lead-pollution">Lead Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/alcohol-consumption">Alcohol Consumption</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/illicit-drug-use">Opioids, Cocaine, Cannabis, and Other Illicit Drugs</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/obesity">Obesity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/smoking">Smoking</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Infectious Diseases:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/pandemics">Pandemics</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/coronavirus">Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19)</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/malaria">Malaria</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/hiv-aids">HIV/AIDS</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/diarrheal-diseases">Diarrheal Diseases</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/tuberculosis">Tuberculosis</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/polio">Polio</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/neglected-tropical-diseases">Neglected Tropical Diseases</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/influenza">Influenza</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/pneumonia">Pneumonia</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/tetanus">Tetanus</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/monkeypox">Mpox</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/smallpox">Smallpox</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Health Institutions and Interventions:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/eradication-of-diseases">Eradication of Diseases</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/vaccination">Vaccination</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/antibiotics">Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/financing-healthcare">Healthcare Spending</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Energy and Environment</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Climate and Air:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/climate-change">Climate Change</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions">CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/air-pollution">Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/outdoor-air-pollution">Outdoor Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/indoor-air-pollution">Indoor Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/ozone-layer">Ozone Layer</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Energy Systems:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/energy">Energy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/energy-access">Access to Energy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/fossil-fuels">Fossil Fuels</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/renewable-energy">Renewable Energy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/nuclear-energy">Nuclear Energy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/metals-minerals">Metals and Minerals</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Environment and Ecosystems:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/natural-disasters">Natural Disasters</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/biodiversity">Biodiversity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/environmental-impacts-of-food">Environmental Impacts of Food Production</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/fish-and-overfishing">Fish and Overfishing</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/land-use">Land Use</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/water-use-stress">Water Use and Stress</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/forests-and-deforestation">Forests and Deforestation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/wildfires">Wildfires</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/animal-welfare">Animal Welfare</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Waste and Pollution:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/plastic-pollution">Plastic Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/oil-spills">Oil Spills</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/lead-pollution">Lead Pollution</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Food and Agriculture</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Food Production:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/agricultural-production">Agricultural Production</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/meat-production">Meat and Dairy Production</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/fish-and-overfishing">Fish and Overfishing</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/crop-yields">Crop Yields</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/animal-welfare">Animal Welfare</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/environmental-impacts-of-food">Environmental Impacts of Food Production</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/farm-size">Farm Size and Productivity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Agricultural Inputs:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/land-use">Land Use</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/fertilizers">Fertilizers</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/pesticides">Pesticides</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/employment-in-agriculture">Employment in Agriculture</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Nutrition:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/hunger-and-undernourishment">Hunger and Undernourishment</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/food-supply">Food Supply</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/food-prices">Food Prices</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/obesity">Obesity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/famines">Famines</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/diet-compositions">Diet Compositions</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/micronutrient-deficiency">Micronutrient Deficiency</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/human-height">Human Height</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Poverty and Economic Development</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Poverty and Prosperity:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/poverty">Poverty</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/economic-growth">Economic Growth</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/economic-inequality">Economic Inequality</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/foreign-aid">Foreign Aid</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/economic-inequality-by-gender">Economic Inequality by Gender</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Public Sector:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/government-spending">Government Spending</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/state-capacity">State Capacity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/taxation">Taxation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/corruption">Corruption</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/financing-healthcare">Healthcare Spending</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/financing-education">Education Spending</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/military-personnel-spending">Military Personnel and Spending</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Labor:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/female-labor-supply">Women’s Employment</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/child-labor">Child Labor</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/working-hours">Working Hours</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Global Connections:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/trade-and-globalization">Trade and Globalization</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/migration">Migration</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/tourism">Tourism</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Water:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/clean-water-sanitation">Clean Water and Sanitation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/water-access">Clean Water</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/sanitation">Sanitation</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Education and Knowledge</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Education:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/global-education">Global Education</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/literacy">Literacy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/financing-education">Education Spending</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Knowledge:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/research-and-development">Research and Development</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/internet">Internet</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/books">Books</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Innovation and Technological Change</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/technological-change">Technological Change</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/research-and-development">Research and Development</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/artificial-intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/internet">Internet</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/space-exploration-satellites">Space Exploration and Satellites</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/transport">Transport</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Living Conditions, Community, and Wellbeing</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Housing and Infrastructure:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/homelessness">Homelessness</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/energy-access">Access to Energy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/indoor-air-pollution">Indoor Air Pollution</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/clean-water-sanitation">Clean Water and Sanitation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/water-access">Clean Water</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/sanitation">Sanitation</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/light-at-night">Light at Night</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Time Use:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/time-use">Time Use</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/working-hours">Working Hours</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Relationships:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/marriages-and-divorces">Marriages and Divorces</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/social-connections-and-loneliness">Loneliness and Social Connections</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/trust">Trust</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__subtopic">Happiness and Wellbeing:</li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/happiness-and-life-satisfaction">Happiness and Life Satisfaction</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/human-development-index">Human Development Index (HDI)</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Human Rights and Democracy</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/human-rights">Human Rights</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/democracy">Democracy</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/state-capacity">State Capacity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/women-rights">Women’s Rights</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/lgbt-rights">LGBT+ Rights</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/corruption">Corruption</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/economic-inequality-by-gender">Economic Inequality by Gender</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/child-labor">Child Labor</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/violence-against-rights-for-children">Violence Against Children and Children’s Rights</a></li></ul></section><section class="homepage-topic span-cols-12"><h2 class="homepage-topic__topic-name h3-bold">Violence and War</h2><ul class="homepage-topic__topic-list display-3-regular"><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/war-and-peace">War and Peace</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/nuclear-weapons">Nuclear Weapons</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/homicides">Homicides</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/terrorism">Terrorism</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/state-capacity">State Capacity</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/military-personnel-spending">Military Personnel and Spending</a></li><li class="homepage-topic__topic-entry"><a href="/violence-against-rights-for-children">Violence Against Children and Children’s Rights</a></li></ul></section></section></div></div><section class="donate-footer grid grid-cols-12-full-width"><div class="donate-footer-inner span-cols-12 col-start-2"><div><h4>Our World in Data is free 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